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Speaker 1: Elon, thanks so much for being here today. As you know,

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and many people in the audience know, we're reprising a

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fireless fireside chat that we did at Air Force Space

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Pitch Day back in November. I ran into General Goldfeend,

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the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force,

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this morning, and maybe I was being a little bit

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too confident, but I said, hey, I think that we

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did such a good job together at Space Pitch Day

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that Elon and I got invited back for a much

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bigger audience, higher stakes and everything like that. And General

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Goldfeind looked at me and went, no, JT. You guys

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are going to do it until you get it right.

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So we're going to talk a little bit today about innovation.

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For those of you in the audience that nothing that

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was introduced about Elon made it to the prefrontal cortex,

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and you're like, I still don't know who this guy is.

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You may remember him from a movie role in Iron

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Man two or the TV show The Big Bang Theory.

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Speaker 2: You may remember him if you're.

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Speaker 1: Old like me, when you used to have to do

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dial in modems, you may remember how PayPal actually worked

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over a dial in modem. And if just In case

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you've had your head in the sand for the last decade,

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you absolutely have.

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Speaker 3: To know him.

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Speaker 1: For Space Exploration Technologies SpaceX, a tremendous partner of the

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United States Air Force in the space business.

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Speaker 2: And for Tesla.

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Speaker 1: So for just for grins, this fastest growing auto company

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on the planet, most amazing capability. And when Elon pulled up,

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he pulled up, he and his entourage in three different

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Tesla's this morning.

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Speaker 2: How many Tesla owners do we have in the audience?

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Speaker 1: Stand up? Stand up if you're a Tesl owner? All right,

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very nice. So Elon, you and I have talked about

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whether the Air Force is the most innovative service the

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Department of the Air Force now and the last time

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we interviewed it was.

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Speaker 2: It was just the Air Force.

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Speaker 1: Now we're the Air Force and the Space Force as

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part of the Department of the Air Force. Most of

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those people who stood up were in the front row.

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We have a lot of first adopters here in the

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front of the audience apparently, or maybe those.

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Speaker 2: Are the folks that just make the most money. Who knows.

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Speaker 1: Okay, So again, today's today's discussion is about innovation and

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how we can make the Department of the Air Force,

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the most innovative department within the Department of Defense and

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perhaps across the United States government.

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Speaker 2: So elon question number one.

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Speaker 1: When you put a weapon system or a product into

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production and you start delivering it to your customers, very

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very frequently, there is a pushback within the production organization

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that you know, we don't want to change that product

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too much.

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Speaker 2: It's successful.

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Speaker 1: We have a lot of legacy systems that we're responsible

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for in the Department of the Air Force. There is

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a lot of reticence at times to incrementally improve or

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add new capabilities to those systems. From the context of

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Tesla and SpaceX, how do you motivate your workforce, how

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do you work with your customers, how do you work

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with technologists in your ecosystems, your various ecosystems to try

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and make sure that products don't become stagnant and they

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continue to incrementally improve over time.

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Speaker 3: Sure, well, first of all, thanks for having me here.

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Speaker 4: It's an honor to be here with you and with

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with everyone else from the Space Slash Air Force, and

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obviously had long relationship with the Air Force and very

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much appreciate the support of the years. So I just

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want to make sure to say that and look forward

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to doing a lot of interesting things in the future.

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I think it's actually it's cool that that there is

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that the creation of the space forces is happening. I

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think there's you know, it makes sense that there's a

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major branch for every domain, you know, with that and

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and so the domain of space the domain of error

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are both important. But I think space space is is

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certainly a medium of its own, and I think there's

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some very exciting things that are possible. If I may

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just say it, like what, you know, what the public wants?

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I think, and direction pretty confident that the public doesn't want.

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Speaker 3: This is a starfleet academy, you know, like.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, like how do we make start, how do we

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make star Trek real? You know, that'd be pretty amazing.

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I would love that, you know, And so I think, like,

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the fastest we can make sort of star fleet reel,

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then let's try to do that.

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Speaker 3: Well.

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Speaker 2: So elon speaking speaking.

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Speaker 1: For the United States Space Force, there already is a

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starfleet academy. It's the United States Air Force Academy in

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Colorado Springs, Colorado.

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Speaker 3: Yep.

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Speaker 4: But I've been there, I've given a talk, and you know,

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the first launch of Falcon one, we had a Falcon

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SAT from the Air Force Academy.

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Speaker 3: That rocket blew up.

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Speaker 4: But but but but then the funny thing is that

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it blew up like he's this truth of strange than fiction.

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Speaker 3: The the satellite.

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Speaker 4: Was shot through the firing, walked through the air a

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couple hundred meters, and then plunged through the roof of

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a tool shed, uh and then landed on the floor

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and was actually in reasonably good shape, I mean for

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crashing through the ceiling. But you know, you're like recognizable,

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you know, And and we gave we get to give

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it back and so we've not lost one of your satellites.

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Speaker 1: So so from a SpaceX perspective, a partial mission success.

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Speaker 3: It's like, well it's it's not lost. I'm just saying.

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Speaker 4: It's a little the worse for there's a little bit

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worse for were of it, you know, but material. But

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then we subsequently launched future Falcons that's the actual orbit

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that was great. So so so I think I think

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there's I think we can go a long way towards

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making star Fleet reel and making.

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Speaker 3: These uh sort of.

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Speaker 4: Utopian or semi semi utopian future is real, but it

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will definitely require radical innovation. One can't get there by

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incrementally innovating expendable boosters. There's just no way. So the

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I think we need to push for radical breakthroughs. And

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if you don't push for radical breakthroughs, you're not going

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to get radical outcomes. And that that does mean taking risks,

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and common sense that the if you take a big

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risk in order to have a bigger reward, there must

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be a big risk. It's most of the time you

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cannot find bigger reward for small risk. That's those are rare,

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so you're going to have some proportionality of the risk

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and reward. But if if the goal is important enough,

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and I think increasingly the goal is important for for

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many reasons, the goal of having the best technology in space,

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that that is I think going to become increasingly important,

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and it'll be increasingly increasingly important for the United States

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to use what I think is its greatest attribute, which

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is invention and innovation two to create space technology that

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is the best in the world. And in fact, I

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think if the United States does not use breakthrough innovation,

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it will fulbind. Yeah, so I think this is that

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this is not something that was a risk in times past,

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but I think is a risk now.

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Speaker 3: Okay, so.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, do you characterize that risk in terms of pure

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adversary competition around the planet?

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Speaker 2: Are you are you?

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Speaker 1: Are you suggesting that it's our adversaries that require us

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to be that those radical innovators or is it just

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we can't become complacent and stay.

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Speaker 2: Incrementally improving our systems.

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Speaker 1: We must take those giant leaps forward as a nation

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regardless of the competition.

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Speaker 4: I think there's there's little I have zero doubt that

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if the United States does not take does not seek

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great innovations in space, it will be second in space

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with as sure as nightfall is day. So it is

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a big deal. But this, this, this is a I

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mean a very innovative that you know, there's no country

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more innovative an eventive than the United States.

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Speaker 3: So it's just important to use that attributes. That's that's

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the ace card. Okay.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, And since so since it seems like we're going

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down the geopolitical path here on the on the questions,

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how does the United States as a nation maintain that

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innovative edge, that that ability to invest in things and

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take those risks. What kind of of governmental policies or

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process as do we have to encourage the right kinds

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of behavior In your view.

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Speaker 4: Well, I think having outcome based procurement is actually very important.

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So you say, like, this is the outcome that is sought,

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and whoever can achieve this outcome or achieve this outcome

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to a greater degree that that company will that that's

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who the Air Force will do business with and will

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procure the thing that is that is radically innovative as

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measured by what is important for leadership in space. So

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I mean, I do think it's it's absolutely fundamental to

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achieve full reusability in access to space.

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Speaker 3: This is this is the holy grail of space.

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Speaker 4: At the point of which you have full reusability for

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orbital rockets, then you have a profound advantage over anyone

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else's profound. It would be like if in the Air Force,

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if if you if you had planes that could be

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used once and or if you if you had if

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you had multi use planes that can be flown over

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and over again like normal, and all your adversaries had

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single use planes, that would be no contest. It's the

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same thing as space. Okay, Yeah, this is extremely fundamental.

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So the the cost of a propellant is typically on

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the order of one of the cost of the of

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the vehicle or less. So if you have a vehicle

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that is say locks kerosene like Falcon I or something

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like that, it's the oxygen and the fuel are yeah,

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maybe half million dollars or something like that. But then

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depending upon the mission, the mission price can be anywhere

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from like sixty to one hundred million dollars. So no,

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Falcon nine is a partially reusable vehicle, but not fully.

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The vehicle we're working on right now, quite difficult, is

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a starship, and yeah, that has the potential for full reusability,

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but I think it would be great to have other

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companies as well that are doing full reusability. I think

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competition is a good thing. It may seem at times that,

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you know, shouldn't we focus all our efforts on one

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system and brought.

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Speaker 3: Rather than divide them and have two.

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Speaker 4: Competing systems, like, you know, not to cause controversy, but

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like in my opinion, like Joint Strike Fighter, should this

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should be a competitor to JS that that's uh as

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a controversial subject, but you know, I think it's it's

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not it's not good to have one one provider. It's

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good to have competition where that competition is meaningful and

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somebody can actually lose.

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Speaker 3: That's like you know, so then then.

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Speaker 1: So yeah, okay, yeah, So in radical innovation, obviously the

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workforce is a really key component of that. I mean,

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as I mean during your PayPal days, you were actually

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doing coding, right, But in SpaceX and Tesla they are

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so large that Elon can't do everything. What sort of

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things do you think about in terms of motivating a

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workforce like we have in the Department of the Air Force,

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that will help them become more radically innovative. What sort

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of things do you look for in people or in

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processes that make the workforce better?

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Speaker 3: Sure?

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Speaker 4: Well, I think the massive thing that can be done

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is to make sure your incentive structure is such that

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innovation is rewarded and lack of innovation is punished. They've

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got to be a characteristic So if somebody is innovating

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and making good progress, then they should be promoted sooner.

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And if somebody is completely failing to innovate. Not every

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role requires innovation, but if they're in a role where

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innovation is should be happening, and it's not happening, then

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they should either not be promoted or exited. And let

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me tell you, you'll get promote, you'll get you, you'll

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get innovation real fast.

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Speaker 3: Okay, let's stick. Yeah, it's like how much do you want?

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Speaker 2: H So?

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Speaker 1: Does that does that carrot and stick approach help? Do

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you think people be more risk averse or less risk averse?

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Speaker 3: Well?

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Speaker 4: Poor when you when when trying different things, you've got

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to have some acceptance of failure. As you're alluding to earlier,

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failure must be an option. If failure is not an option,

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it's going to result in extremely conservative choices and you

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may not may get something even worse than lack of innovation.

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Speaker 3: Things may go backwards. So, if what you really want is.

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Speaker 4: A risk risk, you wann't reward and punishment to be

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proportionate to the actions that you seek. So if if

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what you're seeking is innovation, then should reward success and

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innovation and only there should be minor consequences for lack

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of minor consequences for for.

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Speaker 3: Trying and failing. Should that there should be minor.

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Speaker 4: Significant rewards for trying and succeeding, minor consequences for trying

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and not succeeding, and big and and major negative consequences

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for not trying.

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Speaker 3: Okay, So.

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Speaker 4: If you have that incentive structure, you will get innovation

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like you can't believe.

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Speaker 1: Okay, So you've you've talked at Tesla's shareholder meetings and

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in various interviews that you consider the machine that builds

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the machine to be just as important, if not more important,

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than the machine itself.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So we talked about the workforce aspects. Are there processes

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that you use within your company that are parts of

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that machine that you think are particularly valuable for innovative

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radical change?

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Speaker 4: Well, what I mean by the machine that builds the

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machine is that the production Designing the production system of

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a new product is I think at least an order

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of magnitude or too ards magnitude hotter than designing the

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initial prototype.

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Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 4: I think like in America, there's been less, less of

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a less importance in modern times placed on manufacturing, and

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I think this is a mistake, Like at this point,

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really classify And in fact I sent an email to

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the to SpaceX just saying this, like, at this point,

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I think designing a rocket is trivial, just trivial, there's

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like tons of books that will you read them? You know,

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you can understand equations. You can design a rocket. It's

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really really easy. Yeah, if you say like two stage

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two and two percent of your lift off master orbit

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from it just to design something like that piece case. Uh,

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Now I say you want to go into production with that,

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or if you want you want to actually make Let's say,

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the next step is you want to make even one

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of those things. Okay, Now, making even one of those

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things and getting it to orbit is hard, but the

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designing of it is not hard. The making of it

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is even one is hard. The making of a production

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line that builds and launches many is a extremely hard.

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And then the next level beyond that would be, uh,

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are creating a fully reusable system and having that be

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in volume production and volume launch. That's the that's super

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super hard.

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Speaker 3: So that's so yeah.

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Speaker 4: But but by building the machine and bolt machine, I mean,

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I mean creating the production system, and I keep emphasizing

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to SpaceX, the hard part is making it and making

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lots of them and launching frequently, because reuse must not

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just be it can't be reused like the shuttle. It's

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got to be rapid and complete reuse. So the shuttle

301
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was a case where the reuse was very slow and

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it was not complete. The main tag was lost every time,

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and ref the shuttle between flights was extremely expensive. It's

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not even clear whether it was worth recovering the booster

305
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shells from the ocean. So so just like an aircraft,

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the rocket must be rapidly and completely reasonable, and then

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you need lots of them. And then I've been sort

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of just doing back, kind of back of the envelope

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of what's needed to establish a self sustaining city on Mars.

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Speaker 3: And these are like big numbers, but like you.

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Speaker 4: Need on the order of a million tons to the

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surface of Mars useful payload something like that, because we

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sit on the top of a massive base of infrastructure,

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or you know, the economy is you think of all

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the things that are mined and then refined and then

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and then the many steps in the refinement, and in

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order to produce like your phone or your host or

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even there's there's a vast base of industry that was

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required to produce even a simple household item. It's very difficult.

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So so you've got to recreate that on Mars, some

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million tons on Mars means we're just talking to orders

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of magnitude here, and hopefully it's not ten million tons,

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and hopefully maybe it's less than a million tons, but

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probably not one hundred thousand tons. So that that means

325
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you need to get about about five million tons to

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Earth orbit of useful failureed. So you're talking in like

327
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the like. So essentially, unless you have a launch system

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that is somewhere in the mega ton per year range

329
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to orbit, it's not it's not relevant.

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Speaker 3: Okay. Yeah, So.

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Speaker 1: Starlink, as you're scaling to build more and more Starlink

332
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satellites to go on more and more reusable rockets, what

333
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are some of the challenges you've had to overcome in

334
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Starlink production so that you can perfect that machine, machine

335
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that builds the machine.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, stalling production is going well. Actually, the that's the

337
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that was a hard that's a hard thing to get right.

338
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We made many we had many iterations on the stalling prototypes,

339
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and then, as I said, the building the stalling production

340
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line was I don't know thousand percent harder than designing

341
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the satellite to begin with.

342
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Speaker 3: But but it is important to have like a.

343
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Speaker 4: To design full manufacturing and have a tight feedback loop

344
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between the design of the object and may acturing system,

345
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so as when people when when you design the object

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at first, you you don't realize all the parts that

347
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are really difficult to manufacture. Uh, And so having the

348
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manufacturing system and the design bring those up at the

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same time, so that you're actually in the beginning making

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a thing that you know is wrong, but you're actually

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figuring out what's hard to manufacture.

352
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Speaker 3: That's the real problem.

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Speaker 4: So we brought up the Starlink production line before we

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actually had the design finalized, which which is actually the

355
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right thing to do. And then we discover, oh, there's

356
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all there's all these things that in the design that

357
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are very difficult to make, and so therefore we must

358
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change the design, and the satellite ended up having the

359
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same capability, but just was very easy to make and launch,

360
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So say, very easy.

361
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Speaker 3: It's sort of.

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Speaker 4: Hard, but but but but it's being done, and we're

363
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the satellites are being produced at a rate now faster

364
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than we can order them. So and and the cost

365
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of the satellite has dropped below the cost of transporting

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it to orbit, even when taking the Falcon nine in

367
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the most reused configuration, which is to get the booster

368
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back and you get the fairings back. The cost of

369
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the of transporting the satellite to orbit exceeds the cost

370
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of the satellite. So the satellite is in a good,

371
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good situation, and the cost that satellite will keep coming

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down as we ramp up rates and make design improvements.

373
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But so we really need Starship to carry Starlink in

374
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order to get the total delivered cost to orbit to

375
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be much better than it is today.

376
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Speaker 3: Still pretty good.

377
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Speaker 1: When you when you so in terms of deciding what

378
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to build, you can take feedback from customers and let

379
00:26:08,400 --> 00:26:11,720
customers pull to you what they want, or you can

380
00:26:12,240 --> 00:26:15,480
be radically innovative within your company, or you know a

381
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small set of individuals and develop something and push it

382
00:26:18,759 --> 00:26:22,799
into the industrial base. So customer poll would be Tesla

383
00:26:23,799 --> 00:26:30,319
Tesla owners wanting new features on the existing fleet. Push

384
00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:33,799
would be you know, a company push would be something

385
00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:37,839
like when Apple pushed the iPad to everybody and nobody

386
00:26:37,920 --> 00:26:39,880
knew what an iPad was until they touched it and

387
00:26:39,920 --> 00:26:43,519
went wow, and everybody wants an iPad. Now, what do

388
00:26:43,559 --> 00:26:46,559
you all think about in terms of that balance between

389
00:26:47,359 --> 00:26:50,000
customer poll and company push.

390
00:26:50,680 --> 00:26:52,680
Speaker 3: Well, in the beginning nobody wanted a Tesla.

391
00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:59,359
Speaker 4: Let can tell you that that made the original sort

392
00:26:59,359 --> 00:27:00,480
of roasters car.

393
00:27:01,200 --> 00:27:01,480
Speaker 3: Uh.

394
00:27:01,880 --> 00:27:03,640
Speaker 4: People were like, why would I want an electric car?

395
00:27:03,680 --> 00:27:08,519
That's my casting car works fine, Like, no electric car

396
00:27:08,559 --> 00:27:08,799
is better?

397
00:27:08,799 --> 00:27:09,400
Speaker 3: I should try it.

398
00:27:11,960 --> 00:27:14,240
Speaker 4: And it was hard, you know, hard to get people

399
00:27:14,279 --> 00:27:17,920
to do a test drive first. Nobody knew who we were.

400
00:27:18,519 --> 00:27:20,960
Heard of this company and like, yeah, we're named after

401
00:27:21,039 --> 00:27:28,880
Nicola Tesla, the you know that guy. Nope, So for

402
00:27:28,960 --> 00:27:31,200
sure we were doing push in the beginning because people

403
00:27:31,279 --> 00:27:33,119
said there was no one telling us that they wanted

404
00:27:33,119 --> 00:27:35,160
an electric car, so it was not it was not

405
00:27:35,200 --> 00:27:38,680
out of like you know, it's like lots of people

406
00:27:38,799 --> 00:27:41,039
coming after me saying, hey, I really want an electric car.

407
00:27:41,759 --> 00:27:42,960
Speaker 3: I heard that zero times.

408
00:27:45,240 --> 00:27:46,799
Speaker 4: So people like it's like, man, we're going to make

409
00:27:46,799 --> 00:27:48,519
an electric car and shure that these things can be

410
00:27:48,559 --> 00:27:51,759
good and then people want them.

411
00:27:52,720 --> 00:27:52,880
Speaker 3: You know.

412
00:27:52,880 --> 00:27:55,160
Speaker 4: It's like because like Henry Ford said that, like the

413
00:27:55,680 --> 00:27:58,039
you know, we're talking about the Model T. It's like,

414
00:27:58,079 --> 00:28:00,519
if you ask the public what they wanted, that's say

415
00:28:00,839 --> 00:28:04,160
a faster horse. So if you did like a big

416
00:28:04,200 --> 00:28:08,960
survey and say what, hey, public before automobiles, what would

417
00:28:08,960 --> 00:28:10,440
you like, It's like, well, I'd like my horse to

418
00:28:10,480 --> 00:28:13,079
go three miles an hour faster and eat less food

419
00:28:13,640 --> 00:28:19,079
and uh, you know, be stronger and live longer and

420
00:28:19,079 --> 00:28:22,759
that kind of thing. There'll be a basically a bunch

421
00:28:22,799 --> 00:28:27,720
of incremental improvements on horse. Because you want to say, like,

422
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:30,279
what about an automobile like cart drives yourself, Like, what

423
00:28:30,279 --> 00:28:32,960
are you talking about? That's that's not that's not crazy.

424
00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:36,920
But when you actually make an automobile and give it

425
00:28:36,960 --> 00:28:39,519
to people and say, okay, now this is a horse

426
00:28:39,519 --> 00:28:41,200
where you can keep it in the bond and if

427
00:28:41,200 --> 00:28:49,920
you leave for a month it's still alive. Yeah, to

428
00:28:50,160 --> 00:28:52,839
carry more more weight than a horse and go further

429
00:28:52,880 --> 00:28:56,759
and that kind of thing. So anyway, the it's like

430
00:28:57,160 --> 00:28:59,880
when when it's a radically a new product, people don't

431
00:28:59,880 --> 00:29:02,880
know that they wanted because it's just not in their

432
00:29:02,880 --> 00:29:06,599
in their scope. I think when they first started making TVs,

433
00:29:07,720 --> 00:29:10,279
they did a nationwide survey. I think this might have

434
00:29:10,319 --> 00:29:13,680
been like forty six or forty eight. It was like

435
00:29:13,799 --> 00:29:18,359
famous nationwide survey will you ever buy a TV? I

436
00:29:18,480 --> 00:29:22,319
was like ninety six percent of respondent said no, hmm,

437
00:29:23,279 --> 00:29:26,359
some crazy number. Like basically everyone's like would you buy

438
00:29:26,400 --> 00:29:28,039
a TV? And maybe they put a price in there

439
00:29:28,079 --> 00:29:32,000
or something. I don't know, but it was famously almost

440
00:29:32,039 --> 00:29:33,960
everyone said they would not buy a TV, but they

441
00:29:33,960 --> 00:29:35,039
didn't know what they're talking about.

442
00:29:36,240 --> 00:29:39,480
Speaker 1: So the big game changing stuff at the beginning is

443
00:29:39,720 --> 00:29:42,839
a company push kind of a thing most of the time,

444
00:29:43,359 --> 00:29:47,000
but then changes to the product over time can be

445
00:29:47,400 --> 00:29:50,160
a lot more customer pull kind of a focus.

446
00:29:50,559 --> 00:29:52,599
Speaker 3: Yeah, changes to the product of a time can be

447
00:29:54,240 --> 00:29:55,200
incremental changes.

448
00:29:56,920 --> 00:29:59,640
Speaker 4: Then the customers can certainly tell you it's good to

449
00:29:59,640 --> 00:30:02,440
becustom feedback to say how can we improve the product,

450
00:30:04,759 --> 00:30:06,799
And once they're using it, they can say, Okay, I

451
00:30:06,839 --> 00:30:09,160
like this thing about it, I don't like this other thing,

452
00:30:09,240 --> 00:30:11,000
and then we can improve the product of a time.

453
00:30:11,400 --> 00:30:16,839
Customer feedback after they have the fundamental thing is great.

454
00:30:17,079 --> 00:30:18,440
Speaker 2: Okay, Okay.

455
00:30:18,480 --> 00:30:22,079
Speaker 1: So in the audience here, we have a lot of

456
00:30:22,160 --> 00:30:27,319
air and space warfighters, We have so people who use systems,

457
00:30:27,759 --> 00:30:30,559
We have a lot of developmental teams on both the

458
00:30:30,599 --> 00:30:34,400
government and the industry side, and we have the air

459
00:30:34,440 --> 00:30:37,799
and space leadership of the nation. So I got a

460
00:30:37,839 --> 00:30:41,759
little lightning round here for you to try and influence

461
00:30:41,839 --> 00:30:43,880
maybe some of those younger folks in the back who

462
00:30:43,880 --> 00:30:48,480
are looking for the next big thing. So, in terms

463
00:30:48,480 --> 00:30:52,599
of different kinds of technology, whether it's artificial intelligence or

464
00:30:53,119 --> 00:30:59,480
medical or batteries or whatever, in the next five years,

465
00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:03,839
what technology do you think will see the most advancement.

466
00:31:07,759 --> 00:31:11,759
Speaker 4: Well, it's difficult to assess most in those context because

467
00:31:11,759 --> 00:31:14,200
they're very different. But I think the part of the

468
00:31:14,279 --> 00:31:18,839
most transformative, most fundamentally transformative, will be AI AI Okay.

469
00:31:19,480 --> 00:31:22,279
Speaker 1: And if you were recommending to some of the young

470
00:31:22,319 --> 00:31:27,720
officers and enlisted troops in the room, what sort of

471
00:31:27,920 --> 00:31:32,640
degrees to pursue at college or what sort of education

472
00:31:32,880 --> 00:31:37,039
that they should prioritize for themselves in the modern era,

473
00:31:37,119 --> 00:31:38,079
what would you recommend?

474
00:31:39,359 --> 00:31:40,640
Speaker 3: Computer science and physics?

475
00:31:41,440 --> 00:31:44,599
Speaker 1: Computer science and physics okay? How many computer science people

476
00:31:44,640 --> 00:31:47,559
do we have out there? How many physics people?

477
00:31:49,079 --> 00:31:49,480
Speaker 3: Okay?

478
00:31:49,799 --> 00:31:52,640
Speaker 2: We need more apparently, Okay.

479
00:31:52,960 --> 00:31:55,440
Speaker 3: It's essentially information theory and physical theory.

480
00:31:56,519 --> 00:31:58,160
Speaker 4: If you want to understand the nature of the universe

481
00:31:59,000 --> 00:32:03,200
and have these have a very good predictive power.

482
00:32:04,039 --> 00:32:08,799
Speaker 3: Physics and pure science okay, yeah, okay.

483
00:32:09,119 --> 00:32:13,279
Speaker 1: As a nation that is interested in radical innovation to

484
00:32:13,440 --> 00:32:17,000
maintain its competitive edge, what are the things that the

485
00:32:17,039 --> 00:32:20,480
Department of the Air Force should be investing more in

486
00:32:21,240 --> 00:32:24,319
other than reusable rockets from your perspective.

487
00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:33,440
Speaker 4: Again, I can't emphasize enough how important reasonable rockets are. Yeah,

488
00:32:33,480 --> 00:32:38,680
I love it.

489
00:32:33,920 --> 00:32:39,200
Speaker 3: It's great.

490
00:32:40,359 --> 00:32:45,880
Speaker 4: So and I think that you could actually do point

491
00:32:45,920 --> 00:32:48,759
to point on Earth with you know, to go a

492
00:32:48,839 --> 00:32:52,799
long distances and be much better than aircraft because I

493
00:32:52,799 --> 00:32:58,039
mean basically just think of like ICBM minus the nuke Adalande,

494
00:32:58,640 --> 00:33:01,799
you know, so it's just sort of in the option package,

495
00:33:02,200 --> 00:33:09,160
just you know, unchecked nuke and then add landing system

496
00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:10,920
check and and that's definitely gonna get you where you

497
00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:15,400
want to go the fastest, because that's why they made ICBMs.

498
00:33:15,400 --> 00:33:19,920
They get there the fastest. So you know, I think

499
00:33:19,920 --> 00:33:26,559
that that's that's gonna be pretty exciting. Yeah, I think, uh.

500
00:33:30,400 --> 00:33:30,640
Speaker 3: Yeah.

501
00:33:31,400 --> 00:33:35,920
Speaker 4: I mean once you have dramatically lower cost access to space,

502
00:33:36,319 --> 00:33:41,079
then then many things are enabled. You can think of

503
00:33:41,160 --> 00:33:44,759
like once you got the Union Pacific Railroad, then you know,

504
00:33:44,799 --> 00:33:46,119
getting to the West coast was.

505
00:33:47,720 --> 00:33:49,440
Speaker 3: Much faster and much less dangerous.

506
00:33:50,119 --> 00:33:52,680
Speaker 4: You're not likely to sort of end up eating your

507
00:33:52,680 --> 00:33:58,559
compatriots in a snowy situation, you know, so.

508
00:34:00,599 --> 00:34:01,599
Speaker 3: You can just take the train.

509
00:34:05,640 --> 00:34:09,320
Speaker 4: So so you know, at the beginning, they thought, why

510
00:34:09,360 --> 00:34:10,960
are the heck they're building out stupid.

511
00:34:10,679 --> 00:34:12,039
Speaker 3: Railway and there's nobody.

512
00:34:12,239 --> 00:34:17,199
Speaker 4: There's nobody there, and they're like, but once you build

513
00:34:17,199 --> 00:34:20,079
the railway, they're like, Okay, now it's easy to get

514
00:34:20,079 --> 00:34:23,360
to the West Coast. And now a huge portion of

515
00:34:23,360 --> 00:34:26,920
the US population is on the West Coast. And actually

516
00:34:27,000 --> 00:34:30,239
California is the most popular state in the nation, but

517
00:34:30,639 --> 00:34:34,320
it used to be well least populist.

518
00:34:34,400 --> 00:34:35,639
Speaker 3: I suppose we're pretty low.

519
00:34:37,280 --> 00:34:42,119
Speaker 4: So many things are possible once you once the transport

520
00:34:42,880 --> 00:34:47,679
uh problem is solved. So that that's why I think

521
00:34:47,719 --> 00:34:52,559
it's a fundamental you can't but if you can't get

522
00:34:52,599 --> 00:34:55,880
there or getting there is takes a long time and

523
00:34:55,920 --> 00:34:58,719
you can't risk and every mission has got to work,

524
00:34:58,960 --> 00:35:02,800
then it's very hard to innovate. It's got to be

525
00:35:02,840 --> 00:35:06,119
that Okay, some missions would work, and the cost of

526
00:35:06,239 --> 00:35:09,559
running the experiment is low. That's why I'm harping so

527
00:35:09,679 --> 00:35:13,360
much on the cost of transport, so.

528
00:35:18,079 --> 00:35:19,519
Speaker 3: You know, once you're there.

529
00:35:19,559 --> 00:35:22,079
Speaker 4: I think, like say establishing a base on the moon

530
00:35:22,159 --> 00:35:25,320
or based on Mars, there's just a tremendous amount of

531
00:35:25,360 --> 00:35:30,000
work work that's needed to create a self sustaining base

532
00:35:30,079 --> 00:35:32,199
on the moon of Mars, and it opens up a

533
00:35:32,199 --> 00:35:35,320
tremendous amount of opportunity, just as the Union Pacific Railroad

534
00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:41,679
did by making access to the West Coast not much easier.

535
00:35:45,760 --> 00:35:47,960
Speaker 3: Yeah, I mean outside of the.

536
00:35:47,960 --> 00:35:51,079
Speaker 4: Space space realm, I think there's there's still a lot

537
00:35:51,079 --> 00:35:54,079
of opportunity in tunnels. I keep I've been saying that

538
00:35:54,119 --> 00:35:59,800
for a long time, and tunnels are great.

539
00:36:01,719 --> 00:36:02,360
Speaker 3: They're really great.

540
00:36:04,679 --> 00:36:07,880
Speaker 4: And Boring Company is about to finish its first tunnel

541
00:36:07,880 --> 00:36:10,760
in Vegas. I encourage I encourage people to copy, Please

542
00:36:10,760 --> 00:36:13,519
copy the Boring Company or do better.

543
00:36:13,599 --> 00:36:14,159
Speaker 3: That'd be great.

544
00:36:16,480 --> 00:36:26,119
Speaker 1: There's so in terms of domains. You have subterranean obviously Tesla.

545
00:36:26,280 --> 00:36:31,239
Tesla covers the ground domain as capabilities. You've got the

546
00:36:31,280 --> 00:36:37,960
space domain covered with SpaceX and starlink capabilities. I think

547
00:36:38,039 --> 00:36:41,119
this is this is the air warfare symposium. Folks might

548
00:36:41,159 --> 00:36:43,320
not in the audience might be interested in if you

549
00:36:43,360 --> 00:36:46,639
have any ideas for the air domain specifically.

550
00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:54,400
Speaker 4: Well, for the air domain, I think things things are

551
00:36:54,440 --> 00:36:59,920
very definitely going to go into kind of autonomous locally

552
00:37:00,079 --> 00:37:03,639
autonomous drone warfare. This is where it's at, where the

553
00:37:03,639 --> 00:37:07,559
future will be. I'm just saying it's not I want

554
00:37:07,599 --> 00:37:09,679
the future to be this. It's just this is what

555
00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:15,960
the future will be is autonomous drone warfare and at

556
00:37:16,000 --> 00:37:23,559
at a local, local level. The you know, I can't

557
00:37:23,599 --> 00:37:25,519
believe I'm saying this because this is this is dangerous,

558
00:37:25,519 --> 00:37:30,400
but simply what will occur is sort of a drones

559
00:37:30,480 --> 00:37:39,679
locally being autonomous. And but I think we still want

560
00:37:39,719 --> 00:37:47,760
to retain sort of the you know, authority to damage

561
00:37:47,840 --> 00:37:53,239
or destroy a you know, anything that that isn't an

562
00:37:53,280 --> 00:37:57,599
autonomous drone. Keep that authority back here with a person

563
00:37:57,599 --> 00:38:02,639
in the loop. Okay, but it's it's the fighter jet

564
00:38:02,679 --> 00:38:09,320
era has passed. That is It's just yeah, fighter jet

565
00:38:09,320 --> 00:38:11,480
era has passed. Okay, so it's strong.

566
00:38:14,119 --> 00:38:20,800
Speaker 1: Let's go back to failure for a minute. And and

567
00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:23,800
and the mindset that that you have, you and your

568
00:38:23,840 --> 00:38:26,719
leadership team at Tesla and SpaceX have on failure. I

569
00:38:26,719 --> 00:38:30,679
mean the SpaceX blooper reel that you guys did and

570
00:38:30,719 --> 00:38:35,199
I think it was twenty seventeen timeframe was definitely Hey,

571
00:38:35,239 --> 00:38:40,039
we embraced this learning that occurs more recently with the

572
00:38:40,519 --> 00:38:43,559
Tesla truck and the and the ball through the window.

573
00:38:45,719 --> 00:38:48,159
Speaker 2: Also, uh, that mind.

574
00:38:47,960 --> 00:38:55,440
Speaker 5: Thret that that that mindset that embraces failure, how do

575
00:38:55,559 --> 00:39:00,840
you personally, I mean that those kinds of failures would

576
00:39:00,920 --> 00:39:03,480
drive a lot of us in this room nuts, but

577
00:39:03,559 --> 00:39:04,840
doesn't seem to drive you nuts.

578
00:39:05,000 --> 00:39:07,039
Speaker 2: Seems like you're very comfortable with it.

579
00:39:07,119 --> 00:39:09,880
Speaker 1: Can you talk about the mindset that requires for you

580
00:39:09,960 --> 00:39:12,599
to be that accepting of that kind of failure?

581
00:39:13,320 --> 00:39:15,400
Speaker 3: Should should we roll the video? No?

582
00:39:17,039 --> 00:39:18,159
Speaker 2: No, we should not roll the video?

583
00:39:18,239 --> 00:39:24,320
Speaker 3: Not yet? Okay, okay, okay.

584
00:39:24,480 --> 00:39:27,679
Speaker 4: Well I think of these things is just there's a

585
00:39:27,679 --> 00:39:31,679
certain amount of time, and within that time, you want the.

586
00:39:33,239 --> 00:39:35,960
Speaker 3: Best net outcome. So for.

587
00:39:37,800 --> 00:39:39,840
Speaker 4: You know, all the set of actions that you can do,

588
00:39:40,719 --> 00:39:44,880
there's going to be some which will fail, some which

589
00:39:44,920 --> 00:39:51,079
will succeed, and you want the net useful output of

590
00:39:51,119 --> 00:40:00,079
your set of actions to be the highest. So I

591
00:40:00,239 --> 00:40:02,480
have to, like you use like a baseball analogy, Like

592
00:40:03,639 --> 00:40:05,519
you know, baseball do unless you just sit there and

593
00:40:05,519 --> 00:40:08,679
wait for the perfect pitch until you get a real

594
00:40:08,760 --> 00:40:11,480
easy one that you can't give you three shots and

595
00:40:11,679 --> 00:40:15,599
the third one they say okay, they get off, they

596
00:40:15,840 --> 00:40:18,599
go back to the put somebody else with there.

597
00:40:19,760 --> 00:40:22,880
Speaker 3: So your three strikes on on the baseball.

598
00:40:25,400 --> 00:40:29,960
Speaker 4: You know, not on bat anymore. So so you're what

599
00:40:30,000 --> 00:40:32,320
you're really looking for is like what's the batting average?

600
00:40:33,199 --> 00:40:34,360
Speaker 3: You know how you're doing.

601
00:40:34,360 --> 00:40:40,639
Speaker 4: On on score and and just there's gonna be some

602
00:40:40,679 --> 00:40:49,039
amount of failure, but you want your net output net

603
00:40:49,119 --> 00:40:54,360
useful output to maximized. Failure is essentially irrelevant unless it

604
00:40:54,400 --> 00:40:55,199
is catastrophic.

605
00:40:55,840 --> 00:40:57,119
Speaker 3: Okay, okay.

606
00:40:58,519 --> 00:41:07,440
Speaker 1: Intellectual property, obviously, Tesla, SpaceX Solar City have amazing capabilities

607
00:41:07,480 --> 00:41:10,400
that they're bringing to the to the public and to

608
00:41:10,480 --> 00:41:14,000
the government every day. How do you protect your intellectual

609
00:41:14,039 --> 00:41:18,119
property in a world where it seems like the cloud

610
00:41:18,239 --> 00:41:21,719
and servers and things are constantly under attack from people

611
00:41:22,119 --> 00:41:26,519
wishing to free you of your intellectual property.

612
00:41:27,159 --> 00:41:27,400
Speaker 3: Yeah.

613
00:41:27,519 --> 00:41:31,079
Speaker 4: Well, actually at Tesla, we just open source style patents

614
00:41:31,119 --> 00:41:34,480
some years ago, so anyone can use our patents. So

615
00:41:34,519 --> 00:41:37,599
we really have not been tried to protect intellectual property

616
00:41:38,320 --> 00:41:42,199
in that sense. We've we've tried to actually smooth the

617
00:41:42,239 --> 00:41:46,079
path because the the overacching goal of Tesla is to

618
00:41:46,119 --> 00:41:49,639
accelerate the advent of sustainable energy. And so if we

619
00:41:52,039 --> 00:41:56,719
created a pattern portfolio that discouraged other companies from making

620
00:41:56,760 --> 00:41:59,960
electric cars, they will be inconsistent without mission. So we

621
00:42:00,760 --> 00:42:03,880
open source all the patterns in order to help the other.

622
00:42:04,280 --> 00:42:08,280
Anyone else wants to make an electric car, so I

623
00:42:08,280 --> 00:42:09,880
guess that's the opposite of protecting the I P.

624
00:42:13,440 --> 00:42:15,119
Speaker 3: Now, the real way I thank you.

625
00:42:14,880 --> 00:42:20,079
Speaker 4: You actually achieve intellectual property protection is by innovating fast enough.

626
00:42:20,400 --> 00:42:23,960
If your rate of innovation is high, then you don't

627
00:42:24,000 --> 00:42:28,320
need to worry about protecting the IP because other companies

628
00:42:28,360 --> 00:42:32,559
will be copying something that you did years ago, and

629
00:42:32,639 --> 00:42:38,519
that's fine, you know, just make sure you're your rate

630
00:42:38,519 --> 00:42:39,719
of innovation is fast.

631
00:42:41,599 --> 00:42:44,400
Speaker 3: Speed is really speed of innovation? Is what is what matters?

632
00:42:46,000 --> 00:42:47,639
Speaker 4: And I do I do say this to my teams

633
00:42:47,679 --> 00:42:52,000
like quite a lot that innovation per unit times I

634
00:42:52,079 --> 00:42:54,119
go innovation per year if you want to say it,

635
00:42:54,119 --> 00:42:59,280
like is what matters? Not innovation absent time, because if

636
00:42:59,320 --> 00:43:02,719
you want to fake it one hundred percent improvement in

637
00:43:02,800 --> 00:43:05,920
something and that took one hundred years or one year,

638
00:43:06,519 --> 00:43:11,960
that's radically different. So it's like, what is your rate

639
00:43:12,039 --> 00:43:15,159
of innovation that that matters? And is the rate of

640
00:43:15,159 --> 00:43:23,079
innovation is that accelerating or decelerating? And a weird thing

641
00:43:23,079 --> 00:43:27,039
happens when companies get big is that most companies or organizations,

642
00:43:27,039 --> 00:43:31,159
the bigger they get, they tend to get less innovative,

643
00:43:33,199 --> 00:43:35,599
not just less innovative on a per person basis, but

644
00:43:35,679 --> 00:43:40,400
less innovative in the absolute and I think this is

645
00:43:40,440 --> 00:43:45,800
probably because the incentive structure is not It's not there

646
00:43:45,880 --> 00:43:52,880
for innovation. It's not enough to use words to encourage innovation.

647
00:43:53,360 --> 00:43:57,559
The incentive structure must be aligned with that. That's fundamental.

648
00:43:59,440 --> 00:44:05,440
Speaker 1: So taking that from a business level to a national

649
00:44:05,559 --> 00:44:09,199
level in terms of obviously the United States largest economy

650
00:44:09,199 --> 00:44:12,480
in the world, China the second largest economy in the

651
00:44:12,480 --> 00:44:16,519
world currently and gaining fast. What sort of things that

652
00:44:16,639 --> 00:44:20,039
could you share with the audience here that are your

653
00:44:20,079 --> 00:44:26,000
thoughts on the competition economic or military between the United

654
00:44:26,000 --> 00:44:26,760
States and China.

655
00:44:28,480 --> 00:44:32,440
Speaker 3: Sure. Well, I think China is a really interesting country.

656
00:44:32,480 --> 00:44:33,480
I have to say.

657
00:44:34,719 --> 00:44:38,079
Speaker 4: The things to appreciate about China is just that there's

658
00:44:38,199 --> 00:44:41,840
a lot of really smart, really hard working people there

659
00:44:42,400 --> 00:44:45,960
and they're going to do a lot of great things.

660
00:44:48,760 --> 00:44:53,239
Speaker 3: This is sort of, you know, independentive of Chinese going policy.

661
00:44:53,280 --> 00:44:56,159
Speaker 4: They're just going to do a lot of interesting things.

662
00:44:58,840 --> 00:45:01,199
The thing that will be it will feel pretty strange,

663
00:45:01,360 --> 00:45:04,920
is that the Chinese economy is going to be probably

664
00:45:05,400 --> 00:45:09,199
at least twice as big as the US economy, maybe

665
00:45:09,239 --> 00:45:15,280
three times, but at least twice, So that assumes a

666
00:45:15,360 --> 00:45:21,880
GDP per capita still less than the US, But since

667
00:45:21,880 --> 00:45:26,960
they have about four or five times of population, then

668
00:45:27,159 --> 00:45:30,480
it would only require getting to a per capita of

669
00:45:30,880 --> 00:45:34,320
half the United States for their economy to twice the

670
00:45:34,360 --> 00:45:39,079
size of ours. And as I'm sure people in this

671
00:45:39,159 --> 00:45:42,079
room know, the foundation of war is economics.

672
00:45:43,519 --> 00:45:44,719
Speaker 3: And so if you.

673
00:45:47,159 --> 00:45:53,599
Speaker 4: Have half the resources of the counterparty, then you better

674
00:45:53,639 --> 00:45:56,719
be real innovative. If you're not innovative, you're going to lose.

675
00:46:00,000 --> 00:46:02,880
Speaker 1: I'm not sure whether that's a cyber attack that's ongoing

676
00:46:03,000 --> 00:46:17,840
or not here. So, yeah, the clock says I have

677
00:46:17,880 --> 00:46:18,880
eleven minutes left.

678
00:46:18,960 --> 00:46:20,719
Speaker 3: Is that not true?

679
00:46:23,679 --> 00:46:27,639
Speaker 2: It's got so smooth all right, so smooth jazz elon. Yeah,

680
00:46:30,159 --> 00:46:32,679
it's coming through the house system. We're working to get

681
00:46:32,679 --> 00:46:33,280
it shut off.

682
00:46:33,880 --> 00:46:42,599
Speaker 3: Thank you. Yes, well.

683
00:46:44,039 --> 00:46:54,599
Speaker 4: Anyway, so so yeah, with with with respect of China,

684
00:46:54,719 --> 00:46:58,920
China's economy is going to be two to three times

685
00:46:58,920 --> 00:47:01,639
this size, the US economy at least double.

686
00:47:03,280 --> 00:47:04,840
Speaker 3: Therefore, in order for the US to.

687
00:47:04,800 --> 00:47:10,320
Speaker 4: Be competitive on military level, the innovation has to overcome

688
00:47:10,480 --> 00:47:15,800
a gigantic gap in economic output. Okay, So in the

689
00:47:15,840 --> 00:47:20,719
absence of radical innovation, the US will be militarily second.

690
00:47:21,119 --> 00:47:25,480
Speaker 3: Okay, basic, basic, Now.

691
00:47:26,440 --> 00:47:32,840
Speaker 2: What from the standpoint of radical innovation.

692
00:47:34,039 --> 00:47:36,760
Speaker 1: We already talked about workforce, we talked about processes, we

693
00:47:36,840 --> 00:47:44,119
talked about protecting intellectual property rights. Let's talk about overall culture,

694
00:47:45,159 --> 00:47:48,920
that culture that you try and push into your companies

695
00:47:49,360 --> 00:47:52,920
that makes them successful any of us. And I sat

696
00:47:53,000 --> 00:47:55,039
right next to one of your SpaceX employees on the

697
00:47:55,039 --> 00:48:01,119
plane here yesterday, a young engineer. It was motivating for

698
00:48:01,239 --> 00:48:04,719
me just to talk to her about what she was

699
00:48:04,760 --> 00:48:07,599
doing every day and how important her job was. And

700
00:48:07,639 --> 00:48:10,039
I just felt like the only other place I've seen

701
00:48:10,119 --> 00:48:13,559
that kind of culture is frankly, in the department of

702
00:48:13,559 --> 00:48:16,000
the Air Force with some of our young folks that

703
00:48:16,039 --> 00:48:18,239
are sprinkled around the back of the room. How do

704
00:48:18,280 --> 00:48:22,199
you create that culture at SpaceX and Tesla to make

705
00:48:22,360 --> 00:48:23,480
employees like that?

706
00:48:25,559 --> 00:48:30,159
Speaker 3: Well, wow, this smooth jazz is just honest with a vengeance.

707
00:48:33,239 --> 00:48:34,960
I feel like we're in a big elevator.

708
00:48:43,639 --> 00:48:47,440
Speaker 4: So first post, when we interview people, we do ask

709
00:48:47,880 --> 00:48:52,079
for some evidence of exceptional ability, which in most cases

710
00:48:52,559 --> 00:48:56,920
includes innovation. This is not said everyone needs to be innovatives,

711
00:48:57,719 --> 00:49:00,639
but we certainly need those that are doing it's engineering

712
00:49:00,760 --> 00:49:05,000
to be innovative, and ideally everyone is at least to

713
00:49:05,000 --> 00:49:12,039
some degree in innovative. So at the interviewpoint, we select

714
00:49:12,119 --> 00:49:17,840
for people who want to create new technology, and then

715
00:49:18,159 --> 00:49:22,079
the intentive structure is set up that such that.

716
00:49:24,400 --> 00:49:25,719
Speaker 3: Innovation is rewarded.

717
00:49:26,960 --> 00:49:30,039
Speaker 4: Making mistakes along the way does not come with a

718
00:49:30,039 --> 00:49:35,199
big penalty. And but but but failure to try to

719
00:49:35,239 --> 00:49:38,199
innovate at all comes with a big penalty.

720
00:49:38,840 --> 00:49:42,159
Speaker 3: You'll be fired. Okay, yeah, all.

721
00:49:42,119 --> 00:49:44,519
Speaker 2: Right, the carrot and stick, Yes, the stick.

722
00:49:44,639 --> 00:49:48,840
Speaker 4: If you don't even try, or or somebody doesn't even

723
00:49:48,840 --> 00:49:53,239
try to innovate, or their innovation aspirations are are very

724
00:49:53,440 --> 00:49:58,880
are not not very good, then yeah, they will no

725
00:49:58,880 --> 00:49:59,679
longer be at the company.

726
00:50:00,039 --> 00:50:01,840
Speaker 3: Okay, okay, all.

727
00:50:01,800 --> 00:50:05,079
Speaker 1: Right, So we got about five minutes left, and what

728
00:50:05,119 --> 00:50:08,000
I'd like to do is just turn it over to you, Elon,

729
00:50:08,199 --> 00:50:10,239
to talk about whatever you'd like to talk about.

730
00:50:10,599 --> 00:50:12,000
Speaker 3: If you have a.

731
00:50:11,599 --> 00:50:15,199
Speaker 1: Message for the audience here, you have, you know, a

732
00:50:15,320 --> 00:50:19,480
thousand plus air and space professionals and the greatest air

733
00:50:19,480 --> 00:50:21,440
and space force on the planet. So what do you

734
00:50:21,440 --> 00:50:22,840
want to tell them?

735
00:50:23,119 --> 00:50:25,639
Speaker 3: I think we got to make Starfleet happen.

736
00:50:27,239 --> 00:50:37,599
Speaker 4: Like so, so we were like, oh, real big space

737
00:50:37,599 --> 00:50:43,159
shifts that can go far places, and that's probably get

738
00:50:43,159 --> 00:50:44,480
me to the most trouble of able. I think this

739
00:50:44,480 --> 00:50:46,920
should be in new uniform that's.

740
00:50:50,480 --> 00:50:50,719
Speaker 3: That.

741
00:50:50,719 --> 00:50:55,000
Speaker 4: That's like, I don't know, cool uniforms, cool spaceships, you know.

742
00:50:56,480 --> 00:50:58,840
I think that's what when the when the public here's

743
00:50:59,000 --> 00:51:01,360
space force, that's what they think. It's like, Okay, we're

744
00:51:01,360 --> 00:51:05,079
gonna have like some sweet space shifts and like pretty

745
00:51:05,800 --> 00:51:08,440
good uniforms and stuff, and that'll be that's what the

746
00:51:08,480 --> 00:51:13,679
poblague wants. So yeah, when we went the sci fi futures,

747
00:51:14,239 --> 00:51:17,679
the the good sci fi futures to be real, and

748
00:51:17,760 --> 00:51:21,960
ideally to become real while we're still alive, you know,

749
00:51:22,000 --> 00:51:25,280
and every want to see it happen. And so I

750
00:51:25,320 --> 00:51:28,000
think we really need to drive the rate of innovation

751
00:51:28,199 --> 00:51:33,280
to be such that we would see a big, big breakthroughs,

752
00:51:33,320 --> 00:51:38,159
big improvements in space technology and you know, in the

753
00:51:38,199 --> 00:51:43,440
years to come. So yeah, it's like just trying to

754
00:51:43,440 --> 00:51:47,840
make stuffleet happen as soon as humanly possible and definitely.

755
00:51:47,480 --> 00:51:50,480
Speaker 3: Why we're while we're still alive. Yeah, So.

756
00:51:52,280 --> 00:51:54,599
Speaker 4: I'm not sure about wolf drive, but we can other

757
00:51:54,639 --> 00:51:58,079
stuff I think can be done. Wolf drive in tailportation,

758
00:51:58,400 --> 00:52:01,880
probably not, but big space ships that can go far places,

759
00:52:02,079 --> 00:52:02,639
definitely that.

760
00:52:02,599 --> 00:52:03,119
Speaker 3: Can be done.

761
00:52:03,920 --> 00:52:08,079
Speaker 1: Understood all right, Ladies and gentlemen, Elon musk mm hmm