WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.160 --> 00:00:04.759 Oh, hello, Hi, it's still your stepbrother's girlfriend with the 2 00:00:04.759 --> 00:00:09.119 pet rat because Ali Ward is back for yet another 3 00:00:09.160 --> 00:00:13.519 episode on Mars. I'm not on Mars because, honestly, fuck that. 4 00:00:13.599 --> 00:00:15.519 I get lonely, like on business trips. I'm on a 5 00:00:15.519 --> 00:00:18.519 business trip right now in a hotel room outside of Detroit. 6 00:00:18.800 --> 00:00:21.399 I'm a little lonely, but I understand. There are fireflies 7 00:00:21.399 --> 00:00:22.960 outside and I'm just waiting for it to get dark. 8 00:00:24.039 --> 00:00:26.320 But yeah, so this episode is on Mars. If you 9 00:00:26.440 --> 00:00:29.760 haven't heard part one yet, like, what are you doing here? 10 00:00:30.160 --> 00:00:32.799 What are you doing? There's so many spoilers, such as 11 00:00:32.840 --> 00:00:35.119 the fact that we just found fish in a dry 12 00:00:35.200 --> 00:00:38.079 lake bed on Mars, so we talk about that in 13 00:00:38.119 --> 00:00:41.320 part one. Wait is that shoe? No it's not, but 14 00:00:41.399 --> 00:00:43.560 go back and listen to part one anyway. Part one 15 00:00:43.679 --> 00:00:46.320 will give you all the primers you need on what 16 00:00:46.439 --> 00:00:48.960 is Mars deal, why is it cold? Why was it 17 00:00:49.039 --> 00:00:52.399 named after the deity of battle? What's up with its 18 00:00:52.520 --> 00:00:56.200 two moons, one named after the Fear and the other 19 00:00:56.240 --> 00:00:58.759 of the dread that a company wore, And why does 20 00:00:58.799 --> 00:01:01.200 one of them crash and reform itself over and over again? 21 00:01:01.240 --> 00:01:03.280 And how many rovers are up there? And what happens 22 00:01:03.320 --> 00:01:05.519 when you give birth to a moon rock? And where 23 00:01:05.599 --> 00:01:07.760 is the next Rover going? And what is the best 24 00:01:07.799 --> 00:01:10.799 Martian sci fi? Okay, all of that in part one, 25 00:01:10.920 --> 00:01:13.760 but now onto part two, all the weird juicy questions 26 00:01:13.760 --> 00:01:17.760 you guys asked about Mars and had answered. But first 27 00:01:17.799 --> 00:01:20.799 I'm gonna be quick Ologiesmarch dot com. This is the 28 00:01:20.840 --> 00:01:23.480 part where I shouted out there are hats and shirts 29 00:01:23.519 --> 00:01:26.920 and tots and pins and backpacks, y'all. There's bathing suits 30 00:01:27.000 --> 00:01:30.200 now for summer. And I decided to have a summer sale, 31 00:01:30.400 --> 00:01:34.439 so through July, you can enter camp ologies for ten 32 00:01:34.480 --> 00:01:37.920 percent off your whole ding dang order, so get yourself 33 00:01:37.959 --> 00:01:41.599 something nice. Sales support the making of this podcast, as 34 00:01:41.680 --> 00:01:44.439 does becoming a patron at Patreon dot com. You can 35 00:01:44.439 --> 00:01:46.560 do so for as little as a buck a month, 36 00:01:46.840 --> 00:01:50.400 because I like to keep thresholds of showing your love 37 00:01:50.519 --> 00:01:53.120 pretty low. Also, if you spend all your money on 38 00:01:53.159 --> 00:01:56.640 auto pops and inflatable pool unicorns, that's okay, I get it. 39 00:01:57.079 --> 00:02:00.200 You can support ologies even by rating or reviewing, are 40 00:02:00.239 --> 00:02:05.760 subscribing via iTunes. That keeps whole podcast Van Dad Board 41 00:02:05.920 --> 00:02:08.639 up in the charts for others to kind of stumble On. 42 00:02:08.919 --> 00:02:12.000 And also you know I read your reviews. I do 43 00:02:12.039 --> 00:02:14.439 it every week. I just want you to feel seen 44 00:02:14.919 --> 00:02:17.159 and then to prove it. I read one each week 45 00:02:17.520 --> 00:02:20.120 because also it's really delightful that you guys even write that. 46 00:02:20.439 --> 00:02:23.520 So this week, first off, I want to say get 47 00:02:23.560 --> 00:02:26.680 well to Sara Maiah who left a review about snapping 48 00:02:26.719 --> 00:02:31.280 her FIBs and tibbs on a trail run Get better man. Also, 49 00:02:31.520 --> 00:02:34.280 Justin So wrote had to go to an Apple store 50 00:02:34.360 --> 00:02:37.240 to leave a review. I know how important iTunes reviews 51 00:02:37.280 --> 00:02:39.319 are for uncle al So, I may or may not 52 00:02:39.360 --> 00:02:41.840 have gone to an Apple store, used a MacBook there 53 00:02:41.919 --> 00:02:44.479 and left her this five star review. I love this 54 00:02:44.520 --> 00:02:47.080 podcast and have been binge listening to it. Also, thank 55 00:02:47.120 --> 00:02:50.719 you to no Nicknames Left, who says remember when Discovery Channel, 56 00:02:50.719 --> 00:02:53.520 the Learning Channel and the History Channel word just all 57 00:02:53.560 --> 00:02:56.680 aliens and reality TV? Remember when you could randomly find 58 00:02:56.680 --> 00:02:58.879 a documentary on the three Gorgeous dam in China and 59 00:02:58.919 --> 00:03:01.360 would just be sucked in for the ologies? 60 00:03:01.439 --> 00:03:02.199 Is that? So? 61 00:03:02.439 --> 00:03:04.439 Thank you guys so much for leaving those reviews. I 62 00:03:05.080 --> 00:03:06.919 just read three of them. I normally just pick one, 63 00:03:07.280 --> 00:03:11.039 but today I just I just wanted to say thanks, 64 00:03:11.120 --> 00:03:13.520 to more than one person, but I do. I've read 65 00:03:13.560 --> 00:03:15.439 all of them that you guys left this week, and 66 00:03:15.759 --> 00:03:18.719 you're just charming, your charming human beings. But let's get 67 00:03:18.840 --> 00:03:21.479 the heck back on Mars. Do you want to? Okay? Good? So, 68 00:03:21.560 --> 00:03:25.360 first off, many of you were like, word areology. Has 69 00:03:25.400 --> 00:03:27.159 that got something to do with nip slips or what? 70 00:03:27.439 --> 00:03:31.159 And sadly no, Areology comes from Aris, the Greek god 71 00:03:31.199 --> 00:03:35.000 of war, so Mars is his Roman stage name, and 72 00:03:35.319 --> 00:03:39.960 the nipples ariola region comes from the Latin for little garden, 73 00:03:40.159 --> 00:03:42.280 which I don't know. Maybe that says something about Roman 74 00:03:42.319 --> 00:03:44.680 breast hair. I'm not sure. I just wanted to answer 75 00:03:44.719 --> 00:03:47.159 that oversight of the part one episode that should have 76 00:03:47.159 --> 00:03:49.159 been the first thing I even talked about. Everyone's like, 77 00:03:49.159 --> 00:03:51.919 how did you not talk about ariolas? So boom part two? 78 00:03:52.240 --> 00:03:52.719 I did it? 79 00:03:52.960 --> 00:03:56.560 Okay, Speaking of questions, let's now commence the part two 80 00:03:56.759 --> 00:04:01.120 of all listener curiosities answered in very very squeaky chairs 81 00:04:01.199 --> 00:04:06.680 at Caltech by the very prepared and enthusiastic, wonderful, hilarious 82 00:04:06.800 --> 00:04:31.720 brainiac interplanetary rock enthusiast and areologist doctor Jennifer Booze. I 83 00:04:31.720 --> 00:04:34.639 have one million questions for you. Okay, is it okay? 84 00:04:34.680 --> 00:04:39.399 If I ask you one million? Yeah, okay, so many questions. 85 00:04:39.879 --> 00:04:44.160 I love that you know you are a patron. You've 86 00:04:44.199 --> 00:04:46.920 looked at some of these Yeah, you've looked at all 87 00:04:47.000 --> 00:04:48.720 of them. 88 00:04:48.160 --> 00:04:50.279 The ones that were posted as of a few hours ago. 89 00:04:52.959 --> 00:04:55.759 Like this is what I want in someone who studies 90 00:04:55.800 --> 00:04:58.720 other planets. Is this level of like detail and preparation, 91 00:04:58.920 --> 00:05:00.920 like this gives me faith the space program. 92 00:05:01.079 --> 00:05:03.560 Well I didn't. I didn't want to leave anyone hanging. 93 00:05:03.759 --> 00:05:07.079 They're amazing, it's amazing. Okay, Well, then in that case, 94 00:05:07.120 --> 00:05:08.720 I'm going to do a met of order. Oh my god, 95 00:05:08.759 --> 00:05:11.600 you're amazing. You have notes spread up. Oh my god, 96 00:05:11.800 --> 00:05:14.959 oh my god. Okay, I'll put my notes away. Maybe 97 00:05:15.040 --> 00:05:18.680 you can. You can reference them. You can reference them 98 00:05:18.720 --> 00:05:22.000 if you need them. This is the level of preparation 99 00:05:22.199 --> 00:05:24.680 is like warming my heart. Right, I was excited too 100 00:05:24.800 --> 00:05:26.839 deep roll. Okay, I'm going to do im a little 101 00:05:26.839 --> 00:05:27.399 bit out of order. 102 00:05:27.480 --> 00:05:28.040 You go for it. 103 00:05:28.399 --> 00:05:30.879 Jessica tubasaying wants to know was the god of war 104 00:05:31.000 --> 00:05:34.120 being named Mars a suitable choice? The god of war 105 00:05:34.199 --> 00:05:36.319 being named Mars? Was it a suitable choice? Yeah? 106 00:05:36.360 --> 00:05:38.879 So I thought about it and so the reason they 107 00:05:38.959 --> 00:05:41.120 named it that is because it's red, and so they're 108 00:05:41.160 --> 00:05:43.800 like blood and war and stuff. And so I was thinking, like, 109 00:05:44.160 --> 00:05:46.959 are there other planets that would be like more warlike 110 00:05:47.079 --> 00:05:50.800 and I think maybe not planets, but like moons that 111 00:05:50.879 --> 00:05:53.639 have a lot of volcanoes and they're like turbulent kind 112 00:05:53.680 --> 00:05:56.439 of they're kind of more angry. But I do like 113 00:05:56.480 --> 00:05:59.839 that Mars. I think it's appropriate because it also has 114 00:06:00.040 --> 00:06:02.399 volcanoes and it has like ash deposits and stuff, so 115 00:06:02.399 --> 00:06:05.920 you know that like stuff was exploding. Oh and uh, 116 00:06:06.040 --> 00:06:08.720 but it also has these like catastrophic flood events that 117 00:06:08.759 --> 00:06:11.920 we think happened, so like huge amounts of water just 118 00:06:11.959 --> 00:06:15.240 like flowing over a surface and like so it is 119 00:06:15.319 --> 00:06:18.519 like it does have some like super active processes and 120 00:06:18.560 --> 00:06:20.199 so yeah, I think it is appropriate. I like it, 121 00:06:20.240 --> 00:06:21.399 and I like that it's red. 122 00:06:21.759 --> 00:06:24.279 I think a lot of people figure this is I'm 123 00:06:24.319 --> 00:06:27.000 saying a lot of people, I mean me, because it's red. 124 00:06:27.399 --> 00:06:31.040 We associate that with heat, and we associate like Mars 125 00:06:31.879 --> 00:06:35.680 with like fury and fire. I think it's hard to 126 00:06:35.680 --> 00:06:37.160 wrap your brain around how cold it is. 127 00:06:37.439 --> 00:06:39.000 Yeah, now now it's cold. 128 00:06:39.279 --> 00:06:42.560 I mean I remember I asked a question of of 129 00:06:42.600 --> 00:06:44.720 a friend who works at JPL. I was like, how 130 00:06:44.720 --> 00:06:47.720 do these rovers will stand the heat? And they're like, Uhmitch, 131 00:06:47.839 --> 00:06:48.519 it's cold there. 132 00:06:48.639 --> 00:06:51.600 I was like, oh, yeah, yeah, well I thought it too, 133 00:06:51.759 --> 00:06:53.680 Like I was like, would Venus be better for a 134 00:06:53.720 --> 00:06:56.319 war planet because it's really hot on the surface of Venus. 135 00:06:56.360 --> 00:06:58.600 But then I was like, the volcanoes on Venus are 136 00:06:58.600 --> 00:07:01.720 like the lava from Hawaii, which is like really flowy 137 00:07:01.759 --> 00:07:03.879 and it's not very explosive. And I was like, that's 138 00:07:03.920 --> 00:07:04.759 not very warlike. 139 00:07:05.120 --> 00:07:06.439 Okay, that's a good point. 140 00:07:06.680 --> 00:07:06.920 Yeah. 141 00:07:06.959 --> 00:07:09.279 How do you feel about the book mena from Mars? 142 00:07:09.319 --> 00:07:10.240 Women Are from Venus. 143 00:07:10.560 --> 00:07:11.920 I don't know anything about that book. 144 00:07:12.000 --> 00:07:15.279 It's garbage, Okay. Next question, Stu wants to know what 145 00:07:15.399 --> 00:07:18.240 is the latest stance on Mars habitability with regards to 146 00:07:18.279 --> 00:07:22.199 things such as bone density deterioration and other physiological aspects 147 00:07:22.240 --> 00:07:26.319 from reduced gravity and cosmic radiation. Biologically. Could we deal 148 00:07:26.360 --> 00:07:27.040 with Mars? 149 00:07:27.319 --> 00:07:30.639 Yeah? I think it takes a lot of engineering, but 150 00:07:30.720 --> 00:07:32.920 we could. The Man is like one tenth the gravity 151 00:07:33.160 --> 00:07:35.800 of Earth, I want to say, and Mars is about 152 00:07:35.959 --> 00:07:39.120 one third the gravity. So there's still gravity on Mars, 153 00:07:39.160 --> 00:07:40.800 and so it's like probably not going to be as 154 00:07:40.839 --> 00:07:42.959 bad as like other places you go, for example, like 155 00:07:42.959 --> 00:07:45.639 the space station where it's like no gravity, so you 156 00:07:46.199 --> 00:07:49.480 can be a human, I feel like on Mars. But yeah, 157 00:07:49.480 --> 00:07:51.959 you got to take your other stuff with you, like 158 00:07:52.879 --> 00:07:55.639 your air and your water and your food. 159 00:07:56.240 --> 00:07:58.399 Yeah, it's like byoe, like bring around everything. 160 00:07:58.519 --> 00:08:02.319 Yeah, exactly for real. Yeah, but it's not impossible. 161 00:08:02.600 --> 00:08:08.519 Okay, Yeah cool. Greg ariel Belk, Craig Curry, and Jorge 162 00:08:08.600 --> 00:08:11.680 Barnett all asked the same basic question. Okay, so this 163 00:08:11.759 --> 00:08:14.639 is a super question. Okay, in light of the giant 164 00:08:14.680 --> 00:08:16.759 dust storm that seems to have knocked out the curiosity, 165 00:08:16.800 --> 00:08:20.480 what is the most useful to humanity right now information 166 00:08:21.160 --> 00:08:24.319 that it has collected since its arrival to the red planet. 167 00:08:24.600 --> 00:08:27.720 So questions about dust storms yea, and what's the best 168 00:08:27.720 --> 00:08:29.319 stuff that the rovers have gotten? 169 00:08:30.480 --> 00:08:33.039 Okay, So, like I was thinking about this a lot. 170 00:08:33.759 --> 00:08:36.039 What's the best stuff the rivers have gotten? I think 171 00:08:36.080 --> 00:08:40.399 that like seeing that Mars was habitable in the past 172 00:08:40.519 --> 00:08:43.559 was probably the most interesting and maybe useful to humanity 173 00:08:43.639 --> 00:08:46.000 kind of thing because we can see like how we 174 00:08:46.080 --> 00:08:49.080 see how Mars has changed with time and like how 175 00:08:49.200 --> 00:08:52.120 Earth might change with time to and also like what 176 00:08:52.360 --> 00:08:55.360 the different extremes like that we can have on different 177 00:08:55.360 --> 00:09:00.279 planets are So that's like super interesting. And then yeah, 178 00:09:00.440 --> 00:09:03.120 the dust storm, I don't know, it's just like a 179 00:09:03.159 --> 00:09:06.679 cool global phenomenon it but yeah, for curiosity, we're not 180 00:09:06.759 --> 00:09:09.759 super worried about it. That's the other stuff, the other rivers. 181 00:09:09.799 --> 00:09:11.440 And this is a pretty big one. 182 00:09:12.159 --> 00:09:13.919 Yeah, it is a I think it is a global 183 00:09:14.000 --> 00:09:16.919 dust storm. And there have been global dust storms that 184 00:09:16.960 --> 00:09:20.080 have lasted I think like months. I don't know that 185 00:09:20.159 --> 00:09:23.600 they know how long this one will last because I 186 00:09:23.600 --> 00:09:28.240 think it's still getting worse. Oh yeah, the first like 187 00:09:28.399 --> 00:09:30.399 one of the first satellites they sent to Mars. When 188 00:09:30.399 --> 00:09:32.159 they got there, it was in a dust storm, so 189 00:09:32.159 --> 00:09:35.000 they actually couldn't even really see the surface, which so frustrating. 190 00:09:35.039 --> 00:09:38.000 And it was like a flyby too. I think it's 191 00:09:38.039 --> 00:09:39.200 like not like they could go back. 192 00:09:39.480 --> 00:09:41.799 Oh it's like getting your period on your wedding day. 193 00:09:42.120 --> 00:09:48.240 Yeah maybe sorry, Mars red planet indeed, Okay, Elliott Anya 194 00:09:48.279 --> 00:09:51.440 and el Martinez both wants both want to know realistically 195 00:09:51.559 --> 00:09:55.679 how close are we both politically and technically to a 196 00:09:55.799 --> 00:09:59.000 crude mission to Mars happening. And by crude I mean 197 00:09:59.159 --> 00:10:02.279 crew see ew, not like a crude mission. 198 00:10:02.320 --> 00:10:03.879 Where it's just like crud. 199 00:10:04.399 --> 00:10:07.080 Yeah, like crude. And I'm saying crude because sometimes people 200 00:10:07.159 --> 00:10:10.399 still say manned, and let's be honest, it's crude if 201 00:10:10.399 --> 00:10:15.200 you're like, what, okay, So manned suggests all dudes, which 202 00:10:15.240 --> 00:10:18.000 is not accurate sometimes. And also, if we want more 203 00:10:18.039 --> 00:10:20.399 women in space, let's not suggest that they do not 204 00:10:20.480 --> 00:10:24.200 belong there. So manned is kind of as awkwardly specific 205 00:10:24.240 --> 00:10:28.200 as saying woman crude, nice and neutral. So saying a 206 00:10:28.320 --> 00:10:31.159 manned mission to Mars just FYI in today's day and 207 00:10:31.200 --> 00:10:34.039 age is a little crude because manned is a little 208 00:10:34.039 --> 00:10:34.960 old fashioned. 209 00:10:34.720 --> 00:10:38.039 Yeah, for sure. So, like NASA has plans to have 210 00:10:38.159 --> 00:10:41.559 humans on Mars by the twenty twenty thirty three. I 211 00:10:41.559 --> 00:10:43.720 think there's like a directive or something, but I don't 212 00:10:43.759 --> 00:10:47.000 think that there's like actual a lot of like stuff 213 00:10:47.039 --> 00:10:49.639 happening related to that. I'm not positive about that. But 214 00:10:49.679 --> 00:10:52.320 that was like they were like we will do this, 215 00:10:52.559 --> 00:10:56.159 we will do this, and then but like SpaceX, like 216 00:10:56.240 --> 00:10:58.519 they want to be on Mars like in the twenty twenties. 217 00:10:58.720 --> 00:11:03.080 What yeah, that's uh, that's so soon, that's within like 218 00:11:03.399 --> 00:11:06.919 ten years. I one hundred percent have underwear older than that. 219 00:11:07.039 --> 00:11:10.799 But yes, NASA and SpaceX have crude Mars missions on 220 00:11:10.840 --> 00:11:13.279 their ten year to do list, So I. 221 00:11:13.240 --> 00:11:16.639 Think that like, technologically, I mean, I'm not someone who 222 00:11:16.639 --> 00:11:19.440 does this kind of engineering work or whatever, But politically 223 00:11:19.519 --> 00:11:22.240 I think, I mean, like when NASA wants to go there, 224 00:11:22.279 --> 00:11:24.960 and then technologically I think like we're capable of some 225 00:11:25.000 --> 00:11:27.879 pretty incredible things. So my god, I don't think it's 226 00:11:27.879 --> 00:11:30.240 like impossible. I feel like it seems really soon to 227 00:11:30.279 --> 00:11:32.559 meet too though, But like I said, I'm not involved 228 00:11:32.559 --> 00:11:34.879 in that kind of stuff, so I don't know. 229 00:11:35.039 --> 00:11:36.600 Who do you think they should pick for stuff like that. 230 00:11:38.320 --> 00:11:41.440 There's a graduate she was a post doc in this 231 00:11:41.480 --> 00:11:44.600 department and she was just selected as as an astronaut 232 00:11:44.679 --> 00:11:47.600 last year. Her name's Jessica Watkins and she studied Mars. 233 00:11:48.000 --> 00:11:53.919 Oh Man. This lady, Jessica Watkins from Colorado, former rugby player, pilot, 234 00:11:54.120 --> 00:11:57.639 thirty years old and officially an astronaut. I tried to 235 00:11:57.639 --> 00:12:00.399 see if she had an Instagram upon which I could 236 00:12:00.440 --> 00:12:02.679 fan girl, but alas I could not find her. So 237 00:12:02.720 --> 00:12:05.480 maybe the trick to kicking ass is doing less scrolling 238 00:12:05.519 --> 00:12:08.519 of memes and not looking at videos of people. Man 239 00:12:08.559 --> 00:12:11.759 handling slime late at night. I don't know, but if 240 00:12:11.759 --> 00:12:14.080 I ever meet Jessica Watkins, I'm going to ask her 241 00:12:14.120 --> 00:12:17.000 for all of the life tips. Her tip will probably be, 242 00:12:17.039 --> 00:12:18.120 I don't know, just be me. 243 00:12:18.879 --> 00:12:21.159 She's a marisciologist and now a NASA astronaut. 244 00:12:21.399 --> 00:12:22.639 Holy I'd be. 245 00:12:22.600 --> 00:12:24.679 So psyched if she was the one going on that. 246 00:12:24.799 --> 00:12:25.440 Does she want to go? 247 00:12:25.759 --> 00:12:28.440 Yeah, she's into it. Yeah, she's so into it. Oh 248 00:12:28.480 --> 00:12:29.000 my god. 249 00:12:29.200 --> 00:12:32.080 Yeah, she's like, by Earth your toast. 250 00:12:32.399 --> 00:12:32.919 Yeah. 251 00:12:33.200 --> 00:12:36.480 I don't blame her. It's pretty garbage right now. Yeah, 252 00:12:36.519 --> 00:12:38.200 this is a good time to hit the eject button 253 00:12:38.360 --> 00:12:40.600 on All Earth where it's like, well we fucked this up. 254 00:12:41.799 --> 00:12:49.639 Mariner cosplay, Al Martinez, uh Irakasha, Stephen Titus, and Justin M. 255 00:12:49.679 --> 00:12:53.559 Gifford all wanted to know what are the biggest hurdles 256 00:12:53.600 --> 00:12:57.279 for terraforming and is there an initiative within NASA or 257 00:12:57.320 --> 00:13:01.039 another agency to do so. Also follow question from Ali Ward, 258 00:13:01.159 --> 00:13:02.120 what is terraforming? 259 00:13:02.600 --> 00:13:05.039 I think terraforming. I don't know the definition, but I 260 00:13:05.039 --> 00:13:08.840 feel like it's when you make the surface like have 261 00:13:09.919 --> 00:13:14.440 grass on it. Really No, no, definitely not. That's just 262 00:13:14.440 --> 00:13:15.799 what I imagine is like. 263 00:13:15.720 --> 00:13:21.120 What terraforming is landscaping. It's partial landscaping. Yeah, uh, you'll 264 00:13:21.120 --> 00:13:24.200 have to look that up. But so quick definition here. 265 00:13:24.480 --> 00:13:28.360 Terraforming is mostly at present a sci fi term, and 266 00:13:28.399 --> 00:13:31.679 it means to transform a planet to be more like Earth, 267 00:13:31.879 --> 00:13:35.000 presumably so that we can go live there. So I imagine 268 00:13:34.879 --> 00:13:37.840 in the future HGTV will have a whole Flip or 269 00:13:37.840 --> 00:13:42.279 Flop esque series dedicated to making over dry, barren planets 270 00:13:42.320 --> 00:13:46.080 into like lush, boho habitats of our dreams. All we 271 00:13:46.159 --> 00:13:50.639 have to do is just painstakingly alter but already naturally exists. 272 00:13:51.000 --> 00:13:52.039 Can you review the question? 273 00:13:52.200 --> 00:13:55.879 Yeah, essentially, what are the biggest hurdles for terraforming? 274 00:13:56.120 --> 00:13:58.360 Okay, so, yeah, that we don't have a lot of 275 00:13:58.399 --> 00:14:02.639 water or oxygen the atmosphere there's or or that the 276 00:14:02.679 --> 00:14:06.120 atmosphere is so thin in general. So uh, it's either 277 00:14:06.159 --> 00:14:08.399 going to have to be like you make the atmosphere 278 00:14:08.440 --> 00:14:12.840 thicker somehow by like melting the caps or like taking 279 00:14:13.000 --> 00:14:15.799 an atmosphere, but then you need a shield for the atmosphere. 280 00:14:15.840 --> 00:14:18.039 So like I think if you, like if they existed 281 00:14:18.080 --> 00:14:21.399 in bubbles, like if we had like a big dome, 282 00:14:21.639 --> 00:14:24.440 maybe you could kind of start doing that that way, 283 00:14:24.840 --> 00:14:28.240 where you can like contain your atmosphere and your water 284 00:14:28.320 --> 00:14:31.000 and stuff like that. Yeah, so those are the big hurdles. 285 00:14:31.000 --> 00:14:32.919 In Radiation is another hurdle. 286 00:14:32.879 --> 00:14:34.919 Because there's not a lot of atmosphere to shieldy from 287 00:14:34.960 --> 00:14:37.559 it exactly. Even though the sun is farther away, you're 288 00:14:37.559 --> 00:14:41.519 still like sizzling. So even if you landscape Mars, you're 289 00:14:41.600 --> 00:14:44.200 still going to get a pretty high dose of radiation 290 00:14:44.519 --> 00:14:47.840 because of a really thin atmosphere. And also the place 291 00:14:47.960 --> 00:14:52.399 is pretty dry, it's pretty sandy. Now there is water 292 00:14:52.639 --> 00:14:54.799 trapped in minerals, but getting it out would be, in 293 00:14:54.879 --> 00:14:58.840 technical terms, h a shit ton of work, which brings 294 00:14:58.919 --> 00:15:05.399 up the age old question of why bother Jeffrey Katz 295 00:15:05.679 --> 00:15:08.080 wants to know. Is it worth the trouble and expense 296 00:15:08.120 --> 00:15:10.000 to send humans to Mars or should we put our 297 00:15:10.000 --> 00:15:15.039 effort into more sophisticated robots. Hello, I am a sophisticated 298 00:15:15.120 --> 00:15:18.320 robot now, ILike French films and expensive coffee. 299 00:15:19.279 --> 00:15:23.039 So robots live for a very long time and you 300 00:15:23.080 --> 00:15:26.200 can put all sorts of cool instruments on them, and 301 00:15:26.600 --> 00:15:30.799 in that sense, robots maybe the way, But like humans, 302 00:15:30.879 --> 00:15:32.840 like we've gone to the moon and collected rocks and 303 00:15:32.879 --> 00:15:35.519 it's like so useful for a person to just like 304 00:15:35.600 --> 00:15:37.279 if you walk around and you know what's cool and 305 00:15:37.320 --> 00:15:38.840 you pick it up, you put it in your pocket 306 00:15:39.440 --> 00:15:44.799 and also be super sick to be on Mars. So 307 00:15:45.080 --> 00:15:47.600 that's like really cool too. But then like if you 308 00:15:47.639 --> 00:15:49.679 go to Mars, you can't only be there for so long, 309 00:15:49.720 --> 00:15:51.559 I mean without taking like a ton of stuff with you, 310 00:15:52.279 --> 00:15:55.600 so like you probably need just like way more stuff 311 00:15:55.879 --> 00:15:57.480 with you, and so it's going to be like way 312 00:15:57.480 --> 00:15:59.799 more expensive than just sending like a robot that doesn't 313 00:15:59.840 --> 00:16:00.320 need food. 314 00:16:00.519 --> 00:16:03.559 It's also it also seems like a pride thing, like 315 00:16:03.799 --> 00:16:06.919 why why send humans to Mars when we could have robots. 316 00:16:07.320 --> 00:16:10.480 It's kind of like because we can, Yeah, yeah, because 317 00:16:10.480 --> 00:16:11.840 it'd be cool because we did that. 318 00:16:12.159 --> 00:16:15.799 Yeah, But the robots can accomplish a lot, and we 319 00:16:15.840 --> 00:16:18.919 can send you know, like ten robots to Mars, like 320 00:16:18.960 --> 00:16:22.120 to ten different spots. You know, it's just like way cheaper. 321 00:16:22.080 --> 00:16:24.440 If you go to Mars and you pee on it. 322 00:16:24.679 --> 00:16:27.480 Who owns Mars? Do you own Mars if you just 323 00:16:27.519 --> 00:16:29.200 peede on it? Is that how it works? Or is 324 00:16:29.240 --> 00:16:31.879 it just like in an does the world? Does Earth 325 00:16:31.960 --> 00:16:34.399 even own Mars? Or does Venus own Mars? 326 00:16:34.759 --> 00:16:37.440 Uh, yeah, I think it's like a big debate. I 327 00:16:37.480 --> 00:16:40.279 don't know if necessarily it's debated, but it's a big 328 00:16:40.399 --> 00:16:42.879 issue with with Mars. There's like a whole thing called 329 00:16:42.919 --> 00:16:46.120 planetary protection, where like when we send stuff, we have 330 00:16:46.200 --> 00:16:49.200 to go through like incredible lengths to make sure that 331 00:16:49.240 --> 00:16:53.480 we're not contaminating the planet. Like NASA has like they're like, no, 332 00:16:53.519 --> 00:16:55.159 you can't do that, Like you can't even go a 333 00:16:55.279 --> 00:16:58.240 place place that you think there might be water because 334 00:16:58.240 --> 00:17:00.720 they're like, well, what if we accidentally took some bacteria 335 00:17:00.759 --> 00:17:04.000 and then we accidentally colonize Mars. You know, like there's 336 00:17:04.039 --> 00:17:06.720 all this debate about that. But then there's all these 337 00:17:06.759 --> 00:17:09.039 like private companies and they're like, well, we're going to 338 00:17:09.119 --> 00:17:11.359 do it, so I don't know. 339 00:17:11.359 --> 00:17:14.400 We're kind of going to be trespassing. Yeah, So there 340 00:17:14.480 --> 00:17:18.640 is a wealth of information about planetary protection. This is 341 00:17:18.759 --> 00:17:22.559 keeping space microbes off of Earth and also not shipping 342 00:17:22.599 --> 00:17:27.799 our gross Earth microbes to Martians. These planetary protections include 343 00:17:27.799 --> 00:17:32.400 these complex equations of how many spores per square meter 344 00:17:32.559 --> 00:17:35.440 are acceptable on equipment so that we can send it 345 00:17:35.480 --> 00:17:37.519 into outer space, and the whole thing just kind of 346 00:17:37.559 --> 00:17:40.599 reads like a very long winded like employees must wash 347 00:17:40.640 --> 00:17:44.880 hands after using the restroom sign like so duh. But 348 00:17:45.000 --> 00:17:47.480 also if these rules weren't in place, you know, some 349 00:17:47.519 --> 00:17:50.240 people would be like, Eh, whatever, Okay, Guy R. Thomas 350 00:17:50.279 --> 00:17:52.680 wants to know. My daughter wants to know how many 351 00:17:52.680 --> 00:17:55.480 different rocks have been identified on Mars and how long 352 00:17:55.519 --> 00:17:57.279 does it take to send commands to the rover and 353 00:17:57.279 --> 00:17:58.160 get a response back. 354 00:17:58.359 --> 00:18:01.319 Okay, So there are many different types of rocks that 355 00:18:01.359 --> 00:18:03.319 have been found of Mars, but they're pretty much all 356 00:18:03.319 --> 00:18:06.279 the same as Earth rocks. So there's like basalt, which 357 00:18:06.319 --> 00:18:08.400 is like what we get like kind of lava from 358 00:18:08.599 --> 00:18:13.119 Hawaii type rocks. And then there's like sedimentary rocks that 359 00:18:13.240 --> 00:18:16.960 like from the lakes, so like layered rocks. There's like 360 00:18:17.400 --> 00:18:23.839 sandstones like mudstones. There are meteorites on Mars. Yeah, it 361 00:18:23.920 --> 00:18:28.720 came from other places, yeah, that we found with the rovers. 362 00:18:28.799 --> 00:18:31.119 There's it's weird to think there's a chunk of Earth 363 00:18:31.559 --> 00:18:33.079 on Mars and someone's like. 364 00:18:33.079 --> 00:18:39.000 What, Yeah, actually I think that like they wanted to 365 00:18:39.079 --> 00:18:41.559 send a part of a meteorite back to Mars just 366 00:18:41.640 --> 00:18:47.240 like a little bit. Yeah, but yeah, it's harder, I 367 00:18:47.240 --> 00:18:49.640 think to get a rock from Earth to Mars, like 368 00:18:49.680 --> 00:18:52.119 because of their orbits and they're dis instrument the sun. 369 00:18:52.839 --> 00:18:54.880 So I don't know. I mean, you know, there's probably 370 00:18:54.880 --> 00:18:57.559 as one though, because things there's been a lot of 371 00:18:57.559 --> 00:18:58.279 time in history. 372 00:19:00.920 --> 00:19:02.680 Danny Kay wants to know, is it possible to have 373 00:19:02.720 --> 00:19:06.920 a water balloon fight on Mars the atmosphere. 374 00:19:06.359 --> 00:19:12.599 Yeah, so so yes, in certain places at certain times. 375 00:19:12.599 --> 00:19:16.000 So the question is related to the fact that water's 376 00:19:16.039 --> 00:19:18.720 not stable on the surface for a lot of the time. 377 00:19:18.759 --> 00:19:20.799 So it's either it's like too cold, so it'd be ice, 378 00:19:20.920 --> 00:19:23.200 or it's like low pressure so it would be gas. 379 00:19:23.720 --> 00:19:25.440 So like liquid water is not really there, so you'd 380 00:19:25.480 --> 00:19:28.400 have like a like a soft like a baseball, or 381 00:19:28.480 --> 00:19:31.920 like an exploding balloon. But if you go like low 382 00:19:32.039 --> 00:19:36.119 enough elevation, I think you can get in some places 383 00:19:36.160 --> 00:19:41.279 for brief moments in time enough pressure and enough atmosphereic 384 00:19:41.640 --> 00:19:43.839 I mean enough pressure and a high enough temperature that 385 00:19:43.920 --> 00:19:44.920 you could maybe do that. 386 00:19:45.160 --> 00:19:47.519 Yeah, so certain spots, and that's why we need to 387 00:19:47.519 --> 00:19:49.240 send more rovers. It's to find out where to have 388 00:19:49.279 --> 00:19:50.079 the water balloon fights. 389 00:19:50.160 --> 00:19:50.359 Yeah. 390 00:19:50.400 --> 00:19:52.680 And also the street value of that water balloon is 391 00:19:52.720 --> 00:19:54.680 like millions of dollars because it had to be shipped 392 00:19:54.680 --> 00:19:58.839 from elsewhere. Yeah, so that's like having a balloon fight 393 00:19:58.880 --> 00:20:01.799 with a gold dust on our you know what I mean. Like, yeah, 394 00:20:02.000 --> 00:20:04.200 don't even think about a super soaker. This is asking 395 00:20:04.279 --> 00:20:07.720 too much. So side note for more information on the 396 00:20:07.759 --> 00:20:11.680 inventor of the super soaker, who was a NASA engineer. 397 00:20:11.880 --> 00:20:14.519 You can see my minisode about Summer that just went 398 00:20:14.599 --> 00:20:18.319 up a few weeks ago. A yastology should be a word, 399 00:20:18.720 --> 00:20:20.799 So it's all about Summer in the history of water 400 00:20:20.880 --> 00:20:24.240 fights and also melan genetics. Laura Mulligan wants to know 401 00:20:24.279 --> 00:20:26.160