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Speaker 1: General instructions. In this chapter, we shall call your attention

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to certain of the general principles already mentioned in the

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preceding chapters, for the purpose of further impressing them upon

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your mind, and in order that you may be able

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to think of and to consider them. Independent of the

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details of the special phases of memory. This chapter may

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be considered in the nature of a general review of

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certain fundamental principles mentioned in the body of the work.

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Point one, give to the things that you wish to

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memorize as great a degree of concentrated attention as possible.

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We have explained the reason for this advice in many

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places in the book. The degree of concentrated attention bestowed

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upon the object under consideration determines the strength, clearness, and

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depth of the impression received and stored away in the subconsciousness.

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Thecharacter of these stored away impressions determines the degree of

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ease in remembrance and recollection. Point two. In considering an

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object to be memorized, endeavor to obtain the impressions through

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as many faculties and senses as possible. The reason for

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this advice should be apparent to you if you have

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carefully read the preceding chapters. An impression received through both

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sound and sight is doubly as strong as one received

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through but one of these channels. You may remember a

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name or word either by having seen it in writing

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or print, or else by reason of having heard it.

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But if you have both seen and heard it, you

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have a double impression and possessed two possible ways of

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reviving the impression. You are able to remember an orange

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by reason of having seen it, smelt it, felt it,

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and tasted it, and having heard its nos pronounced. Endeavor

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to know a thing from as many sense impressions as possible,

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Use the eye to assist ear impressions, and the ear

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to assist in eye impressions. See the thing from as

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many angles as possible. Point three. Sense impressions may be

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strengthened by exercising the particular faculty through which the weak

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impressions are received. You will find that either your eye

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memory is better than your ear memory, or vice versa.

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The remedy lies in exercising the weaker faculty so as

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to bring it up to the standard of the stronger.

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The chapters of eye and ear training will help you

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along these lines. The same rule applies to the several

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phases of memory. Develop the weak ones, and the strong

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ones will take care of themselves. The only way to

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develop a sense or faculty is to intelligently train, exercise

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and use it. Use exercise and practice will work miracles

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in this direction. Point four. Make your first impression strong

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and firm enough to serve as a basis for subsequent ones.

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Get into the habit of fixing a clear, strong impression

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of a thing to be considered from the first. Otherwise

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you are trying to build up a large structure upon

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a poor foundation. Each time you revive an impression, you

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deepen it. But if you have only a dim impression

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to begin with, the deepened impressions will not include details

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omitted in the first one. It is like taking a

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good sharp negative of a picture that you intend to

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enlarge afterward. The details lacking in the small picture will

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not appear in the enlargement, but those that do appear

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in the small way one will be enlarged with the picture.

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Zero point five. Revive your impressions frequently and thus deepen them.

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You will know more of a picture by seeing it

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a few minutes every day for a week than you

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would by spending several hours before it at one time.

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So it is with the memory. By recalling an impression

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a number of times, you fix it indelibly in your

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mind in such a way that it may be readily

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found when needed. Such impressions are like favorite tools, which

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you need every little while. They are not apt to

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be mislaid, as are those which are but seldom used.

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Use your imagination in going over a thing that you

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wish to remember. If you are studying a thing, you

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will find that this going over in your imagination will

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help you materially in disclosing the things that you have

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not remembered about it. By thus recognizing your weak points

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of memory, you may be able to pick up the

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missing details when you study the object itself the next time.

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Zero point six. Use your memory and place confidence in it.

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One of the important things in the cultivation of the

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memory is the actual use of it. Begin to trust

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it a little, and then more, and then still more,

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and it will rise to the occasion the man who

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has to tie a string around his finger in order

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to remember certain things soon begins to cease to use

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his memory, and in the end forgets to remember the

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string or what it is for there are many details,

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of course, with which it is folly to charge the memory,

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but one should never allow his memory to fall into disuse.

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If you are in an occupation in which the work

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is done by mechanical health helps, then you should exercise

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the memory by learning verses or other things in order

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to keep it in active practice. Do not allow your

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memory to atrophy. Zero point seven. Establish as many associations

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for an impression as possible. If you have studied the

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preceding chapters, you will recognize the value of this point.

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Association is memory's method of indexing and cross indexing. Each

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association renders it easier to remember or recollect the thing.

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Each association gives you another string to your mental bow.

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Endeavor to associate a new bit of knowledge with something

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already known by and familiar to you. In this way

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to avoid the danger of having the thing isolated and

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alone in your mind without a label or index number

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and non name. Connect your object or thought to be

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remembered with other objects or thoughts by the association of

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contiguity in space and time, and by relationship of kind, resemblance,

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or oppositeness. Sometimes the latter is very useful, as in

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the case of the man who said that Smith reminds

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me so much of Brown, he's so different. You will

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often be able to remember a thing by remembering something

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else that happened at the same place or about the

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same time. These things give you the loose ends of recollection,

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whereby you may unwind the ball of memory. In the

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same way, one is often able to recollect names by

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slowly running over the alphabet with a pencil until the

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site of the capital first letter of the name brings

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the memory of those following it. This, however, only when

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the name has pre obviously been memorized by sight. In

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the same way, the first few notes of a musical

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selection will enable you to remember the whole air, or

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the first words of a sentence the entire speech or

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selection following it. In trying to remember a thing which

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has escaped you, you will find it helpful to think

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of something associated with that thing, even remotely. A little

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practice will enable you to recollect the thing along the

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lines of the faintest association or clue. Some men are

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adept memory detectives following this plan. The loose end in

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memory is all the expert requires. Any associations furnish these

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loose ends. An interesting and important fact to remember in

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this connection is that if you have some one thing

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that tends to escape your memory, you may counteract the

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trouble by noting these associated things that have previously served

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to bring it into mind with you. The associated thing,

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once noted, may thereafter be used as a loose end

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with which to unwind the elusive fact or impression. This

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idea of association is quite fascinating when you begin to

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employ it in your memory exercises and work, and you

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will find many little methods of using it. But always

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use natural association and avoid the temptation of endeavoring to

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tie your memory up with the red tape of the

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artificial systems. Point eight. Group your impressions. This is but

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a form of association, but is very important. If you

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can arrange your bits of knowledge and fact into logical groups,

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you will always be master of your subject. By associating

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your knowledge with other knowledge a along the same general lines,

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both by resemblances and by opposites, you will be able

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to find what you need, just when you need it.

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Napoleon Bonaparte had a mind trained along these lines. He

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said that his memory was like a large case of

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small drawers and pigeonholes, in which he filed his information

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according to its kind. In order to do this, he

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used the methods mentioned in this book of comparing the

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new thing with the old ones, and then deciding into

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which group it naturally fitted. This is largely a matter

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of practice and knack, but it may be acquired by

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a little thought and care aided by practice, and it

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will repay one well for the trouble in acquiring it.

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The following table will be found useful in classifying objects ideas, facts,

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et cetera, so as to correlate and as sociate them

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with other facts of a like kind. The table is

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to be used in the line of questions addressed to

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oneself regarding the thing under consideration. It somewhat resembles the

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table of questions given in Chapter seventeen of this book,

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but has the advantage of brevity. Memorize this table and

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use it. You will be delighted at the results. After

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you have caught the knack of applying it. Query table,

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ask yourself the following questions regarding the thing under consideration.

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It will draw out many bits of information and associated

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knowledge in your mind. One what two, whence three? Where four?

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When five? How? Six? Why? Seven? Whither. While the above

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seven queries are given you as a means of acquiring

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clear impressions and associations, they will also serve as a

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magic key to knowledge if you use them intelligently. If

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you can answer these questions regarding anything, you will know

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a great deal about that particular thing. And after you

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have answered them fully, there will be but little unexpressed

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knowledge regarding that thing left in your memory. Try them

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on one thing. You cannot understand them otherwise unless you

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have a very good imagination,