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<v Speaker 1>Welcome this Tuesday afternoon at the Tri States Baseball kicks

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<v Speaker 1>off tonight about six oh five with Lance mcgallis of

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<v Speaker 1>the Reds. In the last ten games are the best

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<v Speaker 1>record in the Central Division in baseball. The Twinkies are

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<v Speaker 1>in town for three. Then we'll see what happens there

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<v Speaker 1>is the Reds drive toward the All Star breaking more

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<v Speaker 1>plus later on today at two oh five, it is

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<v Speaker 1>alleged that Prosecutor County Pillage is going to hold a

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<v Speaker 1>news conference to determine whether or not there should be

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<v Speaker 1>criminal charges and the shooting of Ryan Hinton, that eighteen

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<v Speaker 1>year old boy who was shot having stolen a vehicle

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<v Speaker 1>and had a gun in his hand, ran away. There's

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<v Speaker 1>speculation whether the prosecutor's office here in Hamlet County will

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<v Speaker 1>indict or not. And now that's going to be announced

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<v Speaker 1>sometime after two o'clock today. We're going to cover it

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<v Speaker 1>for you live, I believe, according to Tony benderho's putting

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<v Speaker 1>his qualifications and credibility on the line saying we will

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<v Speaker 1>broadcast it live sometime after two o'clock as it begins.

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<v Speaker 1>But until then, there's more important matters, which are cicadas.

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<v Speaker 1>Cicadas and cicadas, And I think we all can agree

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<v Speaker 1>world to recognize renowned expert on cicadas's professor gen Kritsky,

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<v Speaker 1>recently retired from Mount Saint Joe, who's written at least

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<v Speaker 1>five books on the subject, and where do they come from?

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<v Speaker 1>Why are they here? Et cetera. Professor Kritsky, welcome again

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<v Speaker 1>to the Bill Cunningham Show. And first of all, Professor,

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<v Speaker 1>how many years have you spent studying cicadas?

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<v Speaker 2>Oh, I'm at fifty one years though.

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<v Speaker 1>How many books have you written on the subject of cicadas.

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<v Speaker 2>I've written five books on them, I have another one planned,

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<v Speaker 2>and I've written probably about a dozen research publications. And

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<v Speaker 2>you and I have been talking about cicadas for thirty

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<v Speaker 2>eight years.

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<v Speaker 1>Now, Well, do we have time to do it in

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<v Speaker 1>seventeen years from now? What do you think I'm going

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<v Speaker 1>to try? I'll try to then, thirty eight years ago

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<v Speaker 1>we started with cicadas. At that point, once you're at

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<v Speaker 1>Mount Saint Joe, Am I correct about that?

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<v Speaker 2>I was? I I working on that interview in the studio.

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<v Speaker 1>That's so we don't do that much anymore. But that's

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<v Speaker 1>a different issue. Professor Krisky, tell me what is the cicada. Basically,

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<v Speaker 1>what is the cicada? And then we'll get onto more

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<v Speaker 1>particular issues. What is a cicada?

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<v Speaker 2>Well, we're talking about the periodical cicadas. The cicadas are

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<v Speaker 2>insects BLO. They're belonging to They're like true bugs. They

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<v Speaker 2>have a sucking mouth part. They're related to aphids and

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<v Speaker 2>stink bugs. But the periodical skaters, the ones that we're

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<v Speaker 2>talking about this morning, are these strangers like that have

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<v Speaker 2>these very long life cycles. And what we're seeing right

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<v Speaker 2>now is brood fourteen. It's a seventeen year cicada. And

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<v Speaker 2>the last time I visited Cincinnati was in two thousand

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<v Speaker 2>and eight.

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<v Speaker 1>How many different broods are there? Because every now and

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<v Speaker 1>then you get a little bit of minor eruptions. Right

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<v Speaker 1>now there's a major one kind of dying out at

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<v Speaker 1>this point. How many different broods are there?

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<v Speaker 2>There are fifteen different broods, twelve different broods of seventeen

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<v Speaker 2>year skatus and three thirteen year broods. That's the exciting

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<v Speaker 2>thing the I discovered in part because if your help

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<v Speaker 2>helping us get the word out there, we have a

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<v Speaker 2>thirteen year cicada in Ohio. It's brewed twenty two, and

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<v Speaker 2>it'll emerge in twenty twenty seven.

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<v Speaker 1>So in twenty twenty seven we may do this again.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, it's going to be mostly in Brown and Claremont

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<v Speaker 2>County in Ohio and then ten counties in northern Kentucky.

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<v Speaker 2>But yeah, I'm looking forward to it.

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<v Speaker 1>Why do cicadas exist? What is the purpose? What is

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<v Speaker 1>the purpose of life? The purpose of cicada life? Why

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<v Speaker 1>do they exist?

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<v Speaker 2>Well, the purpose of just life in general is to reproduce,

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<v Speaker 2>But for periodical scad is they do a lot of

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<v Speaker 2>good for the ecosystem. For example, when the nymphs come

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<v Speaker 2>out of the ground those holes. Those holes persist until

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<v Speaker 2>December and January, and during the hot summer when the

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<v Speaker 2>ground gets really hard and a range that rain water

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<v Speaker 2>goes down those holes and helps water the trees. When

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<v Speaker 2>the adults come out and start flying around their food

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<v Speaker 2>for all sorts of opportunity predators, that allows their populations

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<v Speaker 2>to rebound. When the females lay their eggs in the

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<v Speaker 2>terminal growth of trees, it causes them time sometimes that

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<v Speaker 2>branch to break. We call it flagging, and that's like

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<v Speaker 2>a natural pruning. So it looks ugly this year, but

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<v Speaker 2>next year there'll be a bigger flower set on those

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<v Speaker 2>trees that had that davage. And then finally, when that's

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<v Speaker 2>all done, both the males and the females die and

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<v Speaker 2>their carcasses collect the base of trees. Let's got a

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<v Speaker 2>little bit of dew and rain in June and July

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<v Speaker 2>and August. Then they'll start to decay and rot. And

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<v Speaker 2>that is a scent memory. However, all that smells because

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<v Speaker 2>they're decaying and all those nutrients from their carcasses are

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<v Speaker 2>going around the trees where the carcasses gathered to nurture

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<v Speaker 2>that tree for the next seventeen years.

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<v Speaker 1>Are they harmful to human beings in any way?

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<v Speaker 2>No, they're not. They I don't bite, they don't sting,

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<v Speaker 2>they don't carry disease. They won't even carry away small children.

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<v Speaker 1>Tom brennanman likes to eat cicadas. I didn't know this

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<v Speaker 1>till recently, but Tom told me he goes out in

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<v Speaker 1>his yard and marry Mont often picking up a handful

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<v Speaker 1>with cicadas at nine and starts eating them. Is that

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<v Speaker 1>a good idea?

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<v Speaker 2>Probably not, because multi for humans eat cicadas, it's more

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<v Speaker 2>of a of a of a bad They're not a

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<v Speaker 2>sustainable food source, so you can't have one meal once

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<v Speaker 2>every seventeen years. But what we're seeing, especially in Merrimont

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<v Speaker 2>in other areas, is the amount of trees where they're

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<v Speaker 2>reproducing us is being declined, has declined. So back for example,

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<v Speaker 2>that that median strip of Marmont where they removed all

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<v Speaker 2>those trees in two thousand and eight, replaced two thousand ten,

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<v Speaker 2>excuse me, and replaced them with the valves. The cicadas

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<v Speaker 2>didn't merge there this year, but not in the numbers

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<v Speaker 2>they did back in two thousand and eight. So what

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<v Speaker 2>they are telling us looking at the distribution that we're

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<v Speaker 2>germing with Cicada savari is the impact of deforestation urban

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<v Speaker 2>development on cicada populations. That sort of gives us a

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<v Speaker 2>little temperature of what we're doing to our own urban environment.

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<v Speaker 1>Professor Kritzko, are you saying it's like a genocide against

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<v Speaker 1>the cicad when you cut down trees? Because I belong

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<v Speaker 1>to Kenwic Country Club. We've cut down five hundred trees,

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<v Speaker 1>magnificent oak and elm and other trees. Is Chemic country

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<v Speaker 1>Club kind of committing a genocide against the cicadas?

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<v Speaker 2>Well, as long as our more cicadas than than the

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<v Speaker 2>mile of those trees. They will disperse back in not necessarily.

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<v Speaker 2>It might take fifty one years for them to get

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<v Speaker 2>back to the same population size that they can disperse

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<v Speaker 2>and fly about a mile per emergence.

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<v Speaker 1>When does cicadas begin? When to their life cycle? It

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<v Speaker 1>was in the eighteenth century that the birth of the

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<v Speaker 1>christ When did cicadas first emerge?

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<v Speaker 2>But we know from DNA studies that the genus Magines Cicada,

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<v Speaker 2>which is our the periodical scatus, goes back at least

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<v Speaker 2>three point ninety five million years and then two and

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<v Speaker 2>a half million years ago the large species suffering into

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<v Speaker 2>the small speci, so you have two species dead and

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<v Speaker 2>then half a million years ago the small species species against.

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<v Speaker 2>So there's now three distinct species of seventeen year cicadas.

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<v Speaker 2>So they go back by the bit that the broods

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<v Speaker 2>what we're talking about now, they all originated since the

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<v Speaker 2>last ice.

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<v Speaker 1>Age, which was about ten thousand years ago.

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<v Speaker 2>About twenty thousand years ago, the ice sheet was just

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<v Speaker 2>north of Tri County Mall. So it's been in the

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<v Speaker 2>last twenty thousand years that they moved north into the

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<v Speaker 2>areas where the ice ice sheet was, and as they

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<v Speaker 2>were doing that, that's when they were going to these

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<v Speaker 2>usual accelerations and what have you. And that formed all

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<v Speaker 2>the broods that we see today. You know.

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<v Speaker 1>And Tony Bender spends a lot of time in the

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<v Speaker 1>Tri County Mall, which is now closed. He's crying out

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<v Speaker 1>in front almost every day. But if he would have

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<v Speaker 1>been there about twenty thousand years ago and the ice

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<v Speaker 1>flow the glacier came from the north Pole and stopped

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<v Speaker 1>around Try County Mall, if it was at the edge

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<v Speaker 1>of the Tri County Mall and looked up, how high

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<v Speaker 1>was that ice flow? How high was that glacier?

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<v Speaker 2>I don't recall the actual number offhand, but it was noticeable.

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<v Speaker 2>It wasn't like a little skim of ice. It was

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<v Speaker 2>several meters.

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<v Speaker 1>And that's why did it stop there? Why didn't it

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<v Speaker 1>keep going all the way to the High River. It

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<v Speaker 1>did stop, and that created the Great Lakes when it

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<v Speaker 1>when it receded. But why did it stop there?

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<v Speaker 2>We A lot of that has to do is just uh,

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<v Speaker 2>the overall temperatures that were going on and the tobography. Uh. Fortunately,

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<v Speaker 2>as it's where it stopped, and then I feel further

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<v Speaker 2>east in the in the Pennsylvania. It didn't stop as

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<v Speaker 2>far south, so it's all reads the local conditions. But

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<v Speaker 2>uh that uh uh that had a significant impact on

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<v Speaker 2>the evolution of cicadas. We were now based on the

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<v Speaker 2>what you see from uh ecological studies in genetic studies,

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<v Speaker 2>that warming trend after the ice Age, that that continental

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<v Speaker 2>warming that occurred actually enhanced the cicadas accelerating by four

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<v Speaker 2>years in these different gaps, and that's what created the

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<v Speaker 2>different broods.

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<v Speaker 1>So, Professor, as far as cicadas, they've been here a

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<v Speaker 1>long time before human beings are here, and they're going

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<v Speaker 1>to be here a long time after human beings are gone.

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<v Speaker 1>Is that correct?

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<v Speaker 2>Probably?

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<v Speaker 1>So, So the whole life is I get this trait.

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<v Speaker 1>The male and the female cicadas are like in the

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<v Speaker 1>ground beginning about three or four weeks ago, and when

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<v Speaker 1>the temperature gets their certain degrees, they say, every seventh

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<v Speaker 1>how did you know it's seventeen years this Brewe did

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<v Speaker 1>they ever miss it by a few years and you're

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<v Speaker 1>in the thirte seventeen years there's no clock.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, we discovered stragglers all the time. And one of

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<v Speaker 2>the things that we discovered media cicada safari is that

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<v Speaker 2>a lot of times. Well, for example, in two thousand

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<v Speaker 2>and twenty one, when brew teneburged here, in addition to

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<v Speaker 2>Brewed ten emerging, we had fourteen coming up four years early,

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<v Speaker 2>we had some, We had some early brewed thirteen cicadas,

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<v Speaker 2>we had some brewed nineteen. Scats are off cycle. And

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<v Speaker 2>now that we have the ability with smartphones and all

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<v Speaker 2>and tens of thousands of people's hands, we're getting some

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<v Speaker 2>information ut cicadas we never never even dreamed of before.

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<v Speaker 1>That's where the sixth book is coming on cicadas. But

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<v Speaker 1>if you're a normal cicada, believe me, there's derelics all

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<v Speaker 1>over the place. I see them all the time, in fact,

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<v Speaker 1>I work with some. But as soon I mean, you're

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<v Speaker 1>a regular cicada and you're on the ground for seventeen years,

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<v Speaker 1>how do you know it's time? How do you know

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<v Speaker 1>it's the seventeenth year?

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<v Speaker 2>Well, that's a part a subject of a paper which

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<v Speaker 2>I'm co author on that's currently in the press. But

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<v Speaker 2>it turns out they have they count to four and

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<v Speaker 2>when they after they count to four, they can then

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<v Speaker 2>molt again, and then they after they've done sixteen there's

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<v Speaker 2>one more year added on to that. And so for example,

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<v Speaker 2>and if we were to dig up cicadas in Mary

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<v Speaker 2>Mounts and Kenwood in that area and the deer last November,

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<v Speaker 2>we would have found cicadas in the ground with red

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<v Speaker 2>eyes as ice turned red the fall before they emerge.

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<v Speaker 2>And then so they seem to be able to count

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<v Speaker 2>these blocks four, but they don't always get that right either,

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<v Speaker 2>because I've been digging up these things almost every year

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<v Speaker 2>between emergencies, and they grow at different rates after they're eight.

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<v Speaker 2>After eight years in the ground, you might find two

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<v Speaker 2>to three different stages of life sidewise in the ground

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<v Speaker 2>on the same tree. And so there's a lot that

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<v Speaker 2>we have to still understand about cicadas. But that's all underground.

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<v Speaker 2>So that's a little heart of the study.

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<v Speaker 1>So these billions of cicadas are there, they wait for

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<v Speaker 1>they go through four molts. I'm not sure what a

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<v Speaker 1>mota is, four molts of four years each underground, and

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<v Speaker 1>then they add one year. Then it's time to erupt

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<v Speaker 1>and they come out. Tell me what I guess. There's

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<v Speaker 1>a male and a female cicada, right, yes, there are. There's

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<v Speaker 1>no like transgender cicadas nothing like.

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<v Speaker 2>That, not that we're aware of.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, so you got male and female and they come

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<v Speaker 1>out of the ground together and say it's time to

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<v Speaker 1>get it on. Is that Is that what happens?

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<v Speaker 2>That's pretty that's pretty much it. When they come out

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<v Speaker 2>of the ground there there with it's the last immature

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<v Speaker 2>stage and that's when they transformed to the adult. That

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<v Speaker 2>that day they come out of the ground, and they've

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<v Speaker 2>got about a month on the for the average cicada

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<v Speaker 2>to to do the business. We get we get ready

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<v Speaker 2>to reproduce for the next seventeen years. And so it

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<v Speaker 2>seems to us, you know, the the adults only above

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<v Speaker 2>ground on the average a month each unless they're eaten

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<v Speaker 2>by a predator, and it takes two weeks for them

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<v Speaker 2>all to come out of the ground. So that's a

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<v Speaker 2>six week window that we're seeing right now. And it's

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<v Speaker 2>it's all about sex.

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<v Speaker 1>Well I've said that before, but the male and the

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<v Speaker 1>female's like it's like they're in heat. They got to

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<v Speaker 1>get it on quickly because you've been in the third

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<v Speaker 1>for seventeen years kind of waiting for this moment to arise,

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<v Speaker 1>and so you're ready to go.

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<v Speaker 2>That's pretty much it. And the males gather in large

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<v Speaker 2>numbers in trees and they all start singing. They call

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<v Speaker 2>it a chorusing center. Females hear the singing, they fly

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<v Speaker 2>into the tree and one thing in the tree. Then

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<v Speaker 2>they'll respond to an individual male call and if they

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<v Speaker 2>are If the male's unsuccessful at getting the notice of

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<v Speaker 2>a female, he'll fly to another tree or another branch.

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<v Speaker 2>And if you are out an area with the cicada singing,

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<v Speaker 2>you'll notice it gets really loud, and then it drops.

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<v Speaker 2>The loudness drops a little bit, and then allow it again.

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<v Speaker 2>That when it drops, that's when the cicadas are flying

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<v Speaker 2>to another tree or another branch. The male cicatas because

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<v Speaker 2>they were unsuccessful attracted the attention of a female.

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<v Speaker 1>Am I going from bar to bar in Witnessville something

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<v Speaker 1>like that? Do you find the right female in the

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<v Speaker 1>right leather chaps?

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<v Speaker 2>That's that's kind of right. These coursing centers, like one

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<v Speaker 2>giant cicada singles bar.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, are they monogamous? Once you find your right cicada

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<v Speaker 1>with the right kind of configuration? Does the male and

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<v Speaker 1>female cicadas Marvin Gay, let's get it on. That's kind

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<v Speaker 1>of it? Or do they get a little bit polyamorous.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, it depends. We know that from a racial studies

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<v Speaker 2>that the typical male cicada will mate eighty five percent

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<v Speaker 2>of mate once, ten percentle mate twice, and five percent

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<v Speaker 2>of mate three times.

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<v Speaker 1>And like married men, something like that. And so the

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<v Speaker 1>great majority say, I got my woman. That's it. I

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<v Speaker 1>asked this question. Did they do it like dogs? How

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<v Speaker 1>do they do it?

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<v Speaker 2>Well? They actually it's called they. If you can see

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<v Speaker 2>this as the sidewalk in the trees right now, they

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<v Speaker 2>are they genitalia are at tips of the abdomen, and

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<v Speaker 2>so they often have found tail to tail as they're

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<v Speaker 2>doing the nasty.

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<v Speaker 1>All right, now, what the nasty is done? Then what happens?

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<v Speaker 1>Did they have a cigarette? Hold a glass of wine?

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<v Speaker 1>What do you do?

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<v Speaker 2>No? They After a few hours, few days, the female

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<v Speaker 2>will start to lay her eggs. The male's out of

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<v Speaker 2>the question. Now the female searches for the terminal end

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<v Speaker 2>of a tree branch where she'll lay her eggs. She

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<v Speaker 2>has them up on average on five hundred eggs to lay. Wow,

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<v Speaker 2>And she lays them in batches of twenty to forty

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<v Speaker 2>in about a oh maybe a quarter inch to a

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<v Speaker 2>half inch to slit in the tree. She's laid that block,

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<v Speaker 2>she walks about a few another quarter inch to whatever

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<v Speaker 2>pierces the branch and lays more eggs and doesn't. And

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<v Speaker 2>she does that until she either a runs out of

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<v Speaker 2>eggs or b runs out of branch, and then she

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<v Speaker 2>flies to another branch and continues the process until she

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<v Speaker 2>exhaust her egg supply.

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<v Speaker 1>What happens during the male what's the male during? During

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<v Speaker 1>this time? Getting with the guys, explaining what's going on?

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<v Speaker 1>What do the guys do? When the females laying the

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<v Speaker 1>eggs sit.

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<v Speaker 2>They they're sort of bubbling around and eventually they'll die.

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<v Speaker 1>That's the way life is anyway. So and at this point,

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<v Speaker 1>all right, we're at the end of the cycle. The

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<v Speaker 1>eggs are there, the female's done. What happens to the female.

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<v Speaker 2>After she lays her eggs she dies too.

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<v Speaker 1>Then what happens to the eggs.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, the eggs will hatch in six to ten weeks.

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<v Speaker 2>And when they hatch, they crawl out of the egg

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<v Speaker 2>nest in the branch and literally drop to the ground.

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<v Speaker 2>And as soon as they hit the ground, and I've

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<v Speaker 2>seen this many times, they get underground. Within thirty seconds,

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<v Speaker 2>the vast majority of them, because they are quite vulnerable

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<v Speaker 2>to spiders, ants and beetles, which have the feast they

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<v Speaker 2>could get to them, and so it's once underground, they'll

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<v Speaker 2>feed on grassroots for the next few weeks in the fall,

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<v Speaker 2>in the in the fall, and then by New Year's

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<v Speaker 2>Day they're eight to ten inches bowl of the ground,

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<v Speaker 2>sucking on the tree roots. And that's what will be

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<v Speaker 2>for the next seventeen here.

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<v Speaker 1>What kind of life is that? What kind of life

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<v Speaker 1>sucking on a tree route for seventeen years, waiting for

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<v Speaker 1>that moment to come? Well, professor jen Krisky, you're the

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<v Speaker 1>best there is. Have a title for your new book.

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<v Speaker 1>Come up with something yet.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, the current book that's out, it's called the Pillgrim's

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<v Speaker 2>Promise because the cicadas that are emerging this year were

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<v Speaker 2>first noticed by the Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony in sixteen

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<v Speaker 2>thirty four.

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<v Speaker 1>How about that? Well, no one knows more about it

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<v Speaker 1>than you. How do you pass on your knowledge? Has

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<v Speaker 1>got to be a professor Jean Chrisky to be here

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<v Speaker 1>for the rest of this century, maybe the next one.

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<v Speaker 1>Is there another Jen Kritsky?

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<v Speaker 2>I certainly hope. So there are a number of people

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<v Speaker 2>coming up in the working in entomology that I have

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<v Speaker 2>that had the interest. Even my wife Jesse's coordinating the

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<v Speaker 2>Idaturalist project. So we've got a lot of good people

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<v Speaker 2>following us along.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't want your information to die with you. May

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<v Speaker 1>you live long and prosper. Professor Jen Kritsky. We first

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<v Speaker 1>did this thirty eight years ago. Let's get together in

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<v Speaker 1>seventeen more years and see what happens.

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<v Speaker 2>Sounds like a plan. I'll be there.

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<v Speaker 1>God bless Jean Kritsky, Cicada King. Thank you once again.

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<v Speaker 1>Professor gen Kritzky, formerly a Mount Saint Joe, now retired

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<v Speaker 1>writing books on the sex life of a cicada. Let's

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<v Speaker 1>continue with more. Bill Cunningham Big announcement after two o'clock

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<v Speaker 1>and more coming up on news radio seven hundred ww