WEBVTT 1 00:00:02.160 --> 00:00:03.040 Okay, we are love. 2 00:00:03.120 --> 00:00:03.200 Hi. 3 00:00:03.319 --> 00:00:06.679 This is William Ramsey. Welcome to William Ramsey Investigates on 4 00:00:06.719 --> 00:00:09.080 today's show. I have a very special guest or attorney guest. 5 00:00:09.519 --> 00:00:12.480 We just talked in April twenty twenty five about his 6 00:00:12.519 --> 00:00:14.560 excellent book. People check it out. The full title of 7 00:00:14.599 --> 00:00:17.879 the book is The Wise of Heart, A modern day 8 00:00:17.920 --> 00:00:21.960 reimagining of the Scopes Monkey Trial. Has really good reviews 9 00:00:21.960 --> 00:00:24.960 on Amazon right now four point nine twenty five star 10 00:00:25.039 --> 00:00:29.399 reviews and well deserved. Timely check it out. I will 11 00:00:29.440 --> 00:00:31.640 put a link to the show we did, but we 12 00:00:31.640 --> 00:00:35.719 were talking offline after we finished the last show. And 13 00:00:35.840 --> 00:00:38.039 he has other interests. Thinks I'm not. I can't say 14 00:00:38.079 --> 00:00:41.240 I'm a science person or physics, but I've done some 15 00:00:41.359 --> 00:00:45.719 interest People have talked about Einstein, some questionable ideas about 16 00:00:46.399 --> 00:00:49.359 how valid he is. But anyway, we're going to talk 17 00:00:49.399 --> 00:00:53.399 about this. And his name is Hans G. Shan's last 18 00:00:53.479 --> 00:00:58.039 name was spelled Atcha and Tz And if you're watching 19 00:00:58.079 --> 00:01:01.920 this on Rock Finn, Rumble or Act, you'll see that 20 00:01:02.039 --> 00:01:06.200 he works for and with the Society for Post Quantum 21 00:01:06.280 --> 00:01:11.200 Research in His website is the SPQR dot com and 22 00:01:11.280 --> 00:01:14.920 also ATHERSR dot substack dot com. So I put those 23 00:01:14.920 --> 00:01:17.239 links in the show notes. But he has a bunch 24 00:01:17.280 --> 00:01:21.319 of slides, and like I said, I'm not really I 25 00:01:21.400 --> 00:01:23.480 think this is optimal in a way because I don't 26 00:01:23.519 --> 00:01:25.760 know that much about kind of modern physics. But he 27 00:01:25.760 --> 00:01:28.640 can talk more about that. So Hans Schanz, welcome back 28 00:01:28.640 --> 00:01:29.040 to the show. 29 00:01:29.599 --> 00:01:31.400 Well, thank you so much for having me on again. 30 00:01:31.640 --> 00:01:34.000 Excellent. So for people who didn't hear our earlier show, 31 00:01:34.400 --> 00:01:36.439 maybe you can talk about your recent work. I know 32 00:01:36.439 --> 00:01:39.159 you're posting a lot on substack, and maybe just talk 33 00:01:39.200 --> 00:01:44.200 about your background and interest in this particular subject relativity, 34 00:01:44.319 --> 00:01:46.079 Einstein and modern physics. 35 00:01:46.840 --> 00:01:52.560 Sure, I started off in school studying industrial engineering because 36 00:01:53.000 --> 00:01:56.599 I had read Atlas Shrugged and really liked the idea 37 00:01:56.840 --> 00:02:00.719 of being a creator and an entrepreneur. And I got 38 00:02:00.760 --> 00:02:03.760 most of the way through my industrial engineering training and 39 00:02:04.200 --> 00:02:08.599 great training, good general engineering background and how to run 40 00:02:08.639 --> 00:02:12.360 a business, production control, project management, things like that. But 41 00:02:12.400 --> 00:02:14.400 as I got near the end of that, I realized 42 00:02:14.439 --> 00:02:16.520 no one was going to hand me a copper mine 43 00:02:16.599 --> 00:02:19.360 or a steel mill or a trans continental railroad, and 44 00:02:19.400 --> 00:02:21.479 if I wanted to run a business, I was going 45 00:02:21.560 --> 00:02:23.879 to have to invent something or come up with some 46 00:02:24.080 --> 00:02:27.159 concept that I could wrap a business around. That got 47 00:02:27.159 --> 00:02:31.439 me into physics. I finished a second undergrad bachelor's degree 48 00:02:31.439 --> 00:02:33.520 in physics and liked it so much I went all 49 00:02:33.520 --> 00:02:39.639 the way through grad school getting a PhD in theoretical electromagnetism. Well, 50 00:02:39.919 --> 00:02:44.240 then I had the unwelcome discovery that what physicists regard 51 00:02:44.479 --> 00:02:48.599 as electromagnetism is a bit different than the practical, everyday 52 00:02:48.639 --> 00:02:54.400 electromagnetism that electrical engineers put to practical use. So I 53 00:02:54.439 --> 00:02:58.400 had to do a bit more of training and get 54 00:02:58.400 --> 00:03:01.319 myself up to speed before I land ended a job 55 00:03:01.400 --> 00:03:05.479 doing ultra wide band antenna design. It was a great job. 56 00:03:05.639 --> 00:03:08.159 I learned a lot. I was able to synthesize a 57 00:03:08.199 --> 00:03:12.360 lot of my theoretical physics ideas with some practical applications, 58 00:03:12.360 --> 00:03:15.840 and learn not just about how antennas work, but how 59 00:03:15.879 --> 00:03:19.919 electromagnetism works, and develop some ideas for how that all 60 00:03:20.039 --> 00:03:24.360 plays out. I left the ultra wideband business to do 61 00:03:24.520 --> 00:03:28.919 a startup at last. With some friends, I co founded 62 00:03:29.000 --> 00:03:32.960 q Track Corporation. I invented a way to do indoor 63 00:03:33.039 --> 00:03:37.960 location using low frequency near field signals. The conventional way 64 00:03:38.520 --> 00:03:41.439 uses high frequency signals. They tend to bounce around. It 65 00:03:41.439 --> 00:03:43.960 makes it really hard to tell where whatever it is 66 00:03:44.000 --> 00:03:48.759 you're tracking is. We used signals down in the AM 67 00:03:48.800 --> 00:03:53.680 broadcast band, very long wavelength, very low frequency, and built 68 00:03:53.680 --> 00:03:56.039 a product that was able to track people to an 69 00:03:56.039 --> 00:03:59.800 accuracy of about fifty centimeters a couple feet or so. 70 00:04:00.599 --> 00:04:04.560 It was used in about a third of US nuclear plants, 71 00:04:04.759 --> 00:04:09.159 a bunch of industrial customers. It gave me an opportunity 72 00:04:09.280 --> 00:04:12.719 to master another realm of electromagnetism, the whole area of 73 00:04:12.840 --> 00:04:17.920 near field electromagnetism and how these short range, long wavelength, 74 00:04:18.000 --> 00:04:22.120 low frequency links work. Well. That was kind of a 75 00:04:22.160 --> 00:04:26.839 hand in hand and mouth existence. Never terribly successful. We 76 00:04:26.920 --> 00:04:29.279 ultimately had to sell out, and I've been working in 77 00:04:29.319 --> 00:04:35.040 the defense industry since then. But it gave me an 78 00:04:35.040 --> 00:04:38.879 opportunity to write a book about ultra wide band antennas, 79 00:04:38.920 --> 00:04:41.279 The Art and Science of Ultra wide Band Antennas. If 80 00:04:41.279 --> 00:04:44.319 you're interested in time tomain electromagnetism, you might want to 81 00:04:44.519 --> 00:04:50.079 look that title up. And it helped me appreciate that 82 00:04:50.319 --> 00:04:55.879 physicists really don't understand very well how electromagnetism really works. 83 00:04:56.120 --> 00:05:00.279 And I can go into the details later but that 84 00:05:00.920 --> 00:05:04.759 led me on a quest to try to understand where 85 00:05:04.800 --> 00:05:08.240 physics went wrong, how we got the premises that we 86 00:05:08.399 --> 00:05:13.600 have on how things work, why things like pilot wave 87 00:05:13.959 --> 00:05:20.920 quantum mechanics have been largely ignored in favor of less 88 00:05:21.360 --> 00:05:26.000 reasonable interpretations not only of relativity but of quantum mechanics. 89 00:05:26.399 --> 00:05:30.759 And that led me to a historical study to try 90 00:05:30.800 --> 00:05:33.879 to track that down. And the central figure involved in 91 00:05:33.920 --> 00:05:38.360 that process is Einstein. And I think I've come up 92 00:05:38.439 --> 00:05:45.040 with exactly what went wrong and how Einstein led physics 93 00:05:45.120 --> 00:05:48.279 the wrong way and tried to save it at the end, 94 00:05:48.360 --> 00:05:52.120 but his dream has not yet been realized. So that 95 00:05:52.279 --> 00:05:55.079 is what I will be discussing the presentation today. 96 00:05:55.399 --> 00:05:59.399 Great and I've heard that from other people that the 97 00:05:59.399 --> 00:06:04.879 theory of relativity isn't there's holes in it. I mean, 98 00:06:04.920 --> 00:06:07.800 I've heard this before. Would you agree with that? Is 99 00:06:08.120 --> 00:06:10.879 that kind of your position that there's things that Einstein 100 00:06:10.920 --> 00:06:13.120 left out or didn't address in physics. 101 00:06:13.560 --> 00:06:15.879 The fundamental issue, and I'll be getting into it in 102 00:06:16.199 --> 00:06:21.639 the presentation is it's really a backwards way of looking 103 00:06:21.720 --> 00:06:25.519 at things. What he did was take a look at 104 00:06:27.199 --> 00:06:31.600 the emerging discoveries and electromagnetism trying to understand things like 105 00:06:31.639 --> 00:06:35.560 the Michaelson Morley experiment that seemed to indicate there wasn't 106 00:06:35.600 --> 00:06:41.040 any ether drift, and he decided to do a top 107 00:06:41.120 --> 00:06:46.480 down approach of deducing the physics the Lorentz transforms, which 108 00:06:46.480 --> 00:06:50.040 had already been discovered, deducing them from two simple principles. 109 00:06:50.079 --> 00:06:53.839 It was a remarkably creative and clever thing to do. 110 00:06:54.480 --> 00:06:58.399 But in inverting the hierarchy and making it a top 111 00:06:58.439 --> 00:07:02.279 down theory like that, he believed that no mechanism was 112 00:07:03.079 --> 00:07:05.600 necessary and that it was a complete waste of time 113 00:07:05.639 --> 00:07:08.319 to talk about that, that we should focus only on 114 00:07:08.639 --> 00:07:12.800 the observables. And that's been an idea that has plagued 115 00:07:12.839 --> 00:07:13.839 physics ever since. 116 00:07:14.439 --> 00:07:18.319 Gotcha, And that's the whole kind of concept of the ether, right, 117 00:07:18.439 --> 00:07:23.759 is that there's there's some kind of other unseen force 118 00:07:24.800 --> 00:07:27.879 affecting physics. Is that? Is that too simplistic? 119 00:07:29.839 --> 00:07:33.839 The idea of the ether came up as the wave 120 00:07:33.920 --> 00:07:38.519 theory of light was developed initially by principally by Frenelle 121 00:07:38.800 --> 00:07:43.040 in France, and then as James Clerk Maxwell discovered the 122 00:07:43.120 --> 00:07:46.759 laws of electromagnetism, he was able to merge optics and 123 00:07:46.759 --> 00:07:53.519 electromagnetism and demonstrate that light was an electromagnetic phenomenon. And 124 00:07:53.720 --> 00:07:56.319 if you have a wave, the natural question to ask 125 00:07:56.600 --> 00:08:00.519 is in what medium is it waving? And you know, 126 00:08:00.560 --> 00:08:04.879 the answer to that was this mysterious medium called the 127 00:08:04.959 --> 00:08:09.920 ether that somehow was able to support all of these 128 00:08:10.240 --> 00:08:15.600 waves that you know, insanely high frequencies and insanely fast velocities, 129 00:08:15.639 --> 00:08:19.759 and yet was so immaterial that you planets would go 130 00:08:19.800 --> 00:08:22.199 through it without being slowed down in the least, and 131 00:08:22.240 --> 00:08:25.439 that it was very hard to detect. And that's the 132 00:08:26.439 --> 00:08:31.319 paradox that people were wrestling with when Einstein came around 133 00:08:31.360 --> 00:08:35.360 and said, you know, let's not worry about how electromagnetism works. 134 00:08:35.440 --> 00:08:40.320 Let's just deduce how electromagnetism works for moving bodies from 135 00:08:40.360 --> 00:08:41.639 these two simple principles. 136 00:08:42.240 --> 00:08:44.840 Gotcha. So those are kind of the themes that kind 137 00:08:44.879 --> 00:08:49.840 of logical themes that are going to be in this presentation. 138 00:08:50.000 --> 00:08:53.320 Is the difference between induction and deduction. Is that right? 139 00:08:54.320 --> 00:08:58.279 That's one of the fundamental themes of my book, and 140 00:08:58.519 --> 00:09:01.279 it really goes all the way back to Plato and 141 00:09:01.320 --> 00:09:05.279 Aristotle and their approaches. I'll talk about that more when 142 00:09:05.320 --> 00:09:05.840 we get into it. 143 00:09:05.919 --> 00:09:09.399 Okay, just I'm trying to like define terms before you 144 00:09:09.480 --> 00:09:13.519 get into your presentation. Sometimes that makes it clear what 145 00:09:13.519 --> 00:09:16.120 we're talking about. Like, I'm not that familiar with this 146 00:09:16.120 --> 00:09:21.919 stuff either, so but yeah, So this is the way 147 00:09:22.000 --> 00:09:26.200 that Einstein looked at the theory of relativity, right, as 148 00:09:26.279 --> 00:09:31.039 these different He just made these assumptions from the top 149 00:09:31.080 --> 00:09:35.200 down about he induced it, right, not deduced it. 150 00:09:35.639 --> 00:09:40.159 Well, he de do saste into the fundamental principles, gotcha? So? 151 00:09:40.200 --> 00:09:42.960 I mean deduction is the idea where you start with 152 00:09:43.080 --> 00:09:47.559 some fundamental truths, some axioms, some basic principles and work 153 00:09:47.639 --> 00:09:53.600 out logically what their consequences are. Induction is when you 154 00:09:53.679 --> 00:09:56.200 take a look at a bunch of specific instances or 155 00:09:56.240 --> 00:10:00.480 examples and try to infer from them what general law 156 00:10:00.679 --> 00:10:03.320 or principle connects or govern stuff. 157 00:10:03.600 --> 00:10:11.440 Gotcha. Okay, okay, So induction, deduction and Einstein and Einstein's 158 00:10:11.480 --> 00:10:15.480 ideas did not come about in a vacuum, right like 159 00:10:15.559 --> 00:10:19.159 there were other people doing similar physics around that time. 160 00:10:19.240 --> 00:10:20.039 Is that correct? 161 00:10:20.639 --> 00:10:26.600 That's a very interesting question. Maybe I should get into that. 162 00:10:27.519 --> 00:10:28.879 You can do the slot. Yeah, if would like to 163 00:10:28.879 --> 00:10:30.120 start with the slides, that's fine too. 164 00:10:30.320 --> 00:10:32.200 Yeah, let me go ahead, We're covering a bunch of 165 00:10:32.200 --> 00:10:34.399 topics that I'm going to be kidding. Okay, sorry, anyway, 166 00:10:34.919 --> 00:10:37.840 if you have any questions or if anything's unclear, it'll 167 00:10:37.879 --> 00:10:40.600 probably you know, those may be questions the audience is 168 00:10:40.639 --> 00:10:42.360 having to so please feel free to stop me. 169 00:10:42.440 --> 00:10:44.639 And yeah, we already have one question, so we can 170 00:10:44.720 --> 00:10:46.200 we can address that whenever you're ready. 171 00:10:46.840 --> 00:10:48.960 But let's get into why we go ahead and take 172 00:10:49.000 --> 00:10:49.840 you to see it. 173 00:10:49.919 --> 00:10:54.320 Sure as Johnny, he writes, can the speaker opine on 174 00:10:54.399 --> 00:11:00.759 whether Alexanderson alternator transmitters antennae maybe and under exam phenomena 175 00:11:01.480 --> 00:11:05.720 we quantum spooky at a distance of longitudinal scaler waves. 176 00:11:06.480 --> 00:11:10.799 Oh, those are all some very interesting questions. The Alexanderson 177 00:11:10.919 --> 00:11:16.840 alternator was one of the first high frequency radio transmitters. 178 00:11:16.840 --> 00:11:20.799 It was basically a mechanical oscillator that would whip around 179 00:11:20.799 --> 00:11:24.679 fast enough to generate radio waves. Now relatively low frequency 180 00:11:24.759 --> 00:11:28.240 radio waves of tends to maybe one hundred killer hurtz 181 00:11:28.320 --> 00:11:32.600 or a little more than that, And because the wavelengths 182 00:11:32.679 --> 00:11:36.840 were so long, the a lot of the RF involved, 183 00:11:36.879 --> 00:11:40.200 particularly in and near the antenna, would involve near field 184 00:11:40.279 --> 00:11:44.279 phenomenon that are not at least at the time, we're 185 00:11:44.320 --> 00:11:48.679 not very well understood. Now I know there is. I'm 186 00:11:48.679 --> 00:11:52.879 trying to remember the gentleman's name. I think maybe Eric Dollard, 187 00:11:53.039 --> 00:11:57.159 who has done some investigation, has some interesting results and 188 00:11:57.200 --> 00:12:01.799 claims there that I haven't really dug into. I do 189 00:12:01.879 --> 00:12:05.559 think the process of radiation is an under examined phenomenon, 190 00:12:05.559 --> 00:12:08.879 and I should probably come back maybe in a few 191 00:12:08.879 --> 00:12:11.720 months when I have a presentation ready to talk about 192 00:12:12.039 --> 00:12:14.919 my understanding of electromagnetism and how it works, or we 193 00:12:14.919 --> 00:12:18.039 can get into this a little more deeply. But yes, 194 00:12:18.120 --> 00:12:22.960 these are definitely under examined phenomenon. We'll see a little 195 00:12:23.000 --> 00:12:26.480 bit about Einstein and the spooky action in a distance 196 00:12:26.519 --> 00:12:31.879 in the talk, and longitudinal in scaler waves an interesting topic. 197 00:12:32.120 --> 00:12:34.080 I'm looking on trying to do a paper on that 198 00:12:34.679 --> 00:12:38.840 in the next few months. I think a lot of 199 00:12:38.919 --> 00:12:45.120 it is overhyped. There are longitudinal waves in electromagnetism, but 200 00:12:45.279 --> 00:12:49.799 those waves will aren't really important by the time you 201 00:12:49.840 --> 00:12:53.639 get more than a wavelength or two from a small transmitter. 202 00:12:53.879 --> 00:12:58.159 Now there's this scalar wave theory that supposes there are 203 00:12:58.600 --> 00:13:02.840 undiscovered terms are ignored terms, and the laws of electromagnetism 204 00:13:02.879 --> 00:13:08.519 that allow your supposed scalar waves to generate from zero 205 00:13:08.639 --> 00:13:11.919 point energy create effects at a distance. But I have 206 00:13:12.120 --> 00:13:15.639 yet to see a coherent account of how they're made 207 00:13:15.679 --> 00:13:18.200 and how they're detected and what their link law is. 208 00:13:18.799 --> 00:13:23.000 That has convinced me there's much behind that notion. But 209 00:13:23.039 --> 00:13:26.440 I'll be looking into that, hopefully soon. It's on my 210 00:13:26.519 --> 00:13:32.720 to do list to look into that further. Excellent, Okay, 211 00:13:33.320 --> 00:13:36.879 let's do it. Let's let's go into the Stein's great Well. 212 00:13:36.919 --> 00:13:38.840 What I'll do is I'll begin with kind of the 213 00:13:38.960 --> 00:13:42.960 conventional perspective that you'd probably get in the physics class 214 00:13:43.080 --> 00:13:48.279 about relativity and about Einstein. Then I'll talk about some 215 00:13:48.600 --> 00:13:54.759 of the less appreciated aspects of Einstein's career and the 216 00:13:54.960 --> 00:14:00.399 relativity of history and development. I'll talk about his person life. 217 00:14:00.399 --> 00:14:05.120 I'll talk about how the Eclipse of nineteen nineteen was 218 00:14:05.600 --> 00:14:10.080 a major event in promoting Einstein and bringing his theory 219 00:14:10.120 --> 00:14:14.639 to prominence. About the esthetics of relativity and the critics 220 00:14:14.679 --> 00:14:19.960 of relativity. It's fascinating looking at how the publicity behind 221 00:14:20.000 --> 00:14:22.639 Einstein and relativity rolled out. And I'll take a closer 222 00:14:22.679 --> 00:14:26.600 look at Einstein's trip to America in nineteen twenty one. 223 00:14:27.240 --> 00:14:31.600 I'll talk about some of the very contentious arguments between 224 00:14:31.639 --> 00:14:35.240 advocates of what was called Deutsche physic German physics versus 225 00:14:35.320 --> 00:14:38.399 Jewish physics. And finally, i'll talk about some of the 226 00:14:38.480 --> 00:14:44.519 lessons here for the foundational narratives that govern physics. And 227 00:14:44.559 --> 00:14:46.720 I'm really happy to be able to present this to 228 00:14:46.799 --> 00:14:49.960 you and to your audience, because there are a number 229 00:14:50.080 --> 00:14:57.200 of really intriguing suggestions about how Einstein and the campaign 230 00:14:57.320 --> 00:15:02.200 to promote him may have had taught to more occult 231 00:15:02.320 --> 00:15:06.200 or esoteric groups. And I want to lay out some 232 00:15:06.240 --> 00:15:10.080 of the clues I haven't been able to track down 233 00:15:10.120 --> 00:15:12.559 and hope that maybe someone in the audience will have 234 00:15:12.600 --> 00:15:15.559 some insights and we'll get back to me and clear 235 00:15:15.639 --> 00:15:20.440 this up. So let me begin by talking about relativity. 236 00:15:21.039 --> 00:15:25.960 In eighteen eighty seven, to researchers Michaelson Morley set up 237 00:15:26.000 --> 00:15:30.159 an interferometer to basically bounce light back and forth on 238 00:15:30.240 --> 00:15:33.000 a path on paths at right angles to each other, 239 00:15:33.039 --> 00:15:37.039 and they assumed that they would see light moving slowing 240 00:15:37.120 --> 00:15:42.000 down depending on which way the interferometer was changed or 241 00:15:42.200 --> 00:15:46.039 was oriented, and what they discovered was a null result 242 00:15:46.159 --> 00:15:49.679 that the change in the speed of light on the 243 00:15:49.679 --> 00:15:52.879 two different directions was much less than they were expecting. Now. 244 00:15:52.919 --> 00:15:54.960 It wasn't a zero result, but it was a lot 245 00:15:55.159 --> 00:15:59.399 smaller now. Heaviside a couple of years later predicted that 246 00:15:59.480 --> 00:16:04.240 a moving electrified sphere would contract along its axis of motion, 247 00:16:05.039 --> 00:16:09.720 inferring that from the laws of electromagnetism. A researcher named 248 00:16:10.000 --> 00:16:14.919 Fitzgerald came up with the idea that the interferometer itself 249 00:16:15.000 --> 00:16:20.399 might be contracting as it moves through the ether. Larmore, 250 00:16:20.559 --> 00:16:22.919 British physicist, did a lot of work on radiation and 251 00:16:22.960 --> 00:16:26.519 other subjects. He predicted the concept of time dilation and 252 00:16:26.639 --> 00:16:32.480 started developing transforms to discuss how electromagnetism changes with moving bodies. 253 00:16:33.240 --> 00:16:38.879 Lorentz described them in coordinate transformations, and in nineteen oh 254 00:16:38.960 --> 00:16:43.600 four a French scientist, Henri puan Care developed the term 255 00:16:44.039 --> 00:16:46.519 the principle of relativity, and he predicted that we would 256 00:16:46.559 --> 00:16:50.360 have to have a new mechanics where light is where 257 00:16:50.600 --> 00:16:54.320 velocity is strictly limited to the speed of light. So 258 00:16:54.440 --> 00:17:00.600 that is the context in which an obscure no one 259 00:17:00.679 --> 00:17:03.840 had ever heard of impatent clerk in Burned, Switzerland named 260 00:17:03.879 --> 00:17:08.799 Albert Einstein wrote a paper in nineteen oh five suggesting 261 00:17:09.039 --> 00:17:12.599 that we could explain all of these phenomenon the Lorentz 262 00:17:12.640 --> 00:17:16.680 transformations from just two principles, first that the laws of 263 00:17:16.720 --> 00:17:21.920 physics are identical to all observers in non accelerating inertial frames, 264 00:17:22.440 --> 00:17:25.200 and second that the speed of light is the same 265 00:17:25.240 --> 00:17:28.519 for all observers, independent of the relative motion of the 266 00:17:28.599 --> 00:17:32.640 various light sources. And from those principles he showed that 267 00:17:32.680 --> 00:17:37.200 you could derive the Lorentz transforms and the relativistic mechanics 268 00:17:37.200 --> 00:17:42.200 that Puan Care had begun exploring. Well, this gets us 269 00:17:42.240 --> 00:17:44.880 to the discussion we were having before we got started 270 00:17:44.920 --> 00:17:48.559 on induction versus deduction, and I like to think of 271 00:17:48.599 --> 00:17:53.599 it in terms of a Platonic versus an Aristotelian approach 272 00:17:53.799 --> 00:17:58.440 to science. And that's a little controversial because people will 273 00:17:58.640 --> 00:18:03.119 use Plato and Ara Stytle as archetypes with different shades 274 00:18:03.119 --> 00:18:04.680 of meanings. So I want to be clear what I 275 00:18:04.839 --> 00:18:08.079 mean when I talk about Aristotelian physics. A lot of 276 00:18:08.119 --> 00:18:11.720 people will look at it in terms of the medieval 277 00:18:11.799 --> 00:18:17.160 schoolmen with their logical syllogisms, and that's not the sense 278 00:18:17.160 --> 00:18:20.720 in which I'm talking about something that's Aristotelian. By Aristotelian, 279 00:18:20.839 --> 00:18:24.920 I mean using induction in order to come up with 280 00:18:25.079 --> 00:18:31.440 basic principles, whereas a Platonic approach, you're using fundamental axioms 281 00:18:31.640 --> 00:18:35.559 or principles in order to work out predictions that you 282 00:18:35.559 --> 00:18:40.200 can then say, validate in an experiment. A good way 283 00:18:40.240 --> 00:18:42.960 to look at that is to see how Aristotle and 284 00:18:43.000 --> 00:18:46.720 Plato used their approaches in practice. Like if you take 285 00:18:46.759 --> 00:18:52.440 a look at their analysis of politics, Plato started from 286 00:18:52.720 --> 00:18:57.799 ideals of human justice and behavior and human character and 287 00:18:58.160 --> 00:19:05.279 deduced how the philosoph of her king should rule the society. Aristotle, 288 00:19:05.319 --> 00:19:08.039 on the other hand, gathered the constitutions of over one 289 00:19:08.119 --> 00:19:11.359 hundred different governments and broke down and start analyzing what 290 00:19:11.440 --> 00:19:13.880 worked and what didn't. And that's a good example of 291 00:19:14.440 --> 00:19:19.559 Plato's deductive approach versus Aristotle's inductive approach. But it really 292 00:19:19.640 --> 00:19:22.480 is a cycle, and you need a balance of induction, 293 00:19:22.880 --> 00:19:26.039 looking at new phenomenon, coming up with new principles, and 294 00:19:26.960 --> 00:19:33.880 to complement that that taking those principles, working out consequences 295 00:19:33.920 --> 00:19:37.200 of them, and then testing them. And I would argue 296 00:19:37.200 --> 00:19:40.839 that today physics has gone way on the Platonic side 297 00:19:40.880 --> 00:19:44.000 where we've taken a lot of these principles, including the 298 00:19:44.000 --> 00:19:49.079 principles that Einstein identified, and are taking them as axiomatic 299 00:19:49.200 --> 00:19:54.440 and not doing the inductive investigation necessary to try to 300 00:19:54.480 --> 00:19:58.519 develop new principles or possibly question the principles that we have. 301 00:19:58.799 --> 00:20:01.920 That's a theme of my work on my fields and 302 00:20:02.000 --> 00:20:03.119 energy substack. 303 00:20:03.680 --> 00:20:04.119 Gotcha. 304 00:20:05.279 --> 00:20:11.000 Now. About a decade later, Einstein extended his special theory 305 00:20:11.160 --> 00:20:14.720 of relativity to come up with a general theory of relativity. 306 00:20:14.799 --> 00:20:21.759 That's the idea that mass and energy cause spaced curve 307 00:20:22.200 --> 00:20:25.720 and that gravity is just a reflection of bodies moving 308 00:20:25.759 --> 00:20:30.039 on this new curve. Space time geometry. I won't bother 309 00:20:30.119 --> 00:20:33.200 going into the Tensor math because it gets kind of complicated, 310 00:20:33.839 --> 00:20:38.200 but I think the best shorthand explanation of it was 311 00:20:38.359 --> 00:20:43.000 coined by John Wheeler, who said space time tells matter 312 00:20:43.079 --> 00:20:46.559 how to move, and matter tells space time how to curb, 313 00:20:47.000 --> 00:20:52.480 and that basically explains the fundamental concept behind general relativity. 314 00:20:52.640 --> 00:20:56.920 There are a bunch of interesting details about that gamma 315 00:20:57.039 --> 00:21:00.799 or the lamba you see, the cosmological constant and universe 316 00:21:00.839 --> 00:21:04.559 and cosmology that I'm going to have to skip for now. 317 00:21:05.559 --> 00:21:08.519 But when Einstein came up with that theory, the question 318 00:21:08.559 --> 00:21:11.160 arose how to test it. He was able to show 319 00:21:11.799 --> 00:21:17.519 that his theory would match the observed Perihelian advance that 320 00:21:17.559 --> 00:21:24.119 had been observed in the planet Mercury, and it predicted 321 00:21:24.119 --> 00:21:28.119 that the Sun would bend light. So people were going 322 00:21:28.160 --> 00:21:32.839 out to eclipses and trying to take pictures of the 323 00:21:32.880 --> 00:21:37.440 Sun during an eclipse and see if the starfield behind 324 00:21:37.480 --> 00:21:40.039 the Sun was distorted. It's a very tricky thing to 325 00:21:40.079 --> 00:21:43.160 do because you don't have a lot of time to 326 00:21:43.200 --> 00:21:44.720 take the picture, and you got to get it right 327 00:21:44.759 --> 00:21:47.359 the first time, and you're packing up all your equipment 328 00:21:47.400 --> 00:21:51.960 and going to the jungles of Brazil, or one group 329 00:21:52.039 --> 00:21:56.039 went to a German expedition went to Crimea in nineteen fourteen, 330 00:21:56.359 --> 00:21:58.680 and World War One broke out before they were able 331 00:21:58.720 --> 00:22:02.319 to take their data. All kinds of hazards that experimenters 332 00:22:02.400 --> 00:22:06.039 ran into trying to test this and take some measurements 333 00:22:06.319 --> 00:22:14.920 and see if they could validate it. So ultimately, in 334 00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:18.240 nineteen nineteen it was confirmed. So if you look at 335 00:22:18.440 --> 00:22:21.839 Einstein's career, he started off as a patent clerk in 336 00:22:21.920 --> 00:22:25.680 nineteen oh five with four great papers, the Special Relativity paper. 337 00:22:25.960 --> 00:22:29.279 He did a paper on the photoelectric effect, on the 338 00:22:29.519 --> 00:22:33.200 energy mass equivalents equals mc squared and on the atomic 339 00:22:33.279 --> 00:22:37.599 theory in nineteen fifteen. He came up with general relativity 340 00:22:37.599 --> 00:22:42.920 in nineteen nineteen that was confirmed by Dyson and by Eddington. 341 00:22:43.200 --> 00:22:47.880 Looks like some of my newspaper clippings got over the text. 342 00:22:47.960 --> 00:22:51.160 But in nineteen twenty one he had a triumphant US 343 00:22:51.200 --> 00:22:54.000 tour and ended up winning the Nobel Prize. In nineteen 344 00:22:54.039 --> 00:22:59.039 twenty two, he came up with Einstein Bow's statistics to 345 00:22:59.200 --> 00:23:05.680 govern the statistics of bodies under quantum mechanics. In nineteen 346 00:23:05.720 --> 00:23:08.160 twenty seven was really one of the pivotal moments in 347 00:23:08.160 --> 00:23:12.640 physics history at the fifth Solve conference, where Einstein maintained 348 00:23:12.640 --> 00:23:16.079 that God does not play dice with the universe, and 349 00:23:16.160 --> 00:23:20.200 Boor's answer allegedly was that Einstein should stop telling God 350 00:23:20.240 --> 00:23:25.359 what to do. Boror ultimately triumphed in the physics community 351 00:23:25.400 --> 00:23:29.559 with his Copenhagen interpretation in nineteen thirty three. When Hitler 352 00:23:29.599 --> 00:23:34.079 came to power, Einstein fled Germany. In nineteen thirty five, 353 00:23:34.200 --> 00:23:37.240 from Princeton, where Einstein had ended up, he wrote a 354 00:23:37.359 --> 00:23:39.920 fascinating paper that ended up being I think it's his 355 00:23:40.039 --> 00:23:42.599 most cited paper today and it's one of the ones 356 00:23:42.640 --> 00:23:46.759 that today still has some of the greatest interest. It's 357 00:23:46.799 --> 00:23:50.480 called the EPR paper after the initials of the authors Einstein, 358 00:23:50.480 --> 00:23:54.559 Podolski and Rosen, and Einstein argued that quantum mechanics was 359 00:23:54.640 --> 00:24:00.319 not complete. Basically, he argued that there was there were, 360 00:24:01.319 --> 00:24:03.640 it would have to be hidden variables to account for 361 00:24:03.720 --> 00:24:07.079 certain behavior, and quantum mechanics to avoid the concept of 362 00:24:07.119 --> 00:24:12.000 spooky action the distance. In nineteen thirty nine, he collaborated 363 00:24:12.079 --> 00:24:16.720 with a friend of his, Leos Zillard, to write a 364 00:24:16.839 --> 00:24:20.480 letter to President Roosevelt, suggesting that the US should start 365 00:24:20.519 --> 00:24:24.960 an atomic bomb research project, which did happen, of course, 366 00:24:25.039 --> 00:24:27.880 led to the Manhattan Project, and in nineteen fifty five 367 00:24:28.240 --> 00:24:33.720 he ended up dying in Princeton. So that is the 368 00:24:33.839 --> 00:24:39.079 conventional biography that you would get if you asked your 369 00:24:39.119 --> 00:24:44.960 physics teacher to explain Einstein's career. And what I want 370 00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:48.119 to do now is go a little further in depth 371 00:24:48.319 --> 00:24:55.440 into his personal career and some of the personal background. 372 00:24:55.880 --> 00:25:01.839 And Einstein credited an Austrian physicist named Ernst Mock with 373 00:25:02.759 --> 00:25:06.440 inspiring a lot of the ideas behind relativity. He said 374 00:25:06.880 --> 00:25:09.559 that it was mock who, in his History of Mechanics, 375 00:25:09.599 --> 00:25:13.240 shook his dogmatic faith in classical mechanics, and that the 376 00:25:13.279 --> 00:25:18.759 book exercised a profound influence upon him. Mack had a 377 00:25:19.119 --> 00:25:23.319 what came to be known as a positivist approach to science. 378 00:25:23.359 --> 00:25:26.720 He argued that the world isn't composed of things, but 379 00:25:26.880 --> 00:25:31.799 of sensations, that it's our observations that matter. He argued 380 00:25:32.000 --> 00:25:37.519 that atams aren't things, they are a mental model for 381 00:25:37.640 --> 00:25:42.440 classifying our observations, that we can't ascribe any reality to them. 382 00:25:43.160 --> 00:25:46.960 He argued that it really doesn't matter. It doesn't make 383 00:25:46.960 --> 00:25:49.519 any sense to talk about whether the Toolemaic versus the 384 00:25:49.559 --> 00:25:52.359 Copernican model of the solar system, that one is right 385 00:25:52.480 --> 00:25:57.319 versus the other. They're both just ways to organize the 386 00:25:57.440 --> 00:26:00.519 data of our observations we make of the planets, and 387 00:26:00.720 --> 00:26:03.200 that it doesn't make sense to talk about one being 388 00:26:03.240 --> 00:26:10.599 real versus the other. And that idea developed into logical positivism, 389 00:26:10.759 --> 00:26:13.599 and it was a great influence not only on Einstein, 390 00:26:13.640 --> 00:26:16.799 but on the physics community in general. The quote by 391 00:26:16.920 --> 00:26:20.720 James Jenes is really kind of telling, where he argues 392 00:26:20.759 --> 00:26:25.400 that physics has driven us to the positivist conception that 393 00:26:25.440 --> 00:26:29.119 we cannot understand what events are, but can only describe 394 00:26:29.160 --> 00:26:33.599 them in terms of mathematical terms organizing our observations, and 395 00:26:33.799 --> 00:26:36.240 that as we dig into it is really a reversal 396 00:26:36.240 --> 00:26:39.920 of cause and effect. It was more Mock and Einstein 397 00:26:40.039 --> 00:26:44.440 having adopted those principles which drove the interpretation of physics, 398 00:26:44.839 --> 00:26:49.799 and not the discoveries in physics which drove the adaptation 399 00:26:49.920 --> 00:26:52.039 of those principles. But what we'll see that as we 400 00:26:52.079 --> 00:26:57.200 get a little deeper into what's going on here. Now, 401 00:26:57.200 --> 00:27:00.519