WEBVTT

1
00:00:00.720 --> 00:00:04.440
<v Speaker 1>Hello, ladies and gentlemen, brothers, sisters, comrades, friends. As always,

2
00:00:04.960 --> 00:00:07.400
<v Speaker 1>I am glad to have you guys listening to me.

3
00:00:08.199 --> 00:00:10.519
<v Speaker 1>We have a special treat for you guys today that

4
00:00:10.880 --> 00:00:12.960
<v Speaker 1>I don't think I even really alluded to. I might

5
00:00:13.000 --> 00:00:16.519
<v Speaker 1>have mentioned it in maybe the pop Quiz episodes we

6
00:00:16.559 --> 00:00:19.399
<v Speaker 1>did recently. But before we get to that, I want

7
00:00:19.399 --> 00:00:21.719
<v Speaker 1>to give a quick shout out, as always to my

8
00:00:21.960 --> 00:00:26.839
<v Speaker 1>incredibly kind and generous supporters over on Patreon and substack,

9
00:00:27.679 --> 00:00:31.160
<v Speaker 1>specifically those supporting at the executive producer level and above

10
00:00:31.280 --> 00:00:35.439
<v Speaker 1>my longtime supporters Mike Meyleman and John Andre Saither. I

11
00:00:35.479 --> 00:00:38.079
<v Speaker 1>can't tell you how much I appreciate you guys sticking

12
00:00:38.119 --> 00:00:41.039
<v Speaker 1>with me this long, and everybody else as well who

13
00:00:41.079 --> 00:00:46.200
<v Speaker 1>supports the show on Patreon and substack. Please feel free

14
00:00:46.439 --> 00:00:50.000
<v Speaker 1>to subscribe to either if you haven't already. There is

15
00:00:50.119 --> 00:00:53.759
<v Speaker 1>free stuff for the A lot of people jokingly call

16
00:00:53.840 --> 00:00:55.880
<v Speaker 1>them free loaders out there. I don't like saying that

17
00:00:55.920 --> 00:00:57.840
<v Speaker 1>because I always feel a little bit guilty, but it's

18
00:00:57.880 --> 00:01:01.920
<v Speaker 1>still fun. But no free content and a lot of

19
00:01:01.960 --> 00:01:05.879
<v Speaker 1>exclusive content, and more than anything else that I can

20
00:01:06.000 --> 00:01:10.359
<v Speaker 1>hopefully use to persuade people to join up is these

21
00:01:10.400 --> 00:01:14.519
<v Speaker 1>are ad free episodes on Patreon and substack, whereas you

22
00:01:14.640 --> 00:01:17.640
<v Speaker 1>get you know, a pepperine of ads on the regular

23
00:01:17.680 --> 00:01:22.439
<v Speaker 1>feed on Spotify or Apple podcasts. But regardless, if you

24
00:01:22.519 --> 00:01:25.760
<v Speaker 1>haven't subscribed to History Impossible on substack or on Patreon,

25
00:01:25.840 --> 00:01:29.640
<v Speaker 1>please do so. Become a member and you know, show

26
00:01:29.640 --> 00:01:32.519
<v Speaker 1>your love if you can, with a couple bucks every month,

27
00:01:33.359 --> 00:01:36.400
<v Speaker 1>but even if you can't, that's totally fine. Please just

28
00:01:36.719 --> 00:01:39.640
<v Speaker 1>see this as a chance to, I don't know, spread

29
00:01:39.680 --> 00:01:42.799
<v Speaker 1>the word, you know, just let people know that History

30
00:01:42.840 --> 00:01:45.560
<v Speaker 1>Impossible is a thing and it's something they might like

31
00:01:45.640 --> 00:01:47.640
<v Speaker 1>if you think they might like it considering all the

32
00:01:47.719 --> 00:01:51.400
<v Speaker 1>stuff we get into here with this particular episode, like

33
00:01:51.439 --> 00:01:53.040
<v Speaker 1>I said, it's a bit of a treat. It was

34
00:01:53.079 --> 00:01:56.480
<v Speaker 1>a conversation that I had with longtime friend and mentor

35
00:01:56.560 --> 00:02:00.920
<v Speaker 1>Danielle Ballli, host of History on Fire, writer of many books,

36
00:02:01.879 --> 00:02:03.200
<v Speaker 1>pretty much a jack of all trades.

37
00:02:03.200 --> 00:02:04.040
<v Speaker 2>He actually has two.

38
00:02:03.920 --> 00:02:07.879
<v Speaker 1>Podcasts, in case you guys didn't know. His other first podcast,

39
00:02:08.240 --> 00:02:10.639
<v Speaker 1>Drunken Dawis, is actually one I've been on a couple times.

40
00:02:10.680 --> 00:02:13.159
<v Speaker 1>So if you miss those episodes, go check them out there,

41
00:02:13.199 --> 00:02:15.639
<v Speaker 1>but also just subscribe to that and History on Fire

42
00:02:15.680 --> 00:02:18.800
<v Speaker 1>if you somehow have not already. But Danielle has been

43
00:02:18.840 --> 00:02:22.000
<v Speaker 1>at this for actually over ten years now, this being

44
00:02:22.080 --> 00:02:25.240
<v Speaker 1>History podcasting, and he's been doing a lot of cool stuff.

45
00:02:25.280 --> 00:02:28.639
<v Speaker 1>He has some new projects, specifically one project I have

46
00:02:28.719 --> 00:02:31.800
<v Speaker 1>in mind that he has announced on The Drunken Taoist.

47
00:02:32.000 --> 00:02:33.599
<v Speaker 1>I don't think he's rolled it out yet, but he

48
00:02:33.680 --> 00:02:35.479
<v Speaker 1>is going to be covering the history of Rome in

49
00:02:35.520 --> 00:02:39.800
<v Speaker 1>a separate series from History on Fire. But I will

50
00:02:39.879 --> 00:02:42.280
<v Speaker 1>let him talk about that one day. I just wanted

51
00:02:42.319 --> 00:02:44.199
<v Speaker 1>to give you guys a sort of heads up on

52
00:02:44.240 --> 00:02:47.439
<v Speaker 1>what's going on with him too. But yes, this conversation

53
00:02:47.560 --> 00:02:50.400
<v Speaker 1>we had was all about what was about two things really,

54
00:02:50.560 --> 00:02:52.919
<v Speaker 1>well three things we were catching up for a fair

55
00:02:52.960 --> 00:02:55.039
<v Speaker 1>bit of it. We spent about fifteen minutes talking about

56
00:02:55.039 --> 00:02:57.000
<v Speaker 1>what he's been up to for the last couple of

57
00:02:57.120 --> 00:03:00.719
<v Speaker 1>years with his show and just in general. But we

58
00:03:00.759 --> 00:03:04.080
<v Speaker 1>also talked about one of our shared favorite stories, which

59
00:03:04.120 --> 00:03:06.360
<v Speaker 1>is the story of the Taiping Rebellion, and then from

60
00:03:06.360 --> 00:03:08.840
<v Speaker 1>there we use that as a sort of excuse to

61
00:03:08.879 --> 00:03:15.000
<v Speaker 1>talk about the revolutionary nature of Protestantism basically in global

62
00:03:15.080 --> 00:03:17.719
<v Speaker 1>history at this point, and the Typing Rebellion is probably

63
00:03:17.800 --> 00:03:23.039
<v Speaker 1>the best example of that. Potential. So it's a very

64
00:03:23.039 --> 00:03:26.199
<v Speaker 1>free wheeling conversation, much less structured than my usual interviews.

65
00:03:26.439 --> 00:03:28.000
<v Speaker 1>But that's just because Danielle and I have known each

66
00:03:28.000 --> 00:03:30.639
<v Speaker 1>other for a while and it was a lot of fun,

67
00:03:31.199 --> 00:03:35.000
<v Speaker 1>and we'll probably be doing something similar again in the

68
00:03:35.280 --> 00:03:37.520
<v Speaker 1>relatively near future. We always have stuff that we like

69
00:03:37.560 --> 00:03:40.159
<v Speaker 1>talking about, at least on the phone, and sometimes we're like, yeah,

70
00:03:40.159 --> 00:03:42.919
<v Speaker 1>this should probably be a podcast. So we're hopefully going

71
00:03:42.960 --> 00:03:45.719
<v Speaker 1>to get back to that sooner rather than later. But

72
00:03:46.280 --> 00:03:51.080
<v Speaker 1>in the meantime, sit back and please enjoy this conversation

73
00:03:51.639 --> 00:03:53.240
<v Speaker 1>about some impossible history.

74
00:03:53.879 --> 00:03:55.360
<v Speaker 3>I'll let me to tell you what you would have

75
00:03:55.400 --> 00:03:58.400
<v Speaker 3>seen and heard if we're not being pleasant listening, if

76
00:03:58.400 --> 00:03:59.759
<v Speaker 3>you were at lunch, or if you have no.

77
00:03:59.680 --> 00:04:01.319
<v Speaker 2>App But I know it's a good time to switch

78
00:04:01.360 --> 00:04:09.879
<v Speaker 2>off the radio. An ancestor of mine maintained, if you

79
00:04:09.960 --> 00:04:17.000
<v Speaker 2>eliminate the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, Eva Russen Banji

80
00:04:17.079 --> 00:04:20.079
<v Speaker 2>out of it. You know, general one who knows that

81
00:04:21.040 --> 00:04:25.759
<v Speaker 2>I desire thou. I wish I could say tonight that

82
00:04:25.839 --> 00:04:29.000
<v Speaker 2>a lasting peace is inside. I don't feel an the

83
00:04:29.199 --> 00:04:30.000
<v Speaker 2>laughing dream.

84
00:04:30.079 --> 00:04:39.199
<v Speaker 3>I feel a laughing night wore. If we hearship to

85
00:04:39.279 --> 00:04:40.160
<v Speaker 3>guilt if.

86
00:04:40.040 --> 00:04:41.279
<v Speaker 1>We hear assure to guil.

87
00:04:42.839 --> 00:04:45.879
<v Speaker 3>Some say the world will end empire, Some stay Anie.

88
00:04:46.399 --> 00:04:49.079
<v Speaker 3>From what I've tasted of desire, I hold of those

89
00:04:49.160 --> 00:04:52.439
<v Speaker 3>of favor fire, But if it had to perish twice,

90
00:04:52.800 --> 00:04:55.600
<v Speaker 3>I think I know enough of hate to say that

91
00:04:55.759 --> 00:04:58.839
<v Speaker 3>for destruction, ice is also great and would suffice.

92
00:05:05.720 --> 00:05:07.800
<v Speaker 2>This is History Impossible.

93
00:05:13.000 --> 00:05:17.079
<v Speaker 1>Well, like I said, guys, I'm here with longtime friend

94
00:05:17.120 --> 00:05:21.399
<v Speaker 1>of the show, something of a mentor to me, Danielle Bolelli,

95
00:05:21.680 --> 00:05:25.000
<v Speaker 1>host of History on Fire, writer of many awesome books.

96
00:05:25.279 --> 00:05:28.720
<v Speaker 1>I'm sure ninety nine percent of you know who he is,

97
00:05:28.959 --> 00:05:32.600
<v Speaker 1>know his work. But I'll just start by saying welcome

98
00:05:32.680 --> 00:05:35.240
<v Speaker 1>and thank you for coming on History Impossible again.

99
00:05:35.720 --> 00:05:38.160
<v Speaker 2>Thank you so much for having met. We are planning

100
00:05:38.199 --> 00:05:42.639
<v Speaker 2>on doing an outdoor recording, but the Ween today decided

101
00:05:42.800 --> 00:05:45.040
<v Speaker 2>that's not going to happen. So here we are.

102
00:05:45.120 --> 00:05:48.839
<v Speaker 1>Indoors, indeed, and we have power through outdoor recordings before,

103
00:05:48.879 --> 00:05:51.720
<v Speaker 1>at least on your show. I've been on it, and

104
00:05:51.800 --> 00:05:55.040
<v Speaker 1>it's been a while since we did a history collaboration.

105
00:05:55.199 --> 00:05:59.160
<v Speaker 1>Though I think we are planning on doing a little

106
00:05:59.160 --> 00:06:01.079
<v Speaker 1>bit of a something. I don't want to say much

107
00:06:01.720 --> 00:06:04.639
<v Speaker 1>that we did a little bit before I got another

108
00:06:05.079 --> 00:06:06.120
<v Speaker 1>rerun about like.

109
00:06:06.199 --> 00:06:08.879
<v Speaker 2>Not saying match we're said we used to. We did

110
00:06:08.959 --> 00:06:11.040
<v Speaker 2>an episode about video games in the past.

111
00:06:11.519 --> 00:06:12.360
<v Speaker 1>I don't want to ruin it.

112
00:06:13.360 --> 00:06:17.680
<v Speaker 2>It's fine, yeah, it's yeah. We way back when we

113
00:06:17.759 --> 00:06:21.480
<v Speaker 2>did an episode on historian video games for History on Fire,

114
00:06:21.519 --> 00:06:25.199
<v Speaker 2>but that was behind the paywall. I'm thinking of releasing

115
00:06:25.279 --> 00:06:28.600
<v Speaker 2>it again early next year, in twenty twenty six. However,

116
00:06:28.759 --> 00:06:32.120
<v Speaker 2>in the meantime, we've both played five thousand more video games,

117
00:06:32.279 --> 00:06:34.480
<v Speaker 2>so we should probably just re record it and do

118
00:06:34.560 --> 00:06:35.680
<v Speaker 2>an updated version.

119
00:06:36.000 --> 00:06:38.879
<v Speaker 1>That's right, because there I don't even know how many

120
00:06:39.199 --> 00:06:41.639
<v Speaker 1>history based video games have come out since then. I

121
00:06:41.720 --> 00:06:42.519
<v Speaker 1>mean it's been a lot.

122
00:06:42.920 --> 00:06:45.279
<v Speaker 2>It's been a lot, and good ones and better better

123
00:06:45.360 --> 00:06:46.160
<v Speaker 2>than before.

124
00:06:46.839 --> 00:06:49.319
<v Speaker 1>And who knows, maybe by the time we can get

125
00:06:49.399 --> 00:06:51.759
<v Speaker 1>this next one out, a new Ghosts of Yota.

126
00:06:51.600 --> 00:06:53.199
<v Speaker 2>Game will be out, or exactly.

127
00:06:53.319 --> 00:06:55.839
<v Speaker 1>I mean, Danielle is playing Assassin's Creed Shadows right now,

128
00:06:55.879 --> 00:06:59.199
<v Speaker 1>which I have yet to try so pricisely what I'm doing.

129
00:07:00.680 --> 00:07:02.839
<v Speaker 1>So yeah, but we also have another thing that we

130
00:07:02.959 --> 00:07:05.720
<v Speaker 1>worked on together coming soon to your feed, which I

131
00:07:05.759 --> 00:07:07.240
<v Speaker 1>don't know if you want to spoil that one.

132
00:07:07.160 --> 00:07:11.000
<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, sure, So that's the one episode that we

133
00:07:11.160 --> 00:07:13.800
<v Speaker 2>recorded in the past was actually that one. I think

134
00:07:13.839 --> 00:07:18.120
<v Speaker 2>you did the research for it. Yeah, and it's about

135
00:07:18.680 --> 00:07:22.160
<v Speaker 2>the Mafia during World War Two working with the Allies

136
00:07:22.920 --> 00:07:27.399
<v Speaker 2>supposedly maybe kind of. Yeah, and there's a whole story

137
00:07:27.439 --> 00:07:27.800
<v Speaker 2>about that.

138
00:07:27.920 --> 00:07:29.319
<v Speaker 1>I think. My favorite thing that I was able to

139
00:07:29.319 --> 00:07:32.920
<v Speaker 1>get you to do was to read the phonetic quotes

140
00:07:33.079 --> 00:07:37.399
<v Speaker 1>from Lucky Luciano. Oh yeah, of course, so is Danielle's

141
00:07:37.399 --> 00:07:39.879
<v Speaker 1>best imitation of an Italian American mobs?

142
00:07:40.000 --> 00:07:44.279
<v Speaker 2>Yes, exactly, Well, basically a real life story to my own.

143
00:07:45.399 --> 00:07:46.600
<v Speaker 2>It's an autobiography.

144
00:07:47.920 --> 00:07:50.040
<v Speaker 1>Lucciano is a great character, I should say. I mean,

145
00:07:50.079 --> 00:07:53.160
<v Speaker 1>I'm I understand why you wouldn't, but I am still

146
00:07:53.920 --> 00:07:56.240
<v Speaker 1>I'm really wanting you to do some kind of proper

147
00:07:56.600 --> 00:08:00.920
<v Speaker 1>biographical story about your favorite mob in the mind now.

148
00:08:01.040 --> 00:08:04.639
<v Speaker 2>I think I did for Patreon. I did just a

149
00:08:04.720 --> 00:08:07.680
<v Speaker 2>Patroon episode was shorter and it was a quicker episode.

150
00:08:07.720 --> 00:08:10.519
<v Speaker 2>But one that I had a blast doing was an

151
00:08:10.600 --> 00:08:13.439
<v Speaker 2>episode about the history of the Calton Club in New York.

152
00:08:13.680 --> 00:08:17.360
<v Speaker 2>That was like one of those clubs that central to

153
00:08:17.480 --> 00:08:21.720
<v Speaker 2>the jazz scene and it was a major mafia hangout.

154
00:08:22.560 --> 00:08:24.959
<v Speaker 2>There was a Francis for a couple of movie and

155
00:08:25.160 --> 00:08:27.600
<v Speaker 2>it was very good and I like it. Okay, I'm interested.

156
00:08:27.759 --> 00:08:29.639
<v Speaker 1>I'll check it out for myself because I haven't seen it.

157
00:08:29.720 --> 00:08:31.920
<v Speaker 1>I just heard that. I think it just did badly.

158
00:08:32.399 --> 00:08:35.360
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it wasn't super popular, but it's actually a really

159
00:08:35.399 --> 00:08:37.440
<v Speaker 2>good movie, okay. I mean part of it is that

160
00:08:37.480 --> 00:08:40.279
<v Speaker 2>you're not following one character, You're fulling a bunch of

161
00:08:40.440 --> 00:08:45.159
<v Speaker 2>characters all revolving around this club. But the music is amazing.

162
00:08:45.480 --> 00:08:48.679
<v Speaker 2>Some of the stories are great. There's a couple of

163
00:08:48.840 --> 00:08:54.159
<v Speaker 2>lucky cameos that in there that are great. It's a

164
00:08:54.200 --> 00:08:54.759
<v Speaker 2>fun story.

165
00:08:55.080 --> 00:08:57.120
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, we got some of that stuff. And I don't

166
00:08:57.120 --> 00:08:59.000
<v Speaker 1>know how much you watched a bit, but that amazing

167
00:08:59.080 --> 00:09:03.159
<v Speaker 1>show scores. It was behind called Boardwalk Empire. Yeah, like

168
00:09:03.279 --> 00:09:06.000
<v Speaker 1>lu in there. I mean the big guy who the

169
00:09:06.080 --> 00:09:08.399
<v Speaker 1>big mobster I should say, who sort of at the

170
00:09:08.600 --> 00:09:14.399
<v Speaker 1>center of that story besides Nuki by Seucemi is Arnold

171
00:09:14.440 --> 00:09:17.159
<v Speaker 1>roth Sey. It was like a whole other amazing story,

172
00:09:17.240 --> 00:09:19.840
<v Speaker 1>especially because it evolves baseball, you know.

173
00:09:19.919 --> 00:09:22.960
<v Speaker 2>I mean some of those guys are the Dutch Shultz

174
00:09:23.360 --> 00:09:26.039
<v Speaker 2>only mad then some of those guys were pretty wild

175
00:09:26.480 --> 00:09:31.600
<v Speaker 2>buggy seagull. Yeah, a lot of those. But I had

176
00:09:31.639 --> 00:09:34.080
<v Speaker 2>a blast because I mean, while I was talking about

177
00:09:34.120 --> 00:09:37.480
<v Speaker 2>that part, for sure, I was also just enjoyed doing

178
00:09:37.519 --> 00:09:40.879
<v Speaker 2>an episode about music, you know, really talking and because

179
00:09:40.919 --> 00:09:43.879
<v Speaker 2>it was behind the paywall, I could take because I'm

180
00:09:43.919 --> 00:09:46.759
<v Speaker 2>always sketchy about something that's it is on the main

181
00:09:46.879 --> 00:09:49.879
<v Speaker 2>feed regarding what legal and what's not. I think it's

182
00:09:50.000 --> 00:09:53.080
<v Speaker 2>legal to take small clips from songs that you're throwing

183
00:09:53.159 --> 00:09:58.720
<v Speaker 2>their own podcast. But still I like doing it as things.

184
00:09:58.799 --> 00:10:02.720
<v Speaker 2>So I could take you know, little cleep from you know,

185
00:10:02.960 --> 00:10:08.039
<v Speaker 2>Cab Callowe Orton.

186
00:10:06.440 --> 00:10:09.720
<v Speaker 1>Or some of the great You could play a lot

187
00:10:09.799 --> 00:10:11.759
<v Speaker 1>of that music. As long as you're talking about it,

188
00:10:12.480 --> 00:10:14.759
<v Speaker 1>you know, then you're good. But yeah, no, I I

189
00:10:15.720 --> 00:10:17.919
<v Speaker 1>there's so many great stories of I mean great and

190
00:10:18.080 --> 00:10:20.679
<v Speaker 1>tragic stories of musicians from that era that you could

191
00:10:20.840 --> 00:10:23.480
<v Speaker 1>also do, you know, stories about I don't think it

192
00:10:23.519 --> 00:10:25.679
<v Speaker 1>would end on such a downer, but if I remember right,

193
00:10:25.720 --> 00:10:29.320
<v Speaker 1>it's Sam Cook is the story I know about. But

194
00:10:29.399 --> 00:10:34.240
<v Speaker 1>that one just ends with the horrible tragical Yeah yeah,

195
00:10:34.759 --> 00:10:35.840
<v Speaker 1>crazy musician stories.

196
00:10:35.840 --> 00:10:38.879
<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, yeah, no, it's planting there's And I enjoyed

197
00:10:38.919 --> 00:10:42.679
<v Speaker 2>those because there are such great story in the history

198
00:10:42.720 --> 00:10:45.320
<v Speaker 2>of music and the lives of musician and all of

199
00:10:45.480 --> 00:10:46.200
<v Speaker 2>that but.

200
00:10:46.200 --> 00:10:52.159
<v Speaker 1>At the same time, I'm like so not into music biopics,

201
00:10:52.679 --> 00:10:55.159
<v Speaker 1>Like I didn't see a complete Unknown. I've heard it's good.

202
00:10:55.519 --> 00:10:58.759
<v Speaker 1>I was never a giant I'm not a giant Dylan fan,

203
00:10:59.080 --> 00:11:01.519
<v Speaker 1>but I heard it's good. But I just don't really

204
00:11:02.360 --> 00:11:04.480
<v Speaker 1>care all that much about that, and I'll check it

205
00:11:04.519 --> 00:11:07.440
<v Speaker 1>out one day. But honestly, it just kind of peaked

206
00:11:07.480 --> 00:11:10.159
<v Speaker 1>with Walk the Line, which was probably the best one

207
00:11:10.480 --> 00:11:12.960
<v Speaker 1>because sort of the legit singing that was happening in

208
00:11:13.039 --> 00:11:15.159
<v Speaker 1>it by Walking Phoenix and Rees with her spooning. That

209
00:11:15.240 --> 00:11:17.399
<v Speaker 1>was pretty cool. But at the end of the day,

210
00:11:17.919 --> 00:11:21.879
<v Speaker 1>the music biopic almost always has the exact same plot

211
00:11:22.039 --> 00:11:25.279
<v Speaker 1>arc sure, it's the musician doing better, better, better, better

212
00:11:25.320 --> 00:11:27.000
<v Speaker 1>than he has a big fall off, usually because of

213
00:11:27.080 --> 00:11:30.799
<v Speaker 1>drugs or a woman, and then he builds himself back

214
00:11:30.879 --> 00:11:33.519
<v Speaker 1>up again, usually from the inspiration of another woman or

215
00:11:33.600 --> 00:11:36.120
<v Speaker 1>the woman that he burned, and that's just, you know,

216
00:11:36.240 --> 00:11:38.639
<v Speaker 1>the way it always goes. That's why the John c

217
00:11:38.840 --> 00:11:42.039
<v Speaker 1>Riley movie Walk Hard Story is so good.

218
00:11:42.120 --> 00:11:44.360
<v Speaker 2>No, that's why I think sometimes maybe the movies are

219
00:11:44.519 --> 00:11:49.639
<v Speaker 2>not the best medium for it. Uh huh. I think, well,

220
00:11:49.799 --> 00:11:52.799
<v Speaker 2>it depends. Some are like one that I deeply enjoyed,

221
00:11:52.840 --> 00:11:54.240
<v Speaker 2>and then I swear we're going to get to a

222
00:11:54.279 --> 00:11:56.879
<v Speaker 2>point of this episode about like one that I we'll

223
00:11:56.919 --> 00:12:00.080
<v Speaker 2>just catching up. He enjoyed is a movie called The

224
00:12:00.120 --> 00:12:01.120
<v Speaker 2>Cadillac Records.

225
00:12:01.600 --> 00:12:02.639
<v Speaker 1>Oh that was a great one.

226
00:12:02.720 --> 00:12:07.039
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, fantastic movie about the early blues. Yeah, you know,

227
00:12:07.360 --> 00:12:11.320
<v Speaker 2>Muddy Water, so Howling Wold Facta James, all of that.

228
00:12:11.559 --> 00:12:14.559
<v Speaker 1>It was the movie that proved to me that Beyonce

229
00:12:14.559 --> 00:12:15.320
<v Speaker 1>I could act.

230
00:12:15.720 --> 00:12:18.039
<v Speaker 2>And can sing. Because the thing is, when I listened

231
00:12:18.039 --> 00:12:21.879
<v Speaker 2>to Beyond Beyonce, I'm not exactly the target for like

232
00:12:22.120 --> 00:12:25.120
<v Speaker 2>her music. It's fine for what it does, it's not

233
00:12:25.240 --> 00:12:28.039
<v Speaker 2>my thing. But besides that, it's like, it doesn't really

234
00:12:28.120 --> 00:12:30.759
<v Speaker 2>make her voice shine. But when she's imitating her, when

235
00:12:30.799 --> 00:12:34.120
<v Speaker 2>she's doing Ata James, she's amazing. You're like, how the

236
00:12:34.320 --> 00:12:37.759
<v Speaker 2>hell have I not ever heard her voice sound like this?

237
00:12:38.000 --> 00:12:40.919
<v Speaker 2>Because it's beyond amazing. But when I listened to the

238
00:12:41.039 --> 00:12:45.039
<v Speaker 2>music she makes, I'm like, cool, it doesn't valorize her

239
00:12:45.320 --> 00:12:45.960
<v Speaker 2>voice at all.

240
00:12:46.200 --> 00:12:48.159
<v Speaker 1>What makes me laugh really hard about that too, is

241
00:12:48.200 --> 00:12:54.159
<v Speaker 1>that Eda James, always the perpetually grouchy lady, hated Beyond

242
00:12:54.279 --> 00:12:57.080
<v Speaker 1>this performance because of course she did. Yeah, but there's

243
00:12:57.120 --> 00:12:59.600
<v Speaker 1>a scene in that movie, which was like sort of

244
00:12:59.679 --> 00:13:02.840
<v Speaker 1>the last big film I remember Adrian Brody being up

245
00:13:02.919 --> 00:13:05.639
<v Speaker 1>until just last year, I guess, which I haven't seen

246
00:13:05.679 --> 00:13:08.279
<v Speaker 1>The Brutalist yet, but I planned to at some point.

247
00:13:09.279 --> 00:13:13.240
<v Speaker 1>But yeah, he played the head of talent the records,

248
00:13:13.279 --> 00:13:15.720
<v Speaker 1>and he and Da James apparently had a thing. And

249
00:13:16.200 --> 00:13:18.440
<v Speaker 1>there's a scene where she's singing I'd Rather Go Blind,

250
00:13:18.559 --> 00:13:20.919
<v Speaker 1>and it's like a very moving scene with them saying

251
00:13:20.960 --> 00:13:23.320
<v Speaker 1>goodbye to each other without saying it, and it's just

252
00:13:23.399 --> 00:13:27.440
<v Speaker 1>such a great scene. And yeah, maybe that actually is

253
00:13:27.679 --> 00:13:29.639
<v Speaker 1>a really good example of a counter example what I

254
00:13:29.720 --> 00:13:30.120
<v Speaker 1>was just saying.

255
00:13:30.399 --> 00:13:32.919
<v Speaker 2>That music, but it's not about one chiroc.

256
00:13:33.240 --> 00:13:36.799
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it's about it's about a movement. It's about Motown.

257
00:13:36.840 --> 00:13:39.360
<v Speaker 1>It's a birth of Motown, which is incredible. Yeah, And

258
00:13:39.639 --> 00:13:42.000
<v Speaker 1>I think something like that is really interesting. I mean,

259
00:13:42.279 --> 00:13:45.600
<v Speaker 1>you could do a anyone could do a history podcast

260
00:13:45.679 --> 00:13:49.080
<v Speaker 1>about the grunge scene or the punk scene, and they've

261
00:13:49.120 --> 00:13:51.080
<v Speaker 1>done it. I mean I've seen, I've I've heard some

262
00:13:51.200 --> 00:13:53.519
<v Speaker 1>good podcasts out there that do music history.

263
00:13:53.679 --> 00:13:58.279
<v Speaker 2>Especially one that I badly want to do is about

264
00:13:58.679 --> 00:14:03.600
<v Speaker 2>the but the Holy and Richie Valence, who died on

265
00:14:03.679 --> 00:14:06.279
<v Speaker 2>the same plane crash right on the same day, and

266
00:14:06.440 --> 00:14:09.559
<v Speaker 2>so they were like two of the early rock and

267
00:14:09.759 --> 00:14:14.039
<v Speaker 2>roll icons, and yet they were like, you know, on paper,

268
00:14:14.159 --> 00:14:16.399
<v Speaker 2>they should have never gone anywhere because but they only

269
00:14:16.519 --> 00:14:20.559
<v Speaker 2>looked like the biggest nerd on the planet. Richie Valence

270
00:14:20.639 --> 00:14:22.480
<v Speaker 2>was a guy who was you know, his biggest hit

271
00:14:22.679 --> 00:14:25.559
<v Speaker 2>was in Spanish in the nineteen fifties. That's not a

272
00:14:26.320 --> 00:14:29.480
<v Speaker 2>very welcome thing. So neither one should have made it.

273
00:14:29.559 --> 00:14:32.240
<v Speaker 2>They both made it huge. They were both really young,

274
00:14:32.440 --> 00:14:35.440
<v Speaker 2>incredibly talented, and both died on the same day, and

275
00:14:35.639 --> 00:14:37.720
<v Speaker 2>so it was like, yeah, so that would be a

276
00:14:37.799 --> 00:14:40.519
<v Speaker 2>story that interested me about the birth of rock and roll.

277
00:14:40.639 --> 00:14:44.120
<v Speaker 2>They unlikely rise to fame. I think at some point

278
00:14:44.159 --> 00:14:45.240
<v Speaker 2>I would love to do that one.

279
00:14:45.600 --> 00:14:47.720
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, you could get conspiratorial, though, and do a whole

280
00:14:47.759 --> 00:14:49.960
<v Speaker 1>thing about how not only do rock stars altend to

281
00:14:50.000 --> 00:14:52.320
<v Speaker 1>die at the age of twenty seven, but that there

282
00:14:52.360 --> 00:14:54.120
<v Speaker 1>seems to be a lot of really bad luck with

283
00:14:54.240 --> 00:14:58.360
<v Speaker 1>musicians and planes happened to Alia back whenever. That was

284
00:14:58.399 --> 00:15:00.799
<v Speaker 1>early two thousands, And I don't mean to make light

285
00:15:00.840 --> 00:15:04.000
<v Speaker 1>of it. I'm just saying it's very weird that that

286
00:15:04.559 --> 00:15:07.840
<v Speaker 1>just happens, seems to happen so often. Yeah, So I

287
00:15:07.919 --> 00:15:10.279
<v Speaker 1>mean that that was sort of I just I'm fine

288
00:15:10.320 --> 00:15:12.080
<v Speaker 1>with just doing a tangent like that. I just kind

289
00:15:12.080 --> 00:15:13.639
<v Speaker 1>of wanted this to be a little bit loose but

290
00:15:14.120 --> 00:15:16.720
<v Speaker 1>before we get into more structured stuff. But I guess, yeah,

291
00:15:16.759 --> 00:15:19.519
<v Speaker 1>because so people somehow who don't know what have you

292
00:15:19.639 --> 00:15:21.559
<v Speaker 1>been up to? Because I mean you kind of for

293
00:15:21.639 --> 00:15:24.799
<v Speaker 1>people who didn't join the Luminary band wagon, you kind

294
00:15:24.840 --> 00:15:26.039
<v Speaker 1>of dropped off for a little bit.

295
00:15:26.120 --> 00:15:28.679
<v Speaker 2>What happened? So I yeah, you know, I did Easter

296
00:15:28.879 --> 00:15:32.960
<v Speaker 2>on Fire for about four some years, initially between twenty

297
00:15:33.120 --> 00:15:38.360
<v Speaker 2>fifteen twenty nineteen. Then I got the ungodly good contract

298
00:15:38.399 --> 00:15:41.600
<v Speaker 2>from LUMINARII to put me behind the paywall. Mostly I

299
00:15:41.679 --> 00:15:44.200
<v Speaker 2>was still doing I had my Dank carling close, so

300
00:15:44.320 --> 00:15:47.200
<v Speaker 2>I was doing like two episodes per a year, three

301
00:15:47.480 --> 00:15:50.399
<v Speaker 2>so that people still know that I existed, but a

302
00:15:50.440 --> 00:15:53.759
<v Speaker 2>whole bunch who are behind the paywall. Then in I

303
00:15:53.840 --> 00:15:56.480
<v Speaker 2>think must have been twenty twenty one or twenty two

304
00:15:56.600 --> 00:15:59.639
<v Speaker 2>something like that, I came out of the contract and

305
00:15:59.840 --> 00:16:04.440
<v Speaker 2>just releasing episode again. And then I'm in addition to

306
00:16:04.559 --> 00:16:08.399
<v Speaker 2>releasing new episodes, I'm regaining the rights to those episodes

307
00:16:08.440 --> 00:16:12.080
<v Speaker 2>and releasing those as well. So these days, the history

308
00:16:12.120 --> 00:16:16.559
<v Speaker 2>on fire feed is a mix of rerands, which realistically

309
00:16:16.759 --> 00:16:19.600
<v Speaker 2>only a tiny portion of my audience I've heard, so

310
00:16:19.799 --> 00:16:21.799
<v Speaker 2>for them it might as well be the first time

311
00:16:21.879 --> 00:16:25.879
<v Speaker 2>they hear it, and then new content, and so that's

312
00:16:26.000 --> 00:16:28.679
<v Speaker 2>kind of what I've been doing with eastery on fire.

313
00:16:28.799 --> 00:16:30.679
<v Speaker 1>Well. I really like the one that you, I think

314
00:16:30.919 --> 00:16:33.200
<v Speaker 1>just put out the first part of a rerun of

315
00:16:33.440 --> 00:16:36.759
<v Speaker 1>a story that it's just a great story of itself

316
00:16:37.399 --> 00:16:41.200
<v Speaker 1>about the free state of Fume under Gabrielle de Nuncio,

317
00:16:41.360 --> 00:16:46.200
<v Speaker 1>the ultimate warrior poet who apparently because I actually had

318
00:16:46.240 --> 00:16:51.399
<v Speaker 1>to read about him for my class in grad school,

319
00:16:51.519 --> 00:16:56.320
<v Speaker 1>and Danielle can tell you that I was basically live

320
00:16:56.679 --> 00:16:59.759
<v Speaker 1>texting him as I was reading it, being like, who

321
00:16:59.799 --> 00:17:02.000
<v Speaker 1>does this author? They think she is calling him a

322
00:17:02.039 --> 00:17:05.799
<v Speaker 1>proto fashions? It's not that, but to her credit, I'm

323
00:17:05.960 --> 00:17:07.119
<v Speaker 1>like it on her name, but that's okay.

324
00:17:07.640 --> 00:17:09.079
<v Speaker 2>She was not saying that.

325
00:17:09.279 --> 00:17:11.839
<v Speaker 1>She was actually saying it's too simplistic to say that

326
00:17:11.920 --> 00:17:14.960
<v Speaker 1>the Nunzio was this early version of fascism, but we

327
00:17:15.039 --> 00:17:19.799
<v Speaker 1>can't pretend that he didn't have an influence absolutely. Benita

328
00:17:19.880 --> 00:17:23.519
<v Speaker 1>Mussolini did a sort of cheap cover band version.

329
00:17:23.319 --> 00:17:28.279
<v Speaker 2>Of pretty much a rock star. So Maussolini was like,

330
00:17:28.359 --> 00:17:31.039
<v Speaker 2>I want to look cool like him, and so Pulpy.

331
00:17:33.079 --> 00:17:35.000
<v Speaker 1>Exactly. Yeah, so you have part two of that coming

332
00:17:35.079 --> 00:17:37.519
<v Speaker 1>out soon, I believe. But and actually what we're going

333
00:17:37.599 --> 00:17:40.279
<v Speaker 1>to mostly focus on today is another rerun that you did,

334
00:17:41.000 --> 00:17:42.720
<v Speaker 1>but you've also been doing the new episodes. Like keeve

335
00:17:42.759 --> 00:17:46.319
<v Speaker 1>been saying, I particularly enjoyed the Genpay War that you

336
00:17:46.400 --> 00:17:48.920
<v Speaker 1>did WITS in a way. It's kind of a prequel

337
00:17:48.960 --> 00:17:51.920
<v Speaker 1>to Ghost of Sushima. Funny enough timeline wise at least.

338
00:17:52.759 --> 00:17:55.039
<v Speaker 1>But yeah, there there's a lot of other good ones

339
00:17:55.079 --> 00:17:58.559
<v Speaker 1>out there that you did. I really recommend people who

340
00:17:58.559 --> 00:18:01.799
<v Speaker 1>if they haven't listened to it, check out the insanely

341
00:18:01.880 --> 00:18:07.400
<v Speaker 1>brutal two parter you did about the death squads down

342
00:18:07.680 --> 00:18:09.400
<v Speaker 1>in Salvador.

343
00:18:09.480 --> 00:18:09.640
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

344
00:18:09.640 --> 00:18:11.960
<v Speaker 1>That's pretty rough, Yes, but you do hear about a

345
00:18:12.119 --> 00:18:15.480
<v Speaker 1>very saintly figure in the first episode, which is pretty amazing.

346
00:18:15.519 --> 00:18:16.839
<v Speaker 1>I don't want to spoil too much of it, but

347
00:18:17.880 --> 00:18:20.839
<v Speaker 1>Oscar Romero. Yeah, and it's it's a very good story

348
00:18:20.960 --> 00:18:25.160
<v Speaker 1>because it reveals that the effects of I guess we

349
00:18:25.200 --> 00:18:28.640
<v Speaker 1>could just broadly say American imperialism doesn't really matter who's empowered. No,

350
00:18:29.079 --> 00:18:32.960
<v Speaker 1>not at all because the essentibly nicest ex president that

351
00:18:33.039 --> 00:18:35.480
<v Speaker 1>we've ever had, at least in our lifetimes. Yeah, Jimmy

352
00:18:35.519 --> 00:18:39.279
<v Speaker 1>Carter h just as complicit as Ron Reagan in a

353
00:18:39.319 --> 00:18:39.920
<v Speaker 1>lot of ways.

354
00:18:40.319 --> 00:18:44.079
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's always said there's a difference between evil and

355
00:18:44.279 --> 00:18:47.200
<v Speaker 2>evil to the tenth power, you know, noise like Carter

356
00:18:47.480 --> 00:18:50.440
<v Speaker 2>was bad in that regard, and Regan of course was

357
00:18:50.480 --> 00:18:52.880
<v Speaker 2>one hundred times wars. Yeah, you know, so it's kind

358
00:18:52.920 --> 00:18:55.720
<v Speaker 2>of like it's not that there are yeah, that there's

359
00:18:55.799 --> 00:18:58.559
<v Speaker 2>a good US foreign policy there, they're just a bad

360
00:18:58.720 --> 00:19:00.920
<v Speaker 2>US foreign policy. You're a horrible uant.

361
00:19:01.240 --> 00:19:01.400
<v Speaker 3>Right.

362
00:19:02.000 --> 00:19:04.240
<v Speaker 1>For a bit, I had this thought, and I think

363
00:19:04.279 --> 00:19:06.119
<v Speaker 1>we might have talked about this at one point where

364
00:19:06.119 --> 00:19:08.680
<v Speaker 1>I was thinking like, okay, so the fact that Carter

365
00:19:08.839 --> 00:19:10.680
<v Speaker 1>was more of a hypocrite is what rubs me the

366
00:19:10.720 --> 00:19:12.839
<v Speaker 1>wrong way about it. But then it makes me think

367
00:19:12.880 --> 00:19:15.559
<v Speaker 1>of the very classic moment Norm MacDonald had where he

368
00:19:15.720 --> 00:19:18.960
<v Speaker 1>was in the car with Jerry Seinfeld doing that show

369
00:19:19.519 --> 00:19:21.759
<v Speaker 1>and he was saying, well, you know, I'm not heard

370
00:19:21.799 --> 00:19:25.400
<v Speaker 1>Patton Oswald say that the worst thing about the revelations

371
00:19:25.400 --> 00:19:28.799
<v Speaker 1>about Bill Cosby was the hypocrisy. I thought it was

372
00:19:28.880 --> 00:19:33.279
<v Speaker 1>the rape eat exactly. Yeah, So yeah, at the end

373
00:19:33.279 --> 00:19:35.160
<v Speaker 1>of the day, I think it just matters what's bad.

374
00:19:35.359 --> 00:19:38.160
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, exactly, yeah yeah, yeah.

375
00:19:38.680 --> 00:19:41.440
<v Speaker 1>So yeah that as brutal as that story is, I

376
00:19:41.480 --> 00:19:44.240
<v Speaker 1>think it's a very good story for people to learn about,

377
00:19:44.440 --> 00:19:48.359
<v Speaker 1>to learn about in only a tiny corner of I mean,

378
00:19:48.440 --> 00:19:51.240
<v Speaker 1>it's just a tiny example of like the horrible things

379
00:19:51.279 --> 00:19:54.519
<v Speaker 1>that have happened in Latin America essentially on our watch

380
00:19:54.759 --> 00:19:56.839
<v Speaker 1>or due to our support, Yeah, which has been going

381
00:19:56.880 --> 00:19:59.599
<v Speaker 1>on for over one hundred years, as people will have

382
00:19:59.680 --> 00:20:02.000
<v Speaker 1>problemrobably no doubt read or heard on my own podcast.

383
00:20:02.079 --> 00:20:03.680
<v Speaker 1>I'm going to be doing the thing about the Banana

384
00:20:03.759 --> 00:20:08.000
<v Speaker 1>Wars suit and Smedley Butler, who was affected by those but.

385
00:20:08.279 --> 00:20:10.000
<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, I'm pretty too sure. I'm going to do

386
00:20:11.839 --> 00:20:15.160
<v Speaker 2>both him as a character and also Guatemala, which is

387
00:20:15.240 --> 00:20:17.640
<v Speaker 2>at the center off That's.

388
00:20:17.640 --> 00:20:20.960
<v Speaker 1>Right, Well, he was, he was everywhere. That's the thing

389
00:20:21.000 --> 00:20:21.720
<v Speaker 1>about Butler.

390
00:20:21.599 --> 00:20:27.599
<v Speaker 2>He was in fact, that's about him specifically, and one

391
00:20:27.680 --> 00:20:31.039
<v Speaker 2>about the Queen Guatemala in Yet fifty three, Yes, because

392
00:20:31.079 --> 00:20:33.079
<v Speaker 2>that was the Yeah, well that is also connected to

393
00:20:33.160 --> 00:20:35.799
<v Speaker 2>the rise of globalization with with the United Fruit.

394
00:20:35.880 --> 00:20:37.880
<v Speaker 1>I mean, that's a whole other, very interesting.

395
00:20:38.039 --> 00:20:39.279
<v Speaker 2>Rabbit hole to go down.

396
00:20:40.160 --> 00:20:43.079
<v Speaker 1>Actually, I found. I am gonna pat myself on the back.

397
00:20:43.160 --> 00:20:46.720
<v Speaker 1>I'm really good at transitions, because here's a transition. Smedley

398
00:20:46.759 --> 00:20:49.759
<v Speaker 1>Butler was not only stationed all over Central America, he

399
00:20:49.920 --> 00:20:52.599
<v Speaker 1>was stationed in China during the Boxer Rebellion, which is

400
00:20:52.640 --> 00:20:54.079
<v Speaker 1>not we're gonna be talking about, but we're gonna be

401
00:20:54.079 --> 00:20:56.640
<v Speaker 1>talking about what led up to the Boxer Rebellion, which

402
00:20:56.720 --> 00:21:00.720
<v Speaker 1>is something that you talked about in an epic three

403
00:21:00.799 --> 00:21:03.519
<v Speaker 1>part series. You did that, like I said, recently got

404
00:21:04.240 --> 00:21:08.680
<v Speaker 1>the rerun treatment that I really recommend people go listen to.

405
00:21:08.960 --> 00:21:12.200
<v Speaker 1>And it actually something that I've talked about before too. Coincidentally,

406
00:21:12.240 --> 00:21:14.119
<v Speaker 1>around the same time you were doing this series, I

407
00:21:14.240 --> 00:21:18.319
<v Speaker 1>talked about the Mercenary Frederick Townsend Ward. We fought in

408
00:21:18.920 --> 00:21:24.119
<v Speaker 1>this event known as a Taiping Rebellion, which I think

409
00:21:24.160 --> 00:21:26.039
<v Speaker 1>the best way to just like give the short version

410
00:21:26.279 --> 00:21:28.759
<v Speaker 1>for it is just to say, most destructive war in

411
00:21:28.839 --> 00:21:32.000
<v Speaker 1>human history besides World War Two. Yeah, possibly more, depending

412
00:21:32.039 --> 00:21:33.279
<v Speaker 1>on how you're measuring things.

413
00:21:33.759 --> 00:21:35.720
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, at least twenty million.

414
00:21:35.519 --> 00:21:36.759
<v Speaker 1>The very least.

415
00:21:37.000 --> 00:21:40.400
<v Speaker 2>And again yeah, part of the elevator pitch would be

416
00:21:40.960 --> 00:21:45.079
<v Speaker 2>what if Jim Jones of Jonestown fame, you know, don

417
00:21:45.160 --> 00:21:48.720
<v Speaker 2>drink Lakoule that Jim Jones. What if Jim Jones was

418
00:21:48.799 --> 00:21:51.599
<v Speaker 2>at the head of an army of a million people. Yeah,

419
00:21:52.000 --> 00:21:54.880
<v Speaker 2>that's more or less. What happens with the Typing Rebellion

420
00:21:54.920 --> 00:21:59.640
<v Speaker 2>where our lead character we starts the rebellion is just

421
00:22:00.160 --> 00:22:05.000
<v Speaker 2>shit crazy. He suffers from a nervous breakdown after failing

422
00:22:05.119 --> 00:22:08.480
<v Speaker 2>the Imperial Examination three different times, which was his way

423
00:22:08.640 --> 00:22:11.839
<v Speaker 2>to get out of poverty. And you know, there's an

424
00:22:11.920 --> 00:22:15.559
<v Speaker 2>incredibly high failure rate. It's a high stress situation.

425
00:22:17.480 --> 00:22:17.880
<v Speaker 1>Passage.

426
00:22:17.920 --> 00:22:20.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and you know he has this old village resources

427
00:22:21.359 --> 00:22:24.519
<v Speaker 2>in him to study to try to make it. They

428
00:22:25.200 --> 00:22:28.240
<v Speaker 2>they do all that, and he fails, and then he

429
00:22:28.359 --> 00:22:30.839
<v Speaker 2>does it another year and he fails, and he does

430
00:22:30.920 --> 00:22:33.720
<v Speaker 2>it a thirty year and he fails. And that's when

431
00:22:33.799 --> 00:22:36.880
<v Speaker 2>he really loses it. And at that point when he

432
00:22:37.000 --> 00:22:41.039
<v Speaker 2>loses it is where is where sings go really to

433
00:22:41.200 --> 00:22:45.039
<v Speaker 2>hell because you know he as he goes through this

434
00:22:45.599 --> 00:22:49.240
<v Speaker 2>major crisis, he spent a month in body alien and

435
00:22:49.319 --> 00:22:53.359
<v Speaker 2>screaming about fighting demons and things. When by the time

436
00:22:53.400 --> 00:22:55.480
<v Speaker 2>he comes back and he said, no, no, no, you guys,

437
00:22:55.559 --> 00:22:57.759
<v Speaker 2>the understand I wasn't crazy at all. It's just that

438
00:22:58.000 --> 00:23:00.519
<v Speaker 2>I met with my father God who told me that

439
00:23:00.640 --> 00:23:05.240
<v Speaker 2>I'm Jesus Chinese younger brother and that it's my duty

440
00:23:05.400 --> 00:23:09.000
<v Speaker 2>to read the China of all the demons, which incidental

441
00:23:09.119 --> 00:23:12.960
<v Speaker 2>involves starting a coup against the government. Yeah, which you know,

442
00:23:13.200 --> 00:23:17.799
<v Speaker 2>it's the premise is crazy guy screaming on the sidewalk,

443
00:23:18.359 --> 00:23:22.160
<v Speaker 2>except that through a series of random circumstances, I was

444
00:23:22.200 --> 00:23:24.519
<v Speaker 2>about to use the word of luck. It's probably not

445
00:23:24.759 --> 00:23:27.799
<v Speaker 2>exactly lucky for the twenty million people guy as a

446
00:23:27.880 --> 00:23:31.759
<v Speaker 2>result of this, but like, as a result of all that,

447
00:23:33.119 --> 00:23:36.160
<v Speaker 2>he does go from being the crazy guy screaming in

448
00:23:36.279 --> 00:23:39.200
<v Speaker 2>the corner to be instead being the head of this

449
00:23:39.559 --> 00:23:43.359
<v Speaker 2>huge movement that you know, he went pretty damn close

450
00:23:43.440 --> 00:23:46.960
<v Speaker 2>to be able to unseat the ruling dynasty and becoming emperor.

451
00:23:47.279 --> 00:23:48.680
<v Speaker 2>That's how crazy the story is.

452
00:23:48.759 --> 00:23:51.119
<v Speaker 1>The impression I got from both your work but also

453
00:23:51.160 --> 00:23:54.000
<v Speaker 1>just from reading about it myself was that it you

454
00:23:54.119 --> 00:23:56.559
<v Speaker 1>really were at the height of the heavenly kingdom as

455
00:23:56.640 --> 00:23:58.759
<v Speaker 1>was down. And also this man we're talking about, his

456
00:23:58.880 --> 00:24:03.279
<v Speaker 1>name was Hongsho Chuen, very hard name to pronounce. I think, Danielle,

457
00:24:03.400 --> 00:24:05.960
<v Speaker 1>you did a very good job, all things considered, pronouncing

458
00:24:06.000 --> 00:24:08.799
<v Speaker 1>those names, and you did thank my partner Molly for

459
00:24:08.839 --> 00:24:11.279
<v Speaker 1>the pronunciation guide, which I still have the MP three

460
00:24:11.319 --> 00:24:14.519
<v Speaker 1>of by the way, of course, But yes, it's uh.

461
00:24:15.039 --> 00:24:20.160
<v Speaker 1>Those names are notoriously difficult, obviously, but Hongsho Twin and

462
00:24:20.359 --> 00:24:24.559
<v Speaker 1>the Heavenly Kingdom they pretty much rivaled. They were like

463
00:24:24.640 --> 00:24:28.720
<v Speaker 1>a rival empire within an empire. It was I mean,

464
00:24:28.960 --> 00:24:30.680
<v Speaker 1>maybe not an empire, but a kingdom for sure.

465
00:24:31.000 --> 00:24:31.160
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

466
00:24:31.240 --> 00:24:33.759
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, but I know an empire because they spread, they

467
00:24:34.160 --> 00:24:37.079
<v Speaker 1>conquered territory, and they, as you said, they very easily

468
00:24:37.279 --> 00:24:42.000
<v Speaker 1>could have caused problems. I didn't make the case and

469
00:24:42.079 --> 00:24:46.240
<v Speaker 1>I still won't that the only reason the Qing dynasty,

470
00:24:46.359 --> 00:24:51.440
<v Speaker 1>who were running the show in in Beijing, they the

471
00:24:51.519 --> 00:24:53.279
<v Speaker 1>only I'm not gonna say the only reason they were

472
00:24:53.319 --> 00:24:55.160
<v Speaker 1>able to push them back was because of the help

473
00:24:55.200 --> 00:24:58.720
<v Speaker 1>of mercenaries like Ward. But Ward did help modernize their military,

474
00:24:58.839 --> 00:25:02.359
<v Speaker 1>so it played a major art. Sure, But yeah, it's

475
00:25:02.400 --> 00:25:06.359
<v Speaker 1>a I mean putting the focus on the Heavenly Kingdom. Yeah,

476
00:25:07.240 --> 00:25:12.119
<v Speaker 1>and the typing rebellion for that matter, is very important

477
00:25:12.480 --> 00:25:15.920
<v Speaker 1>to what I've been thinking about lately, because it, at

478
00:25:15.960 --> 00:25:18.079
<v Speaker 1>the end of the day, is something that I think

479
00:25:18.119 --> 00:25:20.359
<v Speaker 1>a lot of people don't appreciate. Those few who do

480
00:25:20.559 --> 00:25:23.480
<v Speaker 1>know about the Typing rebellion is that that was the

481
00:25:23.599 --> 00:25:27.319
<v Speaker 1>birth of another Protestant sect of Christianity. That's because it's

482
00:25:27.319 --> 00:25:28.519
<v Speaker 1>that's how it started.

483
00:25:29.160 --> 00:25:32.480
<v Speaker 2>And yeah, exactly, I should have specified my quick summary.

484
00:25:32.680 --> 00:25:34.279
<v Speaker 1>Well, no, the quick summary was. I was going to

485
00:25:34.279 --> 00:25:36.000
<v Speaker 1>actually ask you about that as my first question, but

486
00:25:36.079 --> 00:25:38.079
<v Speaker 1>you gave a great elevator pitch as you said.

487
00:25:38.160 --> 00:25:40.440
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I think part of what happens is that as

488
00:25:40.519 --> 00:25:42.359
<v Speaker 2>he is on his way to take the exam for

489
00:25:42.440 --> 00:25:46.640
<v Speaker 2>the third time, he rans into some Protestant missionaries in China.

490
00:25:47.039 --> 00:25:50.640
<v Speaker 2>Handy my booklet about this is the Truth about the

491
00:25:50.720 --> 00:25:53.240
<v Speaker 2>Gospels and stuff. He puts it in his pocket, doesn't

492
00:25:53.240 --> 00:25:56.519
<v Speaker 2>really care take the exam, fails, flip out, But in

493
00:25:56.640 --> 00:26:01.000
<v Speaker 2>the reading of the booklet is where he starts pinning

494
00:26:01.160 --> 00:26:03.839
<v Speaker 2>the whole. That's why he believes he is Jesus younger brother.

495
00:26:04.079 --> 00:26:07.480
<v Speaker 2>He takes what these guys were trying to convert him

496
00:26:07.519 --> 00:26:12.519
<v Speaker 2>to and mixes it with his own insanity and reviews

497
00:26:12.599 --> 00:26:16.480
<v Speaker 2>religious beliefs in coming up with these Uh, you know,

498
00:26:16.599 --> 00:26:21.160
<v Speaker 2>the typing were hardcore religious fanatics. Oh yes, and and

499
00:26:21.480 --> 00:26:25.799
<v Speaker 2>they were based on I mean, it's funny because many

500
00:26:26.200 --> 00:26:29.640
<v Speaker 2>early Christians at the time they were cheering for the typing.

501
00:26:29.960 --> 00:26:32.559
<v Speaker 2>So you're like, these guys are Christians like us, Well,

502
00:26:32.720 --> 00:26:35.240
<v Speaker 2>not quite like us. They believe some weird shit, but

503
00:26:35.400 --> 00:26:35.960
<v Speaker 2>close enough.

504
00:26:36.039 --> 00:26:37.559
<v Speaker 1>If you look at if you look at how people

505
00:26:37.599 --> 00:26:40.880
<v Speaker 1>in the United States, like people within these church communities

506
00:26:40.960 --> 00:26:44.160
<v Speaker 1>like responding to the news. As far as they were concerned,

507
00:26:44.519 --> 00:26:46.680
<v Speaker 1>this is just this is what they.

508
00:26:46.599 --> 00:26:47.440
<v Speaker 2>Were always hoping for.

509
00:26:47.559 --> 00:26:50.440
<v Speaker 1>Of course, the Heathens in China and the orient are

510
00:26:50.519 --> 00:26:53.759
<v Speaker 1>becoming like us, exact Christian Well about.

511
00:26:53.480 --> 00:26:58.720
<v Speaker 2>That, yeah, they work out that great? But yeah, yeah, well,

512
00:26:58.759 --> 00:26:59.119
<v Speaker 2>I mean.

513
00:26:59.079 --> 00:27:01.720
<v Speaker 1>I kin'd want to get the sort of core of

514
00:27:02.680 --> 00:27:05.160
<v Speaker 1>the context. I guess that surrounded a lot of these things,

515
00:27:05.200 --> 00:27:07.200
<v Speaker 1>And a theme that I think came up a lot

516
00:27:07.279 --> 00:27:10.160
<v Speaker 1>when you first started discussing the context was the theme

517
00:27:10.319 --> 00:27:13.400
<v Speaker 1>of to bring it back again to this word imperialism,

518
00:27:14.319 --> 00:27:18.720
<v Speaker 1>because at that time, the people who resonated most with

519
00:27:19.440 --> 00:27:25.160
<v Speaker 1>Hongshu Twin's preaching and its following followers, they were essentially

520
00:27:25.720 --> 00:27:29.599
<v Speaker 1>oppressed from multiple directions. We could say, the more obvious

521
00:27:29.720 --> 00:27:33.400
<v Speaker 1>one I think would be Queen Victoria and the British

522
00:27:33.400 --> 00:27:36.880
<v Speaker 1>Empire and what ultimately came to be known as the

523
00:27:36.960 --> 00:27:38.839
<v Speaker 1>Opium War. Yes, do you want to give a quick

524
00:27:38.920 --> 00:27:42.240
<v Speaker 1>sort of rundown of all that and Queen Victoria's habits

525
00:27:42.279 --> 00:27:43.039
<v Speaker 1>if you remember them.

526
00:27:43.440 --> 00:27:46.200
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean it's nuts, because yeah, in many ways,

527
00:27:46.279 --> 00:27:49.440
<v Speaker 2>part of what weakens the Chinese dynasty to the point

528
00:27:49.480 --> 00:27:52.079
<v Speaker 2>that it makes it easier for something like the Typing

529
00:27:52.160 --> 00:27:56.279
<v Speaker 2>Rebellion to take place ed being the process of the

530
00:27:56.359 --> 00:27:59.759
<v Speaker 2>opium Wars, and you know that's kind of infecting the

531
00:27:59.799 --> 00:28:03.039
<v Speaker 2>first first episode. I did a trilogy on this topic,

532
00:28:03.079 --> 00:28:05.599
<v Speaker 2>and the first episode is really all background in a way,

533
00:28:06.480 --> 00:28:10.039
<v Speaker 2>and the huge comparty is the opium War, because I mean,

534
00:28:10.119 --> 00:28:12.160
<v Speaker 2>the opm War is one of the stories that's so

535
00:28:12.759 --> 00:28:16.359
<v Speaker 2>insane that it's only slightly less insane because we put

536
00:28:16.440 --> 00:28:20.160
<v Speaker 2>it right next to Taiping, which is even worse. But otherwise,

537
00:28:20.279 --> 00:28:23.559
<v Speaker 2>the idea that you have a private company, the East

538
00:28:23.640 --> 00:28:27.839
<v Speaker 2>India Company, that is essentially running a state in India.

539
00:28:27.920 --> 00:28:32.160
<v Speaker 2>It's it's own private state, and they start going to

540
00:28:32.359 --> 00:28:36.000
<v Speaker 2>China selling a bunch of opium. When China is like, hey,

541
00:28:36.079 --> 00:28:38.559
<v Speaker 2>this is a public health crisis for us, We're going

542
00:28:38.640 --> 00:28:42.440
<v Speaker 2>to ban opium trade. The Indian companies say, no, you don't.

543
00:28:42.640 --> 00:28:45.200
<v Speaker 2>You don't mess with our trade, and they use the

544
00:28:45.319 --> 00:28:49.359
<v Speaker 2>muscle of the British Empire to essentially force China after

545
00:28:49.480 --> 00:28:52.440
<v Speaker 2>a war to buy a bunch of opium and just

546
00:28:52.559 --> 00:28:55.640
<v Speaker 2>be flooded with opium. I mean, think about it today,

547
00:28:55.720 --> 00:28:58.559
<v Speaker 2>like if a nation wants to have certain drug laws

548
00:28:58.640 --> 00:29:00.839
<v Speaker 2>and they think, you know, it's not good for us

549
00:29:00.960 --> 00:29:05.480
<v Speaker 2>to have a ton of whatever drug may be in

550
00:29:05.599 --> 00:29:08.839
<v Speaker 2>the country, so we outlaw it, and some other countries

551
00:29:08.920 --> 00:29:11.759
<v Speaker 2>shows up, goes to war with them, beat their ass,

552
00:29:11.880 --> 00:29:14.640
<v Speaker 2>and then goes like, you're gonna buy our drugs or else.

553
00:29:15.240 --> 00:29:18.039
<v Speaker 1>I mean, one could make that parallel, or that one

554
00:29:18.079 --> 00:29:21.240
<v Speaker 1>could make a fear mongering parallel and say China's kind

555
00:29:21.240 --> 00:29:26.119
<v Speaker 1>of getting its revenge rights ex exactly. And if if

556
00:29:26.279 --> 00:29:28.359
<v Speaker 1>we would never do this because there's too much value

557
00:29:28.400 --> 00:29:31.400
<v Speaker 1>in painkillers here. But let's just say that the United

558
00:29:31.440 --> 00:29:35.440
<v Speaker 1>States banned opiate based painkillers. Again, I can't imagine that

559
00:29:35.559 --> 00:29:38.359
<v Speaker 1>were happening, but let's just say we did. And then

560
00:29:38.440 --> 00:29:40.920
<v Speaker 1>China comes in and says you're not doing that.

561
00:29:41.319 --> 00:29:43.799
<v Speaker 2>It goes to war with the US, and.

562
00:29:43.839 --> 00:29:46.799
<v Speaker 1>Then and then at the end they own Catalina Island

563
00:29:47.039 --> 00:29:49.680
<v Speaker 1>and Los Angeles. It's sort of because the British Empire

564
00:29:49.759 --> 00:29:52.799
<v Speaker 1>got Hong Kong absolute and uh, you know, so, yeah,

565
00:29:52.960 --> 00:29:55.480
<v Speaker 1>at the end of the day, the British Empire soundly

566
00:29:55.599 --> 00:29:59.480
<v Speaker 1>beat China and just completely humiliate that at that point.

567
00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:03.200
<v Speaker 1>But the thing is the other angle of imperialism that

568
00:30:03.240 --> 00:30:06.519
<v Speaker 1>I'm kind of like I can't not let go of

569
00:30:06.599 --> 00:30:08.920
<v Speaker 1>in a way, is one much more systemic at the time,

570
00:30:09.079 --> 00:30:13.440
<v Speaker 1>because technically, for people who don't know, China is something

571
00:30:13.519 --> 00:30:17.000
<v Speaker 1>like ninety five percent. Han is the ethnic group that's

572
00:30:18.079 --> 00:30:20.240
<v Speaker 1>not even a say a majority. Is like it feels

573
00:30:20.279 --> 00:30:23.240
<v Speaker 1>like an understatement of Chinese people are the Han. And

574
00:30:23.920 --> 00:30:27.759
<v Speaker 1>at this time the Qing dynasty, they were not Han.

575
00:30:27.920 --> 00:30:32.039
<v Speaker 1>They were in Manchu. They're from Manchuria. The Manchu were

576
00:30:32.119 --> 00:30:35.039
<v Speaker 1>basically as they were, sort of like a northern step people,

577
00:30:35.160 --> 00:30:37.680
<v Speaker 1>very similar to the Mongols in a way. They were

578
00:30:37.880 --> 00:30:42.119
<v Speaker 1>essentially a foreign occupying force that were kind of able

579
00:30:42.200 --> 00:30:47.000
<v Speaker 1>to run roughshod over the majority Chinese population for about

580
00:30:47.079 --> 00:30:49.240
<v Speaker 1>three hundred and fifty years or so. They took over

581
00:30:49.279 --> 00:30:52.799
<v Speaker 1>in sixteen forty four of memory serves, and then they

582
00:30:52.839 --> 00:30:55.480
<v Speaker 1>were the ones who forced all Chinese men at least

583
00:30:55.480 --> 00:30:57.519
<v Speaker 1>to wear the q hairstyle, which is the hair on

584
00:30:57.559 --> 00:31:01.000
<v Speaker 1>the back of the head very long ponytail shaved everywhere else.

585
00:31:01.079 --> 00:31:05.200
<v Speaker 1>It's what was sort of American's first impression of Chinese men,

586
00:31:05.519 --> 00:31:08.759
<v Speaker 1>especially in uh, you know, California. They all look like

587
00:31:08.839 --> 00:31:11.759
<v Speaker 1>that because of the ching dinosaurs. So you have this

588
00:31:11.960 --> 00:31:16.359
<v Speaker 1>sort of like internal imperialism already going on, coupled with

589
00:31:16.599 --> 00:31:21.039
<v Speaker 1>this weakening of that imperialistic state by another empire.

590
00:31:21.240 --> 00:31:23.880
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, because that's the problem, right, just like these guys.

591
00:31:24.000 --> 00:31:27.279
<v Speaker 2>You don't like them because they are the foreign occupiers

592
00:31:27.319 --> 00:31:29.240
<v Speaker 2>if you are Han Chinese, but you put up with

593
00:31:29.359 --> 00:31:32.240
<v Speaker 2>them because at least they can defend you and they

594
00:31:32.319 --> 00:31:34.960
<v Speaker 2>can't exactly. So it's like, wait, why are you empire again?

595
00:31:35.039 --> 00:31:36.960
<v Speaker 1>So you're humiliating us, You're telling us what to do,

596
00:31:37.319 --> 00:31:40.119
<v Speaker 1>and if we step out of line, then you know

597
00:31:40.200 --> 00:31:43.319
<v Speaker 1>we're going to face consequences of any kind of any sort.

598
00:31:43.960 --> 00:31:47.640
<v Speaker 1>And now we're watching you get taken down a pat

599
00:31:48.200 --> 00:31:52.079
<v Speaker 1>or three, and yeah, that's going to cause some problems.

600
00:31:52.119 --> 00:31:57.880
<v Speaker 1>And you mentioned earlier the imperial exams that in my mind,

601
00:31:57.920 --> 00:31:59.160
<v Speaker 1>and I want to know what you think about this,

602
00:32:00.119 --> 00:32:05.240
<v Speaker 1>that was the best method of social control created by

603
00:32:05.279 --> 00:32:07.319
<v Speaker 1>an occupying force every and I should actually let me

604
00:32:07.319 --> 00:32:09.359
<v Speaker 1>phrase it differently, because they weren't created by the chain

605
00:32:09.799 --> 00:32:12.519
<v Speaker 1>they I believe they started in the previous dynasty, the

606
00:32:12.599 --> 00:32:15.079
<v Speaker 1>Ming dynasty. I might be wrong on that, but the

607
00:32:15.279 --> 00:32:19.640
<v Speaker 1>Ching made use of the examination systems, which, like we

608
00:32:19.720 --> 00:32:23.279
<v Speaker 1>were saying, one percent acceptance rate as a form of

609
00:32:23.359 --> 00:32:26.079
<v Speaker 1>social control, because you could never advance past like a

610
00:32:26.160 --> 00:32:29.319
<v Speaker 1>local level without passing these exams. And it just seems

611
00:32:29.359 --> 00:32:33.160
<v Speaker 1>to me that whether or I don't even really necessarily

612
00:32:33.160 --> 00:32:35.759
<v Speaker 1>think that these exams necessarily mattered all that much. But

613
00:32:35.880 --> 00:32:37.759
<v Speaker 1>at the same time, it's kind of win win because

614
00:32:37.759 --> 00:32:40.039
<v Speaker 1>if you are so good at them that you've memorized

615
00:32:40.039 --> 00:32:43.400
<v Speaker 1>all this stuff that you were basically bought into the

616
00:32:43.480 --> 00:32:47.680
<v Speaker 1>system that they have maintained with these exams, so you're

617
00:32:47.680 --> 00:32:49.920
<v Speaker 1>already going to be a loyal servant. But if you

618
00:32:49.960 --> 00:32:53.440
<v Speaker 1>don't pass them, then you remain, you know, crushed under

619
00:32:53.440 --> 00:32:55.400
<v Speaker 1>the boots. You're not going to get any anywhere, and

620
00:32:55.880 --> 00:32:58.720
<v Speaker 1>therefore they maintain their power. Does that seem like a

621
00:32:58.799 --> 00:33:01.359
<v Speaker 1>reasonable explanation for how they were running things.

622
00:33:01.440 --> 00:33:04.720
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, And of course that puts tremendous pressure because

623
00:33:04.759 --> 00:33:08.640
<v Speaker 2>that was your way out of poverty. And again, one

624
00:33:08.680 --> 00:33:11.440
<v Speaker 2>percent success rates so not exactly a way of of

625
00:33:11.559 --> 00:33:15.240
<v Speaker 2>poverty that was available to most people. So yeah, talk

626
00:33:15.279 --> 00:33:19.079
<v Speaker 2>about but yeah, I think I consider the Typing rebellion

627
00:33:19.240 --> 00:33:24.480
<v Speaker 2>the most uh, the deadliest f yeh the history of education,

628
00:33:24.759 --> 00:33:28.240
<v Speaker 2>because it's like talk about an F that you know,

629
00:33:28.519 --> 00:33:31.359
<v Speaker 2>somebody got an F. They are said, whatever, this guy

630
00:33:31.400 --> 00:33:34.000
<v Speaker 2>gets an F and twenty million people die pretty much.

631
00:33:34.039 --> 00:33:36.200
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, yeah, it's it's sort of the meme about

632
00:33:36.240 --> 00:33:37.119
<v Speaker 1>Hitler and art school.

633
00:33:37.200 --> 00:33:39.079
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, exactly, yeah, exactly, Yeah.

634
00:33:39.039 --> 00:33:42.000
<v Speaker 1>It's funny. Yeah, I mean, I one has to wonder

635
00:33:42.079 --> 00:33:43.839
<v Speaker 1>if that would have been enough for him. I don't know.

636
00:33:44.039 --> 00:33:46.480
<v Speaker 1>I mean that that kind of does get into something though,

637
00:33:46.519 --> 00:33:49.960
<v Speaker 1>because I did want and you mentioned poverty, because hang

638
00:33:50.359 --> 00:33:52.759
<v Speaker 1>he also should know he was not Han either. He

639
00:33:52.920 --> 00:33:56.400
<v Speaker 1>was a Hakka, which is another ethnic minority in China,

640
00:33:56.480 --> 00:33:59.119
<v Speaker 1>which there's so there's over fifty, I believe, and that's

641
00:33:59.160 --> 00:33:59.519
<v Speaker 1>where a.

642
00:33:59.720 --> 00:34:02.400
<v Speaker 2>Law of his power came from. Was from a bunch

643
00:34:02.480 --> 00:34:06.039
<v Speaker 2>of Hakka were heavily discriminated against, and so this guy

644
00:34:06.240 --> 00:34:08.679
<v Speaker 2>was providing at least as insane as he was, as

645
00:34:08.679 --> 00:34:11.519
<v Speaker 2>a more cohesive message of and also a unity of

646
00:34:11.639 --> 00:34:15.079
<v Speaker 2>protection for other Hakka people. Exactly, a ton of Hakka

647
00:34:15.199 --> 00:34:20.199
<v Speaker 2>flattered to him because they were because it offers some

648
00:34:20.480 --> 00:34:22.280
<v Speaker 2>chance to defend themselves.

649
00:34:22.559 --> 00:34:22.679
<v Speaker 3>Right.

650
00:34:23.159 --> 00:34:26.360
<v Speaker 2>So that's that's one of the factors from which you

651
00:34:26.480 --> 00:34:29.199
<v Speaker 2>go from crazy guy on the street corner to an

652
00:34:29.280 --> 00:34:33.119
<v Speaker 2>actually serious threat to the empire was because of an

653
00:34:33.159 --> 00:34:34.920
<v Speaker 2>ethnic component in this story.

654
00:34:35.039 --> 00:34:37.679
<v Speaker 1>One hundred percent. Yeah, because like I think that when

655
00:34:37.719 --> 00:34:40.320
<v Speaker 1>you have and this gets into sort of the theme

656
00:34:40.480 --> 00:34:45.559
<v Speaker 1>of populism mixed with the theme of Christianity, especially Protestant Christianity,

657
00:34:45.599 --> 00:34:47.159
<v Speaker 1>so we can finally get into this a little bit.

658
00:34:47.199 --> 00:34:51.559
<v Speaker 1>Because I think his poverty that he could say, I

659
00:34:51.840 --> 00:34:54.639
<v Speaker 1>understand to these people, even though he was speaking much

660
00:34:54.679 --> 00:34:58.039
<v Speaker 1>more high and mighty about God and the heavens and

661
00:34:58.079 --> 00:35:00.320
<v Speaker 1>all this stuff. He was able to relate to these

662
00:35:00.360 --> 00:35:01.960
<v Speaker 1>people because he spoke their language.

663
00:35:02.079 --> 00:35:03.239
<v Speaker 2>Literally, he was one of them.

664
00:35:03.480 --> 00:35:05.760
<v Speaker 1>He was one of them exactly. And I think at

665
00:35:05.800 --> 00:35:09.960
<v Speaker 1>the same time his poverty was significant for him as

666
00:35:10.039 --> 00:35:13.639
<v Speaker 1>a personal motivator because clearly he really wanted to get

667
00:35:13.679 --> 00:35:17.480
<v Speaker 1>out of where he of course circumstances. Four times he

668
00:35:17.599 --> 00:35:20.199
<v Speaker 1>took that quiz that no, he took it a fourth time,

669
00:35:20.239 --> 00:35:23.360
<v Speaker 1>I think he did, if I remember right. It was

670
00:35:23.440 --> 00:35:27.079
<v Speaker 1>really strange because he took it three times failed every

671
00:35:27.119 --> 00:35:31.119
<v Speaker 1>single time, had his nervous breakdown and time, and then

672
00:35:31.199 --> 00:35:33.639
<v Speaker 1>after his breakdown and visions. He still tried again.

673
00:35:33.840 --> 00:35:34.679
<v Speaker 2>It's interesting.

674
00:35:34.840 --> 00:35:37.840
<v Speaker 1>So it says to me that he wasn't fully like

675
00:35:38.599 --> 00:35:41.679
<v Speaker 1>in on things yet, but he clearly had come out

676
00:35:41.719 --> 00:35:42.239
<v Speaker 1>of that a change.

677
00:35:42.280 --> 00:35:45.239
<v Speaker 2>I'm supposed to defeat the demons rule in China. However,

678
00:35:45.280 --> 00:35:46.920
<v Speaker 2>if I do pass Nick Sam, maybe not.

679
00:35:47.159 --> 00:35:47.320
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

680
00:35:47.360 --> 00:35:49.280
<v Speaker 1>Well, I think it was at that moment there was

681
00:35:49.320 --> 00:35:52.239
<v Speaker 1>something conflicting with him, and we're never going to necessarily

682
00:35:52.320 --> 00:35:54.719
<v Speaker 1>know what that was. But it's very interesting to think

683
00:35:54.719 --> 00:35:57.039
<v Speaker 1>about how. Let me put it this way. I don't

684
00:35:57.039 --> 00:35:58.840
<v Speaker 1>think it was a grift, right, and somebody I wanted

685
00:35:58.840 --> 00:36:01.519
<v Speaker 1>to get into a little bit, because it seems like

686
00:36:02.119 --> 00:36:06.679
<v Speaker 1>he really did truly believe what he was saying or

687
00:36:06.760 --> 00:36:11.559
<v Speaker 1>what he was thinking, or perhaps he saw the taking

688
00:36:11.599 --> 00:36:13.920
<v Speaker 1>the test one more time as like a final test,

689
00:36:14.039 --> 00:36:16.719
<v Speaker 1>like let me see if this vision I had actually

690
00:36:17.480 --> 00:36:19.960
<v Speaker 1>was anything, and if I fail, it was and if

691
00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:21.320
<v Speaker 1>I don't, then it was.

692
00:36:21.440 --> 00:36:23.920
<v Speaker 2>Just a And that's Alrey gots tricky about the grief

693
00:36:24.400 --> 00:36:28.280
<v Speaker 2>versus true believers part because like, for example, at one point,

694
00:36:28.880 --> 00:36:33.280
<v Speaker 2>Hunk makes a gigantic mistake where he gets some other

695
00:36:33.480 --> 00:36:37.000
<v Speaker 2>guy who joins the movement. He proclaims it has the

696
00:36:37.159 --> 00:36:41.480
<v Speaker 2>voice of God. Right, So that he's inferior to him

697
00:36:41.840 --> 00:36:45.159
<v Speaker 2>when he's just the regular this guy. But when he's

698
00:36:45.280 --> 00:36:48.280
<v Speaker 2>channeling God, of course, now you are above because you

699
00:36:48.360 --> 00:36:51.679
<v Speaker 2>are God's son versus this guy is God. So he

700
00:36:52.320 --> 00:36:54.320
<v Speaker 2>you know, he's shooting himself in the foot because he's

701
00:36:54.360 --> 00:36:58.039
<v Speaker 2>creating an obvious competitor for who's the top dog. And

702
00:36:58.280 --> 00:37:02.559
<v Speaker 2>after saying that this guy, wheny channel City's truly God's

703
00:37:02.679 --> 00:37:07.639
<v Speaker 2>voice speaking, he eventually because of obvious competition, and that's

704
00:37:07.679 --> 00:37:09.920
<v Speaker 2>placing a heat on this guy, and that hing whacked

705
00:37:10.480 --> 00:37:14.079
<v Speaker 2>in where we have literally we have Jesus younger brother

706
00:37:14.159 --> 00:37:17.039
<v Speaker 2>are putting a heat on the voice of God, which

707
00:37:17.400 --> 00:37:20.119
<v Speaker 2>is a great story right there. So it's like then

708
00:37:20.159 --> 00:37:21.920
<v Speaker 2>you don't really believe it, you know what I mean,

709
00:37:22.079 --> 00:37:23.920
<v Speaker 2>But then you kind of do. So it's like it's

710
00:37:23.960 --> 00:37:27.880
<v Speaker 2>a selective I believe it. I'm a true believer versus no,

711
00:37:28.239 --> 00:37:29.360
<v Speaker 2>just a straight up grief.

712
00:37:29.679 --> 00:37:31.239
<v Speaker 1>Well, and that's the thing that I think is interesting

713
00:37:31.280 --> 00:37:33.239
<v Speaker 1>about it is because I think that he was aware

714
00:37:33.360 --> 00:37:38.440
<v Speaker 1>at some level of like of like what he was channeling,

715
00:37:38.760 --> 00:37:40.519
<v Speaker 1>Like he was aware of the appeal, he was aware

716
00:37:40.519 --> 00:37:43.239
<v Speaker 1>of the earthly appeal, he was aware of the social

717
00:37:43.320 --> 00:37:47.320
<v Speaker 1>norm that you spoke about where where. He essentially tried

718
00:37:47.360 --> 00:37:51.360
<v Speaker 1>to make it a like a discovered knowledge kind of aspect,

719
00:37:51.400 --> 00:37:52.760
<v Speaker 1>which I want to look back to in a minute.

720
00:37:52.800 --> 00:37:56.199
<v Speaker 1>But I just I just I find it really interesting

721
00:37:56.239 --> 00:38:01.800
<v Speaker 1>though about his sincerity of his visions, because I guess

722
00:38:01.920 --> 00:38:05.280
<v Speaker 1>I have made the mistake of thinking that figures like

723
00:38:05.360 --> 00:38:09.800
<v Speaker 1>hung can only be crazy or only be grifters. Yea,

724
00:38:09.840 --> 00:38:11.800
<v Speaker 1>And I don't think it's like I actually don't think it's.

725
00:38:11.760 --> 00:38:12.840
<v Speaker 2>No exactly, it's a mix.

726
00:38:13.000 --> 00:38:15.280
<v Speaker 1>It's yeah, what's not even a mix it to something else.

727
00:38:15.440 --> 00:38:16.599
<v Speaker 2>Well, it's going to come off.

728
00:38:16.440 --> 00:38:19.320
<v Speaker 1>As crazy or grift based on the behavior, but within

729
00:38:19.440 --> 00:38:22.559
<v Speaker 1>their mind it's I think they don't see a distinction.

730
00:38:22.880 --> 00:38:25.159
<v Speaker 2>It's kind of like Jim Jones, you know, where he

731
00:38:25.360 --> 00:38:29.039
<v Speaker 2>did clearly he knew where, he set up a fake

732
00:38:29.119 --> 00:38:32.800
<v Speaker 2>assassination against him, He made up all this shit that

733
00:38:32.960 --> 00:38:35.920
<v Speaker 2>he must have known that what he was doing, and

734
00:38:36.079 --> 00:38:38.559
<v Speaker 2>yet he also probably believed in some of his own

735
00:38:38.599 --> 00:38:42.840
<v Speaker 2>weird bullshits. So it's like it's a weird mix of uh,

736
00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:47.440
<v Speaker 2>you know, tapping into your own supply while at the

737
00:38:47.480 --> 00:38:51.320
<v Speaker 2>same time you are scenically manipulating it, right, And.

738
00:38:51.360 --> 00:38:54.480
<v Speaker 1>There there's not that many people who are only one.

739
00:38:54.559 --> 00:38:57.280
<v Speaker 1>I think like I would from what I understand, I

740
00:38:57.320 --> 00:39:00.440
<v Speaker 1>would place l Ron Hubbard, the head of Scientology, firmly

741
00:39:00.480 --> 00:39:01.519
<v Speaker 1>in the grifter can't.

742
00:39:01.440 --> 00:39:03.760
<v Speaker 2>If you believe the damn what he said, right, it's

743
00:39:03.760 --> 00:39:05.599
<v Speaker 2>pretty I don't know, I have no idea about but

744
00:39:05.800 --> 00:39:06.920
<v Speaker 2>I haven't studied.

745
00:39:06.800 --> 00:39:09.760
<v Speaker 1>Sure, but yeah, like I mean, I was just thinking

746
00:39:09.800 --> 00:39:11.960
<v Speaker 1>about it as like as like an example of like,

747
00:39:12.360 --> 00:39:14.159
<v Speaker 1>you know, you have a man who's like suddenly flush

748
00:39:14.239 --> 00:39:20.519
<v Speaker 1>with success, and then he's like he's and the success

749
00:39:20.599 --> 00:39:23.480
<v Speaker 1>comes from saying things that resonate with an audience and

750
00:39:23.599 --> 00:39:25.880
<v Speaker 1>is able to live a life that reflects that success.

751
00:39:26.639 --> 00:39:28.719
<v Speaker 1>That's usually when people start to say that it's a grift,

752
00:39:29.199 --> 00:39:32.000
<v Speaker 1>because well, how could he possibly be successful if he

753
00:39:32.440 --> 00:39:34.079
<v Speaker 1>or how could he possibly be sincere if he's so

754
00:39:34.119 --> 00:39:36.920
<v Speaker 1>successful as it seems to be the contradiction, And.

755
00:39:37.880 --> 00:39:39.840
<v Speaker 2>I think it's like the funny thing is that he

756
00:39:40.239 --> 00:39:43.840
<v Speaker 2>most when you look at like most horrible people, whether

757
00:39:44.000 --> 00:39:48.159
<v Speaker 2>straight up grifters or whatever, they are almost unfailingly they

758
00:39:48.199 --> 00:39:51.239
<v Speaker 2>are the good guys in their own story. Right. It's

759
00:39:51.320 --> 00:39:54.119
<v Speaker 2>like they somehow can spin it in a way where

760
00:39:54.679 --> 00:39:56.840
<v Speaker 2>there's a reason why I'm doing this. It's for the

761
00:39:56.920 --> 00:40:01.280
<v Speaker 2>greater good. It's still there's way to spin it to

762
00:40:01.280 --> 00:40:03.920
<v Speaker 2>where somehow you don't have to face the consequence that no,

763
00:40:04.119 --> 00:40:05.440
<v Speaker 2>you really are just an ass.

764
00:40:05.480 --> 00:40:08.719
<v Speaker 1>So right, well, and there's a temptation that I mean,

765
00:40:08.800 --> 00:40:10.400
<v Speaker 1>I think I've had. And I don't know if I

766
00:40:10.440 --> 00:40:12.159
<v Speaker 1>said it in my episode. I didn't go back and

767
00:40:12.239 --> 00:40:14.239
<v Speaker 1>listen to that. So if I did, I guess I'm

768
00:40:14.280 --> 00:40:18.199
<v Speaker 1>refusing it. If I didn't, then whatever. But I think

769
00:40:18.239 --> 00:40:21.760
<v Speaker 1>that there is a temptation, especially for someone who has

770
00:40:21.840 --> 00:40:25.239
<v Speaker 1>a more secular bent in their mind, to think that, oh, really,

771
00:40:25.320 --> 00:40:29.840
<v Speaker 1>this was just him at the very least subconsciously rejecting

772
00:40:30.480 --> 00:40:32.519
<v Speaker 1>the people who rejected him, like you don't fire me,

773
00:40:32.719 --> 00:40:36.480
<v Speaker 1>I quit that kind of mentality. But I've come around

774
00:40:36.519 --> 00:40:39.320
<v Speaker 1>to this idea that he could well have actually believed

775
00:40:39.400 --> 00:40:42.360
<v Speaker 1>he was Christ's younger brother. Yeah, even if he was

776
00:40:42.440 --> 00:40:45.719
<v Speaker 1>also bitter about his failures in the confusion system, Like

777
00:40:46.440 --> 00:40:49.320
<v Speaker 1>a big amount of his energy was spent. As you

778
00:40:49.400 --> 00:40:52.440
<v Speaker 1>talked about in the second episode especially, it was it

779
00:40:52.519 --> 00:40:55.079
<v Speaker 1>wasn't just theology that he was getting into. He wasn't

780
00:40:55.159 --> 00:40:59.360
<v Speaker 1>just trying to create this justification of his visions. He

781
00:40:59.559 --> 00:41:02.480
<v Speaker 1>was going out of his way to discredit Confucianism, which

782
00:41:03.000 --> 00:41:05.960
<v Speaker 1>at that point still about twenty three hundred years old

783
00:41:06.000 --> 00:41:08.199
<v Speaker 1>as far as a social system goes. It's not something

784
00:41:08.239 --> 00:41:10.639
<v Speaker 1>you just get rid of. But he is doing something

785
00:41:10.880 --> 00:41:13.920
<v Speaker 1>so radical where he is saying the very basis of

786
00:41:14.199 --> 00:41:18.159
<v Speaker 1>all of this, even whether you're whether you're the Mongol

787
00:41:18.480 --> 00:41:21.639
<v Speaker 1>Yuan dynasty, the Manchu Ching dynasty, or the Han or

788
00:41:21.679 --> 00:41:25.039
<v Speaker 1>the Han dynasty, it is like, it doesn't matter because

789
00:41:25.400 --> 00:41:28.039
<v Speaker 1>all of this is bullshit. This is the real deal,

790
00:41:28.119 --> 00:41:29.920
<v Speaker 1>and I just so happen to know what the real

791
00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:32.480
<v Speaker 1>deal is. That's the part where I think people get

792
00:41:32.519 --> 00:41:34.840
<v Speaker 1>a little tripped up that they think that because he

793
00:41:34.920 --> 00:41:37.840
<v Speaker 1>puts himself in the main character role, that he has

794
00:41:37.960 --> 00:41:40.960
<v Speaker 1>to be either crazy or a grifter. And I would

795
00:41:40.960 --> 00:41:44.159
<v Speaker 1>say no, I mean, yeah, you could say he's crazy, sure,

796
00:41:44.280 --> 00:41:46.840
<v Speaker 1>but it's more that I think he really does see

797
00:41:46.920 --> 00:41:50.519
<v Speaker 1>himself in the way that he presents him they think.

798
00:41:50.480 --> 00:41:52.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And I think that's where the insanity helps, sure,

799
00:41:53.199 --> 00:41:55.239
<v Speaker 2>because it's kind of like even when he dies, when

800
00:41:55.280 --> 00:41:57.519
<v Speaker 2>they are starving and they are like, dude, we need

801
00:41:57.599 --> 00:42:00.719
<v Speaker 2>to do something, and he's like, don't worry of anybody. Man,

802
00:42:00.880 --> 00:42:03.880
<v Speaker 2>that's gonna fall from the sky and everybody's looking at

803
00:42:03.960 --> 00:42:06.159
<v Speaker 2>him like what is it talking about now, And it's

804
00:42:06.199 --> 00:42:09.440
<v Speaker 2>like these is man and he started eating like random

805
00:42:09.519 --> 00:42:11.800
<v Speaker 2>weeds outside the walls, and they think I might have

806
00:42:11.840 --> 00:42:14.239
<v Speaker 2>poisoned him, and lately it's poisoned them ny, And so

807
00:42:14.360 --> 00:42:18.639
<v Speaker 2>he's like, Okay, well, there's there's an element there where

808
00:42:18.800 --> 00:42:20.320
<v Speaker 2>he believed this own stuff.

809
00:42:20.639 --> 00:42:22.920
<v Speaker 1>The cynical bias that I think I maybe used to

810
00:42:23.039 --> 00:42:25.719
<v Speaker 1>have a little bit is that my assumption would have

811
00:42:25.800 --> 00:42:27.639
<v Speaker 1>just been when I hear that part of the story, Oh,

812
00:42:27.679 --> 00:42:29.679
<v Speaker 1>he has a big stockpile of like meat and cheese

813
00:42:29.760 --> 00:42:32.440
<v Speaker 1>that he's hoarding right in his concubines. No, No, he

814
00:42:32.679 --> 00:42:34.960
<v Speaker 1>really did eat a bunch of weeds on the ground

815
00:42:35.039 --> 00:42:36.840
<v Speaker 1>and probably died from poisoning.

816
00:42:38.519 --> 00:42:38.719
<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

817
00:42:38.840 --> 00:42:42.519
<v Speaker 1>I I'm really fascinated by that idea that he sincerely

818
00:42:42.599 --> 00:42:45.159
<v Speaker 1>believed it too, because I think that's a big part

819
00:42:45.159 --> 00:42:46.400
<v Speaker 1>of why people followed him too.

820
00:42:46.559 --> 00:42:48.000
<v Speaker 2>Of course, it wasn't just, it wasn't just.

821
00:42:48.079 --> 00:42:50.199
<v Speaker 1>I mean, the charisma comes from sincere belief.

822
00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:55.000
<v Speaker 2>Through believers tend to be charismatic. They but yeah, it's

823
00:42:55.039 --> 00:42:57.320
<v Speaker 2>also through that grief. There can be charismatic when they

824
00:42:57.360 --> 00:42:59.760
<v Speaker 2>are purely scenica, Like if they are good at the grief.

825
00:43:01.000 --> 00:43:03.079
<v Speaker 2>But I guess yeah, in some way you can thank

826
00:43:03.840 --> 00:43:06.320
<v Speaker 2>decades of communism. If you want to go back, you

827
00:43:06.400 --> 00:43:08.320
<v Speaker 2>can go back to these and to the Oppiu Mare,

828
00:43:08.920 --> 00:43:13.599
<v Speaker 2>because the Opu Mare weakening the existing dynasty in creating

829
00:43:13.719 --> 00:43:17.199
<v Speaker 2>these desire for revenge against the humiliation at the hands

830
00:43:17.239 --> 00:43:20.320
<v Speaker 2>of foreign powers, the wreck that it's created by the

831
00:43:20.400 --> 00:43:24.920
<v Speaker 2>Typing creates this power vacuum and desire for revenge that's

832
00:43:24.960 --> 00:43:28.800
<v Speaker 2>really not gonna be satisfied until Communism come into place.

833
00:43:29.000 --> 00:43:30.360
<v Speaker 1>That's a good way of putting it. And it is

834
00:43:30.480 --> 00:43:35.840
<v Speaker 1>worth noting an interesting little fact that the Communists. It's

835
00:43:35.920 --> 00:43:39.280
<v Speaker 1>so weird because they have a very spotty track record

836
00:43:39.320 --> 00:43:42.559
<v Speaker 1>with how they treat well all religious people, but Christians

837
00:43:42.599 --> 00:43:44.679
<v Speaker 1>in particular. They still don't have a really good track

838
00:43:44.760 --> 00:43:47.719
<v Speaker 1>record on that. And what's funny though, is that in

839
00:43:47.840 --> 00:43:52.039
<v Speaker 1>the early years at least, they venerated hongshuch and the

840
00:43:52.119 --> 00:43:55.559
<v Speaker 1>Typing Heavenly Kingdom, but only because they were the only

841
00:43:56.360 --> 00:43:59.840
<v Speaker 1>people that came even close to toppling the dynasty, of course,

842
00:44:00.039 --> 00:44:03.199
<v Speaker 1>and a lot of the rhetoric, not all of it, obviously,

843
00:44:03.320 --> 00:44:06.000
<v Speaker 1>but a lot of the rhetoric involving the abolishment of

844
00:44:06.039 --> 00:44:09.599
<v Speaker 1>private property and so forth. Of course very much mirrored Maoism,

845
00:44:09.960 --> 00:44:12.320
<v Speaker 1>very much mirrored the rhetoric and the communist So it's

846
00:44:12.440 --> 00:44:15.119
<v Speaker 1>very interesting. Like how adaptable that is. That's another thing

847
00:44:15.119 --> 00:44:17.039
<v Speaker 1>I want to jump back to in a bit. But

848
00:44:17.639 --> 00:44:19.320
<v Speaker 1>you kind of started doing something that I was going

849
00:44:19.360 --> 00:44:20.800
<v Speaker 1>to ask you about, so I feel like this is

850
00:44:20.880 --> 00:44:23.239
<v Speaker 1>a good way to get into it. I have a

851
00:44:23.599 --> 00:44:28.000
<v Speaker 1>broad sort of thesis that one day I want to

852
00:44:28.039 --> 00:44:31.440
<v Speaker 1>delve into in some depth, and the Typing rebellion is

853
00:44:31.480 --> 00:44:33.760
<v Speaker 1>sort of the center of it. But really what I

854
00:44:33.880 --> 00:44:37.400
<v Speaker 1>think this is a sort of premise about is the

855
00:44:37.519 --> 00:44:40.920
<v Speaker 1>last century of dynastic rule in China, sure, and that

856
00:44:41.039 --> 00:44:44.960
<v Speaker 1>I think we could probably point to the introduction of

857
00:44:45.039 --> 00:44:49.760
<v Speaker 1>Christian missionaries as the catalyst, the basic catalyst of all

858
00:44:49.880 --> 00:44:52.840
<v Speaker 1>of that, and they'd been around, as you pointed out,

859
00:44:52.920 --> 00:44:56.559
<v Speaker 1>there's the Jesuits who've been there since like the sixteenth century,

860
00:44:56.599 --> 00:44:59.280
<v Speaker 1>I believe, right, But the Jesuits don't really make as

861
00:44:59.360 --> 00:45:01.800
<v Speaker 1>much of an impact, which I think is interesting to

862
00:45:01.840 --> 00:45:03.239
<v Speaker 1>point out. And that's where I want to kind of

863
00:45:04.039 --> 00:45:07.519
<v Speaker 1>fit Protestantism into this. But the way the sort of

864
00:45:07.639 --> 00:45:10.760
<v Speaker 1>chain of events as I was thinking about it, is

865
00:45:10.800 --> 00:45:12.840
<v Speaker 1>that you have the guys like Edwin Stevens who you

866
00:45:12.960 --> 00:45:17.079
<v Speaker 1>talked about, and all the Western Protestant ministers who influenced

867
00:45:17.079 --> 00:45:20.840
<v Speaker 1>people like hongep that their work led to the spread

868
00:45:20.920 --> 00:45:25.000
<v Speaker 1>of this new extremely malleable belief system from the West,

869
00:45:25.159 --> 00:45:29.119
<v Speaker 1>that is Protestant Christianity, and therefore the Tayping Rebellion happens.

870
00:45:30.119 --> 00:45:32.239
<v Speaker 1>I mean putting inside the Opium War, I mean that

871
00:45:32.320 --> 00:45:35.679
<v Speaker 1>already was weakening them militarily, but the Taiping Rebellion creates

872
00:45:35.719 --> 00:45:40.679
<v Speaker 1>this internal weakness against the Ching that really can't be

873
00:45:40.760 --> 00:45:44.119
<v Speaker 1>overestimated that it was existential at that point. And then

874
00:45:44.320 --> 00:45:48.239
<v Speaker 1>that in turn led to a greater hostility towards outsiders,

875
00:45:48.320 --> 00:45:51.360
<v Speaker 1>particularly Christians or the rest of the nineteenth century, which

876
00:45:51.480 --> 00:45:54.159
<v Speaker 1>then in turn leads to the Boxer Rebellion in nineteen hundred,

877
00:45:54.239 --> 00:45:58.800
<v Speaker 1>which was a profoundly xenophobic movement that is interesting of itself.

878
00:45:58.840 --> 00:45:59.960
<v Speaker 1>I don't know which one of us is going to

879
00:46:00.039 --> 00:46:02.440
<v Speaker 1>get to that story in our podcast first one day,

880
00:46:02.480 --> 00:46:06.239
<v Speaker 1>but it fits into both of our turvras, I think.

881
00:46:06.360 --> 00:46:09.400
<v Speaker 1>But we can call that World War zero essentially because

882
00:46:09.440 --> 00:46:14.440
<v Speaker 1>all the great powers got together, including Japan, putting China

883
00:46:14.480 --> 00:46:17.280
<v Speaker 1>in its place, and they'd already gotten their asses kicked

884
00:46:17.280 --> 00:46:19.519
<v Speaker 1>by Japan in eighteen ninety five if I remember the

885
00:46:19.599 --> 00:46:22.800
<v Speaker 1>date right, So then flash forward just one decade after

886
00:46:22.880 --> 00:46:26.920
<v Speaker 1>the Boxer rebellion it's nineteen eleven, and the Ching dynasty collapses.

887
00:46:27.760 --> 00:46:31.440
<v Speaker 1>You get nearly four decades of civil war, more Japanese imperialism,

888
00:46:31.800 --> 00:46:34.199
<v Speaker 1>and eventually the triumph of maw and the Communists. So

889
00:46:34.760 --> 00:46:38.360
<v Speaker 1>you have this long chain of events. But I guess

890
00:46:38.400 --> 00:46:39.559
<v Speaker 1>what I'm wondering is, what do you think of that

891
00:46:39.639 --> 00:46:41.840
<v Speaker 1>as an explanation for how China ended up where it

892
00:46:42.000 --> 00:46:45.159
<v Speaker 1>was at the oddst of communism, the introduction of this

893
00:46:45.880 --> 00:46:49.639
<v Speaker 1>one singular Western idea known as Protestant Christianity.

894
00:46:49.880 --> 00:46:53.039
<v Speaker 2>Well, I mean, if you wanna look at on the

895
00:46:53.159 --> 00:46:57.320
<v Speaker 2>other side of the of the sea in Japan, there's

896
00:46:57.400 --> 00:47:01.159
<v Speaker 2>a reason why Japan when on these rutal campaign to

897
00:47:01.239 --> 00:47:04.880
<v Speaker 2>wipe out missionaries some couple of underd years earlier.

898
00:47:05.119 --> 00:47:08.360
<v Speaker 1>That's right, courts As is silence exactly, film.

899
00:47:08.639 --> 00:47:12.000
<v Speaker 2>That absolutely, And the thing is it's simple. I mean,

900
00:47:12.079 --> 00:47:16.599
<v Speaker 2>it sounds bad to say in a way, but unfailingly

901
00:47:17.480 --> 00:47:20.000
<v Speaker 2>like the reason why Japan did it it's because they

902
00:47:20.079 --> 00:47:22.679
<v Speaker 2>look at just about every Otherssian country and they saw

903
00:47:22.800 --> 00:47:27.559
<v Speaker 2>that first these countries would be visited by Western traders.

904
00:47:27.920 --> 00:47:31.519
<v Speaker 2>With the traders, the missionaries would arrive, and after traders

905
00:47:31.559 --> 00:47:34.440
<v Speaker 2>and missionary showed up, colonization would come in in full

906
00:47:34.480 --> 00:47:38.079
<v Speaker 2>swing and take over. And Japan looked around inside their

907
00:47:38.159 --> 00:47:40.840
<v Speaker 2>country and they see traders and they see missionaries, and

908
00:47:40.920 --> 00:47:45.159
<v Speaker 2>they said, we know what happens next. And so that's

909
00:47:45.239 --> 00:47:47.360
<v Speaker 2>why they decide to cut off the trade with the

910
00:47:47.440 --> 00:47:51.960
<v Speaker 2>West almost entirely and to just wipe out Christianity of

911
00:47:52.079 --> 00:47:55.400
<v Speaker 2>Japan has nothing to do with religion because you know,

912
00:47:55.679 --> 00:47:59.400
<v Speaker 2>the Japanese and when Buddhism arrived, they mixed with Shintoday

913
00:47:59.639 --> 00:48:02.320
<v Speaker 2>sometimes they practiced Into and Buddhism in the same temples.

914
00:48:02.400 --> 00:48:04.760
<v Speaker 2>They didn't give a crap about that. Power. Yeah, is

915
00:48:04.840 --> 00:48:10.239
<v Speaker 2>the fact that missionaries where the guys who pride the

916
00:48:10.320 --> 00:48:15.360
<v Speaker 2>door open for colonization. And partially also is because Christianity

917
00:48:15.760 --> 00:48:19.760
<v Speaker 2>is an exclusive religion, meaning there's only one right way ours,

918
00:48:20.519 --> 00:48:23.840
<v Speaker 2>so it kind of creates some competing loyalties because if

919
00:48:23.880 --> 00:48:27.440
<v Speaker 2>Buddhism arrives, you can incorporate it because with Buddhism you

920
00:48:27.559 --> 00:48:32.199
<v Speaker 2>have okay, you know, we got you can believe Buddhist thing.

921
00:48:32.440 --> 00:48:34.639
<v Speaker 2>You can mix them with Shinto. You can pay so

922
00:48:34.760 --> 00:48:37.760
<v Speaker 2>much to the emperor, you can. It doesn't really challenge

923
00:48:37.880 --> 00:48:42.280
<v Speaker 2>the political structure. Right with Christianity, where there's only one God,

924
00:48:42.920 --> 00:48:47.840
<v Speaker 2>it's ours, it's with this particular set of rules. Well,

925
00:48:47.920 --> 00:48:51.000
<v Speaker 2>that's a whole different thing now. It's like it puts

926
00:48:51.079 --> 00:48:53.199
<v Speaker 2>a lot more power in the hands of those who

927
00:48:53.280 --> 00:48:56.440
<v Speaker 2>control the religion, which should be Europeans in this case,

928
00:48:56.639 --> 00:48:58.719
<v Speaker 2>favor in colonization, right.

929
00:48:59.119 --> 00:49:00.840
<v Speaker 1>And the thing that I think is interesting about that,

930
00:49:01.440 --> 00:49:03.639
<v Speaker 1>that's you're just giving me so many good things to

931
00:49:04.000 --> 00:49:07.800
<v Speaker 1>transition off of here, man, because I really do think

932
00:49:07.840 --> 00:49:10.679
<v Speaker 1>you're right, though, I think that there's a distinction there.

933
00:49:11.119 --> 00:49:12.920
<v Speaker 1>I'm starting to get the sense. And this is what

934
00:49:12.960 --> 00:49:16.840
<v Speaker 1>I wanted to talk to you about primarily because especially

935
00:49:16.840 --> 00:49:21.239
<v Speaker 1>in Japan, it was mostly Jesuits were there, correct, which

936
00:49:21.320 --> 00:49:22.719
<v Speaker 1>is an offshoot of the Catholic Church.

937
00:49:23.239 --> 00:49:23.599
<v Speaker 2>Correct.

938
00:49:23.679 --> 00:49:26.079
<v Speaker 1>The thing about the Catholic Church and the thing about

939
00:49:26.159 --> 00:49:30.119
<v Speaker 1>Islam specifically, those two big monotheisms that are expansionists by

940
00:49:30.199 --> 00:49:35.800
<v Speaker 1>their very nature, they're very I guess we could say hierarchical,

941
00:49:36.320 --> 00:49:40.199
<v Speaker 1>much more top down, much more associated with empire. And

942
00:49:40.239 --> 00:49:43.280
<v Speaker 1>I'm not saying Protestantism isn't. And I'm just saying that

943
00:49:43.400 --> 00:49:49.199
<v Speaker 1>the structure of Protestantism is very different, and as far

944
00:49:49.239 --> 00:49:52.400
<v Speaker 1>as I know, Protestantism didn't well. Actually, I don't even

945
00:49:52.400 --> 00:49:55.719
<v Speaker 1>think Protestantism was even out of Europe by the time

946
00:49:55.840 --> 00:49:57.039
<v Speaker 1>the Jesuits were in Japan.

947
00:49:57.159 --> 00:49:58.880
<v Speaker 2>I think they were still.

948
00:49:58.719 --> 00:50:02.199
<v Speaker 1>Working things out to it my right, So I will

949
00:50:02.239 --> 00:50:04.559
<v Speaker 1>have to wonder the counterfactual of what would happen if

950
00:50:04.679 --> 00:50:08.440
<v Speaker 1>Protestantism had made it. We'll never know. But Protestantism did

951
00:50:08.559 --> 00:50:12.760
<v Speaker 1>make it to China. And this gets into what I've

952
00:50:12.800 --> 00:50:18.800
<v Speaker 1>been studying for school, specifically for my thesis about Protestantism

953
00:50:18.880 --> 00:50:26.000
<v Speaker 1>in America and more broadly Protestantism as a delivery mechanism

954
00:50:26.320 --> 00:50:30.199
<v Speaker 1>for change, because I think what it tended to do,

955
00:50:31.519 --> 00:50:34.079
<v Speaker 1>much to the chagrin of a lot of very conservative

956
00:50:34.280 --> 00:50:38.159
<v Speaker 1>people to this very day, is it gave us the

957
00:50:38.400 --> 00:50:43.320
<v Speaker 1>creed of individualism. Sure, because if you look at the cycles,

958
00:50:43.360 --> 00:50:45.559
<v Speaker 1>and I don't like that word in history, but there's

959
00:50:45.599 --> 00:50:48.840
<v Speaker 1>no other way to put it. Of American Christianity through

960
00:50:48.960 --> 00:50:54.800
<v Speaker 1>the awakenings as they're known, you have continuous perceptions and

961
00:50:55.280 --> 00:51:00.440
<v Speaker 1>proclamations of institutional failure related to the previous authority. That

962
00:51:00.519 --> 00:51:06.440
<v Speaker 1>previous authority is especially early on, inherently religious, and every

963
00:51:06.559 --> 00:51:09.920
<v Speaker 1>single time, at least with the First Grade Awakening, but

964
00:51:10.000 --> 00:51:12.360
<v Speaker 1>it was also with the second and I would argue

965
00:51:12.760 --> 00:51:15.280
<v Speaker 1>all of the other ones that have happened since there

966
00:51:15.519 --> 00:51:19.800
<v Speaker 1>was this claim that the real way to return to God,

967
00:51:20.159 --> 00:51:25.000
<v Speaker 1>to wholeness, whatever you want to call it, was through

968
00:51:25.119 --> 00:51:32.000
<v Speaker 1>personal devotion, and it very much emphasized this idea of yeah,

969
00:51:32.440 --> 00:51:36.039
<v Speaker 1>not personal responsibility, but in a sense that too. Max

970
00:51:36.119 --> 00:51:39.440
<v Speaker 1>Wember has talked about that about why Western capitalism succeeded

971
00:51:39.599 --> 00:51:43.679
<v Speaker 1>was because of the ties to Protestant Christianity and all that.

972
00:51:44.199 --> 00:51:46.000
<v Speaker 1>I'm throwing a lot at you, but basically what I'm

973
00:51:46.000 --> 00:51:49.280
<v Speaker 1>trying to say is there is this sort of constant

974
00:51:49.519 --> 00:51:53.320
<v Speaker 1>sense of undermining previous authority that's at the core of

975
00:51:53.440 --> 00:51:57.000
<v Speaker 1>every single Protestant movement that has happened, especially that has

976
00:51:57.119 --> 00:52:00.760
<v Speaker 1>resulted in major events like every think from the Typing

977
00:52:00.840 --> 00:52:03.440
<v Speaker 1>Rebellion all the way down to the first Grade Awakening,

978
00:52:03.639 --> 00:52:06.079
<v Speaker 1>and some people if you argue that the American Revolution

979
00:52:06.199 --> 00:52:07.880
<v Speaker 1>was a result of the first Grade Awakening, I don't

980
00:52:07.880 --> 00:52:08.599
<v Speaker 1>know if I go that far.

981
00:52:08.800 --> 00:52:11.119
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean, I don't know that I would because

982
00:52:11.239 --> 00:52:15.480
<v Speaker 2>then there is definitely a major strand of individualism that

983
00:52:15.599 --> 00:52:19.280
<v Speaker 2>comes from the Enlightenment, which anyway breaks with a lot

984
00:52:19.440 --> 00:52:21.559
<v Speaker 2>of the organizing was the time it was.

985
00:52:21.559 --> 00:52:25.119
<v Speaker 1>A splinter of Protestants essentially that rejected a lot of

986
00:52:25.159 --> 00:52:27.880
<v Speaker 1>a Protestant said. But at the same time, the argument

987
00:52:27.960 --> 00:52:30.840
<v Speaker 1>can be made that Protestantism, or rather that the Enlightenment

988
00:52:30.920 --> 00:52:33.239
<v Speaker 1>only existed because of the ethos of protestant I.

989
00:52:33.239 --> 00:52:37.599
<v Speaker 2>Mean, in some way, I think it exists because like

990
00:52:37.679 --> 00:52:39.840
<v Speaker 2>if we want to make a tie with Protestantism, I

991
00:52:39.880 --> 00:52:45.320
<v Speaker 2>think is Protestantism manages to break the Catholic monopoly, yes,

992
00:52:45.480 --> 00:52:50.719
<v Speaker 2>over religion and incidentally over politics. Because it does, it

993
00:52:50.880 --> 00:52:54.719
<v Speaker 2>opens the doors to other things. Other things means a

994
00:52:54.840 --> 00:52:58.480
<v Speaker 2>bunch of variations of Protestantism, but also thinks that reject

995
00:52:58.559 --> 00:53:03.599
<v Speaker 2>Protestantism almost all together, like the more secular seeings that. So,

996
00:53:03.840 --> 00:53:06.559
<v Speaker 2>you know, they kick the door open, but what comes

997
00:53:06.639 --> 00:53:11.599
<v Speaker 2>through the door is not necessarily because they are ideologically related.

998
00:53:12.559 --> 00:53:15.119
<v Speaker 2>It comes through the door because they just kicked it down,

999
00:53:15.199 --> 00:53:19.239
<v Speaker 2>and everybody comes through the door themselves, the people opposing them,

1000
00:53:19.360 --> 00:53:20.440
<v Speaker 2>and all sorts of stuff.

1001
00:53:20.599 --> 00:53:23.599
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, though, there is an interesting thing that what the

1002
00:53:23.800 --> 00:53:27.239
<v Speaker 1>United States at least did, which was at the time

1003
00:53:27.360 --> 00:53:30.239
<v Speaker 1>it was unique, and I think it is still pretty

1004
00:53:30.519 --> 00:53:35.280
<v Speaker 1>much unique in all of the world. Which is a legal,

1005
00:53:35.519 --> 00:53:38.960
<v Speaker 1>a firmly placed legal separation of church and state, right

1006
00:53:39.199 --> 00:53:42.400
<v Speaker 1>which was I mean, it's part of the gig. It's like,

1007
00:53:42.760 --> 00:53:44.719
<v Speaker 1>there is no United States without a separation of church

1008
00:53:44.760 --> 00:53:46.519
<v Speaker 1>and state. Again, much as the chagrin of a lot

1009
00:53:46.559 --> 00:53:49.599
<v Speaker 1>of very conservative people. But that's what's interesting is that

1010
00:53:49.800 --> 00:53:53.239
<v Speaker 1>in a lot of these other examples of Protestant revival,

1011
00:53:53.320 --> 00:53:54.960
<v Speaker 1>we can call it because I do think the Typing

1012
00:53:55.000 --> 00:53:58.679
<v Speaker 1>Rebellion was probably the most extreme example of revival gone amok.

1013
00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:02.039
<v Speaker 1>So what you kind of get with that is a

1014
00:54:03.719 --> 00:54:07.719
<v Speaker 1>reality check that without that sort of predetermined separation of

1015
00:54:07.840 --> 00:54:11.679
<v Speaker 1>church and state, there's inevitably going to be a spiral effecture,

1016
00:54:11.880 --> 00:54:14.880
<v Speaker 1>you know. So I'm just wondering if, like if maybe

1017
00:54:14.960 --> 00:54:17.320
<v Speaker 1>that is just sort of an inevitable feature of Protestantism,

1018
00:54:17.400 --> 00:54:20.039
<v Speaker 1>because as you said, it started as a break from

1019
00:54:20.239 --> 00:54:23.960
<v Speaker 1>Catholic dogma and domination, and it's not the only one

1020
00:54:24.000 --> 00:54:26.280
<v Speaker 1>that ever happened or existed, but a lot of the

1021
00:54:26.360 --> 00:54:30.960
<v Speaker 1>other ones ended up turning into very dogmatic beliefs. And

1022
00:54:30.960 --> 00:54:34.320
<v Speaker 1>I'm not saying that Protestantism doesn't have its own dogmatizers,

1023
00:54:34.679 --> 00:54:37.000
<v Speaker 1>but it's also in some ways the most malleable. Like

1024
00:54:37.119 --> 00:54:42.559
<v Speaker 1>what other foreign religion could claim that much success in

1025
00:54:42.639 --> 00:54:45.840
<v Speaker 1>a place like China, like it just like all of

1026
00:54:45.960 --> 00:54:50.519
<v Speaker 1>the places that turned Catholic or Islamic, most of them

1027
00:54:50.559 --> 00:54:53.039
<v Speaker 1>did it by the sword. Sure, in most that's the

1028
00:54:53.159 --> 00:54:55.159
<v Speaker 1>sense I get. I mean maybe I'm wrong with the

1029
00:54:55.239 --> 00:54:57.480
<v Speaker 1>Catholic part. I don't know enough about Catholic history.

1030
00:54:57.719 --> 00:55:01.000
<v Speaker 2>I mean even I it depends on where because in

1031
00:55:01.119 --> 00:55:02.519
<v Speaker 2>some parents, for sure.

1032
00:55:02.800 --> 00:55:03.639
<v Speaker 1>But in places.

1033
00:55:04.960 --> 00:55:07.679
<v Speaker 2>Or even even if you look at like a lot

1034
00:55:07.760 --> 00:55:11.400
<v Speaker 2>of Ystasia, sure he's a little less conquest. There's a

1035
00:55:11.440 --> 00:55:14.320
<v Speaker 2>lot more trade and ideas. And don't get me wrong,

1036
00:55:14.360 --> 00:55:17.079
<v Speaker 2>it's not that concrest doesn't play a role, but it's

1037
00:55:17.239 --> 00:55:21.360
<v Speaker 2>not the single foundational thing. Like you know, Spaniards take

1038
00:55:21.400 --> 00:55:24.960
<v Speaker 2>over Mexico and now all the mats become Catholic. It's

1039
00:55:24.960 --> 00:55:27.599
<v Speaker 2>a little less. So I think it's a mix of things.

1040
00:55:27.679 --> 00:55:32.760
<v Speaker 1>Sure, yeah, especially with places like Indonesia. Indonesia was the impression.

1041
00:55:32.800 --> 00:55:36.079
<v Speaker 1>I mean, Islam made inroads there that were related to conquests,

1042
00:55:36.079 --> 00:55:39.039
<v Speaker 1>but it never really took hold. And then the impression

1043
00:55:39.119 --> 00:55:41.480
<v Speaker 1>I got, and I just I did a podcast about it.

1044
00:55:41.480 --> 00:55:47.639
<v Speaker 1>Earlier this year was when Krakatoa exploded. It just it

1045
00:55:47.760 --> 00:55:53.000
<v Speaker 1>produced this existential crisis in most people down there who realized, oh,

1046
00:55:53.079 --> 00:55:56.159
<v Speaker 1>our folk beliefs aren't saving us. And there's all these

1047
00:55:56.239 --> 00:56:01.079
<v Speaker 1>really angry, compelling people talking about Allah and these evil colonizers,

1048
00:56:01.840 --> 00:56:04.719
<v Speaker 1>the Dutch. You know where to go with these guys.

1049
00:56:05.199 --> 00:56:08.400
<v Speaker 1>And then flash forward to today. Indonesia is the most

1050
00:56:08.800 --> 00:56:11.920
<v Speaker 1>populous Muslim country in the world. So yeah, I mean

1051
00:56:12.159 --> 00:56:14.719
<v Speaker 1>a lot of it can be grassroots. I'm just wondering.

1052
00:56:14.760 --> 00:56:18.199
<v Speaker 1>I guess what I'm sort of trying to untangle here

1053
00:56:18.360 --> 00:56:23.800
<v Speaker 1>is this sense that Protestantism has this very weird aspect

1054
00:56:23.880 --> 00:56:26.280
<v Speaker 1>to it. And by weird, I don't mean bad or good,

1055
00:56:26.360 --> 00:56:31.000
<v Speaker 1>It just mean weird. It's so tied to individual expression,

1056
00:56:31.320 --> 00:56:37.559
<v Speaker 1>an individual agency connected with God him her itself. Just

1057
00:56:37.639 --> 00:56:40.920
<v Speaker 1>this this connection between the individual and God, which I

1058
00:56:41.000 --> 00:56:45.159
<v Speaker 1>think most religions would agree, is very huboristic. That's going

1059
00:56:45.239 --> 00:56:48.480
<v Speaker 1>to create tensions in society that I just don't really

1060
00:56:49.159 --> 00:56:51.440
<v Speaker 1>I just I don't really think can be escaped. But

1061
00:56:51.519 --> 00:56:53.559
<v Speaker 1>I don't know. I guess I'm asking you to walk

1062
00:56:53.639 --> 00:56:56.280
<v Speaker 1>me off this ledge because I'm feeling very not fatalistic,

1063
00:56:56.320 --> 00:56:58.760
<v Speaker 1>but deterministic about it. And I know that determinism is.

1064
00:56:58.760 --> 00:57:00.800
<v Speaker 2>A no no, because I mean, I think the problem

1065
00:57:00.920 --> 00:57:04.000
<v Speaker 2>is there's always, like any time there's if you're looking

1066
00:57:04.079 --> 00:57:08.559
<v Speaker 2>for a single cause for any big historical event, a

1067
00:57:08.679 --> 00:57:12.840
<v Speaker 2>priori are always wrong says that there's never a single

1068
00:57:13.000 --> 00:57:15.960
<v Speaker 2>cause for a giant historical event. He's always a mix

1069
00:57:16.079 --> 00:57:19.199
<v Speaker 2>of things. And I mean even in the case of

1070
00:57:19.400 --> 00:57:23.840
<v Speaker 2>like if you look at the development of the Enlightenment

1071
00:57:24.000 --> 00:57:26.599
<v Speaker 2>and Protestantism, is like they happen in some way in

1072
00:57:26.679 --> 00:57:29.920
<v Speaker 2>spite of each other, related to one another. But you

1073
00:57:30.039 --> 00:57:34.159
<v Speaker 2>know there's obviously it's not a linear a appen sobs,

1074
00:57:34.320 --> 00:57:36.760
<v Speaker 2>it's so on and see it's it's grand song kind

1075
00:57:36.800 --> 00:57:40.159
<v Speaker 2>of thing. You know, it's it's push and pull and

1076
00:57:40.440 --> 00:57:44.079
<v Speaker 2>all sorts of there are messic components to it. That's right,

1077
00:57:45.000 --> 00:57:47.639
<v Speaker 2>because there's never even a single way. I mean, even

1078
00:57:47.800 --> 00:57:50.639
<v Speaker 2>just when we talk about Protestantism, Protestantism is not even

1079
00:57:50.719 --> 00:57:54.320
<v Speaker 2>one thing. No, you know, it takes us. So once

1080
00:57:54.400 --> 00:57:58.079
<v Speaker 2>you say Protestantism is it's like, no, there are a

1081
00:57:58.199 --> 00:58:01.960
<v Speaker 2>tone of Protestantisms and it's well, that's.

1082
00:58:01.800 --> 00:58:03.800
<v Speaker 1>Sort of The thing that I keep getting hung up

1083
00:58:03.800 --> 00:58:05.760
<v Speaker 1>on is I remind myself of that. But then I think, well,

1084
00:58:06.039 --> 00:58:09.760
<v Speaker 1>why does Protestantism have so many different variations compared to

1085
00:58:10.119 --> 00:58:13.719
<v Speaker 1>Catholicism because they know the hierarchy exactly. That's what I'm wondering,

1086
00:58:13.840 --> 00:58:16.320
<v Speaker 1>is like, this is kind of like looping back to

1087
00:58:16.480 --> 00:58:19.039
<v Speaker 1>Dan Carlin's all time great episode Profits a Doom where

1088
00:58:19.039 --> 00:58:24.239
<v Speaker 1>he asked that question, what were the tradeoffs of translating

1089
00:58:24.280 --> 00:58:28.039
<v Speaker 1>the Bible making it something that anybody could access? Like

1090
00:58:28.199 --> 00:58:31.159
<v Speaker 1>the tradeoffs are, you know, like we've been saying the

1091
00:58:31.280 --> 00:58:35.039
<v Speaker 1>Enlightenment to a degree, individual individualism and all that, but

1092
00:58:35.320 --> 00:58:39.039
<v Speaker 1>the other trade offs are seem to be lots of

1093
00:58:39.119 --> 00:58:42.719
<v Speaker 1>violences of conflict, of course, And I mean, I think

1094
00:58:42.800 --> 00:58:45.320
<v Speaker 1>human conflict is inevitable. We've talked about this. I think

1095
00:58:45.360 --> 00:58:46.800
<v Speaker 1>you're always going to have reasons.

1096
00:58:46.920 --> 00:58:50.159
<v Speaker 2>I mean, it's kind of like remember the movie I

1097
00:58:50.239 --> 00:58:54.199
<v Speaker 2>think it was called The Hero with Jentlee, Yes, where

1098
00:58:54.400 --> 00:58:56.679
<v Speaker 2>that movie. You know, the whole premise is that you know,

1099
00:58:56.760 --> 00:58:59.800
<v Speaker 2>you're trying to kill this emperor who's an asshole, and

1100
00:59:00.079 --> 00:59:02.719
<v Speaker 2>the emperor toward the end part of the argument is

1101
00:59:02.840 --> 00:59:05.199
<v Speaker 2>the emperor who's an asshole. It is still guaranteeing a

1102
00:59:05.280 --> 00:59:08.159
<v Speaker 2>certain degree of peace internally, because otherwise you have all

1103
00:59:08.199 --> 00:59:12.880
<v Speaker 2>these different kingdoms laughtering each other. And I mean, it's

1104
00:59:12.920 --> 00:59:16.840
<v Speaker 2>what every dictator want to be known. Is It's kind

1105
00:59:16.920 --> 00:59:20.159
<v Speaker 2>of like, you know, if I'm Saddamus saying, it's like, yeah,

1106
00:59:20.400 --> 00:59:23.920
<v Speaker 2>I will murder a whole bunch of political dissidents, but hey,

1107
00:59:24.079 --> 00:59:27.960
<v Speaker 2>at least you guys, she and Sonny are not killing

1108
00:59:28.000 --> 00:59:31.039
<v Speaker 2>each other as much living the courage alone. Yeah, it's

1109
00:59:31.119 --> 00:59:35.039
<v Speaker 2>like the argument is, I'm keeping it together, whereas, of

1110
00:59:35.119 --> 00:59:38.000
<v Speaker 2>course the early days of Iraq after Saddam was gone,

1111
00:59:38.039 --> 00:59:40.760
<v Speaker 2>it was a blad bat because everybody was shooting one another.

1112
00:59:40.880 --> 00:59:43.039
<v Speaker 2>You know. It's like, and of course it's not a

1113
00:59:43.159 --> 00:59:47.199
<v Speaker 2>real justification because there's horrible, but there is a logic

1114
00:59:47.320 --> 00:59:49.920
<v Speaker 2>to that, to that, I mean, it's even the Mongol thing, right,

1115
00:59:50.159 --> 00:59:52.920
<v Speaker 2>is like, we will slaughter the living hell out of

1116
00:59:53.000 --> 00:59:55.800
<v Speaker 2>anybody who resists, but if you join us and they

1117
00:59:55.840 --> 00:59:58.639
<v Speaker 2>are below us, then we guarantee a certain level of

1118
00:59:58.760 --> 01:00:00.480
<v Speaker 2>peace and stability about the.

1119
01:00:00.639 --> 01:00:03.599
<v Speaker 1>R The Sumerians were just the same. It's the logic

1120
01:00:03.679 --> 01:00:06.760
<v Speaker 1>for empire, right, and there does seem to be a

1121
01:00:06.840 --> 01:00:09.239
<v Speaker 1>logic to it. But what I struggle with and I

1122
01:00:09.239 --> 01:00:12.920
<v Speaker 1>always struggle thinking about this, is like, is there really

1123
01:00:13.800 --> 01:00:18.119
<v Speaker 1>such a thing as a third way that isn't Saddam

1124
01:00:18.639 --> 01:00:23.079
<v Speaker 1>or isis or Saddam or the insurgency or in the

1125
01:00:23.159 --> 01:00:25.440
<v Speaker 1>case of you know what I've been studying for a

1126
01:00:25.519 --> 01:00:29.440
<v Speaker 1>long time but also doing for school, Tito and Yugoslavia

1127
01:00:30.320 --> 01:00:31.960
<v Speaker 1>or what happened after Tito died.

1128
01:00:32.039 --> 01:00:33.840
<v Speaker 2>And I mean it's kind of like if you think

1129
01:00:33.920 --> 01:00:38.599
<v Speaker 2>about like Polybius the greater writer, he had this idea

1130
01:00:38.679 --> 01:00:42.280
<v Speaker 2>about these three systems of government. Sure, and he didn't

1131
01:00:42.360 --> 01:00:44.480
<v Speaker 2>target that one was good and one was bad. Is

1132
01:00:44.519 --> 01:00:46.760
<v Speaker 2>that each one could be good and each one could

1133
01:00:46.760 --> 01:00:51.159
<v Speaker 2>be terrible. Right, you had the in the ideal version,

1134
01:00:51.559 --> 01:00:55.280
<v Speaker 2>you had the enlightened king, who's brilliant, who smart, to

1135
01:00:55.719 --> 01:00:58.599
<v Speaker 2>one person who makes the decision, but he's a sweet,

1136
01:00:58.800 --> 01:01:04.719
<v Speaker 2>smart guy, and society perfectly Thomas Hobbes would call it,

1137
01:01:05.079 --> 01:01:09.119
<v Speaker 2>but that in the wrong ends. That's a tyrant, that's

1138
01:01:09.159 --> 01:01:12.440
<v Speaker 2>a dictator, that's a monster. Okay, So we go instead

1139
01:01:12.519 --> 01:01:15.079
<v Speaker 2>to the aristockers. You know, one guy, a group of

1140
01:01:15.239 --> 01:01:19.719
<v Speaker 2>the absolute best people in society, the smartest, the most creative,

1141
01:01:19.920 --> 01:01:26.800
<v Speaker 2>the most strategic society techno, Well, it depends you have

1142
01:01:26.920 --> 01:01:29.880
<v Speaker 2>to think that those guys are actually good, okay, Whereas

1143
01:01:29.960 --> 01:01:31.880
<v Speaker 2>you know most of the people today will look at

1144
01:01:31.920 --> 01:01:34.079
<v Speaker 2>some of the technicals and say, these guys are fucking crazy,

1145
01:01:34.400 --> 01:01:37.000
<v Speaker 2>and I would agree with them. No, here we are

1146
01:01:37.039 --> 01:01:40.159
<v Speaker 2>assuming a moral goodness to like the aristocrats are the

1147
01:01:40.239 --> 01:01:43.559
<v Speaker 2>good guys. When they become the bad guy. When the

1148
01:01:43.599 --> 01:01:47.760
<v Speaker 2>aristocrats are not of good qualities, they are oligarchs. Now

1149
01:01:47.880 --> 01:01:50.360
<v Speaker 2>they are. It's not a government of the best, is

1150
01:01:50.400 --> 01:01:54.039
<v Speaker 2>a government of the few. It looks the same, except

1151
01:01:54.079 --> 01:01:56.000
<v Speaker 2>that one is made of good people and one is

1152
01:01:56.039 --> 01:01:59.840
<v Speaker 2>made of shitty people. And then same idea with democracy. Oh,

1153
01:02:00.079 --> 01:02:03.199
<v Speaker 2>then government for the people. It's good. The people get

1154
01:02:03.239 --> 01:02:05.800
<v Speaker 2>to have their will express and they do it the way.

1155
01:02:05.880 --> 01:02:10.000
<v Speaker 2>That's the good version. It becomes absolute mob rule in

1156
01:02:10.079 --> 01:02:13.079
<v Speaker 2>the hands of an un educated electorate who doesn't know

1157
01:02:13.199 --> 01:02:15.639
<v Speaker 2>if barely can read, and they are a bunch of idiots,

1158
01:02:15.679 --> 01:02:18.639
<v Speaker 2>you know. So his argument is, Look, it's not that

1159
01:02:18.760 --> 01:02:23.119
<v Speaker 2>democracy is better than monarchy, or that is better than aristocracy,

1160
01:02:23.320 --> 01:02:26.320
<v Speaker 2>or it boils down to who's run in the show.

1161
01:02:27.039 --> 01:02:31.360
<v Speaker 2>If the people are good, democracy is amazing. If few

1162
01:02:31.519 --> 01:02:35.559
<v Speaker 2>people are brilliant, smart, strategic and in the aristocracy can

1163
01:02:35.639 --> 01:02:38.360
<v Speaker 2>work if one guy is in power and these a genius,

1164
01:02:38.480 --> 01:02:42.199
<v Speaker 2>and this a monarchy can work, and yet every single

1165
01:02:42.280 --> 01:02:45.000
<v Speaker 2>one of the systems can turn into a nightmare in

1166
01:02:45.119 --> 01:02:45.719
<v Speaker 2>the wrong head.

1167
01:02:45.760 --> 01:02:47.320
<v Speaker 1>I was going to say, none of those sound ideal

1168
01:02:47.400 --> 01:02:50.920
<v Speaker 1>to me, but then I remember, and this is obviously

1169
01:02:51.400 --> 01:02:55.519
<v Speaker 1>my bias as an American, but you probably shared lest

1170
01:02:55.599 --> 01:03:00.679
<v Speaker 1>to some degree. That is what makes the founders at

1171
01:03:00.800 --> 01:03:04.920
<v Speaker 1>least thinking when they created the United States brilliant because

1172
01:03:04.960 --> 01:03:06.639
<v Speaker 1>they created checks in Ballece.

1173
01:03:06.679 --> 01:03:09.559
<v Speaker 2>Absolutely, so you're trying to limit the I mean even

1174
01:03:09.719 --> 01:03:11.920
<v Speaker 2>think about it. He doesn't mention this among the tree.

1175
01:03:11.960 --> 01:03:16.199
<v Speaker 2>But if you look in a more anarchic viewpoint, the

1176
01:03:16.320 --> 01:03:20.880
<v Speaker 2>absence of oppressive laws, like an anarchic system in the

1177
01:03:21.079 --> 01:03:27.239
<v Speaker 2>hand of really smart, sweet, sensitive people who are responsible, discipline,

1178
01:03:27.320 --> 01:03:30.480
<v Speaker 2>work card and yet they are kind. You can run

1179
01:03:31.079 --> 01:03:33.599
<v Speaker 2>a partly a small society, but you can run a

1180
01:03:33.679 --> 01:03:38.239
<v Speaker 2>society with barely any rules and it can be a paradise. Sure,

1181
01:03:38.840 --> 01:03:42.000
<v Speaker 2>if the same people, or even if a solid majority

1182
01:03:42.039 --> 01:03:46.760
<v Speaker 2>of these people are not brilliant, smart, self motivated discipline,

1183
01:03:47.039 --> 01:03:50.280
<v Speaker 2>it turns into a night market. Yeah, you have a

1184
01:03:50.880 --> 01:03:54.960
<v Speaker 2>Somalia post. You know, it's like so it's like which

1185
01:03:55.000 --> 01:03:57.159
<v Speaker 2>one are we and people I think get hang up

1186
01:03:57.280 --> 01:04:00.320
<v Speaker 2>on the definition is like, anarchy is great, It's no,

1187
01:04:00.440 --> 01:04:03.440
<v Speaker 2>anarchy's evil. He's like, no, it's both. Yeah, defence always

1188
01:04:03.519 --> 01:04:03.880
<v Speaker 2>doing it.

1189
01:04:04.199 --> 01:04:04.440
<v Speaker 3>You know.

1190
01:04:05.000 --> 01:04:09.199
<v Speaker 2>It's like in this is the least democratic sentiment in

1191
01:04:09.280 --> 01:04:12.000
<v Speaker 2>the history of the world. But the idea is in

1192
01:04:12.320 --> 01:04:17.719
<v Speaker 2>the hands of person a masterpiece, the same thing in

1193
01:04:17.840 --> 01:04:20.239
<v Speaker 2>the hands of person B disaster.

1194
01:04:20.800 --> 01:04:23.719
<v Speaker 1>It's it's always the story. It's the backbone of the

1195
01:04:23.800 --> 01:04:28.079
<v Speaker 1>story of the twelve Emperors. I mean, Marcus Aurelius considered

1196
01:04:28.119 --> 01:04:30.320
<v Speaker 1>top none, right, and he probably was compared to a

1197
01:04:30.360 --> 01:04:32.440
<v Speaker 1>lot of them, right, you know. Then you I get

1198
01:04:32.480 --> 01:04:35.280
<v Speaker 1>the feeling that people like Caligula and probably even Nero

1199
01:04:35.400 --> 01:04:38.400
<v Speaker 1>were a little underrated. Yeah, but they still the point

1200
01:04:38.400 --> 01:04:41.079
<v Speaker 1>it remains. And then yeah, so I think that that

1201
01:04:41.239 --> 01:04:46.079
<v Speaker 1>is sort of something that obviously a lot of, if

1202
01:04:46.159 --> 01:04:49.360
<v Speaker 1>not most, of Western civilization do. I get the feeling.

1203
01:04:49.440 --> 01:04:52.559
<v Speaker 1>It's also all civilizations have grappled with these questions in

1204
01:04:52.719 --> 01:04:55.519
<v Speaker 1>one way or another, and then you just end up

1205
01:04:55.599 --> 01:04:58.559
<v Speaker 1>having when you get too wrapped up and grappling with

1206
01:04:58.679 --> 01:05:04.199
<v Speaker 1>these questions. You can see how someone like Hongshu twin

1207
01:05:04.280 --> 01:05:07.800
<v Speaker 1>will just show up and you just say doesn't matter.

1208
01:05:08.239 --> 01:05:10.920
<v Speaker 1>I but first of all, I just talked to God.

1209
01:05:11.599 --> 01:05:14.440
<v Speaker 1>I talked to Jesus is my brother, you know, and

1210
01:05:15.079 --> 01:05:17.360
<v Speaker 1>just here hear me out for a second, let me

1211
01:05:17.400 --> 01:05:20.440
<v Speaker 1>explain to you something. When you're so frustrated with the

1212
01:05:20.480 --> 01:05:23.559
<v Speaker 1>system as it currently exists, as the Hawka people were,

1213
01:05:23.880 --> 01:05:25.960
<v Speaker 1>and as obviously a lot of the Han were, and

1214
01:05:26.119 --> 01:05:28.760
<v Speaker 1>probably even some man Choose who weren't super elite were,

1215
01:05:28.880 --> 01:05:32.519
<v Speaker 1>like so many people were just very fed up with

1216
01:05:32.679 --> 01:05:36.239
<v Speaker 1>how things were. So they were willing to just hear

1217
01:05:36.360 --> 01:05:38.639
<v Speaker 1>this guy out, of course, and he just happened to

1218
01:05:38.679 --> 01:05:42.119
<v Speaker 1>be really, really good at convincing them of things. But

1219
01:05:42.280 --> 01:05:44.360
<v Speaker 1>he was also one of the latter group that you

1220
01:05:44.400 --> 01:05:47.519
<v Speaker 1>were talking about, and that is the danger I think

1221
01:05:47.639 --> 01:05:51.519
<v Speaker 1>of adhering to a single person. But as you also said,

1222
01:05:51.599 --> 01:05:53.599
<v Speaker 1>the other options are no picnic.

1223
01:05:54.880 --> 01:05:58.960
<v Speaker 2>I mean, even if you think something like communism, surely

1224
01:05:59.760 --> 01:06:02.599
<v Speaker 2>you use I mean, it's not really communism. But if

1225
01:06:02.639 --> 01:06:06.960
<v Speaker 2>you look at small tribal societies, the notion that you're

1226
01:06:07.079 --> 01:06:10.719
<v Speaker 2>essentially dealing with two hundred people, they are all extended family,

1227
01:06:10.800 --> 01:06:13.960
<v Speaker 2>they are all friends. So the sharing of resources, the

1228
01:06:14.599 --> 01:06:18.559
<v Speaker 2>relative equality, all of those things are things that happen

1229
01:06:18.920 --> 01:06:24.159
<v Speaker 2>somewhat naturally in a system that works fantastically. Now, apply

1230
01:06:24.320 --> 01:06:27.480
<v Speaker 2>communism to any large scale society, which include a lot

1231
01:06:27.559 --> 01:06:30.519
<v Speaker 2>of horrible people. Now includes the jealousy of why should

1232
01:06:30.559 --> 01:06:33.320
<v Speaker 2>I work harder for this guy who's not doing anything.

1233
01:06:33.440 --> 01:06:36.559
<v Speaker 2>Now you need a strong central rule to keep everybody

1234
01:06:36.599 --> 01:06:40.679
<v Speaker 2>in line and squash and now it's a totalitarian monstrosity

1235
01:06:40.760 --> 01:06:42.760
<v Speaker 2>because it has to be right in order to keep

1236
01:06:42.800 --> 01:06:45.320
<v Speaker 2>things in line. It's the thinking, and so part of

1237
01:06:45.440 --> 01:06:51.039
<v Speaker 2>it is that it's some systems are clearly less vulnerable

1238
01:06:51.119 --> 01:06:55.199
<v Speaker 2>to bullshit than others, but all systems are. And it

1239
01:06:55.360 --> 01:06:58.320
<v Speaker 2>really boils down to the quality of individuals involved. It's

1240
01:06:58.400 --> 01:07:01.679
<v Speaker 2>kind of like that old merely very idea that like,

1241
01:07:02.320 --> 01:07:04.760
<v Speaker 2>give me an average army in the hands of a

1242
01:07:04.880 --> 01:07:08.199
<v Speaker 2>brilliant general and he will beat the good army in

1243
01:07:08.239 --> 01:07:11.760
<v Speaker 2>the hands of a shitty general. Right, you know, it's

1244
01:07:11.880 --> 01:07:15.400
<v Speaker 2>part of that idea of there's an element of human

1245
01:07:15.559 --> 01:07:19.199
<v Speaker 2>quality that you can at legislate. Now you cannot plan

1246
01:07:19.519 --> 01:07:23.559
<v Speaker 2>for by law, because inevitably you're going to have the

1247
01:07:23.760 --> 01:07:28.159
<v Speaker 2>same tool that works fantastically one person sense is going

1248
01:07:28.239 --> 01:07:31.320
<v Speaker 2>to be a nightmare when it gets to somebody else's sense.

1249
01:07:31.559 --> 01:07:33.880
<v Speaker 1>And that's always why, you know, not to make it

1250
01:07:34.039 --> 01:07:37.840
<v Speaker 1>about contemporary politics, but whenever I see people getting really

1251
01:07:37.920 --> 01:07:42.599
<v Speaker 1>excited about some executive overreach, whether is when Biden was

1252
01:07:42.639 --> 01:07:47.320
<v Speaker 1>president or president now, I'm basically stealing from Dan Carlan

1253
01:07:47.800 --> 01:07:50.480
<v Speaker 1>is like once every five years. Epis sort of common sense,

1254
01:07:50.559 --> 01:07:53.880
<v Speaker 1>But he is right. Why would anyone who lives in

1255
01:07:54.199 --> 01:07:57.239
<v Speaker 1>America at least but any kind of democratic or republican

1256
01:07:57.320 --> 01:08:02.039
<v Speaker 1>system cheer on something that is very clearly going to

1257
01:08:02.039 --> 01:08:04.159
<v Speaker 1>be used as precedent against you later.

1258
01:08:04.239 --> 01:08:07.719
<v Speaker 2>I think part of the logic, if you can claim

1259
01:08:07.760 --> 01:08:10.679
<v Speaker 2>a logic in something like that, is the idea of

1260
01:08:11.599 --> 01:08:14.920
<v Speaker 2>we are gonna get screwed over regardless, we might as

1261
01:08:15.000 --> 01:08:18.239
<v Speaker 2>well get to ours while we can, you know, whereas

1262
01:08:18.359 --> 01:08:21.239
<v Speaker 2>like the system is unjust and messed up, and there's

1263
01:08:21.279 --> 01:08:24.520
<v Speaker 2>all this terriblety, So let's when we can use it

1264
01:08:24.600 --> 01:08:28.079
<v Speaker 2>to our advantage. Yeah, let's cheer and let's do it, sure,

1265
01:08:28.159 --> 01:08:30.600
<v Speaker 2>even though very clearly it's going to be used against

1266
01:08:30.680 --> 01:08:33.319
<v Speaker 2>you right afterwards. Oh yeah, but I think you know,

1267
01:08:33.680 --> 01:08:37.439
<v Speaker 2>most people don't think long term. B I think there's

1268
01:08:37.520 --> 01:08:40.640
<v Speaker 2>this it's screwed up anyway, Let's get what we can

1269
01:08:40.760 --> 01:08:42.079
<v Speaker 2>while we can, you know.

1270
01:08:42.600 --> 01:08:46.600
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, And that's something that I understand the impulse of.

1271
01:08:46.880 --> 01:08:50.840
<v Speaker 1>If you are feeling that much despair at the future.

1272
01:08:51.119 --> 01:08:53.399
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean you're already thinking that the system doesn't

1273
01:08:53.479 --> 01:08:56.159
<v Speaker 2>work right and it's unfixable. Right in a system that

1274
01:08:56.239 --> 01:08:58.680
<v Speaker 2>doesn't work and it's unfixable, take what you can while

1275
01:08:58.760 --> 01:08:59.039
<v Speaker 2>you can.

1276
01:08:59.560 --> 01:08:59.720
<v Speaker 3>Well.

1277
01:08:59.800 --> 01:09:02.159
<v Speaker 1>And I guess maybe my sort of view on things

1278
01:09:02.239 --> 01:09:04.319
<v Speaker 1>like that and this is now is kind of getting

1279
01:09:04.319 --> 01:09:07.239
<v Speaker 1>into my views of contemporary life rather than history. But

1280
01:09:07.279 --> 01:09:08.920
<v Speaker 1>I think it is history too to a degree in

1281
01:09:09.000 --> 01:09:10.920
<v Speaker 1>terms of like human nature is just that I think

1282
01:09:11.079 --> 01:09:15.920
<v Speaker 1>people have a tendency, for various reasons, at various times, to.

1283
01:09:16.039 --> 01:09:16.760
<v Speaker 2>Expect too much.

1284
01:09:17.159 --> 01:09:19.119
<v Speaker 1>They expect too much out of life in general, but

1285
01:09:19.199 --> 01:09:21.600
<v Speaker 1>they expect too much out of the system in which

1286
01:09:21.640 --> 01:09:24.760
<v Speaker 1>they live. And it's not to say that they don't

1287
01:09:24.880 --> 01:09:29.560
<v Speaker 1>deserve some measure of dignity and respect from their sure,

1288
01:09:29.800 --> 01:09:32.359
<v Speaker 1>the governing classes or anything like that. I mean I

1289
01:09:32.560 --> 01:09:35.800
<v Speaker 1>would say that they probably do, just from a purely

1290
01:09:35.880 --> 01:09:38.760
<v Speaker 1>pragmatic sense, like it's not smart for a government to

1291
01:09:38.800 --> 01:09:39.720
<v Speaker 1>talk down to its people.

1292
01:09:40.479 --> 01:09:43.039
<v Speaker 2>But I mean also think about is there any single

1293
01:09:43.159 --> 01:09:45.359
<v Speaker 2>government in the war today that you would go like,

1294
01:09:45.560 --> 01:09:48.199
<v Speaker 2>oh my god, these are the best human beings who

1295
01:09:48.239 --> 01:09:51.279
<v Speaker 2>have my best interest at art. I would love to

1296
01:09:51.680 --> 01:09:52.840
<v Speaker 2>live under their rule.

1297
01:09:53.079 --> 01:09:55.680
<v Speaker 1>My joking answer is Halvier Malelet, but not really because

1298
01:09:55.720 --> 01:09:57.640
<v Speaker 1>there's yeah, there's always going to be a trade off,

1299
01:09:57.920 --> 01:10:00.079
<v Speaker 1>as you know, as what you're basically saying, right, like,

1300
01:10:00.119 --> 01:10:02.720
<v Speaker 1>there's always negative there's always negative trade offs to any

1301
01:10:02.880 --> 01:10:04.960
<v Speaker 1>positive leader or positive matter.

1302
01:10:04.840 --> 01:10:07.119
<v Speaker 2>Of course, as you say, they are not all the same, right,

1303
01:10:07.199 --> 01:10:10.640
<v Speaker 2>you know, going on, there's somebody that I'm like, this

1304
01:10:11.039 --> 01:10:14.760
<v Speaker 2>kind of sucks, but you know, it works. It's not

1305
01:10:14.880 --> 01:10:18.560
<v Speaker 2>what I want. It's not idea. It could be so

1306
01:10:18.760 --> 01:10:24.359
<v Speaker 2>much better, but you know, it's like it's annoying, like

1307
01:10:24.479 --> 01:10:28.119
<v Speaker 2>some totalitarian nights. They are not all just because they

1308
01:10:28.119 --> 01:10:30.800
<v Speaker 2>are not perfect any of them doesn't mean they're all

1309
01:10:30.880 --> 01:10:31.159
<v Speaker 2>the same.

1310
01:10:31.319 --> 01:10:33.680
<v Speaker 1>There is also a very disturbing question at the core

1311
01:10:33.720 --> 01:10:35.159
<v Speaker 1>of a lot of this. This is getting way more

1312
01:10:35.199 --> 01:10:38.479
<v Speaker 1>philosophical than I expected, but this is fun. But like

1313
01:10:38.640 --> 01:10:43.319
<v Speaker 1>there are you can't say that there are places where

1314
01:10:44.079 --> 01:10:48.520
<v Speaker 1>certain leaders are rather where there are there are people

1315
01:10:48.640 --> 01:10:52.720
<v Speaker 1>that deserve those leaders, like in the sense that for

1316
01:10:52.840 --> 01:10:55.000
<v Speaker 1>reasons badly. But I'm trying to put it, like I

1317
01:10:55.279 --> 01:10:58.600
<v Speaker 1>jokingly brought up Haavier Malay, and I've heard people say, well,

1318
01:10:58.600 --> 01:11:00.399
<v Speaker 1>why can't we have more leadership like that in the

1319
01:11:00.479 --> 01:11:03.640
<v Speaker 1>United States, And I always say, because we're not Argentina.

1320
01:11:04.279 --> 01:11:07.760
<v Speaker 1>Like Argentina needed somebody like that, clearly because things have

1321
01:11:08.000 --> 01:11:10.279
<v Speaker 1>changed there and in a lot of cases for the better,

1322
01:11:10.439 --> 01:11:13.239
<v Speaker 1>in some cases not. But the point is things were

1323
01:11:13.319 --> 01:11:17.079
<v Speaker 1>not working there and they pick somebody radical, And I

1324
01:11:17.119 --> 01:11:20.680
<v Speaker 1>would say that things were not working as badly here

1325
01:11:21.520 --> 01:11:26.279
<v Speaker 1>when we voted in an obviously radical new administration. They

1326
01:11:26.319 --> 01:11:29.439
<v Speaker 1>weren't working as badly here. But maybe there's a country

1327
01:11:29.479 --> 01:11:31.840
<v Speaker 1>where somebody like Donald Trump would would have thrived better

1328
01:11:31.920 --> 01:11:34.479
<v Speaker 1>than here, is what I'm saying, or operated better as

1329
01:11:34.520 --> 01:11:36.319
<v Speaker 1>a leader than here. I don't know what that country

1330
01:11:36.359 --> 01:11:38.960
<v Speaker 1>would be, but I'm just making the point that it's there.

1331
01:11:39.199 --> 01:11:43.159
<v Speaker 1>Like I think sometimes there are there's just a general

1332
01:11:43.279 --> 01:11:46.560
<v Speaker 1>mismatch between people and leaders, and I think like a

1333
01:11:46.640 --> 01:11:49.159
<v Speaker 1>lot of the time it comes from looking enviously at

1334
01:11:49.239 --> 01:11:49.920
<v Speaker 1>other countries.

1335
01:11:50.680 --> 01:11:52.359
<v Speaker 2>Know what I'm saying, Yeah, yeah, I don't know. I

1336
01:11:52.800 --> 01:11:55.239
<v Speaker 2>have a hard time with the concept of anybody looking

1337
01:11:55.279 --> 01:12:00.960
<v Speaker 2>at any political figure enviously. Well, yeah, to me different degree.

1338
01:12:01.119 --> 01:12:05.319
<v Speaker 2>And again not that I'm saying just because I think

1339
01:12:06.159 --> 01:12:12.239
<v Speaker 2>overall political leadership is almost by nature horrible across the globe.

1340
01:12:12.640 --> 01:12:14.960
<v Speaker 2>That does not mean that they are all the same,

1341
01:12:15.039 --> 01:12:17.760
<v Speaker 2>because again I'm not into the oh, since they are

1342
01:12:17.880 --> 01:12:20.960
<v Speaker 2>not all since none of them is great, that means

1343
01:12:21.000 --> 01:12:21.680
<v Speaker 2>they're all the same.

1344
01:12:21.720 --> 01:12:23.880
<v Speaker 1>It's like, no, there's there's gradations.

1345
01:12:24.039 --> 01:12:29.039
<v Speaker 2>There's big gradation. You know, the guy who shoots you

1346
01:12:29.119 --> 01:12:31.680
<v Speaker 2>in the head is bad. The guy who tortures you

1347
01:12:31.800 --> 01:12:33.680
<v Speaker 2>for a moment before shooting you in the head is

1348
01:12:33.720 --> 01:12:39.319
<v Speaker 2>a lot worse. Yeah, yeah, exactly. So it's like, you know,

1349
01:12:39.760 --> 01:12:43.359
<v Speaker 2>there's but of course, yeah, if you have an expectation

1350
01:12:43.520 --> 01:12:46.159
<v Speaker 2>of something that's great, good and amazing, yeah, the.

1351
01:12:46.319 --> 01:12:48.159
<v Speaker 1>Luck well, and you kind of got into that with

1352
01:12:48.319 --> 01:12:50.399
<v Speaker 1>your series. But the typing rebellion, that's kind of I

1353
01:12:50.479 --> 01:12:52.039
<v Speaker 1>think I've been thinking about a lot of this stuff

1354
01:12:52.039 --> 01:12:54.840
<v Speaker 1>and that that series really didn't like speak to me

1355
01:12:54.960 --> 01:12:58.039
<v Speaker 1>because of that, And I think like you really kind

1356
01:12:58.079 --> 01:13:00.279
<v Speaker 1>of hammered that home, especially with the second episode where

1357
01:13:00.279 --> 01:13:03.000
<v Speaker 1>you talked about well, no, it was all the episodes really,

1358
01:13:03.119 --> 01:13:05.399
<v Speaker 1>the first two especially, but where you talked about the

1359
01:13:05.479 --> 01:13:09.239
<v Speaker 1>reality of living in the Qing dynasty, you know, especially

1360
01:13:09.279 --> 01:13:12.640
<v Speaker 1>if you're a woman you can't walk, yeah, literally talking

1361
01:13:12.640 --> 01:13:15.279
<v Speaker 1>about footbinding like foot I mean, and then but then

1362
01:13:15.319 --> 01:13:17.960
<v Speaker 1>when you talked about how Hong and his follower are

1363
01:13:17.960 --> 01:13:20.880
<v Speaker 1>sort of running things, specifically with the foot binding example,

1364
01:13:21.399 --> 01:13:25.359
<v Speaker 1>if they caught you footbinding, they cut your feet off, Like,

1365
01:13:25.840 --> 01:13:29.680
<v Speaker 1>it's what kind of trade off is that? And that's

1366
01:13:29.720 --> 01:13:31.880
<v Speaker 1>the part that I think, really I struggle with is

1367
01:13:31.960 --> 01:13:35.039
<v Speaker 1>that where I struggle with the determinism again, is that

1368
01:13:35.600 --> 01:13:38.000
<v Speaker 1>is that really the only options we get do we

1369
01:13:38.119 --> 01:13:40.000
<v Speaker 1>really only get to choose been getting our feet cut

1370
01:13:40.039 --> 01:13:43.079
<v Speaker 1>off or our feet bound so to speak, or the

1371
01:13:43.760 --> 01:13:45.760
<v Speaker 1>shot in the head and dumped in a pit or

1372
01:13:45.880 --> 01:13:49.039
<v Speaker 1>tortured for a month like Tadam or isis Like, I

1373
01:13:49.199 --> 01:13:51.520
<v Speaker 1>just don't think that there is like that it should

1374
01:13:51.600 --> 01:13:54.720
<v Speaker 1>be bifurcated like that. But I worry sometimes that that's

1375
01:13:54.800 --> 01:13:57.680
<v Speaker 1>sort of the position that we always find ourselves in.

1376
01:13:57.880 --> 01:13:59.720
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean it's kind of like I was lecturing,

1377
01:13:59.800 --> 01:14:02.520
<v Speaker 2>yeah today in class about like the Chaerokeyes in the

1378
01:14:02.600 --> 01:14:06.399
<v Speaker 2>eighteen thirty and they are louting front the you know,

1379
01:14:06.680 --> 01:14:11.199
<v Speaker 2>you can try to resist against the US government You're

1380
01:14:11.239 --> 01:14:15.520
<v Speaker 2>probably gonna get crushed, yeah, Or you can abandon your homeland,

1381
01:14:15.560 --> 01:14:19.039
<v Speaker 2>abound everything, you have to travel to Oklahoma on a

1382
01:14:19.199 --> 01:14:22.079
<v Speaker 2>fleancy promise. They are gonna get to keep what they

1383
01:14:22.199 --> 01:14:25.479
<v Speaker 2>give you there after they've broken promises about seventy two

1384
01:14:25.560 --> 01:14:28.359
<v Speaker 2>times before. I mean, obviously they.

1385
01:14:28.239 --> 01:14:32.600
<v Speaker 1>Are both horrible choices, war or ethnic cleansing. Which one?

1386
01:14:32.720 --> 01:14:35.640
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's like, which one do I want it? And

1387
01:14:35.760 --> 01:14:38.520
<v Speaker 2>of course, inevitably what happens is that when people are

1388
01:14:38.640 --> 01:14:45.239
<v Speaker 2>off for horrible choices, they will fracture trying to figure out, well, yeah,

1389
01:14:45.279 --> 01:14:47.279
<v Speaker 2>this is horrible, but it's not as horrible as the

1390
01:14:47.399 --> 01:14:50.359
<v Speaker 2>other one. And you know, and usually when they are

1391
01:14:50.439 --> 01:14:52.560
<v Speaker 2>looking at the other one, they are spot on in

1392
01:14:52.680 --> 01:14:55.239
<v Speaker 2>pointing to all the problems with the other one. But

1393
01:14:55.399 --> 01:14:57.720
<v Speaker 2>often sometimes they forget about all the problems with the

1394
01:14:57.800 --> 01:15:00.560
<v Speaker 2>one that they decide to embrace my default. But it

1395
01:15:00.680 --> 01:15:05.399
<v Speaker 2>does become a game of you know, rock or hard Place,

1396
01:15:05.800 --> 01:15:10.119
<v Speaker 2>and which clearly is a terrible game, but the worst game. Yeah,

1397
01:15:10.520 --> 01:15:13.720
<v Speaker 2>but in some in some situations and in politics, that

1398
01:15:13.840 --> 01:15:18.079
<v Speaker 2>happens fairly often. That's often the case of what you're looking.

1399
01:15:17.920 --> 01:15:20.119
<v Speaker 1>At, Yeah, I mean, and that's why I always end

1400
01:15:20.199 --> 01:15:23.520
<v Speaker 1>up turning to like dark Humor and Syncess, because you're

1401
01:15:23.520 --> 01:15:25.800
<v Speaker 1>saying that I'm just imagining that, and I'm just like, well,

1402
01:15:26.039 --> 01:15:28.279
<v Speaker 1>at least, you know, I can see why characters like

1403
01:15:28.399 --> 01:15:33.119
<v Speaker 1>John Ross decided, well I get to keep my slaves. Yeah, cleansing.

1404
01:15:33.800 --> 01:15:37.680
<v Speaker 2>So yeah, no, totally is I listened to a podcast

1405
01:15:37.840 --> 01:15:42.600
<v Speaker 2>by our colleague Sebastian Major and R Fake History, and

1406
01:15:42.720 --> 01:15:46.399
<v Speaker 2>he had this He did this podcast on Joaquin Marietta

1407
01:15:46.680 --> 01:15:50.880
<v Speaker 2>was this legendary outlaw in California that probably inspires Zorro.

1408
01:15:51.439 --> 01:15:54.119
<v Speaker 2>And and the thing that he was going into is

1409
01:15:54.199 --> 01:15:56.760
<v Speaker 2>that one of the early sources of Marietta was this

1410
01:15:56.960 --> 01:15:57.640
<v Speaker 2>Cherokee guy.

1411
01:15:57.960 --> 01:16:01.359
<v Speaker 1>Was the song I Forgot if You the John rosson or.

1412
01:16:01.479 --> 01:16:02.920
<v Speaker 2>Was one of them, was one of the guys who

1413
01:16:03.000 --> 01:16:06.880
<v Speaker 2>signed a treaty to move to Oklahoma. And so he's like,

1414
01:16:07.000 --> 01:16:09.119
<v Speaker 2>on one end he's a proud Cherokee. On the other

1415
01:16:09.279 --> 01:16:13.640
<v Speaker 2>endother Cherokees killed his father because he was. So it's

1416
01:16:13.720 --> 01:16:16.199
<v Speaker 2>one of those that is like he gets complicated.

1417
01:16:16.279 --> 01:16:18.399
<v Speaker 1>To say, at least a rock and a hard place

1418
01:16:18.479 --> 01:16:20.399
<v Speaker 1>is a really good way to put it. And that

1419
01:16:20.680 --> 01:16:22.600
<v Speaker 1>does always seem to be what it comes down to

1420
01:16:22.720 --> 01:16:26.560
<v Speaker 1>a lot of the time for the Sophie's choices as

1421
01:16:26.680 --> 01:16:29.319
<v Speaker 1>I like to call them, you know, in history, and

1422
01:16:30.039 --> 01:16:31.880
<v Speaker 1>and I do, and I think that at least for me,

1423
01:16:32.039 --> 01:16:33.359
<v Speaker 1>I mean, I don't want to speak for you, but

1424
01:16:33.439 --> 01:16:35.720
<v Speaker 1>I think you use some appreciation for that. Those are

1425
01:16:35.760 --> 01:16:39.600
<v Speaker 1>the moments of the highest of drama in history, of course,

1426
01:16:39.680 --> 01:16:43.079
<v Speaker 1>and I think, like, what's funny is that even though

1427
01:16:43.119 --> 01:16:45.840
<v Speaker 1>we don't get so much of that like on the

1428
01:16:45.960 --> 01:16:48.640
<v Speaker 1>ground as we could with the story of Hongshou twin,

1429
01:16:49.159 --> 01:16:50.920
<v Speaker 1>and that just has to do with sources, I think

1430
01:16:50.960 --> 01:16:51.800
<v Speaker 1>more than anything else.

1431
01:16:52.560 --> 01:16:52.680
<v Speaker 3>Uh.

1432
01:16:53.760 --> 01:16:55.800
<v Speaker 1>I do think that that's a good example of that

1433
01:16:56.039 --> 01:16:59.880
<v Speaker 1>because if you look at the status quo of what

1434
01:17:00.159 --> 01:17:03.119
<v Speaker 1>Chin dynasty shadow was like, it was not ideal.

1435
01:17:03.000 --> 01:17:05.239
<v Speaker 2>No, it was ter shit. And I think that's how

1436
01:17:05.319 --> 01:17:08.479
<v Speaker 2>often we end up in horrible situations, is that nobody

1437
01:17:08.640 --> 01:17:11.079
<v Speaker 2>takes a perfect great situation and go, you know what,

1438
01:17:11.159 --> 01:17:15.520
<v Speaker 2>I want to dive headfirst into shit. Usually what happens

1439
01:17:15.720 --> 01:17:19.640
<v Speaker 2>is you're dealing with problems of various skill and then

1440
01:17:19.760 --> 01:17:22.920
<v Speaker 2>in order to address this problem, you embrace something that

1441
01:17:23.119 --> 01:17:26.760
<v Speaker 2>promises to fix them, and that creates problems that are

1442
01:17:27.079 --> 01:17:28.600
<v Speaker 2>way worse than what you add.

1443
01:17:28.840 --> 01:17:31.119
<v Speaker 1>And that seems to me that kind of ties it

1444
01:17:31.159 --> 01:17:33.720
<v Speaker 1>into what my sort of overall I don't know what

1445
01:17:33.800 --> 01:17:36.880
<v Speaker 1>you would call it, just sort of vibe check on

1446
01:17:37.000 --> 01:17:40.600
<v Speaker 1>Protestant Christianity, and it's like before that, before you bring

1447
01:17:40.720 --> 01:17:41.039
<v Speaker 1>it all.

1448
01:17:41.119 --> 01:17:45.239
<v Speaker 2>But it's kind of like, you know, the tridio versaile sucks.

1449
01:17:45.880 --> 01:17:49.079
<v Speaker 2>Our poor German column is in shambles. This guy seem

1450
01:17:49.159 --> 01:17:51.439
<v Speaker 2>to have a good plan to get us out of there.

1451
01:17:51.960 --> 01:17:53.920
<v Speaker 2>Come on, let's give you a chance. Look at the

1452
01:17:53.960 --> 01:17:54.840
<v Speaker 2>shit we're dealing with.

1453
01:17:56.359 --> 01:17:59.600
<v Speaker 1>That is actually probably the most like relevant example the

1454
01:17:59.640 --> 01:18:01.880
<v Speaker 1>most people who care about history, because it is the

1455
01:18:02.039 --> 01:18:06.520
<v Speaker 1>ultimate Sophie's choice for them. I mean, well, they.

1456
01:18:06.159 --> 01:18:08.319
<v Speaker 2>Don't know where it is going, well, right, I mean well,

1457
01:18:08.600 --> 01:18:09.960
<v Speaker 2>that was the thing is that they had, you know.

1458
01:18:10.079 --> 01:18:14.119
<v Speaker 1>Social democracy, and it was going It was interesting, and

1459
01:18:14.199 --> 01:18:16.039
<v Speaker 1>it was a very for the time. It was a

1460
01:18:16.199 --> 01:18:20.399
<v Speaker 1>very new democratic experiment that was very impressive. But they

1461
01:18:20.560 --> 01:18:23.039
<v Speaker 1>clearly were not happy with it for multiple reasons and

1462
01:18:23.119 --> 01:18:25.319
<v Speaker 1>what had happened and they had to and then the

1463
01:18:25.399 --> 01:18:28.159
<v Speaker 1>sophie's choice within that sophie's choice was let's stick with

1464
01:18:28.279 --> 01:18:32.079
<v Speaker 1>this discomfort, this hyperinflation, or let's go with the Kamis

1465
01:18:32.319 --> 01:18:35.199
<v Speaker 1>or these really weird Nazi people. You know, it's like,

1466
01:18:35.279 --> 01:18:38.359
<v Speaker 1>I don't know, you don't really have a good choice there.

1467
01:18:38.560 --> 01:18:38.680
<v Speaker 3>Now.

1468
01:18:38.880 --> 01:18:42.720
<v Speaker 2>Clearly when you look at it, originally was the best scenario,

1469
01:18:43.319 --> 01:18:45.600
<v Speaker 2>but clearly the best scenario still sucked.

1470
01:18:45.439 --> 01:18:47.800
<v Speaker 1>Right, And that's what I think was happening maybe with well,

1471
01:18:47.880 --> 01:18:50.439
<v Speaker 1>there only really seemed to be two choices with China

1472
01:18:50.479 --> 01:18:52.840
<v Speaker 1>at least, But that's what I'm wondering, Like in terms

1473
01:18:52.880 --> 01:18:55.680
<v Speaker 1>of like, what I find so fascinate about Protestantism is

1474
01:18:55.720 --> 01:18:59.159
<v Speaker 1>that it often seems to be the impetus for that

1475
01:18:59.399 --> 01:19:01.119
<v Speaker 1>kind of thing, that kind of shift, And I think

1476
01:19:01.159 --> 01:19:02.880
<v Speaker 1>it has to do with how it is structured, like

1477
01:19:02.960 --> 01:19:06.520
<v Speaker 1>it has that individualism that we love so much baked

1478
01:19:06.560 --> 01:19:10.439
<v Speaker 1>into it. And whether or not it was necessary for

1479
01:19:10.560 --> 01:19:13.439
<v Speaker 1>the Enlightenment to occur is trying to be irrelevant. They came,

1480
01:19:14.039 --> 01:19:16.600
<v Speaker 1>I mean they were, they came of age together, so

1481
01:19:16.760 --> 01:19:20.399
<v Speaker 1>to speak. And I think that this appreciation of individualism

1482
01:19:20.520 --> 01:19:22.600
<v Speaker 1>is this thing that has allowed for change to happen

1483
01:19:22.720 --> 01:19:26.800
<v Speaker 1>so quickly, so often, and so many different contexts around

1484
01:19:26.840 --> 01:19:29.399
<v Speaker 1>the world. But at the same time, I think what

1485
01:19:29.560 --> 01:19:32.920
<v Speaker 1>it has helped us do is notice these Sophie's choices

1486
01:19:33.600 --> 01:19:36.800
<v Speaker 1>and then force us to make those choices, and that

1487
01:19:37.039 --> 01:19:40.079
<v Speaker 1>leads to the problems that come down the line. So

1488
01:19:40.760 --> 01:19:43.399
<v Speaker 1>the conservative impulse is to say that's not a we

1489
01:19:43.479 --> 01:19:45.560
<v Speaker 1>just shouldn't be making those choices. We shouldn't be aware

1490
01:19:45.560 --> 01:19:50.079
<v Speaker 1>of those choices because it's they're too possibly inherently destabilizing.

1491
01:19:50.199 --> 01:19:52.199
<v Speaker 1>But at the same time, we miss out on a

1492
01:19:52.279 --> 01:19:54.239
<v Speaker 1>lot of good stuff if we don't have it, So

1493
01:19:55.000 --> 01:19:57.319
<v Speaker 1>we get that sort of trade off from from it,

1494
01:19:57.479 --> 01:20:00.279
<v Speaker 1>maybe more than we otherwise would have, and then we.

1495
01:20:00.319 --> 01:20:03.439
<v Speaker 2>Get the same trade offs even technologically. Oh yeah, right,

1496
01:20:03.720 --> 01:20:07.119
<v Speaker 2>is like, hey, Internet is fantastic. It to open all

1497
01:20:07.159 --> 01:20:09.560
<v Speaker 2>these doors. Oh my god, the level of depressure on

1498
01:20:09.600 --> 01:20:12.640
<v Speaker 2>suicide is skyrocketing because of social media. It's like it's

1499
01:20:12.680 --> 01:20:15.239
<v Speaker 2>a mix of things, you know. It's that's what makes

1500
01:20:15.279 --> 01:20:20.640
<v Speaker 2>it complicated that changes are rarely very clearly identifiable as

1501
01:20:20.680 --> 01:20:21.479
<v Speaker 2>black or white.

1502
01:20:21.720 --> 01:20:23.039
<v Speaker 1>I can't think of a single one that is.

1503
01:20:23.159 --> 01:20:24.760
<v Speaker 2>No, it's actually it's usually a mess.

1504
01:20:24.960 --> 01:20:28.159
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it's evolution is a mess. Yeah, that's kind of

1505
01:20:28.199 --> 01:20:32.439
<v Speaker 1>what we're mirroring for for Yeah, this is the most free,

1506
01:20:32.479 --> 01:20:34.720
<v Speaker 1>willing conversation I've had in a while, So thank you

1507
01:20:34.960 --> 01:20:38.760
<v Speaker 1>again for having it with me. I'm sure we'll have

1508
01:20:38.880 --> 01:20:41.880
<v Speaker 1>something else to talk about that won't necessarily just be video.

1509
01:20:41.720 --> 01:20:45.239
<v Speaker 2>Games, but yeah, we'll try even because video games are

1510
01:20:45.279 --> 01:20:45.840
<v Speaker 2>so good.

1511
01:20:45.960 --> 01:20:48.000
<v Speaker 1>Well, yeah, and I'm actually gonna probably at least be

1512
01:20:48.079 --> 01:20:50.439
<v Speaker 1>talking to you about shadows to see how it is.

1513
01:20:51.640 --> 01:20:54.760
<v Speaker 2>Absolutely but yes, that was it for this.

1514
01:20:54.840 --> 01:20:58.079
<v Speaker 1>Conversation, guys. Thank you again to Danielle for coming on.

1515
01:20:59.119 --> 01:21:01.439
<v Speaker 1>And I'm not going to say where can people find

1516
01:21:01.479 --> 01:21:02.960
<v Speaker 1>you because they all know where they can find you,

1517
01:21:03.079 --> 01:21:06.119
<v Speaker 1>which is History on Fire. Yes, listen to History on

1518
01:21:06.239 --> 01:23:23.600
<v Speaker 1>Fire guys, and thank you again. All right, everybody, glad

1519
01:23:23.640 --> 01:23:25.880
<v Speaker 1>to still have you here. Those of you stuck around

1520
01:23:27.000 --> 01:23:31.520
<v Speaker 1>for the post credit wrap up. I guess there's not

1521
01:23:31.720 --> 01:23:34.600
<v Speaker 1>much to say here except I really hope you guys

1522
01:23:34.760 --> 01:23:39.399
<v Speaker 1>enjoyed the conversation that Danielle and I had before we

1523
01:23:39.479 --> 01:23:41.000
<v Speaker 1>get going. I want to give a couple of shout

1524
01:23:41.039 --> 01:23:43.720
<v Speaker 1>outs to the people kind and generous enough to support

1525
01:23:43.800 --> 01:23:47.720
<v Speaker 1>this show over on Patreon at the Comrades and Friends

1526
01:23:47.800 --> 01:23:52.479
<v Speaker 1>level or above. Those people include Zazu, Ben Ben, Bob Downing,

1527
01:23:52.880 --> 01:23:57.439
<v Speaker 1>Sam Graham, Greg Hunter, s O, Skip Pacheco, Molly Pan,

1528
01:23:57.880 --> 01:24:01.960
<v Speaker 1>John Pisano, on A, R PJ Raider, Matthew m Rice,

1529
01:24:02.279 --> 01:24:06.399
<v Speaker 1>Philip Rice, Emily Schmidt, Pierre Vapuni, and as always, Fu

1530
01:24:07.840 --> 01:24:11.159
<v Speaker 1>and I want to just say again I really appreciate

1531
01:24:11.239 --> 01:24:13.119
<v Speaker 1>the support that these people have given me, but that

1532
01:24:13.279 --> 01:24:16.199
<v Speaker 1>everybody has given me over on Patreon or substack, or

1533
01:24:16.439 --> 01:24:19.840
<v Speaker 1>just generally by listening to the show. As always, please

1534
01:24:20.000 --> 01:24:24.079
<v Speaker 1>remember to share this show with anybody you think might

1535
01:24:24.319 --> 01:24:27.199
<v Speaker 1>enjoy these kinds of conversations or these kinds of stories

1536
01:24:27.239 --> 01:24:30.560
<v Speaker 1>that we get into here. And please stay tuned for

1537
01:24:30.960 --> 01:24:37.319
<v Speaker 1>the next installment in this exploration of American Christian history,

1538
01:24:37.840 --> 01:24:40.479
<v Speaker 1>specifically of Protestantism. But we're really going to be getting

1539
01:24:40.520 --> 01:24:45.159
<v Speaker 1>into more specific events with the next episode, so again,

1540
01:24:45.279 --> 01:24:49.159
<v Speaker 1>please stay tuned, and thank you again for listening and

1541
01:24:49.359 --> 01:24:50.399
<v Speaker 1>for all of your support.
