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Speaker 1: Not. Today, we're going to be looking at individualism versus collectivism.

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Individualistic cultures prioritize autonomy, personal achievement, and self expression, while

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collectivistic cultures emphasize interdependence, social harmony, and group obligations. These

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orientations influence thinking, emotion, regulation, motivation, attribution, communication, and identity,

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and you, as a clinician have to adapt to treatment

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to fit the client's cultural worldview. If you're in the US,

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it's become pretty diverse now in certain states, if you're

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in California, it's pretty diverse in certain areas like Los Angeles,

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San Diego. So it's really important to understand the difference

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between individualism and collectivism. Cultures are not monolithic, and either

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are people. It really matters whether they're first generation second generation.

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That's going to give us a lot of insight. So

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let's look at some of these topics a little closer.

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So individualism, again is the self as autonomous. This is

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found in the US, parts of the US at least,

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is the main ideas in the US as well as Canada,

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Germany and other countries. Individual individualism emphasizes personal goals over

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group goals, self reliance and independence, identity, defined by internal

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traits and not the group role. So success is personal,

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failure is personal, and people are encouraged to be yourself,

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stand out and speak your truth. Collectivism, though, is the

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self is interconnected, and this has seen a lot and

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it's still at East Asian countries, Latin American, African, and

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Middle Eastern cultures. Collectivism focuses on family or group roles

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above personal desires. Obligations to the group, especially family elders

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or community identities tied to roles and relationships and not

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to internal traits. You'll look at duty and social cohesion

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that are prioritized, and even the harmony in the family.

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The goal is not self expression but appropriate expression. This

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is really important because we are seeing a lot of

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rational differences people going coming from countries from East Asia

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or Middle East coming to the US, for instance, and Canada.

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I've heard clients can talk about it too, and the

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children are more into the individualistic mindset while the parents

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are in the collectivistic mindset, and this causes a lot

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of conflict in the family. Switching over, we go to

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cognitive style analytic versus holistic. Analytic thinking is common in

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individualistic cultures focuses on objects in isolation, categoryical reasoning, and

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linear logic, so you can think here a lot of

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the Greek philosophy and we as Western students describing a

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fish tank focuses on the fish itself, at goldfish moving fast,

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while in collectivistic or holistic thinking and collectivistic cultures, a

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lot of times what they're looking at look at the

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goldfish swimming near a rock with other fish, so they

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emphasize context and relationships and field dependence. These styles influence

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clinical interpretation, so Western clients may ice latest symptom that

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I get hungry, I get hungry, I'm hungry, I get angry,

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while collectivistic clients will frame it differently. They'll look at

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when I disappoint my mother, I feel tension, So it's

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the relationship and how that is interacting. Emotion expression is

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also different. In individualistic cultures, they promote expressing emotion to

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a certain needs or authenticity authenticity like I felt disrespected,

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so I spoke up. In collectivistic cultures, restraint is a

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sign of maturity, not repression. Direct expressions of anger may

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be seen as disruptive or selfish. Even therapist should not

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mislabel emotional control of suppression or pathological, it just may

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reflect adaptive cultural behavior. In addition, is motivation. Self enhancement

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for individualism focuses on strength, uniqueness, and success, and therapists

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can Therapy can boost confidence and reframe failure and the

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collectivistic mindset. Though it's self improvement focusing on reducing shortcomings

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and improving relationships to others. A client may not want

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to praise, but see constructive feedback instead that helps them

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better fulfill group roles. Attributions is also important, so dispositional

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versus situational individualistic orientation. People tend to explain behavior based

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on internal traits. In other words, if somebody doesn't do

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well or isn't doing something, they may blame the person

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as being he failed or she failed because they're lazy.

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This is known as the fundamental attribution area, underestimating situational

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context and making it more dispositional an attribute. Collectivistic mindset's

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a little different. She failed because she's under family pressure.

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Right now, there's that relationship dynamic again. Therapist should avoid

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pathologizing what maybe contextual distress and listen for relational causality

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in their clients. It's really an important way to think

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When you're a therapist, communication style direct communication, individualism, say

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what you mean, assertiveness is value, while in collect community

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messages in tone, context or implication, speaking plainly may be

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viewed as disrespectful or confrontational. Others may say speaking plainly

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in reality as being more diplomatic. Language can be complicated.

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Silence may also convey respect, thoughtfulness of dissent, and therapy

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direct questioning may need to be softened. Clients may respond

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with deference and that agreement. So you have to understand

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how your client views communication self concept independent versus interdependent

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Independent self is traits, choices, and identity. I'm creative, ambitious,

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and logical. Interdependent self for collectivism as roles, relationships, and

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social position, I'm a daughter or a team member and

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a friend. Identity changes beyond a therapy that assumes the

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client is bounded autonomous self may clash for clients who

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understand themselves through relationships and obligations. So understand where you

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stand and where they stand within culture variation. But not

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all members of a culture hold the same value is.

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This is why it's so important to get really good

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detailed information about your client. How do they view the

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culture they're in the culture their family was in, how

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do they view it, Because just because you're from East Asia,

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there's a different a lot of different countries in East

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Asia and the people in for instance, in Japan, well,

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there's a difference between people in cities compared to rural areas,

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people in different social economic classes. Gender roles will play

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a role, which religions that they adhere to in the family,

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generational statuses, There's a lot of factors. So within those

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culture within culture variation is extremely important. Just because they

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come from some of these collectivistic cultures and you're in

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the individualistic culture, you don't't automatically assume that they adhere

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to all the collectivistic mindset and may be very different,

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So definitely pay attention to that. A second generation Asian

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American client may oscillate between a collectivistic family norm and

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an individualistic cure value, creating internal conflict and identity tension.

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So recognizing by cultural navigation as part of culturally competent

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care again therapeutic alliance is going to be important building trust.

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Clients from collectivists backgrounds may initially defer to the therapist's authority,

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so you need to ask decisions are how our decisions

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are made in their family. Collaborative or autonomous treatment goals

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focus on self actualization boundaries, setting our emotional expression for

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individualistic ones. For clients that are collectivistic, look at role clarity,

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relational repair, or coping with duty based stress, stress, family

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dynamics and collectivistic cultures. Families often central to identity. Interventions

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must include or consider family influence. While Western models of

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individuation may feel threatening and not empowering culturally based value conflicts.

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Clients taught between cultures may struggle with a culturative stress,

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intergenerational tension, or dual identity conflict. For instance, a client

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wants to pursue art, their immigrant family expects a medical career.

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Therapy may focus on integration and not separation. Next time,

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we look at multicultural and cross cultural issues in psychological assessments,

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so stay tuned for the next one.