1 00:00:15,560 --> 00:00:17,519 Speaker 1: I walk straight line. 2 00:00:18,920 --> 00:00:29,399 Speaker 2: Shackle change, Oh weesome, gird, it's calling my name. There 3 00:00:29,640 --> 00:00:36,640 is no mercy and it's been a tentery juice as 4 00:00:36,759 --> 00:00:46,200 the hill stream game Wrangle three, I'm here but by 5 00:00:46,479 --> 00:00:56,280 mere to die inside these walls, inside the wild and 6 00:00:56,600 --> 00:00:59,479 went no girls. 7 00:00:59,600 --> 00:01:34,200 Speaker 3: I Hey everyone, and welcome back to Bloody Angola, a 8 00:01:34,280 --> 00:01:37,120 podcast one and forty two years in the making, the 9 00:01:37,280 --> 00:01:43,120 complete story of America's bloodiest prison. I'm Jim Chapman, and look, 10 00:01:43,599 --> 00:01:48,000 today I am going to open your eyes, maybe a 11 00:01:48,040 --> 00:01:53,719 little bit, to the horrors for lack of a better word, 12 00:01:53,760 --> 00:01:57,159 of what it is like to die in prison and 13 00:01:57,239 --> 00:02:02,000 Angola specifically, be bare read there, what happens to you 14 00:02:02,079 --> 00:02:06,040 and what happened back in the past before Bloody Angola 15 00:02:06,239 --> 00:02:09,080 was bloody Inngla and it was still a slave plantation 16 00:02:10,360 --> 00:02:12,960 just starting to grow. I guess you could say it's 17 00:02:13,039 --> 00:02:17,360 prison roots. So that's what we're going to talk about today. 18 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:20,599 And what got me thinking about this was an article 19 00:02:21,280 --> 00:02:24,520 that I read from Wilbert Rido and of course I've 20 00:02:24,560 --> 00:02:27,800 talked about him in the past. Did a full episode 21 00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:32,800 on Wilbert Rideau, certainly the best author and writer to 22 00:02:32,919 --> 00:02:34,840 ever come out of Angola, but one of the best 23 00:02:34,879 --> 00:02:38,240 authors of all time in my opinion, whether he was 24 00:02:38,280 --> 00:02:40,960 in prison or not. So I'm going to read you 25 00:02:41,120 --> 00:02:44,319 that article that he wrote, and it's going to give 26 00:02:44,360 --> 00:02:47,159 you an idea of what this is like in a 27 00:02:47,199 --> 00:02:51,159 way that only Wilbert Rideau paint it. And it reads. 28 00:02:51,240 --> 00:02:54,840 It was a nice spring morning, with a soft breeze 29 00:02:55,039 --> 00:02:58,800 rustling the leaves of the tall trees, but its beauty 30 00:02:59,120 --> 00:03:01,680 was lost upon a handful of the maids who had 31 00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:05,439 just finished digging a deep, rectangular hole that would be 32 00:03:05,479 --> 00:03:10,120 the final resting place of James Crepps number seven six 33 00:03:10,280 --> 00:03:14,439 zero six ' nine. Laying their shovels aside the grave, 34 00:03:14,479 --> 00:03:17,479 diggers inspected their work. They had done a good job. 35 00:03:17,879 --> 00:03:20,800 The hole was deep and the sides were smooth and 36 00:03:20,960 --> 00:03:25,560 even tired and dirty. They loitered around the grave, chatting 37 00:03:25,719 --> 00:03:28,879 as they waited for the scheduled funeral to take place. 38 00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:32,120 It wasn't what they wanted to be doing, but it 39 00:03:32,199 --> 00:03:35,560 was better than working in the field. A few prison 40 00:03:35,680 --> 00:03:39,800 officials arrived, soon followed by the warden. Then a yellow 41 00:03:39,840 --> 00:03:42,000 school bus pulled up on the side of the road 42 00:03:42,120 --> 00:03:46,680 directly across from the burial site. Some two dozen inmates, 43 00:03:46,840 --> 00:03:50,719 all trustees, filed out of the bus. Slowly. They began 44 00:03:50,800 --> 00:03:54,520 to wander through the cemetery, exploring it with a wide 45 00:03:54,639 --> 00:03:58,520 eyed fascination and calling out to each other in odd 46 00:03:58,840 --> 00:04:02,080 voices as they were recognized for many names of former 47 00:04:02,159 --> 00:04:06,240 inmates on some of the tombstones. Point Lookout was a 48 00:04:06,280 --> 00:04:09,800 place they had all heard about throughout their imprisonment, but 49 00:04:09,879 --> 00:04:12,840 one that most were seeing for the first time, in 50 00:04:12,879 --> 00:04:17,399 a significant departure from the typical prison funeral normally attended 51 00:04:17,439 --> 00:04:21,160 by only a chaplain, the undertaker in one or two officials, 52 00:04:21,279 --> 00:04:24,600 and the grave diggers. The warden had granted the request 53 00:04:24,759 --> 00:04:28,920 of the prisoners, all friends of Krups, to attend that funeral. 54 00:04:29,360 --> 00:04:33,040 Murmuring voices signaled the arrival of a black hearse, which 55 00:04:33,079 --> 00:04:35,639 pulled up alongside the road in front of a grave 56 00:04:35,759 --> 00:04:40,680 and stopped. The driver conferred briefly with Warden Ross Maggio 57 00:04:40,839 --> 00:04:45,160 and Chaplain Gary Pitton. Maggio turned to the waiting inmates, 58 00:04:45,480 --> 00:04:49,480 give me six of y'all to serve as pallbears. Six 59 00:04:49,519 --> 00:04:52,800 inmates moved forward, took hold of the coffin as it 60 00:04:52,879 --> 00:04:55,959 was slid out, and slowly walked the short distance to 61 00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:59,879 the grave. The chaplain led the procession, with the warden 62 00:05:00,079 --> 00:05:04,319 bringing up the rear. Two inmates carried Flora Reese, purchased 63 00:05:04,360 --> 00:05:09,600 by the inmate organizations. The typical prison funeral had no reas, 64 00:05:09,759 --> 00:05:13,360 but Cripps have been popular. He was well liked by 65 00:05:13,399 --> 00:05:17,000 the inmates. The coffin was placed on the wood planks 66 00:05:17,000 --> 00:05:20,199 above the grave, and the pallbearers stood on each side 67 00:05:20,439 --> 00:05:24,680 in a strict formation. It was a cheap, beige coffin 68 00:05:25,079 --> 00:05:29,000 made of some synthetic material that looked unmust like wood. 69 00:05:29,560 --> 00:05:34,120 Someone had written head across one end of it with 70 00:05:34,240 --> 00:05:37,000 a mark a lot so people would know the difference. 71 00:05:37,519 --> 00:05:40,480 Penton stepped to the head about his head and began 72 00:05:40,560 --> 00:05:43,639 the service by announcing to the gathering that Crypp's mother 73 00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:47,079 was an aging and seriously ill lady who wanted them 74 00:05:47,079 --> 00:05:49,240 to know that her son was not being buried in 75 00:05:49,279 --> 00:05:52,639 the prison cemetery because he was unloved, but because she 76 00:05:52,759 --> 00:05:55,600 was financially unable to bring him home and have him 77 00:05:55,680 --> 00:05:59,600 buried near her. She would have liked to have attended 78 00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:03,079 the few funeral service, Penton told the gathering, but was 79 00:06:03,120 --> 00:06:06,199 too poor and ill to make the trup. She requested 80 00:06:06,279 --> 00:06:09,879 that the thirty third Psalm be read over. Her son, 81 00:06:10,920 --> 00:06:15,120 Maurice pop Bickham, stepped beside the chaplain at the head 82 00:06:15,160 --> 00:06:18,360 of the grave. He was normally a spry man who 83 00:06:18,399 --> 00:06:22,439 moved about pretty well. Despite his sixty seven years of age, 84 00:06:22,800 --> 00:06:27,079 Bickham moved with a slowness that mirrored his depression. He 85 00:06:27,120 --> 00:06:29,600 had been a prisoner for the past twenty six years 86 00:06:29,639 --> 00:06:32,839 and had been a close friend of Crupps. He first 87 00:06:32,959 --> 00:06:36,199 met Crups on death Row, where they had spent many 88 00:06:36,319 --> 00:06:40,439 years awaiting the execution that never came. When the US 89 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:44,360 Supreme Court spared the nation's condemned prisoners with its nineteen 90 00:06:44,439 --> 00:06:48,600 seventy two ruling that the death penalty as administered violated 91 00:06:48,639 --> 00:06:52,720 the Eighth Amendment, they joined the prisoner's regular populations to 92 00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:56,279 serve life sentences. The Lord is my shepherd. I shall 93 00:06:56,319 --> 00:07:00,680 not want he maketh me lie down. Faltered as he 94 00:07:00,720 --> 00:07:04,759 read the passage from the Bible. The words soon blurred 95 00:07:04,759 --> 00:07:08,600 from tears that filled his eyes. He continued to recite 96 00:07:08,600 --> 00:07:12,199 from memory, fighting the anguish that stirred in his gut. 97 00:07:12,399 --> 00:07:14,920 He and Crips had struggled for many years for a 98 00:07:14,959 --> 00:07:18,519 freedom that neither had realized they had been through a 99 00:07:18,560 --> 00:07:22,360 lot of good and bad experiences, had slept only a 100 00:07:22,399 --> 00:07:25,160 few beds away from each other, and now he had 101 00:07:25,199 --> 00:07:28,120 to read the Psalm over his friend. It unleashed his 102 00:07:28,199 --> 00:07:32,399 own fears of death and dying in prison. Though I 103 00:07:32,439 --> 00:07:34,680 walk through the valley of the shadow of Death, I 104 00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:38,560 will fear no evil. With the Psalm read, the chaplain 105 00:07:38,600 --> 00:07:41,720 asked another prisoner to lend a song to the occasion. 106 00:07:42,319 --> 00:07:46,000 Warren Lewis stepped forward and began, Here I stand before 107 00:07:46,040 --> 00:07:50,199 your throne. His strong voice filled the hush stillness of 108 00:07:50,240 --> 00:07:56,600 the cemetery. I stand at your throne, Oh God, plead 109 00:07:56,639 --> 00:08:01,639 my case, Oh Lord. Following Lewis's solo of the other 110 00:08:01,720 --> 00:08:04,680 inmates were invited to step forth and say whatever they 111 00:08:04,720 --> 00:08:07,839 wished about the man they had known. Crips was born 112 00:08:07,959 --> 00:08:11,680 and reared in rural Michigan and was an only child. 113 00:08:12,040 --> 00:08:15,160 While living in New Orleans, he and a traveling companion 114 00:08:15,279 --> 00:08:18,160 murdered a man, and in nineteen sixty eight he found 115 00:08:18,199 --> 00:08:22,680 himself under a death sentence. After his death sentence was 116 00:08:22,720 --> 00:08:26,399 set aside, he was resentenced to life imprisonment in nineteen 117 00:08:26,480 --> 00:08:31,079 seventy three. He adjusted well to prison life despite its 118 00:08:31,199 --> 00:08:34,279 then violent nature, and according to prison officials, he was 119 00:08:34,399 --> 00:08:40,440 never a disciplinary problem. Like so many lifers, Crips tenaciously 120 00:08:40,519 --> 00:08:43,000 clung to the dream that he would one day regain 121 00:08:43,159 --> 00:08:46,559 his freedom, but since he was poor and essentially alone 122 00:08:46,600 --> 00:08:50,240 in the world, it was a lonely struggle. With his 123 00:08:50,399 --> 00:08:54,080 mother living so far away, he rarely received visitors, except 124 00:08:54,120 --> 00:08:57,360 for a male religious adviser who occasionally came by to 125 00:08:57,360 --> 00:09:00,559 see him. For a long time, he worked in the 126 00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:05,440 prison's print shop, A tireless worker who rarely complained. He 127 00:09:05,559 --> 00:09:08,799 was always cooperative and willing to do whatever he could 128 00:09:08,840 --> 00:09:12,600 to help others. A sports enthusiast, he rode the animals 129 00:09:12,600 --> 00:09:16,480 in the annual prison radio for several years. He also 130 00:09:16,600 --> 00:09:20,840 played softball and football, once even playing on an otherwise 131 00:09:20,960 --> 00:09:25,159 all black softball team and earning the moniker the White Shadow. 132 00:09:25,519 --> 00:09:29,360 Several months before his death, Crips was transferred to the 133 00:09:29,399 --> 00:09:33,639 main prisons maintenance crew, but something was physically wrong with him. 134 00:09:35,279 --> 00:09:38,360 He didn't know what it was. He started losing weight 135 00:09:38,480 --> 00:09:42,840 rapidly and was finally admitted to the prison's infirmary. Over 136 00:09:42,879 --> 00:09:45,519 the next month, he was admitted several times to the 137 00:09:45,559 --> 00:09:48,559 hospital in Baton, Rouge and New Orleans, and he died 138 00:09:48,759 --> 00:09:52,440 in New Orleans Charity Hospital of heart disease. He was 139 00:09:52,600 --> 00:09:56,200 thirty seven. At the end of the service, the pawbears 140 00:09:56,279 --> 00:09:59,440 lowered crips into the ground. The men picked up small 141 00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:02,159 clods of dirt and through them atop the coffin in 142 00:10:02,240 --> 00:10:06,960 a farewell gesture. As mourners departed the grave, diggers immediately 143 00:10:07,039 --> 00:10:10,639 began shoveling dirt into the hole. The dry, hollow sound 144 00:10:10,639 --> 00:10:14,519 of the dirt hitting the cheap coffin unnerved pop Vickim, 145 00:10:14,879 --> 00:10:17,679 and he looked back as he climbed onto the bus 146 00:10:18,279 --> 00:10:23,159 Point lookout is the prison's barrier ground, its cemetery, located 147 00:10:23,240 --> 00:10:26,919 a short distance from the prison's employee residential area. The 148 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:31,440 cemetery is nestled among a forest of pine trees. A 149 00:10:31,480 --> 00:10:34,120 paved road runs in front of it, across from which 150 00:10:34,200 --> 00:10:38,240 is a dilapidated horse form for employees. A deep gully 151 00:10:38,320 --> 00:10:41,639 runs behind it, separating it from a thick wooded area 152 00:10:41,679 --> 00:10:45,840 where some of the employees hunting dogs are pinned. It 153 00:10:45,960 --> 00:10:50,080 is a quiet and tranquil place. It's silence interrupted from 154 00:10:50,159 --> 00:10:52,879 time to time only by the wishing sound of a 155 00:10:52,960 --> 00:10:57,559 passing car. Clusters of sweet gum and oak trees dot 156 00:10:57,600 --> 00:11:00,720 the well tended lawn. The graves are laid out in 157 00:11:00,759 --> 00:11:04,720 scattered clusters toward the front. Seven rows of two hundred 158 00:11:04,720 --> 00:11:08,679 and ninety six white concrete tombstones stretch out across the 159 00:11:08,879 --> 00:11:13,039 entire width of the cemetery. On a few of the stones, 160 00:11:13,480 --> 00:11:18,799 names or names and numbers appear, but most only carrying numbers. 161 00:11:19,679 --> 00:11:22,559 In the past few years, the prison administration has tried 162 00:11:22,600 --> 00:11:25,320 to bury the dead in a uniform manner and has 163 00:11:25,320 --> 00:11:28,559 attached little white metal tags with the deceased name and 164 00:11:28,679 --> 00:11:33,679 number to those headstones. Point Lookout is not a typical cemetery. 165 00:11:33,960 --> 00:11:36,480 No one goes there except to clean the grounds or 166 00:11:36,519 --> 00:11:41,159 to bury another prisoner. There are no visitors. Prisoners are 167 00:11:41,200 --> 00:11:45,039 not permitted to go, Employees generally have no reason to visit, 168 00:11:45,200 --> 00:11:48,720 and since those buried there are dispossessed and unclaimed, there 169 00:11:48,759 --> 00:11:52,039 are no friends or relatives to come and lay out flowers. 170 00:11:52,840 --> 00:11:55,759 Even if there were, Bickam points out, they would have 171 00:11:55,840 --> 00:11:58,720 to make special arrangements to enter the prison and visit 172 00:11:58,759 --> 00:12:02,360 that grave. If they're poor and they lack transportation, the 173 00:12:02,399 --> 00:12:05,840 prison is too remote for regular visits. There's no way 174 00:12:05,879 --> 00:12:07,879 in the world that someone can catch a ride with 175 00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:10,759 somebody all the way to Angola, be dropped off at 176 00:12:10,799 --> 00:12:13,039 the cemetery, and then catch a ride all the way 177 00:12:13,080 --> 00:12:15,519 back to where they came from. Pop Bickham told the 178 00:12:15,519 --> 00:12:19,279 Angelite people can do that at cemeteries in the free world, 179 00:12:19,399 --> 00:12:22,559 but not way up here. You'd have to find someone 180 00:12:22,679 --> 00:12:25,559 coming to Angola in the first place just to catch 181 00:12:25,559 --> 00:12:28,720 a ride. And Bickham knows about such matters. He spent 182 00:12:28,759 --> 00:12:32,120 over two years working as an attendant at the cemetery. 183 00:12:32,720 --> 00:12:34,879 As long as I worked there, he said, not one 184 00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:38,879 person visited anybody in that cemetery. Bickham is right about 185 00:12:38,919 --> 00:12:41,840 the world forgetting about those buried there. Except for the 186 00:12:41,919 --> 00:12:46,639 recent burials, prison officials can tell little to any inquirer 187 00:12:46,799 --> 00:12:51,080 about the dead at Point Lookout. In fact, while there 188 00:12:51,080 --> 00:12:54,559 were two hundred and ninety six tombstones, Assistant Warden Peggy 189 00:12:54,600 --> 00:12:58,639 Gresham pointed out that it seemed inconceivable that given the 190 00:12:58,720 --> 00:13:01,440 number of deaths which have occurred over the years here 191 00:13:01,440 --> 00:13:04,679 at in Goola, there are not more people buried at 192 00:13:04,720 --> 00:13:08,799 Point Lookout. Prisoners were first sent to Angola in eighteen 193 00:13:08,919 --> 00:13:12,039 sixty nine after the state leased out all its convicts 194 00:13:12,039 --> 00:13:16,000 to Major Samuel Lawrence James to ease the financial burden 195 00:13:16,039 --> 00:13:18,960 of housing them. One of the first moves by James 196 00:13:19,080 --> 00:13:23,039 was to transfer state prisoners from the penitentiary then located 197 00:13:23,039 --> 00:13:27,360 in Baton Rudge to his Ngola cotton plantation. James had 198 00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:31,600 huge ambitions about how best to utilize inmate labor to 199 00:13:31,639 --> 00:13:34,720 make money. For the next twenty five years, he operated 200 00:13:34,720 --> 00:13:37,960 the most profitable and brutal enterprise in the history of 201 00:13:37,960 --> 00:13:41,480 the state of Louisiana, often violating state laws in the 202 00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:45,679 terms of his contract. While less prior to the Civil 203 00:13:45,720 --> 00:13:49,840 War had used inmate labor in its manufacturing operations within 204 00:13:49,919 --> 00:13:53,720 the prison facility, James knew there were enormous profits to 205 00:13:53,759 --> 00:13:56,600 be made by taking inmates out of the prison, and 206 00:13:56,679 --> 00:13:59,360 while he started with only a couple of one hundred inmates, 207 00:13:59,399 --> 00:14:03,440 he used them on the Mississippi River levees and railroad construction, 208 00:14:03,639 --> 00:14:07,919 as well as other farms and plantations, utilizing brute force 209 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:11,840 to maintain the discipline and productivity. The result was a 210 00:14:11,840 --> 00:14:15,799 living nightmare for the convicts, but an empire for James. 211 00:14:16,519 --> 00:14:19,519 In a matter of months. During the first year, James 212 00:14:19,519 --> 00:14:23,440 made a half million dollars which was a king's fortune 213 00:14:23,759 --> 00:14:27,480 in those days. But by the eighteen eighties the least 214 00:14:27,559 --> 00:14:31,559 system began to receive public criticism, which grew louder as 215 00:14:31,600 --> 00:14:35,559 the Major and his subcontractors continued to work, mutilate, and 216 00:14:35,639 --> 00:14:40,320 kill prisoners throughout Louisiana. In eighteen eighty six, a newspaper 217 00:14:40,360 --> 00:14:44,679 in Clinton, Louisiana described what was by then common knowledge 218 00:14:44,759 --> 00:14:48,559 when it stated that the men on James' works are 219 00:14:48,600 --> 00:14:52,200 brutally treated, and everybody knows it. They are worked mostly 220 00:14:52,240 --> 00:14:56,440 in the swamps and plantations, from daylight to dark. Corporal 221 00:14:56,440 --> 00:15:00,879 punishment is inflicted on the slightest provocation. Anyone who has 222 00:15:00,919 --> 00:15:03,519 traveled along the lines of the railroads that run through 223 00:15:03,600 --> 00:15:06,919 Louisiana swamps in which the levies are built, they have 224 00:15:07,039 --> 00:15:10,840 seen the poor devils almost to the waste in the 225 00:15:10,879 --> 00:15:16,879 black and noxious mud. C. Harrison Parker, editor of the 226 00:15:16,919 --> 00:15:20,240 New Orleans Daily. Picky Un, a leading critic of the 227 00:15:20,279 --> 00:15:23,600 horrors inflicted upon the prisoners by James, asserted that it 228 00:15:23,639 --> 00:15:26,840 would be more humane to execute anyone sentenced to more 229 00:15:26,879 --> 00:15:30,799 than six years in james Lee system, because the average 230 00:15:30,840 --> 00:15:35,639 convict didn't live that long anyway. In eighteen ninety state 231 00:15:35,720 --> 00:15:40,600 representative C. W. Seals of Clabne Parish also condemned James 232 00:15:40,600 --> 00:15:43,159 in his brutal system, charging on the floors of the 233 00:15:43,159 --> 00:15:45,960 house that the death rate is about four times as 234 00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:49,000 great in proportion to the number of convicts as the 235 00:15:49,080 --> 00:15:52,919 death rate is in any penitentiary in the United States. 236 00:15:54,639 --> 00:15:58,440 Joseph Ransdell, a North Louisiana attorney who would later become 237 00:15:58,480 --> 00:16:01,720 a US Senator, stated in a trial in eighteen ninety 238 00:16:01,720 --> 00:16:04,039 eight that a friend had told him that he had 239 00:16:04,039 --> 00:16:07,519 seen forty two convicts buried at one camp in either 240 00:16:07,559 --> 00:16:10,919 eighteen eighty five or eighty six, and the deaths were 241 00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:15,919 nearly all caused by overwork, exposure, and brutality. James kept 242 00:16:15,919 --> 00:16:19,559 his books closed from the public and official scrutiny, and 243 00:16:19,639 --> 00:16:22,799 there was no official reports from the prison for the 244 00:16:22,879 --> 00:16:26,799 years eighteen eighty five and eighteen eighty six. However, the 245 00:16:26,840 --> 00:16:30,919 Prison Border Control admitted two years before Ransdeal made his 246 00:16:31,159 --> 00:16:34,919 charge that two hundred and sixteen convicts died in eighteen 247 00:16:35,080 --> 00:16:39,039 ninety six alone, and until the lease system ended in 248 00:16:39,120 --> 00:16:42,480 nineteen oh one, the death rate averaged about ten percent, 249 00:16:42,840 --> 00:16:45,679 with a total of about eight hundred deaths during the 250 00:16:45,759 --> 00:16:50,440 system's last seven years. On the basis of his research, 251 00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:54,720 Mark Carlton of the Louisiana State University estimated that as 252 00:16:54,759 --> 00:16:58,759 many as three thousand men, women, and children convicts, most 253 00:16:58,799 --> 00:17:02,759 of them black, died during the infamous thirty year period 254 00:17:02,799 --> 00:17:07,640 between eighteen seventy and nineteen oh one. During the last 255 00:17:07,680 --> 00:17:10,640 full year of the lease system nineteen hundred, there were 256 00:17:10,680 --> 00:17:13,240 a total of nine hundred and eighty nine prisoners in 257 00:17:13,279 --> 00:17:16,880 the state's leased penal system, one hundred forty nine whites 258 00:17:16,920 --> 00:17:20,000 in eight hundred and forty blacks. The light of those 259 00:17:20,039 --> 00:17:22,920 still alive at the end of the year improved considerably 260 00:17:23,240 --> 00:17:27,440 with the resumption of state control. The more brutal methods 261 00:17:27,440 --> 00:17:31,279 employed under James rule were abandoned, and the morality rate 262 00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:36,839 dropped dramatically. Henry Fuculaw, chief administrative officer of the penal system, 263 00:17:36,960 --> 00:17:40,200 reported to the legislature in nineteen eighteen that the death 264 00:17:40,279 --> 00:17:43,160 rate for convicts had dropped to thirty five point three 265 00:17:43,279 --> 00:17:48,079 per year between nineteen oh one and nineteen seventeen. The 266 00:17:48,119 --> 00:17:52,079 next available statistic on the convict death rate was contained 267 00:17:52,119 --> 00:17:55,359 in a nineteen forty prison report, which stated that between 268 00:17:55,440 --> 00:17:58,240 nineteen thirty one and nineteen thirty five, the number of 269 00:17:58,319 --> 00:18:01,640 deaths had increased under the juil uneral management of R. L. 270 00:18:01,799 --> 00:18:04,759 Himes to an average of forty one per year. In 271 00:18:04,839 --> 00:18:08,559 his History of the Louisiana Penal System, Carlton states that 272 00:18:08,640 --> 00:18:12,880 prison officials, squeezed between the depression and their own venality, 273 00:18:13,400 --> 00:18:16,759 may well have resorted more often to brutality in order 274 00:18:16,799 --> 00:18:21,319 to make the penal system self supporting. On May eleventh, 275 00:18:21,400 --> 00:18:24,759 nineteen forty one, The Time Speaking reported that a study 276 00:18:24,759 --> 00:18:27,960 of prison records revealed that fifteen hundred and forty seven 277 00:18:28,039 --> 00:18:31,920 inmates were flogged with twenty three thousand, eight hundred and 278 00:18:31,960 --> 00:18:37,160 eighty nine recorded blows of the double lash, which were 279 00:18:37,240 --> 00:18:42,200 inflicted on prisoners in nineteen thirty three alone. Thousands have 280 00:18:42,359 --> 00:18:46,519 died in the Louisiana penal system. The question is where 281 00:18:46,519 --> 00:18:51,440 have they been buried? Information on this is even more 282 00:18:51,480 --> 00:18:54,839 scarce than information about what happened to the prisoners over 283 00:18:54,880 --> 00:18:58,839 the years. The problem is the prison system until recent 284 00:18:58,920 --> 00:19:03,240 times operated in violation of state laws, with a criminality 285 00:19:03,319 --> 00:19:07,039 and violence that matched and often exceeded that of prisoners 286 00:19:07,079 --> 00:19:10,799 in its custody. Like any criminal, the system cloaked its 287 00:19:10,839 --> 00:19:15,759 activities in secrecy. Since major James kept his books and 288 00:19:15,880 --> 00:19:19,440 operations closed from the public an official scrutiny during his 289 00:19:19,640 --> 00:19:23,480 murderous reign. There is no way of knowing who died, how, 290 00:19:23,759 --> 00:19:27,920 when or where. Between eighteen sixty eight and nineteen hundred. 291 00:19:28,279 --> 00:19:31,759 Information was obtained during the penal system's transition from the 292 00:19:31,839 --> 00:19:35,079 LEAs to the state, but no major report came out 293 00:19:35,119 --> 00:19:39,680 of the prison until nineteen eighteen, and even that report 294 00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:43,799 offered no precise information as to the number of convicts 295 00:19:43,839 --> 00:19:47,559 actually imprisoned at any time between eighteen ninety three and 296 00:19:47,720 --> 00:19:54,519 nineteen seventeen. It produced only muddled averages for prison population, death, admissions, 297 00:19:54,559 --> 00:19:58,400 discharge and so on, some of which don't jive with 298 00:19:58,599 --> 00:20:03,319 reports from other sources. No more official reports were issued 299 00:20:03,359 --> 00:20:07,200 about the prison's activities until nineteen thirty two as far 300 00:20:07,279 --> 00:20:10,599 as records and public information went, and GOLA ceased to 301 00:20:10,720 --> 00:20:13,799 exist during the nineteen twenties. For the most part, what 302 00:20:13,960 --> 00:20:19,119 happened during that period is and will remain unknown and 303 00:20:19,200 --> 00:20:22,359 aside from the brief report issued in nineteen thirty two, 304 00:20:22,519 --> 00:20:26,279 and GOLA was once again removed from public scrutiny until 305 00:20:26,359 --> 00:20:31,759 nineteen forty, when an anti Huey Long administration assumed the governorship. 306 00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:35,000 It's a dark stain on the state's history that no 307 00:20:35,079 --> 00:20:38,319 one probably will ever know what happened to those locked 308 00:20:38,400 --> 00:20:42,279 up in the penal system. Throughout those secret years, prisoners 309 00:20:42,319 --> 00:20:45,079 could die and be buried, and except for a few 310 00:20:45,160 --> 00:20:48,839 notable points on them boom, and except for a few 311 00:20:48,920 --> 00:20:52,079 notable points in time, their fate was of little, if 312 00:20:52,119 --> 00:20:56,440 any significance to the public or to state officials. Penal 313 00:20:56,480 --> 00:21:01,759 authorities could easily keep their activities, even murder secret, given 314 00:21:01,799 --> 00:21:08,319 the public's apathy. Unfortunately, the public's concern for inmates' welfare 315 00:21:08,359 --> 00:21:12,839 and its enthusiasm for their rehabilitation have always been inversely 316 00:21:12,880 --> 00:21:16,319 proportional to the number of black convicts perceived to be 317 00:21:16,440 --> 00:21:21,160 within the system. Prior to the Civil War, when the 318 00:21:21,200 --> 00:21:24,960 convict population was primarily white, the state and even the 319 00:21:25,079 --> 00:21:29,400 leases chose manufacturing as a means of utilizing inmate labor. 320 00:21:30,279 --> 00:21:34,440 When the inmate population became predominantly black following the Civil War, 321 00:21:34,519 --> 00:21:37,960 the public sin confused the crime problem with the Negro 322 00:21:38,359 --> 00:21:43,000 quote unquote problem, a perception that still lingers today. The 323 00:21:43,079 --> 00:21:45,920 further one moves back in time, the less likely it 324 00:21:46,000 --> 00:21:48,480 is that a prisoner's body was claimed by his family 325 00:21:48,519 --> 00:21:52,119 and given a private and decent burial. While prison officials 326 00:21:52,119 --> 00:21:55,119 today can pick up a telephone and immediately contact the 327 00:21:55,200 --> 00:21:57,680 next of ken in the event of a prisoner's death, 328 00:21:57,799 --> 00:22:01,880 communication wasn't always that simple. It was a long time 329 00:22:01,960 --> 00:22:06,680 before telephones or automobiles became meaningful realities for the lower 330 00:22:06,720 --> 00:22:09,960 social class, the class from which the bulk of state 331 00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:13,400 prisoners have always come from, and the ones least able 332 00:22:13,480 --> 00:22:16,519 to afford the expense of transporting and bearing a body. 333 00:22:16,799 --> 00:22:20,920 Given the reality, the frequency in which inmate's bodies remained 334 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:24,880 unclaimed and the prison had to dispose of them must 335 00:22:24,920 --> 00:22:29,119 have been much greater, if not routine, prior to the 336 00:22:29,200 --> 00:22:32,839 nineteen hundreds. It's reasonably safe to assume that the prisoners 337 00:22:32,839 --> 00:22:36,400 who died between eighteen thirty five, when the penitentiary was 338 00:22:36,480 --> 00:22:40,200 located in Baton Rouge and the Civil War were buried 339 00:22:40,240 --> 00:22:43,880 in the pauper cemetery in that city. During that era 340 00:22:44,079 --> 00:22:48,400 of Crewe communication and transportation, it's highly unlikely that the 341 00:22:48,440 --> 00:22:51,640 body of a prisoner without family and Baton Rouge would 342 00:22:51,640 --> 00:22:55,960 have been kept somehow until the family received a mailed 343 00:22:56,200 --> 00:22:59,920 death notice and could come pick up the body. The 344 00:23:00,160 --> 00:23:04,200 same technological and economic realities governing the lives of people 345 00:23:04,200 --> 00:23:07,359 from eighteen sixty eight to nineteen oh one, a time 346 00:23:07,400 --> 00:23:10,799 when prisoners died like flies under the rule of the lease. 347 00:23:11,440 --> 00:23:14,920 It must be assame that prisoners were buried wherever they died, 348 00:23:15,960 --> 00:23:19,559 and that could have been anywhere, since Major James worked 349 00:23:19,680 --> 00:23:23,880 his inmates all over the state. Given the high mortality 350 00:23:23,960 --> 00:23:27,240 rate of those working under james whip, it stands to 351 00:23:27,319 --> 00:23:30,039 reason that a lot of inmates died on the Angola 352 00:23:30,119 --> 00:23:33,839 plantation between eighteen sixty eight and nineteen oh one, and 353 00:23:33,880 --> 00:23:36,720 the logical inference can be drawn that most of them 354 00:23:36,759 --> 00:23:40,920 were buried on the plantation grounds. It was common practice 355 00:23:40,960 --> 00:23:44,359 in the South for plantations to maintain their own cemeteries 356 00:23:44,359 --> 00:23:47,920 for family members and slaves, and it's unlikely Inngola was 357 00:23:47,960 --> 00:23:52,599 any exception. The earliest recollection of the existence of a 358 00:23:52,759 --> 00:23:57,480 prisoner cemetery dates back to the early nineteen twenties. Jack Davis, 359 00:23:57,519 --> 00:24:01,400 a former Angola postmaster, grew up in and around Angola 360 00:24:01,599 --> 00:24:06,079 during that period. He recalls an inmate cemetery known as 361 00:24:06,200 --> 00:24:10,079 boot Hill and located on a small knoll near the 362 00:24:10,119 --> 00:24:14,000 infamous Red Hat cell block. At some point during the 363 00:24:14,079 --> 00:24:17,640 nineteen thirties, all of the Boothill graves were transferred to 364 00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:23,039 the present location now known as Point Lookout. C. C. Dixon, 365 00:24:23,119 --> 00:24:26,039 who was working at Camp F for a time, recalls 366 00:24:26,119 --> 00:24:28,599 that they would dig up one grave and take it 367 00:24:28,640 --> 00:24:31,559 over there and bury it, then go get another one. 368 00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:34,559 They take one at a time, and they just kept 369 00:24:34,599 --> 00:24:38,039 at it until they finally got through with it. Dixon 370 00:24:38,119 --> 00:24:41,519 and Davis recalled it ironically. During a period of strict 371 00:24:41,720 --> 00:24:46,319 racial segregation throughout the South, including in the Louisiana prison system, 372 00:24:46,519 --> 00:24:50,240 prisoners were buried together at the same cemetery without regard 373 00:24:50,279 --> 00:24:54,240 to race. As Grisham points out, that was something that 374 00:24:54,359 --> 00:24:58,240 didn't happen in the free world. Obviously. The only places 375 00:24:58,279 --> 00:25:01,519 in Louisiana where blacks and white it's achieved equality during 376 00:25:01,559 --> 00:25:05,119 that era were at Angola's boot Heel in Point Lookout. 377 00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:08,839 The overwhelming majority of Point Lookout graves are marked by 378 00:25:08,920 --> 00:25:13,839 tombstones bearing a prison's number in ten thousands, twenty thousands, 379 00:25:13,839 --> 00:25:17,960 and thirty thousands, all of which were issued to incoming 380 00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:22,759 prisoners between nineteen twenty and nineteen forty. It's my guess 381 00:25:22,799 --> 00:25:25,880 that most of them died shortly after their number was issued. 382 00:25:25,960 --> 00:25:29,480 Assistant Warden Gresham says, if you look at the number 383 00:25:29,519 --> 00:25:32,000 of deaths during those years, then it's my guess that 384 00:25:32,079 --> 00:25:35,640 some of those people weren't here very long. It's also 385 00:25:35,720 --> 00:25:39,920 worth noting that prisoners generally served out sentences during those years. 386 00:25:40,079 --> 00:25:43,079 A nineteen eighty and Golight study of records from that 387 00:25:43,200 --> 00:25:48,160 era revealed that even murderers serving life sentences generally got 388 00:25:48,200 --> 00:25:51,599 out of prison in less than eight years. A nineteen 389 00:25:51,640 --> 00:25:54,559 sixty nine report by the Commission of Law Enforcement and 390 00:25:54,599 --> 00:25:59,000 Administration of Justice stated that the average Louisiana inmate during 391 00:25:59,000 --> 00:26:02,920 the nineteen sixty was freed after only two years in prison. 392 00:26:03,119 --> 00:26:06,160 It has been within the last decade that Louisiana inmates 393 00:26:06,160 --> 00:26:10,400 had been required to serve four more years than traditionally required, 394 00:26:11,559 --> 00:26:14,960 judging by the prison numbers in the years of their issuance. 395 00:26:15,240 --> 00:26:19,079 Point Lookout experienced most of its burials during the twenties, thirties, 396 00:26:19,119 --> 00:26:24,160 and forties, a particularly harsh and brutal era when official 397 00:26:24,240 --> 00:26:30,759 administrative secrecy veiled prison activities, and according to William Woodnear Saddler, 398 00:26:30,920 --> 00:26:33,319 the first editor of the Ngolelight, who came to in 399 00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:37,160 gol in nineteen thirty five, the procedure for bearing inmates 400 00:26:37,359 --> 00:26:40,359 was as mean as the world they were forced to 401 00:26:40,440 --> 00:26:44,240 exist in. In nineteen seventy seven, he recalled a nineteen 402 00:26:44,359 --> 00:26:48,599 thirty five burial practice for the Ngollight, and it read 403 00:26:48,799 --> 00:26:51,799 when an Angolan died or was killed, his body was 404 00:26:51,839 --> 00:26:54,319 taken to the ice house next door to the power 405 00:26:54,359 --> 00:26:57,680 plant at Camp E and kept cold for a period 406 00:26:57,839 --> 00:27:03,079 which did not exceed three days. The man's necks of 407 00:27:03,160 --> 00:27:08,240 ken if on record, they were notified. If there was 408 00:27:08,319 --> 00:27:10,720 no next of ken, the man would be buried in 409 00:27:10,799 --> 00:27:15,279 the penitentiary cemetery at Point Lookout, halfway between the front 410 00:27:15,279 --> 00:27:18,599 gate and Camp I on the old Camp B road. 411 00:27:19,799 --> 00:27:23,559 The burial crew were three black trustees from Camp A, 412 00:27:23,759 --> 00:27:26,200 and they would bring their two wheeled cart pulled by 413 00:27:26,200 --> 00:27:30,559 a mule, to the ice house. A much used pine 414 00:27:30,599 --> 00:27:33,720 coffin was in the cart. The body would be turned 415 00:27:33,720 --> 00:27:35,880 over to them and the crew would wrap the body 416 00:27:35,920 --> 00:27:38,640 in a canvas sheet, put it in the coffin, and 417 00:27:38,759 --> 00:27:44,200 drive the long, slow road to the cemetery. Once there, 418 00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:47,680 the crew would dig a hole not necessarily six feet deep, 419 00:27:48,079 --> 00:27:51,920 or often just deep enough to conceal the corpse. The 420 00:27:51,920 --> 00:27:55,079 coffin would be suspended over the hole and the bolt 421 00:27:55,160 --> 00:27:58,119 on the underside would be slept. The bottom of the 422 00:27:58,160 --> 00:28:01,200 coffin would swing open because it was hinged on the 423 00:28:01,240 --> 00:28:05,000 other side, and the shoty corpse would tumble into the hole. 424 00:28:05,400 --> 00:28:07,720 Two of the crew would reach down into the hole 425 00:28:07,839 --> 00:28:10,359 pull the canvas shroud off the body so it could 426 00:28:10,400 --> 00:28:14,119 be used again. While it was quite evident that the 427 00:28:14,119 --> 00:28:18,119 prison utilized boot Heel and then Point Lookout as burial 428 00:28:18,160 --> 00:28:21,279 grounds for those prisoners whose bodies were not claimed, there 429 00:28:21,319 --> 00:28:24,680 are questions that bag explanation and the two hundred and 430 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:28,200 ninety six grades of the cemetery only compound that mystery. 431 00:28:29,200 --> 00:28:32,279 The average annual death rate between nineteen oh one and 432 00:28:32,400 --> 00:28:36,279 nineteen seventeen was officially reported by the prison officials to 433 00:28:36,359 --> 00:28:39,599 be thirty five point three, yet there is only one 434 00:28:39,680 --> 00:28:44,240 grave from that period at Point Lookout, that of NH. Waller, 435 00:28:44,839 --> 00:28:49,319 number ten seven three. It's not likely that the bodies 436 00:28:49,319 --> 00:28:52,519 of all inmates who died between nineteen hundred and say 437 00:28:52,799 --> 00:28:56,319 nineteen forty were claimed by friends or relatives and buried 438 00:28:56,359 --> 00:29:01,519 elsewhere outside the prison. As Gresham pointed out, they didn't 439 00:29:01,519 --> 00:29:04,720 know anything about embalming, and they couldn't very well ship 440 00:29:04,759 --> 00:29:08,000 bodies all over the place. It wasn't practical to ship 441 00:29:08,039 --> 00:29:11,359 bodies long distances back in those days. It would take 442 00:29:11,519 --> 00:29:15,119 days to get anywhere by wagons. So it's logical to 443 00:29:15,200 --> 00:29:18,079 assume that the prison probably had to bury most of 444 00:29:18,119 --> 00:29:21,640 the inmates who died, and a lot of them died. 445 00:29:22,440 --> 00:29:25,039 Yet there are not enough graves at Point Lookout to 446 00:29:25,119 --> 00:29:28,240 accommodate the number of inmates who died during that era. 447 00:29:28,720 --> 00:29:34,720 Where were the dead inmates buried, We don't know, Grusham states, Frankly, 448 00:29:35,279 --> 00:29:37,359 we don't know where they died at, whether here in 449 00:29:37,440 --> 00:29:40,599 Angola or elsewhere. If we knew where they were housed, 450 00:29:40,680 --> 00:29:43,759 we could guess where they were buried. The most reliable 451 00:29:43,799 --> 00:29:47,680 indication of who died where and how, and the possible 452 00:29:47,720 --> 00:29:50,359 side of their burial, lies in the manner in which 453 00:29:50,440 --> 00:29:55,599 the prison authorities distributed convicts through its work assignment system. 454 00:29:55,839 --> 00:30:00,279 The classification system employed by penal authorities was simple trned 455 00:30:00,359 --> 00:30:05,240 along racial lines. Levy work in that pre bulldozer era 456 00:30:05,759 --> 00:30:10,160 was deadly, and, according to historian Mark Carlton, was where 457 00:30:10,160 --> 00:30:13,400 most of the recorded deaths between eighteen ninety and nineteen 458 00:30:13,480 --> 00:30:17,680 hundred occurred. After nineteen oh one, the prison assigned only 459 00:30:17,759 --> 00:30:20,680 black inmates to work on the levees. The second and 460 00:30:20,720 --> 00:30:24,759 most onerous brutal work assignment was on the sugarcane plantations, 461 00:30:24,799 --> 00:30:29,160 and these assignments were also primarily given to black inmates. Therefore, 462 00:30:29,240 --> 00:30:32,480 over two thirds of the prisoners, primarily black, were not 463 00:30:32,759 --> 00:30:37,720 even at Angola, giving the brutal nature of their work assignments. 464 00:30:37,799 --> 00:30:40,480 Most of the deaths among prisoners in the early nineteen 465 00:30:40,559 --> 00:30:45,279 hundreds probably occurred at levee camps or sugar plantations. There 466 00:30:45,279 --> 00:30:48,200 may be more truth than fiction to the tales that 467 00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:52,559 the state's massive levee systems were built atop inmate workers. 468 00:30:53,039 --> 00:30:55,960 Those inmates certainly were not shipped back to Angola for 469 00:30:56,079 --> 00:31:00,799 burial at Point Lookout. Imprisonment and penal operations in Louisiana 470 00:31:00,839 --> 00:31:03,880 are no longer crue primitive affairs that they used to be. 471 00:31:04,319 --> 00:31:08,720 Federal courts, recognition of prisoner's rights, and enlightened and sophisticated 472 00:31:08,759 --> 00:31:11,200 penal management have put an end to the harsh and 473 00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:15,039 brutal practices of the past. Medical care, which was once 474 00:31:15,160 --> 00:31:19,319 almost non existent for prisoners, now exist. It made violence, 475 00:31:19,400 --> 00:31:21,599 which used to tear at the very fabric of the 476 00:31:21,640 --> 00:31:24,720 prison world, has long ceased to be a major factor 477 00:31:24,839 --> 00:31:28,559 in the inmate mortality rate. Men now die of old 478 00:31:28,599 --> 00:31:33,039 age or illness. Today's circumstances being what they are, more 479 00:31:33,079 --> 00:31:36,440 of our prisoners are dying of natural cause, as Grusham said, 480 00:31:36,519 --> 00:31:39,160 and are more likely to die in a hospital away 481 00:31:39,160 --> 00:31:42,680 from Angola than in Angola. The prospect of dying in 482 00:31:42,720 --> 00:31:46,640 prison is a nightmarish fear that haunts every prisoner like 483 00:31:46,680 --> 00:31:50,559 a ghost. Dying anywhere isn't a pleasant thing, Mordan Maggie 484 00:31:50,599 --> 00:31:53,839 had pointed out in those dying here pretty much the 485 00:31:53,880 --> 00:31:57,319 same as people in nursing homes, while dying in prison 486 00:31:57,440 --> 00:31:59,680 is perhaps not the same as dying at home. We're 487 00:31:59,720 --> 00:32:02,519 trying to make it as comfortable as possible for them. 488 00:32:02,759 --> 00:32:05,599 In fact, that was a major consideration in the creation 489 00:32:05,759 --> 00:32:08,960 and operation of the Old Folks Ward at the hospital, 490 00:32:09,359 --> 00:32:12,839 to have a more comfortable situation for the elderly prisoner, 491 00:32:12,960 --> 00:32:17,279 with nursing care and medical attention readily available. But that 492 00:32:17,440 --> 00:32:22,119 knowledge offers no consolation to prisoners faced with the prospect 493 00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:26,799 of dying in prison. It's dying away from home, alone 494 00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:30,359 with strangers in the callous atmosphere of the prison. Being 495 00:32:30,440 --> 00:32:33,319 treated and cared for more often than not by an 496 00:32:33,319 --> 00:32:37,160 indifferent hand. It's grossly different from dying in the warmth 497 00:32:37,160 --> 00:32:39,920 of a home, in the bosom of friends and relatives, 498 00:32:40,559 --> 00:32:44,960 which eases the sting of death somewhat. There's nothing in 499 00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:48,359 the prisoner's world that can soften the finality of death. 500 00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:52,119 A longing look out of a window reveals a world 501 00:32:52,160 --> 00:32:55,920 of guns, curses, and noise, as callous as the concrete 502 00:32:55,920 --> 00:32:59,799 it's made of. There is no warmth, beauty or meaning, 503 00:33:00,160 --> 00:33:04,880 no lasting pleasures, touches, joys, or words. In prison, there 504 00:33:04,960 --> 00:33:08,920 is nothing. You suffer alone, and you die alone, feeding 505 00:33:08,960 --> 00:33:13,720 the fear and misery of those who must watched you die. 506 00:33:13,799 --> 00:33:17,799 Roy Fogum was a close friend of James Cripps. Fogum, 507 00:33:17,960 --> 00:33:21,359 a patient at the prison hospital, couldn't attend Cripp's funeral, 508 00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:25,279 but he watched him languish in the prison hospital ward 509 00:33:25,359 --> 00:33:29,079 until Crips was transferred to that charity hospital in New Orleans. 510 00:33:29,279 --> 00:33:32,759 He shared Crip's frustration during the initial stages of his 511 00:33:32,839 --> 00:33:35,400 illness as the doctors tried to find out what was 512 00:33:35,440 --> 00:33:38,599 wrong with him. They slept two beds of port at 513 00:33:38,640 --> 00:33:43,119 the hospital ward. After Crips was transferred to New Orleans. 514 00:33:43,160 --> 00:33:46,880 Fogrum also made a couple of medical trips to Charity Hospital, 515 00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:51,279 and he inquired each time about his friend's condition. I 516 00:33:51,400 --> 00:33:53,960 was told he was unconscious and had a bad heart, 517 00:33:54,079 --> 00:33:58,319 and that they couldn't operate on him. Fogum recounts the 518 00:33:58,359 --> 00:34:01,279 next trip I made the following week, I asked about 519 00:34:01,319 --> 00:34:04,680 him again, and they told me, Roy, your friend is 520 00:34:04,720 --> 00:34:07,440 not going to make it. When word of Cryp's death 521 00:34:07,519 --> 00:34:10,800 finally reached Fogum at the prison hospital, it seemed like 522 00:34:11,039 --> 00:34:14,960 a part of me died, he said. A little later, 523 00:34:15,400 --> 00:34:20,079 Fogum watched another friend, Charles Little One Collins, who slept 524 00:34:20,159 --> 00:34:25,039 three beds away from him, die. Crips had died alone. 525 00:34:25,440 --> 00:34:30,159 In contrast, Colin's wife visited him a week before his death, 526 00:34:30,280 --> 00:34:33,440 although she could not stay with him. He suffered day 527 00:34:33,440 --> 00:34:37,079 and night. Fogum recalls, I sat there in my wheelchair 528 00:34:37,159 --> 00:34:40,000 the night he died. He was hollering about how hot 529 00:34:40,079 --> 00:34:43,400 it was. I told him the air conditioner was on. 530 00:34:43,840 --> 00:34:46,800 Fogram had to watch his friend's agony and death, then 531 00:34:46,880 --> 00:34:50,159 watch the hearst take Little One away the next morning. 532 00:34:51,280 --> 00:34:53,639 That kind of thing can get to you, he said. 533 00:34:53,800 --> 00:34:57,400 You're sitting there helping your friend to die. Looking at 534 00:34:57,480 --> 00:35:00,639 him and knowing that the same thing could happened to you, 535 00:35:01,360 --> 00:35:05,199 it starts bugging your mind, and sooner or later you 536 00:35:05,280 --> 00:35:08,880 can't even think right. Sometimes I have nightmares. I lay 537 00:35:08,920 --> 00:35:12,880 in my bed and cry like little one did. There's 538 00:35:12,920 --> 00:35:16,440 no respirit from the pain of imprisonment. When Folgram is 539 00:35:16,519 --> 00:35:19,880 transported to a hospital outside the prison for medical treatment, 540 00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:23,400 he travels with his leg irons hobbling him around the ankles, 541 00:35:23,400 --> 00:35:26,199 and with his wrist handcuffed and chained to his waist. 542 00:35:27,360 --> 00:35:31,360 A painful black lock box also on his wrist prevents 543 00:35:31,440 --> 00:35:35,039 him from picking the handcuff lock. He goes fully shackled, 544 00:35:35,360 --> 00:35:39,679 as did Crips and Collins, despite cancer eating Collins away. 545 00:35:40,400 --> 00:35:43,000 It didn't matter that Crips and Collins were dying. They 546 00:35:43,000 --> 00:35:45,760 had to lie on their stretchers, weighted down by the 547 00:35:45,880 --> 00:35:49,079 chains that bound them and held them prisoner. It's the 548 00:35:49,159 --> 00:35:52,559 general policy that when a prisoner is shipped out of Angola, 549 00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:55,400 whether they go to court or another hospital, that he 550 00:35:55,519 --> 00:36:00,199 is to be shackled. Maggio said. My first responsibility is 551 00:36:00,239 --> 00:36:02,400 to make sure that a prisoner is secure when we 552 00:36:02,440 --> 00:36:05,199 send him out of the prisident into the public. The 553 00:36:05,280 --> 00:36:07,599 fact that a man is dying doesn't mean that he 554 00:36:07,679 --> 00:36:10,639 won't attempt to escape or that he can't do anything. 555 00:36:11,719 --> 00:36:14,559 If the leg irons and handcuffs would interfere with the 556 00:36:14,599 --> 00:36:17,679 man's medical care, they are not put on the prisoner. 557 00:36:17,960 --> 00:36:21,199 And while it's a general policy to shackle everyone, there 558 00:36:21,239 --> 00:36:24,960 have been numerous exceptions to that policy, and I expect 559 00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:27,320 that there will be more in the future. It all 560 00:36:27,360 --> 00:36:30,760 depends on what the medical staff would say about the 561 00:36:30,760 --> 00:36:35,079 inmate's condition. Cripps died in shackles, chained to his bed 562 00:36:35,239 --> 00:36:38,039 in the Charity Hospital in New Orleans, with the cold 563 00:36:38,079 --> 00:36:42,400 steel biting into him as the prisoners that died before him. 564 00:36:42,840 --> 00:36:46,719 The mere idea drives needles of fear into Fulgram, who 565 00:36:46,840 --> 00:36:49,480 wants to die like that, chained up like some kind 566 00:36:49,519 --> 00:36:52,840 of animal. He said, I certainly don't want to die 567 00:36:52,880 --> 00:36:57,440 like that. He's trying to avoid the possibility. Though he's 568 00:36:57,480 --> 00:37:01,280 been in prison twenty four years time that would have 569 00:37:01,360 --> 00:37:05,840 crushed most family relationships. Folgram's family is still sticking with 570 00:37:05,920 --> 00:37:09,079 him and fighting to prevent his dying chained to a 571 00:37:09,159 --> 00:37:12,519 hospital bed. His family is trying to secure a medical 572 00:37:12,599 --> 00:37:16,159 discharge or furlough from prison for him. I'm hoping and 573 00:37:16,280 --> 00:37:19,679 praying that they can get a medical discharge or furlough 574 00:37:19,880 --> 00:37:23,280 or whatever it is, he said from his hospital wheelchair. 575 00:37:23,400 --> 00:37:26,599 There is little n Fogram's immediate world to give him 576 00:37:26,679 --> 00:37:31,119 reason to hope. He watched Collins die waited for a 577 00:37:31,159 --> 00:37:34,719 medical furlough that never came. Looking a few beds away 578 00:37:34,719 --> 00:37:37,559 from him, he watches a nurse and an inmate orderly 579 00:37:37,679 --> 00:37:41,840 tending to Joe Brown, another patient. He's got no legs 580 00:37:41,920 --> 00:37:45,719 from the knees down, nothing, said Fulgram. They've got to 581 00:37:45,760 --> 00:37:48,599 take care of him, bathe him and everything else like that. 582 00:37:49,159 --> 00:37:51,159 He went up to the pardon board and asked for 583 00:37:51,199 --> 00:37:53,239 a break, to be allowed to go home, but they 584 00:37:53,239 --> 00:37:56,639 said he ain't served enough time. Hell, how do they 585 00:37:56,679 --> 00:37:59,320 expect the guy to live? I think that any man 586 00:37:59,360 --> 00:38:01,880 who has been here in your years and got bad health, 587 00:38:02,000 --> 00:38:05,679 regardless of who you are, should be discharged. I mean, 588 00:38:05,840 --> 00:38:08,320 as long as there are people who are willing to 589 00:38:08,400 --> 00:38:12,679 take care of you. Maggio believes in the concept of 590 00:38:12,760 --> 00:38:16,719 releasing terminally ill and aging prisoners on medical furloughs, so 591 00:38:16,840 --> 00:38:19,880 long as there's someone to release them too, who's willing 592 00:38:19,960 --> 00:38:23,400 to take care of them. But He also pointed out 593 00:38:23,800 --> 00:38:26,400 it all depends on the man. If an eighty year 594 00:38:26,400 --> 00:38:29,239 old man killed someone and came up here, we can't 595 00:38:29,360 --> 00:38:31,920 very well ship him right back into the community the 596 00:38:31,960 --> 00:38:36,119 next day. The community and the judge obviously won him 597 00:38:36,119 --> 00:38:39,039 in prison, which is the reason why they shipped him 598 00:38:39,039 --> 00:38:42,199 to us in the first place, so they wouldn't appreciate 599 00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:44,880 us shipping him right back the next day because of 600 00:38:44,920 --> 00:38:48,320 his age. Hell, I don't know how you would address 601 00:38:48,480 --> 00:38:52,320 a case like that. Maggio has recommended inmates for medical 602 00:38:52,400 --> 00:38:55,760 furloughs in the past, and if when the medical department 603 00:38:55,880 --> 00:38:59,320 recommends a terminally ill case to me for medical furloughs, 604 00:38:59,360 --> 00:39:02,440 he said, I recommend it to the Department of Corrections 605 00:39:02,480 --> 00:39:06,079 and they take it from there. Folgram is one of 606 00:39:06,079 --> 00:39:10,679 the more fortunate elderly prisoners. He knows it. I've got everything, 607 00:39:10,760 --> 00:39:13,679 he says, I'm one of the lucky ones. Ailing and 608 00:39:13,880 --> 00:39:18,039 elderly inmates are a fast growing problem. They constitute a 609 00:39:18,039 --> 00:39:23,159 class of prisoners with odd needs. Many, if not most, 610 00:39:23,440 --> 00:39:26,960 of them require special attention and medical care in a 611 00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:30,280 slower pace of life than the rest of the prisoner population. 612 00:39:30,840 --> 00:39:34,400 Most are unable to work, and they are more prone 613 00:39:34,480 --> 00:39:38,159 to depression and suicide than any other group. Yet in 614 00:39:38,280 --> 00:39:41,440 most prisons there are no special programs to deal with 615 00:39:41,480 --> 00:39:46,599 the age. They simply vegetate in prison. There are notable exceptions. 616 00:39:46,840 --> 00:39:50,920 Some prison systems provide special accommodations for the age denailing. 617 00:39:51,320 --> 00:39:55,679 The federal prison system operates two minimum security prisons solely 618 00:39:55,679 --> 00:39:59,679 to house its ailing and elderly prisoners. The state of 619 00:39:59,719 --> 00:40:02,559 cal Nia has a similar one hundred and fifty million 620 00:40:02,639 --> 00:40:06,639 facility in Chino, where elderly prisoners are permitted to live 621 00:40:06,679 --> 00:40:09,440 at a slower pace, away from the stress field and 622 00:40:09,559 --> 00:40:13,440 violent worlds of other prisoners. Louisiana is in the process 623 00:40:13,519 --> 00:40:16,920 of addressing what should be done with old sick prisoners. 624 00:40:17,280 --> 00:40:20,760 Upon assuming office several months ago, Governor Edwin Edwards, and 625 00:40:20,800 --> 00:40:23,400 it's important y'all to mention this was written back when 626 00:40:23,559 --> 00:40:27,000 Edwin Edwards was in office. Governor Edwin Edwards appointed a 627 00:40:27,079 --> 00:40:32,000 Forgotten Man Committee to study the prison system and recommend reforms. 628 00:40:32,480 --> 00:40:37,199 Correction Secretary s Paul Phelps is fond of pointing out 629 00:40:37,199 --> 00:40:39,639 that if the state doesn't do something about them, the 630 00:40:39,679 --> 00:40:43,519 Department of Corrections will soon be operating the largest old 631 00:40:43,559 --> 00:40:47,280 folks home in the state. While prisoners generally fear the 632 00:40:47,360 --> 00:40:50,440 prospect of dying in prisons, few of those who do 633 00:40:50,639 --> 00:40:54,800 actually end up buried here. Most are retrieved by relatives. 634 00:40:55,559 --> 00:40:58,719 Only eight prisoners have been buried at Point Lookout during 635 00:40:58,760 --> 00:41:01,920 the past five years. A study of five of them, 636 00:41:01,960 --> 00:41:05,480 selected at random, reveal a pattern. What we're looking at 637 00:41:05,519 --> 00:41:09,000 are individuals with low education levels who were born and 638 00:41:09,119 --> 00:41:13,159 raised outside of Louisiana and whose family lives outside of 639 00:41:13,199 --> 00:41:16,599 the state. Grusham said they were individuals who had been 640 00:41:16,679 --> 00:41:21,119 constantly conflicting with the law and spent considerable amounts of 641 00:41:21,119 --> 00:41:24,800 time in jails and prisons away from their families throughout 642 00:41:24,840 --> 00:41:28,599 their lives. And that's important because individuals who are in 643 00:41:28,679 --> 00:41:31,639 constant trouble are less likely to be able to maintain 644 00:41:31,679 --> 00:41:35,840 a close family tie throughout long periods of separation. And 645 00:41:35,880 --> 00:41:38,639 it appears that this is what happened in their cases 646 00:41:38,920 --> 00:41:42,960 because they have families, so there was an evident deterioration 647 00:41:43,119 --> 00:41:46,800 of family ties. In addition, they were all either single 648 00:41:46,960 --> 00:41:50,760 or divorced, which means no immediate family ties, and they 649 00:41:50,760 --> 00:41:54,679 had no visits. Now, when you put all these factors together, 650 00:41:55,039 --> 00:41:58,679 the accumulative effect is that it appears these people had 651 00:41:58,800 --> 00:42:03,280 earlier in their lives lost initial closeness with other family members. 652 00:42:03,719 --> 00:42:06,400 While the families of two of the inmates refused to 653 00:42:06,400 --> 00:42:09,519 claim their bodies, grush And pointed out the families of 654 00:42:09,559 --> 00:42:12,280 the other three men were unable to claim bodies because 655 00:42:12,320 --> 00:42:16,360 of financial difficulties. They wanted very much to claim the bodies, 656 00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:19,119 and bear was delayed in a couple of cases to 657 00:42:19,159 --> 00:42:21,559 give families more time to try and work out some 658 00:42:21,679 --> 00:42:25,239 of the financial arrangements. In fact, some of the family 659 00:42:25,239 --> 00:42:28,119 members came to the prison for one of the funerals. 660 00:42:28,400 --> 00:42:32,760 You have to understand the background that prisoners primarily come from. 661 00:42:33,199 --> 00:42:36,320 That for me and golis chaplain Gary Penton, who explained 662 00:42:36,880 --> 00:42:40,280 they generally come from poor families, people already caught up 663 00:42:40,320 --> 00:42:42,679 in the trauma of life, and people who don't have 664 00:42:42,880 --> 00:42:46,159 much don't expect to have much. They do well to 665 00:42:46,239 --> 00:42:49,079 keep the car running, for instance, just to go to 666 00:42:49,119 --> 00:42:51,840 work if they got to work to go to and 667 00:42:51,920 --> 00:42:55,159 it's a very real hassle just keeping their own life together. 668 00:42:56,119 --> 00:42:58,920 Then they may live out of state, and in the 669 00:42:58,960 --> 00:43:02,199 case of crips, then you suddenly thrust upon them the 670 00:43:02,280 --> 00:43:06,119 expense of having a body shipped prepare for burial and 671 00:43:06,280 --> 00:43:09,639 the general cost of dying, which is pretty high. They 672 00:43:09,639 --> 00:43:13,440 can't handle it, especially if they're ailing in elderly people 673 00:43:13,519 --> 00:43:17,199 living on fixed incomes crips having to be buried here 674 00:43:17,480 --> 00:43:20,159 is a good example of that. There are always going 675 00:43:20,199 --> 00:43:22,559 to be those men who don't have anybody in their 676 00:43:22,599 --> 00:43:27,159 lives anywhere, Pitton pointed out. And it's not a case 677 00:43:27,199 --> 00:43:31,119 of rejection, but simply not belonging. They've been here for 678 00:43:31,159 --> 00:43:33,719 so long that their folks have all died, and what 679 00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:38,159 other family ties they might have had simply disintegrate with 680 00:43:38,280 --> 00:43:41,360 the passage of time. They're being locked away from them 681 00:43:41,400 --> 00:43:45,599 for so long. Just the natural growing away from each 682 00:43:45,599 --> 00:43:50,320 other when people are apart, it's a natural process. When 683 00:43:50,320 --> 00:43:52,960 I was in the military, Pitton continued, I had to 684 00:43:52,960 --> 00:43:56,039 spend a year on a remote radar site off the 685 00:43:56,039 --> 00:44:00,840 coast of Alaska covering chaplain duties. When I returned home 686 00:44:00,880 --> 00:44:04,440 after one year, my wife and I had to get reacquainted. 687 00:44:05,480 --> 00:44:09,440 We'd sort of grown apart. She had taken on out 688 00:44:09,480 --> 00:44:12,559 of responsibilities and learned to function on her own during 689 00:44:12,599 --> 00:44:14,920 my absence, and I had to kind of wiggle back 690 00:44:15,000 --> 00:44:19,480 into her life when I returned. When a person copes 691 00:44:19,559 --> 00:44:22,880 without someone for so long, it becomes somewhat difficult for 692 00:44:22,920 --> 00:44:25,559 them to make a spot for them in their life again, 693 00:44:25,960 --> 00:44:29,559 especially when they've become involved with life and their burden 694 00:44:29,679 --> 00:44:34,400 with so many other responsibilities and demands, you simply grow apart. 695 00:44:34,719 --> 00:44:37,159 And Two, if you're the kind of person who has 696 00:44:37,199 --> 00:44:39,400 been in and out of trouble and in and out 697 00:44:39,400 --> 00:44:42,480 of jails and prisons throughout your life, you don't have 698 00:44:42,639 --> 00:44:45,840 the time and the opportunity to develop those close and 699 00:44:45,960 --> 00:44:49,920 lasting relationships to begin with. Grusham pointed out a lot 700 00:44:49,920 --> 00:44:53,719 of family relationships of people in prison were already strained 701 00:44:53,719 --> 00:44:57,480 and shattered or even broken before they came to prison. 702 00:44:57,880 --> 00:45:01,519 That's one of the factors in your ultimate having no belongings, 703 00:45:01,559 --> 00:45:04,920 having nobody to really encourage you, nobody to frown at you, 704 00:45:05,039 --> 00:45:09,079 so to speak, because they love you, care about what 705 00:45:09,159 --> 00:45:13,239 happens to you. When you add the natural disintegration of 706 00:45:13,400 --> 00:45:17,800 relationships that go with long confinement, it just goes down 707 00:45:17,960 --> 00:45:22,639 the drain completely. The same thing happens in marital relationships 708 00:45:22,679 --> 00:45:25,679 of people in prison. It's just that the evidence of 709 00:45:25,719 --> 00:45:29,760 that natural disintegration in this instance is an unclaimed body. 710 00:45:30,199 --> 00:45:34,079 The other is divorce. The fact of death doesn't change 711 00:45:34,079 --> 00:45:38,440 what has already taken place. I think that it probably 712 00:45:38,480 --> 00:45:42,599 insinuates the dread that a man has. He already knows 713 00:45:42,639 --> 00:45:47,199 that there are tenuous ties. Pitton, a former Air Force chaplain, 714 00:45:47,239 --> 00:45:51,119 has been a chaplain in Gola for five years. The 715 00:45:51,119 --> 00:45:54,880 burial of Creps was his first prison funeral, an experience 716 00:45:54,920 --> 00:45:58,079 he cites as his saddest since he's been at the prison. 717 00:45:58,760 --> 00:46:02,119 The fact of death is no major fear or dread 718 00:46:02,320 --> 00:46:05,000 or terror for me, he said, That's a natural part 719 00:46:05,039 --> 00:46:08,800 of life. But the death where there is nobody to 720 00:46:08,880 --> 00:46:12,960 love you, to mourn your passing, no tears, that's sad. 721 00:46:14,320 --> 00:46:16,760 Standing at the head of his grave, I found myself 722 00:46:16,840 --> 00:46:20,559 identifying with him and those gathered around. I can relate 723 00:46:20,639 --> 00:46:24,280 to the pain the fear a man who is as 724 00:46:24,360 --> 00:46:26,760 much a family man as I, A man who feels 725 00:46:26,840 --> 00:46:30,119 the need for human warth and belonging, I can appreciate 726 00:46:30,199 --> 00:46:34,199 the value of a family relationship. He and his non 727 00:46:34,280 --> 00:46:39,079 belonging represent the fear of not only the inmates, but 728 00:46:39,119 --> 00:46:42,880 that of every human being, a being alone in life. 729 00:46:42,920 --> 00:46:47,480 It's a very human fear. It's just that with the 730 00:46:47,519 --> 00:46:51,400 inmate it's worse more intense because he doesn't have much 731 00:46:51,480 --> 00:46:55,320 control over his life and his being. Life in prison 732 00:46:55,440 --> 00:46:59,519 is much more intense. When you're excited, you're really excited, 733 00:46:59,800 --> 00:47:05,280 and you're depressed, you're really depressed, and your fears are 734 00:47:05,440 --> 00:47:08,920 very very real to you. Whether they're real or not, 735 00:47:10,079 --> 00:47:15,800 they run that much deeper. Oh, I understand their fear. 736 00:47:16,599 --> 00:47:19,519 And then in the postcript, it said on the morning 737 00:47:19,599 --> 00:47:23,039 of May thirty first, nineteen eighty four, two weeks after 738 00:47:23,079 --> 00:47:27,239 being interviewed, Roy Folgram was informed by prison officials that 739 00:47:27,320 --> 00:47:30,280 he had been granted a medical furlough to his family, 740 00:47:30,440 --> 00:47:34,760 effective June first. On the same day, Edmund Ruffing, a 741 00:47:34,800 --> 00:47:38,360 seventy two year old resident of Angola's Old Folks Ward 742 00:47:38,559 --> 00:47:41,880 serving a life sentence for murder, was buried at Point Lookout. 743 00:47:42,760 --> 00:47:46,519 A first defender, he had no family and never received 744 00:47:46,519 --> 00:47:51,280 a visitor during his seventeen years of confinement. Folgram died 745 00:47:51,480 --> 00:47:54,719 on December twenty ninth, nineteen ninety at the home of 746 00:47:54,760 --> 00:47:59,559 his sister. Following publication of dying in prison, which is 747 00:47:59,719 --> 00:48:04,400 what I just Reggie warden Ross, Maggia ordered assistant Roger 748 00:48:04,519 --> 00:48:07,880 Thomas to research old prison records in the state archives 749 00:48:07,920 --> 00:48:12,159 and determine the identity of every person buried at Point Lookout. 750 00:48:12,440 --> 00:48:15,880 As a result of Thomas's efforts, names were placed on 751 00:48:16,079 --> 00:48:19,199 every tombstone in the cemetery. 752 00:48:20,320 --> 00:48:20,639 Speaker 1: Wow. 753 00:48:20,719 --> 00:48:23,920 Speaker 3: What an article that was written in June of nineteen 754 00:48:24,000 --> 00:48:29,400 eighty four by Wilbert Rido. And the reason that I 755 00:48:29,440 --> 00:48:31,719 didn't break that down for you and I just read 756 00:48:31,760 --> 00:48:33,920 straight from it is there is no one on God's 757 00:48:33,920 --> 00:48:36,639 green Earth that can say it better than that, especially me, 758 00:48:37,599 --> 00:48:40,760 And I felt like that's what you needed to hear. 759 00:48:40,840 --> 00:48:45,519 That was strong. That was one hell of an article, 760 00:48:45,920 --> 00:48:50,679 So thank you for listening again. Obviously, know what are 761 00:48:50,679 --> 00:48:53,360 you Everton? This week, last couple of weeks have been 762 00:48:53,360 --> 00:48:57,039 a struggle for both of us to line our schedules up. 763 00:48:57,039 --> 00:48:59,400 He's got some big things coming up with Real Life, 764 00:48:59,400 --> 00:49:02,400 Real Crime Original and that series he's been kind of 765 00:49:02,480 --> 00:49:06,679 teasing that's going to be starting in November, and I've 766 00:49:06,679 --> 00:49:09,360 got some things coming up as well. That lining up 767 00:49:09,400 --> 00:49:12,320 those schedules is really difficult. Look, I'm here every day 768 00:49:12,360 --> 00:49:14,719 in the studio. It's a lot easier for me to 769 00:49:14,880 --> 00:49:18,480 just jump behind here and bring you all something, And 770 00:49:18,519 --> 00:49:21,719 that's what I did today. I hope you enjoyed it. Wow, 771 00:49:21,800 --> 00:49:27,800 what a writer Wilbert Rito is. And that is Bloody 772 00:49:27,840 --> 00:49:30,400 Angla for this week and until next time. For what 773 00:49:30,480 --> 00:49:33,039 do you Everton? I am Jim Chapman, your host of 774 00:49:33,159 --> 00:49:36,400 Bloody Angola, a podcast one hundred and forty two years 775 00:49:36,400 --> 00:49:40,320 in the making, the complete story of America's bloodiest present. 776 00:49:41,159 --> 00:50:04,960 Speaker 1: Peace on the street, line, shackle change. 777 00:50:04,760 --> 00:50:12,360 Speaker 2: Oh gluesome Gurdi, it's calling my name. There is no 778 00:50:12,719 --> 00:50:19,559 mercy and this being a tentery juice as the huge 779 00:50:19,599 --> 00:50:25,880 stream game Rango the three. I'm here but. 780 00:50:28,360 --> 00:50:30,159 Speaker 3: By here to die. 781 00:50:31,800 --> 00:50:41,760 Speaker 2: Inside these wars, inside the wild and when the girls 782 00:50:41,960 --> 00:50:43,159 I know, it's so. 783 00:50:48,559 --> 00:50:48,960 Speaker 1: Bloody. 784 00:50:49,320 --> 00:50:56,760 Speaker 2: Anglebody, Angle 785 00:51:02,159 --> 00:51:09,719 Speaker 3: The Baad