WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.040 --> 00:00:01.600 Today, I want to tell you about a journey that 2 00:00:01.600 --> 00:00:03.879 I've been on for most of my life. Ever since 3 00:00:03.919 --> 00:00:05.799 I was a kid, I've heard tales of bigfoot and 4 00:00:05.839 --> 00:00:08.320 wild men while spending time with my friends and family. 5 00:00:09.039 --> 00:00:11.439 As I grew older and read more about the paranormal, 6 00:00:11.599 --> 00:00:14.679 my interest in encryptids and other things strange only deepened. 7 00:00:15.240 --> 00:00:17.160 That's why I'm so excited to share with you what 8 00:00:17.199 --> 00:00:21.640 I've personally become involved with the Untold Radio Network. The 9 00:00:21.719 --> 00:00:25.280 Untold Radio Network is a live streaming podcast network that 10 00:00:25.359 --> 00:00:29.359 airs a new show every day across all podcast platforms, YouTube, 11 00:00:29.359 --> 00:00:32.119 and more. They have eight different shows on all sorts 12 00:00:32.159 --> 00:00:36.119 of exciting topics such as bigfoot, cryptids, UFOs, aliens, and 13 00:00:36.200 --> 00:00:39.479 much more. I even have my own show called Weird Encounters, 14 00:00:39.479 --> 00:00:42.439 where I talk about all things strange. This is more 15 00:00:42.479 --> 00:00:45.280 than just a podcast network. It's a community that allows 16 00:00:45.320 --> 00:00:47.759 me to meet so many amazing people who share their 17 00:00:47.799 --> 00:00:51.520 stories and experiences with strange. If you're interested in hearing 18 00:00:51.520 --> 00:00:53.880 more of these stories and learning more about the paranormal 19 00:00:53.960 --> 00:00:56.679 and encryptids, make sure you check out the Untold Radio 20 00:00:56.759 --> 00:01:00.600 Network for all kinds of exciting shows. It's free to subscribe. 21 00:01:00.679 --> 00:01:04.400 So what are you waiting for visit www dot untold 22 00:01:04.519 --> 00:01:06.560 radionetwork dot com today. 23 00:01:06.760 --> 00:01:09.680 Now, what are your reporting? I got a screen going 24 00:01:09.719 --> 00:01:12.120 on here. Something just kid with my dog, something to 25 00:01:12.200 --> 00:01:15.280 kill your dog? My dog. We're flying through there, over 26 00:01:15.319 --> 00:01:20.079 the tree. I don't know how it did it. Okay, damn, 27 00:01:20.159 --> 00:01:22.640 I'm really confused. All I saw was my dog coming 28 00:01:22.680 --> 00:01:24.480 over the fence and name was dead once you hit 29 00:01:24.519 --> 00:01:26.560 the grill. I didn't see any cars. All I saw 30 00:01:26.680 --> 00:01:45.120 was my dog coming over the fence. Sat, what are 31 00:01:45.120 --> 00:01:49.959 you reporting? We got some wonder or something crawling around 32 00:01:50.040 --> 00:01:58.640 out here? Did you see what it was? It was 33 00:01:59.359 --> 00:02:01.560 enough here. Look, I'm new to window now and I 34 00:02:01.560 --> 00:02:08.840 don't need anything. I don't want to go outside. Its fight. Hello, 35 00:02:10.439 --> 00:02:12.919 hit the buddy out here. Footquot on out there? It's 36 00:02:12.960 --> 00:02:15.639 thought of a bench about six foot nine. I don't know. 37 00:02:15.919 --> 00:02:18.280 Easy ann out there. Yeah, I'm working right heady. 38 00:02:19.199 --> 00:02:21.319 As most of you know. I've cast footprints here on 39 00:02:21.360 --> 00:02:23.840 the property in the past, and frankly, the set that 40 00:02:23.879 --> 00:02:26.360 I cast here on the property back in October of 41 00:02:26.439 --> 00:02:30.280 last year single handedly convinced me that there is sasquatch 42 00:02:30.319 --> 00:02:34.639 activity in the area. Footprint evidence, in general is some 43 00:02:34.719 --> 00:02:37.759 of the most compelling evidence that I feel points to 44 00:02:37.800 --> 00:02:41.479 the existence of a large bipedal hominoid of some sort 45 00:02:41.560 --> 00:02:45.280 here in North America. But the validity of such tracks 46 00:02:45.400 --> 00:02:48.599 and cast of those tracks has always been a bone 47 00:02:48.680 --> 00:02:51.879 of contention for most people in the bigfoot community. I 48 00:02:51.919 --> 00:02:54.879 want to talk about three sets of footprints in particular 49 00:02:54.919 --> 00:02:59.199 from June of nineteen eighty two in southeastern Washington State. 50 00:02:59.879 --> 00:03:02.759 I decided to talk about these in particular because of 51 00:03:03.199 --> 00:03:06.800 the prints themselves, as well as what appeared to be 52 00:03:07.000 --> 00:03:11.879 dramatoglyphics or dermal ridges that were captured in the prints themselves. 53 00:03:12.680 --> 00:03:15.159 In the interest of not wanting to reinvent the wheel here, 54 00:03:15.199 --> 00:03:17.960 I did some research and I found a phenomenal article 55 00:03:18.199 --> 00:03:20.919 written by friend of the show, Darryl Collier, back in 56 00:03:21.039 --> 00:03:24.520 December of two thousand and seven. This and many other 57 00:03:24.639 --> 00:03:26.960 articles on the subject are right there for you to 58 00:03:27.039 --> 00:03:29.759 read on woodape dot org. There's a button right here 59 00:03:29.759 --> 00:03:31.000 in the show notes. All you have to do is 60 00:03:31.039 --> 00:03:33.319 click it. It'll take you right over to the website 61 00:03:33.319 --> 00:03:35.840 and you can read this article in its entirety, as 62 00:03:35.840 --> 00:03:39.039 well as all the other amazing resources they have on 63 00:03:39.080 --> 00:03:41.919 this site. That said, I would like to read it 64 00:03:41.960 --> 00:03:46.159 for you right now. Casts of three large human like 65 00:03:46.199 --> 00:03:49.719 footprints were made by US four Service personnel in June 66 00:03:49.840 --> 00:03:54.719 nineteen eighty two in southeastern Washington State. The fine grain 67 00:03:54.879 --> 00:03:58.680 soil preserved many impressions of dermal ridges and sweat pores. 68 00:03:59.360 --> 00:04:03.759 Careful stuff by dramaticglyphics. Experts show these impressions are perfectly 69 00:04:03.800 --> 00:04:07.879 consistent with the friction skin found only in higher primates. 70 00:04:08.439 --> 00:04:12.159 The foot size of thirty seven point five by seventeen 71 00:04:12.280 --> 00:04:17.079 centimeters rules out any known primate. The non opposed first 72 00:04:17.160 --> 00:04:22.439 digit indicates a hominid. Physical circumstances suggest a weight of 73 00:04:22.519 --> 00:04:26.240 three hundred to four hundred kilograms. It is believed that 74 00:04:26.319 --> 00:04:30.000 all possible methods of fakingness evidence have been considered and 75 00:04:30.120 --> 00:04:34.879 ruled out. New animal species become generally accepted when a 76 00:04:34.920 --> 00:04:40.120 physical specimen is collected and properly described. Most commonly living 77 00:04:40.160 --> 00:04:43.920 species are initially demonstrated by the skin and skull of 78 00:04:44.000 --> 00:04:49.360 one individual. Extinct species are based on fossilized bone or shelle, 79 00:04:49.399 --> 00:04:53.600 often on rather small fragments. Some are proposed even on 80 00:04:53.680 --> 00:04:57.600 the basis of such indirect evidence, such as burrows or tracts. 81 00:04:58.199 --> 00:05:01.759 In all cases, something tangible is required, which is deposited 82 00:05:01.759 --> 00:05:04.759 in a collection somewhere and which can be examined later 83 00:05:04.839 --> 00:05:08.480 by persons other than the discoverer. Only in the case 84 00:05:08.519 --> 00:05:13.079 of relatively unimportant subspecies might acceptance be based only on 85 00:05:13.360 --> 00:05:18.959 unsubstantiated observations by qualified authorities. There are no clear rules 86 00:05:18.959 --> 00:05:21.439 about the kind and amount of evidence that must be 87 00:05:21.480 --> 00:05:26.000 provided in each case. Instead, there is an unstated consensus 88 00:05:26.000 --> 00:05:28.839 that evidence depends on the nature of the animal, or 89 00:05:28.839 --> 00:05:32.920 more properly, on our emotional reactions to it. The more 90 00:05:33.000 --> 00:05:36.759 unlikely or unexpected the species, the more proof is required 91 00:05:36.800 --> 00:05:41.079 to establish its existence. A new subspecies of chipmunk might 92 00:05:41.120 --> 00:05:45.600 seriously be considered on the eyewitness testimony of one competent zoologist, 93 00:05:46.160 --> 00:05:49.399 but if the giraffe were unknown to science, five expert 94 00:05:49.439 --> 00:05:54.519 accounts supported by photographs and footprints would hardly suffice. Similarly, 95 00:05:54.879 --> 00:05:58.160 the first platypus skin brought to Europe was suspected of 96 00:05:58.199 --> 00:06:01.920 being faked. There have been persistent reports for over a 97 00:06:02.000 --> 00:06:06.759 century that a species of large bipedal higher primate known 98 00:06:06.800 --> 00:06:10.600 as sasquatch or bigfoot lives wild in North America and 99 00:06:10.720 --> 00:06:15.279 other areas as well. Quite rightly, zoologists and anthropologists have 100 00:06:15.360 --> 00:06:18.920 not accepted this animal on the testimony of claimed eye witnesses, 101 00:06:19.240 --> 00:06:23.680 however many they may be. The supposed species is too unexpected, 102 00:06:23.920 --> 00:06:27.920 as well as potentially too significant base any firm conclusions 103 00:06:27.959 --> 00:06:32.040 on unverified accounts. If we accepted every creature that is 104 00:06:32.040 --> 00:06:35.160 supported by the testimony of ten or more claimed sightings, 105 00:06:35.680 --> 00:06:39.160 then we would truly have an unwieldy zoological inventory of 106 00:06:39.279 --> 00:06:46.720 mostly unclassifiable creatures, including unicorns, goblins, griffins, fairies, mothmen, and 107 00:06:46.759 --> 00:06:50.680 the like. Most scientists would agree that only good skeletal 108 00:06:50.720 --> 00:06:54.480 evidence would establish the reality of a species like the sasquatch. 109 00:06:55.240 --> 00:06:58.680 A few specialists would be satisfied with such esoteric evidence 110 00:06:58.720 --> 00:07:02.079 as a test tube full of bloe. Likewise, a few 111 00:07:02.120 --> 00:07:06.519 specialists would be convinced by anatomically clear footprints recorded under 112 00:07:06.560 --> 00:07:11.120 satisfactory circumstances. If we were simply dealing with an oversized 113 00:07:11.160 --> 00:07:15.240 subspecies of an accepted animal, such footprints would probably gain 114 00:07:15.399 --> 00:07:18.920 general acceptance. As it is, However, we should not be 115 00:07:19.000 --> 00:07:22.079 surprised if the best of all possible footprint impressions of 116 00:07:22.079 --> 00:07:25.160 a sasquatch were ignored or denied by most of the 117 00:07:25.160 --> 00:07:29.160 scientific establishment. That is, exactly what we are confronted with. 118 00:07:29.720 --> 00:07:33.480 On June tenth, nineteen eighty two, US Forest Service patrolman 119 00:07:33.519 --> 00:07:37.439 Paul Freeman was surveying Elk in the Yumatilla National Forest 120 00:07:37.800 --> 00:07:41.480 on the border of Washington and Oregon States. That morning, 121 00:07:41.600 --> 00:07:45.079 he reported seeing at relatively close range an animal of 122 00:07:45.160 --> 00:07:49.600 human shape, hair covered, standing about two point five meters tall, 123 00:07:49.839 --> 00:07:53.959 with an estimated weight of over four hundred kilograms. This 124 00:07:54.040 --> 00:07:57.240 event is typical of hundreds of descriptions of encounters with 125 00:07:57.360 --> 00:08:02.519 a supposed but unverified sasquatch. Other Forest Service personnel from 126 00:08:02.560 --> 00:08:06.120 the Walla Walla Ranger District Office in Walla Walla, Washington 127 00:08:06.240 --> 00:08:08.600 were called to the scene that day, and they observed 128 00:08:08.680 --> 00:08:11.959 many apparent footprints that were consistent with an animal of 129 00:08:11.959 --> 00:08:15.720 that description. Many photographs were taken and a plaster cast 130 00:08:15.839 --> 00:08:19.360 was made of one of these impressions. The following day, 131 00:08:19.399 --> 00:08:22.399 a search and rescue team on an unrelated mission came 132 00:08:22.480 --> 00:08:26.519 upon the scene, took more photographs, made another cast, and 133 00:08:26.560 --> 00:08:30.920 attempted to track the creature. One week later, on June seventeenth, 134 00:08:31.120 --> 00:08:34.759 Freeman and other foresters encountered more footprints a few miles 135 00:08:34.799 --> 00:08:38.879 away at a place called Elk Wallow, this time of 136 00:08:38.960 --> 00:08:42.519 two individuals. One of these sets of tracks matched the 137 00:08:42.600 --> 00:08:46.600 tracks at the sighting location, and a third cast was made. 138 00:08:46.639 --> 00:08:50.519 The second individual left slightly different tracks, and three casts 139 00:08:50.559 --> 00:08:53.720 were made of these. The analysis in this article centers 140 00:08:53.759 --> 00:08:56.399 on these three new tracks from Elk Wallow and the 141 00:08:56.440 --> 00:09:00.759 Mill Creek Watershed. During the following winter, Freemen and other 142 00:09:00.840 --> 00:09:05.159 investigators found additional tracks. On several occasions they made more 143 00:09:05.159 --> 00:09:09.039 plaster cast, indicating the existence of at least two more individuals. 144 00:09:09.639 --> 00:09:14.480 In all, eleven casts of four distinguishable types have been made. 145 00:09:14.639 --> 00:09:17.039 Five of these casts were made by the Forest Service 146 00:09:17.080 --> 00:09:20.039 workers in June of nineteen eighty two, and the originals 147 00:09:20.080 --> 00:09:24.960 are still in my possession pending their ultimate disposition. One 148 00:09:25.000 --> 00:09:27.320 made by Art Snow of the Search and Rescue team 149 00:09:27.399 --> 00:09:30.440 and five more made by Paul Freeman himself have been 150 00:09:30.480 --> 00:09:34.399 copied with latex or selastic molds and returned to their owners. 151 00:09:35.240 --> 00:09:37.720 The study is not concerned with the truth or accuracy 152 00:09:37.720 --> 00:09:40.879 of Freeman's claim sighting. It is also not concerned with 153 00:09:40.960 --> 00:09:43.759 the full range of tracks and the differences between them, 154 00:09:44.159 --> 00:09:47.039 nor do I stress the physical circumstances of the supposed 155 00:09:47.080 --> 00:09:51.600 Sasquatch trails themselves convincing as they may be. Instead, the 156 00:09:51.639 --> 00:09:54.320 emphasis here is on the morphology of the three elk 157 00:09:54.360 --> 00:09:58.600 Wallow track casts, which showed the greatest detail, especially in 158 00:09:58.679 --> 00:10:01.559 terms of the pattern of dermal ridges that was observed 159 00:10:01.559 --> 00:10:04.399 in the actual tracks and that has been preserved in 160 00:10:04.480 --> 00:10:08.200 parts of the plaster casts. The prevailing soil type in 161 00:10:08.240 --> 00:10:11.679 this region is wind blown lowess, a very fine grain 162 00:10:11.799 --> 00:10:15.200 substance with typical particle sizes of around zero point zero 163 00:10:15.279 --> 00:10:19.120 one millimeters in diameter. When this soil is damp and 164 00:10:19.200 --> 00:10:22.759 cool and pressed into by a warm body, a detailed 165 00:10:22.799 --> 00:10:26.799 imprint commonly remains. Most, if not all, of these tracks 166 00:10:26.799 --> 00:10:29.320 were cast within the day of the time of the impression, 167 00:10:29.759 --> 00:10:32.360 so they are not dried out, nor had they received 168 00:10:32.440 --> 00:10:36.600 any intrusive material. The well mixed casting plaster that was 169 00:10:36.600 --> 00:10:39.720 poured into these impressions was able to record any degree 170 00:10:39.759 --> 00:10:43.320 of detail that was held by the soil. Variations down 171 00:10:43.360 --> 00:10:47.440 to less than point one millimeter are faithfully preserved. This 172 00:10:47.559 --> 00:10:50.759 is fine enough to show the individual dermal ridges and 173 00:10:50.840 --> 00:10:55.080 their sweat pores. While the above described circumstances seem perfectly 174 00:10:55.120 --> 00:10:59.039 reasonable in hindsight, I was initially unconvinced that such detail 175 00:10:59.080 --> 00:11:03.200 could transfer from skin to dirt to plaster. A simple 176 00:11:03.240 --> 00:11:07.519 test demonstrated its feasibility. The top soil on my property 177 00:11:07.519 --> 00:11:12.600 in Pullman, Washington is of similar loess. I experimentally depressed 178 00:11:12.639 --> 00:11:14.960 my own thumb into a piece of the top soil 179 00:11:15.480 --> 00:11:19.000 and made a plaster cast of the impression. It faithfully 180 00:11:19.039 --> 00:11:21.799 recorded the dermal ridges and some of the sweat pores 181 00:11:21.840 --> 00:11:25.080 of my skin. I have since found out through discussions 182 00:11:25.120 --> 00:11:28.519 with police officials that footprint patterns in dirt are actually 183 00:11:28.639 --> 00:11:32.720 used for criminal identification in India and New Zealand. A 184 00:11:32.840 --> 00:11:35.279 US Border Patrol tracker who was called in by the 185 00:11:35.320 --> 00:11:38.679 Force Service to help in the Walla Walla investigation declared 186 00:11:38.720 --> 00:11:41.000 the tracks to be fakes because of the presence of 187 00:11:41.039 --> 00:11:44.399 these dermal ridges. He pointed out that of all North 188 00:11:44.440 --> 00:11:48.600 American mammals, only humans have fully developed friction skin on 189 00:11:48.679 --> 00:11:51.279 the soles of their feet. He did not allow for 190 00:11:51.320 --> 00:11:54.919 the possibility of the track maker being another higher primate, 191 00:11:55.360 --> 00:11:57.919 all of which have the same kind of friction skin 192 00:11:58.120 --> 00:12:02.840 with virtually identical dermal res. Illustrating these tracks proved to 193 00:12:02.879 --> 00:12:06.840 be a difficult problem. Photographing an entire cast for general 194 00:12:06.879 --> 00:12:10.159 shape was simple enough, but the detail was another matter. 195 00:12:11.080 --> 00:12:14.399 Given the significance of these fine lines and the controversy 196 00:12:14.440 --> 00:12:17.399 over their source, it was obvious that these drawings would 197 00:12:17.440 --> 00:12:21.080 not be satisfactory. Some objective method was needed to transfer 198 00:12:21.159 --> 00:12:24.200 the pattern of ridges directly into black and white images 199 00:12:24.240 --> 00:12:28.559 for publication. Attempts at inking and rolling were not successful 200 00:12:28.600 --> 00:12:31.440 on cast copies, and it was decided not to try 201 00:12:31.519 --> 00:12:35.759 inking any of the originals. Fingerprint dust, commonly used by 202 00:12:35.759 --> 00:12:39.559 fingerprint specialists, and tape removal also worked well only on 203 00:12:39.639 --> 00:12:43.480 small areas at a time. On cast copies. The relief 204 00:12:43.519 --> 00:12:47.200 of these ridges is generally under point two millimeters, so 205 00:12:47.279 --> 00:12:49.799 they are best seen on the cast with only oblique 206 00:12:49.879 --> 00:12:53.600 lighting that throws the furrows into shadow. A number of 207 00:12:53.639 --> 00:12:56.960 close up photographs of small areas were made with this method. 208 00:12:57.480 --> 00:12:59.799 These are shown here with their locations on the full 209 00:12:59.799 --> 00:13:03.919 cares clearly indicated. Some of these photographs have already been published. 210 00:13:04.279 --> 00:13:07.360 This method of illustration is limited because of the curved 211 00:13:07.399 --> 00:13:11.720 surfaces of a rigid structure. Beyond a small area, details 212 00:13:11.720 --> 00:13:14.559 are either thrown into shadow or else they are lost 213 00:13:14.600 --> 00:13:19.080 when the light enters all depressions. In overall morphology, these 214 00:13:19.120 --> 00:13:24.799 prints resemble human feet considerably expanded. Individual footprints vary in 215 00:13:24.919 --> 00:13:28.120 size due to differences in depth of imprinting, motions of 216 00:13:28.159 --> 00:13:31.200 the foot in stepping, and apparently from flexibility of the 217 00:13:31.240 --> 00:13:35.519 padding and the soul. The primary individual under consideration here 218 00:13:35.679 --> 00:13:39.559 left imprints thirty seven to thirty eight centimeters long, ten 219 00:13:39.639 --> 00:13:43.399 centimeters wide at the heel, and seventeen centimeters wide at 220 00:13:43.480 --> 00:13:47.759 maximum on their forefoot. Edward Palmer of the Sheriff's Department 221 00:13:47.799 --> 00:13:52.279 at Laramie County, Wyoming, contacted major shoe manufacturers about human 222 00:13:52.320 --> 00:13:56.440 feet of the size. John Robinson of Nike Shoes informed 223 00:13:56.480 --> 00:13:59.159 him that an extraordinary human could have a foot of 224 00:13:59.200 --> 00:14:02.759 this length, but not of this breadth. The same conclusion 225 00:14:02.840 --> 00:14:06.120 is evident in data from red Wing shoes. Palma was 226 00:14:06.159 --> 00:14:09.120 able to trace the dermal ridge patterns across the ball 227 00:14:09.519 --> 00:14:13.440 and interdigital areas of one cast without break, thus showing 228 00:14:13.440 --> 00:14:16.879 that the cast adequately represented the breadth of the foot. 229 00:14:17.320 --> 00:14:20.279 This fact alone appears to rule out a human foot 230 00:14:20.360 --> 00:14:25.039 being involved. The accomplishments of stride length, slope climbing, and 231 00:14:25.120 --> 00:14:28.720 depth of impression also rule out a human. This would 232 00:14:28.720 --> 00:14:32.159 be especially true of any really giant humans who are 233 00:14:32.200 --> 00:14:36.399 far less adept at moving themselves around than normally sized persons. 234 00:14:37.159 --> 00:14:40.559 The imprints indicate that there was no longitudinal arch in 235 00:14:40.600 --> 00:14:43.600 the foot. This would be expected for a biped of 236 00:14:43.639 --> 00:14:46.759 this size, where the strengths of supporting structures do not 237 00:14:46.919 --> 00:14:50.120 keep up with their body weight. In addition, there is 238 00:14:50.120 --> 00:14:52.840 no reason to believe that the ankle is set relatively 239 00:14:52.879 --> 00:14:57.039 farther forward on the foot than in humans. And stay 240 00:14:57.120 --> 00:14:59.559 tuned for more sasquatch Ota see will be right back 241 00:14:59.639 --> 00:15:07.039 after that these messages. This observation was supported by Benny 242 00:15:07.120 --> 00:15:10.399 Kling of the Wyoming Law Enforcement Academy, who was the 243 00:15:10.440 --> 00:15:14.240 first to examine late lifts from the Prince. He interpreted 244 00:15:14.240 --> 00:15:17.320 the imprint as showing that disproportionate weight was carried on 245 00:15:17.360 --> 00:15:19.919 the front of the foot as compared with the human, 246 00:15:20.360 --> 00:15:24.039 and asked if the creature walked hunched over. My suggestion 247 00:15:24.279 --> 00:15:27.480 of an anteriorly set ankle struck him as an even 248 00:15:27.519 --> 00:15:31.559 better explanation for the apparent weight distribution from the thin 249 00:15:31.720 --> 00:15:35.159 and totally flexible lifts. He also deduced that it had 250 00:15:35.200 --> 00:15:39.519 collapsed arches. The depths of the imprints were indicative of 251 00:15:39.600 --> 00:15:42.960 great body weight, but exact figures were difficult to calculate. 252 00:15:43.759 --> 00:15:46.799 The tracks were impressed much deeper than the investigator's boots 253 00:15:46.840 --> 00:15:49.639 in despite the fact that they covered over twice the 254 00:15:49.679 --> 00:15:53.360 area of these boots. At the location of Freeman's alleged siding, 255 00:15:53.600 --> 00:15:56.320 the Forest Service conducted a test at the urging of 256 00:15:56.360 --> 00:15:59.759 an individual visiting from Seattle. A piece of metal the 257 00:15:59.759 --> 00:16:02.080 side in shape of one of the footprints was cut 258 00:16:02.240 --> 00:16:04.679 and this was placed on the dirt road near a track. 259 00:16:05.399 --> 00:16:07.759 An ettojack was then put on top of it, and 260 00:16:07.840 --> 00:16:09.720 this was used to raise the rear end of a 261 00:16:09.759 --> 00:16:13.120 pickup truck. They found that this metal plate was impressed 262 00:16:13.120 --> 00:16:16.480 into the ground less than the actual footprints. From this 263 00:16:16.639 --> 00:16:19.440 fact and the given weight of the half supported truck, 264 00:16:19.679 --> 00:16:23.080 the Seattle individual concluded the weight of this thing weighed 265 00:16:23.279 --> 00:16:28.039 four thousand pounds or one nine hundred and fourteen kilograms. 266 00:16:28.679 --> 00:16:31.440 None of the foresters agreed with this weight, as widely 267 00:16:31.519 --> 00:16:34.480 quoted in the press, allowing for only one fourth of 268 00:16:34.519 --> 00:16:39.039 it at most. This excessive weight figure is easily dismissed 269 00:16:39.120 --> 00:16:42.080 because it is based on gradual pressing of weight into 270 00:16:42.120 --> 00:16:45.960 the ground in contrast of the impact of striding. A 271 00:16:46.000 --> 00:16:50.080 simple experiment illustrates this one can walk with long and 272 00:16:50.159 --> 00:16:54.840 firm strides on fine moist soil, leaving clear footprints, then 273 00:16:54.879 --> 00:16:57.720 stop and walk slowly back to examine the prints that 274 00:16:57.759 --> 00:17:00.320 were just made. One may then back off off and 275 00:17:00.399 --> 00:17:03.799 compare the striding tracks with the walking tracks and see 276 00:17:03.840 --> 00:17:07.200 that the latter are far less impressed. I have found 277 00:17:07.279 --> 00:17:10.400 that in most cases even hard stamping in place will 278 00:17:10.400 --> 00:17:14.599 not match the impressions just previously made in striding. Full 279 00:17:14.640 --> 00:17:18.319 striding impacts the body weight at some speed entirely on 280 00:17:18.440 --> 00:17:21.880 the heel area initially and with the slight forward motion 281 00:17:22.000 --> 00:17:25.319 as well. In leaving the ground. The body weight is 282 00:17:25.440 --> 00:17:28.279 last impressed on the toe area with the force of 283 00:17:28.279 --> 00:17:32.920 stepping off, and also with a slight backward motion. Applying 284 00:17:32.920 --> 00:17:35.319 this knowledge to the tracks in question does not give 285 00:17:35.359 --> 00:17:38.359 an exact figure of weight, but it moves the reasonable 286 00:17:38.480 --> 00:17:41.359 estimate back to near Freeman's guests of eight hundred to 287 00:17:41.400 --> 00:17:45.640 one thousand pounds or about four hundred kilograms. Of course, 288 00:17:45.880 --> 00:17:48.599 this all refers to the first individual from the sighting 289 00:17:48.599 --> 00:17:52.319 event on June tenth. The second individual's tracks found on 290 00:17:52.400 --> 00:17:57.279 June seventeenth were slightly larger and impressed to a similar degree. Thus, 291 00:17:57.400 --> 00:18:00.160 the tracks that are considered in detail here we are 292 00:18:00.200 --> 00:18:02.920 quite possibly pressed into the ground with the weight of 293 00:18:03.000 --> 00:18:07.039 as much as four hundred kilograms. The foot shape is 294 00:18:07.160 --> 00:18:10.680 essentially human in spite of the large size and flat arch. 295 00:18:11.240 --> 00:18:14.079 The toes are unusual in being more nearly all the 296 00:18:14.119 --> 00:18:17.720 same size than in humans. The first digit is the largest, 297 00:18:17.880 --> 00:18:21.559 but only slightly so. The toes are also arranged nearly 298 00:18:21.559 --> 00:18:24.680 straight across the front of the foot. This contrasts with 299 00:18:24.720 --> 00:18:27.839 the more tapered human foot, where the lesser toes are 300 00:18:27.880 --> 00:18:32.799 progressively much shorter. All these characteristics also apply to other 301 00:18:32.880 --> 00:18:37.279 wallow walla footprints, as well as to most reported sasquatch tracks. 302 00:18:38.200 --> 00:18:42.039 The two footprints are especially instructive in respect to differences 303 00:18:42.039 --> 00:18:45.880 in the depths of toe impression. At the metatarsal ends. 304 00:18:46.279 --> 00:18:50.279 The full right footprint has a deeply impressed digit one, 305 00:18:50.759 --> 00:18:54.000 while the short right one, missing a heel, has a 306 00:18:54.039 --> 00:18:58.119 more deeply impressed digit two. The toes of short right 307 00:18:58.200 --> 00:19:01.200 are impressed into the substrate on only slightly less than 308 00:19:01.200 --> 00:19:05.599 the metatarsal ends, but digits two through five of full 309 00:19:05.720 --> 00:19:09.079 right turns somewhat upward and some of the tips are 310 00:19:09.119 --> 00:19:12.720 not recorded. This is also evident in digit five of 311 00:19:12.759 --> 00:19:16.119 the full left, where the arched ridge pattern first taken 312 00:19:16.160 --> 00:19:18.400 to be the tip of the toe, actually appears to 313 00:19:18.440 --> 00:19:21.680 be from the meta tarsal pad, and the tip does 314 00:19:21.720 --> 00:19:25.759 not show at the metatarsal ends. The full right footprint 315 00:19:25.799 --> 00:19:29.039 has a deeply impressed digit one, while the short right 316 00:19:29.079 --> 00:19:32.720 one missing the heel, has a more deeply impressed digit two. 317 00:19:33.519 --> 00:19:36.640 A peculiarity of the full left is the extra pad 318 00:19:36.680 --> 00:19:39.200 of flesh to the lateral side of the base of 319 00:19:39.279 --> 00:19:43.680 digit five. Dermal ridges passed directly from digit five onto 320 00:19:43.680 --> 00:19:46.240 this pad, so it is not a double strike of 321 00:19:46.279 --> 00:19:49.400 the fifth digit. Since this pad does not appear on 322 00:19:49.480 --> 00:19:53.079 either of the right tracts, its exact nature is not clear. 323 00:19:53.440 --> 00:19:56.160 It may result from connective tissues in the sole pad 324 00:19:56.200 --> 00:19:59.519 that were under a normal tension. Possibly it is an 325 00:19:59.559 --> 00:20:03.720 insipi bient sixth digit. The short right track shows what 326 00:20:03.839 --> 00:20:06.000 may be a double strike of a digit, where that 327 00:20:06.079 --> 00:20:09.880 toe was first pressed against digit three, then glanced off 328 00:20:09.880 --> 00:20:12.839 of a small stone and into a more normal position. 329 00:20:13.440 --> 00:20:16.079 A cast of that stone is preserved in the track. 330 00:20:16.720 --> 00:20:19.160 In order to make such a movement, the digit had 331 00:20:19.160 --> 00:20:21.400 to shift to the side after it was pressed into 332 00:20:21.480 --> 00:20:24.759 the ground, rolled over the stone, and press in again. 333 00:20:25.640 --> 00:20:28.640 The first pressing of digit II against digit three is 334 00:20:28.680 --> 00:20:32.400 indicated by the set of five V shaped ridges meeting 335 00:20:32.440 --> 00:20:35.640 in a cleft. This cleft might also be taken as 336 00:20:35.680 --> 00:20:38.400 a deep scar between the toes, but this would not 337 00:20:38.519 --> 00:20:42.640 explain the apparent two impressions of digit III. Perhaps the 338 00:20:42.680 --> 00:20:45.880 most intriguing of these gross characteristics of the prints is 339 00:20:45.880 --> 00:20:49.079 the large stone impression in the middle of the full right. 340 00:20:50.000 --> 00:20:52.519 The stone was photographed in the actual track before the 341 00:20:52.559 --> 00:20:56.160 cast was made. It measures about nine centimeters long by 342 00:20:56.240 --> 00:20:59.960 seven centimeters wide and stands up into the footprint cast 343 00:21:00.119 --> 00:21:03.319 to a maximum of two centimeters toward the rear part. 344 00:21:04.000 --> 00:21:07.400 The footprint maker simply stepped on a large stone and 345 00:21:07.440 --> 00:21:10.920 pressed it down into the dirt around it on all sides. 346 00:21:11.559 --> 00:21:14.519 This was not a doable action, hitting on one side 347 00:21:14.640 --> 00:21:17.920 then twisting over to press down on the other. Such 348 00:21:17.960 --> 00:21:20.799 a double imprinting would have left corresponding breaks in the 349 00:21:20.839 --> 00:21:23.880 imprint to the front and rear of the stone, but 350 00:21:23.960 --> 00:21:27.640 there are none. The significance of this stepped on stone 351 00:21:27.799 --> 00:21:29.839 is that it shows the sole of the foot had 352 00:21:29.880 --> 00:21:33.359 a very thick padding and that it was also very flexible. 353 00:21:34.000 --> 00:21:38.119 Mobility of bone connections cannot account for most of this indentation. 354 00:21:38.720 --> 00:21:41.000 The deepest part is close enough to the back of 355 00:21:41.039 --> 00:21:45.200 the foot that only the calcaneous or heel bone is involved. 356 00:21:45.680 --> 00:21:48.079 It is obvious that the sole pad must have had 357 00:21:48.079 --> 00:21:51.160 a thickness somewhat greater than the two centimeter depth of 358 00:21:51.200 --> 00:21:55.920 the stone's indentation. This applies to the osteologically more rigid 359 00:21:55.960 --> 00:21:58.599 rear part of the foot, and maybe much the case 360 00:21:58.640 --> 00:22:01.480 in the forefoot, where there is there more moveability between 361 00:22:01.480 --> 00:22:05.519 the bones. A flexible soule pad is further supported by 362 00:22:05.519 --> 00:22:09.440 the configuration of the edges of the footprint indentations. These 363 00:22:09.519 --> 00:22:12.799 are nearly vertical in many areas, and actually overhanged by 364 00:22:12.839 --> 00:22:16.480 as much as one centimeter in one place. This overhang 365 00:22:16.559 --> 00:22:19.000 might have been caused by sagging of the surrounding dirt 366 00:22:19.039 --> 00:22:22.799 after the imprints were made, although personal observation of many 367 00:22:22.880 --> 00:22:26.400 tracks makes this seem unlikely to me. A rigid structure 368 00:22:26.400 --> 00:22:29.799 could not have pressed laterally against the walls of these impressions, 369 00:22:30.119 --> 00:22:34.759 then withdrawn medially and removal. A flexible foot, especially one 370 00:22:34.880 --> 00:22:38.000 with a thick sole pad, would make just these movements, 371 00:22:38.480 --> 00:22:41.119 leaving an impression that can be wider at the bottom 372 00:22:41.319 --> 00:22:45.000 than it is nearer to the top. Detailed skin impressions 373 00:22:45.039 --> 00:22:48.319 are visible on some of these vertical and overhanging walls, 374 00:22:48.640 --> 00:22:51.759 with dermal ridges clearly showing in one case near the 375 00:22:51.799 --> 00:22:55.920 heel of the full right. These details are directly imprinted 376 00:22:55.920 --> 00:22:58.559 into the side walls and thus could not have been 377 00:22:58.599 --> 00:23:02.160 made by a rigid structure with any combination of movements. 378 00:23:03.000 --> 00:23:06.200 The presumption of a thick soul pad was also indicated 379 00:23:06.240 --> 00:23:10.000 by four foot print cast from Gray's Harbor County, Washington, 380 00:23:10.079 --> 00:23:13.440 made earlier in nineteen eighty two by the Gray's Harbor 381 00:23:13.519 --> 00:23:17.759 Sheriff's Department. These tracks show such identity of detail with 382 00:23:17.839 --> 00:23:21.200 each other that a single foot was almost surely involved. 383 00:23:21.799 --> 00:23:24.640 Yet they varied in breadth by as much as a 384 00:23:24.640 --> 00:23:28.680 centimeter from one print to another. Varying pressure on a thick, 385 00:23:28.720 --> 00:23:32.440 flexible soul pad was clearly suggested in that case too. 386 00:23:33.119 --> 00:23:36.279 The logical expectation of such a thick soul pad has 387 00:23:36.359 --> 00:23:39.720 long been indicated by the apparent ratio between body weight 388 00:23:39.960 --> 00:23:44.759 and foot structure area. With increasing body size, surfaces increased 389 00:23:44.799 --> 00:23:48.599 by the square linear dimension, while body volume increases by 390 00:23:48.640 --> 00:23:51.960 the cube. Thus, the larger hominid puts more weight on 391 00:23:52.000 --> 00:23:55.680 a given area of soul than does a smaller one. 392 00:23:55.720 --> 00:23:59.839 The reported unusually heavy set Sasquatch bodies only add to 393 00:23:59.880 --> 00:24:03.359 the problem. A typical man one hundred and seventy centimeters 394 00:24:03.400 --> 00:24:06.920 tall will have a foot twenty six centimeters long. His 395 00:24:07.079 --> 00:24:10.519 sixty five kilogram body weight will be distributed over two 396 00:24:10.640 --> 00:24:14.319 hundred square centimeters of one foot, or about point three 397 00:24:14.440 --> 00:24:19.839 two five kilograms per square centimeter. Our reconstructed sasquatch two 398 00:24:19.839 --> 00:24:22.920 point four to two point five meters tall has a 399 00:24:22.960 --> 00:24:27.119 foot thirty seven point five centimeters long. Its four hundred 400 00:24:27.240 --> 00:24:31.000 kilogram body weight is distributed over four hundred and eighty 401 00:24:31.000 --> 00:24:34.640