1 00:00:38,560 --> 00:00:40,679 Speaker 1: If you want to support the show and get the 2 00:00:40,719 --> 00:00:45,119 episodes early and ad free, head on over to Freemanbeyond 3 00:00:45,159 --> 00:00:48,920 the Wall dot com forward slash Support. I want to 4 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:53,600 explain something right now. If you support me through substack 5 00:00:54,200 --> 00:00:58,280 or Patreon, you have access to an RSS feed that 6 00:00:58,359 --> 00:01:02,799 you can plug into any podcatcher, including Apple, and you'll 7 00:01:02,840 --> 00:01:05,799 be able to listen to the episodes through there. If 8 00:01:05,840 --> 00:01:09,400 you support me through a subscribe, star, gum Road or 9 00:01:09,480 --> 00:01:13,000 on my website directly, I will send you a link 10 00:01:13,079 --> 00:01:15,519 where you can download the file and you can listen 11 00:01:15,519 --> 00:01:19,599 to it any way you wish. I really appreciate the 12 00:01:19,640 --> 00:01:22,920 support everyone gives me. It keeps the show going. It 13 00:01:22,959 --> 00:01:26,519 allows me to basically put out an episode every day now, 14 00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:29,680 and I'm not going to stop. I'm just going to accelerate. 15 00:01:30,200 --> 00:01:32,319 I think sometimes you see that I'm putting out two 16 00:01:33,200 --> 00:01:38,640 even three a day, and yeah, can't do it without you, 17 00:01:39,319 --> 00:01:41,439 So thank you for the support. Head on over to 18 00:01:41,480 --> 00:01:45,719 Freeman Beyond the Wall dot com, forward slash Support and 19 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:50,760 do it there. Thank you. I want to welcome everyone 20 00:01:50,799 --> 00:01:53,280 back to part thirty one of our reading of two 21 00:01:53,359 --> 00:01:58,799 hundred Years Together by Alexander Sulshanesen. How are you doing today, 22 00:01:58,799 --> 00:02:00,560 doctor Johnson, I. 23 00:02:00,519 --> 00:02:04,359 Speaker 2: Am under attack by a a A. I don't know 24 00:02:04,400 --> 00:02:08,639 what the what the collective name is, but a swarm 25 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:11,520 of stink bugs. I don't know what the what the 26 00:02:11,560 --> 00:02:14,360 real name is, but they're there. I think a swarm 27 00:02:14,400 --> 00:02:17,520 would be a somewhat dramatic but but there's a lot 28 00:02:17,560 --> 00:02:21,360 of them, and the cats are useless. They don't really 29 00:02:21,360 --> 00:02:25,000 care about them too much. But yeah, you never know 30 00:02:25,000 --> 00:02:27,280 what's going to happen around here. Since me and you 31 00:02:27,319 --> 00:02:29,840 were both in the middle of nowhere, this sort of 32 00:02:29,840 --> 00:02:31,719 thing is to be expected. I haven't had a stink 33 00:02:31,719 --> 00:02:35,000 bug attack in a while, but this year is bad. 34 00:02:35,759 --> 00:02:36,319 How are you doing? 35 00:02:37,159 --> 00:02:40,000 Speaker 1: Doing good? I had a couple get in, had a 36 00:02:40,039 --> 00:02:42,240 couple of wasps in the last week get in So 37 00:02:43,680 --> 00:02:47,039 not why not white Anglo Saxon Protestants like real wasps? 38 00:02:47,800 --> 00:02:49,120 Speaker 2: Oh right right, the infact? 39 00:02:49,199 --> 00:02:53,919 Speaker 1: Yeah, yes, so yeah, I had to my cat. My 40 00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:57,520 cats don't care about the stink bugs either, but the wasps, oh, 41 00:02:57,599 --> 00:02:59,520 they want to get stung by those really bad. 42 00:03:01,680 --> 00:03:03,240 Speaker 2: Yeah. Yeah, you all have seen the pictures of the 43 00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:06,039 dogs who get stung by a bee and their their 44 00:03:06,080 --> 00:03:09,000 faith looks like, you know, looks like a looks like 45 00:03:09,039 --> 00:03:09,800 a cattris mint. 46 00:03:10,319 --> 00:03:17,000 Speaker 1: Yeah, all right. Moving on. In addition to the grain trade, 47 00:03:17,039 --> 00:03:20,120 the wood trade and sugar industry, where they occupied a 48 00:03:20,120 --> 00:03:23,520 predominant position, other areas must be cited in which the 49 00:03:23,599 --> 00:03:29,120 Jews largely contributed to development flour milling, fur trade, spinning mills, confection, 50 00:03:29,560 --> 00:03:34,319 the tobacco industry, the brewery. In eighteen thirty five they 51 00:03:34,319 --> 00:03:38,240 were also present at the major fairs in Nizhni Novgorod. 52 00:03:39,039 --> 00:03:47,360 In Transba trans Bakalia, they launched a livestock trade which 53 00:03:47,360 --> 00:03:50,400 took off in the nineties, and the same happened in Siberia. 54 00:03:50,520 --> 00:03:57,080 For their production of coal andero andero suji hard coal 55 00:03:57,240 --> 00:04:00,319 and the extraction of gold, where they played a major role, 56 00:04:01,240 --> 00:04:04,879 and after eighteen ninety two the Ginsburg devoted themselves almost 57 00:04:04,879 --> 00:04:10,759 exclusively to the extraction of gold. The most prosperous enterprise 58 00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:14,680 was the Lena Gold Mining Company, which was controlled in 59 00:04:14,759 --> 00:04:17,600 fact from eighteen ninety six until its death in nineteen 60 00:04:17,639 --> 00:04:21,839 oh nine by Baron Horace Ginsburg, son of Everel Ginsburg, 61 00:04:21,920 --> 00:04:24,079 founder of the bank of the same name and president 62 00:04:24,120 --> 00:04:27,680 of its branch in Saint Petersburg. The son of Horace 63 00:04:27,759 --> 00:04:30,360 David also Baron remained at the head of the Jewish 64 00:04:30,399 --> 00:04:33,399 community of Saint Petersburg until his death in nineteen ten. 65 00:04:35,079 --> 00:04:37,399 His sons, Alexander and Alfred, sat on the board of 66 00:04:37,480 --> 00:04:41,399 Lena the gold mining company. Another son, Vladimir, married the 67 00:04:41,480 --> 00:04:45,160 daughter of the owner of the Kiev sugar factory l I. Brodsky. 68 00:04:45,959 --> 00:04:49,240 Horace Ginsburg was also the founder of the gold extraction 69 00:04:49,439 --> 00:04:52,319 companies from I'm not going to read these names and 70 00:04:52,360 --> 00:04:56,920 a few others. In nineteen twelve, a huge scandal about 71 00:04:56,920 --> 00:04:59,399 the Lina mines broke out and caused quite a stir 72 00:04:59,439 --> 00:05:03,639 throughout the co. The operating conditions were abominable, the workers 73 00:05:03,639 --> 00:05:08,279 had been misled appropriately. The Tsarisk government was accused of 74 00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:11,560 everything and demonized. No one in the regional liberal press 75 00:05:11,560 --> 00:05:15,079 mentioned the main shareholders, notably the Ginsburg Suns. 76 00:05:16,600 --> 00:05:20,879 Speaker 2: If you go to my archives the Orthodox Nationalist on 77 00:05:21,600 --> 00:05:26,120 Radio Albion, you will find, I want to say, six 78 00:05:26,160 --> 00:05:28,800 weeks ago, maybe two months, maybe a little bit more, 79 00:05:29,879 --> 00:05:34,040 I did a lecture on precisely that last few sentences. There. 80 00:05:37,439 --> 00:05:41,079 The Jewish leftists on the outside, Jewish leftists on the 81 00:05:41,079 --> 00:05:45,639 inside pretended to be opponent, but in fact the agenda 82 00:05:46,040 --> 00:05:50,720 was the same, and it goes to show the press 83 00:05:51,519 --> 00:05:54,279 to a great extent, not like in the US under 84 00:05:54,319 --> 00:05:57,879 Jewish control, there was no censorship at all, at least 85 00:05:58,120 --> 00:06:01,600 non effective. Maybe the few in Petersburg may have been, 86 00:06:04,519 --> 00:06:06,839 but yeah, they went out of their way to make 87 00:06:06,879 --> 00:06:10,439 sure that. I mean, mining is rough to begin with. 88 00:06:11,240 --> 00:06:13,319 When you think that you're the miners are goyam, it 89 00:06:13,319 --> 00:06:17,439 gets even worse. And of course everything that the press 90 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:22,399 said at the time was translated into English in Britain 91 00:06:23,240 --> 00:06:25,560 and then eventually found its way to America. And not 92 00:06:25,639 --> 00:06:29,000 a shred of that story was ever challenged by anybody. 93 00:06:30,240 --> 00:06:31,800 I have a you know, I spent an hour. I 94 00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:35,600 have a paper I don't know, in very rough form 95 00:06:35,720 --> 00:06:40,399 right now on that same topic. But it was see, 96 00:06:40,480 --> 00:06:47,319 given the time period nineteen twelve, this was you know, 97 00:06:47,480 --> 00:06:50,879 the war was only a couple of years years away, 98 00:06:51,399 --> 00:06:56,399 and the left, which was Jewish, used this without ever 99 00:06:56,439 --> 00:07:02,399 saying who ran it, blaming the mono. Two people got killed, 100 00:07:04,240 --> 00:07:08,120 and of course in a very strategic area. Now besides that, 101 00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:11,720 I'm happy that fills and eats and notes that these 102 00:07:11,720 --> 00:07:16,120 people are marrying each other, you know, sugar gold. You know, 103 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:24,319 Jews are clearly involved in monopolizing very lucrative industries, fundamental industries, 104 00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:26,319 I mean coal. You can't get any more fundamental than that. 105 00:07:26,399 --> 00:07:29,560 Especially at the time the ross Childs had an interest 106 00:07:29,600 --> 00:07:36,680 in the oil in Baku, Azerbaijan today Baku of course 107 00:07:36,680 --> 00:07:41,199 the capital city. So they were not just dominating these 108 00:07:41,240 --> 00:07:44,879 industries which were very strategic, but marrying into one another, 109 00:07:44,920 --> 00:07:49,720 so you have even more cohesiveness, even more ethnic focus. 110 00:07:51,040 --> 00:07:54,680 I guarantee you that was an arranged marriage for the 111 00:07:54,720 --> 00:08:00,319 sake of strategy more than anything else. But there's a 112 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:05,959 lot here. And but as far as that Lena is concerned, 113 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:09,120 the revolutionaries made a big deal about that, blaming the 114 00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:12,040 monarchy for it for some reason, while it was the 115 00:08:12,120 --> 00:08:18,639 Jews who created and violated all of the bizarrest factory legislation. 116 00:08:18,759 --> 00:08:21,240 You can't treat workers like that in Russia. It's hard 117 00:08:21,279 --> 00:08:25,079 to enforce. But they did it anyway. And of course 118 00:08:25,120 --> 00:08:28,639 they essentially invented a story, whether you know, like the Pilgrams, 119 00:08:28,680 --> 00:08:30,759 like someone like like Bloody Sunday, like all the other 120 00:08:30,800 --> 00:08:34,919 things that the press there invented and was taken as 121 00:08:34,960 --> 00:08:39,039 absolute truth in France, Britain and then eventually in the 122 00:08:39,159 --> 00:08:44,159 US and that is that Lena in particular, is repeated 123 00:08:44,159 --> 00:08:49,799 word for word from leftist propaganda in the academic literature 124 00:08:49,799 --> 00:08:51,399 on the topic today. 125 00:08:51,960 --> 00:08:54,879 Speaker 1: At the beginning of the twentieth century, Jews represented thirty 126 00:08:54,879 --> 00:08:59,120 five percent of the merchant class in Russia. Schulgin gives 127 00:08:59,200 --> 00:09:03,279 us what he observed in the Southwest region. Where have 128 00:09:03,360 --> 00:09:06,399 they gone? Russian traders? Where is the Russian third state? 129 00:09:06,879 --> 00:09:09,919 In time we had a strong Russian bourgeoisie. Where have 130 00:09:09,960 --> 00:09:13,240 they gone? They were ousted by the Jews, lowered into 131 00:09:13,279 --> 00:09:17,399 the social ladder, to the state of Mushiks. The Russians 132 00:09:17,519 --> 00:09:21,000 in the Southwest region have chosen their own fate. It 133 00:09:21,120 --> 00:09:23,240 is clear, and at the beginning of the century, the 134 00:09:23,279 --> 00:09:27,639 eminent politician va I Gorko observed the place of the 135 00:09:27,720 --> 00:09:31,360 Russian merchant is more and more frequently taken by a Jew. 136 00:09:31,879 --> 00:09:34,279 The Jews also gained influence and authority in the booming 137 00:09:34,320 --> 00:09:37,279 sector of the cooperative system. More than half of the 138 00:09:37,360 --> 00:09:40,159 mutual credit and savings and loan companies were in the 139 00:09:40,159 --> 00:09:43,240 Palist settlement. Eighty six percent of their members in nineteen 140 00:09:43,279 --> 00:09:46,080 eleven were Jewish. 141 00:09:46,480 --> 00:09:48,799 Speaker 2: I don't have a lot to add here, because we've 142 00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:53,480 dealt with this already the difference between the Jewish merchants 143 00:09:53,519 --> 00:09:58,000 and pretty much any other merchant in the world. We've 144 00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:03,240 already discussed the forms of come petition, their creation of advertising, 145 00:10:03,840 --> 00:10:07,960 the so called general store where everything else was specialized, 146 00:10:07,960 --> 00:10:11,080 you know, the push cart. These things were unheard of, 147 00:10:11,480 --> 00:10:16,840 trying to undercut, undercut competition. The push cart was important 148 00:10:16,840 --> 00:10:19,720 because there was no overhead, and that was used to 149 00:10:19,759 --> 00:10:21,840 lower the price. And then of course once everyone else 150 00:10:21,919 --> 00:10:23,480 is out of business, they brought it back up again. 151 00:10:24,759 --> 00:10:29,200 And you know, this wasn't this wasn't a significant factor 152 00:10:29,399 --> 00:10:33,080 in the merchant class prior to the Jews being in 153 00:10:33,120 --> 00:10:37,720 Russian great numbers. After the partition of Poland. There's a 154 00:10:37,759 --> 00:10:40,519 mountain of literature on this. None of it can really 155 00:10:40,679 --> 00:10:44,919 talk about this the way we do. But music. This 156 00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:50,200 is another word for peasant, maybe a lower peasant. But 157 00:10:50,240 --> 00:10:52,360 when you talk about the merchant class, you can't just 158 00:10:52,480 --> 00:10:55,600 use that words. It's an abstraction. The way that the 159 00:10:55,639 --> 00:10:57,679 Jews approached it and the way that Russians and pretty 160 00:10:57,759 --> 00:11:01,600 much everyone else approached it are very different. And even 161 00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:05,480 when we go back to the Italian republics, I've dealt 162 00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:08,039 with these. You know, a few centuries early, and they 163 00:11:08,440 --> 00:11:13,320 created the Renaissance. Jews are in almost every every aspect 164 00:11:13,360 --> 00:11:17,240 of this, sometimes taking Italian sounding names. They were kicked 165 00:11:17,240 --> 00:11:22,000 out of every one of those republics as well in 166 00:11:22,559 --> 00:11:26,240 dealing with Byzantium. Eventually they helped bring it down, the 167 00:11:26,279 --> 00:11:30,600 empire down. It gets dangerous though when you start you're 168 00:11:30,600 --> 00:11:34,320 starting to see the banking industry falling under their under 169 00:11:34,360 --> 00:11:39,600 their control. And if it wasn't for the monarchy keeping 170 00:11:39,639 --> 00:11:45,200 control of the currency at that level, the entire financial 171 00:11:45,200 --> 00:11:48,799 system would have been completely essentially under rough child control, 172 00:11:49,399 --> 00:11:54,080 with their branches all over all over the west of Russia, 173 00:11:54,120 --> 00:11:55,759 our history would be very, very different. 174 00:11:56,639 --> 00:11:59,240 Speaker 1: We have already spoken of the construction and operation of 175 00:11:59,240 --> 00:12:04,159 the Russian rail ways by the Polyakov brothers, Bleak and Varshavsky. 176 00:12:05,120 --> 00:12:08,480 What with the exception of the very first lines, almost 177 00:12:08,519 --> 00:12:11,120 all the railways that were later built were made by 178 00:12:11,240 --> 00:12:15,279 concessionary companies in which the Jews occupied the command posts, 179 00:12:15,600 --> 00:12:17,759 but as of the eighteen nineties, the state was the 180 00:12:17,799 --> 00:12:20,720 first builder. On the other hand, it was under the 181 00:12:20,759 --> 00:12:24,120 leadership of David Margoline that was created in eighteen eighty 182 00:12:24,159 --> 00:12:28,960 three the Great Shipping Company on the Dnieper and its tributaries, 183 00:12:29,159 --> 00:12:33,039 the main shared holders of which were Jews. In nineteen eleven, 184 00:12:33,080 --> 00:12:34,960 the company owned the fleet of seventy eight vessels in 185 00:12:34,960 --> 00:12:37,559 accounted for seventy one percent of the traffic on the Dnieper. 186 00:12:38,279 --> 00:12:41,799 Other companies operated on the western Vienna, the Niemen Joined 187 00:12:41,840 --> 00:12:46,559 the Marensky Canal and the Volga. There were also about 188 00:12:46,559 --> 00:12:50,279 ten oil companies belonging to Jews from Baku. The biggest 189 00:12:50,320 --> 00:12:53,639 were the oil company belonging to the brothers S and M. 190 00:12:53,639 --> 00:12:58,759 Polioch and to Rothschild and to the Joint Stock Company 191 00:12:58,879 --> 00:13:02,320 of the Caspian Black Sea, behind which was found the 192 00:13:02,399 --> 00:13:06,120 name of Rothschild. These companies were not allowed to extract oil. 193 00:13:06,279 --> 00:13:08,720 They specialized in refining and exporting. 194 00:13:10,559 --> 00:13:15,879 Speaker 2: You keep in mind, in the early years of Putin's 195 00:13:15,879 --> 00:13:21,080 presidency they tried to you know, the the oligarchic class 196 00:13:21,679 --> 00:13:24,919 that was created in the wake of the fall of 197 00:13:25,320 --> 00:13:31,559 the USSR was almost exclusively Jewish. And if you remember 198 00:13:31,679 --> 00:13:36,120 Michael Kodokoski, the oil magnate, you know, he was one 199 00:13:36,159 --> 00:13:39,399 of the most corrupt billionaire at like you know thirty, 200 00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:47,559 was arrested on his way to sell Siberian oil fields 201 00:13:47,559 --> 00:13:52,879 to Exonmobile Putin says, it doesn't mean there's a million 202 00:13:53,120 --> 00:13:57,519 reasons we have to arrest this guy. But if those 203 00:13:57,559 --> 00:14:00,879 fields would have been sold to not only a foreign 204 00:14:00,879 --> 00:14:06,039 but a hostile power, Russian sovereignty couldn't have existed. Now 205 00:14:06,799 --> 00:14:10,399 I always have to, you know, use the qualifier that 206 00:14:10,679 --> 00:14:17,639 domestically oil natural gas comprize maybe ten percent of at 207 00:14:17,639 --> 00:14:24,440 the most of Russian GDP. I mean, Norway is far 208 00:14:24,480 --> 00:14:29,279 more dependent on oil than Russia is. Externally, it's it's 209 00:14:29,360 --> 00:14:31,399 higher than that. It could be as high as forty 210 00:14:31,440 --> 00:14:36,559 percent or more, depending on how we define oil you 211 00:14:36,559 --> 00:14:38,960 know how much. You know that's because that's a huge industry. 212 00:14:41,120 --> 00:14:44,240 So this isn't the first time. This clearly has been 213 00:14:45,440 --> 00:14:48,440 a plan of the Jewish mentality for a long time 214 00:14:48,480 --> 00:14:51,840 in Russia. And when you talk about coal, things like 215 00:14:51,919 --> 00:14:57,120 sugar oil, you know, the basics, like lifestyle. That's the 216 00:14:57,120 --> 00:15:03,480 foundation of an economy. And had the revolution that occurred 217 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:07,440 and had the monarchy remained, they would have had to 218 00:15:07,480 --> 00:15:09,960 deal with this in one way or another. The revolution 219 00:15:10,080 --> 00:15:12,639 was either going to look like it did in nineteen 220 00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:15,600 seventeen or like it did in nineteen ninety five. It's 221 00:15:15,600 --> 00:15:17,759 pretty much the same group of people with the same outcome. 222 00:15:20,639 --> 00:15:24,039 But you know, I think by this point in the discussion, 223 00:15:24,320 --> 00:15:27,480 we realized that the Jews have been you know, bringing 224 00:15:27,480 --> 00:15:31,519 these people in after the partitions of Poland was a disaster. 225 00:15:32,480 --> 00:15:35,200 Despite how well russ was doing at the time, contrary 226 00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:39,559 to all the mythology, while the peasantry was doing and 227 00:15:39,639 --> 00:15:46,519 even the merchant class was doing, despite all that, this 228 00:15:46,679 --> 00:15:49,080 actually was despite the fact that the Jews had taken 229 00:15:49,120 --> 00:15:53,840 over some of this, and this would have continued in centralization. 230 00:15:54,440 --> 00:15:58,840 And depending on let's say that Zara Nicholas survived, whoever 231 00:15:58,840 --> 00:16:01,440 would have come later, they may have found one pliable 232 00:16:01,519 --> 00:16:03,679 enough to give over the currency to the Rostile family. 233 00:16:05,279 --> 00:16:08,919 That what if is kind of important. But the revolution 234 00:16:09,080 --> 00:16:12,480 was going to occur under Jewish control in one form 235 00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:17,559 or another, or Russia would be the largest expulsion of 236 00:16:17,759 --> 00:16:20,759 Jews in the many, many times that's occurred in history 237 00:16:20,759 --> 00:16:23,440 in terms of the number of people removed. One of 238 00:16:23,440 --> 00:16:24,879 those three things would have had to happen. 239 00:16:26,240 --> 00:16:28,840 Speaker 1: But it was in finance that the economic activity of 240 00:16:28,840 --> 00:16:31,840 the Jews was the most brilliant. Credit is an area 241 00:16:31,840 --> 00:16:34,919 where Jews have long felt at home. They have created 242 00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:37,480 new ways and it perfected the old, they played a 243 00:16:37,559 --> 00:16:39,960 leading role in the hands of a few large capitalists 244 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:43,679 and in the organization of commercial commercial investment banks. The 245 00:16:43,799 --> 00:16:47,759 Jews brought out of their ranks not only the banking aristocracy, 246 00:16:47,799 --> 00:16:51,639 but also the massive employees. The Bank of evsil Ginsburg 247 00:16:51,720 --> 00:16:55,159 found that in eighteen fifty nine in Saint Petersburg grew 248 00:16:55,200 --> 00:16:57,720 in strength and thanks to its links to the Mendelshin 249 00:16:58,639 --> 00:17:03,279 in Berlin, Warburg and Hamburg, the Rothschilds in Paris and Vienna. 250 00:17:03,840 --> 00:17:06,279 But when the financial crisis of eighteen ninety two broke 251 00:17:06,319 --> 00:17:09,440 out and because of the government's refusal to support its 252 00:17:09,480 --> 00:17:13,119 banks with loans, as it happened twice before, e Ginsburg 253 00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:18,440 withdrew from business. By the seventies, there existed a network 254 00:17:18,440 --> 00:17:22,039 of banks founded by the three Poliakov brothers, Jacob, Samuel 255 00:17:22,039 --> 00:17:25,880 and Lazar. These are the asof Don Commercial Bank to 256 00:17:25,920 --> 00:17:31,200 be later managed by B. Kamenka, the Mortgage Lending of Moscow, 257 00:17:31,519 --> 00:17:35,160 the Don Land Bank, the Polyakov Bank, the International Bank, 258 00:17:35,319 --> 00:17:37,599 and a few other houses which will later form the 259 00:17:37,680 --> 00:17:43,119 Unified Bank. The Bank of Siberia had a Solovaychik at 260 00:17:43,119 --> 00:17:46,480 its head. The Commercial Bank of Warsaw was directed by 261 00:17:46,680 --> 00:17:53,039 I Bliok in several other large establishments, Jews occupied important 262 00:17:53,079 --> 00:17:56,640 posts in two large banks, only the Commercial Bank of 263 00:17:56,680 --> 00:17:59,839 Moscow and that of the Volga Kama. There were no 264 00:18:00,119 --> 00:18:02,880 Jews either in the leadership or among the staff. The 265 00:18:02,920 --> 00:18:07,920 Poliochoff brothers all had the rank of secret counselor, and 266 00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:11,960 as we have said, all three were granted hereditary nobility. 267 00:18:13,720 --> 00:18:15,759 Speaker 2: Yeah, there's not much to add to this, there's no 268 00:18:15,880 --> 00:18:20,279 denying it. Talking like this can get you sent to 269 00:18:20,319 --> 00:18:27,799 prison in the European Union and in Canada. But this 270 00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:31,839 is where you know, liberal republics come from. That's essentially 271 00:18:31,839 --> 00:18:35,319 what a republic is. A monarchy is able to keep 272 00:18:35,319 --> 00:18:38,559 a lid on this as much as humanly possible. I'll 273 00:18:38,599 --> 00:18:41,680 repeat myself. If Nicholas the second had survived, there would 274 00:18:41,680 --> 00:18:46,039 have had to have been a mass expulsive or nationalization, 275 00:18:46,599 --> 00:18:49,279 which kind of makes makes more sense, or else they 276 00:18:49,279 --> 00:18:53,480 would have simply taken over the economy entirely. You know 277 00:18:53,480 --> 00:18:57,119 that a handful of them, and foreign policy would have 278 00:18:57,119 --> 00:19:02,920 been dictated by banking connections in Britain and France. So 279 00:19:04,079 --> 00:19:09,200 these are extremely important issues and numbers, but you're not 280 00:19:09,240 --> 00:19:12,640 going to find them in your typical textbook which means 281 00:19:12,920 --> 00:19:15,359 a historian out there in academi you're writing about this 282 00:19:15,440 --> 00:19:18,480 and not talking about this this era and not mentioning 283 00:19:18,519 --> 00:19:22,720 this sounds ridiculous. Whether he knows that he simply can't 284 00:19:22,759 --> 00:19:25,279 do it or he just doesn't know, it doesn't matter. 285 00:19:26,039 --> 00:19:28,960 But talking about the Russian economy the turn of the 286 00:19:28,960 --> 00:19:31,799 century and not mentioning all of this, which is what 287 00:19:31,920 --> 00:19:37,200 they do. You see the distortion that's going to come 288 00:19:37,200 --> 00:19:39,039 out in these textbooks and the theories that then are 289 00:19:39,039 --> 00:19:42,599 based on that without knowledge of this stuff. Clearly, this 290 00:19:42,759 --> 00:19:46,759 was an ethnic economy at certain levels, and it was 291 00:19:46,839 --> 00:19:49,440 only a strong monarchy that was able to make sure 292 00:19:49,440 --> 00:19:52,799 the land stayed in peasant hands, the artel or the 293 00:19:52,880 --> 00:19:57,599 kind of the commune, although in the cities with shared 294 00:19:57,640 --> 00:20:01,759 tools and everything else, you know, for artisans, they were protected. 295 00:20:01,799 --> 00:20:05,000 It's one of the reasons that the commune existed was 296 00:20:05,039 --> 00:20:08,839 to make sure that land was completely inalienable. How that 297 00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:12,160 not existed, and had the monarchy not been there, the 298 00:20:12,160 --> 00:20:16,559 peasants would have been completely dispossessed and then mobilized by 299 00:20:16,559 --> 00:20:19,039 the Jews to take over whatever Russian government existed. 300 00:20:19,799 --> 00:20:21,960 Speaker 1: Thus, at the dawn of the twentieth century, the Palest 301 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:25,599 Settlement had already completely emptied itself of its substance. It 302 00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:28,640 had not prevented the Jews from occupying solid positions in 303 00:20:28,640 --> 00:20:31,720 the vital sectors of the country's life, from economy and 304 00:20:31,799 --> 00:20:35,039 finance to the intellectual sphere. The Pale no longer had 305 00:20:35,079 --> 00:20:39,400 any practical utility. Its economic and political purpose was outdated. 306 00:20:39,799 --> 00:20:42,799 It had only filled the Jews with anti government bitterness 307 00:20:42,799 --> 00:20:45,920 and resentment. It had thrown oil on the fire of 308 00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:48,759 social discontent, and had struck the Russian government with the 309 00:20:48,759 --> 00:20:52,200 seal of infamy in the eyes of the West. 310 00:20:52,839 --> 00:20:55,680 Speaker 2: You know, when you're this privilege, as the Jews were, 311 00:20:56,200 --> 00:20:58,400 with this level of power, and of course they were 312 00:20:58,440 --> 00:21:03,119 only promoting each other, you have to invent problems. They're 313 00:21:03,160 --> 00:21:05,920 still revolutionaries, despite how well they're treated. One has nothing 314 00:21:05,960 --> 00:21:10,799 to do with the other. So you have to create problems. 315 00:21:10,839 --> 00:21:14,880 You have to invent stories to give some mental justification 316 00:21:16,400 --> 00:21:20,359 for killing people. And that's where all of this, you know, 317 00:21:20,400 --> 00:21:23,200 the pograms and everything else came from. The Palff Settlement 318 00:21:23,720 --> 00:21:26,680 was a very privileged part of the Empire. It's always 319 00:21:26,680 --> 00:21:29,160 been very poors. Now, of course, it essentially didn't exist, 320 00:21:30,880 --> 00:21:35,960 and it was a home base essentially for them discontent. 321 00:21:36,039 --> 00:21:39,440 What are they talking about? No other group in Russia? 322 00:21:40,200 --> 00:21:45,119 Maybe the Germans, Yeah, maybe the Germans were doing better, 323 00:21:45,440 --> 00:21:49,440 but Germans were finding their presence in the state and 324 00:21:49,480 --> 00:21:52,519 sometimes in the army. The Jews, of course, outside of that, 325 00:21:54,319 --> 00:21:56,599 in finance and even the other industries that they controlled, 326 00:21:56,640 --> 00:21:59,279 it was still financial. They weren't out in the fields, 327 00:22:00,319 --> 00:22:02,599 you know, or or in the foundry. They were, you know, 328 00:22:02,680 --> 00:22:04,759 it was still a matter of finance. When you have 329 00:22:04,880 --> 00:22:08,480 your friends in all these other industries and you're marrying 330 00:22:08,920 --> 00:22:12,759 you know, industries to each other through their children, you 331 00:22:12,880 --> 00:22:19,160 have a very powerful and very hostile, tiny minority in 332 00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:23,839 the country. But they still were revolutionaries, so they had 333 00:22:23,880 --> 00:22:26,920 to create things, you know, and and given that the 334 00:22:26,960 --> 00:22:29,559 neuroticism of the Jewish mind, it wasn't that hard to do. 335 00:22:30,599 --> 00:22:35,480 So again, writing a history of the revolution and not 336 00:22:35,640 --> 00:22:38,119 mentioning any of this is what you're going to get 337 00:22:38,160 --> 00:22:43,559 is sounds nice, but you know, it's it's they're they're 338 00:22:43,599 --> 00:22:47,640 they're operating with access to maybe half the information, the 339 00:22:47,680 --> 00:22:49,519 other half they're not allowed to talk about. So what 340 00:22:49,559 --> 00:22:51,119 do you get? What? What products are you going to 341 00:22:51,200 --> 00:22:54,160 get there? And that's why academia is a joke in 342 00:22:54,440 --> 00:22:56,000 these industry, in these areas. 343 00:22:56,559 --> 00:22:59,039 Speaker 1: But let us be clear this Russian Empire, with the 344 00:22:59,079 --> 00:23:02,759 slowness and school neurosis of its bureaucracy, the mentality of 345 00:23:02,759 --> 00:23:07,240 its leaders, where and in what way did it fall behind? 346 00:23:07,319 --> 00:23:10,119 All through the twenty of the nineteenth century and decades 347 00:23:10,160 --> 00:23:13,200 before the revolution, it had been unable to settle a 348 00:23:13,240 --> 00:23:16,000 dozen major problems affecting the life of the country. It 349 00:23:16,039 --> 00:23:18,880 had not been able to organize local civil self government, 350 00:23:19,160 --> 00:23:24,359 install zeensvas in Russia in rural districts, carry out agrarian reform, 351 00:23:24,519 --> 00:23:28,839 remedy the state of pernicious state, the pernicious state of 352 00:23:28,920 --> 00:23:32,680 humiliation of the church, or communicate with civil society and 353 00:23:32,720 --> 00:23:36,000 make its action understood. It had managed neither the boom 354 00:23:36,079 --> 00:23:39,799 of mass education nor the development of Ukrainian culture. To 355 00:23:39,920 --> 00:23:42,480 this list, let us add another point where the delay 356 00:23:42,559 --> 00:23:45,680 proved catastrophic, the revision of the real conditions of the 357 00:23:45,680 --> 00:23:50,359 Pale settlement, the awareness of their influence on all positionings 358 00:23:50,400 --> 00:23:53,119 of the state. The Russian authorities have had one hundred 359 00:23:53,200 --> 00:23:56,559 years and more to solve the problems of the Jewish population, 360 00:23:57,000 --> 00:23:59,160 and they have not been able to do so. Neither 361 00:23:59,200 --> 00:24:02,759 in the sense of an open assimilation, nor by allowing 362 00:24:02,759 --> 00:24:06,559 the Chows to remain involuntary isolation that which was already 363 00:24:06,599 --> 00:24:08,039 theirs a century before. 364 00:24:09,400 --> 00:24:14,599 Speaker 2: This is a very weird paragraph, and I don't know, 365 00:24:14,640 --> 00:24:17,839 I don't know what he's what he's getting at. Civil 366 00:24:17,880 --> 00:24:20,839 self government at the local level was already there. The 367 00:24:21,279 --> 00:24:25,920 state apparatus may have in Petersburg, may have empowered it, 368 00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:30,160 but it was there even before Alexander the Second. It 369 00:24:30,160 --> 00:24:33,000 was empowered under Alexander the Second and the reforms of 370 00:24:33,559 --> 00:24:36,039 eighteen sixty one, a Graarian reform had been done already. 371 00:24:36,640 --> 00:24:38,880 The humiliation of the church, unfortunately, I mean, that's that's 372 00:24:38,920 --> 00:24:42,200 a bit dramatic. But after Peter the Great, you know, 373 00:24:42,240 --> 00:24:44,559 I have I'm working on a book on this topic. 374 00:24:45,200 --> 00:24:47,920 I have many lectures on it to force the church, 375 00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:49,640 and this has nothing to do I had many great 376 00:24:49,680 --> 00:24:51,599 saints in this era. This is, you know, at the 377 00:24:51,680 --> 00:24:54,759 level of of you know, the empire as a whole, 378 00:24:56,880 --> 00:24:59,359 and it was very especially financially, it was very tightly 379 00:25:01,319 --> 00:25:03,720 controlled at that level, not doctrine or anything like that. 380 00:25:04,680 --> 00:25:08,880 But from Peter the Great to Catherine the Second, these 381 00:25:10,480 --> 00:25:14,640 essentially westernized non or were they converted to Orthodoxy, but 382 00:25:15,079 --> 00:25:17,680 they really weren't Orthodox at all. Peter the Great was Freemason. 383 00:25:17,720 --> 00:25:19,400 The Freemasons dominated the country in the middle of the 384 00:25:19,440 --> 00:25:22,359 eighteenth century. Yeah, they did do a lot of damage 385 00:25:22,599 --> 00:25:24,960 to the church. That took, you know, one hundred years 386 00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:28,599 to be able to work through, and of course it 387 00:25:28,680 --> 00:25:33,079 ended in nineteen seventeen anywhere. So he's right on that one. 388 00:25:33,519 --> 00:25:35,319 Mass education was a fact too. I don't know what 389 00:25:35,400 --> 00:25:41,279 mass means, but the massive amounts of money, the increasing 390 00:25:41,279 --> 00:25:44,720 amounts of money spent on education was extraordinary. Under Alexander 391 00:25:44,759 --> 00:25:49,000 and Nicholas Ukrainian culture. That was a huge error on 392 00:25:49,079 --> 00:25:55,000 their part. That's true. But the Jewish question, which we've 393 00:25:55,000 --> 00:25:57,240 been talking about for god know, it feels like three 394 00:25:57,319 --> 00:26:02,480 years now, he couldn't be any more correct. But it 395 00:26:02,559 --> 00:26:05,200 certainly wasn't from a lack of trying, and it wasn't 396 00:26:05,240 --> 00:26:08,359 from a lack of commissions. That just seemed to be 397 00:26:08,400 --> 00:26:10,519 the habitual answer to things, and it never came up 398 00:26:10,519 --> 00:26:13,359 with an answer. The only one that really mattered was 399 00:26:13,359 --> 00:26:17,680 the first one, the Djjavin Commission. He explained the problem, 400 00:26:18,640 --> 00:26:22,000 but as Jews became more and more powerful, that was forgotten, 401 00:26:23,279 --> 00:26:26,119 and as members of the Senate and Russian elites, many 402 00:26:26,119 --> 00:26:31,599 of whom were unfortunately Freemasons and Westernizers were in business 403 00:26:31,599 --> 00:26:34,359 with these people. So as the commissions went on, as 404 00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:37,359 the nineteenth century went on, they became less and less 405 00:26:37,359 --> 00:26:40,519 relevant because they were being very closely watched, if not staffed, 406 00:26:41,519 --> 00:26:44,200 by the Jews themselves. We spent a lot of time, 407 00:26:44,279 --> 00:26:46,920 and I have a paper on the Djurjavin Commission. It 408 00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:50,000 was extremely important. You don't read about it very much, 409 00:26:50,799 --> 00:26:54,160 you don't hear about it very much. That stated the issue. 410 00:26:55,079 --> 00:26:57,960 Everything else was really a way to muddy the waters. 411 00:26:58,759 --> 00:27:01,960 And so it certainly wasn't from lack of trying. But 412 00:27:02,319 --> 00:27:04,039 as we've said one hundred times, the state was in 413 00:27:04,039 --> 00:27:07,279 a very very difficult position by the middle of the 414 00:27:07,359 --> 00:27:10,519 nineteenth century as well as as well as where we are, 415 00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:12,319 not too long before World War One. 416 00:27:13,920 --> 00:27:16,480 Speaker 1: Meanwhile, during the decades from the seventies to the beginning 417 00:27:16,480 --> 00:27:20,079 of the twentieth century, Russian Judaism experienced a rapid development 418 00:27:20,480 --> 00:27:24,400 and undeniable blossoming of its elite, which already felt cramp 419 00:27:24,519 --> 00:27:27,400 not only within the limits of the Palist settlement but 420 00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:31,720 in those of the Empire. When analyzing the concrete aspects 421 00:27:31,759 --> 00:27:35,720 of the inequality and Jewish rights in Russia, the palest settlement, 422 00:27:35,920 --> 00:27:39,039 and the numerous clausus. We must not lose sight of 423 00:27:39,079 --> 00:27:42,720 this general picture. For if American Judaism grew in importance, 424 00:27:42,799 --> 00:27:44,680 the Jews of Russia at the beginning of the twentieth 425 00:27:44,720 --> 00:27:47,680 century still constituted nearly half of the Jewish population of 426 00:27:47,680 --> 00:27:51,039 the planet. This is to be remembered as an important 427 00:27:51,079 --> 00:27:53,880 fact in the history of Judaism. And it is still 428 00:27:54,400 --> 00:27:57,559 and it is still mister Bakerman, who looking behind him 429 00:27:57,599 --> 00:27:59,960 over the ditch of the Revolution wrote in nineteen twenty five, 430 00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:03,160 before Tsarist Russia was home to more than half the 431 00:28:03,240 --> 00:28:06,680 Jewish people. It is natural, consequently, that the Jewish history 432 00:28:06,680 --> 00:28:09,480 of the generations that are closest to us is mainly 433 00:28:09,519 --> 00:28:13,000 the history of the Jews of Russia. And even though 434 00:28:13,039 --> 00:28:15,240 in the nineteenth century the Jews of the West had 435 00:28:15,240 --> 00:28:18,319 been richer, more influential, and more cultured than we were, 436 00:28:18,839 --> 00:28:22,720 the vitality of Judaism was nevertheless in Russia. And this 437 00:28:22,839 --> 00:28:25,440 vitality grew stronger and stronger at the same time as 438 00:28:25,440 --> 00:28:29,279 the Russian Empire flourished. It was only with provinces populated 439 00:28:29,279 --> 00:28:33,039 by Jews were united to Russia that this rebirth began. 440 00:28:34,160 --> 00:28:36,920 The Jewish population grew rapidly in number, to such an 441 00:28:36,920 --> 00:28:41,039 extent that it was able to leave a very numerous 442 00:28:41,119 --> 00:28:45,400 colony overseas. It had amassed and possessed important capital in 443 00:28:45,440 --> 00:28:48,519 its hands. A middle class had grown an acquired authority. 444 00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:52,440 The standard of living of the lower strata had also 445 00:28:53,039 --> 00:28:56,960 grown incessantly. By a variety of efforts, the Jews of 446 00:28:57,039 --> 00:28:59,640 Russia had been able to overcome the physical and moral 447 00:28:59,680 --> 00:29:05,000 at objection which they had brought from Poland. European culture 448 00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:08,400 and education reached Jewish circles, and we went so far 449 00:29:08,440 --> 00:29:11,880 in this direction. We have amassed such spiritual wealth that 450 00:29:11,920 --> 00:29:14,279 we have been able to afford the luxury of having 451 00:29:14,279 --> 00:29:18,319 a literature in three languages. All this culture, all this wealth. 452 00:29:18,440 --> 00:29:20,960 It is in Russia that the Jews of Eastern Europe 453 00:29:21,160 --> 00:29:24,920 have received them. Russian Judaism, by its numbers and by 454 00:29:25,240 --> 00:29:28,160 the greenness of the energies it contains, proved to be 455 00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:30,359 the backbone of all the Jewish people. 456 00:29:32,279 --> 00:29:34,559 Speaker 2: I don't know what he means by the moral objection 457 00:29:35,960 --> 00:29:39,759 with an A, not an O, because wherever they went 458 00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:44,119 in the European world, they were privileged, or they became privileged. 459 00:29:46,640 --> 00:29:50,480 It's true the numbers were extremely high. The Russian economy 460 00:29:50,599 --> 00:29:55,279 was doing with a few like that. There was a 461 00:29:55,319 --> 00:29:59,480 panic in Russia for a very short time, but in general, 462 00:29:59,519 --> 00:30:03,960 inflation was zero, taxes were low, the couse of living 463 00:30:04,039 --> 00:30:08,119 was low, and wages were to say the least competitive 464 00:30:08,160 --> 00:30:12,880 anywhere else. So it isn't as if the Jews, you know, 465 00:30:12,920 --> 00:30:16,759 dominated everyone else lived in poverty. That's certainly not the case. 466 00:30:16,880 --> 00:30:18,599 I do think that has a lot to do with 467 00:30:18,759 --> 00:30:23,359 the policies of the monarchy, especially under Alexander of the 468 00:30:23,400 --> 00:30:26,680 Third d of the third we talked about Judaism. We're 469 00:30:26,720 --> 00:30:29,559 talking about an ethnic group. The religious aspect of it 470 00:30:29,599 --> 00:30:32,799 was not relevant and was not important. It was only 471 00:30:32,880 --> 00:30:35,000 significant when it had something to do with, you know, 472 00:30:35,119 --> 00:30:39,079 justifying their cohesiveness, justifying revolution or whatever. But that was 473 00:30:39,200 --> 00:30:44,279 a secondary concern. This is an ethnic minority, not a 474 00:30:44,319 --> 00:30:48,400 religious one, and a hostile minority. And of course they 475 00:30:48,440 --> 00:30:52,680 were always in contact with Jewish elite centers at this 476 00:30:52,799 --> 00:31:02,240 point of course, Istanbul, Antwerp, Amsterdam, uh London, increasingly New 477 00:31:02,319 --> 00:31:07,759 York and this, you know, that kind of shape that 478 00:31:07,799 --> 00:31:16,119 it makes I probably should mention Paris, and they they 479 00:31:16,160 --> 00:31:19,720 functioned as a unit. But in terms of sheer numbers, yeah, 480 00:31:19,720 --> 00:31:22,880 it was dominated by by the Russian, by the Russians, 481 00:31:23,119 --> 00:31:27,240 and it was a huge problem for the empire. The 482 00:31:27,319 --> 00:31:30,920 Jews were a problem wherever they go, but they were 483 00:31:30,960 --> 00:31:35,359 they were an elite in the Turkish Empire, and even 484 00:31:35,359 --> 00:31:38,920 there they changed their names to sound more more Turkish, 485 00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:42,200 sometimes to sound more Arabic, depending on where they were, 486 00:31:43,240 --> 00:31:46,720 and but their policies were always the same everywhere, and 487 00:31:46,960 --> 00:31:51,000 it's it's typified by Gazadia, and that's why I focus 488 00:31:51,039 --> 00:31:55,440 so much on that in in my own research. But 489 00:31:56,279 --> 00:31:58,880 it isn't because of the Jews that the Russian economy 490 00:31:58,920 --> 00:32:01,079 was doing very well. It was despite them. 491 00:32:02,440 --> 00:32:06,920 Speaker 1: You mentioned they're changing names. I'd try to remind people 492 00:32:06,960 --> 00:32:10,000 as much as possible, or educate people as much as possible, 493 00:32:10,039 --> 00:32:15,200 that every Prime minister of Israel, with the exception of Monocolm. Bagan, 494 00:32:15,880 --> 00:32:18,279 changed their name to sound more Middle Eastern. 495 00:32:21,319 --> 00:32:26,640 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's Exhamir. Yeah, it's a common tactic, and sometimes 496 00:32:26,640 --> 00:32:28,880 we forget about that. It's like the Sephardic Jews. Their 497 00:32:28,960 --> 00:32:34,559 last names don't sound everyone thinks Goldstein and Goldblatt Sephardic names. 498 00:32:35,240 --> 00:32:38,400 Sometimes they sound Italian or Spanish. You have to be 499 00:32:38,480 --> 00:32:39,079 very careful. 500 00:32:39,920 --> 00:32:43,759 Speaker 1: A more recent author, our contemporary, confirms in nineteen eighty 501 00:32:43,839 --> 00:32:46,960 nine the correctness of this painting, brushed by his elder 502 00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:50,240 witness of the time. He wrote, the public life of 503 00:32:50,279 --> 00:32:52,960 the Jews of Russia had reached at the turn of 504 00:32:53,000 --> 00:32:56,880 the two centuries a degree of maturity and amplitude which 505 00:32:56,920 --> 00:33:02,039 many small peoples in Europe might have envied. If there 506 00:33:02,079 --> 00:33:04,680 is a reproach that cannot be made to the prison 507 00:33:04,720 --> 00:33:08,839 of the people, it is to have denationalized people, be 508 00:33:08,920 --> 00:33:13,839 it the Jews or others. Certain Jewish authors, it is 509 00:33:13,920 --> 00:33:17,000 true deplore the fact that in the eighties the cultivated 510 00:33:17,079 --> 00:33:19,440 Jews of the Capitol had hardly been involved in the 511 00:33:19,480 --> 00:33:22,880 defense of Jewish interests. That only Baron Ginsburg and a 512 00:33:22,920 --> 00:33:26,240 few other wealthy Jews with good relations. The Jews of 513 00:33:26,279 --> 00:33:31,000 Petersburg thirty to forty thousand in nineteen hundred lived unconnected 514 00:33:31,039 --> 00:33:34,799 with one another, and the Jewish intelligentsia in its majority 515 00:33:34,920 --> 00:33:37,960 remained aloof indifferent to the needs and interests of the 516 00:33:37,960 --> 00:33:41,880 community as a whole. Yet it was also the time 517 00:33:41,920 --> 00:33:44,759 when the Holy Spirit of the Renaissance hovered over the 518 00:33:44,799 --> 00:33:48,279 palest settlement and awakened in the younger generations the forces 519 00:33:48,480 --> 00:33:51,240 that had been dormant for many centuries among the Jewish people. 520 00:33:51,880 --> 00:33:55,480 It was a veritable spiritual revolution among Jewish girls, that 521 00:33:55,559 --> 00:34:00,880 thirst for instruction showed literally religious signs already even in 522 00:34:00,920 --> 00:34:04,319 Saint Petersburg, a large number of Jewish students frequently higher 523 00:34:04,400 --> 00:34:08,239 education institutions. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a 524 00:34:08,320 --> 00:34:11,960 great part of the Jewish intelligentsia felt that it was 525 00:34:12,119 --> 00:34:14,360 its duty to return to its people. 526 00:34:15,639 --> 00:34:19,840 Speaker 2: I think the claim that wealthy Jews in the big 527 00:34:19,880 --> 00:34:22,119 cities didn't care about Judaism as a whole, I think 528 00:34:22,159 --> 00:34:28,079 that's if it existed. This writer is wildly exaggerating it. 529 00:34:28,719 --> 00:34:33,760 Their entire their power comes from their cohesiveness, So I 530 00:34:33,760 --> 00:34:36,000 think this might be somewhat of an exaggeration on the 531 00:34:36,039 --> 00:34:38,719 author's part, not cholten Eaton, whoever he's quoting here. 532 00:34:39,320 --> 00:34:41,360 Speaker 1: Thanks to this spiritual awakening at the end of the 533 00:34:41,400 --> 00:34:45,480 nineteenth century, very diverse and sometimes contradictory trends emerged in 534 00:34:45,559 --> 00:34:48,519 Russian Judaism. Some of them will be called upon to 535 00:34:48,639 --> 00:34:51,559 determined to a large extent, the destinies of our land 536 00:34:51,599 --> 00:34:54,960 throughout the twentieth century. At the time, the Jews of 537 00:34:55,039 --> 00:34:59,800 Russia envisaged at least six possible orientations, however incompatible with 538 00:34:59,800 --> 00:35:04,280 the each other. Namely, first, the safeguard of their religious 539 00:35:04,320 --> 00:35:08,280 identity by isolation, as had been practiced for centuries, but 540 00:35:08,400 --> 00:35:15,440 this path became more and more unpopular. Second, assimilation, Third 541 00:35:15,679 --> 00:35:19,320 the struggle for national and cultural autonomy, the active presence 542 00:35:19,320 --> 00:35:24,199 of Judaism in Russia as a distinct element. Fourth immigration, 543 00:35:25,360 --> 00:35:29,840 Fifth adherence to Zionism. Sixth adherence to the Revolution. 544 00:35:31,639 --> 00:35:35,679 Speaker 2: This is a very important list, and he's absolutely correct. 545 00:35:37,480 --> 00:35:39,880 You notice that for the most part, while they are 546 00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:49,880 very different, they don't contradict isolation, immigration don't have much 547 00:35:49,880 --> 00:35:53,679 of an impact. But again, I would like to see 548 00:35:53,679 --> 00:35:57,079 that better defined. We don't even know what assimilation means. 549 00:35:57,079 --> 00:36:02,079 It's certainly not conversion. Zionism, I guess, would be a 550 00:36:02,119 --> 00:36:08,559 form of immigration, but it's certainly not. It's not logically 551 00:36:09,360 --> 00:36:14,880 contradicted by adherence to the Revolution. National cultural autonomy is 552 00:36:15,679 --> 00:36:23,119 the exception of emigration is perfectly compatible with all of them. 553 00:36:23,400 --> 00:36:26,599 And you could also be you know, assimilated and still 554 00:36:26,639 --> 00:36:32,039 struggle for national and cultural autonomy. I don't know what 555 00:36:32,239 --> 00:36:36,800 the identity by isolation unless it simply means that the 556 00:36:36,840 --> 00:36:40,199 old Hasidic idea of just not really being involved with society. 557 00:36:40,199 --> 00:36:43,880 I don't think it means that. But the more I 558 00:36:44,280 --> 00:36:46,239 look at this list, the more I realize how close 559 00:36:46,280 --> 00:36:49,920 they all are to each other, because but even in emmigration, 560 00:36:50,559 --> 00:36:52,639 they still are going to maintain their contacts, depending on 561 00:36:52,679 --> 00:36:57,119 who it is, with their families and their community back home. 562 00:36:57,199 --> 00:37:03,920 Mostes has already connected Zionism and and the Revolution, but 563 00:37:04,199 --> 00:37:07,920 Jews have never been particularly religious in the modern era, 564 00:37:08,679 --> 00:37:11,360 so religious identity, I want to say, maybe a racial 565 00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:15,239 identity there, and it became more and more unpopular because 566 00:37:15,239 --> 00:37:18,880 there was I don't think it was meant to be exploitative, 567 00:37:20,119 --> 00:37:27,400 So yes, there definitely it's more different emphasis emphasis rather 568 00:37:27,480 --> 00:37:29,559 than you know, a path you can go on. You 569 00:37:29,599 --> 00:37:31,760 can go on two or three of these at the 570 00:37:31,800 --> 00:37:38,440 same time. And the only thing emigration and Zionism. The 571 00:37:38,519 --> 00:37:41,400 right wing in Russia, the Black Hundreds in particular, took 572 00:37:41,440 --> 00:37:46,239 that as partially a solution their literature. Black Hundreds literature 573 00:37:46,239 --> 00:37:50,519 near the end of the Russian Empire suggested a mass 574 00:37:50,559 --> 00:37:53,599 deportation to the Middle East, and the support of something 575 00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:58,440 like an autonomous entity there somebody getting them out of 576 00:37:58,440 --> 00:38:01,480 the country. For the most part, I think that was 577 00:38:01,519 --> 00:38:08,320 also in the Christian Socialist Party of in Austria. The 578 00:38:08,360 --> 00:38:11,639 right wing in general kind of had that as a 579 00:38:11,639 --> 00:38:17,760 as a solution. So these these are more personality types 580 00:38:18,320 --> 00:38:22,280 than actual ideological agendas for the most part. And it's 581 00:38:22,320 --> 00:38:25,800 not like, you know, those who supported Zionism hated the revolutionaries. 582 00:38:27,039 --> 00:38:28,760 It was just a matter of what are we going 583 00:38:28,840 --> 00:38:30,000 to do now vers what a we're going to do 584 00:38:30,000 --> 00:38:34,119 in fifty years. And the one thing that holds them 585 00:38:34,119 --> 00:38:40,159 all together, including assimilation, is cohesiveness. Because unless assimilation means 586 00:38:40,199 --> 00:38:45,719 the conversion to Orthodoxy, than that that's probably the vaguest 587 00:38:45,719 --> 00:38:50,960 option here. Then assimilation really just means maintaining a Jewish identity, 588 00:38:51,159 --> 00:38:54,360 but just not you know, telling people about it, just 589 00:38:54,519 --> 00:38:58,400 kind of acting like a normal person in day to 590 00:38:58,480 --> 00:39:02,320 day life. So I'll conclude by saying that these are 591 00:39:02,360 --> 00:39:06,639 personality types, not necessarily agendas that someone's going to be 592 00:39:06,679 --> 00:39:07,239 dedicated to. 593 00:39:07,360 --> 00:39:12,440 Speaker 1: In particular, indeed, the proponents of these different tendencies were 594 00:39:12,440 --> 00:39:15,440 often united in the work of a culturation of the 595 00:39:15,519 --> 00:39:19,599 Jewish masses. In three languages Hebrew, Yiddish and Russian, and 596 00:39:19,639 --> 00:39:22,280 in welfare works. In the spirit of the theory of 597 00:39:22,360 --> 00:39:26,920 small gestures in vogue in Russia in the eighties, mutual 598 00:39:26,960 --> 00:39:30,480 aid was embodied in Jewish association, some of which, after 599 00:39:30,519 --> 00:39:33,639 the Revolution were able to continue their action in emigration. 600 00:39:34,559 --> 00:39:37,039 This was the case with the Society for the Dissemination 601 00:39:37,119 --> 00:39:40,000 of Education among the Jews of Russia, which have been 602 00:39:40,039 --> 00:39:43,719 founded in eighteen sixty three. By the mid nineties, the 603 00:39:43,760 --> 00:39:47,400 society had already was already opening its own schools with 604 00:39:47,840 --> 00:39:51,880 besides in education in Russian courses in Hebrew. It convened 605 00:39:51,920 --> 00:39:55,800 Pan Russian conferences on the theme of Jewish popular education. 606 00:39:57,840 --> 00:40:00,840 In eighteen ninety one began the works of a Commission 607 00:40:00,840 --> 00:40:04,880 of Jewish History and Ethnography, which in nineteen oh eight 608 00:40:04,920 --> 00:40:08,719 became the Society of Jewish History and Ethnography. It coordinated 609 00:40:08,719 --> 00:40:11,800 the study of Jewish history through Russia and the collection 610 00:40:11,920 --> 00:40:17,840 of archives. In eighteen eighty, the King of Railways, Samuel Poliakov, 611 00:40:18,719 --> 00:40:22,400 founded the Society of Craft and Agricultural Labor among the Jews. 612 00:40:23,400 --> 00:40:26,280 The latter collected a good deal of money and devoted 613 00:40:26,320 --> 00:40:29,840 the bulk of its efforts at the beginning of its effort, 614 00:40:30,159 --> 00:40:33,079 of its efforts to the transfer of Jewish artisans outside 615 00:40:33,119 --> 00:40:36,679 the Palist settlements of the central provinces, we have seen 616 00:40:36,719 --> 00:40:40,320 that after the initial authorization given in eighteen sixty five 617 00:40:40,639 --> 00:40:43,679 to this transfer, the craftsmen moved only in small numbers. 618 00:40:44,360 --> 00:40:46,719 What happened after the pograms of eighteen eighty one and 619 00:40:46,760 --> 00:40:51,000 eighteen eighty two. We can think now they will certainly leave. 620 00:40:51,320 --> 00:40:55,079 They have the help. They have the help the SCL 621 00:40:55,280 --> 00:40:58,840 plus a subsidy from the government for the displacement. They 622 00:40:58,840 --> 00:41:02,039 will not remain there moping around, confined in the damned 623 00:41:02,159 --> 00:41:06,000 pale where one was condemned to a wretched death. But no, 624 00:41:06,440 --> 00:41:08,679 after more than ten years of efforts on the parts 625 00:41:08,719 --> 00:41:12,000 of the SCIL, only one hundred and seventy artisans moved. 626 00:41:12,519 --> 00:41:16,760 The SCIL decided that to help artisans inside the Pale 627 00:41:16,760 --> 00:41:21,400 by purchasing tools, setting up workshops, and then creating professional schools. 628 00:41:22,599 --> 00:41:26,360 Speaker 2: This is I mean, he's funny. He knows he's funny 629 00:41:26,760 --> 00:41:32,960 in writing this, but he's tongue in cheek talking about 630 00:41:32,760 --> 00:41:36,199 what your typical academic things was going on in the 631 00:41:36,239 --> 00:41:39,079 Pale at the time. The Pale wasn't in prison. You 632 00:41:39,079 --> 00:41:42,719 could pretty much do whatever you want. Taxes were lower. 633 00:41:43,320 --> 00:41:45,760 As we've said before, it was the privileged part of 634 00:41:45,800 --> 00:41:51,679 the empire. And he's deliberately stating it as if well, 635 00:41:52,519 --> 00:41:57,039 Jews were so tormented by the government apparently, but that's 636 00:41:57,079 --> 00:41:59,199 okay because they'll get a subsidy from the same government 637 00:41:59,199 --> 00:42:03,159 to move else where, which, of course he worded it 638 00:42:03,159 --> 00:42:08,000 that way very much on purpose. And you know, the 639 00:42:08,079 --> 00:42:11,960 mentality was that this, oh, these were minor civil wars, Well, 640 00:42:11,960 --> 00:42:14,199 why would there be displacement after a program that wasn't 641 00:42:14,239 --> 00:42:17,639 you know, very few people died, mostly were Russian arm 642 00:42:17,760 --> 00:42:22,199 Jews usually started it. And that's simply that's a fact 643 00:42:22,239 --> 00:42:25,159 of the matter. We've dealt with that already. Wasn't a 644 00:42:25,159 --> 00:42:28,760 whole lot of property damage. But that's how it's going 645 00:42:28,800 --> 00:42:32,280 to be explained. And we know that that's the case, 646 00:42:32,320 --> 00:42:36,360 at least in part because they wouldn't leave. Why would 647 00:42:36,440 --> 00:42:41,320 why would Polionkov give a damn whether they stay in 648 00:42:41,360 --> 00:42:43,840 the pale or not. The only possible reason he could 649 00:42:43,880 --> 00:42:47,880 have is that in spreading them around, he can increase 650 00:42:47,920 --> 00:42:53,360 their influence. But again, artisans now, and I'm talking about 651 00:42:53,559 --> 00:42:57,519 like we would say, basically the trades today working with 652 00:42:57,559 --> 00:43:02,440 your hands in a very skilled way. We've already established 653 00:43:02,440 --> 00:43:06,280 that that's a small minority of the Jewish population, So 654 00:43:06,320 --> 00:43:08,280 I think this was kind of a made up issue 655 00:43:08,280 --> 00:43:13,159 more than anything else. Just like they wouldn't form the land, 656 00:43:13,559 --> 00:43:15,039 they really weren't going to work with their hands. It 657 00:43:15,159 --> 00:43:19,920 certainly existed, you know, butchers and things like that, but 658 00:43:20,400 --> 00:43:25,800 it was hardly an important part of other Jewish community 659 00:43:25,840 --> 00:43:26,320 at the time. 660 00:43:27,400 --> 00:43:30,800 Speaker 1: Immigration was taken over by the Society for Colonization by 661 00:43:30,800 --> 00:43:35,280 the Jews, whose creation followed the opposite course, first abroad, 662 00:43:35,440 --> 00:43:38,519 then in Russia. It was founded in London in eighteen 663 00:43:38,599 --> 00:43:42,400 ninety one by Baron Maritz von Hirsch, who for the 664 00:43:42,440 --> 00:43:46,840 purpose made a donation of two million pounds sterling. His 665 00:43:46,960 --> 00:43:50,039 idea was the following, to substitute the chaotic immigration of 666 00:43:50,079 --> 00:43:53,920 the Jews of Eastern Europe with a well ordered colonization 667 00:43:54,199 --> 00:43:58,400 oriented towards the countries requiring cultivators, and thus to bring 668 00:43:58,480 --> 00:44:01,280 back at least part of the Jews to the cultivation 669 00:44:01,360 --> 00:44:04,239 of the land, to free them from this anomaly, which 670 00:44:04,280 --> 00:44:08,119 arouses the animosity of the European peoples to seek for 671 00:44:08,159 --> 00:44:10,679 the Jews who leave Russia a new homeland and to 672 00:44:10,760 --> 00:44:14,719 try to divert them from their usual activity trade, make 673 00:44:14,760 --> 00:44:17,239 them farmers, and thereby contribute to the work of the 674 00:44:17,280 --> 00:44:20,760 rebirth of the Jewish people. This new homeland it would 675 00:44:20,760 --> 00:44:23,760 be Argentina. Another objective was to divert the wave of 676 00:44:23,800 --> 00:44:27,159 Jewish immigration away from the shores of the United States, where, 677 00:44:27,480 --> 00:44:30,760 owing to the influx of immigrants the wage decline induced 678 00:44:30,760 --> 00:44:35,719 by their competition, there rose the specter of antisemitism, as 679 00:44:35,760 --> 00:44:38,840 it was proposed to populate this land with Jews. Of Russia. 680 00:44:38,920 --> 00:44:42,519 An office of the Society for Colonization opened in Saint 681 00:44:42,559 --> 00:44:45,840 Petersburg in eighteen ninety two. It set up four hundred 682 00:44:45,840 --> 00:44:50,719 and fifty information offices and twenty neighborhood committees. They received 683 00:44:50,719 --> 00:44:53,880 the candidates for emigration to help them obtain their exit 684 00:44:53,920 --> 00:44:57,760 papers from the territory. They negotiated with the maritime messengers. 685 00:44:57,960 --> 00:45:02,119 They procured travelers with tickets at reduced prices. They published 686 00:45:02,159 --> 00:45:07,280 for assures on countries likely to welcome new settlers. Slosberg 687 00:45:07,440 --> 00:45:11,679 denounces in passing the fact that no person not holding 688 00:45:11,719 --> 00:45:14,360 a double title as a banker or a millionaire had 689 00:45:14,440 --> 00:45:15,840 access to their direction. 690 00:45:17,559 --> 00:45:23,480 Speaker 2: Well, I think our listeners already have figured out that 691 00:45:23,599 --> 00:45:30,519 this society for colonization, the justification for it is complete propaganda. 692 00:45:30,840 --> 00:45:34,880 And the Hirsch and others who set it up knew 693 00:45:34,880 --> 00:45:38,800 that this had nothing to do with making them cultivators. 694 00:45:39,199 --> 00:45:43,719 I guarantee you that it's a double entendre that cultivators 695 00:45:43,760 --> 00:45:47,360 meaning you know, the revolution for Jewish power or wherever. 696 00:45:47,800 --> 00:45:50,239 What they really mean is they're sending Jews to places 697 00:45:50,239 --> 00:45:53,000 that don't have a lot of them, but still there's 698 00:45:53,000 --> 00:45:57,239 a lot of potential for moneymaker to create a network 699 00:45:57,480 --> 00:46:02,960 to even out the numbers. I've heard of Argentina before, 700 00:46:03,000 --> 00:46:05,960 idn't obviously didn't last long. I don't know why Argentina. 701 00:46:07,760 --> 00:46:11,880 The Zionist movement was. Zionist movement tended to focus on 702 00:46:12,400 --> 00:46:16,559 Middle East, but emigration, which is specifically the issue here. 703 00:46:16,880 --> 00:46:21,480 There was a lot of other places, of course, depending 704 00:46:21,480 --> 00:46:23,159 on what year we're talking about. Let's say, you know, 705 00:46:23,280 --> 00:46:28,079 nineteen hundred, the Jews were just starting to get a 706 00:46:28,159 --> 00:46:32,000 toe hold in places like New York, especially Brooklyn, places 707 00:46:32,039 --> 00:46:35,199 like that. But this has nothing to do with getting 708 00:46:35,239 --> 00:46:40,119 people to farm the land that was written with the 709 00:46:40,159 --> 00:46:45,840 Goyamin mind acting like that that's even an issue. Obviously, 710 00:46:45,840 --> 00:46:49,039 that's not the case, it's about power, it's about evening 711 00:46:49,039 --> 00:46:51,679 out the population. It's about making sure that there's a 712 00:46:51,719 --> 00:46:57,800 substantial community in most politically or economically significant parts of 713 00:46:57,840 --> 00:46:58,880 Europe and the Americas. 714 00:47:00,159 --> 00:47:02,119 Speaker 1: I know this is something we keep bringing up, but 715 00:47:02,760 --> 00:47:04,880 you know, most people and maybe this is the first 716 00:47:04,880 --> 00:47:09,039 episode some people will hear. But this Society for Colonization 717 00:47:09,199 --> 00:47:11,559 was opened in Saint Petersburg in eighteen ninety two, and 718 00:47:11,599 --> 00:47:13,760 they opened up four hundred and fifty offices and had 719 00:47:13,800 --> 00:47:17,559 twenty neighborhood committees. If all of the Russia, if all 720 00:47:17,559 --> 00:47:21,440 of the Jews were in jail in the palest settlement, 721 00:47:21,920 --> 00:47:24,880 how do they have four hundred and fifty information offices 722 00:47:25,360 --> 00:47:27,719 in Saint Petersburg in eighteen ninety two? 723 00:47:29,519 --> 00:47:30,559 Speaker 2: There were magical people. 724 00:47:33,440 --> 00:47:35,639 Speaker 1: Since the end of the nineteenth century, the emigration of 725 00:47:35,719 --> 00:47:39,079 Jews from Russia had been growing steadily for various reasons, 726 00:47:39,320 --> 00:47:41,559 some of which have already been mentioned here. One of 727 00:47:41,599 --> 00:47:45,079 the most serious of these was a compulsory conscription. If 728 00:47:45,079 --> 00:47:48,159 so many young men, it is Denikin who writes it, 729 00:47:48,559 --> 00:47:51,880 chose to mutilate themselves, was it not better to emigrate, 730 00:47:52,559 --> 00:47:55,480 Especially when we know that conscription simply did not exist 731 00:47:55,480 --> 00:47:58,559 in the United States. The Jewish authors are silent on 732 00:47:58,599 --> 00:48:01,280 this motif and the Jewish and cycle itself. In the 733 00:48:01,360 --> 00:48:03,920 article the emigration of the Jews of Russia does not 734 00:48:04,000 --> 00:48:06,159 say a single word of it. It is true that 735 00:48:06,239 --> 00:48:08,960 this reason does not explain on its own the immigration 736 00:48:09,079 --> 00:48:13,360 boom in the nineties. Another reason, also of significance the 737 00:48:13,400 --> 00:48:16,960 provisional Regulations of eighteen eighty two. The third major shock 738 00:48:17,079 --> 00:48:19,800 was the expulsion of Jewish craftsmen from Moscow in eighteen 739 00:48:19,880 --> 00:48:23,920 ninety one, and also this other very violent the establishment 740 00:48:23,960 --> 00:48:26,760 of the state monopoly on spirits in Russia in eighteen 741 00:48:26,840 --> 00:48:30,199 ninety six, which deprive all the tenets of drinking places 742 00:48:30,199 --> 00:48:33,239 of their income and reduce the revenues of the distillers. 743 00:48:33,960 --> 00:48:37,119 Celias Berg, those who had been expelled from the villages 744 00:48:37,239 --> 00:48:41,280 or provinces of the interior were volunteers for immigration. Shee 745 00:48:41,480 --> 00:48:44,360 Aronson notes that in the eighties and average of fifteen 746 00:48:44,440 --> 00:48:47,960 thousand Jews emigrated each year, and that they were up 747 00:48:48,000 --> 00:48:51,360 to that was up to thirty thousand in the nineties. 748 00:48:52,840 --> 00:48:58,480 Speaker 2: Well, that's probably a legitimate list of things. We already 749 00:48:58,519 --> 00:49:05,320 talked about the monopolization of of vodka, and it did 750 00:49:05,480 --> 00:49:08,239 did hurt to Jews to some extent. We also keep 751 00:49:08,239 --> 00:49:10,840 in mind we've dealt with this a while ago, that 752 00:49:10,920 --> 00:49:13,840 the word craftsmen, and this is relevant to the to 753 00:49:13,880 --> 00:49:17,679 the other paragraph we just were talking about. Jews were 754 00:49:18,000 --> 00:49:20,639 never very honest as to what they did. They would 755 00:49:20,679 --> 00:49:23,800 claim to be a cultivator or a craftsman and have 756 00:49:23,840 --> 00:49:25,960 nothing to do with it. I think it was a 757 00:49:25,960 --> 00:49:28,199 few weeks ago we came across that that issue in 758 00:49:28,719 --> 00:49:33,960 jol Zenniensen, and it was precisely because they were not craftsmen. 759 00:49:34,119 --> 00:49:37,960 They were they were merchants trying to undersell Russian merchants 760 00:49:37,960 --> 00:49:40,119 that they they were. They were kicked out that and 761 00:49:40,119 --> 00:49:44,719 beyond the fact that they were of course revolutionaries. But 762 00:49:44,840 --> 00:49:50,400 the establishment of the of the monopoly, and this is 763 00:49:50,440 --> 00:49:53,679 this is roughly around the time where the Union of 764 00:49:53,679 --> 00:49:56,639 the Russian People was being founded in Ukraine, there was 765 00:49:56,719 --> 00:49:59,519 some reaction. Nicholas the second was well aware of the 766 00:49:59,559 --> 00:50:02,320 Jewish issue. Whether that was important or not, I'm not 767 00:50:02,320 --> 00:50:06,559 one percent sure, but I'm willing to say that that 768 00:50:08,679 --> 00:50:10,840 was a big chunk of the reason why you had 769 00:50:10,880 --> 00:50:14,119 this immigration, which as far as Russians were concerned, was 770 00:50:14,159 --> 00:50:14,800 a very good thing. 771 00:50:16,039 --> 00:50:18,079 Speaker 1: The attitude of the Russian authorities in the face of 772 00:50:18,119 --> 00:50:22,039 this growing immigration, a genuine boons of the state was benevolent. 773 00:50:22,360 --> 00:50:25,199 The Russian government readily agreed to the establishment of the 774 00:50:25,280 --> 00:50:28,760 SCJ and Saint Petersburg and the measures that had adopted 775 00:50:28,800 --> 00:50:31,719 to promote emigration. It did not interfere in any of 776 00:50:31,760 --> 00:50:34,800 its aspects, authorizing the age group of the conscripts to 777 00:50:34,840 --> 00:50:38,320 emigrate with their families. It issued free exit visas and 778 00:50:38,320 --> 00:50:42,760 granted special rates on trains. On one condition, however, once gone, 779 00:50:42,840 --> 00:50:45,840 the emigrants were never to turn to Russia again. 780 00:50:46,719 --> 00:50:48,719 Speaker 2: Well, now that's a commission I can get behind. 781 00:50:49,320 --> 00:50:52,159 Speaker 1: It's a commission I can get behind. But enforce Again, 782 00:50:52,559 --> 00:50:54,320 It's always about enforcement, isn't it. 783 00:50:55,079 --> 00:50:58,159 Speaker 2: They were smugglers, you know, they acted as a as 784 00:50:58,199 --> 00:51:01,880 a crime syndicator, which is why they adapted so easily 785 00:51:02,239 --> 00:51:04,440 in the US, in New York and in a few 786 00:51:04,480 --> 00:51:11,239 other places Chicago. During Prohibition, there were plenty of people 787 00:51:11,280 --> 00:51:14,039 in Russia who knew what was going on, including in 788 00:51:14,079 --> 00:51:18,239 the royal family. The peasantry always knew what was going on. 789 00:51:18,559 --> 00:51:22,079 Russian merchants more that anyone knew what was going on. 790 00:51:22,159 --> 00:51:25,159 So Jews were starting to realize that they're pushing, but 791 00:51:25,199 --> 00:51:28,559 they have no conception of pulling back. That's not in 792 00:51:28,599 --> 00:51:32,039 their vocabulary. So emigration was sort of a way to 793 00:51:32,159 --> 00:51:36,960 release some of the pressure. Their population was exploding, but 794 00:51:37,639 --> 00:51:40,840 both the royal family and many other segments of the 795 00:51:40,880 --> 00:51:42,440 population had had enough. 796 00:51:43,480 --> 00:51:46,199 Speaker 1: It's across the ocean. It was necessary at that at 797 00:51:46,199 --> 00:51:48,599 the time to pass through England, which meant that in 798 00:51:48,639 --> 00:51:51,840 the English port cities there was provisionally a crowd of 799 00:51:51,920 --> 00:51:55,599 Jewish immigrants, some of whom remained and settled in Great Britain, 800 00:51:55,679 --> 00:51:58,320 while others returned there after an attempt to settle in 801 00:51:58,360 --> 00:52:01,920 the United States. As early as eighteen ninety, English public 802 00:52:01,960 --> 00:52:05,280 opinion rebelled against the policy of the Russian government. The 803 00:52:05,360 --> 00:52:08,159 Jewish question is constantly occupying the columns of the British 804 00:52:08,239 --> 00:52:11,360 newspapers in America too. The question of the situation of 805 00:52:11,440 --> 00:52:16,000 Jews in Russia remains day after day of actuality. Having 806 00:52:16,079 --> 00:52:19,800 assessed the propositions that this migratory flow was likely to take, 807 00:52:20,159 --> 00:52:22,320 Great Britain soon closed its doors. 808 00:52:24,079 --> 00:52:27,800 Speaker 2: Well, we've dealt with this as well. Britain, especially its media, 809 00:52:27,960 --> 00:52:30,760 was so dominated by Jews. I mean, this was the 810 00:52:30,760 --> 00:52:34,199 home of the Rothchnold family, that this became an obsession 811 00:52:34,719 --> 00:52:39,880 like race in America. It's the same mentality. It was 812 00:52:39,920 --> 00:52:44,800 a way to whether the ultimate point or purpose of 813 00:52:44,800 --> 00:52:48,880 British policy was to overthrow the monarchy and bring about 814 00:52:49,079 --> 00:52:53,639 a liberal, leftist revolution. What occurred, you know, the February Revolution, 815 00:52:54,920 --> 00:52:59,480 the Masonic Revolution in Russia, that was the point. Jews 816 00:53:00,119 --> 00:53:02,480 realized that so long and Karl Marx said this, angles 817 00:53:02,480 --> 00:53:06,239 said this. Most major Marxist writers at the end of 818 00:53:06,280 --> 00:53:10,840 the nineteenth century said this, after Marx, so long as 819 00:53:10,880 --> 00:53:12,800 the Russian Empire exists, that is, so long as the 820 00:53:12,840 --> 00:53:17,800 Russian monarchy exists, revolution throughout Europe is not going to happen. 821 00:53:18,719 --> 00:53:21,039 For that to happen, the Russian crown has to go. 822 00:53:21,400 --> 00:53:23,440 And this was said by Jews all over the place. 823 00:53:25,679 --> 00:53:28,960 It was simply too wealthy, too large, growing too quickly, 824 00:53:29,599 --> 00:53:34,000 and too aware of the Jewish problem. And after the 825 00:53:34,000 --> 00:53:38,960 reigns of Alexander and Nicholas, Nicholas the first, before before them, 826 00:53:39,039 --> 00:53:43,039 before ilex Ander the second, you know, this knowledge of 827 00:53:43,679 --> 00:53:49,320 what the Jews were in Russia was growing. The monarchy 828 00:53:49,400 --> 00:53:52,960 in Russia was a huge block to rothschild domination of 829 00:53:53,000 --> 00:53:56,639 that market. The currency and gold reserves and everything else. 830 00:53:57,400 --> 00:54:01,039 The monarchy had to go, which is one of the reasons, 831 00:54:01,079 --> 00:54:03,719 probably maybe the dominant reason why the Jewish question was 832 00:54:03,760 --> 00:54:07,599 such an obsession in the so called British media at 833 00:54:07,599 --> 00:54:08,000 the time. 834 00:54:09,199 --> 00:54:12,360 Speaker 1: They do one last paragraph and leave it off there 835 00:54:12,400 --> 00:54:13,840 because it looks like there's a little bit of a. 836 00:54:13,760 --> 00:54:15,320 Speaker 2: Break here, okay. 837 00:54:15,840 --> 00:54:19,320 Speaker 1: The immigration to Argentina had also stopped in eighteen ninety four. 838 00:54:19,519 --> 00:54:22,960 The Jewish Encyclopedia described this as a brooding crisis. In 839 00:54:23,039 --> 00:54:27,800 the Argentine Question, Sleiosperg spoke of the disenchantment of immigrants 840 00:54:27,800 --> 00:54:31,000 in Argentina. The disc ground old rebelled and sent collective 841 00:54:31,079 --> 00:54:36,400 petitions to the administration of Baron Hirsch. The Duma debates 842 00:54:36,599 --> 00:54:40,559 highlighted a situation similar to the experience in New Russia. 843 00:54:40,960 --> 00:54:44,800 Immigration to Argentina provides examples that confirm that in many 844 00:54:44,840 --> 00:54:50,000 cases people have received land on very advantageous terms, but 845 00:54:50,119 --> 00:54:53,159 have abandoned it to engage in other trades more in 846 00:54:53,199 --> 00:54:54,639 line with their abilities. 847 00:54:55,280 --> 00:54:58,199 Speaker 2: If Russians at this point hadn't learned this, then they 848 00:54:58,239 --> 00:55:01,719 really they need to find another job. This is one 849 00:55:01,760 --> 00:55:04,480 thing absolutely undeniable, Like the sun's gonna come up in 850 00:55:04,480 --> 00:55:09,679 the morning. That last sentence is absolutely and precisely true. 851 00:55:10,239 --> 00:55:12,760 You didn't need Argentina. I don't know that much about 852 00:55:12,760 --> 00:55:15,039 the immigration there or why there. You don't need the 853 00:55:15,159 --> 00:55:19,039 Argentine situation to convince you of that. That's been the 854 00:55:19,079 --> 00:55:22,159 experience in Russia for the last one hundred years. 855 00:55:22,840 --> 00:55:26,320 Speaker 1: All right, So we'll come back with episode thirty two. 856 00:55:27,320 --> 00:55:29,760 I encourage everyone to go to the show notes. Go 857 00:55:29,800 --> 00:55:31,920 to the show notes on the videos that are posted 858 00:55:32,199 --> 00:55:37,440 on YouTube, on Rumble and on Odyssey. Click the links 859 00:55:37,559 --> 00:55:41,760 and support doctor Johnson's work so he can keep educating 860 00:55:41,960 --> 00:55:42,639 us here. 861 00:55:43,440 --> 00:55:44,159 Speaker 2: Thank you, my friend. 862 00:55:44,880 --> 00:55:46,519 Speaker 1: Of course I appreciate it, and I'll talk to you 863 00:55:46,599 --> 00:55:48,440 in a couple of days. Thank you, doctor Johnson.