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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Spotlight Advanced. I'm Roger Bassick.

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<v Speaker 2>And I'm Gillian Woodward. Spotlight uses a special English method

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<v Speaker 2>of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand no

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<v Speaker 2>matter where in the world they live.

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<v Speaker 1>Betty Skawuka has collected water for her family ever since

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<v Speaker 1>she learned how to walk. She learned from her mother.

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<v Speaker 1>Every day she would walk over a kilometer to the river.

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<v Speaker 1>When she was a little girl, she carried a small

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<v Speaker 1>water container as she walked behind her mother and sisters.

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<v Speaker 1>But as she grew older, she carried more water. She

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<v Speaker 1>would fill up a large container with thirty liters of water.

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<v Speaker 1>She would then lift this container up to the top

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<v Speaker 1>of her head. Betty would then walk all the way

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<v Speaker 1>back home carrying this heavy container. Betty would do this

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<v Speaker 1>six or seven times every day. She talks about how

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<v Speaker 1>she used the water.

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<v Speaker 2>No one here has running water in the house, so

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<v Speaker 2>we had to be so careful with the water because

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<v Speaker 2>it was so hard to get and so heavy. Today's

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<v Speaker 2>spotlight is on an invention that is helping women in

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<v Speaker 2>Africa gather water more easily. Collecting water is a common

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<v Speaker 2>practice for many women and girls in country villages in

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<v Speaker 2>southern Africa. Usually women and girls work in the home,

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<v Speaker 2>men and boys work outside the home. Women may spend

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<v Speaker 2>up to twenty six percent of their time collecting water.

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<v Speaker 2>Women and children provide almost all the water in village.

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<v Speaker 1>Africa is the second driest continent in the world. Two

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<v Speaker 1>thirds of its countries have very limited access to water.

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<v Speaker 1>In larger communities, the women are responsible for finding clean water.

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<v Speaker 1>The women know where to find and store good water.

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<v Speaker 1>But all this water collecting takes time and energy. If

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<v Speaker 1>a woman or child is spending much of their day

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<v Speaker 1>collecting water, they do not have time for other activities.

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<v Speaker 1>They cannot go to school or care for sick family members.

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<v Speaker 1>Nelson Mandela was the first president of South Africa. He

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<v Speaker 1>once said.

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<v Speaker 3>Freedom alone is not enough without light to read at night.

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<v Speaker 3>It is not enough without time or access to water

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<v Speaker 3>for your farm. It is not enough without the ability

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<v Speaker 3>to catch fish to feed your family.

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<v Speaker 2>In some areas in Africa, women walk over fifteen kilometers

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<v Speaker 2>to get water. They have to travel twice as far

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<v Speaker 2>if it is in the dry season. But it is

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<v Speaker 2>not just the distance that is a problem. The water

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<v Speaker 2>containers are very heavy when they are full. Many women

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<v Speaker 2>carry these containers balanced on their heads. The women walk

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<v Speaker 2>with up to twenty kilograms of water on their heads.

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<v Speaker 2>This weight can damage a woman's body. Women can develop

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<v Speaker 2>back and neck problems. Carrying water like this may even

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<v Speaker 2>damage a woman's waistbones, making it difficult for her to

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<v Speaker 2>have children.

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<v Speaker 1>Many aid groups are working hard to provide wells for

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<v Speaker 1>communities in Africa. This is important, but sometimes the wells

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<v Speaker 1>have problems. The machines that pump the water can break,

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<v Speaker 1>and there's not always someone close by to fix the machine.

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<v Speaker 1>During dry seasons, the wells may become dry from months

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<v Speaker 1>at a time.

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<v Speaker 2>In nineteen ninety two, two South African engineers wanted to

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<v Speaker 2>do something to help with these water problems. Petty Petza

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<v Speaker 2>and Johann Yonka wanted to create a new way to

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<v Speaker 2>carry water. They thought of carrying water in a wheelbarrow,

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<v Speaker 2>a large container with two handles and one wheel, but

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<v Speaker 2>when they started making the design, they found that the

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<v Speaker 2>wheel was the most costly part. So they had an

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<v Speaker 2>idea to put water in the wheel itself instead of

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<v Speaker 2>in the container on top.

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<v Speaker 1>So the two men began a new design, a container

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<v Speaker 1>that could roll on rough ground, a container that could

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<v Speaker 1>carry more water than the women usually carried a simple

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<v Speaker 1>container that would not break. Would they be able to

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<v Speaker 1>put all these ideas in one device.

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<v Speaker 2>After working for some time, the men had their design.

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<v Speaker 2>They called the container the Hippo water roller. It looked

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<v Speaker 2>like a large barrel, a round plastic container turned on

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<v Speaker 2>its side. A removable cover was on one side of

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<v Speaker 2>the hippo roller. A long piece of metal attached to

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<v Speaker 2>each side of the container.

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<v Speaker 1>A person could hold onto this metal handle and push

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<v Speaker 1>the hippo roller on the ground. The container acted as

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<v Speaker 1>a large wheel. It was made out of a very thick,

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<v Speaker 1>strong plastic. The designers said this is why they called

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<v Speaker 1>it a hippo roller. A hippopotamus is an animal that

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<v Speaker 1>is found in the water in Africa. Sometimes it is

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<v Speaker 1>simply called a hippo. It is very thick skin, like

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<v Speaker 1>the thick plastic of the hippo roller.

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<v Speaker 2>The hippo roller lets people carry ninety liters of water

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<v Speaker 2>at a time. It is easy to fill and easy

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<v Speaker 2>to clean. The thick plastic container can roll over rocks,

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<v Speaker 2>sand and plants. The metal handle is made from strong steel.

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<v Speaker 2>The handle can be removed to let the containers stand

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<v Speaker 2>up to.

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<v Speaker 1>Be filled using the hippo roller saves time. It carries

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<v Speaker 1>about five times more water than a usual water container.

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<v Speaker 1>For most families, this is enough water for one day.

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<v Speaker 1>Carrying the water in the hippo roller is less work

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<v Speaker 1>for women and children, it does not damage the person's body,

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<v Speaker 1>and the container can also be used as a clean

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<v Speaker 1>place to store water.

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<v Speaker 2>Today, over sixty five thousand hippo rollers have been given

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<v Speaker 2>to families all across Southern Africa. Each roller costs too

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<v Speaker 2>much money for these families, so the Hippo Roller organization

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<v Speaker 2>collects money from other people to pay the cost of

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<v Speaker 2>the hippo rollers. Families using the hippo rollers do not

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<v Speaker 2>have to pay anything.

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<v Speaker 1>The United Nations estimates that at least two billion people

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<v Speaker 1>in the world do not have good access to water.

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<v Speaker 1>For these people, water is difficult to get. The hippo

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<v Speaker 1>roller is helping with this problem. One hippo roller can

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<v Speaker 1>serve a family of seven people. By using it, a

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<v Speaker 1>family saves time and energy that can be used for

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<v Speaker 1>other work and education.

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<v Speaker 2>People have even seen a change in family responsibilities because

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<v Speaker 2>of the hippo roller. The new technology is interesting and

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<v Speaker 2>exciting to men, so they are more willing to help

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<v Speaker 2>the women collect the water.

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<v Speaker 1>The creators of hippo rollers add that these are not

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<v Speaker 1>a permanent solution. Clean running water is the best way

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<v Speaker 1>to ensure access for everyone, but the hippo rollers are

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<v Speaker 1>an excellent first step. Across the countryside of South Africa, Zambia, Tanzania,

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<v Speaker 1>Zimbabwe and other nations, groups of women and men can

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<v Speaker 1>be seen walking through grassy fields. In front of them

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<v Speaker 1>they push large, rolling blue hippo rollers. They push a

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<v Speaker 1>device that carries water but also carries a better life

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<v Speaker 1>for them and their family.

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<v Speaker 2>How do you get clean water to use? What are

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<v Speaker 2>the challenges for getting water in your community? You can

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<v Speaker 2>leave a comment on our website at www dot Spotlightenglish

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<v Speaker 2>dot com. You can also find us on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram,

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<v Speaker 2>Blue Sky, and x.

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<v Speaker 1>The writers of this program were from the Spotlight team.

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<v Speaker 1>The producer was Michio Ozaki. All quotes were adapted for

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<v Speaker 1>this program and voiced by Spotlight. This program is called

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<v Speaker 1>Rolling Water. Visit our website to download our free official

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<v Speaker 1>app for Android and Apple devices.

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<v Speaker 2>We hope you can can join us again for the

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<v Speaker 2>next Spotlight program. Goodbye,