WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.160 --> 00:00:03.399 Discover the world of double back in mcdouble's Happy Meal, 2 00:00:03.720 --> 00:00:06.599 Race to the world's of music, sports, space and more. 3 00:00:06.960 --> 00:00:09.000 How quickly can you a little one spot the match 4 00:00:09.279 --> 00:00:12.720 doubles bursting with fun, some fun, some food. It's all 5 00:00:12.759 --> 00:00:16.239 inside this Happy Meal until the fifth of March twenty 6 00:00:16.239 --> 00:00:18.120 twenty six. An amt It's one pre select book a 7 00:00:18.160 --> 00:00:20.039 toy double Range comprises toys only, while stalks last. 8 00:00:20.280 --> 00:00:23.039 Do you know what real power is? 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Only thirty percent is kent of 17 00:00:44.719 --> 00:00:46.960 Smart All Day electricity unit rates in twenty nine percent 18 00:00:47.000 --> 00:00:49.920 of GASSI unitates, Seapoorcash Energy dot E for filties and ces. 19 00:00:50.280 --> 00:00:52.719 Oh hey, it's your mom's neighbor who dresses up that 20 00:00:52.840 --> 00:00:56.200 ceramic goose on our porch? Now in a tiny scarecrow 21 00:00:56.240 --> 00:00:59.600 costume for fall Ali Ward. I'm back with another episode 22 00:00:59.799 --> 00:01:03.000 five every one of Ologies. This is one of those 23 00:01:03.200 --> 00:01:06.000 very very many years in the making episodes where as 24 00:01:06.040 --> 00:01:08.319 soon as I decided to make this podcast Ology, so 25 00:01:08.319 --> 00:01:10.079 I was like, I got a hit up this expert 26 00:01:10.120 --> 00:01:13.000 and I put them on a list. This interview it's electric. 27 00:01:13.280 --> 00:01:16.040 But first let's thank everyone in the club at patreon 28 00:01:16.079 --> 00:01:19.760 dot com slash ologies. You're like fam. You submit questions 29 00:01:19.840 --> 00:01:22.000 and you find out what episodes are coming up. I 30 00:01:22.079 --> 00:01:24.680 love you. Thanks to everyone who's recommended ologies on like 31 00:01:25.040 --> 00:01:29.640 message boards and group texts and socially distanced barbecues. Thanks 32 00:01:29.640 --> 00:01:33.159 to everyone wearing ologies merch from ologiesmerch dot com. Thank 33 00:01:33.159 --> 00:01:36.280 you to the folks who press subscribe and who rate it. 34 00:01:36.560 --> 00:01:39.680 We're like number three on the science charts. It's bananas. 35 00:01:39.920 --> 00:01:42.040 Especially thank you to the folks who leave reviews for 36 00:01:42.079 --> 00:01:45.519 me to read on days when I feel like a dirty, 37 00:01:45.560 --> 00:01:49.200 nervous prairie dog, which is often sometimes, I read them 38 00:01:49.200 --> 00:01:50.840 all and so here's a fresh one to prove it. 39 00:01:51.000 --> 00:01:53.840 This is from love this who said you think scientists 40 00:01:53.879 --> 00:01:56.120 would be very serious people who get straight to the point, 41 00:01:56.159 --> 00:01:58.359 but nope, So fun to listen to I learned so much. 42 00:01:58.400 --> 00:02:00.359 Thanks dad, word. I hope you know that that's your 43 00:02:00.439 --> 00:02:02.319 name now and that will be put on your headstone. 44 00:02:02.400 --> 00:02:04.760 I hope you like it. Signed, love this, Love this, 45 00:02:04.959 --> 00:02:08.479 I love that. Yes, I'm into it. It's an honor. Okay. So, folmonology, 46 00:02:08.800 --> 00:02:11.360 let's get into it. Very much a thing. It's the 47 00:02:11.439 --> 00:02:15.240 science of those streaks in the sky, and it comes 48 00:02:15.280 --> 00:02:18.840 from the Latin word fulgare, which means to shine or 49 00:02:18.879 --> 00:02:22.360 to flash. And by the way, I'd learned this one 50 00:02:22.360 --> 00:02:27.599 minute ago that fulminate also means to publish a thundering denunciation. 51 00:02:28.120 --> 00:02:31.759 So if you're feeling pretty charged up by current events, 52 00:02:32.039 --> 00:02:36.840 fulminate to your heart's content by sweet smart babies kaboom. Okay. So, also, 53 00:02:37.039 --> 00:02:39.439 if you have a fear of thunder and lightning, you're 54 00:02:39.479 --> 00:02:42.400 not alone. I'm looking straight at you, my dog Remy, 55 00:02:42.520 --> 00:02:45.599 and also my dear sister friend Shannon feltis you have 56 00:02:45.680 --> 00:02:53.080 something that is called kronophobia. It's also inexplicably named astrophobia, brontophobia, 57 00:02:53.199 --> 00:02:56.319 and tonatrophobia. So let's learn a little bit more about it. Okay. 58 00:02:56.360 --> 00:02:59.520 So I met this ologist probably five years ago. We 59 00:02:59.520 --> 00:03:01.759 were both on the bill for a nerd night in 60 00:03:01.919 --> 00:03:05.879 LA and he just dazzled this whiskey drunk crowd with 61 00:03:06.039 --> 00:03:10.240 wildfire and thunderstorm facts. And he studied fire science in 62 00:03:10.280 --> 00:03:13.319 northern California and for the past decade has been a 63 00:03:13.360 --> 00:03:18.319 researcher with the Westcats Group, reviewing satellite imagery and monitoring 64 00:03:18.479 --> 00:03:23.199 weather patterns and really mapping the topography of the Western 65 00:03:23.400 --> 00:03:27.840 United States to figure out how geology and mountains interact 66 00:03:27.840 --> 00:03:30.759 with weather systems to better predict where lightning might strike. 67 00:03:31.120 --> 00:03:34.120 So he is such a Californian. I love it. He's 68 00:03:34.199 --> 00:03:38.439 laid back, he's cool, affable, committed to protecting the land 69 00:03:38.479 --> 00:03:40.919 we love out here. So kick your boots up, lean 70 00:03:41.039 --> 00:03:43.680 back on your porch chair, and open a beer or 71 00:03:43.759 --> 00:03:47.800 an organic superfoods kombucha, and enjoy some facts about thunder 72 00:03:48.039 --> 00:03:52.560 and lightning and thor and storms and pigeons and volcanoes 73 00:03:52.840 --> 00:03:57.319 and scars and chigawatts and sprites and elves and flaming 74 00:03:57.439 --> 00:04:02.240 tornadoes and of course wildfires with lightning scientists and your 75 00:04:02.319 --> 00:04:26.079 favorite folmonologist Chris Gizigi. When all of this news of 76 00:04:26.160 --> 00:04:30.120 all of these like dry lightning and dry storms and 77 00:04:30.759 --> 00:04:33.439 blazing hollow trees was coming out the last couple of weeks, 78 00:04:33.439 --> 00:04:35.680 I was like, I have so many questions. 79 00:04:36.959 --> 00:04:37.120 Oh. 80 00:04:37.160 --> 00:04:39.000 My first question, though, I always have to ask, is 81 00:04:39.199 --> 00:04:41.600 can you say your first and last name and what 82 00:04:41.680 --> 00:04:42.519 your pronouns are? 83 00:04:43.040 --> 00:04:48.759 My name is Chris Gisigi. Pronouns he okay. 84 00:04:49.079 --> 00:04:51.480 Also, Chris is about to start a new and very 85 00:04:51.480 --> 00:04:55.439 exciting job, but because we're so deep in infernos out here, 86 00:04:55.480 --> 00:04:58.480 his start time has to wait until after fire season. 87 00:04:58.560 --> 00:05:02.519 Ironically, that's a a job as an inspector with CalFire, 88 00:05:03.279 --> 00:05:07.639 so going to properties and places and making sure that 89 00:05:07.680 --> 00:05:11.680 people are ready to go in case of wildfire. Not if, 90 00:05:11.720 --> 00:05:14.839 but when a wildfire comes through up in the Napa 91 00:05:14.879 --> 00:05:15.560 County area. 92 00:05:15.680 --> 00:05:18.040 When is fire season even over in California? 93 00:05:18.160 --> 00:05:20.000 You know, it all depends this year. 94 00:05:20.240 --> 00:05:22.319 I mean it's it's looking like it's going to be 95 00:05:22.360 --> 00:05:26.600 high and dry until at least October November. I'm ready 96 00:05:26.639 --> 00:05:29.040 to go. I mean, shot man, I got my boots, 97 00:05:29.120 --> 00:05:32.199 I got my gear. Throw me on there, my n 98 00:05:32.279 --> 00:05:34.360 ninety five masks. Put me out there and let me 99 00:05:34.439 --> 00:05:36.800 talk to some people about some fire prevention. 100 00:05:37.480 --> 00:05:42.199 Yeah, I mean you're from up there. Did you grow 101 00:05:42.319 --> 00:05:47.480 up with fires and lightning really on your radar on 102 00:05:47.560 --> 00:05:50.120 your Doppler since you were a kid or where did 103 00:05:50.120 --> 00:05:51.040 you start getting into this. 104 00:05:52.199 --> 00:05:55.600 Well, it's you know, it's funny because California in general, 105 00:05:55.600 --> 00:05:58.199 a lot of people think, oh, yeah, California's kind of boring. 106 00:05:58.279 --> 00:06:00.560 Yeah, maybe they got some earthquakes here and there too. 107 00:06:01.199 --> 00:06:05.839 So growing up in Sonoma County, I really don't remember 108 00:06:06.279 --> 00:06:09.120 a lot of fire activity. We don't really get too 109 00:06:09.199 --> 00:06:10.279 much thunder and lightning. 110 00:06:10.360 --> 00:06:12.920 It was one of those things where we're just like, oh, 111 00:06:13.199 --> 00:06:15.720 you know, at the time, being a firefighter would be cool. 112 00:06:15.800 --> 00:06:18.160 Maybe I'll be able to do that, you know, kind 113 00:06:18.160 --> 00:06:25.480 of macho and you know, let's get out there. Yeah, bro, firefighting. 114 00:06:26.759 --> 00:06:30.480 It really wasn't until maybe later years of high school 115 00:06:30.600 --> 00:06:33.519 or I started thinking, ah, you know, that'd be kind 116 00:06:33.519 --> 00:06:33.879 of cool. 117 00:06:33.920 --> 00:06:36.560 It pay as well. At the time, benefits are really good. 118 00:06:36.839 --> 00:06:38.120 You know, it's all about the future. 119 00:06:38.240 --> 00:06:42.079 Find something that you can you can get all those 120 00:06:42.120 --> 00:06:44.160 good perks with. And then you go to college and 121 00:06:44.160 --> 00:06:47.079 I'm like, wow, actually the science of this stuff is 122 00:06:47.160 --> 00:06:48.519 a lot more fascinating to me. 123 00:06:48.839 --> 00:06:52.720 Ah. And what kind of courses did you start taking? 124 00:06:52.920 --> 00:06:57.480 Was it meteorology or physics or what is it? Fire? Lightning? 125 00:06:57.759 --> 00:06:58.839 Scientists study. 126 00:06:59.759 --> 00:07:03.360 So at first it's just straight fire science. 127 00:07:03.519 --> 00:07:07.319 So you're looking at fire chemistry, you're looking at fire behavior, 128 00:07:07.959 --> 00:07:11.560 you're looking at fire prevention systems. And it's both kind 129 00:07:11.600 --> 00:07:17.120 of wildland and structure fire or residential fire, so you 130 00:07:17.160 --> 00:07:20.040 can you kind of pick up both. At least the 131 00:07:20.040 --> 00:07:22.759 program I was in, it was even things like hazard's 132 00:07:22.839 --> 00:07:26.360 materials and weapons of mass destruction and all that kind 133 00:07:26.360 --> 00:07:31.240 of crazy stuff. So basically it's fire chemistry, a history 134 00:07:31.279 --> 00:07:37.199 of fires, fire behavior, fire prevention systems, things like hazardous materials. 135 00:07:37.639 --> 00:07:40.040 He says that once you get further into college and 136 00:07:40.079 --> 00:07:43.639 you jump through those flaming hoops, you can specialize in 137 00:07:43.879 --> 00:07:48.480 how meteorology affects fire and climate, or you can study GIS, 138 00:07:48.560 --> 00:07:51.079 which I one hundred percent had to look up and 139 00:07:51.120 --> 00:07:55.560 found that it means geographic information systems aka maps. Well, 140 00:07:55.680 --> 00:08:00.000 it's technically a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data 141 00:08:00.319 --> 00:08:03.800 rooted in the science of geography and analyzing spatial location 142 00:08:03.920 --> 00:08:06.639 and layers of information into visualizations using map in three 143 00:08:06.720 --> 00:08:09.879 D scenes, which means just really bitching as hell maps. 144 00:08:10.160 --> 00:08:13.560 You could even just continue into some sort of fire management, 145 00:08:13.920 --> 00:08:17.079 and so a lot of my coursework is strictly related 146 00:08:17.120 --> 00:08:20.079 to fire, and then a lot of life science is stuff, 147 00:08:20.600 --> 00:08:25.720 so weather in climate physics definitely, and calculus. 148 00:08:26.199 --> 00:08:28.959 M h. A lot of people don't know, but yes 149 00:08:29.079 --> 00:08:30.040 you do calculus. 150 00:08:30.199 --> 00:08:33.720 What are you calculusing as a fire scientist? 151 00:08:33.960 --> 00:08:36.440 Yeah, so many computers and different models that kind of 152 00:08:36.440 --> 00:08:38.799 help us with this. So there really isn't that much 153 00:08:38.960 --> 00:08:42.039 calculus when you're doing just in the field stuff. But 154 00:08:42.480 --> 00:08:45.399 in terms of meteorology and fire weather, calculus is a 155 00:08:45.399 --> 00:08:48.559 lot of its integrals and derivatives. It's all rates of change. 156 00:08:48.639 --> 00:08:51.639 And so how much of your work deals with fire 157 00:08:51.720 --> 00:08:54.919 science and how much deals with lightning or is it 158 00:08:55.000 --> 00:08:56.080 kind of an equal amount. 159 00:08:57.720 --> 00:08:59.159 It's kind of an equal amount. 160 00:08:59.279 --> 00:09:04.919 My re search in particular is more lightning and we 161 00:09:04.960 --> 00:09:09.000 look more at the electrical magnetic properties of it. Let's 162 00:09:09.039 --> 00:09:10.879 say we're trying to figure out a way to build 163 00:09:10.919 --> 00:09:12.320 more confidence in our. 164 00:09:12.559 --> 00:09:15.399 Lightning models for prediction or projections. 165 00:09:15.519 --> 00:09:17.519 So we kind of look at all, right, what are 166 00:09:17.519 --> 00:09:21.320 the different atmospheric elements and conditions that are happening, and 167 00:09:21.399 --> 00:09:24.159 how is that interacting with the Earth creating some sort 168 00:09:24.200 --> 00:09:28.080 of electrical magnetic environment in that particular place to create 169 00:09:28.159 --> 00:09:29.960 lightning at a certain place at a certain. 170 00:09:29.720 --> 00:09:33.559 Time, and then we relate that mostly to. 171 00:09:34.240 --> 00:09:37.240 A typical quote unquote when would be fire season, which 172 00:09:37.320 --> 00:09:40.759 is usually your late spring or summer months through fall. 173 00:09:40.960 --> 00:09:44.679 We come up with some sort of projection system to say, 174 00:09:44.720 --> 00:09:47.519 all right, these areas have high risk of lightning, and 175 00:09:47.679 --> 00:09:50.440 because during these months, when these certain conditions are met, 176 00:09:51.039 --> 00:09:52.919 lightning cause fires could be issues here. 177 00:09:53.240 --> 00:09:56.600 Oh okay, this is a huge issue. And as someone 178 00:09:56.639 --> 00:09:59.080 who lives on the West Coast, the last few weeks 179 00:09:59.240 --> 00:10:01.799 our lives out eat have just been spent indoors, not 180 00:10:01.840 --> 00:10:04.480 only because of Corona, but because the air is so 181 00:10:05.039 --> 00:10:07.720 thick with smoke you can barely see a few hundred 182 00:10:07.720 --> 00:10:10.519 feet in front of you. I myself have had horrible headaches, 183 00:10:10.519 --> 00:10:13.440 a few migraines, throat hurts, the whites of my eyes 184 00:10:13.480 --> 00:10:17.039 are kind of a soft fuchia color. And wildfires in 185 00:10:17.080 --> 00:10:19.799 Oregon have claimed the lives of dozens of people and counting. 186 00:10:19.840 --> 00:10:21.799 So this is a really big topic. But we're gonna 187 00:10:21.799 --> 00:10:23.320 put a pin in it for a second and get 188 00:10:23.360 --> 00:10:25.879 to the basics of lightning. What does it look like, 189 00:10:26.080 --> 00:10:28.759 how does it work? And is the sky mad? Bro 190 00:10:29.279 --> 00:10:31.600 and do you have a lightning storm in your mind 191 00:10:31.639 --> 00:10:36.200 that when you think back, is like the most fireworks 192 00:10:36.440 --> 00:10:39.679 one that you've ever experienced. What's the craziest lightning storm 193 00:10:39.720 --> 00:10:40.279 you've ever seen? 194 00:10:41.480 --> 00:10:41.840 Uh? 195 00:10:41.879 --> 00:10:46.000 It man, there's a lot of good ones. Yeah, I 196 00:10:46.000 --> 00:10:49.960 mean not really here in California, per Sae. The last 197 00:10:49.960 --> 00:10:52.879 one we had recently was you know, it was damaging 198 00:10:52.919 --> 00:10:55.360 and everything, but from my perspective, it was kind of fun. 199 00:10:55.720 --> 00:10:58.120 But most of the major lightning storms that have been 200 00:10:58.159 --> 00:11:02.200 through either Florida or Ohio, the Midwest or the Florida 201 00:11:02.240 --> 00:11:06.720 which gets lightning like crazy. It was actually at Disney World. 202 00:11:06.840 --> 00:11:09.440 It looked like the cloud to ground lightning strikes were 203 00:11:09.519 --> 00:11:17.279 hitting the bush right in front of us. Oh yeah, 204 00:11:17.399 --> 00:11:19.879 everything rumbles in the cracks and you kind of loose 205 00:11:19.919 --> 00:11:23.000 stability for a little bit, and you're so loud and 206 00:11:23.039 --> 00:11:26.000 it's so bright, to the point where like my mom 207 00:11:26.039 --> 00:11:28.399 and my sister were actually covering their ears and be like, 208 00:11:28.440 --> 00:11:29.200 we don't want. 209 00:11:29.039 --> 00:11:35.279 To be here, we need to leave. How old were you? 210 00:11:35.759 --> 00:11:37.200 Uh this is three years ago? 211 00:11:37.320 --> 00:11:40.200 Okay, like a baby? 212 00:11:40.639 --> 00:11:44.159 No, no, And of me, I'm like, oh my gosh, 213 00:11:44.159 --> 00:11:47.600 this is so cool. We got to see We're got 214 00:11:47.600 --> 00:11:49.039 to see what happens. Let's say if it's going to 215 00:11:49.120 --> 00:11:51.399 hit that tower. Let's see if it's gonna fry these 216 00:11:51.399 --> 00:11:52.039 people or. 217 00:11:53.320 --> 00:11:56.000 Were they like, Chris, did you bring this with you? 218 00:11:56.360 --> 00:11:59.480 It knows that you're a fire lightning wizard. 219 00:12:00.279 --> 00:12:01.480 The fire lighting. 220 00:12:02.799 --> 00:12:06.000 It's going on your business card. Okay, so this but 221 00:12:06.159 --> 00:12:07.759 seeing it that up close, I've never seen it that 222 00:12:07.840 --> 00:12:11.279 up close. But okay, what is the difference between lightning 223 00:12:11.440 --> 00:12:14.879 striking the clouds to the ground versus the ground to 224 00:12:14.919 --> 00:12:18.039 the clouds, Like, what exactly is lightning? Where is it going? 225 00:12:19.759 --> 00:12:22.039 Oh? So the story of lightning? 226 00:12:22.240 --> 00:12:25.960 Oh yes, okay, so this is I've actually kind of 227 00:12:25.960 --> 00:12:29.720 written about this, so I have. Yeah, Well, to kind 228 00:12:29.759 --> 00:12:31.919 of set a tone here, The way I think of 229 00:12:31.960 --> 00:12:34.279 the process of lightning happening is I think about all 230 00:12:34.279 --> 00:12:36.919 these little molecules and particles that are happening within the 231 00:12:36.960 --> 00:12:39.919 cloud and happening within the atmosphere and are you know, 232 00:12:40.000 --> 00:12:40.879 flowing in the earth. 233 00:12:41.080 --> 00:12:42.759 And I always like to think of them as an. 234 00:12:42.720 --> 00:12:45.879 Emoji or as little emojis running around with different smiley 235 00:12:45.919 --> 00:12:50.919 faces or positive charge and negative charge m and you know, 236 00:12:50.960 --> 00:12:53.879 and they have this goal in life, and that's to 237 00:12:53.919 --> 00:12:56.919 find find something of the opposite charge and connect with 238 00:12:56.960 --> 00:12:59.000 it and do this little dance and then they go 239 00:12:59.039 --> 00:13:01.320 into the great beyond afterwards wherever. 240 00:13:01.039 --> 00:13:03.960 That is, whatever they're doing, whatever they're doing there. So 241 00:13:04.120 --> 00:13:09.159 lightning is it's a development of a certain cloud type 242 00:13:09.480 --> 00:13:10.960 called cumulatimus clouds. 243 00:13:11.399 --> 00:13:14.879 So if you heard Nuphology with doctor Rachel Store, you 244 00:13:15.000 --> 00:13:17.879 may be familiar already with cloud anatomy. 245 00:13:18.399 --> 00:13:23.360 And what happens is within these clouds. The clouds formed 246 00:13:23.399 --> 00:13:27.240 because we typically have updrafts of air. Warm air rises, 247 00:13:27.559 --> 00:13:30.799 so we get updrafts, and as it rises, it runs 248 00:13:30.799 --> 00:13:32.960 into the altitude, so you get higher up and higher 249 00:13:33.000 --> 00:13:35.960 up it gets a little colder, and so as that 250 00:13:36.080 --> 00:13:40.000 air rises, it kind of cools and condenses and a 251 00:13:40.000 --> 00:13:43.639 little droplets form around particulates, little ice crystals can form, 252 00:13:43.679 --> 00:13:46.679 and they're banging around in there, having a good old time, 253 00:13:46.840 --> 00:13:50.960 hitting each other, bumping, doing whatever, and and at that 254 00:13:51.080 --> 00:13:52.919 point you kind of you start to build up like 255 00:13:52.960 --> 00:13:56.559 this static charge. It's electrostatic charge. It's in the clouds 256 00:13:56.720 --> 00:14:00.360 as electrons start to get stripped or transferred for one 257 00:14:00.399 --> 00:14:03.360 to the other. And so during this process, eventually what 258 00:14:03.480 --> 00:14:06.080 happens is these clouds when they're starting to get ready, 259 00:14:06.080 --> 00:14:10.080 when they're priming themselves for a lightning event, they separate themselves. 260 00:14:10.240 --> 00:14:15.279 So the negative charges go down towards the bottom of 261 00:14:15.320 --> 00:14:19.320 the cloud and the positive charges go towards the middle 262 00:14:19.320 --> 00:14:21.879 of the top of the cloud. And this is because 263 00:14:22.320 --> 00:14:28.039 what weather is, it's a neutralization process. So we're trying 264 00:14:28.080 --> 00:14:30.720 to get these electrons that are up in the cloud 265 00:14:30.960 --> 00:14:33.559 down to Earth and want to neutralize themselves at Earth, 266 00:14:33.639 --> 00:14:36.960 bring them back to where they belong, so they separate 267 00:14:37.000 --> 00:14:39.240 themselves up there, and then at the same time they're 268 00:14:39.279 --> 00:14:42.279 separating themselves in other clouds, or they're separating themselves at 269 00:14:42.279 --> 00:14:42.720 the ground. 270 00:14:42.759 --> 00:14:45.399 So on the ground level you might have. 271 00:14:46.639 --> 00:14:51.519 The electrons will actually get pushed down further to further 272 00:14:51.559 --> 00:14:55.480 lowers of the ground, which leaves nothing but a positive 273 00:14:55.600 --> 00:14:59.559 charge stuck at the surface. This is just opposites attract 274 00:14:59.679 --> 00:15:02.799 like charges repel each other. So the electrons in the 275 00:15:02.799 --> 00:15:05.879 cloud are going to help push those down, those electrons 276 00:15:05.879 --> 00:15:08.200 in the ground down even further into the ground, and 277 00:15:08.240 --> 00:15:11.399 that leaves a nice positive charge on the surface. So 278 00:15:11.480 --> 00:15:14.600 what happens then is once everything gets kind of built up, 279 00:15:14.960 --> 00:15:17.200 then those charges are going to look to connect somewhere, 280 00:15:17.639 --> 00:15:21.840 and so sometimes they're gonna interconnect within the cloud. Sometimes 281 00:15:21.840 --> 00:15:25.279 they're going to connect between one cloud and another, which 282 00:15:25.279 --> 00:15:29.600 is cloud to cloud, or sometimes they're going to try 283 00:15:29.679 --> 00:15:31.639 and connect with the charges that are on the ground, 284 00:15:31.679 --> 00:15:33.399 and that would be cloud to ground lighting. 285 00:15:33.759 --> 00:15:38.320 Oh okay, So these ice particles are just having an 286 00:15:38.399 --> 00:15:42.919 airborne mashpit. Some are losing electrons, some are gaining them, 287 00:15:43.000 --> 00:15:46.919 and this tension builds and then the moshpit divides with 288 00:15:47.000 --> 00:15:50.120 the negative charges heading to the bottom. Now, as for 289 00:15:50.480 --> 00:15:55.080 cloud to ground lightning, electrons on the Earth's surface get 290 00:15:55.159 --> 00:15:58.480 pushed further into the ground. So positive charges are kind 291 00:15:58.480 --> 00:16:00.840 of simmering on the ground and they have to meet 292 00:16:00.879 --> 00:16:04.320 each other and then boom, lightning strikes to neutralize it, 293 00:16:04.559 --> 00:16:07.399 and the mash pit goes wild. They love it. And 294 00:16:07.399 --> 00:16:10.759 then they're like, and so, which is most common? 295 00:16:11.159 --> 00:16:11.279 Uh? 296 00:16:11.519 --> 00:16:14.039 Cloud to ground lightning is actually the least common. 297 00:16:14.080 --> 00:16:15.840 It's the one we see and the one we relate 298 00:16:15.879 --> 00:16:18.279 to the most, but it only makes up like twenty 299 00:16:18.320 --> 00:16:21.360 to twenty five percent of lightning strikes. 300 00:16:21.480 --> 00:16:24.720 The rest are typically cloud to cloud or intracloud. 301 00:16:25.480 --> 00:16:29.240 Oh okay, yeah, crazy right, yeah yeah yeah. And so 302 00:16:29.519 --> 00:16:34.279 they're up there kind of banging around and discharging that 303 00:16:34.440 --> 00:16:37.240 electricity from cloud to cloud a lot of the times. 304 00:16:37.240 --> 00:16:40.919 But we notice the ones that are ground cloud because 305 00:16:40.960 --> 00:16:43.279 they're kind of closer to us. 306 00:16:43.639 --> 00:16:46.679 Well, they look cooler, they're more streaky. They're the ones 307 00:16:46.679 --> 00:16:50.919 that we see when the flash comes down, and yeah, 308 00:16:51.000 --> 00:16:53.320 it's like an adrenaline rush for them. 309 00:16:53.440 --> 00:16:54.639 Really. Yeah. 310 00:16:54.759 --> 00:16:57.120 What I picture is, you know, the ones coming from 311 00:16:57.159 --> 00:16:59.840 the cloud to the ground. What I picture is is, 312 00:17:00.240 --> 00:17:03.240 after enough electrostatic charges is built up in the clouds, 313 00:17:03.279 --> 00:17:04.319 they're not ready to go. 314 00:17:04.559 --> 00:17:07.279 And you have something called step leaders and. 315 00:17:07.240 --> 00:17:10.559 Streamers, and these are kind of the leading molecule, the 316 00:17:10.640 --> 00:17:13.599 leading chargers that are getting out there and ready to go. 317 00:17:14.119 --> 00:17:17.160 So these are step leaders that reach down toward the 318 00:17:17.160 --> 00:17:20.160 ground and streamers down below that reach up. 319 00:17:20.400 --> 00:17:23.480 And so I picture these these little charges strapping on 320 00:17:23.559 --> 00:17:30.119 a helmet, putting on their goggles, and the step leaders 321 00:17:30.160 --> 00:17:32.279 are up in the cloud and they're shouting out at 322 00:17:32.279 --> 00:17:33.880 the streamers down in the ground. 323 00:17:34.359 --> 00:17:37.720 You know, uh, step leader to streamer leader, step leader 324 00:17:37.759 --> 00:17:42.240 to streamer leader, over streamer, two step leader, streamer, two 325 00:17:42.240 --> 00:17:44.359 step leader, coffee docage. 326 00:17:44.720 --> 00:17:45.759 All right, there we go. 327 00:17:45.960 --> 00:17:47.680 And they turn around and they get all the other 328 00:17:47.720 --> 00:17:50.599 electrons riled up. Yeah, let's go. 329 00:17:51.279 --> 00:17:53.759 So then they throw on some heavy metal music and 330 00:17:54.079 --> 00:17:55.880 start they're just. 331 00:17:55.799 --> 00:17:57.839 Gonna say you needams for this. 332 00:17:58.160 --> 00:17:58.480 Yeah. 333 00:17:58.599 --> 00:18:02.759 Yeah, So they you know, and they take off and 334 00:18:02.839 --> 00:18:06.640 the step leaders kind of the initiator of these lightning strikes, 335 00:18:06.680 --> 00:18:09.240 and so they take off towards the ground, and they 336 00:18:09.240 --> 00:18:11.440 have no idea where they're going. They have no idea 337 00:18:11.559 --> 00:18:14.480 where these other charges are on the ground because there's 338 00:18:14.519 --> 00:18:17.480 such a distance between them. They can only really communicate 339 00:18:17.480 --> 00:18:19.079 about fifty meters or so. 340 00:18:19.079 --> 00:18:23.480 So that's why you start to see lightning in jagged forms. 341 00:18:23.200 --> 00:18:27.559 Because it's these electrons trying to reach the ground that 342 00:18:27.599 --> 00:18:30.720 are trying to find the opposite charge but really can't. 343 00:18:31.519 --> 00:18:34.680 So they shoot out in intervals and they take this 344 00:18:34.839 --> 00:18:37.680 jagged path until eventually they connect with it and then 345 00:18:37.720 --> 00:18:41.319 they meet together and the streamers, so the charges on 346 00:18:41.359 --> 00:18:43.960 the ground will actually reach up sometime and try and 347 00:18:44.000 --> 00:18:45.640 meet them at a certain point. 348 00:18:46.160 --> 00:18:46.480 Cool. 349 00:18:47.119 --> 00:18:50.279 Yeah, And is it fractals at all? Or am I 350 00:18:50.359 --> 00:18:53.559 making that up? Does it go like two veins split 351 00:18:53.559 --> 00:18:57.359 into four veines split into Is there anything like mathematic 352 00:18:57.519 --> 00:19:01.480 or pattern wise about lightning strikes or is it pretty random? 353 00:19:01.519 --> 00:19:04.680 It's just kind of whatever path they can find for 354 00:19:04.839 --> 00:19:09.440 least resistance. And however they can try and find themselves. 355 00:19:09.000 --> 00:19:10.119 To the opposite charge. 356 00:19:10.480 --> 00:19:10.880 Mm hmm. 357 00:19:11.759 --> 00:19:14.559 But I mean it does form a very treelike kind 358 00:19:14.559 --> 00:19:17.519 of like family treelike structure, or veins of a river 359 00:19:17.640 --> 00:19:20.839 or stream. Yeah, something like that, which is pretty cool. 360 00:19:21.440 --> 00:19:22.680 You've never been struck by lightning? 361 00:19:22.680 --> 00:19:22.960 Have you? 362 00:19:23.720 --> 00:19:28.000 I have not. Okay, I do not plan on it. 363 00:19:28.920 --> 00:19:31.160 I don't know. I don't know about you, Ali, but 364 00:19:32.920 --> 00:19:38.880 that a little lightning, uh pat, lighting up the butt 365 00:19:38.960 --> 00:19:41.000 doesn't sound too good. And I don't know about you. 366 00:19:41.680 --> 00:19:44.119 Gonna gonna keep my butt right out of it, to 367 00:19:44.200 --> 00:19:46.200 be honest. Have you heard about the guy who was 368 00:19:46.839 --> 00:19:48.400 struck something like seven times? 369 00:19:49.160 --> 00:19:49.359 Uh? 370 00:19:49.440 --> 00:19:54.279 Yeah, that'd be the old park ranger guy. Uh shoot, 371 00:19:54.319 --> 00:19:56.000 what's his name's Roy Sullivan? 372 00:19:56.319 --> 00:19:56.480 Oh? 373 00:19:56.680 --> 00:19:56.960 Nice? 374 00:19:57.440 --> 00:19:59.039 Yeah? Have you ever looked him up? 375 00:19:59.400 --> 00:20:03.000 I have, and I've read his story, and I mean, 376 00:20:03.160 --> 00:20:05.240 what do you think was happening with him? 377 00:20:05.599 --> 00:20:06.200 Oh? My god? 378 00:20:06.319 --> 00:20:09.440 I mean, this poor guy, so several of the instances, 379 00:20:10.119 --> 00:20:12.200 I mean, he gets struck, he's driving away from a 380 00:20:12.200 --> 00:20:14.640 storm and gets nailed by lighting inside of his car. 381 00:20:14.839 --> 00:20:16.480 I think something like that happened twice. 382 00:20:16.880 --> 00:20:19.640 Yep, it's true. And apparently whenever he was caught in 383 00:20:19.680 --> 00:20:22.519 a storm, he would pull over and lie down in 384 00:20:22.559 --> 00:20:25.440 the front seat of the truck to hide from the lightning. 385 00:20:25.559 --> 00:20:27.680 And he also started to carry around a can of 386 00:20:27.720 --> 00:20:30.119 water in case he got struck again and his hair 387 00:20:30.200 --> 00:20:33.200 caught on fire, and spoiler, he had to use that 388 00:20:33.279 --> 00:20:34.559 can more than once. 389 00:20:34.799 --> 00:20:37.480 He's out working in the field, gets struck a third time. 390 00:20:38.599 --> 00:20:41.279 He even one time was inside of his house, just 391 00:20:41.279 --> 00:20:42.319 sitting there in his chair. 392 00:20:42.680 --> 00:20:44.759 And from the way they. 393 00:20:44.720 --> 00:20:47.880 Explained it, I mean, this guy is just unlucky as shit. 394 00:20:48.359 --> 00:20:52.000 The way they explained it, the lightning bolt finds its 395 00:20:52.000 --> 00:20:56.119 way through the electrical system into his house, ricochets off 396 00:20:56.200 --> 00:20:59.839 of this sort of like a metal container or something, 397 00:20:59.839 --> 00:21:01.359 and then zap him in his chair. 398 00:21:01.720 --> 00:21:05.359 Wow, I mean, how unlucky does that for that to happen. 399 00:21:05.680 --> 00:21:08.200 Do you think it's possible that he was a very 400 00:21:08.359 --> 00:21:11.599 negatively charged person, You. 401 00:21:11.599 --> 00:21:17.079