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Speaker 1: I want to take you back to a very specific

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moment in time. It's December nineteen eighty eight. We are

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in Maryland inside some nondescript government building. The heating is

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probably rattling, the coffee is likely terrible, definitely terrible. But

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the tension in the room is absolute. This is the

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height of the late Cold.

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Speaker 2: War, right, And just to set the stakes here, at

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this point, the US intelligence community is genuinely terrified of

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what they call the sy Gap, the psy gap. Yeah,

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they believe the Soviets were winning the war on psychic espionage.

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They thought that Kremlin had these people who could stop hearts.

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Speaker 1: With their minds, curiously stop hearts.

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Speaker 2: Or you know, read President Reagan's diary from an office

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in Moscow. It sounds completely wild.

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Speaker 1: To us now, it sounds ludicrous, But they were pouring

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millions of dollars into this.

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Speaker 2: Millions and in this room in Maryland, which was part

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of the secret operation called Project Sunstreak, you have these

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CIA handlers, okay, and they're sitting across from a man

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known in the files only as Viewer.

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Speaker 1: Thirty two, so not his real name, I'm guessing not

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even close.

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Speaker 2: And they aren't asking him to look at a Soviet

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submarine silo. They aren't asking for the location of a

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hostage or a mole.

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Speaker 1: No, the target is something else entirely.

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Speaker 2: It's biblical. They hand him a sealed envelope or maybe

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a set of coordinates, and they tell him the target is.

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Speaker 1: The Ark of the Covenant, the actual arc, the box

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from the Old Testament with the Ten Commandments inside, the.

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Speaker 2: Face melting Power of God from Raiders.

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Speaker 1: Of the Lost Art at exact one.

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Speaker 2: The very same. And what's just fascinating is the transcript

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of this session. I mean, if you read it, it

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plays out like a movie scene.

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Speaker 1: So what does he see?

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Speaker 2: Remote Viewer thirty two goes into this trans state. He

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starts describing a location somewhere in the Middle East. He

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talks about a feeling a heaviness in the air, and

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then he describes a damp underground tunnel system. He says

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he can hear voices speaking a dialect of Arabic.

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Speaker 1: And this is where it gets really cinematic, right, because

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he doesn't just describe the place, he describes the container.

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Speaker 2: He does. He describes a chest made of wood and

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it's overlaid with gold and silver, and he specifically I

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mean specifically mentions winged figures on the lid, the cherubim,

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the cherubim. It aligns terrifyingly well with the descriptions in

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the Book of Exodus. He says it's hidden deep within

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a chamber, protected by what he calls watchers.

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Speaker 1: Okay, we have to pause here because if you're listening

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to this, you're probably thinking, wait a second, did the

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CIA find the arc? Is it in a warehouse next

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to the Roswell saucer?

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Speaker 2: Right, and we have to be the buzz kills immediately.

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Speaker 1: Unfortunately, yes, no distinct location was ever really pinned down,

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and certainly nothing was excavated based on this.

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Speaker 2: And in fact, Joe mcmonagall, who was remote viewer zero

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zero one, I mean, this guy, was the legend of

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the program. He later said that remote viewing has this

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one fatal flaw, which is you can describe a thing,

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you can see it in your mind's eye with incredible detail,

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but you can't always describe where it is on a map.

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Speaker 1: So you can see the needle, but you have no

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idea which heyck it's in precisely.

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Speaker 2: And even more importantly, he said, you can't always distinguish

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between a real physical object and what he called a

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thought form.

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Speaker 1: A thought form, what does that even mean.

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Speaker 2: It's like a psychic echo the collective imagination of humanity.

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Speaker 1: So he might have just been viewing the idea of

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the arc because millions of people have been thinking about

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it and praying about it for thousands of years exactly.

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Speaker 2: It's like the image of it is so strong in

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the collective unconscious that it leaves a psychic residue. But

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the fact remains. And this is the key point. The

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United States government, an entity of hard power of satellites

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and spies and real world assets, was desperate enough to

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burn its budget hunting for a magical relic.

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Speaker 1: And that desperation, that willingness to try anything during the

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Cold War to find an edge, even a paranormal one,

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that really sets the stage for what we are doing

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here today.

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Speaker 2: It absolutely does.

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Speaker 1: Because if the government was willing to bet on psychics

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to find the arc, what else is out there? What

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other impossible things are sitting in the or maybe worse,

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sitting in a box in a museum basement somewhere.

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Speaker 2: That is the question of the hour.

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Speaker 1: Welcome to Thrilling Threads. Today we are pulling on the

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loose ends of history to see what unravels, and.

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Speaker 2: We have a massive stack of sources. Today we're going

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to be looking at the most dangerous, the most mysterious,

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and frankly, the most controversial artifacts ever found.

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Speaker 1: We're going to be separating the hoaxes from the history.

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We have items that could rewrite the timeline of human civilization,

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and we.

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Speaker 2: Have items that quite literally might kill you if you

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touch them.

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Speaker 1: We're talking ancient curses, out of place, artifacts that scream aliens,

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lost cities found by lasers from the sky, and foreskins.

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Speaker 2: Yes you heard that right, multiple foreskins.

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Speaker 1: You'll have to stick around for that.

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Speaker 2: It is going to be a very journey, to say

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the least.

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Speaker 1: So let's unpack this. Our first thread today is all

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about the conspiracy of silence, because sometimes the mystery isn't

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that we can't find an artifact.

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Speaker 2: No, the mystery is that a handful of people did

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find it and then they refuse to let anyone else

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see it.

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Speaker 1: This is a recurring and infuriating theme and archaeology, isn't it.

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Speaker 2: It really is? And there is no better, or maybe

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I should say worse example than the Dead Sea scrolls ah.

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Speaker 1: The classic discovery story. Everybody knows this one. Nineteen forty seven.

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Speaker 2: A Bedouin shepherd, he's wandering near the Dead Sea. He

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tosses a rock into a cave. Maybe he was bored,

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maybe looking for a lost goat, who knows.

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Speaker 1: And he hears a crash, he hears pottery.

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Speaker 2: Breaking, and inside that broken jar were scrolls, ancient scrolls

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wrapped in linen Biblical manuscripts over two thousand years old.

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Speaker 1: And you really have to put this in perspective for

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the listener. Before this discovery, the oldest complete Hebrew Bible

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manuscripts we had they dated to the Middle Ages.

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Speaker 2: Right around one thousand and eighty. That was our baseline.

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Speaker 1: And then suddenly we had texts from one hundred or

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two hundred BC. We jumped back a millennium.

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Speaker 2: One thousand years of history just opened up in a

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single afternoon. It was arguably the most significant archaeological fire

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of the twentieth century.

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Speaker 1: It promised to revolutionize our understanding of early Judaism, the

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roots of Christianity, everything. But then what happened, Well.

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Speaker 2: Then came the silence, a whole lot of nothing for

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the rest of the world.

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Speaker 1: And this is why it's a scandal, not just a delay.

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You have to understand the sheer magnitude of the hoarding

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that went on here.

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Speaker 2: It was unbelievable. The Jordanian government appointed a man, a

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Dominican priest named father Roland de Vaux, to head up

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the international team.

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Speaker 1: Okay, so he's the guy in charge.

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Speaker 2: He's the guy, and he assembles his dream team of scholars. Yeah,

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and his dream team consisted of eight people.

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Speaker 1: Eight eight guys to translate tens of thousands of fragments

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of ancient texts. That seems understaffed, a little understaffed, yeah, woefully.

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Speaker 2: But they did something unprecedented. They established a rule of secrecy,

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which meant what exactly it meant. They refused to let

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any other scholars see the fragments until they themselves had

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officially published their translations and analysis.

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Speaker 1: So they created a monopoly.

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Speaker 2: A complete monopoly. They decided who could see the text,

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what got published, and more importantly, what remained a secret.

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And they were let's just say not fast.

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Speaker 1: That is infuriating. I mean, imagine being a historian in

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the nineteen sixties or seventies. You know, this revolutionary information

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is just sitting there, but you can't see it because

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you aren't in the cool kids club.

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Speaker 2: It was worse than just a club. By nineteen eighty nine,

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more than forty years after the discovery, less than half

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the scrolls had been published. Forty years researchers, respected scholars

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were requesting access and just getting turned down with zero explanation.

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There's a famous story of a scholar who finally managed

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to get into the scrollery, the room at the Rockefeller

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Museum where they worked, and what did he see? He

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saw them smoking cigarettes over the fragments, no drinking wine,

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taping fragile two thousand year old pieces of parchment together

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with scotch tape.

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Speaker 1: Scotch tap on the Dead Sea scrolls. That is archaeological sacrilege.

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Speaker 2: It was a different time, preservation wise, it's still this monopoly,

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this secrecy. It just fueled massive conspiracy theories.

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Speaker 1: Of course it did. People started whispering, what are they

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hiding in there?

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Speaker 2: Exactly? Does the scroll say Jesus never existed? Does it

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mention aliens? Is the Vatican actively suppressing something that would

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destroy Christianity?

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Speaker 1: Because when you hide things, people naturally assume the worst.

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Speaker 2: The Biblical Archaeology Review magazine, they weren't shy about it.

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They flat out called it a scandal. It got so

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bad that it took an outside intervention in nineteen ninety

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one to finally break the dam.

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Speaker 1: And that was the Huntington Library in California. Right.

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Speaker 2: Yes, the Huntington had a backup set of safety negatives,

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basically microfilm copies of the scrolls, and their director decided,

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you know what, enough is enough. This knowledge belongs to.

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Speaker 1: The world, and they just released the foot They.

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Speaker 2: Released everything, and overnight the monopoly was shattered. Scholars all

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over the world finally had access computers started reconstructing the

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text from the fragments.

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Speaker 1: But that the damage was done in a.

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Speaker 2: Way, it really was, an entire generation of brilliant scholars

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lived and died without ever getting to study the most

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important discovery in their field. It just highlights how fragile

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knowledge is.

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Speaker 1: And not just because of decay or time, but because

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of human ego and.

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Speaker 2: Hoarding precisely, and it's not a one off thing. We

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see almost the exact same pattern with the Naigamati Library right.

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Speaker 1: Similar story nineteen forty five, two years before the scrolls,

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Egyptian farmers find a sealed jar near a cliff face the.

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Speaker 2: Cliff of Jabal Altariff, And honestly, the reaction of the

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farmers is fascinating. It tells you so much about the

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local culture and beliefs at the.

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Speaker 1: Time, because they're afraid of it.

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Speaker 2: One of them, a man named Muhammad Ali. He admitted

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later that he was scared to break the jar. He

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thought a gin, a spirit, or a genie might be trapped.

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Speaker 1: Inside, which is a valid fear in nineteen forty five

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rural Egypt. I guess if you grow up hearing stories

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about spirits and jars, you don't just smash them open.

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Speaker 2: You'd hesitate. But eventually the hope for gold won out

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over the fear of the gin, so he broke it

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and found no gold, no gold, just these leather bound

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papyrus books or couptses. Who was so disappointed he reportedly

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just took them home.

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Speaker 1: Dumped them by the oven, and his mother used some

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of the pages.

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Speaker 2: His mother may have used some of the loose pages

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as kindling to start the fire for cooking.

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Speaker 1: He burned the Gnostic Gospels to bake bread. That just

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that hurts myself.

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Speaker 2: It is physically painful to think about what might have

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been lost. But what survived was revolutionary. These were the

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very texts that the early Church had actively tried to erase.

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Speaker 1: The Gnostic Gospels, the Gospel of Thomas, the Gospel of Philip.

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Speaker 2: And when you say erase, you mean that quite literally,

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don't you.

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Speaker 1: Oh, absolutely, look at the timeline. In the year three

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sixty seven CE, a very powerful man named Athanasius, the

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Bishop of Alexandria, sends out his famous Easter.

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Speaker 2: Letter, and in it he lays down.

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Speaker 1: The law he does. He lists the books that were canonical,

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the twenty seven books of the New Testament that we

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know today, and then he explicitly condemns everything else as

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heretical forbidden.

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Speaker 2: So you were a monk at a monastery and you

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were holding onto these other gospels, you were suddenly holding contraband.

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Speaker 1: Extremely dangerous contraband. The theory is that monks at a

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nearby monastery took these forbidden books, sealed them in that jar,

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and buried.

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Speaker 2: Them to save them from destruction.

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Speaker 1: Exactly. And because of that we now know that early

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Christianity wasn't this unified, clean narrative we often think of.

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It was chaotic. It was a battlefield of competing ideas, and.

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Speaker 2: Some of those ideas were very different.

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Speaker 1: The Gospel of Philip, for instance, suggests that spiritual knowledge

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nosis was more important than simple faith. It also hints

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at a much much closer relationship between Jesus and Mary

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Magdalene than the canonical gospels do.

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Speaker 2: And just like the scrolls, these ideas sat in silence

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in the desert for sixteen hundred years. It really makes

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you wonder what else is buried out there because someone

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in power didn't like what it said, or and.

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Speaker 1: This is maybe even more daunting, what's just sitting on

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a shelf unread?

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Speaker 2: Which brings us to the Oxyryncus papyri, the ancient trash

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dum Essentially yes. In the late nineteenth century, two archaeologists,

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gren Fellon Hunt, went to Oxarincus in Egypt. They weren't

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looking for grand temples or tombs. They found the city's garbage.

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Speaker 1: Mounts right and because of the dry climate.

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Speaker 2: Because it rarely rains there, the paper, the papyrus, it

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didn't rot. It was perfectly preserved.

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Speaker 1: So one man's trash is another man's entire academic career.

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Speaker 2: And then some They found hundreds of thousands of fragments,

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shopping less, personal letters, tax returns census data, but also literature.

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Speaker 1: And some of that content was disturbing to the Victorian

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scholars who found it.

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Speaker 2: Disturbing is a good word. They found writings that contradicted

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known history, descriptions of secret rituals, lost plays by famous

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Greek authors that were maybe a bit too body for

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Victorian sensibilities, so.

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Speaker 1: They might have just put those aside. We'll get to

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that one later.

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Speaker 2: Perhaps, But the real problem is just the sheer volume.

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Even today, with all our technology, less than ten percent

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has been properly translated and published. Ten percent most of

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it is still sitting in archival boxes at Oxford University.

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Speaker 1: So you're telling you there could be a lost gospel,

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or a play by Sophocles, or a letter from Cleopatra

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just sitting in a box in England waiting for someone

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to learn ancient Greek and have a free afternoon.

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Speaker 2: That is exactly what I'm telling you. The secrets aren't

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always buried in the ground. Sometimes they're just sitting in

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the backlog.

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Speaker 1: That is a sobering thought that the answers to some

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of history's biggest questions might already be in our possession,

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just unread.

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Speaker 2: It's a race against time and against the limits of manpower.

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Speaker 1: Okay, let's pivot from the things scholars are hoarding to

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the things that scholars say shouldn't exist in the first place.

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Speaker 2: Ah. Yes, we're entering the zone of out of place

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artifacts or oopparts.

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Speaker 1: This is where the Internet usually starts screaming aliens, and this.

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Speaker 2: Is where science usually says, Hold on a minute, Let's

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look at the chemistry.

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Speaker 1: Let's start with a classic, the Koso artifacteen six on.

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Some rock collectors are hiking in the Coso Mountains of California.

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They find what looks like a geode.

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Speaker 2: Right, a lumpy rock that's often hollow and filled with crystals.

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Speaker 1: So they take it home. They get out their diamond saw.

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They cut it open, expecting to see beautiful purple amethyst crystals,

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and instead, inside there's a metal cylinder with a coil

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and a ceramic insulator.

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Speaker 2: It looks exactly like a modern.

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Speaker 1: Spark plug because it was a spark plug.

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Speaker 2: It was a nineteen twenties Champion spark plug to be precise.

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Speaker 1: Hold on, it was inside a rock. Rocks take millions

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of years to form, so unless Henry Ford was manufacturing

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model ts in the Jurassic period. How does that happen?

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Speaker 2: This is a great example of how nature can trick us.

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And the key word here, the term your listeners should

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file away, is concretion.

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Speaker 1: Concretion, Okay, explain it like I'm five.

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Speaker 2: Imagine you drop a piece of iron like a spark

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plug or a nail or an old wrench into wet,

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mineral rich mud or clay. Okay, iron rusts it exit

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00:15:00,279 --> 00:15:03,360
isis that rust isn't just a color change. It's a

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chemical reaction that acts like a glue or a cement.

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It starts binding the surrounding silt and clay and minerals

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directly to the object.

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Speaker 1: So the object essentially grows a shell around itself.

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Speaker 2: It creates its own hard rock like casing, and if

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the conditions are right, high mineral content in the soil,

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the right pH level. This doesn't take millions of years,

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it can happen in decades.

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Speaker 1: Decades.

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Speaker 2: Absolutely, We found Coca Cola bottles from World War Two

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that are completely encased in hard concretion, looking like they're

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embedded in ancient stone.

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Speaker 1: So the rock around the coast artifact wasn't geological bedrock.

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It was a rustball that the spark plug made for

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itself over like thirty or forty years exactly.

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Speaker 2: And when geologists finally did X rays on the coasto artifact,

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they found something that was the final nail in the

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coffin for the ancient artifact theory. What was that the

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porcelain insulator inside the plug. It wasn't some unknown alien ceramic.

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It had the distinctive logo of the Champion's Spark Plug

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company from the nineteen twenties.

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Speaker 1: So the ancient artifact was barely older than my grandfather.

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Speaker 2: Not even. And it's the exact same explanation for the London.

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Speaker 1: Hammer right right, the iron hammerhead found inside supposedly ancient

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rock in Texas.

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Speaker 2: Creationists, particularly guy named Carl Bao, jumped on this as

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proof of a pre flood technologically advanced civilization as a watchmaker.

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Speaker 1: Argument, but again science points to rapid concretion. A nineteenth

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century mining tool probably got dropped in a mineral rich

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mud puddle and.

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Speaker 2: The rock just formed around it. The original wooden handle

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hadn't even petrified yet when they found it.

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Speaker 1: It's a bit of a buzzkill for the ancient mysteries crowd,

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but honestly, it's also fascinating that geology can move that fast.

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Speaker 2: It's a different kind of marble.

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Speaker 1: Okay, But let's talk about something that's a little harder

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to explain away with just mud hard and quickly. Let's

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talk about the Kimbaya airplanes.

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Speaker 2: These are undeniably beautiful and intriguing objects. They are small

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gold figurines from the Kimbaya culture in Colombia.

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Speaker 1: Dating roughly between two hundred and nine hundred CE, and they.

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Speaker 2: Look like fighter jets. I mean, come on, you look

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at them and you see delta wings and upright tail fin,

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a defined fuselage. It's uncanny, it really is.

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Speaker 1: And it's not just our modernized seeing things some enthusiasts.

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I think they were German engineers. They actually built scale

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models based on these designs they did.

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Speaker 2: They put small propellers and engines on them, took them

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out to a field and they flew.

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Speaker 1: They flew. They were aerodynamically stable. See ancient aliens. The

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Kimbaya had an airport in the Andes case clothes.

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Speaker 2: Let's look at the cultural context before we start clearing

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a runway. The Kimbaya were master metal workers, and the

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vast majority of their art depicts nature.

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Speaker 1: The animals mostly so the skeptical argument is that these

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are just stylized animals, right.

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Speaker 2: Most archaeologists believe these are highly stylized representations of birds

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or fish or insects, creatures that were common and important

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in their environment.

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Speaker 1: But fish don't have upright tail fins like a rudder,

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and birds don't have wings shaped like that.

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Speaker 2: True, but art is interpretive, it's not always literal. If

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you look at the clecostumus fish, it's a type of

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armored catfish common in Colombian rivers. It has these wide,

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flat pectoral fins that look very wing like. If you

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stylize that and maybe combine it with features from a

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moth or a flying.

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Speaker 1: Beetle, you could end up with something that just happens

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to look like an airplane to us.

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Speaker 2: To our twenty first century eye, which is conditioned to

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sea machines, it's a classic case of peridolia.

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Speaker 1: Peridolia that's the word for seeing familiar patterns where none exist, right,

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like seeing a face on Mars or a bunny in

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the clouds exactly.

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Speaker 2: We live in an age of flight, so we see airplanes.

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A Spanish concissador in the fifteen hundreds would have looked

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at that and just seen a weird bird.

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Speaker 1: I have to admit, though, the aerodynamic coincidence is undeniably

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fun to talk about.

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Speaker 2: Oh, it's a fantastic conversation starter. There's no doubt about it.

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Speaker 1: And speaking of visual coincidences that fuel conspiracy theories, we

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have to touch on the Ebidos carvings, the.

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Speaker 2: Famous helicopter and tank on the temple walls in Egypt.

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Speaker 1: This one is a corner stone of the ancient astronaut theory.

400
00:19:02,319 --> 00:19:04,880
You look at the pictures of these hieroglyphs and you clearly,

401
00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:07,960
without a doubt, see a helicopter and next to it

402
00:19:08,119 --> 00:19:10,519
a tank and maybe a submarine.

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Speaker 2: It's uncanny. It looks like a schematic for a modern

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military arsenal.

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00:19:14,400 --> 00:19:18,480
Speaker 1: It is, until you understand how Egyptian hieroglyphs and pharaohs

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actually worked. This is a perfect example of a palimpsest.

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00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:24,799
Speaker 2: A palimpsest okay unpack that word for us.

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00:19:24,880 --> 00:19:27,640
Speaker 1: It comes from the Greek for scraped clean. It means

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something that's been reused or altered, but it still bears

410
00:19:30,400 --> 00:19:33,480
visible traces of its earlier form, like writing on a

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00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:36,000
piece of parchments. Scraping it off and writing something new

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on top.

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Speaker 2: And in ancient Egypt, pharaohs had massive egos. They were

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constantly erasing the names and titles of their predecessors to

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take credit for their temples and monuments.

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Speaker 1: So just typical politics then, pretty much.

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Speaker 2: In this specific case, at the temple in Abidos, the

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pharaoh city the first had his titles carved deep into

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the stone. Later, his son Rameses, the second, Rameses the Great.

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Speaker 1: Came along, and Rameses was not known for his humility,

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not at all.

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Speaker 2: He had his worker's plaster over his dad's old titles

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and then carve his own names right on top of

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the plaster.

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Speaker 1: Okay, so you have two layers of writing.

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Speaker 2: Exactly, and over thousands of years of sun and wind,

427
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the plaster has fallen off in patches.

428
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Speaker 1: So we are seeing two different sets of hieroglyphs mashed together.

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Speaker 2: You're seeing the ghost of Seti's inscription merging with the

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remaining parts of rameses inscription. The shape that looks like

431
00:20:27,920 --> 00:20:30,519
a helicopter is just the visual noise created by the

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00:20:30,599 --> 00:20:34,119
hieroglyph for who repulses the Nine bows, a title of

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Seti overlapping with the title of Rameses.

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Speaker 1: So it's not a secret fleet of ancient Apache helicopters.

435
00:20:39,839 --> 00:20:41,920
It's just Rameses having an ego trip and trying to

436
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write over his dad's work.

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Speaker 2: It's an accident of erosion, a typo and stone. Essentially

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not a blueprint for time travel.

439
00:20:48,640 --> 00:20:53,519
Speaker 1: And every time science has a perfectly reasonable, if slightly

440
00:20:53,599 --> 00:20:55,519
less exciting explanation.

441
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Speaker 2: It often does, which brings us to a few more

442
00:20:58,440 --> 00:21:03,440
space related mysteries that have similarly earthly explanations or no

443
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explanation at all.

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Speaker 1: Let's talk about the drop of stones.

445
00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:09,559
Speaker 2: Ah, the legend of the discs found in a cave

446
00:21:09,599 --> 00:21:12,720
and Tibet, supposedly telling the story of a spaceship of

447
00:21:12,759 --> 00:21:16,279
aliens called the Droppa that crashed there thousands of years ago.

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Speaker 1: It's a staple of Ufo lore. But the problem is.

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Speaker 2: No one can find them. No museum has ever had

450
00:21:22,440 --> 00:21:27,000
them on display, The supposed discoverer has never been definitively identified.

451
00:21:27,160 --> 00:21:29,960
The location of the cave is a mystery. The artifact

452
00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:33,119
evaporates the moment you try to pin it down physically.

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00:21:32,839 --> 00:21:35,319
Speaker 1: So likely a hoax that got repeated so many times

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it became a legend.

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Speaker 2: Almost certainly a bit like the moonship that UFO hunter

456
00:21:39,839 --> 00:21:40,880
Scott Wearing discovered.

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00:21:41,079 --> 00:21:43,160
Speaker 1: Right. He was looking at NASA photos of the Moon

458
00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:44,319
and spotted something in a.

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Speaker 2: Crater and a crater between von Carmon and Davis and yeah,

460
00:21:47,200 --> 00:21:49,279
he found a shape that he claims looks like a

461
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metallic transformer like ship.

462
00:21:51,359 --> 00:21:54,079
Speaker 1: And he even speculated it could be salvaged. I love

463
00:21:54,119 --> 00:21:56,720
the optimism. Just give me a tow truck in a spacesuit.

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I can fix her up and we can use it

465
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to get to Mars.

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Speaker 2: It's almost certainly just a rock formation with unusual lighting

467
00:22:02,119 --> 00:22:05,640
and shadows, another case of peridolia. But it speaks to

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00:22:05,680 --> 00:22:09,440
that deep human desire to find proof that we're not alone.

469
00:22:09,440 --> 00:22:11,799
Speaker 1: Fair enough. But you know what doesn't evaporate when you

470
00:22:11,799 --> 00:22:16,160
look for it, actual space rocks, Because we do have

471
00:22:16,279 --> 00:22:19,519
artifacts that are genuinely one hundred percent from the stars.

472
00:22:19,559 --> 00:22:22,799
Speaker 2: And this is where science fiction becomes science fact and where.

473
00:22:22,599 --> 00:22:26,319
Speaker 1: We get into one of my favorite topics, weaponizing space.

474
00:22:26,480 --> 00:22:29,240
Speaker 2: This is where science confirms the legend. Just in twenty

475
00:22:29,240 --> 00:22:32,559
twenty three, researchers published a paper analyzing a bronze age

476
00:22:32,680 --> 00:22:35,559
arrowhead was found years ago in Switzerland near Lake.

477
00:22:35,359 --> 00:22:38,240
Speaker 1: Beale and it dates back to around the ninth century BCE.

478
00:22:38,640 --> 00:22:40,559
Speaker 2: Now you have to remember this is the Bronze Age.

479
00:22:40,799 --> 00:22:43,920
Humans didn't have the smelting technology to get iron from

480
00:22:43,960 --> 00:22:46,640
ore out of the ground. Yet iron working was not

481
00:22:46,759 --> 00:22:47,079
a thing.

482
00:22:47,599 --> 00:22:49,599
Speaker 1: So how is the arrowhead made of iron?

483
00:22:49,799 --> 00:22:53,039
Speaker 2: It's not normal iron, it's meteoric iron. It's a natural

484
00:22:53,079 --> 00:22:56,480
alloy of iron, nickel, and cobalt that comes from an asteroid.

485
00:22:56,799 --> 00:23:00,799
Speaker 1: So three thousand years ago, someone in Switzerland found a

486
00:23:00,920 --> 00:23:04,119
rock that had fallen from space, realized it was a

487
00:23:04,160 --> 00:23:07,440
strange new type of metal, probably heavier and shinier than

488
00:23:07,480 --> 00:23:10,799
anything they'd ever seen, and they forged it into a weapon.

489
00:23:11,039 --> 00:23:13,519
Speaker 2: That is exactly what happened. That is metal in every

490
00:23:13,559 --> 00:23:14,160
sense of the word.

491
00:23:14,279 --> 00:23:16,079
Speaker 1: But it gets even more interesting, doesn't it, Because they

492
00:23:16,119 --> 00:23:18,079
analyzed the chemical signature.

493
00:23:17,759 --> 00:23:21,440
Speaker 2: They did, and the specific mix of iron, nickel and

494
00:23:21,519 --> 00:23:25,079
other trace elements didn't match any known meteorite sites in

495
00:23:25,279 --> 00:23:27,799
or around Switzerland, but it was a perfect match for

496
00:23:28,000 --> 00:23:29,599
one specific crater.

497
00:23:29,720 --> 00:23:32,359
Speaker 1: The Kahali Crater in Estonia. So that's a long way

498
00:23:32,359 --> 00:23:33,680
from Switzerland.

499
00:23:33,160 --> 00:23:37,160
Speaker 2: About sixteen hundred kilometers or one thousand miles. This one

500
00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:41,759
little arrowhead implies a vast trade network moving space metal

501
00:23:41,920 --> 00:23:44,960
across Europe, long before the Iron Age properly began.

502
00:23:45,160 --> 00:23:47,799
Speaker 1: This material must have been viewed as magical, a gift

503
00:23:47,839 --> 00:23:48,559
from the gods.

504
00:23:48,680 --> 00:23:50,880
Speaker 2: It would have been rarer and more precious than gold.

505
00:23:50,920 --> 00:23:52,839
An arrowhead made from a star would have been the

506
00:23:52,880 --> 00:23:53,960
excaler of its day.

507
00:23:54,240 --> 00:23:56,359
Speaker 1: But not all gifts from the gods are good news.

508
00:23:56,799 --> 00:23:59,720
Let's talk about one. Space attacks the Karuncus meteorite in

509
00:23:59,759 --> 00:24:02,240
per True, this wasn't ancient history.

510
00:24:02,200 --> 00:24:04,839
Speaker 2: No, this is very recent. Two thousand and seven, a

511
00:24:04,880 --> 00:24:09,480
fireball streaks across the sky near Lake Titikaka, slams into

512
00:24:09,519 --> 00:24:13,279
the ground. It leaves a crater. The impact makes the

513
00:24:13,319 --> 00:24:15,559
groundwater in the crater literally boil.

514
00:24:15,440 --> 00:24:17,720
Speaker 1: And then the local villagers, who are curious, go to

515
00:24:17,799 --> 00:24:20,680
look at it, and they start getting sick, very.

516
00:24:20,519 --> 00:24:24,680
Speaker 2: Sick, nausea, vomiting, headaches, diarrhea. Around six hundred people.

517
00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:27,200
Speaker 1: Fell ill, and for a while nobody knew why was

518
00:24:27,240 --> 00:24:29,559
it radiation from the meteor Was it some kind of

519
00:24:29,599 --> 00:24:31,119
alien virus that brought with it?

520
00:24:31,359 --> 00:24:32,559
Speaker 2: Please don't say alien virus.

521
00:24:32,599 --> 00:24:33,680
Speaker 1: It's always a possibility.

522
00:24:33,799 --> 00:24:37,480
Speaker 2: The leading theory is much more mundane, but just as dangerous.

523
00:24:37,759 --> 00:24:39,880
It was likely arsenic poisoning.

524
00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:41,000
Speaker 1: From the meteorite sort of.

525
00:24:41,400 --> 00:24:43,960
Speaker 2: The meteorite itself was a stony chondrite, which can contain

526
00:24:44,039 --> 00:24:47,880
some nasty compounds, but more importantly, the local groundwater in

527
00:24:47,920 --> 00:24:51,079
that region is naturally rich in arsenic. The theory is

528
00:24:51,119 --> 00:24:54,240
that the intense heat of the impact vaporized that arsenic

529
00:24:54,319 --> 00:24:57,680
rich water, creating a cloud of toxic steam that the

530
00:24:57,759 --> 00:24:58,759
villagers inhaled.

531
00:24:58,920 --> 00:25:02,519
Speaker 1: So the meteorite basically weaponized the local water supply against

532
00:25:02,559 --> 00:25:03,880
the town. That's just tosstil.

533
00:25:04,039 --> 00:25:06,319
Speaker 2: Space is a dangerous place, even when it lands in

534
00:25:06,359 --> 00:25:07,000
your backyard.

535
00:25:07,240 --> 00:25:12,799
Speaker 1: But sometimes the impact craters leave behind incredible treasures. We

536
00:25:12,880 --> 00:25:15,480
have to talk about the Popake Eye crater in Siberia.

537
00:25:15,079 --> 00:25:18,599
Speaker 2: A truly massive impact site from about thirty five million

538
00:25:18,680 --> 00:25:22,119
years ago. The asteroid that hit there was huge, and

539
00:25:22,160 --> 00:25:24,839
it had the good fortune or bad fortune, depending on

540
00:25:24,880 --> 00:25:28,240
your perspective, to land directly on a massive deposit of

541
00:25:28,400 --> 00:25:29,400
pure graphite.

542
00:25:29,440 --> 00:25:32,319
Speaker 1: And graphite is just carbon, and when you squeeze carbon

543
00:25:32,400 --> 00:25:34,960
under immense pressure and heat, you get diamonds.

544
00:25:35,079 --> 00:25:38,119
Speaker 2: In this case impact diamonds. We're not talking about a handful,

545
00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:42,240
We're talking about trillions of carrots and almost inexhaustible supply.

546
00:25:42,920 --> 00:25:45,799
They're also harder than normal diamonds, which makes them perfect

547
00:25:45,839 --> 00:25:47,680
for industrial cutting and drilling tools.

548
00:25:47,880 --> 00:25:51,400
Speaker 1: And Russia kept this deposit a secret for decades, right

549
00:25:51,440 --> 00:25:52,319
during the Soviet era.

550
00:25:52,519 --> 00:25:54,400
Speaker 2: They did it was a strategic national reserve.

551
00:25:54,599 --> 00:25:58,160
Speaker 1: And then there's the Morokuan Crater in South Africa, which

552
00:25:58,200 --> 00:25:59,400
has a different kind of treasure.

553
00:25:59,559 --> 00:26:02,720
Speaker 2: This one is a real puzzle for physicists. Scientists were

554
00:26:02,799 --> 00:26:07,119
drilling deep into this buried crater and they found pieces

555
00:26:07,119 --> 00:26:08,119
of the original.

556
00:26:07,720 --> 00:26:09,319
Speaker 1: Asteroid, which shouldn't happen.

557
00:26:09,640 --> 00:26:13,200
Speaker 2: It really shouldn't. The energy of an impact that large

558
00:26:13,519 --> 00:26:18,480
should vaporize the projectile instantly. But somehow these fragments, some

559
00:26:18,640 --> 00:26:21,359
the size of beach balls, survived the impact and were

560
00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:25,960
sealed deep underground. It completely challenges our models of impact physics.

561
00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:29,480
Speaker 1: It's amazing. We think of the Earth as this closed system,

562
00:26:29,559 --> 00:26:32,920
but we are constantly being bombarded, constantly interacting with the universe.

563
00:26:33,119 --> 00:26:36,359
Sometimes we get diamonds, sometimes we get poisoned, sometimes we

564
00:26:36,400 --> 00:26:37,559
get magic arrowheads.

565
00:26:37,640 --> 00:26:39,960
Speaker 2: It connects us to the much bigger picture of the cosmos.

566
00:26:40,039 --> 00:26:41,839
Speaker 1: All right, let's bring it back down to Earth for

567
00:26:41,880 --> 00:26:45,319
our next section, and I mean under the Earth into

568
00:26:45,359 --> 00:26:49,079
the dark. We're moving into the macabre, the cursed, and

569
00:26:49,119 --> 00:26:50,400
the so called magic.

570
00:26:50,799 --> 00:26:53,279
Speaker 2: This is the section where we see how ancient people

571
00:26:53,319 --> 00:26:55,759
dealt with fear, because you have to remember the ancient

572
00:26:55,759 --> 00:27:01,160
world was a terrifying place. Disease, war, childbirths, spirits. You

573
00:27:01,240 --> 00:27:04,000
had very little control over your own survival.

574
00:27:03,519 --> 00:27:05,920
Speaker 1: And you can see that terror in objects like the

575
00:27:05,960 --> 00:27:07,680
demon traps of Mesopotamia.

576
00:27:07,799 --> 00:27:10,920
Speaker 2: These are simple clay bowls found buried upside down under

577
00:27:10,960 --> 00:27:13,640
the floors of ordinary houses in what is now a rock.

578
00:27:14,319 --> 00:27:16,680
They date from the six to eighth centuries.

579
00:27:16,480 --> 00:27:18,480
Speaker 1: And if you look at them, they have writing on

580
00:27:18,559 --> 00:27:21,119
them spiraling from the center outwards right.

581
00:27:21,359 --> 00:27:24,640
Speaker 2: It's usually Aramaic, and it's a curse, a binding spell.

582
00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:27,079
Speaker 1: And the purpose why bury it upside down.

583
00:27:27,119 --> 00:27:30,799
Speaker 2: To catch demons. The idea was that a demon, specifically

584
00:27:30,880 --> 00:27:32,960
a demon is like Lilith, who is believed to threaten

585
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:36,440
pregnant women and newborn children, would be drawn to the bowl.

586
00:27:36,759 --> 00:27:39,920
It would start to read the incantation, follow the spiral

587
00:27:39,960 --> 00:27:40,799
text into the.

588
00:27:40,759 --> 00:27:44,319
Speaker 1: Center, and get trapped underneath the bowl is the trap exactly.

589
00:27:44,640 --> 00:27:48,039
Speaker 2: It's chilling because it's so personal. These aren't grand artifacts

590
00:27:48,079 --> 00:27:52,039
from a king's tomb These are regular people terrified that

591
00:27:52,119 --> 00:27:54,440
invisible monsters are coming in the night to steal their

592
00:27:54,519 --> 00:27:55,319
children's breath.

593
00:27:55,440 --> 00:27:58,480
Speaker 1: So they hire a local sorcerer to write a curse

594
00:27:58,599 --> 00:28:01,359
on a ten cent bowl and they bury it under

595
00:28:01,359 --> 00:28:04,599
the living room floor as a supernatural security system.

596
00:28:04,799 --> 00:28:07,400
Speaker 2: It humanizes them in a powerful way. We often look

597
00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:10,079
at history as a series of wars and kings, but

598
00:28:10,160 --> 00:28:12,240
this is a parent trying to protect their family from

599
00:28:12,319 --> 00:28:12,759
the dark.

600
00:28:13,319 --> 00:28:16,400
Speaker 1: The fear is tangible, and sometimes that fear turns into

601
00:28:16,440 --> 00:28:20,519
proactive aggression. Let's talk about the cursed tablets.

602
00:28:20,319 --> 00:28:23,680
Speaker 2: A common practice across the ancient world. Actually, we have

603
00:28:23,720 --> 00:28:27,079
a recently analyzed one from a mount Eball in Israel.

604
00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:30,160
Speaker 1: This one is tiny, right, It's a folded lead tablet, so.

605
00:28:30,119 --> 00:28:32,440
Speaker 2: Small and fragile can't be unfolded. They had to use

606
00:28:32,480 --> 00:28:35,839
a tumographic scan like a medical CT scan to read

607
00:28:35,839 --> 00:28:38,839
what was written on the inside, and the text cursed, cursed,

608
00:28:39,119 --> 00:28:40,119
cursed by the God.

609
00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:42,279
Speaker 1: Yahweh subtle I like it.

610
00:28:42,279 --> 00:28:44,599
Speaker 2: It's believed it might be part of a curse ceremony

611
00:28:44,680 --> 00:28:47,920
described in the Bible, and it potentially dates to twelve

612
00:28:48,039 --> 00:28:51,680
hundred fourteen hundred BCE, which would make it one of

613
00:28:51,680 --> 00:28:55,160
the earliest, if not the earliest Hebrew texts ever found.

614
00:28:55,319 --> 00:28:57,440
Speaker 1: So one of our first examples of Hebrew writing is

615
00:28:57,480 --> 00:28:59,400
basically a divine restraining order.

616
00:28:59,599 --> 00:29:02,519
Speaker 2: It shows that the concept of invoking divine wrath against

617
00:29:02,559 --> 00:29:04,400
your enemies is very, very old.

618
00:29:04,599 --> 00:29:07,039
Speaker 1: And then there's the Roman curse of jewelry. They found

619
00:29:07,079 --> 00:29:10,160
in a grave in Frankfurt, a little gold scroll inside

620
00:29:10,160 --> 00:29:11,000
a lead capsule.

621
00:29:11,279 --> 00:29:14,079
Speaker 2: This one has a fascinating twist. Usually curse tablets are

622
00:29:14,119 --> 00:29:16,000
hidden away, you throw them down a well, or you

623
00:29:16,039 --> 00:29:18,200
put them in the grave of a stranger, sending them

624
00:29:18,200 --> 00:29:21,960
to the underworld to do your bidding. But this one

625
00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:24,359
was found with the body, and it seems the owner

626
00:29:24,400 --> 00:29:24,799
wore it.

627
00:29:24,920 --> 00:29:27,640
Speaker 1: They wore the curse like a necklace exactly.

628
00:29:27,839 --> 00:29:30,240
Speaker 2: They were the curse against their enemy around their own neck.

629
00:29:30,799 --> 00:29:33,200
It was a curse against a man and woman, Pancreatius

630
00:29:33,240 --> 00:29:36,599
and Selenius, invoking the goddess prosser Pina to bind them.

631
00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:39,680
Speaker 1: It's like carrying a loaded spiritual gun. It's not a

632
00:29:39,720 --> 00:29:42,039
passive curse you send away, it's an active one you

633
00:29:42,119 --> 00:29:42,559
keep with you.

634
00:29:42,759 --> 00:29:44,440
Speaker 2: I'm going to ruin your life, and I'm going to

635
00:29:44,519 --> 00:29:47,039
wear the receipt around my neck until it's done. It

636
00:29:47,079 --> 00:29:51,319
speaks to a very active, almost combat ready form of

637
00:29:51,400 --> 00:29:53,119
personal magic. Wow.

638
00:29:53,359 --> 00:29:56,119
Speaker 1: Okay, now let's talk about a sound that echoes through time.

639
00:29:56,519 --> 00:29:58,240
The bone whistle of a Marna.

640
00:29:58,319 --> 00:30:00,720
Speaker 2: This was found in a Marna, the city built by

641
00:30:00,720 --> 00:30:04,319
the Heretic pharaoh Akinatum, and it's carved from the towbone

642
00:30:04,319 --> 00:30:04,799
of a cow.

643
00:30:05,000 --> 00:30:06,759
Speaker 1: A cow too classy.

644
00:30:07,039 --> 00:30:09,440
Speaker 2: When archaeologists made replicas and tried to play it, it

645
00:30:09,440 --> 00:30:12,920
didn't make a musical note. It made a screaming, piercing,

646
00:30:13,359 --> 00:30:14,759
deeply unpleasant noise.

647
00:30:14,880 --> 00:30:17,400
Speaker 1: Yikes. So not for the royal.

648
00:30:17,240 --> 00:30:21,000
Speaker 2: Orchestra, definitely not. It was almost certainly a police or

649
00:30:21,079 --> 00:30:24,000
guard whistle. It was found near the barracks area, and

650
00:30:24,079 --> 00:30:26,359
it was likely used to control the thousands of workers

651
00:30:26,400 --> 00:30:28,319
who were building the sacred tombs and temples.

652
00:30:28,519 --> 00:30:31,400
Speaker 1: So you're a worker, maybe a slave. You're out in

653
00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:34,400
the hot sun hauling stone blocks to build a tomb

654
00:30:34,400 --> 00:30:36,759
for the pharaoh, and you hear that scream cut through

655
00:30:36,799 --> 00:30:37,160
the air.

656
00:30:37,319 --> 00:30:40,400
Speaker 2: It's the sound of authority, the sound of stop what

657
00:30:40,480 --> 00:30:43,319
you were doing, or get back to work. It brings

658
00:30:43,359 --> 00:30:46,680
the police state of ancient Egypt to life in a way.

659
00:30:46,759 --> 00:30:50,559
A statue or a carving never could sound is a

660
00:30:50,599 --> 00:30:51,759
powerful time traveler.

661
00:30:51,839 --> 00:30:54,519
Speaker 1: And if we're talking about authority and fear, we have

662
00:30:54,640 --> 00:30:57,960
to talk about the Aztec skullrack, the hueyes on Puntley.

663
00:30:58,240 --> 00:31:00,680
Speaker 2: This is an artifact that forces us to confront the

664
00:31:00,720 --> 00:31:01,599
brutality of the.

665
00:31:01,559 --> 00:31:05,880
Speaker 1: Past because for centuries historians thought the Spanish conquistadors were

666
00:31:06,000 --> 00:31:08,839
lying about this. They wrote these letters back to Spain

667
00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:11,839
saying we saw a tower made of skulls, thousands and

668
00:31:11,960 --> 00:31:13,240
thousands of them.

669
00:31:13,039 --> 00:31:16,839
Speaker 2: And modern historians for a long time said, okay, calm down, Cortez,

670
00:31:17,160 --> 00:31:19,319
you're just trying to make the Aztecs look like savages

671
00:31:19,359 --> 00:31:22,519
to justify your conquest. It was dismissed as war propaganda,

672
00:31:22,599 --> 00:31:26,640
the Black Legend. Exactly until twenty fifteen. Archaeologists in Mexico

673
00:31:26,680 --> 00:31:29,799
City were doing routine excavation near the Temple mayor, the

674
00:31:29,839 --> 00:31:32,400
main Aztec temple, and they hit bone.

675
00:31:32,119 --> 00:31:34,759
Speaker 1: And not just a mass grave. They found structure. They

676
00:31:34,759 --> 00:31:35,759
found engineering.

677
00:31:35,960 --> 00:31:39,240
Speaker 2: This wasn't a pile of skulls, this was a construction.

678
00:31:40,240 --> 00:31:42,640
They had drilled holes through the sides of the skulls

679
00:31:42,680 --> 00:31:46,720
and slid them onto massive wooden cross beams like beads

680
00:31:46,720 --> 00:31:48,039
on an abacus to form the.

681
00:31:48,039 --> 00:31:50,000
Speaker 1: Rack, and then they made towers out of them.

682
00:31:50,279 --> 00:31:53,400
Speaker 2: For the towers, they mortared the skulls together using lime

683
00:31:53,440 --> 00:31:57,119
and sand, and they arranged them with the faces pointing inward,

684
00:31:57,599 --> 00:31:59,799
creating this horrifying cylindrical wall.

685
00:32:00,519 --> 00:32:03,160
Speaker 1: Try to imagine the smell. Try to imagine the sound

686
00:32:03,160 --> 00:32:05,000
of the wind moving through the eye socket.

687
00:32:05,160 --> 00:32:08,680
Speaker 2: That's the point. It was psychological warfare. The Aztecs were

688
00:32:08,799 --> 00:32:11,920
masters of political theater. If you were diplomat from a

689
00:32:11,960 --> 00:32:15,599
neighboring tribe and you were thinking about rebelling against the Aztec.

690
00:32:15,279 --> 00:32:17,519
Speaker 1: Camberg, you'd invite you to the capital, to Nuktatlin.

691
00:32:17,720 --> 00:32:20,440
Speaker 2: He'd give you a nice dinner, show you the floating gardens,

692
00:32:20,920 --> 00:32:21,880
and then he would walk you.

693
00:32:21,839 --> 00:32:24,559
Speaker 1: Past this rack and you're looking at the decomposing heads

694
00:32:24,599 --> 00:32:26,400
of the last guys who tried to rebel.

695
00:32:26,599 --> 00:32:30,480
Speaker 2: You were looking at one hundred and thirty thousand predecessors, men, women,

696
00:32:30,640 --> 00:32:34,160
and even children. The message wasn't just we will defeat you.

697
00:32:34,440 --> 00:32:36,759
The message was we don't just kill you. We turn

698
00:32:36,799 --> 00:32:40,920
your people into architecture. It is the ultimate projection of power.

699
00:32:41,240 --> 00:32:45,119
Speaker 1: It's pure high octane nightmare fuel. It forces us to

700
00:32:45,160 --> 00:32:49,000
realize that civilization in the ancient world often ran on

701
00:32:49,039 --> 00:32:51,359
a level of brutality that is hard for us to

702
00:32:51,400 --> 00:32:52,200
even comprehend.

703
00:32:52,359 --> 00:32:55,359
Speaker 2: It is brutal, but history is also filled with incredible

704
00:32:55,359 --> 00:32:58,799
beauty and resilience, which brings us to our next thread,

705
00:32:59,400 --> 00:33:01,279
Lost city and hidden gold.

706
00:33:01,559 --> 00:33:04,599
Speaker 1: Yes, let's get to the treasure. And I absolutely love

707
00:33:04,759 --> 00:33:07,839
the story of the Afghan Hill of Gold Tilia Tepe.

708
00:33:08,400 --> 00:33:10,079
Speaker 2: This is a story that sounds like it was written

709
00:33:10,119 --> 00:33:13,119
for a movie. In nineteen seventy eight, a team of

710
00:33:13,200 --> 00:33:18,240
Soviet archaeologists find this incredible horde twenty thousand gold objects

711
00:33:18,240 --> 00:33:20,480
in six royal tombs in Afghanistan.

712
00:33:20,599 --> 00:33:22,559
Speaker 1: And it wasn't just gold, it was the style. It

713
00:33:22,599 --> 00:33:26,039
was a blend of Greek, Roman, Chinese, Indian influences. It

714
00:33:26,079 --> 00:33:29,680
was physical proof that Afghanistan was the true crossroads of

715
00:33:29,680 --> 00:33:30,519
the ancient.

716
00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:33,559
Speaker 2: World, a melting pot of cultures. But then the world

717
00:33:33,559 --> 00:33:36,839
falls apart. The Soviets invade Afghanistan in nineteen seventy nine,

718
00:33:36,920 --> 00:33:39,759
civil war breaks out, the Taliban rises to power. The

719
00:33:39,839 --> 00:33:42,759
National Museum in Kabul is looted and destroyed.

720
00:33:42,319 --> 00:33:45,039
Speaker 1: And everyone assumes that Tilia Tepe gold is gone, melted

721
00:33:45,079 --> 00:33:47,440
down into bullioned by guns, lost forever.

722
00:33:47,640 --> 00:33:50,279
Speaker 2: But it wasn't. In nineteen eighty nine, just before the

723
00:33:50,279 --> 00:33:54,400
government collapsed, a few brave museum officials secretly moved the treasure.

724
00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:57,240
They took it to a vault in the Central Bank

725
00:33:57,519 --> 00:33:59,000
beneath the presidential Palace.

726
00:33:59,319 --> 00:34:03,240
Speaker 1: And here's the sinate part. The vault required five keys

727
00:34:03,279 --> 00:34:04,079
to open.

728
00:34:04,079 --> 00:34:08,199
Speaker 2: Five separate keys, and they were entrusted to five different individuals,

729
00:34:08,239 --> 00:34:12,119
the key holders. Their identities were a state secret.

730
00:34:11,800 --> 00:34:14,320
Speaker 1: And these five people kept that secret through the entire

731
00:34:14,320 --> 00:34:16,920
civil war and then through the entire Taliban regime.

732
00:34:17,280 --> 00:34:19,760
Speaker 2: If the Taliban had known they had those keys, they

733
00:34:19,800 --> 00:34:22,599
would have been tortured and killed, and the treasure itself,

734
00:34:22,800 --> 00:34:26,280
which they viewed as idolatrous heart, would have been destroyed instantly.

735
00:34:26,400 --> 00:34:28,880
Speaker 1: Talk about pressure. You're holding a key in your pocket

736
00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:31,679
that represents your entire country's ancient history, and if you

737
00:34:31,719 --> 00:34:32,639
get caught, you die.

738
00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:35,599
Speaker 2: And they did it. They kept the secret. In two

739
00:34:35,639 --> 00:34:38,800
thousand and three, after the Taliban fell, the new government

740
00:34:38,840 --> 00:34:42,199
gathered the surviving keyholders, They brought the five keys together,

741
00:34:42,519 --> 00:34:46,239
they opened the vault and there it was, all twenty

742
00:34:46,320 --> 00:34:48,079
thousand pieces safe.

743
00:34:48,280 --> 00:34:51,079
Speaker 1: That is just an incredible story of courage, a literal

744
00:34:51,119 --> 00:34:52,800
fellowship of the ring or the keys.

745
00:34:53,079 --> 00:34:57,360
Speaker 2: It shows that people value heritage, our shared history, enough

746
00:34:57,360 --> 00:34:58,679
to risk their lives for.

747
00:34:58,599 --> 00:35:02,280
Speaker 1: It, from hidden vaults to hidden jungles. Let's talk about

748
00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:06,360
light ar, because this technology is changing everything we thought

749
00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:08,039
we knew about the ancient world.

750
00:35:08,199 --> 00:35:10,440
Speaker 2: It's like we've suddenly been given X ray vision for

751
00:35:10,519 --> 00:35:14,679
the entire planet. LIGHTAR stands for like detection and ranging.

752
00:35:15,360 --> 00:35:18,360
A plane or a drone flies over the jungle, firing

753
00:35:18,400 --> 00:35:20,800
millions of laser pulses per second at the ground.

754
00:35:21,039 --> 00:35:22,920
Speaker 1: Most of the pulses bounce off the leaves of.

755
00:35:22,840 --> 00:35:25,559
Speaker 2: The trees right, but a few find a way through

756
00:35:25,599 --> 00:35:28,039
the gaps and hit the actual earth. The computer then

757
00:35:28,079 --> 00:35:30,760
filters out all the tree data, all the vegetation, and

758
00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:33,400
it digitally strips away the canopy, leaving.

759
00:35:33,199 --> 00:35:35,119
Speaker 1: You with a perfect three D map of the ground

760
00:35:35,119 --> 00:35:38,440
contours underneath. And it is finding cities everywhere.

761
00:35:38,079 --> 00:35:40,400
Speaker 2: Especially in the Amazon. We used to think the Amazon

762
00:35:40,480 --> 00:35:46,000
was just wild, pristine jungle, incapable of supporting large, complex civilizations.

763
00:35:46,199 --> 00:35:48,920
Speaker 1: We were so wrong. In twenty fifteen, they found the

764
00:35:48,960 --> 00:35:52,079
City of the Jaguar, also called the White City in Honduras,

765
00:35:52,599 --> 00:35:56,519
Caches of stone sculptures left completely undisturbed for centuries.

766
00:35:56,960 --> 00:36:00,480
Speaker 2: And then just this year twenty twenty four, discovery of

767
00:36:00,519 --> 00:36:02,639
a site called Valeriana in Brazil.

768
00:36:02,920 --> 00:36:05,639
Speaker 1: And this one is almost embarrassing for the professional explorers.

769
00:36:05,800 --> 00:36:08,800
It was found by a graduate student, Luke alt Thomas, and.

770
00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:10,760
Speaker 2: He wasn't even on an expedition. He was just looking

771
00:36:10,800 --> 00:36:14,760
at publicly available forest health data on his laptop, open

772
00:36:14,800 --> 00:36:17,920
source light bar scans, and he realized he wasn't looking

773
00:36:17,960 --> 00:36:20,320
at natural hills. He was looking at a city.

774
00:36:20,199 --> 00:36:23,719
Speaker 1: A massive city, a network of towns and villages connected

775
00:36:23,719 --> 00:36:26,360
by roads the size of San Francisco.

776
00:36:26,039 --> 00:36:31,920
Speaker 2: Six thousand structures, pyramids, ball courts, huge plazas, reservoirs. It

777
00:36:31,960 --> 00:36:34,199
was hidden in plain sight in the data all along.

778
00:36:34,480 --> 00:36:36,760
Speaker 1: It suggests that the Amazon was home to millions of

779
00:36:36,760 --> 00:36:40,880
people living in complex urban societies, actively managing the forest

780
00:36:40,920 --> 00:36:43,039
in ways we are just beginning to understand.

781
00:36:43,119 --> 00:36:45,840
Speaker 2: The entire history of the Americas is being rewritten by

782
00:36:45,880 --> 00:36:47,159
these lasers.

783
00:36:46,679 --> 00:36:49,360
Speaker 1: And the discoveries aren't just in the jungle. Also in

784
00:36:49,400 --> 00:36:52,480
twenty twenty four, a tomb in Panama, the Lord.

785
00:36:52,199 --> 00:36:55,960
Speaker 2: Of the Flutes, a spectacular find, a chieftain buried around

786
00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:59,119
twelve hundred years ago with a horde of gold, grave goods,

787
00:36:59,400 --> 00:37:02,440
gold bell, crocodile shape, earrings, bracelets.

788
00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:03,400
Speaker 1: And the skirt. You have to mention the skirt.

789
00:37:03,559 --> 00:37:06,800
Speaker 2: Wow, yes, the skirt made of dog teeth.

790
00:37:06,960 --> 00:37:08,639
Speaker 1: Dog teeth, I mean I have a dog. I love

791
00:37:08,639 --> 00:37:10,880
my dog, But wearing a skirt made of their teeth,

792
00:37:11,239 --> 00:37:12,800
that is a fashion choice.

793
00:37:12,960 --> 00:37:16,960
Speaker 2: It likely signifies hunting prowess or high status. But it's

794
00:37:17,000 --> 00:37:19,400
also important to note he was buried with thirty one

795
00:37:19,519 --> 00:37:24,199
sacrificial victims. So again, that line between magnificent and macabre

796
00:37:24,199 --> 00:37:26,159
in archaeology is very very thin.

797
00:37:26,280 --> 00:37:29,239
Speaker 1: And finally, for the section the Mysteries that are Underwater,

798
00:37:29,840 --> 00:37:31,559
the city of Heracleon.

799
00:37:31,159 --> 00:37:33,920
Speaker 2: Also known as Thanis It was the port of entry

800
00:37:33,920 --> 00:37:37,480
to Egypt before Alexandria was built, a city of massive temples,

801
00:37:37,519 --> 00:37:39,360
trade and religious festivals.

802
00:37:39,320 --> 00:37:41,599
Speaker 1: And then it vanished, swallowed by the sea.

803
00:37:41,679 --> 00:37:44,599
Speaker 2: The current theory is soil liquefaction. It was built on

804
00:37:44,760 --> 00:37:47,639
unstable silt at the mouth of the Nile. An earthquake

805
00:37:47,719 --> 00:37:49,880
or a tsunami could have literally turned the ground to

806
00:37:49,920 --> 00:37:52,079
liquid into the immense weight of the temples, and the

807
00:37:52,079 --> 00:37:53,639
whole city just sank into the mud.

808
00:37:53,719 --> 00:37:57,320
Speaker 1: And the imagery from the underwater excavations is haunting divers

809
00:37:57,360 --> 00:38:00,800
going down and finding these colossal, sixteen foot statues of

810
00:38:00,800 --> 00:38:03,559
pharaohs and gods lying on the seafloor.

811
00:38:03,280 --> 00:38:08,079
Speaker 2: Headless statues, gold coins scattered in the sand, perfectly preserved sphinxes.

812
00:38:08,559 --> 00:38:11,480
It's a time capsule of disaster. It's a powerful reminder

813
00:38:11,760 --> 00:38:16,119
that our geography isn't permanent. Cities can sink, coastlines change.

814
00:38:16,320 --> 00:38:20,199
We think our world is solid, but Heracleon proves it isn't.

815
00:38:20,400 --> 00:38:22,199
Speaker 1: Okay, let's get a little more personal. Let's move from

816
00:38:22,239 --> 00:38:26,280
cities to bodies, the biological shocks that challenge our assumptions.

817
00:38:26,599 --> 00:38:30,079
Speaker 2: This is where science can really overturn long held beliefs

818
00:38:30,440 --> 00:38:33,960
about identity and family. A perfect example is the two

819
00:38:34,000 --> 00:38:35,960
brothers mummies from Egypt.

820
00:38:35,760 --> 00:38:39,559
Speaker 1: Right, found in a Middle Kingdom tomb near Cairo, buried

821
00:38:39,559 --> 00:38:43,400
together in beautifully decorated coffins, look like they were close relatives.

822
00:38:43,519 --> 00:38:47,000
Speaker 2: Everyone assumed they were brothers. They were even nicknamed Comnacht

823
00:38:47,320 --> 00:38:50,519
and Knockdank. The inscription suggested that they had the same mother,

824
00:38:50,960 --> 00:38:54,480
but when their DNA was finally analyzed, it twist, huge twist.

825
00:38:54,719 --> 00:38:57,079
They weren't brothers. They weren't even related on their mother's side.

826
00:38:57,079 --> 00:39:00,920
They had different mothers, and what's more, their DNA showed

827
00:39:00,960 --> 00:39:03,840
one was of Egyptian or leven Tine descent and the

828
00:39:03,880 --> 00:39:07,480
other had Nubian ancestry from further south in Africa.

829
00:39:07,559 --> 00:39:10,559
Speaker 1: So why were they buried together in this magnificent tomb

830
00:39:10,639 --> 00:39:11,440
called brothers?

831
00:39:11,960 --> 00:39:15,159
Speaker 2: That's the million dollar question. Where the adopted brothers? Were

832
00:39:15,199 --> 00:39:18,639
they very close friends who considered themselves brothers? Were they lovers?

833
00:39:19,079 --> 00:39:22,920
It challenges all our strict ideas about race, kinship, and

834
00:39:23,000 --> 00:39:25,039
family structures in ancient Egypt.

835
00:39:25,440 --> 00:39:28,880
Speaker 1: It suggests that society was perhaps more integrated than we thought,

836
00:39:29,079 --> 00:39:31,639
and that family was something you could choose, not just

837
00:39:31,639 --> 00:39:34,599
something you were born into. Exactly now, from the poignant

838
00:39:34,679 --> 00:39:38,880
to the truly bizarre, we promised foreskins and we deliver.

839
00:39:39,360 --> 00:39:41,559
We have to talk about the Holy.

840
00:39:41,280 --> 00:39:44,519
Speaker 2: Foreskin, or as it's known, the Holy prepus, and it

841
00:39:44,519 --> 00:39:48,119
really should be plural foreskins size. Yes, this is one

842
00:39:48,119 --> 00:39:50,599
of the strangest chapters in the history of Christian relics.

843
00:39:51,159 --> 00:39:53,480
At the peak of relic veneration in the Middle Ages,

844
00:39:53,880 --> 00:39:58,280
there were reportedly eighteen different churches across Europe, all claiming

845
00:39:58,320 --> 00:40:00,760
to possess the one and old only foreskin.

846
00:40:00,800 --> 00:40:04,360
Speaker 1: Of Jesus eighteen. I'm no theologian, but I'm pretty sure

847
00:40:04,400 --> 00:40:05,840
the math does not check out there.

848
00:40:06,000 --> 00:40:10,119
Speaker 2: The theology got very, very complicated. Medieval scholars wrote entire

849
00:40:10,159 --> 00:40:13,880
treatises debating it. If Jesus ascended bodily into heaven, did

850
00:40:13,960 --> 00:40:16,760
all of his body parts ascend too? But he lost

851
00:40:16,800 --> 00:40:20,239
the foreskin as a baby during his circumcision, so did

852
00:40:20,239 --> 00:40:21,079
that stay on earth?

853
00:40:21,320 --> 00:40:23,800
Speaker 1: Just wow, the questions they spent time on.

854
00:40:24,559 --> 00:40:26,400
Speaker 2: The most famous one was kept in the town of

855
00:40:26,440 --> 00:40:29,599
Calcutta in Italy. It was paraded through the streets on

856
00:40:29,639 --> 00:40:33,039
a special feast day every single year until nineteen eighty three.

857
00:40:33,119 --> 00:40:34,599
Speaker 1: What happened in nineteen eighty three?

858
00:40:34,679 --> 00:40:38,119
Speaker 2: It was stolen, just vanished from the priest's home. Nobody

859
00:40:38,119 --> 00:40:40,239
knows if it was a prank, a theft, or if

860
00:40:40,239 --> 00:40:43,199
the Vatican quietly had it disappeared because it was becoming

861
00:40:43,239 --> 00:40:44,280
an embarrassment and.

862
00:40:44,239 --> 00:40:46,199
Speaker 1: The Church gave people perks for going to see it.

863
00:40:46,280 --> 00:40:50,320
Speaker 2: Oh, yes, of papal indulgence. Visiting the relic and saying

864
00:40:50,360 --> 00:40:52,400
a prayer could grant you a reduction of your time

865
00:40:52,440 --> 00:40:55,119
in purgatory, ten years off your sentence just for looking

866
00:40:55,199 --> 00:40:55,800
at the foreskin.

867
00:40:55,920 --> 00:40:59,320
Speaker 1: That is a wild customer loyalty program. Visit the Foreskin

868
00:40:59,440 --> 00:41:01,199
Get out of Divine punishment early.

869
00:41:01,800 --> 00:41:04,360
Speaker 2: It speaks to the medieval obsession with having a physical

870
00:41:04,440 --> 00:41:06,880
connection to the divine. If you have a piece of

871
00:41:06,920 --> 00:41:09,880
the Holy body, you have a direct conduit to power.

872
00:41:09,920 --> 00:41:13,559
Speaker 1: Which leads us perfectly to the blood of Saint Januarius

873
00:41:13,599 --> 00:41:14,280
in Naples.

874
00:41:14,679 --> 00:41:18,039
Speaker 2: This is a living ritual. It's not ancient history. It's

875
00:41:18,039 --> 00:41:21,519
happening right now. The cathedral in Naples has a vial

876
00:41:21,960 --> 00:41:24,599
that contains what is said to be the dried blood

877
00:41:24,679 --> 00:41:26,039
of their patron saint.

878
00:41:26,079 --> 00:41:29,000
Speaker 1: And three times a year, on his feast days, the

879
00:41:29,119 --> 00:41:32,800
archbishop brings out the vial, tilts it, and it liquefies.

880
00:41:33,039 --> 00:41:37,079
Speaker 2: It supposedly turns from a dry, solid mass back into

881
00:41:37,119 --> 00:41:40,599
liquid blood, and the crowds in the cathedral watch breathlessly

882
00:41:41,199 --> 00:41:43,639
because if it doesn't liquefy, it is seen as a

883
00:41:43,760 --> 00:41:44,960
terrible omen for the city.

884
00:41:45,039 --> 00:41:47,159
Speaker 1: And it has failed before, right it has.

885
00:41:47,360 --> 00:41:51,519
Speaker 2: It reportedly stayed dry before major earthquakes, before plagues, before

886
00:41:51,559 --> 00:41:55,000
the outbreak of World War II. It's a collective superstition

887
00:41:55,079 --> 00:41:57,679
that holds the entire city of Naples in its thrall.

888
00:41:57,960 --> 00:42:00,400
Speaker 1: It's amazing that in the twenty first century, with everything

889
00:42:00,440 --> 00:42:02,679
we know, a whole city is still waiting on a

890
00:42:02,760 --> 00:42:04,639
vial of old blood to tell them if they're going

891
00:42:04,679 --> 00:42:05,360
to have a good year.

892
00:42:05,519 --> 00:42:07,760
Speaker 2: It shows we aren't so different from the people burying

893
00:42:07,800 --> 00:42:10,960
demon bowls under their floors. Are We? We still want

894
00:42:11,000 --> 00:42:13,880
some sense of control over the vast scary unknown.

895
00:42:14,119 --> 00:42:17,679
Speaker 1: Ooh, nice callback, Okay, let's move to our final section,

896
00:42:18,280 --> 00:42:22,440
the unsolved, the things that still drive historians and archaeologists

897
00:42:22,480 --> 00:42:24,599
crazy because we just don't have the answer.

898
00:42:24,679 --> 00:42:27,599
Speaker 2: And the face Doo's Disc is the crown jewel of

899
00:42:27,719 --> 00:42:29,840
archaeological frustration, found on.

900
00:42:29,800 --> 00:42:33,039
Speaker 1: The island of Crete in a Minoan palace. It's a

901
00:42:33,079 --> 00:42:35,840
baked clay disc covered in symbols, and the.

902
00:42:35,880 --> 00:42:39,880
Speaker 2: Key word is stamped. The symbols weren't carved or drawn

903
00:42:39,920 --> 00:42:42,440
into the wet clay. They were pressed in with pre

904
00:42:42,519 --> 00:42:44,199
made snamps like a printing set.

905
00:42:44,480 --> 00:42:47,679
Speaker 1: So it's arguably the first attempt at movable type, thousands

906
00:42:47,679 --> 00:42:50,199
of years before Gutenberg and the printing press.

907
00:42:49,920 --> 00:42:54,480
Speaker 2: A revolutionary technology. But we can't read it, not a

908
00:42:54,480 --> 00:42:57,440
single word. It's a unique script. It appears nowhere else

909
00:42:57,440 --> 00:42:59,119
in the world. We have no other examples. Is it

910
00:42:59,159 --> 00:43:02,599
a hymn, a prayer, a king list, a game board.

911
00:43:02,800 --> 00:43:04,280
Is it even a real language or was it just

912
00:43:04,280 --> 00:43:05,039
a clever hoax?

913
00:43:05,199 --> 00:43:07,679
Speaker 1: Without a Rosetta stone for the disc, it remains a

914
00:43:07,719 --> 00:43:09,360
code we simply cannot crack.

915
00:43:09,559 --> 00:43:12,800
Speaker 2: And then there's the mystery inside the Great Pyramid, the

916
00:43:12,840 --> 00:43:13,440
Big Void.

917
00:43:13,679 --> 00:43:16,920
Speaker 1: This is modern tech meeting ancient stone, again using a

918
00:43:16,960 --> 00:43:19,519
technique called muontomography, which.

919
00:43:19,320 --> 00:43:24,119
Speaker 2: Sounds complicated, but it's basically using naturally occurring cosmic rays

920
00:43:24,320 --> 00:43:27,079
muons to scan the inside of the pyramid like a

921
00:43:27,119 --> 00:43:28,199
giant medical X ray.

922
00:43:28,320 --> 00:43:31,920
Speaker 1: And in twenty seventeen this scan revealed a massive, previously

923
00:43:32,039 --> 00:43:36,599
unknown void, a huge empty space at least thirty meters long,

924
00:43:36,679 --> 00:43:38,480
right above the grand gallery.

925
00:43:38,119 --> 00:43:40,480
Speaker 2: A secret chamber, a hidden tomb.

926
00:43:40,719 --> 00:43:43,480
Speaker 1: That's the exciting theory. The physicists say, yes, there is

927
00:43:43,519 --> 00:43:45,920
a large empty hole there. We don't know what it is,

928
00:43:45,960 --> 00:43:46,760
but it's real.

929
00:43:46,960 --> 00:43:51,320
Speaker 2: But then you have traditional Egyptologists like the famous Zahiawas,

930
00:43:51,480 --> 00:43:54,639
who say it's probably just a stress relieving gap left

931
00:43:54,679 --> 00:43:56,639
during construction. Nothing to see here.

932
00:43:56,559 --> 00:43:58,840
Speaker 1: And they refuse to drill a small hole to send

933
00:43:58,880 --> 00:43:59,920
a camera in and check.

934
00:44:00,320 --> 00:44:02,800
Speaker 2: To be fair, you want to preserve the monument, You

935
00:44:02,880 --> 00:44:05,360
don't just go drilling into the last surviving wonder of

936
00:44:05,400 --> 00:44:08,320
the ancient world on a whim. But the mystery remains.

937
00:44:09,039 --> 00:44:11,360
Is it a chamber filled with treasure? Is it empty?

938
00:44:11,519 --> 00:44:13,840
Is it just a structural necessity we just don't know?

939
00:44:14,239 --> 00:44:17,000
Speaker 1: And finally, a mystery that is also a tragedy. The

940
00:44:17,039 --> 00:44:19,119
Wrong Warongo script of Easter Island.

941
00:44:19,360 --> 00:44:23,679
Speaker 2: This one just breaks my heart. Easter Island, or Rapanui

942
00:44:24,199 --> 00:44:28,440
had a completely unique, independent writing system. It's the only

943
00:44:28,480 --> 00:44:30,280
one known to have developed in all of.

944
00:44:30,199 --> 00:44:32,599
Speaker 1: Oceania, and now no one on earth can read it.

945
00:44:32,840 --> 00:44:36,800
Speaker 2: Because the people who could were stolen. In the eighteen sixties,

946
00:44:36,840 --> 00:44:41,199
Peruvian slave traders raided the island. They kidnapped the islands king,

947
00:44:41,320 --> 00:44:44,960
the priests, the elders, the entire literate class.

948
00:44:44,719 --> 00:44:46,920
Speaker 1: And they were taken to work in the guano mines

949
00:44:46,960 --> 00:44:47,360
in Peru.

950
00:44:47,719 --> 00:44:50,480
Speaker 2: Most of them died there from disease or brutal conditions.

951
00:44:51,079 --> 00:44:54,719
The handful that were eventually sent back brought smallpox with them,

952
00:44:55,079 --> 00:44:58,199
which wiped out much of the remaining population. The knowledge

953
00:44:58,239 --> 00:45:00,000
of how to read Wrongorongo died with them.

954
00:45:00,199 --> 00:45:03,239
Speaker 1: So we have these wooden tablets covered in this beautiful,

955
00:45:03,320 --> 00:45:05,960
mysterious script. But the voice that could speak them is

956
00:45:06,000 --> 00:45:06,599
gone forever.

957
00:45:06,840 --> 00:45:09,920
Speaker 2: It's a devastating reminder that knowledge is not guaranteed. A

958
00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:12,920
culture's entire written history can be extinguished in a single

959
00:45:12,960 --> 00:45:14,920
generation through violence and greed.

960
00:45:15,199 --> 00:45:17,800
Speaker 1: That is a very heavy thought to end on. So

961
00:45:17,880 --> 00:45:19,320
let's try to wrap this up. We've pulled on a

962
00:45:19,360 --> 00:45:21,639
lot of different threads today. I'm thrilling threads.

963
00:45:21,400 --> 00:45:24,639
Speaker 2: We certainly have, from the CIA psychically hunting the ark

964
00:45:24,679 --> 00:45:29,360
of the Covenant to the tragic enforced silence of the

965
00:45:29,360 --> 00:45:30,480
wrong Garangos script.

966
00:45:30,679 --> 00:45:32,559
Speaker 1: You know what really stands out to me looking back

967
00:45:32,599 --> 00:45:35,199
at all of these is the theme of storage. So

968
00:45:35,320 --> 00:45:38,719
many of these incredible discoveries. The Oxa rinkis propriety, the

969
00:45:38,760 --> 00:45:41,840
Afghan gold, countless other things. They weren't found in the

970
00:45:41,840 --> 00:45:44,559
ground recently. They were found, and they just sat in

971
00:45:44,639 --> 00:45:46,400
boxes or vaults for decades.

972
00:45:46,599 --> 00:45:48,960
Speaker 2: It makes you wonder, doesn't it. What else is sitting

973
00:45:49,000 --> 00:45:51,920
in a museum basement right now, mislabeled or forgotten? What

974
00:45:51,960 --> 00:45:55,519
incredible revelation is just collecting dust on a shelf.

975
00:45:55,440 --> 00:45:57,840
Speaker 1: And looking at the light our discoveries. I mean, if

976
00:45:57,880 --> 00:46:00,360
there is a city the size of San Francisco hiding

977
00:46:00,360 --> 00:46:02,519
in the Amazon that we miss for a thousand years.

978
00:46:02,760 --> 00:46:05,000
What is currently sitting right under our feet right now

979
00:46:05,039 --> 00:46:06,599
that we're completely oblivious to.

980
00:46:07,000 --> 00:46:09,119
Speaker 2: History is so much more fragile than we think, but

981
00:46:09,159 --> 00:46:11,000
it's also so much deeper and stranger.

982
00:46:11,480 --> 00:46:14,079
Speaker 1: So here's my final question for you listening right now.

983
00:46:14,639 --> 00:46:18,159
If you could borrow that CIA Psychic Remote Viewer thirty

984
00:46:18,159 --> 00:46:21,079
two for just one hour, and you could send them

985
00:46:21,079 --> 00:46:24,360
to find one lost object or piece of knowledge that

986
00:46:24,400 --> 00:46:26,599
we talked about today, what would you choose?

987
00:46:26,679 --> 00:46:27,519
Speaker 2: That's a tough one.

988
00:46:27,599 --> 00:46:30,360
Speaker 1: Would you hunt for the rest of the Afghan gold,

989
00:46:30,559 --> 00:46:33,360
the stuff that's still missing. Would you go for the

990
00:46:33,360 --> 00:46:36,840
big one, the ark of the Covenant itself, or would

991
00:46:36,880 --> 00:46:40,159
you try to find the key to translating the face

992
00:46:40,239 --> 00:46:40,760
dose disc.

993
00:46:41,159 --> 00:46:44,079
Speaker 2: It really breaks down into a choice between wealth, power

994
00:46:44,400 --> 00:46:45,960
or knowledge exactly.

995
00:46:46,599 --> 00:46:48,800
Speaker 1: We really want to know what you would pick. Leave

996
00:46:48,840 --> 00:46:51,719
a comment wherever you're listening and tell us what you'd

997
00:46:51,800 --> 00:46:52,800
choose and why.

998
00:46:53,000 --> 00:46:55,199
Speaker 2: I think I think I'd have to go for the

999
00:46:55,199 --> 00:46:58,280
face dose disk solution. The idea of unlocking a lost

1000
00:46:58,360 --> 00:47:00,400
language is just too tempting nerd.

1001
00:47:00,840 --> 00:47:03,039
Speaker 1: I'm going for the arc, no question. I want to

1002
00:47:03,039 --> 00:47:04,360
see the face melting lapse.

1003
00:47:04,440 --> 00:47:06,039
Speaker 2: I should have known typical.

1004
00:47:06,519 --> 00:47:09,239
Speaker 1: That's all for today on thrilling threads. Keep pulling on

1005
00:47:09,239 --> 00:47:11,960
those loose ends because you never know what we'll unravel.

1006
00:47:12,280 --> 00:47:13,280
We'll catch you next time.

1007
00:47:13,360 --> 00:47:14,119
Speaker 2: Goodbye everyone,