WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.360 --> 00:00:02.759 Get value you can't argue with at Tesco with their 2 00:00:02.799 --> 00:00:05.639 amazing cloak card prices. Have the perfect night in with 3 00:00:05.679 --> 00:00:08.759 their finest frozen pizza meal deal. Get the finest frozen pizza, 4 00:00:08.960 --> 00:00:11.679 chips and ice cream all for six euro like our 5 00:00:11.679 --> 00:00:14.839 delicious spicy salami, hot honey and do ye or Margarito 6 00:00:14.880 --> 00:00:18.039 wood fired pizzas, served up with their crispy chunkie chips 7 00:00:18.239 --> 00:00:21.280 and ice cream like sea salta caramel or pistachio for dessert. 8 00:00:21.679 --> 00:00:25.120 Can't argue with that shop in store or online. Tesco. 9 00:00:25.600 --> 00:00:28.960 Every Little helps available in most stores. Prices vary in express. 10 00:00:30.199 --> 00:00:32.920 You're on the bus an hour from home, in bumper 11 00:00:32.960 --> 00:00:36.200 to bumper traffic, creeping forward a few inches at a time, 12 00:00:36.880 --> 00:00:38.759 someone's kids are screaming, and. 13 00:00:38.799 --> 00:00:40.280 Suddenly your back is too. 14 00:00:41.719 --> 00:00:45.799 Luckily, Panadal extra film coated tablets are boosted by caffeine 15 00:00:45.840 --> 00:00:47.719 and they get to work in as little as ten 16 00:00:47.880 --> 00:00:52.119 minutes for powerful relief. That's more than just paracetamol. That's 17 00:00:52.200 --> 00:00:56.479 one for Pana doll speed based on absorption data contains paracetamol. 18 00:00:56.520 --> 00:00:57.960 Always read the label or leaflet. 19 00:01:00.479 --> 00:01:04.439 Oh hello, it's your etcric Aunt and your Internet dad. 20 00:01:04.519 --> 00:01:07.519 Alli Ward we're back with an episode of Smologies. Sosmologies 21 00:01:07.599 --> 00:01:10.400 are these classic Ologies episodes, but we cut them down 22 00:01:10.480 --> 00:01:12.239 and make them shorter, and we edit them for the 23 00:01:12.319 --> 00:01:16.079 language so that they are kids safe and classroom appropriate 24 00:01:16.239 --> 00:01:19.359 and parents don't yell at me. Now, if you've never 25 00:01:19.480 --> 00:01:22.040 listened to the full version of this episode about fish 26 00:01:22.200 --> 00:01:25.359 and you're not around impressionable ears, it's linked right in 27 00:01:25.400 --> 00:01:27.680 the show notes for grown ups, the longer one it's 28 00:01:27.719 --> 00:01:28.120 there for you. 29 00:01:28.239 --> 00:01:28.840 Go straight to that. 30 00:01:28.959 --> 00:01:32.200 But if you're down for a family friendly, shorter version, 31 00:01:32.640 --> 00:01:34.280 this episode of Smologies. 32 00:01:33.840 --> 00:01:34.599 Is for you also. 33 00:01:34.680 --> 00:01:36.599 Quickly, before I get into it, I'm going to be 34 00:01:36.640 --> 00:01:40.079 at WENDERCN in Anaheim. Ever heard of Wonder Con. It's 35 00:01:40.120 --> 00:01:43.599 an Anaheim. It's on Friday, March twenty fourth. I'll be 36 00:01:43.680 --> 00:01:47.040 there leading a panel that's Friday, March twenty fourth, twenty 37 00:01:47.040 --> 00:01:50.879 twenty three, six pm Friday, a panel about climate change 38 00:01:50.879 --> 00:01:54.159 and art with my friends from the organization Functional Magic, 39 00:01:54.200 --> 00:01:58.560 who make these awesome collectible climate solutions gig posters, and 40 00:01:58.840 --> 00:02:02.280 I've interviewed my friend Andy Hall, who started the organization before. 41 00:02:02.359 --> 00:02:04.640 I'll link that in the show notes two. But they 42 00:02:04.680 --> 00:02:08.199 donate proceeds to Rainforest charities, So I'll be there. If 43 00:02:08.240 --> 00:02:10.120 you're at Wonder Con, come to our panel Friday at 44 00:02:10.120 --> 00:02:13.719 six pm and say hi, Okay, now ichthyology smologies. 45 00:02:13.759 --> 00:02:15.240 Ooh, this is a good one. 46 00:02:15.400 --> 00:02:19.680 So I was giddy to talk face to face about fish. First, 47 00:02:19.879 --> 00:02:26.240 the etymology of ichthyology pretty straightforward. Ichthys means fish in Greek. 48 00:02:26.919 --> 00:02:30.919 It also sounds like a cat sneezing, like ichthys. 49 00:02:31.759 --> 00:02:32.120 Do it? 50 00:02:32.639 --> 00:02:36.840 Do it right now? Ex these right? Whatever? Okay. 51 00:02:36.840 --> 00:02:39.520 So this ologist let me into the bowels of a 52 00:02:39.599 --> 00:02:43.879 natural history museum to the very basement where she walked 53 00:02:43.879 --> 00:02:49.319 me through Florida ceiling gray metal shelves filled with jars 54 00:02:49.360 --> 00:02:55.639 of fish suspended in these amber, chunky liquids, past these 55 00:02:55.800 --> 00:02:57.960 articulated fish skeletons. 56 00:02:58.039 --> 00:03:00.120 Apparently the collection. 57 00:02:59.840 --> 00:03:05.360 The museum is over five million specimens of just fish, 58 00:03:06.080 --> 00:03:08.360 which weigh a lot of pounds. So they got to 59 00:03:08.360 --> 00:03:10.400 put them on the bottom floor because they're so heavy. 60 00:03:10.639 --> 00:03:12.960 That's the thing with museums. What you see on display 61 00:03:13.120 --> 00:03:16.520 is the tiniest fraction of what they really have. So 62 00:03:16.639 --> 00:03:19.719 much is kept in the back in libraries and warehouses. 63 00:03:19.800 --> 00:03:22.560 Is like a catalog for research. So we pulled up 64 00:03:22.599 --> 00:03:26.080 some chairs in this little library and this ologist. Honestly, 65 00:03:26.240 --> 00:03:30.639 she has the regal presence of Robin Wright, but she 66 00:03:30.639 --> 00:03:33.439 has the timing of a comedian, and she has the 67 00:03:33.520 --> 00:03:36.879 obsessive fish knowledge of a savant. And I just could 68 00:03:36.919 --> 00:03:38.919 not get over her. I couldn't get over her. It 69 00:03:38.960 --> 00:03:42.400 was like, you're amazing. So you'll learn about the touching 70 00:03:42.479 --> 00:03:45.319 relationship between a fish and a shrimp that I want 71 00:03:45.360 --> 00:03:48.800 to write a quiet indie movie about what seafood you 72 00:03:48.840 --> 00:03:52.960 should not eat and how you can save the planet. 73 00:03:53.439 --> 00:03:56.840 You and me. So we cover a lot of ground 74 00:03:57.039 --> 00:03:59.840 in By ground, I mean ocean. So let's dive in 75 00:04:00.479 --> 00:04:12.879 with ichthyologist doctor Chris Backero. 76 00:04:12.159 --> 00:04:20.920 Alogy, minology, knowlogy. 77 00:04:21.120 --> 00:04:24.759 So you are an ichthyologist, that's right. I study fish. 78 00:04:24.839 --> 00:04:28.720 How long have you been an ichthyologist? Since birth? 79 00:04:28.800 --> 00:04:30.160 Since? Yeah? Since ever. 80 00:04:30.519 --> 00:04:33.079 Chris has worked at the Natural History Museum of Valley 81 00:04:33.120 --> 00:04:36.600 County for almost twenty years, and she's been studying a 82 00:04:36.800 --> 00:04:40.399 specific group of little fishies for almost twenty five years. 83 00:04:40.800 --> 00:04:43.360 That is a long term relationship with fish. 84 00:04:43.680 --> 00:04:45.560 The fish that I work on are called Gobi's and 85 00:04:45.639 --> 00:04:48.680 they are a group of reefishes and stream fishes. They're 86 00:04:48.680 --> 00:04:53.519 found all around the world, Gobi's are so fascinating and variable. 87 00:04:53.560 --> 00:04:56.519 They do anything like any evolutionary thing you want to study, 88 00:04:56.639 --> 00:04:58.360 a gobe is doing it. Pretty much. 89 00:04:58.920 --> 00:05:01.439 Let's back up and can you tell me what a 90 00:05:01.480 --> 00:05:02.079 fish is? 91 00:05:02.720 --> 00:05:04.959 Okay? A fish is a vertebrate, which means it has 92 00:05:05.079 --> 00:05:07.959 a bony skeleton with a backbone. It's a vertebrate that 93 00:05:07.959 --> 00:05:11.759 lives in the water. That's about well, that's about it, 94 00:05:11.800 --> 00:05:17.160 although it obviously doesn't include some water living vertebrates like whales. 95 00:05:17.279 --> 00:05:20.160 Fishes breathe water, they don't have lungs. The bony fishes 96 00:05:20.160 --> 00:05:23.040 are part of a claye called actionopterigii. Okay, what was 97 00:05:23.040 --> 00:05:23.399 that word? 98 00:05:24.240 --> 00:05:28.160 Acting after a gi, which means ray finned fishes. It 99 00:05:28.240 --> 00:05:30.079 kind of sounds like the first line of a camp song, 100 00:05:30.279 --> 00:05:34.040 like the sequel to John Janle Jimberheimer Schmidt, right, Okay, 101 00:05:34.040 --> 00:05:34.720 back to it. 102 00:05:34.639 --> 00:05:37.079 Which describes some characters of like the way the fins 103 00:05:37.120 --> 00:05:39.120 are arranged, some kind of details of the bones. But 104 00:05:39.600 --> 00:05:42.399 basically they're a vertebrate animal in the water. That's not 105 00:05:42.439 --> 00:05:44.079 a whale. That's not a whaler a dolphin right or 106 00:05:44.120 --> 00:05:48.600 a seal okay, or a snake right or human being 107 00:05:48.720 --> 00:05:51.600 or human you know what I mean or your dog 108 00:05:51.639 --> 00:05:52.040 at the beach. 109 00:05:52.879 --> 00:05:55.079 Exactly, as soon as you have a backbone r in 110 00:05:55.120 --> 00:05:57.120 the water, you become a fish. Well no, I would 111 00:05:57.199 --> 00:06:00.480 like to think so, so this is a I mean 112 00:06:00.519 --> 00:06:01.759 going back to like when you were a kid and 113 00:06:01.759 --> 00:06:02.759 you were marveling at the tank. 114 00:06:03.000 --> 00:06:06.800 This is such a basic question. But how to fish breathe? 115 00:06:07.079 --> 00:06:11.040 It is? It is? That's not a basic question. That 116 00:06:11.079 --> 00:06:14.000 was a complicated Okay, gases, so they need oxygen. They're 117 00:06:14.040 --> 00:06:17.279 like us. They need oxygen to run their cells. They 118 00:06:17.360 --> 00:06:21.240 absorb oxygen from the water, but that's more difficult than 119 00:06:21.279 --> 00:06:25.120 absorbing oxygen from the air. Although remember our lungs are 120 00:06:25.240 --> 00:06:28.839 wet like air, we also absorb oxygen from water. It's 121 00:06:28.879 --> 00:06:31.279 just a thin scrim of water inside a lung. 122 00:06:31.439 --> 00:06:34.480 Oh hey, heads up, you got moist lungs now, you know. 123 00:06:34.879 --> 00:06:40.399 But fishes have a very frilly, complicated blood enriched gill 124 00:06:40.639 --> 00:06:43.319 sort of filament looks like feathers, like a filament. Well, 125 00:06:43.319 --> 00:06:44.720 you've seen them on an ax a lode. 126 00:06:44.920 --> 00:06:47.519 So an ax a lottle is a great word. It's 127 00:06:47.560 --> 00:06:51.199 also a type of salamander and it's lungs they look 128 00:06:51.360 --> 00:06:53.600 like frills on the side of its head. 129 00:06:53.920 --> 00:06:54.759 Kind of like it's. 130 00:06:54.560 --> 00:06:59.920 Wearing two feathery fans where our ears would be. It's majestic, 131 00:07:00.199 --> 00:07:04.519 it's slimy, it's glamorous. Axilettls are amazing. Well, fish have 132 00:07:04.600 --> 00:07:06.879 that kind of thing, but on the inside. 133 00:07:06.519 --> 00:07:09.920 Yeah, inside the head, And the purpose of that is 134 00:07:09.959 --> 00:07:12.680 to exchange, have a lot of surface area, exchange with 135 00:07:12.720 --> 00:07:16.319 water and oxygen diffuses from the water into the blood. Okay, 136 00:07:16.360 --> 00:07:18.920 so then what is the deal with a fish? Bladd Okay, 137 00:07:18.959 --> 00:07:21.560 so you mean a swim last swim swim blast. Yeah, 138 00:07:21.720 --> 00:07:24.199 fishes have swim bladders, well not all, but most of them, 139 00:07:24.319 --> 00:07:28.920 and those are for regulating points. Because remember, fishes live 140 00:07:29.160 --> 00:07:31.040 in sort of three D. They move side to side, 141 00:07:31.040 --> 00:07:32.600 they move forward and back, but they also move up 142 00:07:32.639 --> 00:07:35.120 and down. Oh yeah, you know, compared to the fishes, 143 00:07:35.160 --> 00:07:37.360 we're sort of just like in flat land, Like we 144 00:07:37.839 --> 00:07:40.000 move like just in a few directions, but fish are 145 00:07:40.040 --> 00:07:41.920 actually basically always flying. 146 00:07:41.920 --> 00:07:48.680 Underwater, never wearing pants, flying without ever falling. I'm like, oh, okay, 147 00:07:48.680 --> 00:07:51.399 I get it. Like fish have the best lives. They 148 00:07:51.439 --> 00:07:54.879 have the best lives. They also have swim bladders which 149 00:07:54.920 --> 00:07:58.120 fill with gas and floats them up and down kind 150 00:07:58.160 --> 00:08:00.319 of like a functional whoope cushion. 151 00:08:00.560 --> 00:08:03.480 Most of the time, and it's there are also some 152 00:08:03.600 --> 00:08:07.079 types of fishes that can actually gulp air and put 153 00:08:07.079 --> 00:08:08.839 it into their swim bladders, but obviously that's not gonna 154 00:08:08.839 --> 00:08:10.240 work for a fish that lives, you know, one hundred 155 00:08:10.279 --> 00:08:12.240 feet ble of surface. So there's two different. 156 00:08:12.079 --> 00:08:17.279 Kinds, okay, saltwater fish freshwater fish. I think we don't 157 00:08:17.279 --> 00:08:19.879 think about it until it comes time to have Perhaps 158 00:08:19.920 --> 00:08:21.360 one is a pet and you're like, oh, if you 159 00:08:21.360 --> 00:08:24.040 have a saltwater aquarium, you are a millionaire. 160 00:08:24.160 --> 00:08:24.879 It's a whole different thing. 161 00:08:24.920 --> 00:08:26.079 Yeah, I you have a bowl with a fish in 162 00:08:26.120 --> 00:08:28.399 it that costs a dollar. What is the difference in 163 00:08:28.439 --> 00:08:30.480 how they live and how they breathe and exist? 164 00:08:31.120 --> 00:08:33.000 The difference in how it has to do with osmo. 165 00:08:33.200 --> 00:08:36.519 It's called osmo regulation, which is their regulation of salt 166 00:08:36.639 --> 00:08:40.159 basically in your body and outside your body. So the kidney, 167 00:08:40.679 --> 00:08:42.960 you know, pump salt one way or the other. Freshwater 168 00:08:43.000 --> 00:08:45.399 fishes live in a situation where they've got too much 169 00:08:45.440 --> 00:08:48.120 salt relative to the freshwater around them. Saltwater fishes have 170 00:08:48.200 --> 00:08:49.759 less salt than the water around them, so they just 171 00:08:49.799 --> 00:08:51.440 have to be careful with their kidneys. Some of them 172 00:08:51.480 --> 00:08:54.519 go back and forth. What oh yeah, well salmon, right, 173 00:08:54.639 --> 00:08:56.679 salmon go down, They go up the river, they have 174 00:08:56.720 --> 00:08:58.480 their babies, they wash back down, they live some time 175 00:08:58.480 --> 00:09:00.240 in the ocean, they switch back. Lots of go do 176 00:09:00.279 --> 00:09:03.039 this too? Really? Yeah, how do they do that? They're kidneys? 177 00:09:03.039 --> 00:09:04.480 That's how wow. 178 00:09:04.559 --> 00:09:06.679 You know, I never knew. I always thought like once 179 00:09:06.720 --> 00:09:08.919 they got to a brackish zone, they'd be like, I'm 180 00:09:08.919 --> 00:09:09.360 out of here. 181 00:09:09.480 --> 00:09:10.919 Some do okay. 182 00:09:11.039 --> 00:09:16.159 Yeah, I've seen salmon spawning in a stream, and I've 183 00:09:16.200 --> 00:09:20.600 always wondered, like, clearly that makes them so vulnerable to predation. 184 00:09:20.639 --> 00:09:23.720 If you wanted sashimi was just like any of them. Well, 185 00:09:23.759 --> 00:09:26.919 I mean you've seen the bears. Yeah, just scooping them, 186 00:09:26.960 --> 00:09:28.840 just scooping them up. Just watch them, just watch them 187 00:09:28.919 --> 00:09:31.399 go by, grabbing them one by one. There's a lot 188 00:09:31.440 --> 00:09:33.279 of them, Yeah, and some of them make it and 189 00:09:33.320 --> 00:09:35.440 some of them don't. But a lot of them make it. 190 00:09:35.639 --> 00:09:37.639 And also you know, a lot the ones that do 191 00:09:37.720 --> 00:09:40.639 make it, they'll have hundreds and thousands of eggs and so's. 192 00:09:40.720 --> 00:09:43.559 That's kind of how fishes deal most of the time 193 00:09:43.639 --> 00:09:49.399 with the lottery of having children, is that they have 194 00:09:49.480 --> 00:09:51.759 a whole bunch and just hope that some survive. Right, 195 00:09:51.759 --> 00:09:56.480 they're like, by good luck, sia, yeah, have fun, yeah, okay, okay, bye, 196 00:09:56.840 --> 00:09:58.399 good luck and farewell. 197 00:09:58.799 --> 00:10:01.519 When it comes to the little guys, you study a 198 00:10:01.559 --> 00:10:03.440 lot of little guys. You showed me some cool specimens. 199 00:10:04.799 --> 00:10:06.879 Is that also a numbers game? I mean they're kind 200 00:10:06.919 --> 00:10:10.799 of are they kind of lower on the food chain, right, it's. 201 00:10:10.679 --> 00:10:12.919 Kind of a it's a value lating term. It's evaluating. 202 00:10:12.960 --> 00:10:16.720 Sorry sorry, yes, yes, they are. They are. It's their 203 00:10:17.000 --> 00:10:19.120 food for a lot of other things. It's true. Yeah, 204 00:10:19.159 --> 00:10:21.120 and there's a lot of them. There's a lot of them. 205 00:10:21.120 --> 00:10:24.080 There's so the larger group that they're a part of 206 00:10:24.159 --> 00:10:27.320 is maybe twenty, say, twenty five hundred species, and the 207 00:10:27.360 --> 00:10:29.759 total number of bony fishes is like twenty five thousand, 208 00:10:29.840 --> 00:10:31.639 so that little more so that's ten percent of fishes 209 00:10:31.720 --> 00:10:32.120 right there. 210 00:10:32.720 --> 00:10:36.240 How many fish species have been identified. 211 00:10:35.759 --> 00:10:39.200 So, like I said, twenty twenty six thousand in that ballpark. Yeah, 212 00:10:39.480 --> 00:10:40.919 there's more all the time. People are finding more all 213 00:10:40.960 --> 00:10:42.039 the time, and there's more out there. We don't know 214 00:10:42.080 --> 00:10:43.639 about it. I mean, there might be fifty thousand out 215 00:10:43.639 --> 00:10:46.080 there that we just haven't we haven't gotten them yet. 216 00:10:46.240 --> 00:10:48.759 And you just walked me through the collections. You have 217 00:10:49.039 --> 00:10:53.000 five million specimens here. What's the craziest fish you've ever seen? 218 00:10:53.159 --> 00:10:55.480 Irl? Something called a hulafish? 219 00:10:55.519 --> 00:10:55.960 What is it? 220 00:10:56.039 --> 00:10:58.759 Okay? A hula fish is a small refish that lives 221 00:10:58.759 --> 00:11:02.039 in Australia and it is only found in Australia. And 222 00:11:02.120 --> 00:11:03.559 I'd never heard of it. I've never seen it. And 223 00:11:03.639 --> 00:11:05.240 there's just like a couple of years ago, I'm sending 224 00:11:05.240 --> 00:11:06.799 fish all this time and I'm done in a crime 225 00:11:06.879 --> 00:11:08.360 in Sydney and I saw this fish in the tank 226 00:11:08.399 --> 00:11:11.919 and I had no idea what it was like, no idea, 227 00:11:12.960 --> 00:11:15.759 And that's a weird feeling, right given you know what 228 00:11:15.879 --> 00:11:18.159 I do. And I just stared at as stared and 229 00:11:18.200 --> 00:11:19.720 start and it was like I was five again looking 230 00:11:19.720 --> 00:11:21.799 at this tank, going how is this possible? What is 231 00:11:21.840 --> 00:11:25.159 this alien thing? Yeah? Hulafish freaky looking and it looks 232 00:11:25.159 --> 00:11:27.080 like nothing. It's a little got blue and white stripes, 233 00:11:27.120 --> 00:11:29.879 but it moves in a very sinuous way like a 234 00:11:29.919 --> 00:11:32.000 hula answer hence the name. And that's where they got 235 00:11:32.000 --> 00:11:33.039 it exactly. 236 00:11:33.240 --> 00:11:35.279 I saw a video and a hula fish does have mooves. 237 00:11:35.720 --> 00:11:41.080 Do you have a favorite fish? I have several favorite fish. 238 00:11:41.399 --> 00:11:42.519 Have you ever seen a wahoo? 239 00:11:43.080 --> 00:11:45.000 It's beautiful, It's beautiful. 240 00:11:45.080 --> 00:11:47.519 A wahoo is kind of like a tune. It's a great, big, 241 00:11:47.519 --> 00:11:50.240 silvery pelagic fish, and it's just spectacular. It looks like 242 00:11:50.279 --> 00:11:54.200 a torpedo. It's like a silvery torpedo. I really like 243 00:11:54.240 --> 00:11:56.039 mund skippers. I like shrimp goobi. Some of the shrimp 244 00:11:56.080 --> 00:11:58.600 gobies I work on are just beautiful, a very delicate, 245 00:11:58.720 --> 00:12:01.399 you know, colorful. Fish is do all kinds of weird things. 246 00:12:01.440 --> 00:12:04.159 So, yeah, what's their relationship with shrimp? 247 00:12:04.759 --> 00:12:08.320 Shrimp? Goby's live with shrimp and burrows. The shrimp builds 248 00:12:08.320 --> 00:12:10.440 the burrow and the gobi lives with the shrimp. So 249 00:12:10.440 --> 00:12:12.919 it's a symbiotic relationship, like a mutualistic relationship. They help 250 00:12:12.960 --> 00:12:15.080 each other. Oh my god, they're like Burton nerdy they are. 251 00:12:15.120 --> 00:12:17.200 And Gobi's actually do this a lot. There's gobi's that 252 00:12:17.240 --> 00:12:19.039 live in sponges and sea urchins and you know, all 253 00:12:19.120 --> 00:12:21.799 kinds of different places. They like, they're friendly, they like 254 00:12:21.799 --> 00:12:25.519 to participate in mutualisms. And a goby and a shrimp 255 00:12:26.279 --> 00:12:29.200 will the gobi is actually the watch dog, so the 256 00:12:29.240 --> 00:12:34.080 shrimp is blind. Oh this is this is a great story. 257 00:12:34.240 --> 00:12:36.720 The shrimp is blind. This is nature, This is evolution, 258 00:12:36.879 --> 00:12:38.720 this is just all. This is our world we live. 259 00:12:38.799 --> 00:12:42.000 This is a planet we live on with these things, 260 00:12:42.039 --> 00:12:44.440 which is kind of like just blows my mind. This 261 00:12:44.480 --> 00:12:46.240 is fishes. I think of my fishes every day with 262 00:12:46.320 --> 00:12:49.360 that sort of tone like, this is on our planet 263 00:12:49.399 --> 00:12:52.879 with us. Are these creatures? So shrimps and gobi's. The 264 00:12:52.879 --> 00:12:57.159 shrimp is blind, the goby watches, sits on the bottom 265 00:12:57.200 --> 00:12:59.879 and watches and is a guard dog. The little shrimp 266 00:13:00.080 --> 00:13:02.279 builds the burrow and takes care of the burrow, and 267 00:13:02.399 --> 00:13:05.759 they are in touch with each other. They communicate via 268 00:13:06.080 --> 00:13:10.519 a tactile communication system, a touch system. What the antennae 269 00:13:10.519 --> 00:13:12.600 of the shrimp are very long, and the antennae of 270 00:13:12.639 --> 00:13:16.320 the shrimp. As the shrimp, you know, scrumples around and works, 271 00:13:16.840 --> 00:13:19.480 it keeps in contact with the gobi's body, and the 272 00:13:19.519 --> 00:13:23.399 gobi will flick its tail or move or dart back 273 00:13:23.399 --> 00:13:25.600 and forth to let the shrimp know what's going on 274 00:13:25.639 --> 00:13:28.840 if there's danger, if you can come out no way 275 00:13:29.039 --> 00:13:29.879 condumer cent. True. 276 00:13:30.840 --> 00:13:32.679 I'm sure people ask you this day in and day out. 277 00:13:32.720 --> 00:13:35.559 Do you eat fish? Yes? I do eat fish. Okay 278 00:13:35.840 --> 00:13:37.919 for fish, I always recommend this is and it's serious. 279 00:13:37.960 --> 00:13:39.200 I mean, this is one again one of those things 280 00:13:39.240 --> 00:13:40.799 we got to watch out for with the ocean. Don't 281 00:13:40.840 --> 00:13:44.440 eat most kinds of wild cott tuna, do not eat 282 00:13:44.480 --> 00:13:48.559 orange roughy. For your convenience, you can go to seafood 283 00:13:48.559 --> 00:13:51.120 watch dot org. Okay, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium has 284 00:13:51.159 --> 00:13:53.480 a list and it's always changing. They're always updating it. 285 00:13:53.559 --> 00:13:55.720 But a lot of farmed fish is fine to eat. 286 00:13:55.759 --> 00:14:00.799 You know it's done responsibly, you know, eq logically conscious. 287 00:14:00.799 --> 00:14:02.600 And you can also check and see if it's if 288 00:14:02.600 --> 00:14:05.840 the seafood that you're buying is MSc certified miss Marine 289 00:14:05.879 --> 00:14:06.879 Stewardship Council. 290 00:14:07.039 --> 00:14:09.480 So okay, I didn't know about that. I read one 291 00:14:09.519 --> 00:14:12.080 story about how there's some oh god, now I can't remember, 292 00:14:12.240 --> 00:14:14.080 some fish who holds her eggs in her mouth. 293 00:14:14.159 --> 00:14:17.639 Oh yeah, cardinalfish. Cardinal fish do it. Jawfish do it. It 294 00:14:17.600 --> 00:14:20.600 is fantastic. They will go sick lids. Sicklet fishes which 295 00:14:20.600 --> 00:14:23.759 you might know from aquaria, will sometimes do it. It's 296 00:14:23.799 --> 00:14:26.200 just a way to keep the eggs safe. We don't judge. 297 00:14:26.279 --> 00:14:28.000 I mean, but the main thing with fish is you've 298 00:14:28.000 --> 00:14:29.559 got to make a lot of babies. Hope they survive 299 00:14:29.679 --> 00:14:32.360 exactly exactly. And the idea is that. 300 00:14:32.279 --> 00:14:36.039 The the lower the amount of care that you put 301 00:14:36.039 --> 00:14:38.639 into your babies, the more you've got to have. So like, 302 00:14:38.639 --> 00:14:40.240 if you're just gonna blow them out to the wind 303 00:14:40.279 --> 00:14:42.799 like a seed or fish egg, you know, into the water, 304 00:14:42.799 --> 00:14:44.279 you gotta have a bunch of them. If you're gonna 305 00:14:44.320 --> 00:14:46.120 take care of them, you might have fewer. And if 306 00:14:46.159 --> 00:14:47.919 a mouth breweder is just gonna have a couple of hundred, 307 00:14:47.919 --> 00:14:50.399 whereas a spawner broadcast spawner might have a couple thousand. 308 00:14:50.639 --> 00:14:55.639 A broadcast spawner broadcast spawner broadcasting to you, yes. 309 00:14:55.639 --> 00:14:57.559 Is that just like holding eggs out of a moving 310 00:14:57.600 --> 00:14:58.639 car and you just. 311 00:14:59.480 --> 00:15:04.320 See it's like salt the fields just everywhere. Although sharks 312 00:15:04.360 --> 00:15:08.840 have those cool sacks, yeah, sharks, sharks are have some 313 00:15:08.960 --> 00:15:10.679 lay eggs like that, and some actually have live young 314 00:15:10.720 --> 00:15:11.840 and some fish have live young too. 315 00:15:11.919 --> 00:15:14.440 They have a few live young, but it's rare. And 316 00:15:14.559 --> 00:15:18.120 sharks are fish, sharks are fish. I have so many 317 00:15:18.200 --> 00:15:21.639 questions from listeners. Oh absolutely, rapid fire please Okay, but 318 00:15:21.759 --> 00:15:25.120 before we take questions from you, our beloved listeners, we're 319 00:15:25.120 --> 00:15:27.360 going to take a quick break for sponsors of the 320 00:15:27.360 --> 00:15:28.480 show sponsors. 321 00:15:28.639 --> 00:15:30.000 Why sponsors, you know what they do. 322 00:15:30.120 --> 00:15:33.039 They help us give money to different charities every week, 323 00:15:33.440 --> 00:15:35.639 and this week we'll donate to the Monterey Bay Aquariums 324 00:15:35.679 --> 00:15:39.600 Seafood Watch program, which helps consumers and businesses make choices 325 00:15:39.840 --> 00:15:42.759 for a healthy ocean, and they protect the ocean now 326 00:15:42.799 --> 00:15:47.279 and for the future through trusted seafood recommendations and collaboration 327 00:15:47.559 --> 00:15:50.360 with businesses and governments and consumers and partners worldwide. You 328 00:15:50.399 --> 00:15:53.200 can learn more at seafoodwatch dot org and thank you 329 00:15:53.279 --> 00:15:56.720 to sponsors for helping us make that donate get value. 330 00:15:56.759 --> 00:15:59.960 You can't argue with Atesco with their amazing club guard prices. 331 00:16:00.240 --> 00:16:02.600 Have the perfect night in with their finest frozen pizza 332 00:16:02.639 --> 00:16:05.320 meal deal. Get a finest frozen pizza, chips and ice 333 00:16:05.399 --> 00:16:08.720 cream all for six euro like our delicious spicy Salami, 334 00:16:08.759 --> 00:16:12.159 Hot Honey and Doya or Margarito wood fired pizzas, served 335 00:16:12.200 --> 00:16:14.799 up with their crispy chunkie chips and ice cream like 336 00:16:14.840 --> 00:16:18.039 Sea Salt de Caramel or Pistatio for dessert. Can't argue 337 00:16:18.080 --> 00:16:21.960 with that shop in store or online. 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Okay your questions, Greg 360 00:17:30.920 --> 00:17:33.680 wants to know how has climate change affected fish species 361 00:17:33.680 --> 00:17:38.200 and fIF fish populations across the world, and how are 362 00:17:38.240 --> 00:17:41.200 plastic and other pollution affecting fish biology and health. 363 00:17:42.039 --> 00:17:45.720 Number One, fishes are moving like we will see things 364 00:17:45.799 --> 00:17:47.640 off the coast California we never used to see because 365 00:17:47.640 --> 00:17:49.799 they came from warmer waters to the south. So with 366 00:17:49.880 --> 00:17:52.759 fishes that can move, our moving in response to climate change. 367 00:17:52.920 --> 00:17:56.119 What is plastic? Very very bad? The number one thing 368 00:17:56.119 --> 00:17:57.599 that I would say to people when they say to me, 369 00:17:57.640 --> 00:17:59.160 what can I do sort of for the planet and 370 00:17:59.200 --> 00:18:02.200 for the oceans is watch it with your plastic. Keep 371 00:18:02.319 --> 00:18:05.079 your plastic. Like, if you are using plastic, fine, but 372 00:18:05.160 --> 00:18:07.799 recycle it, don't you know, don't let it get into 373 00:18:07.799 --> 00:18:10.160 the ocean. Be careful what you let into the waterways. 374 00:18:10.480 --> 00:18:12.640 I went to Hawaii. 375 00:18:13.200 --> 00:18:14.880 I got to go for a job and I got 376 00:18:14.880 --> 00:18:17.640 to see I know, I was mostly in hotels and 377 00:18:17.680 --> 00:18:19.960 in donut shops. It was a it's a weird job, 378 00:18:20.000 --> 00:18:24.960 but I but I walked by the marina and. 379 00:18:24.880 --> 00:18:27.440 It looked like a beautiful. 380 00:18:26.759 --> 00:18:30.759 Aquarium and like a Durido's bag just floated by, and 381 00:18:30.799 --> 00:18:33.319 I was like, this is a picture of dystopia. 382 00:18:33.359 --> 00:18:37.000 What have we done? Plastic is very bad and it 383 00:18:37.039 --> 00:18:40.839 bugs me, bugs me like emotionally like, it upsets me. 384 00:18:41.200 --> 00:18:43.880 So yes, please, please, people be careful with your plastic. 385 00:18:43.960 --> 00:18:46.000 Just recycle it. It's not even that hard. Just recycle it. 386 00:18:46.079 --> 00:18:47.480 Just recycle it. That's all I ask. 387 00:18:48.000 --> 00:18:52.200 We have full length episodes on oceanology and discard anthropology, 388 00:18:52.240 --> 00:18:56.319 which is all about garbage environmental toxicology. Those are linked 389 00:18:56.319 --> 00:18:59.000 in the show notes. But here is some ocean advice 390 00:18:59.039 --> 00:19:02.319 for you. Now carry a reusable bottle. We use a 391 00:19:02.400 --> 00:19:04.960 bunch of bottles all the time. You can say no 392 00:19:05.079 --> 00:19:09.240 to plastic straws, say no to disposable cutlery. You can 393 00:19:09.279 --> 00:19:12.039 avoid things with microbeads and carry a shopping bag. 394 00:19:12.119 --> 00:19:13.039 Look at that boom. 395 00:19:13.160 --> 00:19:15.839 You're already a better person, better than you were fifteen 396 00:19:15.880 --> 00:19:16.400 seconds ago. 397 00:19:16.440 --> 00:19:19.240 We did it. We save the planet. Yay, okay. 398 00:19:19.279 --> 00:19:21.359 Brian Edge wants to know have the populations of any 399 00:19:21.400 --> 00:19:24.440 species changed for the better since orgs like Monterey Bay 400 00:19:24.480 --> 00:19:26.200 Aquarium Sefood Watch have come around? 401 00:19:26.279 --> 00:19:30.519