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<v Speaker 1>Chapter fourteen of the Story of the Barbary Corsairs. This

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<v Speaker 1>is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the

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<v Speaker 1>public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit

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<v Speaker 1>LibriVox dot org. Recording by Aaron Bennett. The Story of

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<v Speaker 1>the Barbary Corsairs by J. D. Gerald Kelly and Stanley

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<v Speaker 1>lane Pool. The failure of the Siege of Malta was

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<v Speaker 1>a sensible rebuff. Yet it cannot be said that it

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<v Speaker 1>seriously injured the renown of the Turks and the Mediterranean.

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<v Speaker 1>They had been resisted on land. They had not been

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<v Speaker 1>beaten at sea, nor could they look back on the

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<v Speaker 1>terrible months of the siege without some compensating feeling of consolation.

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<v Speaker 1>They had taken Saint Elmo, and its fall had aroused

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<v Speaker 1>general jubilation in every Muslim breast. The Moors of Grenada

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<v Speaker 1>went near to rising against the Spaniards on the mere

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<v Speaker 1>report of this triumph of the Turkish arms. Though they

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<v Speaker 1>had failed to reduce Saint Michael, the cause was to

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<v Speaker 1>be found, at least in part, in false alarm and

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<v Speaker 1>an unreasoning panic, to be defeated by such warriors as

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<v Speaker 1>the Knights of Saint John was not a disgrace. Like

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<v Speaker 1>the Highlanders in the Crimean War, these men were not

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<v Speaker 1>so much soldiers in their opponent's eyes as veritable devils,

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<v Speaker 1>and who shall contend against the legions of the jin Moreover,

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<v Speaker 1>forced as they were to abandon the siege, had they

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<v Speaker 1>not left the island a desert, its people reduced by half,

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<v Speaker 1>its fortifications, heaps of rubbish, its brave defenders, a handful

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<v Speaker 1>of invalids, So reasoned the Turks, and prepared for another campaign.

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<v Speaker 1>They had lost many men, but more were ready to

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<v Speaker 1>take their place. Their immense fleet was uninjured, and though

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<v Speaker 1>Dragoot was no more, Achiali, as the Christians called Ali

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<v Speaker 1>al Eluji, the renegade, the Turks dubbed him Fartus, scurvied

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<v Speaker 1>from his complaint, was following successful in his old master's steps.

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<v Speaker 1>Born at Castelli in Calabria about fifteen oh eight, Achiali

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<v Speaker 1>was to have been a priest, but is capture by

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<v Speaker 1>the Turks turned him to the more exciting career of

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<v Speaker 1>a corsair. Soon after the Siege of Malta, he succeeded

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<v Speaker 1>Barbarosa's son Hassan as Pasha or Begelberg of Algiers, and

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<v Speaker 1>one of his first acts was to retake Tunis all

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<v Speaker 1>but Goletta and the name of Sultan Salim, the second,

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<v Speaker 1>who to the unspeakable loss of the Mohammedan world, had

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<v Speaker 1>in fifteen sixty six succeeded his great father Suliman. In

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<v Speaker 1>July fifteen seventy off Ali Kada, on the southern coast

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<v Speaker 1>of Sicily Akiala, surrounded four galleys of the religion. They

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<v Speaker 1>then possessed but five, and took three of them, including

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<v Speaker 1>the flagship, which Saint Clement, the general of the galleys, abandoned,

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<v Speaker 1>in order to throw himself in his treasure on shore

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<v Speaker 1>at Montequiero, one galley alone, the Saint Anne made a

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<v Speaker 1>desperate resistance, the others surrendered. Sixty knights or serving brothers

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<v Speaker 1>of the order were killed or made prisoners on this

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<v Speaker 1>disastrous day, and so intense was the indignation in Malta

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<v Speaker 1>that the Grand Master had much ado to save Saint

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<v Speaker 1>Clement from being lynched by the mob, and was obliged

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<v Speaker 1>to deliver him to the secular court, which at once

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<v Speaker 1>condemned him to death. He was strangled in his cell

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<v Speaker 1>and his body thrown in a sack into the sea.

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<v Speaker 1>Such a success went far to atone for Mustapha Pasha's

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<v Speaker 1>unfortunate siege. A far more important triumph awaited the Turks

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<v Speaker 1>in fifteen seventy and seventy one, a siege and a conquest.

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<v Speaker 1>The new Sultan, like his father, saw in the island

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<v Speaker 1>of Cypress, a standing affront to his authority in the levant.

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<v Speaker 1>Then as now, Cypress was a vital scent and all

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<v Speaker 1>maritime wars in the Eastern Mediterranean, a convenient depot for

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<v Speaker 1>troops and stores, a watch tower, whence the movements of

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<v Speaker 1>the Turkish fleet could be observed, a refuge for the

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<v Speaker 1>numberless Christian corsairs that infested the coast of Syria. Cyprus

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<v Speaker 1>belonged to Venice, and on the score of her protection

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<v Speaker 1>of piracy, the Sultan found no difficulty in picking a

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<v Speaker 1>quarrel with the Senate. War was declared and Piali Pasha

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<v Speaker 1>transported a large army under Lala Mustapha, not the Syroxier,

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<v Speaker 1>who commanded at Malta to lay siege to Nicosia, the

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<v Speaker 1>capital of the island. After forty eight days, the city

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<v Speaker 1>fell September ninth and became a shambles. The catastrophe might

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<v Speaker 1>have been averted had the Christian fleet owned a single

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<v Speaker 1>competent chief, But unhappily, the relief of Cyprus was entrusted

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<v Speaker 1>to the least trustworthy of all instruments, a coalition. Pope Pious,

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<v Speaker 1>a man of austere pi piety, full of the zeal

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<v Speaker 1>of his high office, and an energy and intellect a

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<v Speaker 1>born leader, spared no effort to support the Venetians. As

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<v Speaker 1>soon as war became inevitable. Few of the states of

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<v Speaker 1>Europe found it convenient to respond to his appeal, but

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<v Speaker 1>Philip of Spain sent a numerous fleet under Giovanni Andrea Doria,

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<v Speaker 1>and the Pope himself, aided in some degree by the

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<v Speaker 1>Italian Princess, added an important contingent, which he confided to

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<v Speaker 1>the care of the Grand Constable of Naples, Mark Antony Colonna.

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<v Speaker 1>Giovanni Zan commanded the Venetian fleet. The whole force, when united,

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<v Speaker 1>amounted to no less than two hundred and six vessels,

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<v Speaker 1>of which eleven were galleases, and nearly all the rest galleys,

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<v Speaker 1>while the soldiers and crews numbered forty eight thousand men.

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<v Speaker 1>So dire was the dread then inspired by the Turks

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<v Speaker 1>that this vast armament dared not move till it was

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<v Speaker 1>known there that Achiali had left the neighborhood of Italy,

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<v Speaker 1>and even then the rivalries of the different admirals tended

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<v Speaker 1>rather to war between the contingents than an attack upon

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<v Speaker 1>the enemy's fleet. While the Christians were wrangling and Doria

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<v Speaker 1>was displaying the same fabian caution that had led his

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<v Speaker 1>grand uncle to lose the Battle of Pravesa, Piali Pasha,

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<v Speaker 1>wholly regardless of danger, had bared his galleys almost entirely

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<v Speaker 1>of soldiers in order to aid Lala Mustafa in the

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<v Speaker 1>final assault on Nicosia. Had the Allied fleets attacked him

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<v Speaker 1>on the eighth or ninth of September, it is doubtful

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<v Speaker 1>whether a single Turkish galley could have shown fight. But

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<v Speaker 1>Kolona and Doria wasted their time in wrangling and discussing,

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<v Speaker 1>while the foe lay powerless at their feet. Finally they

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<v Speaker 1>sailed back to Sicily for fear of bad weather. Such

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<v Speaker 1>were the admirals who furnished the jibes of Achiali and

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<v Speaker 1>his brother Corsairs. Famagusta surrendered August fourth, fifteen seventy one,

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<v Speaker 1>and despite the promise of life and liberty, the garrison

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<v Speaker 1>was massacred and the Venetian commander Braggadino cruelly burned to death.

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<v Speaker 1>Cypress became a Turkish possession thenceforward to this day. Meanwhile,

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<v Speaker 1>the Turkish and Barbary fleets, commanded by Ali Pasha, the

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<v Speaker 1>successor of Piali and Akiali, ravaged Crete and other islands,

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<v Speaker 1>and coasting up the Adriatic, worked their will upon every

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<v Speaker 1>town or village it suited their pleasure to attack. Thousands

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<v Speaker 1>of prisoners and stores, and booty of every description rewarded

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<v Speaker 1>their industry at length. In September, they anchored in the

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<v Speaker 1>Gulf of Lepanto. They had heard that the United Christian

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<v Speaker 1>fleets were on the move, and nothing would suit the

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<v Speaker 1>victors of Cypress better than a round encounter with the enemy.

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<v Speaker 1>Flushed with success, they had no fear for the issue.

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<v Speaker 1>Many a Christian fleet had gathered its members to together

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<v Speaker 1>before then in the waters of the Adriatic. The Great

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<v Speaker 1>Battle off Privesa was in the memory of many an

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<v Speaker 1>old sailor. As the galleys came to the rendezvous in

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<v Speaker 1>the autumn of fifteen seventy one. But there was an

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<v Speaker 1>essential difference between then and now. Pervesa was lost by

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<v Speaker 1>divided consuls. At Lepanto, there was but one commander in chief.

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<v Speaker 1>Pope Pious the Fifth, had labored unceasingly at the task

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<v Speaker 1>of uniting the allies and smoothing away jealousies, and he

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<v Speaker 1>had succeeded in drawing the navies of Southern Europe on

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<v Speaker 1>to another year's campaign. Then, worn by what he had

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<v Speaker 1>learned of the wranglings off Cyprus, he exerted his prerogative

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<v Speaker 1>as Vicar of God and named as the sole commander

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<v Speaker 1>in chief of the whole fleet. Don John of Austria,

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<v Speaker 1>son of the most illustrious monarch of the age, Don John,

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<v Speaker 1>was born to greatness. His mother was the beautiful singer

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<v Speaker 1>Barbara Blomberg. His father was Charles the Fifth. The one

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<v Speaker 1>gave him grace and beauty, the other the genius of command.

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<v Speaker 1>He was but twenty two when his half brother Philip

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<v Speaker 1>confided to him the difficult task of suppressing the rebellion

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<v Speaker 1>of the Moors and the Alpuares, where the experienced veterans

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<v Speaker 1>of Spain had failed. The beardless general of twenty two

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<v Speaker 1>succeeded to admiration, and now two years later he was

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<v Speaker 1>called to the command of the whole navy of Southern Europe.

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<v Speaker 1>He accepted the post with joy. He had all the

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<v Speaker 1>hopeful confidence of youth, and he longed to fight one

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<v Speaker 1>of the world's great battles. His enthusiasm glowed in his face.

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<v Speaker 1>One sees it in his portraits and on the medals

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<v Speaker 1>struck to commemorate his victory. Squadron after squadron begins to

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<v Speaker 1>crowd the straits of Messina Venero, the Venetian admiral is

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<v Speaker 1>already there, with forty eight galleys and sixty more expected.

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<v Speaker 1>When Colonna enters in July with eighteen vessels and moors alongside,

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<v Speaker 1>Don John has not yet arrived. He has had much

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<v Speaker 1>ado to get his squadron ready, for no nation understands

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<v Speaker 1>better than the Spanish the virtue of the adage Festina Lente.

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<v Speaker 1>At last, he puts off from Barcelona and laboriously crosses

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<v Speaker 1>the Gulf of Lions. One may smile now at the transit,

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<v Speaker 1>but in those days, what with the mistral and the

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<v Speaker 1>risk of corsairs, to cross the Gulf of Lions was

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<v Speaker 1>a thing to be thought about. At Genoa, Don John

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<v Speaker 1>is entertained by g Andrea Doria and attends a fancy

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<v Speaker 1>ball in a gay humor that becomes his youth and buoyancy,

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<v Speaker 1>with all his perils still ahead. As he proceeds, he

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<v Speaker 1>hears how the Turks are laying waste Dalmatia, and how

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<v Speaker 1>the Allies are quarreling at Messina, but he hastens not.

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<v Speaker 1>He knows that a galley on a long voyage has

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<v Speaker 1>as much a fixed pace as a horse, and that

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<v Speaker 1>flogging is of no use except for a short course.

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<v Speaker 1>At Naples. He reverently receives the standard blessing by His

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<v Speaker 1>Holiness himself, and on August twenty third he joins the

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<v Speaker 1>fleet at Messina. Time is still needed for the other

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<v Speaker 1>ships to come up and for the commander in chief

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<v Speaker 1>to mature his plans before they start. Each captain of

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<v Speaker 1>a galley will have a separate written order showing him

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<v Speaker 1>his place during the voyage and his post in any

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<v Speaker 1>engagement whereby the risk of confusion and hasty marshaling is

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<v Speaker 1>almost done away. On the sixteenth of September, the signal

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<v Speaker 1>is given to weigh anchor. Don John is off first

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<v Speaker 1>in his real a splendid capatina galley of sixty oars

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<v Speaker 1>with a poop carved with allegorical designs by Vasquez of Seville.

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<v Speaker 1>After him come two hundred and eighty five vessels comprising

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<v Speaker 1>six galleasses and two hundred nine galleys, carrying twenty nine

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<v Speaker 1>thousand men and commanded by the most famous names of

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<v Speaker 1>the great families of Spain Genoa, Venice, Naples, Rome, Vincenza, Padua,

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<v Speaker 1>Savoy and Sicily. Don Juan de Cardona leads the van

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<v Speaker 1>with seven galleys. Don John himself, between marc Antonio, Colonna

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<v Speaker 1>and Venera, commands the center of sixty two large galleys.

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<v Speaker 1>Gia Doria has fifty in the right wing. Barbarigo of

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<v Speaker 1>Venice fifty three in the left. Don Alvaro de Bezon

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<v Speaker 1>commands the reserve of thirty galleys. The galleases are ranged

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<v Speaker 1>before the lines, each with five hundred arquebacers on board.

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<v Speaker 1>After ten days of rowing and sailing, they reach Corfu

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<v Speaker 1>and the castle greets them with thunders of joy guns.

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<v Speaker 1>For the fear of the Turk is removed. Ali Pasha

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<v Speaker 1>hard By in the Gulf of Lepanto sent out scouts

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<v Speaker 1>to ascertain the enemy's strength. A bold Barbary corsair pushed

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<v Speaker 1>his bark unseen by night, among the Christian galleys, but

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<v Speaker 1>his report was imperfect. Until the day of conflict, neither

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<v Speaker 1>side knew the exact strength of his opponent. The Turkish

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<v Speaker 1>fleet numbered about two hundred and eight galleys and sixty

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<v Speaker 1>six galleos and carried twenty five thousand men. Constantinople furnished

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<v Speaker 1>ninety five galleys, twenty one from Alexandria, twenty five from Anatolia,

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<v Speaker 1>ten from Rhodes, ten from Middelein, nine from Syria, twelve

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<v Speaker 1>from Napoli de Romania, thirteen from Negropont, and eleven from

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<v Speaker 1>Algiers and Tripoli. The galios were chiefly barbary vessels, more

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<v Speaker 1>useful for piracy than a set battle. The two fleets

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<v Speaker 1>unexpectedly came in sight of each other at seven o'clock

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<v Speaker 1>on the morning of October seventh, at a point just

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<v Speaker 1>south of the Echinades and between Ithaca and the Gulf

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<v Speaker 1>of Patras or l A white sail or two on

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<v Speaker 1>the horizon was described by Don John's lookout on the

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<v Speaker 1>main top. Then sail after sail rose above the sea line,

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<v Speaker 1>and the enemy came into full view. Don John quickly

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<v Speaker 1>ran up a white flag, the signal of battle, and

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<v Speaker 1>immediately the whole fleet was busily engaged in clewing up

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<v Speaker 1>the sails to the yards and making all snug for

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<v Speaker 1>the conflict. The central banks were removed to make room

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<v Speaker 1>for the soldiers, and the slaves were served with meat

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<v Speaker 1>and wine. Old seamen, who had met the Turks again

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<v Speaker 1>and again from their youth up prepared grimly for revenge.

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<v Speaker 1>Sanguine boys who held arms and set for fight for

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<v Speaker 1>the first time that day, looked forward eagerly to the

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<v Speaker 1>moment of action, even to the last. The incurable vacillation

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<v Speaker 1>of the Allied admirals was felt. They suggested a council

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<v Speaker 1>of war. Don John's reply was worthy of him. The

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<v Speaker 1>time for councils is past, he said, do not trouble

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<v Speaker 1>yourselves about aught but fighting. Then he entered his gig

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<v Speaker 1>and went from galley to galley, passing under each stern,

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<v Speaker 1>crucifix in hand, encouraging the men. His calm and confident men,

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<v Speaker 1>and the charm of his address excited universal enthusiasm, and

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<v Speaker 1>he was met on all hands with the response. Ready Sir,

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<v Speaker 1>and the sooner the better. Then Don John, unfrilled the

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<v Speaker 1>blessed standard with the figure of the Savior, and falling

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<v Speaker 1>on his knees, commanded his cause to God. About eleven o'clock,

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<v Speaker 1>a dead calm set in. The Turks shortened sail and

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<v Speaker 1>took to their oars. In perfect order, and with matchless

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<v Speaker 1>speed and precision, they formed in line of battle, while

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<v Speaker 1>drums and fifes announced their high spirits. The Christian fleet

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<v Speaker 1>was slower in falling into line. Some of the galleys

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<v Speaker 1>and most of the galley asses were behind hand. Don

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<v Speaker 1>John let drop some pious oaths and scent swim vessels

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<v Speaker 1>to hurry them up. At last they began to get

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<v Speaker 1>into order. Barbarigo, the left guide, hugged the coast with

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<v Speaker 1>the left wing. Don John, with the center, kept touch

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<v Speaker 1>with him, But where was the right guide. Giovanni Doria,

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<v Speaker 1>infected with the tactical vanity of his family, resolved to

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<v Speaker 1>show these landsmen how a sailor can maneuver. Conceiving that

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<v Speaker 1>Akiali on the Ottoman left was trying to outflank the

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<v Speaker 1>Christian fleet, he bore out to sea in order to

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<v Speaker 1>turn him in vain. Don John sent to recall him.

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<v Speaker 1>He had gone out of reach and the battle had

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<v Speaker 1>to be fought without the right wing. Doria's precious maneuvering

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<v Speaker 1>went near to losing the day. The Ottoman fleet was

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<v Speaker 1>marshaled in the same order as the Christian except that

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<v Speaker 1>there were no galleasses. The line of battle, nearly a

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<v Speaker 1>mile long, was divided into center and right and left wing,

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<v Speaker 1>and behind the center was the reserve. Mohammed Shaluk, called

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<v Speaker 1>by Europeans. Sirocco commanded the right wing, opposed to Barbarigo's left.

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<v Speaker 1>Ali Pasha opposed Don John in the center. Aki Aali

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<v Speaker 1>was over against the posts where Doria should have been.

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<v Speaker 1>Between the two lines stood forth the heavy galleasses like

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<v Speaker 1>great breakwaters, turning aside and dividing the flowing rush of

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<v Speaker 1>the Ottoman galleys. The fire of these huge floating castles

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<v Speaker 1>nearly caused a panic among the Turks, but they soon

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<v Speaker 1>pulled past them, and a general melee ensued and the

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<v Speaker 1>Christian left. After a deadly struggle in which both Barbarigo

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<v Speaker 1>and Siroko lost their lives, the Turks were repulsed and

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<v Speaker 1>deprived of their chief took to the shore, but not

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<v Speaker 1>before the Christians had lost many galleys and a host

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<v Speaker 1>of brave men. Soon after the left had been engaged,

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<v Speaker 1>the center came into action. Ali Pasha made straight for

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<v Speaker 1>Don John's real and his beak rammed it as far

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<v Speaker 1>in as the fourth bank of Wars. Those by were

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<v Speaker 1>Pertev Pasha and the capitanas of Colonna and Venio. The

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<v Speaker 1>ships became entangled and formed one large platform of war.

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<v Speaker 1>Twice the Spaniards of the Rial boarded the final of

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<v Speaker 1>Ali Pasha as far as the main mast, and twice

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<v Speaker 1>they were driven back with terrible loss. Ali himself was

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<v Speaker 1>preparing to leap upon Don John's galley when Colonna rammed

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<v Speaker 1>him on the poop, penetrating as far as the third

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<v Speaker 1>oar and delivering a withering fire from his arquebascers. The

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<v Speaker 1>Christians had all the advantage of armor and firearms and

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<v Speaker 1>fired behind bulwarks. The Turks were unprotected by kuris or

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<v Speaker 1>a helmet or bulwark, and most of them had bows

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<v Speaker 1>instead of guns. Colona's volleys decided the fate of the Final,

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<v Speaker 1>and Ali Pasha departed this life. An hour and a

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<v Speaker 1>half had sufficed to disperse the Ottoman right and to

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<v Speaker 1>overpower the flagship in chief. When the fleet saw the

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<v Speaker 1>Christian ensign at the peak of the Turkish Capitana, they

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<v Speaker 1>redoubled their efforts. Veniro, severely wounded, still fought with the

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<v Speaker 1>Serroxir Pertev Pasha. The Turks fled and Pertev took to

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<v Speaker 1>the land. In half an hour more, Don John's center

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<v Speaker 1>was completely victorious. Then a new danger arose. Akiali, seeing

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<v Speaker 1>that Doria was well away to see, sharply doubled back

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<v Speaker 1>with all the right wing and bore down upon the

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<v Speaker 1>exhausted center. He rushed upon the Capitana of Malta and

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<v Speaker 1>massacred every soul on board. Dragout is avenged Wan Day

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<v Speaker 1>Cordona hastened to the rescue and of his five hundred soldiers,

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<v Speaker 1>but fifty escaped on the Fiorenza. Seventeen men alone remained alive,

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<v Speaker 1>and other terrible losses were incurred in the furious encounter.

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<v Speaker 1>Upon this, the ingenious Doria perceived that he had outwitted

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<v Speaker 1>only his own cause, and at last turned back. The

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<v Speaker 1>Marquise des Senta Cruz was already upon the enemy. Don

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<v Speaker 1>John was after him with twenty galleys. Achiali was outnumbered,

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<v Speaker 1>and after a brilliant effort, made off in all haste

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<v Speaker 1>for Santa Moa, bearing with him the standard of the

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<v Speaker 1>religion to be hung up in Saint Sophia. The Battle

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<v Speaker 1>of Lepanto is fought and won. The Turks have been

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<v Speaker 1>utterly vanquished. Well might the good Pope cry, as the

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<v Speaker 1>preacher cried in Saint Stephen's a century later, when Sobieski

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<v Speaker 1>saved Vienna, there was a man sent from God whose

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<v Speaker 1>name was John. The Turkish fleet was almost annihilate. One

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<v Speaker 1>hundred and ninety galleys were captured besides Galios, and fifteen

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<v Speaker 1>more burnt or sunk. Probably twenty thousand men had perished,

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<v Speaker 1>including an appalling list of high dignitaries from all parts

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<v Speaker 1>of the Empire. The Christians lost seven thousand, five hundred men,

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<v Speaker 1>including many of the most illustrious houses of Italy and Spain. Cervantes,

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<v Speaker 1>who commanded a company of soldiers on board the Marquesa,

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<v Speaker 1>fortunately escaped with a wound in his left arm, and

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<v Speaker 1>to many the Battle of Lepanto is familiar only from

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<v Speaker 1>the magical pages of Don Quixote. Seventeen Venetian commanders were dead,

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<v Speaker 1>and among them Vincenzo Corarini, and the valiant, chivalrous and

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<v Speaker 1>venerable provedatour Barbarigo. Sixty knights of the diminished Order of

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<v Speaker 1>Saint John had given up the ghost. Twelve thousand Christian

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<v Speaker 1>slaves were freed from the Ottoman galleys. The brilliant young

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<v Speaker 1>conqueror did not wear his well earned laurels long. His

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<v Speaker 1>statue was erected at Messina. His victory was the subject

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<v Speaker 1>of Tintoret and Titian. He was received with ovations wherever

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<v Speaker 1>he went. Two years later he recaptured Tunis. Then he

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<v Speaker 1>was employed in the melancholy task of carrying on Alva's

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<v Speaker 1>detestable work. In Flanders. He inflicted a sanguinary defeat upon

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<v Speaker 1>the Dutch at Jembleu, and then struck down by fever.

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<v Speaker 1>The young hero died on October first, fifteen seventy eight,

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<v Speaker 1>in his thirty first year, the last of the great

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<v Speaker 1>figures of medieval Chivalry, a knight worthy to have been

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<v Speaker 1>commemorated in the Charlemagne Guests, and to have sat at

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<v Speaker 1>Arthur's round table with Sir Galahad himself. End of Chapter fourteen.

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<v Speaker 1>Recording by Aaron Bennett