WEBVTT

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<v Speaker 1>They have a gang with Sippy's young kids. With that,

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<v Speaker 1>I to seeing each other in the ninety nineties. The

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<v Speaker 1>line between fox Chase and Abington wasn't just a municipal boundary.

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<v Speaker 1>It was a dividing line between two worlds. On one side,

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<v Speaker 1>you had Fox Chase, a tight knit neighborhood in northeast

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<v Speaker 1>Philadelphia with row homes, Catholic parishes, and corner bars where

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<v Speaker 1>everybody knew your uncle. On the other, Abington Township was

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<v Speaker 1>a leafy stretch of Montgomery County suburbia with bigger houses,

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<v Speaker 1>cleaner streets, and schools that seemed to have more funding

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<v Speaker 1>and more rules. To kids growing up in fox Chase,

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<v Speaker 1>Abington might as well have been a foreign country. The

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<v Speaker 1>joke about how you could smell the suburbs as second

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<v Speaker 1>you cross the city line at Cheltenham Avenue. But underneath

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<v Speaker 1>the jokes was tension, the kind that could flare up

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<v Speaker 1>at the back parking lot of the Willow Grove Mall,

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<v Speaker 1>or after a Sunday night party when someone from the

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<v Speaker 1>other side showed up uninvited. The rivalry wasn't just about territory.

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<v Speaker 1>It was about pride, class, and reputation. Foxchase kids grew

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<v Speaker 1>up with a certain edge. Most came from working class

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<v Speaker 1>families where toughness was a virtue and loyalty wasn't optional.

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<v Speaker 1>Many had older brothers who fought the same fights, hung

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<v Speaker 1>out at the same pizza rays and playgrounds, and down

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<v Speaker 1>stories about brawls in the Holy Redeemer parking lot. A

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<v Speaker 1>lot of fox Chase was considered more middle class, but

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<v Speaker 1>compared to Abington, even these parts were seen as rougher.

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<v Speaker 1>Kids from Abington, especially those around Rosslyn and the High School,

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<v Speaker 1>were seen by fox Chase tains as soft, more privileged,

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<v Speaker 1>and more sheltered. But in Abington's eyes, the Foxchase crowd

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<v Speaker 1>was wild, unpredictable, and always looking to prove something. It

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<v Speaker 1>didn't take much to spark a fight. A sideways glance

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<v Speaker 1>at a bus stop, somebody flirting with the wrong girl

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<v Speaker 1>at a party, a shove in a skill hallway, or

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<v Speaker 1>a rumor passed down through friends of friends. Sometimes the

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<v Speaker 1>fights were planned somewhere impromptu, and then one winter night

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<v Speaker 1>in ninety ninety four, something snapped. That night, a group

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<v Speaker 1>of teenagers from Abington grammed into a car, gripping baseball

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<v Speaker 1>bats with numb fingers and tight jaws. Their breath fogged

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<v Speaker 1>up the windows as they drove into fox Chase. They

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<v Speaker 1>weren't looking to talk. They were looking for blood. Eddie

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<v Speaker 1>Pollock was a sixteen year old senior a Cardinal Dockerty

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<v Speaker 1>High School in fox Chase. By all coins, he was

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<v Speaker 1>the kind of kid that every parent hoped their child

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<v Speaker 1>would be friends with, the kind of teenager who still

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<v Speaker 1>said please and thank you, who showed up to Sunday

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<v Speaker 1>Mass without complaint. He had come from a family steped

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<v Speaker 1>in tradition. His father, John and older sister had both

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<v Speaker 1>walked the same hallways at Dockerty. His younger brother, Billy,

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<v Speaker 1>who was fourteen years old, had only just started as

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<v Speaker 1>freshman year there. It was the kind of family where

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<v Speaker 1>dinner was at the same time every night, and where

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<v Speaker 1>sports weren't just played, they were earned. Eddie wasn't the

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<v Speaker 1>kind of kid who coasted on natural talent. When he

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<v Speaker 1>wanted to join the wrestling he didn't just show up.

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<v Speaker 1>He trained. He filled plastic grocery bags with canned goods,

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<v Speaker 1>and then ran laps around the neighborhood a church. He

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<v Speaker 1>was an older boy with a sharp wit and a

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<v Speaker 1>grin that made even the grumpiest parishioners laugh. During a

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<v Speaker 1>service project delivering fruit baskets to the elderly, Eddie dropped

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<v Speaker 1>a full container of strawberries into the church parking lot

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<v Speaker 1>without missing a bait. He scooped them back up, brushed

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<v Speaker 1>them off, and then turned to the priest with a

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<v Speaker 1>grin and said, a little motor oil. Never heard anybody

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<v Speaker 1>that was just Edie. Earnest, funny, and unpolished in all

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<v Speaker 1>the right ways. He had a softness to him as well,

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<v Speaker 1>especially when it came to animals. It wasn't uncommon for

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<v Speaker 1>him to come home cradling a bird with a broken

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<v Speaker 1>wing or leading a limping stray dog by the collar.

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<v Speaker 1>He had a big heart that didn't know how to

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<v Speaker 1>turn away from something that was in pain. Weekends were sacred,

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<v Speaker 1>and not just for mass If you were looking for

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<v Speaker 1>Eddie on a Saturday afternoon, you would probably find him

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<v Speaker 1>at Foxchase Wreck simply known as the Wreck. It was

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<v Speaker 1>the heartbeat of the neighborhood, where local boys shot hoops,

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<v Speaker 1>swapped stories, and tried to act a little older than

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<v Speaker 1>they were. Eddie wasn't the best basketball player. His friends

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<v Speaker 1>loved to tease him about that, but he didn't care.

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<v Speaker 1>He loved the game and just loved being there. At

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<v Speaker 1>home games, he had a favorite spot, a large boxy

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<v Speaker 1>seating section above the east basket called the Looney Bin.

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<v Speaker 1>From here Eddie would shout down they guse friends on

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<v Speaker 1>the court and hackle them withinside jokes. One friend, Sharon Donohue,

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<v Speaker 1>put it simply, he was a nice guy, not like

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<v Speaker 1>the other boys. He was friends with everyone, and it

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<v Speaker 1>was true. Eddie wasn't flashy, he wasn't loud, He wasn't

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<v Speaker 1>the kind of teenager one would expect to end up

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<v Speaker 1>in headlines. He was just a good kid, the kind

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<v Speaker 1>who made people feel like they belonged, the kind who

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<v Speaker 1>brought humor to Sunday mornings and tenderness to broken winged birds,

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<v Speaker 1>The kind who should have had so much more time.

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<v Speaker 1>It was Friday night, the eleventh of November nineteen ninety

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<v Speaker 1>four in Fox Chase. That meant friend's fast food and curfews.

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<v Speaker 1>For Eddie Polock, it meant what it always meant, sticking

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<v Speaker 1>close to home, hanging out at the wreck, maybe grabbing

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<v Speaker 1>something to eat, and making it back home before eleven

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<v Speaker 1>thirty pm. He liked to end his nights the same way.

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<v Speaker 1>Every weekend, playing Poe with his dad in the basement,

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<v Speaker 1>eating pizza, just the two of them. That night, Eddie

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<v Speaker 1>was with his younger brother Billy, and a group of

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<v Speaker 1>their friends. Their mother, Kathy, had offered to cook dinner,

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<v Speaker 1>but the boys had other plans. McDonald's was calling. Kathy

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<v Speaker 1>handed each of them five dollars and dropped them off

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<v Speaker 1>at a friend's house. From there, they made the familiar

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<v Speaker 1>walk to the Fox Chase Wrecks Center, just across the

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<v Speaker 1>train tracks up Rockwell Avenue. It was just a typical

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<v Speaker 1>Friday night. After the wreck, they headed to work to McDonald's.

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<v Speaker 1>But that night something fell off. The sound came first, tires,

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<v Speaker 1>screeching engines, roaring headlights cutting across the parking lot like searchlights.

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<v Speaker 1>Then came the people. Car slammed to a stop and

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<v Speaker 1>doors burst open. Dozens of teenagers poured out of the cars,

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<v Speaker 1>and then dozens turned into scores. There were maybe seventy

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<v Speaker 1>of them. They spilled into the parking lot in waves, yelling, pacing,

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<v Speaker 1>and circling. The air crackled with something meaner and angrier.

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<v Speaker 1>They weren't there for fries or milkshakes. They were there

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<v Speaker 1>for a fight. They were there for blood. The feud

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<v Speaker 1>between fox Chase and Abington wasn't new. It had been

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<v Speaker 1>burning for decades, passed down from one class of teenagers

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<v Speaker 1>to the next like an ugly family heirloom. The border

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<v Speaker 1>between the two towns wasn't just asphalt and signage. It

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<v Speaker 1>was tribal, and sometimes that tribe turned toxic. Police Inspector

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<v Speaker 1>John Norris put it bluntly when he said, in the

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<v Speaker 1>old days you would have seen fistfights. There was a

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<v Speaker 1>terf psychology the northwest. But that's all over the northeast.

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<v Speaker 1>Except it wasn't over, not really. The tension had been

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<v Speaker 1>simmering and all it really needed was a spark. That

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<v Speaker 1>spark came a weak earlier. It started with a car

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<v Speaker 1>ride to Abington. Girls Diana and Jessica, were driving behind

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<v Speaker 1>a car of their male friends. The boys pulled into

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<v Speaker 1>the McDonald's parking lot across from the wreck, and the

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<v Speaker 1>girls followed. At first, it was just to stop for food.

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<v Speaker 1>A few minutes later, a couple of fox Chase boys

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<v Speaker 1>walked through the lot, flanked by the two girls. One

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<v Speaker 1>of them locked eyes with somebody from the Abington car.

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<v Speaker 1>What are you looking at? He said? Nothing? Man, Why

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<v Speaker 1>don't you keep walking? Came the reply, But it didn't

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<v Speaker 1>end there. Do you want to fight? Come on, we'll

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<v Speaker 1>take it back to the wreck. I'll fuck you up,

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<v Speaker 1>then I'll spit on your girl. The tone shifted. The

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<v Speaker 1>girls who had been with the Fox Chase boys peeled away,

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<v Speaker 1>and Diana and Jessica suddenly found themselves alone and outnumbered.

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<v Speaker 1>The parking lot filled in fast. Dinnah said it was

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<v Speaker 1>like they appeared from nowhere. There were thirty kids, maybe more.

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<v Speaker 1>She said. The boys we were with just took off.

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<v Speaker 1>They left us there. It was chaos. Diana said that

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<v Speaker 1>they were shoved, harassed, screamed that they were spit on.

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<v Speaker 1>Somebody hurled soda into their car. The two girls made

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<v Speaker 1>it back to their car and sped off. They went

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<v Speaker 1>home to Abington and told their friends what had happened,

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<v Speaker 1>but by the time the story made its way through

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<v Speaker 1>the hallways of Abington Heights, it had changed. Rumors spread

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<v Speaker 1>that the girls had been raped. Nobody could say by who, when,

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<v Speaker 1>or of it actually happened, but the rumor didn't need

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<v Speaker 1>details for it to stick. By the next weekend, the

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<v Speaker 1>boys at Abington were organizing. They start joking about renting

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<v Speaker 1>a U haul to head into the city. They weren't

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<v Speaker 1>going to wait for another chance encounter. So on Friday night,

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<v Speaker 1>November eleventh, the same night that Eddie Pollock was out

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<v Speaker 1>with his friends, three cars left the Willow Grove Park

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<v Speaker 1>mall loaded with boys. They weren't just coming to talk,

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<v Speaker 1>they were armed with baseball bats. On the way, more

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<v Speaker 1>cars joined in, one filled with girls, including Jessica and Diana.

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<v Speaker 1>The destination wasn't random. They were heading to the place

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<v Speaker 1>where it all began, Fox Chase McDonald's. Eddie and a

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<v Speaker 1>few of his friends and brother were still in the

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<v Speaker 1>McDonald's parking lot when the Abington teenagers arrived. They stormed

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<v Speaker 1>out of their vehicles. There were dozens of them, most

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<v Speaker 1>wielding baseball bats. Some had bottles, some more steal too boots,

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<v Speaker 1>some just had fists clenched tight. The screaming started, first slurs, threats,

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<v Speaker 1>demands to fight, and then came the smashing. Car windows shattered,

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<v Speaker 1>tires screeched again as cars repositioned. A group of fox

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<v Speaker 1>Chase teenagers hanging out nearby, and before they could react,

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<v Speaker 1>the violence erupted. A melli broke out, punches, flu bats, swung,

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<v Speaker 1>people ran. People who witnessed it said that it was

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<v Speaker 1>and his friends didn't run it first. Sean later recalled,

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<v Speaker 1>it seemed like there were seventy of them. They kept coming.

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<v Speaker 1>Eddie and I didn't run it first. They didn't have

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<v Speaker 1>any reason to run. They hadn't done anything wrong. They

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<v Speaker 1>weren't part of whatever grudge had boiled over. They were

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<v Speaker 1>just there, caught in the middle. But the fight was

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<v Speaker 1>everywhere now. Fox Chase teens tried to escape on foot.

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<v Speaker 1>Abington teens gave chase by car, swerving up straights, hopping curbs,

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<v Speaker 1>prowling for targets, Eddie and his younger brother Billy, and

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<v Speaker 1>their friend Sean decided to get out of there and

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<v Speaker 1>walk home. They got through the parking lot of Saint

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<v Speaker 1>Cecelia's Church. It was a familiar place, quiet and usually safe,

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<v Speaker 1>but not tonight. As they crossed the lot, five cars

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<v Speaker 1>pulled in behind them. In formation slung open, and teenage

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<v Speaker 1>boys poured out, brandishing baseball bats. They turned on Eddie

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<v Speaker 1>and his friends. They took off on foot, but Eddie

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<v Speaker 1>was at the back. One bat swung hard towards his head.

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<v Speaker 1>He arched his back and narrowly dodged it, but then

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<v Speaker 1>Eddie's foot caught on something and he tripped over. He

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<v Speaker 1>hit the ground hard. Within seconds, they were on him.

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<v Speaker 1>Eddie was punched and kicked from every angle. He tried

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<v Speaker 1>to shield himself, curling in to himself, but it didn't matter.

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<v Speaker 1>They struck him with bats again and again. Some of

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<v Speaker 1>them wore steel toad boots and used them. Sharon Donahue

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<v Speaker 1>saw it all happen. She knew Edie. They'd worked near

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<v Speaker 1>each other at the Huntington Valley shopping center. Eddie cooked

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<v Speaker 1>at Boston Chicken with her uncle. Sharen worked part time

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<v Speaker 1>at Woolworth's. She and her friend Terry had been hanging

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<v Speaker 1>out when they heard the yelling, then the screaming. Then

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<v Speaker 1>they saw the crowd. Sharon started shouting, pleading, begging them

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<v Speaker 1>to stop. She watched on in horror as Eddie was

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<v Speaker 1>lifted by his arms and legs and swung back and

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<v Speaker 1>forth like a rag doll. He was then held up

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<v Speaker 1>in place as bats connected with his head and torso

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<v Speaker 1>they dropped him to the ground, but they kept going.

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<v Speaker 1>The sound was horrific. The crack of the bat on

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<v Speaker 1>Eddie's bones then came the silence. The attackers fled, rushing

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<v Speaker 1>back to their cars and speeding off into the night.

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<v Speaker 1>Sharon ran to Eddie's side. She dropped her knees and

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<v Speaker 1>cradled his head in her lap. His face was covered

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<v Speaker 1>in blood. One eye was shut and the other was

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<v Speaker 1>rolling uncontrollably. He wasn't speaking, he wasn't moving, but he

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00:15:41.080 --> 00:15:45.799
<v Speaker 1>was still breathing. Sharon recalled, he was breathing kind of weird,

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<v Speaker 1>but I thought he was going to be all right.

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<v Speaker 1>That's what I kept telling him, It's going to be

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<v Speaker 1>all right. She screamed for help, for someone, anyone to

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<v Speaker 1>call nine one one She then ran to a payphone

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00:15:57.240 --> 00:16:01.000
<v Speaker 1>and called police herself. Others had already called as well,

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00:16:01.799 --> 00:16:06.360
<v Speaker 1>they're pack kase, they're really noisy inside the MacDonald's. In

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<v Speaker 1>the party, residents had come out of their homes to

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00:16:09.799 --> 00:16:12.559
<v Speaker 1>see what the noise was. Some of them were already

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00:16:12.559 --> 00:16:16.759
<v Speaker 1>on the phone with emergency services. People in McDonald's had

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00:16:16.799 --> 00:16:20.000
<v Speaker 1>already called as well. I have a busy and I

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00:16:20.039 --> 00:16:23.639
<v Speaker 1>deserved one of my customers windows, but nobody came. Five

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<v Speaker 1>minutes past ten fifteen, still nothing. It would be forty

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<v Speaker 1>minutes before help arrived. By then, Eddie's breaths were thin.

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<v Speaker 1>He was fading fast. Parmedics loaded him into an ambulance,

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00:16:38.200 --> 00:16:42.080
<v Speaker 1>and their sirens broke the night. They sped towards Albert

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<v Speaker 1>Einstein Medical Center, but by then it was already too late.

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<v Speaker 1>Eddie died the next morning. He was just sixteen years old.

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<v Speaker 1>At the Medical Examiner's office, doctor ain Hood conducted the autopsy.

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<v Speaker 1>What he found was horrifying. Eddie had been struck in

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<v Speaker 1>the head at least eight times with a baseball bat.

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<v Speaker 1>His skull had been crushed so badly that doctor had

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<v Speaker 1>compared it to a dropped eggshell. There were half inch

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00:17:09.200 --> 00:17:12.720
<v Speaker 1>gaps in the cranium. Defensive wounds showed that Eddie had

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00:17:12.759 --> 00:17:17.400
<v Speaker 1>tried desperately to protect himself. The first blow had likely

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00:17:17.440 --> 00:17:34.519
<v Speaker 1>stunned him. After that, he never stood a chance. Within

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<v Speaker 1>ours of Eddie Pollock's death, grief spilled into the streets

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<v Speaker 1>of fox Chase outside Saint Cecelia's Church, and makeshift memorial

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00:17:41.720 --> 00:17:47.319
<v Speaker 1>began to grow. People left on floors, photographs, candles, handwritten letters.

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<v Speaker 1>The pavement was still stained with Eddie's blood. Somebody had

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<v Speaker 1>placed a small sign directly over the dried red streaks,

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<v Speaker 1>which read I believe in peace Long Crest. Even students

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00:17:59.519 --> 00:18:03.119
<v Speaker 1>from having Toton High School brought a bouquet. The boundaries

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00:18:03.119 --> 00:18:06.079
<v Speaker 1>that once divided the two neighborhoods, fox Chase and Abington

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00:18:06.720 --> 00:18:10.960
<v Speaker 1>suddenly seemed relevant. For decades, kids on both sides had

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00:18:11.000 --> 00:18:15.279
<v Speaker 1>traded punches, insults, and territorial pride, but nothing like this,

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00:18:16.119 --> 00:18:19.920
<v Speaker 1>nothing that ended in a body on the church steps. Now,

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00:18:19.960 --> 00:18:22.759
<v Speaker 1>the talk of rivalry was everywhere, but to those who

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00:18:22.839 --> 00:18:26.559
<v Speaker 1>knew Edree, it didn't fit. He wasn't one of those kids.

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<v Speaker 1>His friend Sean said it best, It just hurts too

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00:18:30.799 --> 00:18:34.000
<v Speaker 1>much and was never going to make sense. Eddie was

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<v Speaker 1>the most innocent guy you had ever meet. It shouldn't

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00:18:36.640 --> 00:18:38.920
<v Speaker 1>have been him. The people who did it to him,

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00:18:39.359 --> 00:18:43.319
<v Speaker 1>they were cowards. In the days that followed, Eddie's friends,

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00:18:43.400 --> 00:18:45.200
<v Speaker 1>especially the ones who had been with him that night,

286
00:18:45.480 --> 00:18:49.039
<v Speaker 1>were left traumatized. They had to undergo counseling and some

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00:18:49.079 --> 00:18:51.960
<v Speaker 1>of them struggled to sleep. And then there was the

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00:18:52.039 --> 00:18:57.400
<v Speaker 1>threat of revenge. Whispers ran through Fox Chase. Detectives knew

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00:18:57.400 --> 00:18:59.680
<v Speaker 1>the risk. They quickly put a plan in place to

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00:18:59.680 --> 00:19:04.920
<v Speaker 1>prevent any retaliatory violence or vandalism. Extra patrols were stationed

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00:19:04.960 --> 00:19:08.359
<v Speaker 1>on street corners. Clergy and social workers were called in

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00:19:08.400 --> 00:19:12.960
<v Speaker 1>to talk with families. Time watch groups mobilized. Every effort

293
00:19:13.039 --> 00:19:16.039
<v Speaker 1>was made to keep the streets clam Even Pizza Hut

294
00:19:16.119 --> 00:19:19.240
<v Speaker 1>joined in their marquee, which was visible from the avenue,

295
00:19:19.319 --> 00:19:23.519
<v Speaker 1>read in bold block letters, please stop the violence. At

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00:19:23.559 --> 00:19:26.839
<v Speaker 1>midnight curfew was even implemented, and police made it clear

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00:19:27.359 --> 00:19:31.240
<v Speaker 1>the fighting had to end. Inspector John Norris stood before

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00:19:31.279 --> 00:19:33.759
<v Speaker 1>the press and addressed the city directly when he said,

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00:19:34.319 --> 00:19:36.640
<v Speaker 1>were urging all the parents to talk to their children

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00:19:36.880 --> 00:19:39.319
<v Speaker 1>and know where they are this weekend and other weekends.

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00:19:40.240 --> 00:19:43.960
<v Speaker 1>The message was urgent, almost pleading, and at the center

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00:19:44.000 --> 00:19:47.200
<v Speaker 1>of it all was Edrie's family. Graving in public under

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00:19:47.240 --> 00:19:51.000
<v Speaker 1>the weight of unbearable loss. They issued a statement not

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00:19:51.039 --> 00:19:54.920
<v Speaker 1>for justice, not for revenge, but for peace. They asked

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00:19:54.920 --> 00:19:58.240
<v Speaker 1>that no more blood be spilled in Eddie's name. Many

306
00:19:58.279 --> 00:20:02.160
<v Speaker 1>of the teenagers promised to honor that way, Some meant that,

307
00:20:02.240 --> 00:20:06.079
<v Speaker 1>some weren't so sure. One teenager said, if it weren't

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00:20:06.119 --> 00:20:09.240
<v Speaker 1>for his family, those Abington kids would be dead. They

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00:20:09.279 --> 00:20:13.559
<v Speaker 1>want blood. Another then added, I wouldn't have any problem

310
00:20:13.599 --> 00:20:22.559
<v Speaker 1>if one of those kids got killed. It didn't take

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00:20:22.599 --> 00:20:25.440
<v Speaker 1>long for arrest to be made. The teenagers had taken

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00:20:25.480 --> 00:20:28.599
<v Speaker 1>part in the savage baiting of Eddie Pollock weren't exactly

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00:20:28.759 --> 00:20:32.119
<v Speaker 1>lying low. By the next morning, they were bragging about

314
00:20:32.119 --> 00:20:35.559
<v Speaker 1>what they'd done. Some are on town, other to friends

315
00:20:35.920 --> 00:20:39.279
<v Speaker 1>laughing about it. Eighteen year old Thomas Krook was the

316
00:20:39.279 --> 00:20:43.240
<v Speaker 1>first to be arrested. He confessed outright to being involved,

317
00:20:43.799 --> 00:20:46.680
<v Speaker 1>but he was quick to insist we didn't go down

318
00:20:46.720 --> 00:20:50.440
<v Speaker 1>there to kill anybody. Krook admitted to swinging a baseball

319
00:20:50.440 --> 00:20:53.079
<v Speaker 1>bat at Edie, but claimed he never struck him in

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00:20:53.079 --> 00:20:56.160
<v Speaker 1>the head. He said he just got caught up in

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00:20:56.200 --> 00:20:59.759
<v Speaker 1>the excitement. Krook lived in a townhouse complex with his

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00:20:59.799 --> 00:21:03.640
<v Speaker 1>mother and younger siblings. He dropped out of Upper Moorland

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00:21:03.720 --> 00:21:06.200
<v Speaker 1>High School and had a history of minor run ins

324
00:21:06.200 --> 00:21:10.200
<v Speaker 1>with the law. Later that same day, police arrested sixteen

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00:21:10.279 --> 00:21:14.160
<v Speaker 1>year old Nicholas Pinero and seventeen year old Bou Kathavong.

326
00:21:15.160 --> 00:21:18.799
<v Speaker 1>Kathovong's family had fled warren torn Laos in nineteen eighty

327
00:21:19.240 --> 00:21:23.400
<v Speaker 1>escaping the threat of communist execution. The family had lived

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00:21:23.400 --> 00:21:26.720
<v Speaker 1>in a refugee camp in Thailand before finally immigrating to

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00:21:26.759 --> 00:21:30.359
<v Speaker 1>the United States in search of a better life. Now

330
00:21:30.400 --> 00:21:34.160
<v Speaker 1>their teenage son was being charged with murder. All three

331
00:21:34.200 --> 00:21:37.920
<v Speaker 1>boys were charged with murder, aggravated assault, and weapons offenses.

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<v Speaker 1>One of their defense attorneys tried to put the crime

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00:21:41.039 --> 00:21:44.599
<v Speaker 1>into context, as he said, this is not a typical

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00:21:44.640 --> 00:21:48.160
<v Speaker 1>street crime. Something happens in the space of a few seconds,

335
00:21:48.519 --> 00:21:52.240
<v Speaker 1>and a whole slew of lives are changed irrevocably. That

336
00:21:52.359 --> 00:21:54.640
<v Speaker 1>may have been true, but de EDI's family and friends

337
00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:58.640
<v Speaker 1>it was no excuse. On the sixteenth of November, almost

338
00:21:58.680 --> 00:22:02.200
<v Speaker 1>three thousand people packed into Saint Cecilia's Church for Eddie's funeral.

339
00:22:03.160 --> 00:22:06.160
<v Speaker 1>The same church were just days earlier, he'd been beaten

340
00:22:06.200 --> 00:22:09.519
<v Speaker 1>to death on the pavement the same church where he

341
00:22:09.559 --> 00:22:12.759
<v Speaker 1>had once served as an altar boy. His high school

342
00:22:12.759 --> 00:22:16.519
<v Speaker 1>classmates were brought in by bus. Abuse filled quickly, and

343
00:22:16.559 --> 00:22:20.319
<v Speaker 1>by ten a m. It was standing room only outside.

344
00:22:20.319 --> 00:22:24.559
<v Speaker 1>A broad metal casket arrived through the drizzle. Inside, Reverend

345
00:22:24.599 --> 00:22:27.039
<v Speaker 1>James Olsen stood at the altar and tried to find

346
00:22:27.079 --> 00:22:30.680
<v Speaker 1>the words. He told the mourners he was one of

347
00:22:30.680 --> 00:22:34.000
<v Speaker 1>the good guys, a real good person, a gentle person.

348
00:22:34.960 --> 00:22:37.079
<v Speaker 1>The priest remembered Eddie as a boy who couldn't sit

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<v Speaker 1>quite still during mass. His legs were too short to

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00:22:40.640 --> 00:22:42.680
<v Speaker 1>touch the ground, so he'd swing them back and forth

351
00:22:42.720 --> 00:22:46.279
<v Speaker 1>the entire time. It was a memory that made people smile,

352
00:22:46.759 --> 00:22:50.400
<v Speaker 1>but it didn't last long. Olson then pleaded with the community,

353
00:22:50.880 --> 00:22:54.000
<v Speaker 1>don't let this death lead to more violence, don't let

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00:22:54.079 --> 00:22:57.680
<v Speaker 1>it fuel revenge. After the service, a possession of more

355
00:22:57.720 --> 00:23:00.839
<v Speaker 1>than one hundred cars followed Eddie's hearse to Our Lady

356
00:23:00.880 --> 00:23:04.680
<v Speaker 1>Grace Cemetery and Langhorn. The rain came down harder as

357
00:23:04.720 --> 00:23:08.480
<v Speaker 1>the casket was lowered into the ground. His mother sobbed.

358
00:23:08.920 --> 00:23:12.599
<v Speaker 1>His friend stepped forward one by one, placing single floors

359
00:23:12.640 --> 00:23:16.680
<v Speaker 1>on top of the coffin. Then came the fallout. In

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00:23:16.680 --> 00:23:20.079
<v Speaker 1>the days after Eddie's funeral, outrage spread not just at

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00:23:20.119 --> 00:23:23.240
<v Speaker 1>the brutality of the murder, but at something else, the

362
00:23:23.279 --> 00:23:27.599
<v Speaker 1>emergency response that failed to come in time. It was

363
00:23:27.640 --> 00:23:30.000
<v Speaker 1>revealed that on the night that Eddie was killed, police

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00:23:30.039 --> 00:23:32.839
<v Speaker 1>didn't arrive for forty minutes. After the first nine one

365
00:23:32.880 --> 00:23:37.279
<v Speaker 1>one call, people began asking would Eddie still be alive

366
00:23:37.319 --> 00:23:40.480
<v Speaker 1>if help had come sooner. At ten ten p m.

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00:23:40.599 --> 00:23:43.400
<v Speaker 1>A waitress at the Pizza Hut on Oxford Avenue had

368
00:23:43.440 --> 00:23:47.200
<v Speaker 1>called nine one one. She saw teenagers piling out from

369
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<v Speaker 1>cars baseball bats in hand. They were chasing someone, but

370
00:23:50.880 --> 00:23:54.799
<v Speaker 1>she didn't know who. She called again and again they

371
00:23:54.839 --> 00:23:58.880
<v Speaker 1>have a gun away fifty's young kids with face to

372
00:23:58.920 --> 00:24:02.279
<v Speaker 1>see each other. More calls followed, What are they doing

373
00:24:02.960 --> 00:24:05.799
<v Speaker 1>bossing up the cars? Windows? There were they? One from

374
00:24:05.799 --> 00:24:07.519
<v Speaker 1>a man who tried to hold the phone out the

375
00:24:07.559 --> 00:24:10.720
<v Speaker 1>doors of the operator could hear the commotion he was

376
00:24:10.799 --> 00:24:15.359
<v Speaker 1>hung up on. Others described gangs of teenagers rampaging through

377
00:24:15.400 --> 00:24:19.480
<v Speaker 1>the neighborhood, smashing car windows, chasing others and beating people

378
00:24:19.480 --> 00:24:22.640
<v Speaker 1>with baseball bats. I don't believe it. It's wrang about

379
00:24:22.640 --> 00:24:25.880
<v Speaker 1>ten times. There's a big emotion going outside in front

380
00:24:25.920 --> 00:24:28.200
<v Speaker 1>of our home, like a gang. One caller told the

381
00:24:28.200 --> 00:24:32.319
<v Speaker 1>dispatcher of boys being beaten in the church parking lot gang.

382
00:24:35.839 --> 00:24:40.640
<v Speaker 1>If you get that, yeah, herd outside of the fight right, well,

383
00:24:40.680 --> 00:24:45.039
<v Speaker 1>that it and the point. Wait a minute, Wait a minute,

384
00:24:45.039 --> 00:24:47.799
<v Speaker 1>wait a minute, you asked me. I'm asking you. I

385
00:24:47.880 --> 00:24:51.279
<v Speaker 1>have the information. You can hang up now, the operator replied,

386
00:24:52.039 --> 00:24:56.200
<v Speaker 1>was that it? The calls just kept floating in. We've

387
00:24:56.240 --> 00:24:59.440
<v Speaker 1>been polling everybody. Murder has been falling there and we

388
00:24:59.440 --> 00:25:02.720
<v Speaker 1>got in there riot and no damn police where they

389
00:25:02.720 --> 00:25:06.519
<v Speaker 1>were becoming more desperate. When he is gonna send somebody

390
00:25:06.759 --> 00:25:10.799
<v Speaker 1>who's got a fat sirs, he's gotta stop some girl.

391
00:25:10.880 --> 00:25:13.440
<v Speaker 1>What's a honey moon? Wait a minute, wait a minute's

392
00:25:13.559 --> 00:25:18.079
<v Speaker 1>costing me like that? I asked you a questions, got

393
00:25:18.079 --> 00:25:20.640
<v Speaker 1>a friend if he laughed for white on his hands.

394
00:25:20.680 --> 00:25:24.279
<v Speaker 1>One office, Sharon Donahue, who held Atty's bloody head in

395
00:25:24.279 --> 00:25:26.559
<v Speaker 1>her lap as he struggled to Breathe had called nine

396
00:25:26.599 --> 00:25:30.119
<v Speaker 1>one one as well. She was frown thic screaming begging

397
00:25:30.160 --> 00:25:34.160
<v Speaker 1>for help. The operator snapped back, listen, if you don't

398
00:25:34.200 --> 00:25:36.920
<v Speaker 1>come though, he gets no help. Do you understand that

399
00:25:37.079 --> 00:25:42.640
<v Speaker 1>much sleep? He's a hospital, he's sleeping. Where's he? The

400
00:25:42.720 --> 00:25:47.160
<v Speaker 1>thing's please? I can't understand you give me an address this?

401
00:25:48.400 --> 00:25:56.519
<v Speaker 1>Where's that at? When I thrived him, Hosford was who guys, listen, listen.

402
00:25:56.559 --> 00:25:58.119
<v Speaker 1>If you don't calm down, he gets so help. You

403
00:25:58.119 --> 00:26:00.920
<v Speaker 1>got to say that, but I'm crying. In total, there

404
00:26:00.920 --> 00:26:03.000
<v Speaker 1>were thirty three calls made to nine to one one

405
00:26:03.000 --> 00:26:05.880
<v Speaker 1>that night, but no one at the police radio room

406
00:26:05.960 --> 00:26:09.720
<v Speaker 1>seemed to realize they were all related. The first officers

407
00:26:09.720 --> 00:26:13.559
<v Speaker 1>weren't dispatched until ten forty one pm. A patrol cars

408
00:26:13.599 --> 00:26:17.000
<v Speaker 1>in a wagon arrived two minutes later. An officer then

409
00:26:17.079 --> 00:26:20.720
<v Speaker 1>radioed in, he's going in and out of consciousness. Need

410
00:26:20.799 --> 00:26:28.480
<v Speaker 1>rescue immediately, but by then it was already too late. Hey, everybody,

411
00:26:28.519 --> 00:26:32.200
<v Speaker 1>this episode of Morbidology is brought to you by cbd X.

412
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<v Speaker 1>And if you've been tossing and turning at night, then

413
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<v Speaker 1>this is for you. A lot of us hit a

414
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<v Speaker 1>point where sleep just changes. It's harder to fall asleep,

415
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<v Speaker 1>we wake up in the night and we start the

416
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<v Speaker 1>day already tired. And it's not just in your head.

417
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<v Speaker 1>Sleep struggles are common, especially when stress and long days

418
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419
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420
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421
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422
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<v Speaker 1>And here's the thing. A lot of people used to

423
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424
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425
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426
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428
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429
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430
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431
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<v Speaker 1>I used to toss and turn for ours, struggling to

432
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<v Speaker 1>fall asleep with my mind racing. Since using CBDX, I

433
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434
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<v Speaker 1>The difference goes beyond just better sleep. I wake up

435
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439
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440
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441
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442
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443
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444
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445
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447
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448
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<v Speaker 1>spending ours researching cases and recording in my home studio,

449
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450
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<v Speaker 1>But here's something that might shock you. American spend an

451
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<v Speaker 1>average of ninety percent of their time indoors, and indoor

452
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<v Speaker 1>air can be up to one hundred times more polluted

453
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454
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455
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458
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460
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461
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<v Speaker 1>hundred times smaller than standard HPA filters. Since I've been

462
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<v Speaker 1>using it in my recording space, I can honestly say

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<v Speaker 1>That is ai RDCA t r pro dot com using

470
00:29:53.519 --> 00:30:01.400
<v Speaker 1>promo code morbidology. A high ranking POL official later tried

471
00:30:01.400 --> 00:30:04.599
<v Speaker 1>to explain what had gone wrong. He said the problem

472
00:30:04.680 --> 00:30:08.400
<v Speaker 1>wasn't just the delay, it was the system itself. In

473
00:30:08.400 --> 00:30:10.640
<v Speaker 1>the past, a person calling the police would speak to

474
00:30:10.680 --> 00:30:14.640
<v Speaker 1>an actual dispatcher, often a police officer, somebody who could

475
00:30:14.680 --> 00:30:17.359
<v Speaker 1>hear the fear in their voice and then judge the urgencies.

476
00:30:18.240 --> 00:30:21.759
<v Speaker 1>He stated. In those days, response time was two minutes

477
00:30:21.839 --> 00:30:24.920
<v Speaker 1>or less, but now ninety eight percent of the radio

478
00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:29.359
<v Speaker 1>room staff were civilians, many of them pearly trained. Call

479
00:30:29.400 --> 00:30:33.119
<v Speaker 1>takers didn't make dispatched decisions. They simply typed what the

480
00:30:33.160 --> 00:30:37.759
<v Speaker 1>caller said into a computer screen. A separate dispatcher decided

481
00:30:37.799 --> 00:30:40.640
<v Speaker 1>whether or not to send the car. On that night,

482
00:30:40.759 --> 00:30:45.000
<v Speaker 1>the incident unfolding across Fox Chase was marked as low priority.

483
00:30:46.119 --> 00:30:49.240
<v Speaker 1>Mary Sante, president of the Taconi Town Watch, said nine

484
00:30:49.319 --> 00:30:52.920
<v Speaker 1>one one was a state of the art blooper. Her

485
00:30:52.920 --> 00:30:56.319
<v Speaker 1>group had kept logs on many nights. They tracked forty

486
00:30:56.319 --> 00:30:59.200
<v Speaker 1>five to one hundred and fifteen pending calls after eleven

487
00:30:59.240 --> 00:31:01.599
<v Speaker 1>p m. So I'm going back to five p m.

488
00:31:02.319 --> 00:31:04.759
<v Speaker 1>She' said. One major flaw was that the call takers

489
00:31:05.160 --> 00:31:09.279
<v Speaker 1>didn't even consider baseball bats to be weapons. When the

490
00:31:09.359 --> 00:31:13.319
<v Speaker 1>nine one one tapes were finally reviewed, the public was horrified.

491
00:31:14.319 --> 00:31:19.599
<v Speaker 1>Police Commissioner Richard Neale announced an internal investigation. Mayor ed

492
00:31:19.680 --> 00:31:23.960
<v Speaker 1>Randall's chief of staff, David Cohen, promised changes. He stated,

493
00:31:24.759 --> 00:31:27.960
<v Speaker 1>this incident was not handled properly. There will have to

494
00:31:27.960 --> 00:31:31.240
<v Speaker 1>be disciplinary actions and there will be reforms made to

495
00:31:31.279 --> 00:31:33.839
<v Speaker 1>the system. When you listen to the tapes, it's very

496
00:31:33.839 --> 00:31:37.559
<v Speaker 1>clear that some dispatchers behaved in a very inappropriate manner.

497
00:31:38.119 --> 00:31:40.079
<v Speaker 1>They were rude, and they didn't respond in a way

498
00:31:40.079 --> 00:31:43.599
<v Speaker 1>we should expect any municipal employees to respond to the public,

499
00:31:44.039 --> 00:31:47.000
<v Speaker 1>let alone a nine one one operator. What happened to

500
00:31:47.079 --> 00:31:50.839
<v Speaker 1>Eddie Pollock wasn't just a tragedy. It was a systemic failure,

501
00:31:51.359 --> 00:31:53.920
<v Speaker 1>from the gang violence to the late response to the

502
00:31:54.000 --> 00:31:57.079
<v Speaker 1>dismissed voices on the other end of a desperate phone call,

503
00:31:57.759 --> 00:32:00.960
<v Speaker 1>and now the city of Philadelphia left to reckon with

504
00:32:01.000 --> 00:32:11.279
<v Speaker 1>it all. The failures of the nine one one system

505
00:32:11.279 --> 00:32:15.240
<v Speaker 1>weren't the only aspect of the case drawing scrutiny. Attention

506
00:32:15.400 --> 00:32:17.759
<v Speaker 1>soon turned to the teenage girl at the center of

507
00:32:17.799 --> 00:32:21.480
<v Speaker 1>the original altercation, the fight outside the McDonald's that had

508
00:32:21.519 --> 00:32:26.720
<v Speaker 1>sparked everything. Her name was Jessica. After Eddie was murdered,

509
00:32:26.799 --> 00:32:29.759
<v Speaker 1>Jessica sat down with an interview at her family home

510
00:32:29.799 --> 00:32:34.000
<v Speaker 1>with her parents and reporters present. She answered some questions

511
00:32:34.039 --> 00:32:37.240
<v Speaker 1>but refused others. When asked whether she had talked in

512
00:32:37.319 --> 00:32:41.960
<v Speaker 1>Abington about the altercation she had at McDonald's, she didn't deny.

513
00:32:42.119 --> 00:32:45.359
<v Speaker 1>She stated anyone would go back and tell their friends

514
00:32:45.640 --> 00:32:49.799
<v Speaker 1>who wouldn't, But then she added something more serious. Me

515
00:32:49.839 --> 00:32:54.200
<v Speaker 1>and my friends didn't say anything about getting raped. Jessica

516
00:32:54.200 --> 00:32:56.440
<v Speaker 1>believed that it was the rape rumor that brought out

517
00:32:56.440 --> 00:32:59.359
<v Speaker 1>the people looking to fight, that it had given them

518
00:32:59.359 --> 00:33:03.039
<v Speaker 1>an excuse. She described the knight that Eddie was killed,

519
00:33:03.839 --> 00:33:06.240
<v Speaker 1>she and her friends had driven down to Fox Chase.

520
00:33:07.119 --> 00:33:09.680
<v Speaker 1>She said they pulled into the McDonald's parking lot, but

521
00:33:09.759 --> 00:33:12.240
<v Speaker 1>before they even got out, somebody threw rocks at their car,

522
00:33:12.440 --> 00:33:15.759
<v Speaker 1>so they left. Thank all, we left and didn't stay,

523
00:33:15.839 --> 00:33:20.519
<v Speaker 1>she said. Our friend Diana echoed this sentiment. I feel

524
00:33:20.519 --> 00:33:23.319
<v Speaker 1>bad for his family, for his mom and dad. I

525
00:33:23.359 --> 00:33:25.960
<v Speaker 1>feel bad for my friends too, for the whole situation,

526
00:33:26.200 --> 00:33:30.240
<v Speaker 1>she said. At that stage in the investigation, Homicide Captain

527
00:33:30.319 --> 00:33:33.680
<v Speaker 1>John Ablton made it clear what we're doing is checking

528
00:33:33.720 --> 00:33:37.119
<v Speaker 1>all of the facts. We will determine who is responsible

529
00:33:37.559 --> 00:33:42.799
<v Speaker 1>beside the three we have already arrested. That determination came quickly.

530
00:33:43.599 --> 00:33:48.559
<v Speaker 1>Three more teenagers were then arrested, seventeen year olds Dwan Alexander,

531
00:33:48.960 --> 00:33:54.920
<v Speaker 1>Anthony Rienzi, and Kevin Convey. Alexander was attending Leakside Youth Services,

532
00:33:55.279 --> 00:33:59.400
<v Speaker 1>a school for students expelled from other schools. Convey lived

533
00:33:59.400 --> 00:34:03.440
<v Speaker 1>in Meadowbanks, a wealthy neighborhood, hardly the place you'd expect

534
00:34:03.440 --> 00:34:05.960
<v Speaker 1>to find attain at the center of a fatal gang baiting.

535
00:34:07.240 --> 00:34:10.960
<v Speaker 1>By now, detectives believe they had the full picture. Bou

536
00:34:11.039 --> 00:34:15.119
<v Speaker 1>Kathafong had orchestrated the entire thing. He had organized the

537
00:34:15.159 --> 00:34:18.599
<v Speaker 1>five car loads of teenagers that descended on Fox Chase

538
00:34:18.679 --> 00:34:22.039
<v Speaker 1>that night. Kevin Convey had been the first to strike

539
00:34:22.119 --> 00:34:25.760
<v Speaker 1>Eddie with a baseball bat, then Thomas Crook swung his

540
00:34:26.679 --> 00:34:29.480
<v Speaker 1>Nicholas Ponero hit Eddie six more times. From the front,

541
00:34:30.440 --> 00:34:34.280
<v Speaker 1>Kathavong punched and kicked Edie, while Dewan Alexander kicked him

542
00:34:34.280 --> 00:34:38.039
<v Speaker 1>in the head with steel toed boots, and when Eddie

543
00:34:38.039 --> 00:34:41.480
<v Speaker 1>had crumpled to the ground, barely conscious and bleeding, Anthony

544
00:34:41.559 --> 00:34:44.280
<v Speaker 1>Rienzi dragged him up just so the others could get

545
00:34:44.320 --> 00:34:48.719
<v Speaker 1>another clean shot at him. Police source later commented, they're

546
00:34:48.760 --> 00:34:53.639
<v Speaker 1>problem kids. They've been busted numerous times, fights, marijuana, underage

547
00:34:53.719 --> 00:34:58.360
<v Speaker 1>drinking problems. They're involved in a lot of assaults. At

548
00:34:58.360 --> 00:35:01.199
<v Speaker 1>the same time, accountability was fine being addressed within the

549
00:35:01.239 --> 00:35:06.039
<v Speaker 1>nine one one center. Seven operators were disciplined, three were

550
00:35:06.039 --> 00:35:10.119
<v Speaker 1>suspended with the intent to dismiss, three others were suspended

551
00:35:10.159 --> 00:35:14.880
<v Speaker 1>and transferred. One was referred to a disciplinary board. Mayor

552
00:35:15.039 --> 00:35:18.679
<v Speaker 1>ed Randall stated, they're being suspended for abusive and rude

553
00:35:18.719 --> 00:35:23.880
<v Speaker 1>responses to callers. That is unacceptable. Reforms were then introduced.

554
00:35:24.400 --> 00:35:27.280
<v Speaker 1>The city hired more nine one one workers and launched

555
00:35:27.360 --> 00:35:30.960
<v Speaker 1>sensitivity training. A new alarm system was installed in the

556
00:35:31.079 --> 00:35:34.239
<v Speaker 1>radio room to alert supervisors when four or more calls

557
00:35:34.519 --> 00:35:38.239
<v Speaker 1>came from the same location. The number of shift supervisors

558
00:35:38.280 --> 00:35:41.480
<v Speaker 1>was doubled, but for Eddie's family, none of that mattered

559
00:35:41.559 --> 00:35:45.480
<v Speaker 1>much anymore. Days after the reforms were announced, police arrested

560
00:35:45.559 --> 00:35:48.960
<v Speaker 1>nineteen year old Carlos Johnson, the man who had supplied

561
00:35:48.960 --> 00:35:52.880
<v Speaker 1>the baseball bats used in the murder. At the preliminary hearing,

562
00:35:52.920 --> 00:35:55.679
<v Speaker 1>the judge ruled that all seven teenagers would stand trial

563
00:35:55.719 --> 00:36:00.760
<v Speaker 1>for murder. Those accused of wielding the baths. Pinero, Rihensay,

564
00:36:00.800 --> 00:36:04.119
<v Speaker 1>and Crook were held directly responsible for the fatal Blues

565
00:36:05.280 --> 00:36:10.119
<v Speaker 1>prosecutor Joseph Casey announced, I've never seen a skull so fractured.

566
00:36:10.599 --> 00:36:13.519
<v Speaker 1>I've never seen a skull where the brain expanded and

567
00:36:13.639 --> 00:36:26.239
<v Speaker 1>literally opened those fractures into crevices. In the year following

568
00:36:26.360 --> 00:36:30.920
<v Speaker 1>Eddie's murderer, the community rallied behind his family. Friends noticed

569
00:36:30.960 --> 00:36:34.599
<v Speaker 1>a change in his mother, Kathy. Her eyes, they said,

570
00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.880
<v Speaker 1>were different now. Matt MacDonald, one of Eddie's classmates, observed,

571
00:36:40.280 --> 00:36:42.920
<v Speaker 1>she has a sadness in her eyes. Now there's a

572
00:36:42.960 --> 00:36:47.000
<v Speaker 1>spark that's gone. Kathy eventually returned to work as a

573
00:36:47.039 --> 00:36:51.360
<v Speaker 1>skull crossing guard. It kept her near children. She always

574
00:36:51.400 --> 00:36:54.519
<v Speaker 1>carried a pocket full of candy, taffy and lollipops to

575
00:36:54.559 --> 00:36:58.760
<v Speaker 1>hand out. She needed to stay close to something good.

576
00:36:59.119 --> 00:37:02.039
<v Speaker 1>But she and Eddie's fa John never stopped asking why

577
00:37:03.000 --> 00:37:05.960
<v Speaker 1>we wonder if we understood the teachings of Catholicism right?

578
00:37:07.119 --> 00:37:10.599
<v Speaker 1>Kathy added, quietly, No way God would have meant for

579
00:37:10.639 --> 00:37:14.199
<v Speaker 1>this to happen. John struggled to reconcile the violence with

580
00:37:14.239 --> 00:37:17.280
<v Speaker 1>the world. He thought he knew they had every right

581
00:37:17.400 --> 00:37:19.639
<v Speaker 1>to see over the nine one one failure, but they

582
00:37:19.719 --> 00:37:23.800
<v Speaker 1>chose not to. John explained what everyone hears about is

583
00:37:23.840 --> 00:37:26.519
<v Speaker 1>a bunch of rude call takers. It wasn't the nine

584
00:37:26.599 --> 00:37:29.320
<v Speaker 1>one one people. The whole system could not get the

585
00:37:29.360 --> 00:37:31.639
<v Speaker 1>phone calls to the cars on the streets that night.

586
00:37:32.719 --> 00:37:34.920
<v Speaker 1>They didn't want money, and they didn't want a settlement.

587
00:37:35.559 --> 00:37:38.599
<v Speaker 1>They just wanted justice for their son. On the one

588
00:37:38.679 --> 00:37:41.599
<v Speaker 1>year anniversary of Eddie's murder, hundreds of people returned to

589
00:37:41.599 --> 00:37:45.960
<v Speaker 1>Saint Cethelia's church. A memorial mass was held, followed by

590
00:37:45.960 --> 00:37:49.840
<v Speaker 1>a candlelight vigil on the church steps. The crowd was

591
00:37:49.880 --> 00:37:53.519
<v Speaker 1>solemn and reflect them, and as they gathered, people began

592
00:37:53.559 --> 00:37:58.119
<v Speaker 1>to whisper amongst themselves about the upcoming murder trial and

593
00:37:58.159 --> 00:38:02.119
<v Speaker 1>whether justice would truly be served. The jury selection began

594
00:38:02.159 --> 00:38:05.760
<v Speaker 1>on the second of January nineteen ninety six. The seven

595
00:38:05.800 --> 00:38:10.320
<v Speaker 1>defendants were to stand trial together. However, Kevin Convey never

596
00:38:10.360 --> 00:38:13.599
<v Speaker 1>showed up in court. He accepted a play agreement and

597
00:38:13.679 --> 00:38:16.920
<v Speaker 1>pleaded guilty to third degree murderer, which carried a sentence

598
00:38:16.920 --> 00:38:20.440
<v Speaker 1>of five to twenty years in prison. Convey admitted that

599
00:38:20.480 --> 00:38:23.239
<v Speaker 1>he had landed the first blow on Airey that sent

600
00:38:23.320 --> 00:38:26.360
<v Speaker 1>him falling to the ground. As part of his deal,

601
00:38:26.400 --> 00:38:30.000
<v Speaker 1>he agreed to testify against his friends, friends who are

602
00:38:30.039 --> 00:38:33.760
<v Speaker 1>now facing life in prison if convicted. By the sixth

603
00:38:33.760 --> 00:38:37.440
<v Speaker 1>of January, a jury was selected, six African Americans, one

604
00:38:37.480 --> 00:38:41.280
<v Speaker 1>white juror, and one Hispanic. The trial was ready to begin.

605
00:38:42.239 --> 00:38:44.639
<v Speaker 1>The central question was whether the six youths had the

606
00:38:44.679 --> 00:38:49.159
<v Speaker 1>premeditated intent to kill, a requirement for first degree murder.

607
00:38:50.239 --> 00:38:54.679
<v Speaker 1>The defendants were escorted into court. They looked like college students,

608
00:38:54.800 --> 00:38:59.000
<v Speaker 1>dressed in sweaters, slacks, and collared shirts, a far cry

609
00:38:59.000 --> 00:39:01.760
<v Speaker 1>from the night they beat Eddie to death with baseball bats.

610
00:39:02.639 --> 00:39:06.239
<v Speaker 1>During opening statements, defense attorney Charles Perudo tried to portray

611
00:39:06.360 --> 00:39:09.280
<v Speaker 1>Eddie as the instigator. He described him as a beer

612
00:39:09.360 --> 00:39:12.239
<v Speaker 1>drinking tuff who sold beer to his friends from a keg.

613
00:39:13.159 --> 00:39:16.599
<v Speaker 1>He stated, Eddie sold his beer the kids gathered, the

614
00:39:16.599 --> 00:39:20.039
<v Speaker 1>spirit was mobbing. It was kind of like a pregame rally.

615
00:39:21.000 --> 00:39:25.400
<v Speaker 1>Another defense attorney, Michael Applebaum, went further. He claimed that

616
00:39:25.559 --> 00:39:28.159
<v Speaker 1>Eddie was part of the Fox Chase mob that provoked

617
00:39:28.159 --> 00:39:32.280
<v Speaker 1>the massive brawl. He stated, mister Pollock belonged to a

618
00:39:32.280 --> 00:39:35.159
<v Speaker 1>group of youths who turned up anyone who crossed their turf.

619
00:39:36.440 --> 00:39:40.599
<v Speaker 1>Prosecutor Joseph Casey refuted these claims, calling them an accurate

620
00:39:40.639 --> 00:39:44.199
<v Speaker 1>at best. Eddie's father, John added that his son had

621
00:39:44.199 --> 00:39:47.360
<v Speaker 1>been working the night of the McDonald's altercation involving the

622
00:39:47.400 --> 00:39:51.639
<v Speaker 1>two girls. I think mister Applebaum has ed mistaken for

623
00:39:51.719 --> 00:39:56.159
<v Speaker 1>someone else, he said. When Kevin Convey pleaded guilty, he

624
00:39:56.239 --> 00:39:59.159
<v Speaker 1>admitted that Eddie wasn't involved in any of the prior

625
00:39:59.199 --> 00:40:04.079
<v Speaker 1>clashes between the Abington and fox Chase groups. The defense's

626
00:40:04.239 --> 00:40:08.400
<v Speaker 1>arguments that Eddie wasn't innocent didn't hold up. It was

627
00:40:08.440 --> 00:40:11.800
<v Speaker 1>revealed that some defendants faced other charges from that same night.

628
00:40:12.920 --> 00:40:15.760
<v Speaker 1>Carlos Johnson was charged with slamming Richard Stubart at the

629
00:40:15.760 --> 00:40:19.360
<v Speaker 1>ground and smashing a bottle over his head. Pinero and

630
00:40:19.360 --> 00:40:22.119
<v Speaker 1>Alexander were charged with bating John Atkinson in the head

631
00:40:22.119 --> 00:40:25.960
<v Speaker 1>with baseball bats. These attacks happened in the moments before

632
00:40:26.079 --> 00:40:29.639
<v Speaker 1>Eddie was killed. The prosecutor then laid out the sequence

633
00:40:29.679 --> 00:40:34.039
<v Speaker 1>of events. Convie struck Eddie first, knocking him down. He

634
00:40:34.119 --> 00:40:36.159
<v Speaker 1>then hit him in the legs and fate before the

635
00:40:36.159 --> 00:40:40.400
<v Speaker 1>others joined in. Ransay struck Eddie in the head, crushing

636
00:40:40.440 --> 00:40:43.199
<v Speaker 1>the right side of his skull. Krook hit him three

637
00:40:43.199 --> 00:40:46.559
<v Speaker 1>more times on the shoulder. Then Riansy lifted Eddie up

638
00:40:46.559 --> 00:40:49.400
<v Speaker 1>by his shoulders and held him why. Pinero struck him

639
00:40:49.440 --> 00:40:53.039
<v Speaker 1>again and again with the baseball bat. Alexander kicked him

640
00:40:53.039 --> 00:40:56.880
<v Speaker 1>at least twice with the steel toed boot. Cathavong stood

641
00:40:56.920 --> 00:41:01.320
<v Speaker 1>nearby and cheered. Doctor Lucy rowan specialist, said that the

642
00:41:01.320 --> 00:41:04.519
<v Speaker 1>beating caused such extreme swelling in Eddie's brain that it

643
00:41:04.599 --> 00:41:08.519
<v Speaker 1>cut off blood flowed to his heart and lungs. Photographs

644
00:41:08.559 --> 00:41:12.239
<v Speaker 1>of Eddie's brain were then shown in court. His mother,

645
00:41:12.360 --> 00:41:15.760
<v Speaker 1>Kathy Leader, said, I'm glad they showed the pictures. The

646
00:41:15.840 --> 00:41:18.239
<v Speaker 1>jury has to see that, and the families of the

647
00:41:18.320 --> 00:41:21.760
<v Speaker 1>kids that did that have to see it too. Teenagers

648
00:41:21.760 --> 00:41:25.880
<v Speaker 1>then testified about the earlier incident at McDonald's. William Owner

649
00:41:25.920 --> 00:41:28.559
<v Speaker 1>admitted to being part of the Fox Chase group that

650
00:41:28.599 --> 00:41:33.599
<v Speaker 1>harassed Jessica and Diana confirmed that Eddie wasn't there. Other

651
00:41:33.679 --> 00:41:37.320
<v Speaker 1>teenagers then described the attack. Terence Nurse, a member of

652
00:41:37.360 --> 00:41:40.119
<v Speaker 1>the Abington group, said he was chasing someone else when

653
00:41:40.159 --> 00:41:43.440
<v Speaker 1>his friends attacked Debbie. He told the court what he

654
00:41:43.559 --> 00:41:47.320
<v Speaker 1>saw matched what the prosecution said and what convey said.

655
00:41:48.039 --> 00:41:51.440
<v Speaker 1>Defense attorney Perudo suggested that Terrence was only spared because

656
00:41:51.440 --> 00:41:56.079
<v Speaker 1>he agreed to testify. Terrence responded, I know what I saw.

657
00:41:57.000 --> 00:41:59.320
<v Speaker 1>Thomas Ruth testified that he was with friends at a

658
00:41:59.360 --> 00:42:03.679
<v Speaker 1>convenience when the Abington group pulled up. He said it

659
00:42:03.719 --> 00:42:06.320
<v Speaker 1>was clear that Cathafung was the leader and he heard

660
00:42:06.400 --> 00:42:09.239
<v Speaker 1>him yell, come on, let's go. I'm so sagged I

661
00:42:09.280 --> 00:42:12.639
<v Speaker 1>could kill somebody. The defense attorneys were aggressive in their

662
00:42:12.679 --> 00:42:18.199
<v Speaker 1>cross examinations. John Pollock, during a corporate commented, the Fox

663
00:42:18.320 --> 00:42:21.000
<v Speaker 1>Chase kids were doing nothing different that night than kids

664
00:42:21.000 --> 00:42:24.119
<v Speaker 1>in Fox Chase have done for thirty years. If that's

665
00:42:24.280 --> 00:42:26.639
<v Speaker 1>justification for them to murder him the way they did,

666
00:42:27.039 --> 00:42:30.480
<v Speaker 1>then there's something really screwed up with the justice system.

667
00:42:31.039 --> 00:42:34.440
<v Speaker 1>The other victims testified as well. John Atkinson had been

668
00:42:34.480 --> 00:42:36.639
<v Speaker 1>struck in the head at least ten times with the bat.

669
00:42:37.360 --> 00:42:41.559
<v Speaker 1>Fourteen months later, he still coldn't remember much. Prosecutors used

670
00:42:41.559 --> 00:42:45.039
<v Speaker 1>this Orgie that Eddie's death wasn't an isolated act. These

671
00:42:45.039 --> 00:42:48.679
<v Speaker 1>boys had come out looking for blood. Matthew Malone testified

672
00:42:48.679 --> 00:42:52.000
<v Speaker 1>that he witnessed John's attack. He had managed to drag

673
00:42:52.079 --> 00:42:56.199
<v Speaker 1>him to safety. He also saw Johnson grab Richard Stuber,

674
00:42:56.320 --> 00:42:58.199
<v Speaker 1>slam him to the ground, and hit him with a bottle.

675
00:42:59.280 --> 00:43:02.519
<v Speaker 1>The courtroom then fell silent as the prosecution's key witness

676
00:43:02.559 --> 00:43:06.559
<v Speaker 1>took to the stand, Kevin Convey. He recalled the last

677
00:43:06.599 --> 00:43:10.719
<v Speaker 1>moments of Eddie's life. I heard the boys say I

678
00:43:10.800 --> 00:43:14.159
<v Speaker 1>didn't do anything. He was kind of screaming and crying,

679
00:43:14.199 --> 00:43:18.159
<v Speaker 1>he said. Kathy Polock broke down sobbing in the front row.

680
00:43:19.440 --> 00:43:22.079
<v Speaker 1>In a surprise move, Convey named five other youths who

681
00:43:22.079 --> 00:43:26.559
<v Speaker 1>were involved in the fatal beating, Jason Maskewn, Jeffrey and

682
00:43:26.639 --> 00:43:31.119
<v Speaker 1>Jason Lang, kem Ones, and Ed Rodgers. He said that

683
00:43:31.159 --> 00:43:33.840
<v Speaker 1>they punched and kicked Errey before the bats came out.

684
00:43:34.599 --> 00:43:36.480
<v Speaker 1>He also said he saw Krook take the bat and

685
00:43:36.519 --> 00:43:39.960
<v Speaker 1>hit Edie several times, but Convey said he didn't see

686
00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.920
<v Speaker 1>Alexander Kathavong or Johnson near Edie during the attack. Their

687
00:43:44.960 --> 00:43:48.400
<v Speaker 1>defense attorneys clung to this, arguing that they were elsewhere

688
00:43:48.480 --> 00:43:51.760
<v Speaker 1>fighting other kids behind the church. In the second week

689
00:43:51.800 --> 00:43:55.519
<v Speaker 1>of the trial, two teenage girls, Michelle Betone and Teresa Welsh,

690
00:43:55.599 --> 00:43:57.800
<v Speaker 1>testified that it was Convey who may have delivered the

691
00:43:57.800 --> 00:44:01.639
<v Speaker 1>fatal blows. They said the first hit struck Eddie on

692
00:44:01.679 --> 00:44:04.960
<v Speaker 1>the head, and the attacker kept hitting until it was over.

693
00:44:05.760 --> 00:44:09.639
<v Speaker 1>They were referring to Convey as the trial drew to

694
00:44:09.719 --> 00:44:13.559
<v Speaker 1>a close. The defense struck to their arguments their clients

695
00:44:13.639 --> 00:44:17.639
<v Speaker 1>didn't kill Ede. They pointed the finger back at Kevin Comvey.

696
00:44:18.760 --> 00:44:22.599
<v Speaker 1>In his closing arguments, Prosecutor Casey rejected this narrative as

697
00:44:22.639 --> 00:44:25.519
<v Speaker 1>the big lie. He said that each of them were

698
00:44:25.559 --> 00:44:29.920
<v Speaker 1>guilty of first degree murder. He stated Eddie Polock was

699
00:44:29.960 --> 00:44:32.760
<v Speaker 1>on the ground pleading for his life when Nicholas Ponero

700
00:44:32.880 --> 00:44:35.880
<v Speaker 1>raised the bat over his head and snapped it. One

701
00:44:35.880 --> 00:44:38.559
<v Speaker 1>person by himself wouldn't have gone down to fox Chase

702
00:44:38.599 --> 00:44:41.760
<v Speaker 1>and done that, but together they did, so they are

703
00:44:41.840 --> 00:44:44.440
<v Speaker 1>all liable if they had shared the intent to kill.

704
00:44:45.280 --> 00:44:48.119
<v Speaker 1>The jury went into the liberation and they returned with

705
00:44:48.119 --> 00:44:53.400
<v Speaker 1>a verdict. Nicholas Ponero, Anthony Rienz, and Thomas Crook were

706
00:44:53.440 --> 00:44:57.559
<v Speaker 1>found guilty of third degree murder. Dewan Alexander was found

707
00:44:57.559 --> 00:45:02.559
<v Speaker 1>guilty of voluntary manslaughter. Carlos Johnson and Buchathavong were found

708
00:45:02.599 --> 00:45:06.239
<v Speaker 1>guilty of conspiracy to commit murder. Some jurors felt that

709
00:45:06.280 --> 00:45:09.039
<v Speaker 1>the prosecution hadn't proven the team set out to kill

710
00:45:09.119 --> 00:45:12.320
<v Speaker 1>that night. Others believed that at least two of the

711
00:45:12.320 --> 00:45:16.760
<v Speaker 1>defendants should have been acquitted, and some thought first degree

712
00:45:16.840 --> 00:45:21.679
<v Speaker 1>murder was warranted. They struck a compromise. Juror Lynn Pester,

713
00:45:21.840 --> 00:45:25.280
<v Speaker 1>Leader said you had to eat crow for everyone to

714
00:45:25.320 --> 00:45:28.360
<v Speaker 1>receive some sentence. We had to agree to something. It

715
00:45:28.480 --> 00:45:31.400
<v Speaker 1>came down to raise an and compromise, and nobody came

716
00:45:31.440 --> 00:45:34.599
<v Speaker 1>out a winner. Not the jurors, not the defendants, not

717
00:45:34.719 --> 00:45:40.000
<v Speaker 1>the district attorney, and definitely not the Pollocks. All the

718
00:45:40.039 --> 00:45:44.639
<v Speaker 1>defendants were given a second chance at life. Eddie's brother Billy,

719
00:45:44.920 --> 00:45:47.000
<v Speaker 1>said that his brother might have wanted it that way.

720
00:45:48.000 --> 00:45:51.199
<v Speaker 1>He said, my brother was the most forgiving person you'll

721
00:45:51.239 --> 00:45:54.039
<v Speaker 1>ever want to meet, and I wouldn't be surprised if

722
00:45:54.039 --> 00:46:05.239
<v Speaker 1>he didn't have a hand in this. Kevin Convey was

723
00:46:05.280 --> 00:46:10.039
<v Speaker 1>sentenced first, and victim impact statements were presented. Eddie's father,

724
00:46:10.159 --> 00:46:12.760
<v Speaker 1>John stood before the court room and addressed him directly,

725
00:46:13.840 --> 00:46:17.079
<v Speaker 1>your actions that night allowed my son to die. I

726
00:46:17.119 --> 00:46:21.159
<v Speaker 1>can never forgive you for that. Eddie's mother, Cathy followed.

727
00:46:21.639 --> 00:46:24.079
<v Speaker 1>Her voice was steady, but her pain was evident, as

728
00:46:24.119 --> 00:46:26.800
<v Speaker 1>she said, I wish I could say you've done the

729
00:46:26.840 --> 00:46:30.599
<v Speaker 1>honorable thing, but human nature being what it is, I

730
00:46:30.679 --> 00:46:33.719
<v Speaker 1>believe you had a need to survive. I believe everyone

731
00:46:33.840 --> 00:46:36.519
<v Speaker 1>has some decency in them. But I also believe the

732
00:46:36.559 --> 00:46:41.000
<v Speaker 1>need to survive is stronger. Then came Eddie's brother, Billy.

733
00:46:41.920 --> 00:46:44.679
<v Speaker 1>He spoke about the mornings why each one started with

734
00:46:44.719 --> 00:46:48.119
<v Speaker 1>the same aching thought. What could he have done differently?

735
00:46:48.760 --> 00:46:51.000
<v Speaker 1>What could he have done to change what happened that night.

736
00:46:51.960 --> 00:46:54.280
<v Speaker 1>He called Eddie a great friend and said the men

737
00:46:54.320 --> 00:46:59.159
<v Speaker 1>responsible had stripped him of that. Convey's defense attorney told

738
00:46:59.159 --> 00:47:01.599
<v Speaker 1>the court that his class and it was remorseful that

739
00:47:01.719 --> 00:47:05.000
<v Speaker 1>nothing could bring back Erie. The convey planned on writing

740
00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:08.639
<v Speaker 1>a letter to Edie's family. Then the judge handed down

741
00:47:08.679 --> 00:47:12.880
<v Speaker 1>the sentence twenty years in prison. The following month, it

742
00:47:12.920 --> 00:47:16.679
<v Speaker 1>was the rest of the defendants who faced sentencing. John

743
00:47:16.760 --> 00:47:20.840
<v Speaker 1>once again stood and spoke, all six of you slaughtered

744
00:47:20.840 --> 00:47:23.519
<v Speaker 1>my son. You took an innocent and real happy, go

745
00:47:23.639 --> 00:47:26.559
<v Speaker 1>lucky kid and bade his brains to a bloody pulp.

746
00:47:27.199 --> 00:47:29.320
<v Speaker 1>Don't stand up and turn around and look at me

747
00:47:29.559 --> 00:47:32.719
<v Speaker 1>or Kathy or Kirsty and Bill. We've heard you deny

748
00:47:32.760 --> 00:47:35.599
<v Speaker 1>this for months. If you're going to say you're sorry,

749
00:47:36.159 --> 00:47:41.079
<v Speaker 1>don't bother. Only two of them did, but Kathavong stood

750
00:47:41.079 --> 00:47:44.239
<v Speaker 1>and said, I'd just like to say to the polic family,

751
00:47:44.679 --> 00:47:48.760
<v Speaker 1>I'm sorry for my involvement in this whole incident. Thomas

752
00:47:48.840 --> 00:47:52.199
<v Speaker 1>Crook said, I want to say I'm sorry. I hope

753
00:47:52.199 --> 00:47:55.360
<v Speaker 1>my wrongdoings and my punishment will somehow help the next

754
00:47:55.400 --> 00:48:00.360
<v Speaker 1>generation see what's right and what's wrong. Then came the sentences.

755
00:48:01.079 --> 00:48:04.920
<v Speaker 1>Anthony Rienzi was sentenced to fifteen to thirty years, Thomas

756
00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:07.960
<v Speaker 1>Krook was sentenced to fourteen and a half to thirty years.

757
00:48:08.519 --> 00:48:13.079
<v Speaker 1>Nicholas Panero received ten to twenty years. Duan Alexander was

758
00:48:13.119 --> 00:48:17.039
<v Speaker 1>sentenced to eight to twenty years. Carlus Johnson and Bukathovong

759
00:48:17.519 --> 00:48:21.519
<v Speaker 1>both received five to ten years. All of the killers

760
00:48:21.519 --> 00:48:26.159
<v Speaker 1>have since been released. Dwan Alexander served nine years in prison,

761
00:48:26.840 --> 00:48:30.960
<v Speaker 1>Kevin Convey served seven years in prison, Carlus Johnson served

762
00:48:31.000 --> 00:48:34.719
<v Speaker 1>six years in prison, Boukathavong served ten years in prison.

763
00:48:35.400 --> 00:48:39.960
<v Speaker 1>Thomas Krook, Nick Panero, and Anthony Riense served fifteen years

764
00:48:39.960 --> 00:48:48.920
<v Speaker 1>in prison. In the wake of Eddie's murder, his father

765
00:48:49.039 --> 00:48:52.400
<v Speaker 1>John made a promise to himself that Eddie's death wouldn't

766
00:48:52.440 --> 00:48:56.119
<v Speaker 1>be for nothing. He began speaking to students at schools

767
00:48:56.159 --> 00:48:59.360
<v Speaker 1>and community events, urging them to think carefully about the

768
00:48:59.400 --> 00:49:03.360
<v Speaker 1>decisions they make and who they followed. He said to them,

769
00:49:03.840 --> 00:49:06.800
<v Speaker 1>my son didn't think anything would happen to him. Maybe

770
00:49:06.800 --> 00:49:09.000
<v Speaker 1>one kid sitting there has to make a choice in

771
00:49:09.039 --> 00:49:13.239
<v Speaker 1>the future. He never charged schools of fee. All he

772
00:49:13.360 --> 00:49:16.840
<v Speaker 1>asked was a contribution to the Lost Dreams Living Hope's Program,

773
00:49:17.400 --> 00:49:21.159
<v Speaker 1>an organization that created portraits of victims of fatal violence.

774
00:49:21.880 --> 00:49:25.199
<v Speaker 1>John also tried to push for legeddice of change in Pennsylvania.

775
00:49:26.079 --> 00:49:29.199
<v Speaker 1>He wanted the definition of first degree murder changed so

776
00:49:29.239 --> 00:49:32.000
<v Speaker 1>that a case like Eires could never again result in

777
00:49:32.079 --> 00:49:36.599
<v Speaker 1>what he saw as partial justice. That effort failed, but

778
00:49:36.679 --> 00:49:40.400
<v Speaker 1>John wasn't done. He studied nine one one dispatch records,

779
00:49:40.760 --> 00:49:43.599
<v Speaker 1>looking for every misstep that could have contributed to the

780
00:49:43.679 --> 00:49:46.960
<v Speaker 1>delay that night. When the city failed to act on

781
00:49:47.039 --> 00:49:50.400
<v Speaker 1>his findings, he threatened to soothe them, and he had

782
00:49:50.440 --> 00:49:53.519
<v Speaker 1>every right to, and in the end he forced change.

783
00:49:54.159 --> 00:49:57.199
<v Speaker 1>Training for nine one one dispatchers was overhauled with a

784
00:49:57.239 --> 00:50:02.360
<v Speaker 1>focus on stress management and better crisis response. Technology was upgraded,

785
00:50:02.760 --> 00:50:07.440
<v Speaker 1>including new mapping systems, better software, and computers inside patrol cars.

786
00:50:08.320 --> 00:50:12.320
<v Speaker 1>Supervision and oversight were improved across the board. City officials

787
00:50:12.320 --> 00:50:16.480
<v Speaker 1>finally admitted what everybody already knew. John Paulick had been

788
00:50:16.480 --> 00:50:20.239
<v Speaker 1>the driving force behind all of it. Through unimaginable loss,

789
00:50:20.239 --> 00:50:22.920
<v Speaker 1>he had become a fierce advocate, not just for his

790
00:50:23.000 --> 00:50:26.039
<v Speaker 1>own son, but for every son and daughter whose cries

791
00:50:26.079 --> 00:50:28.400
<v Speaker 1>for help might one day depend on the speed and

792
00:50:28.400 --> 00:50:32.159
<v Speaker 1>strength of the system. Eddie's life was stolen in a

793
00:50:32.239 --> 00:50:35.679
<v Speaker 1>senseless act of violence, but in his memory, his father

794
00:50:35.760 --> 00:50:39.519
<v Speaker 1>built something that would outlast the pain, something that might

795
00:50:39.559 --> 00:50:42.960
<v Speaker 1>say of someone else's child. And in doing so, John

796
00:50:43.039 --> 00:50:46.519
<v Speaker 1>kept a part of Eddie alive through change, through purpose,

797
00:50:47.119 --> 00:50:50.440
<v Speaker 1>and through the unwavering love of a father who refused

798
00:50:50.480 --> 00:51:18.599
<v Speaker 1>to let his son be forgotten. Well that is it

799
00:51:18.679 --> 00:51:21.199
<v Speaker 1>for this episode of Morbidology. As always, thank you so

800
00:51:21.280 --> 00:51:23.159
<v Speaker 1>much for listening, and i'd like to say a massive

801
00:51:23.199 --> 00:51:26.000
<v Speaker 1>thank you to my new supporters up on Patreon, Clara,

802
00:51:26.119 --> 00:51:28.719
<v Speaker 1>Heather and Samantha. The link to Patreon is in the

803
00:51:28.719 --> 00:51:31.400
<v Speaker 1>show notes. If you'd like to join, I upload adfree

804
00:51:31.400 --> 00:51:34.199
<v Speaker 1>and early release episodes behind the scenes, and I also

805
00:51:34.280 --> 00:51:36.960
<v Speaker 1>send out some kill merchant and thank you card. There's

806
00:51:37.000 --> 00:51:39.639
<v Speaker 1>also a bunch of bonus episodes of Morbidology plus that

807
00:51:39.639 --> 00:51:42.440
<v Speaker 1>are on on the regular podcast platforms. If you'd like

808
00:51:42.480 --> 00:51:44.679
<v Speaker 1>to support the show in another way, please consider leaving

809
00:51:44.679 --> 00:51:47.800
<v Speaker 1>a rating, and review on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever

810
00:51:48.000 --> 00:51:50.519
<v Speaker 1>else you may be listening. It's a great way to

811
00:51:50.519 --> 00:51:52.360
<v Speaker 1>support a show that you like, and I genuinely do

812
00:51:52.440 --> 00:51:55.960
<v Speaker 1>appreciate the feedback. Remember to check us out at morebiology

813
00:51:55.960 --> 00:51:58.360
<v Speaker 1>dot com for more information about this episode and to

814
00:51:58.400 --> 00:52:01.679
<v Speaker 1>read some true crime articles. Until next time, take care

815
00:52:01.719 --> 00:52:31.960
<v Speaker 1>of yourselves, stay safe, and have an amazing week.
