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<v Speaker 1>Get value you can't argue with at Tesco with their

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<v Speaker 1>Every Little helps available at most stores. Prices vary in express.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh hey, it's your fourth cousin twice removed Ali ward

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<v Speaker 2>back with a familial historical episode of ologies. So you

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<v Speaker 2>were here because people made babies with each other, and

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<v Speaker 2>out of all of the game meats, in all of

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<v Speaker 2>the conats, you became a collection of molecules, and you're

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<v Speaker 2>suspended in a web of family. Even a cockroach technically

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<v Speaker 2>has grandparents and cousins. Is that weird? Your cab might

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<v Speaker 2>have an uncle, and if you have children, gay at them.

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<v Speaker 2>They may have children who have children, and then those

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<v Speaker 2>children's might not even know your damn name. They'll just

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<v Speaker 2>know you're dead. But before we get into it, first,

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<v Speaker 2>a quick thank you to the select slice of listeners

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<v Speaker 2>who are also patrons. You know who you are. You

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<v Speaker 2>make the show possible. Thank you to everyone spreading the

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<v Speaker 2>word with your mouth, or with your tweets, or by

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<v Speaker 2>wearing my face on your chest via ologiesmerge dot com.

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<v Speaker 2>Thanks to everyone who boosts the show for others to

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<v Speaker 2>see by hitting subscribe and rating it that actually works

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<v Speaker 2>and leaving reviews like sweet Sweet Tier Male for me

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<v Speaker 2>to see, such as this fresh evaluation from DC Doppelganger,

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<v Speaker 2>who says, feeling sad and monotonous life getting it down,

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<v Speaker 2>listen to this podcast Ologies reminds you about how amazing

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<v Speaker 2>the world around you actually is. Thanks Dad word, stay curious.

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<v Speaker 2>Everyone will do DC, I promise. Okay. Genealogy the first

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<v Speaker 2>topic ever to not be an ology. Look at it, genealogy?

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<v Speaker 2>What is this? The Baron's stained bears. It's an allergy?

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<v Speaker 2>What the heck man? So genealogy comes from the root

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<v Speaker 2>word gena, meaning to give birth to you, like genesis,

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<v Speaker 2>and genealogy is not the study of genetics and how

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<v Speaker 2>DNA works. That's just called genetics. So this was news

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<v Speaker 2>to me. Now, genealogy is the tracing of family origins,

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<v Speaker 2>and in Old English it was called folk talou, meaning

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<v Speaker 2>folk tales. But the allergy and not ology is because

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<v Speaker 2>the o analogies is borrowed from the first word anyway,

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<v Speaker 2>So my point is that this podcast should actually just

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<v Speaker 2>be called lo cheese, and to be honest, I'm not

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<v Speaker 2>really emotionally prepared to process that. Also, it has taken

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<v Speaker 2>my laptop one hundred and fifty episodes to not correct

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<v Speaker 2>this my life's work into eulogies or logis, which it's

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<v Speaker 2>done in business emails. So now we know the ology

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<v Speaker 2>allergy is as good as analogy. So this week's allogist,

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<v Speaker 2>I suppose, has been in this field for three decades,

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<v Speaker 2>starting as a personal passion that just consumed him into

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<v Speaker 2>making it a job. And I was introduced to him

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<v Speaker 2>by someone who worked to publish his latest book, which

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<v Speaker 2>is called sixteen nineteen twenty Africans, which just came out

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<v Speaker 2>this past July, and I immediately ordered the book. I

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<v Speaker 2>was so happy he was down to pop into a

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<v Speaker 2>sound booth in Portland to chat with me about his

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<v Speaker 2>passion tracing family histories and chasing down records, and also

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<v Speaker 2>about mysteried novels and capes. Questions you should ask your

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<v Speaker 2>relatives us history and how we treat the past, how

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<v Speaker 2>to heal from our individual legacies, the joy of cracking

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<v Speaker 2>a case, DNA tests, technology, brunch revelations, and how everywhere

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<v Speaker 2>you look there's family. So pull up a chair and

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<v Speaker 2>absorb the stories of two time author Total Peach distant

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<v Speaker 2>relative to Tom Hanks and perhaps your relative as well,

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<v Speaker 2>genealogist Steven Hanks. I'm sure you get that with a

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<v Speaker 2>lot of Stevens.

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<v Speaker 3>I do.

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<v Speaker 2>I do.

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<v Speaker 4>My name is over at pH as you probably noticed,

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<v Speaker 4>and when it was funny when I introduced myself, they

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<v Speaker 4>say Steve, Okay, Steve, nice to reach you.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, Steve, Steven And now you are a genealogist. Yes,

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<v Speaker 2>and you've been a genealogist for quite a while now. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 4>I started like in eighty nine. Yeah, but I was like, God,

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<v Speaker 4>how old was I? I was, oh, about thirty years old,

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<v Speaker 4>And that's I got the bug. I was over at

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<v Speaker 4>my dad's house that day and summer July, and he

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<v Speaker 4>was watching the baseball game and he handed me this

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<v Speaker 4>letter that he got from a cousin in Kansas, and

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<v Speaker 4>he says, read this, And of course I didn't know

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<v Speaker 4>anything about my fa family's history, you know, I'm just

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<v Speaker 4>a kid growing up for the and so he shows

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<v Speaker 4>me this letter. I started reading and it's an obituary

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<v Speaker 4>of a newspaper and all these relatives names are listed

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<v Speaker 4>in this obituary. And saw my dad's side of the family,

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<v Speaker 4>and I just said, wow, I don't know who these

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<v Speaker 4>people are. And that's what that's what got it started.

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<v Speaker 4>Right there, I said, I got to find out who

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<v Speaker 4>these people are. I got to find out about the

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<v Speaker 4>history of my family. And so that's how it got started.

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<v Speaker 4>Eighty nine.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and what was the first thing you did? Back

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<v Speaker 2>in eighty nine? We had libraries and microfiche and the

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<v Speaker 2>Dewey Dustal system.

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<v Speaker 4>Old microfilm readers. Yeah, the Michael Fish totally totally no

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<v Speaker 4>no Internet, no clicking of the mouse. You know, it

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<v Speaker 4>was old school all the way.

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<v Speaker 2>In old school ways involved making the two to three

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<v Speaker 2>hour drive from Portland to Seattle's National Archives, and that

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<v Speaker 2>houses fifty eight thousand cubic feet of records. That's a

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<v Speaker 2>lot of records all about the Pacific Northwest for Oregon, Idaho, Washington,

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<v Speaker 2>and now Alaska, but just in the past few weeks,

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<v Speaker 2>this is breaking news. Historians are rightly poed that the

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<v Speaker 2>government wants to sell this building because the Techie Seattle

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<v Speaker 2>location has become so valuable, and a building sale would

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<v Speaker 2>mean moving all of those records of the Pacific Northwest

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<v Speaker 2>to Missouri or California, making the journey for people much longer,

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<v Speaker 2>and let's face it, mostly impossible. And note, you can't

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<v Speaker 2>just jump on the information super highway. A lot of

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<v Speaker 2>those ledgers and records haven't even been digitized. So genealogy research,

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<v Speaker 2>like family trees, still has its roots in the past.

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<v Speaker 4>Well, when I started getting interested in this field and

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<v Speaker 4>wanting to learn more, I had to learn the rules

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<v Speaker 4>of the game and how the professional genealogists did it.

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<v Speaker 4>And so I learned about census records, tax records, you know,

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<v Speaker 4>land deeds and all that sort of thing, courthouse records,

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<v Speaker 4>just on and on and on, museums. So I said, well,

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<v Speaker 4>let me start with the census records. That sounds pretty

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<v Speaker 4>easy enough. You know, every ten years they have a census,

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<v Speaker 4>and of course they put a privacy restriction on the

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<v Speaker 4>first seventy years they released it to the public. So

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<v Speaker 4>the most recent census that was available to me at

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<v Speaker 4>that time was, I believe the nineteen twenty census. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 4>nineteen twenty. But they had no National Archives branch in Portland.

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<v Speaker 4>I could either fly to Washington, d c. While that

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<v Speaker 4>probably wasn't going to work, or they said you could

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<v Speaker 4>go to Seattle, Washington. They have a branch there. So

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<v Speaker 4>I would just take off whenever I could and just

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<v Speaker 4>drive up three hours up to Seattle and just spend

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<v Speaker 4>time looking at the old microfilm reels and putting the

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<v Speaker 4>old microfilm on, you know, cranking the machine, and boom,

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<v Speaker 4>there they were. I found my grandparents in Manhattan, Kansas.

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<v Speaker 4>I started getting excited in nineteen twenty. And the genealogists rule,

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<v Speaker 4>this is the genie all it's just ral Alley is

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<v Speaker 4>work your way back from what you know to what

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<v Speaker 4>you don't know. That's the rule. Never do it the

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<v Speaker 4>other way around. Never go to what you don't know

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<v Speaker 4>and try to work your way up to the present

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<v Speaker 4>because you don't know who those people are in the past, right,

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<v Speaker 4>so you don't know what journey, what path you're going

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<v Speaker 4>to be on. So start with what you know and

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<v Speaker 4>work your way back. So I found my grandparents' names.

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<v Speaker 4>I said, okay, I'm on the right track, and just

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<v Speaker 4>started working my way back. But it started getting tricky

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<v Speaker 4>as you get, you know, further back in time. And

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<v Speaker 4>that's what even got me more excited, because you know,

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<v Speaker 4>I'm like a detective, you know, like the Perry made said,

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<v Speaker 4>you know, you know, just start looking under the rocks.

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<v Speaker 4>And so went to nineteen ten, a nineteen hundred census,

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<v Speaker 4>and this was really getting exciting. I finally was able

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<v Speaker 4>to locate my great grandparents, knew their names, and it

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<v Speaker 4>just blew me away, you know, found them in Kansas

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<v Speaker 4>and found out that they had moved to Kansas from Mississippi.

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<v Speaker 4>And the thing about that experience was they came from

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<v Speaker 4>Mississippi under a different set of living as you as

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<v Speaker 4>you know where I'm coming from, you know, the slavery,

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<v Speaker 4>you know, kind of the slavery thing. So that was

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<v Speaker 4>a big chakaru.

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<v Speaker 2>But Stephen's first book was twenty thirteen's A Key Tree,

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<v Speaker 2>a Descendants Quest for his slave ancestors on the Eskridge Plantations,

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<v Speaker 2>and he has such an amazing way of writing about

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<v Speaker 2>the process of genealogy through his own narrative and how

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<v Speaker 2>one discovery can kind of ignite another the further you.

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<v Speaker 4>Go back in time. I was able to find them

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<v Speaker 4>on the eighteen eighty census and the eighteen ninety census,

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<v Speaker 4>I guess was burned in a fire in nineteen twenty one.

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<v Speaker 4>So that's yeah, that's something that all genealogists, if you're

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<v Speaker 4>studying Greek, Italian, whatever you're you know, ancestry is that's

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<v Speaker 4>something that you have to live with. The eighteen ninety census,

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<v Speaker 4>it's gone forever. Wow.

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<v Speaker 2>So yeah, Stephen told me that through the eighteen seventy

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<v Speaker 2>census he discovered that his grandparents lived in a little

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<v Speaker 2>town called duck Hill, Mississippi, hailing from what is now

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<v Speaker 2>Montgomery County, the same place that Oprah Winfrey's family is from.

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<v Speaker 2>Small world, but big deal, given that Oprah Winfrey is

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<v Speaker 2>like the closest thing this country has had to a queen.

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<v Speaker 4>There they were eighteen seventy June something I couldn't believe it.

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<v Speaker 4>I couldn't believe it. There they were never met, these

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<v Speaker 4>family members, but these were my ancestors. And so when

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<v Speaker 4>I got to that point, I was just in heaven,

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<v Speaker 4>you know. But the problem is, you know, you going

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<v Speaker 4>beyond eighteen seventy is the trick for you know, as

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<v Speaker 4>far as African American genealogy. But I enjoyed, you know,

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<v Speaker 4>doing it for I've had many different clients, many different

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<v Speaker 4>people just even friends that I've done it for, all

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<v Speaker 4>types of different Italian Greece so forth. It's exciting.

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<v Speaker 2>And you've established yourself as a genealogist, You've written multiple books,

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<v Speaker 2>you've consulted on multiple documentaries, and you know, going back

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<v Speaker 2>a little bit to your own history, were you always

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<v Speaker 2>someone who liked mystery novels, like detective novels like what did?

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 2>Was that kind of in your genes?

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<v Speaker 4>Oh my god, Sherlock Holmes. I can remember as a

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<v Speaker 4>kid just staying up late at night and just watching

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<v Speaker 4>the Sherlock Holmes with who was who was the guy

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<v Speaker 4>that was playing that? But yeah, you know, it was

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<v Speaker 4>it was It always had to be this one actor

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<v Speaker 4>that played Charlotte Holmes. He was the one that I

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<v Speaker 4>fell in love with. I can't remember his name or

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<v Speaker 4>off the bat, but we'll look it up.

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<v Speaker 2>My guess is that this is Ronald Howard, who, in

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<v Speaker 2>nearly forty episodes of Detective Capers portrayed the caped icon.

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<v Speaker 4>What are you doing anyway?

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<v Speaker 2>Research research? Ps. I know, I just learned that that

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<v Speaker 2>cape is called an Inverness Cape and it's named after

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<v Speaker 2>a rainy region in the Scottish Highlands. We're Scottish where

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<v Speaker 2>this sleeveless cloak thing because it allows for easier access

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<v Speaker 2>to their sporan, which is their long, hairy fannipack coin

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<v Speaker 2>purse that hangs over their chunk area. Anyway, Yes, Sherlock

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<v Speaker 2>Holmes loved a good problem to solve and on the

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<v Speaker 2>topic of clever Scotts.

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<v Speaker 4>But I love loved TI. I'm Sherlock was my guy.

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<v Speaker 4>And then of course you know James Bond. I mean,

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<v Speaker 4>who who's not going to like James Bond? You know

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<v Speaker 4>the Sean Connery?

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<v Speaker 2>I know, I love you James, But yeah.

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<v Speaker 4>I totally was into the mysteries and the detectives early on.

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<v Speaker 2>Definitely, for sure, after you were handed this obituary and

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<v Speaker 2>you started driving up to Seattle to look in the

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<v Speaker 2>archives you mentioned to your your thirties, have you been

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<v Speaker 2>able to balance genealogy with UH with other careers or

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<v Speaker 2>did it at some point did you have to decide

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<v Speaker 2>what you were going to dedicate your career to well,

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<v Speaker 2>you know.

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<v Speaker 4>That's a good question. And I did have to kind

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<v Speaker 4>of juggle back and forth because I had, you know,

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<v Speaker 4>the passion and the drive to want to be an genealogists.

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<v Speaker 4>I tried to start up my own business. Actually I

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<v Speaker 4>did start my own business. It was called Genealogical Networking Services.

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<v Speaker 4>And I went back to school and learned how to

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<v Speaker 4>do computers because I didn't know that, and so I

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<v Speaker 4>started up my own little entrepreneurship and I was getting

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<v Speaker 4>requests all across the country. It was amazing, It was amazing.

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<v Speaker 4>I still have those those inquiry letters to this day,

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<v Speaker 4>and they were all over the country. People asked me

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<v Speaker 4>to do this, that, can you look this up Native American?

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<v Speaker 4>Just anything you could think of, and I had fun

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<v Speaker 4>doing it. The only problem was people had a tendency

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<v Speaker 4>to not want to pay you, but they want you

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<v Speaker 4>to do the research first and then okay, now send

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<v Speaker 4>me a payment. So it got to be kind of

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<v Speaker 4>hard to make a living out of it. But I

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<v Speaker 4>always had the passion for it, so I had to

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<v Speaker 4>do other type of work just to you know, pay

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<v Speaker 4>the bills type thing. But finally I was able to

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<v Speaker 4>just recently actually five years ago, I finally got a

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<v Speaker 4>really nice job that goes right along with my genealogy.

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<v Speaker 4>I'm working for the school district here and yeah, I'm

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<v Speaker 4>a record's clerk and it's amazing how many people come in,

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<v Speaker 4>walk in or email or phone. They want to do

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<v Speaker 4>research about this, that and the other. And that's just

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<v Speaker 4>right up my alley doing research and it ties right

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<v Speaker 4>into the genealogy. So for the first time, after so

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<v Speaker 4>many years, I finally got you know, they both together,

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<v Speaker 4>genealogy and just doing historical research, you know, in local research.

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<v Speaker 4>So it's cool.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh, that's amazing. And you know, I know that you

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<v Speaker 2>chronicled these discoveries that you made with your family in

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<v Speaker 2>your first book, A key Tree, and yeah, yeah, I

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<v Speaker 2>would love to hear more. I know it's the ackey

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<v Speaker 2>tree or a key tree. You've pronounced it either way.

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<v Speaker 4>I know, I know I say I say a key

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<v Speaker 4>tree that I've heard people say no Aki.

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<v Speaker 2>You know, I know I wasn't good shirt, so I

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<v Speaker 2>just messed it up either way.

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<v Speaker 4>But I guess it's my auntie who she just racally

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<v Speaker 4>passed away in Saint Louis, Missouri. But she is my

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<v Speaker 4>mother's sister, and she would take trips to Jamaica, you know,

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<v Speaker 4>as often as she could. And so she pronounced it aki,

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<v Speaker 4>and she sent me a picture of it, and I

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<v Speaker 4>put it in the book.

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<v Speaker 2>So, the Aki tree or a ki tree, depending on

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<v Speaker 2>how you say it is native to West Africa, and

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<v Speaker 2>it bears this red fruit that in due time yawns

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<v Speaker 2>open to reveal dark black, glossy seeds and this yellow,

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<v Speaker 2>spongy flesh. And it's popular in Caribbean dishes. But if

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<v Speaker 2>you try to eat that sucker before it's ripe, your

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<v Speaker 2>impatience might get rewarded with the very self explanatory Jamaican

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<v Speaker 2>vomiting sickness. Anyways, let it ripen and then cook it

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<v Speaker 2>with cod, and it's just supposed to be heaven on earth. Now.

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<v Speaker 2>Stephen's book The Aqi Tree has cipia toned photographs of

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<v Speaker 2>his ancestors and the silhouett of this tree behind them.

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<v Speaker 2>And he told me that his first book was narrative fiction,

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<v Speaker 2>based on his family experiences and inspired by books like

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<v Speaker 2>Alex Haley's Roots, but later he revised it to be

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<v Speaker 2>purely nonfiction.

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<v Speaker 4>It took about ten years to do the research on that,

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<v Speaker 4>and my whole goal when I first started out was

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<v Speaker 4>just to learn about my family on both my sides,

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<v Speaker 4>my father and mother's side. I wasn't trying to like

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<v Speaker 4>go all the way to to Africa or anything like that,

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<v Speaker 4>just learning about the family. But every time I would

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<v Speaker 4>go further back in history, I kept getting excited. I'm like,

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<v Speaker 4>how far back can I go? Yeah, this is getting

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<v Speaker 4>to be interesting now. I mean because as we all know,

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<v Speaker 4>you know, Abraham Lincoln he ended slavery. We know that

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<v Speaker 4>in eighteen sixty five or eighteen sixty three. Some say

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<v Speaker 4>because the Emtancipation Proclamation, And like I had mentioned here earlier,

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<v Speaker 4>I found my parents or my great grandparents on the

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<v Speaker 4>eighteen seventies. That was the first time ali that African

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<v Speaker 4>Americans were listed on a federal census for the first

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<v Speaker 4>time as far as everyone, because it was five years

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<v Speaker 4>after the end of the Civil War, and so now

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<v Speaker 4>everyone was just you know, a regular citizen, you know,

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<v Speaker 4>the way it was supposed to be. So, but if

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<v Speaker 4>you want to go further back eighteen sixty well then

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<v Speaker 4>you're going back into the old system of things. You know,

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<v Speaker 4>when the South was at its peak and the cotton

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<v Speaker 4>was king and all that. So eighteen sixty that's when

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<v Speaker 4>you really get into the struggle of trying to identify

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<v Speaker 4>who your parents are and your ancestors. I should say, now,

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<v Speaker 4>for some people, they have what they call free people

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<v Speaker 4>of color. I learned about that as I became a genealogist.

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<v Speaker 4>There were some people who had the designation of they

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<v Speaker 4>were a free person of color, meaning they were emancipated

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<v Speaker 4>or they were set free a long time ago, maybe

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<v Speaker 4>eighteen hundreds, and their family just were free all the

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<v Speaker 4>way up and right through the Civil War everything. They

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<v Speaker 4>were just cruising and they were free. And so they

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<v Speaker 4>never had that problem of being found on the census

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<v Speaker 4>record because their family had always been free.

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<v Speaker 2>Free people of color by the bye or heard to

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<v Speaker 2>as free people of color, and just the distinction is

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<v Speaker 2>a very painful reminder that they were the exception and

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<v Speaker 2>not the rule. Stephen explored the beginnings of the laws

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<v Speaker 2>that would shape and scar the nation for the last

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<v Speaker 2>four hundred years in his book sixteen nineteen twenty Africans

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<v Speaker 2>their story and discovery of their black, red, and white descendants.

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<v Speaker 4>But in Hampton, Virginia, there was a little ship that

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<v Speaker 4>came in in August of sixteen nineteen and had had

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<v Speaker 4>twenty Africans on it and they were taken off of

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<v Speaker 4>a of a slave ship that was heading to Mexico

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<v Speaker 4>Vera Cruz, Mexico and some pirates attacked the ship and

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<v Speaker 4>took about fifty Africans off off of the slave ship.

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<v Speaker 4>This true story, and twenty of them came to the

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<v Speaker 4>coast of Virginia Hampton, Virginia and they let them go.

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<v Speaker 4>They traded them for food and long story short, I

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<v Speaker 4>did this book based on this and DNA is so

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<v Speaker 4>interesting now too. Everyone is taking a DNA test trying

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<v Speaker 4>to find out about their ancestry. You know, we have

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<v Speaker 4>TV shows about it.

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<v Speaker 2>Please see Finding Your Roots, Genealogy, road show, Faces of

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<v Speaker 2>America and Who Do You Think You Are? The latter

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<v Speaker 2>of which fun fact is produced by Lisa Kudro aka

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<v Speaker 2>Phoebe from Friends and she even did an episode on

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<v Speaker 2>Courtney Cox and See and she was hoping that you know,

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<v Speaker 2>her family were good people and knowing like murdered anyone.

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<v Speaker 1>And it turns out her ancestors murdered the King of England.

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<v Speaker 2>I looked into this further and a red hot poker

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<v Speaker 2>may have been involved. But we don't need to go

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<v Speaker 2>into it anyway. Part of discovering one's genealogy is facing that,

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<v Speaker 2>guess what, just because they're your ancestors doesn't mean that

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<v Speaker 2>they're the protagonist of the story. So it's easy as

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<v Speaker 2>a white person to think that, say, Black History Month

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<v Speaker 2>doesn't involve you, But if you live in America, it does.

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<v Speaker 2>It involves all of us. And with knowledge comes context,

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<v Speaker 2>and with context comes understanding, and DNA tests are expanding

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<v Speaker 2>that knowledge more and more.

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<v Speaker 4>It's just phenomenal. And so I took my DNA test

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<v Speaker 4>and come to find out that I have some connections

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<v Speaker 4>to these first Africans. So that's what this latest book

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<v Speaker 4>is about. And so the further you go back in time,

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<v Speaker 4>it just gets harder and harder to locate your family.

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<v Speaker 4>If you were, if you're you know, if your ancestry

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<v Speaker 4>or your inheritance was slavery. But it can be done.

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<v Speaker 4>It can be done.

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<v Speaker 2>And I'd love to hear more about your personal family

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<v Speaker 2>discovery and what that was like for you when you

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<v Speaker 2>were tracing your genealogy, trasing your family history and you

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<v Speaker 2>made that discovery that you had obviously relatives who were

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<v Speaker 2>slaves in the South, what was that like for you?

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<v Speaker 4>Wow, Yeah, to connect it was amazing. I interviewed so

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<v Speaker 4>many different relatives, so many different cousins. Most of my

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<v Speaker 4>father's side had passed away, but my mom's was still around.

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<v Speaker 4>But it was just amazing just interviewing people. But then,

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<v Speaker 4>as we mentioned earlier, we didn't have the Internet back

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<v Speaker 4>in those days, so you can't just get on Google

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<v Speaker 4>and you know, type in a web search and click

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<v Speaker 4>on a document and you know, print out your family tree.

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<v Speaker 4>It doesn't work that way. So I had to travel around.

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<v Speaker 4>I didn't go fly, but I would get on the

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<v Speaker 4>ground bus and I would just travel to Mississippi to Kansas.

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<v Speaker 4>I went to Virginia, South Carolina, just interviewing people, going

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<v Speaker 4>to courthouses. And I'll never forget this day, Alli, September

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<v Speaker 4>twenty second, nineteen ninety four. I'll never forget that day.

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<v Speaker 4>That was the day that I took a trip down

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<v Speaker 4>to Duck Hill, Mississippi, to meet the great granddaughter of

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<v Speaker 4>the man who my ancestors worked for. It was deep. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 4>We corresponded over the phone and she said she'd be

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<v Speaker 4>happy to meet me her and her husband, and I

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<v Speaker 4>told her about my book and that I'm trying to

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<v Speaker 4>write this information. I'm trying to research my family, and

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<v Speaker 4>I just would like to know where my ancestors lived

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<v Speaker 4>and where they worked at and the land and just

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<v Speaker 4>everything about it. I just wanted to breathe it, touch it,

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<v Speaker 4>smell it whatever. I wanted to get down there and

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<v Speaker 4>see that. She says, come on down. You just let

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<v Speaker 4>us know when you're come in and we'll meet you.

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<v Speaker 4>So I planned my trip went down there in September

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<v Speaker 4>nineteen ninety four, and we met at the local bank there.

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<v Speaker 4>It's a little small town and we just embraced, and

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<v Speaker 4>we just embraced and we just made a really deep connection.

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<v Speaker 4>We're still friends to this day. Well actually her son

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<v Speaker 4>and his wife are friends with me because she's now

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<v Speaker 4>passed on. She was about seventy five years old in

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<v Speaker 4>nineteen ninety four. But she just opened her arms and

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<v Speaker 4>we just I had to rent a car and I

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<v Speaker 4>drove up from Jackson, Mississippi, rented a car, drove up

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<v Speaker 4>the Interstate fifty five and got into town there and

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<v Speaker 4>she hopped into my car. She didn't know me from

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<v Speaker 4>Adam the first time we met, you know, she hopped

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<v Speaker 4>into the passenger side and she her daughter drove her

415
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<v Speaker 4>up there, and she tells her daughter, Okay, i'll see

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<v Speaker 4>you later on today, goodbye bye. She she's that confident

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00:23:58.599 --> 00:24:00.880
<v Speaker 4>to get into the car with me. A total strange

418
00:24:01.440 --> 00:24:04.039
<v Speaker 4>but that's the connection we had that day. It was amazing.

419
00:24:04.119 --> 00:24:06.519
<v Speaker 4>It's amazing. I'll never forget it. And she took me

420
00:24:06.559 --> 00:24:09.359
<v Speaker 4>to the old family site, the old plantation home that

421
00:24:10.160 --> 00:24:13.680
<v Speaker 4>her great grandfather lived in, and she took me to

422
00:24:13.680 --> 00:24:17.319
<v Speaker 4>the family cemetery, and some of my ancestors were buried

423
00:24:17.319 --> 00:24:20.200
<v Speaker 4>in her family cemetery. It was it was just amazing,

424
00:24:20.599 --> 00:24:21.960
<v Speaker 4>and yeah.

425
00:24:22.160 --> 00:24:25.240
<v Speaker 2>Just side out. I was casually fully crying in my

426
00:24:25.440 --> 00:24:26.920
<v Speaker 2>recording closet at this point.

427
00:24:27.039 --> 00:24:29.119
<v Speaker 4>I just was taking notes the whole time. And that

428
00:24:29.279 --> 00:24:31.799
<v Speaker 4>was a turning point, and that just broke through to

429
00:24:31.880 --> 00:24:35.599
<v Speaker 4>finding another generation of my family. And long story short,

430
00:24:36.279 --> 00:24:38.279
<v Speaker 4>ALLI went by the time I was said, and then

431
00:24:38.599 --> 00:24:40.359
<v Speaker 4>I was able to work my way all the way

432
00:24:40.359 --> 00:24:43.519
<v Speaker 4>from starting in nineteen twenty and went all the way

433
00:24:43.519 --> 00:24:47.400
<v Speaker 4>back to like the seventeen hundreds, oh, my seventeen thirties. Yeah,

434
00:24:47.519 --> 00:24:49.920
<v Speaker 4>I couldn't believe. I had no idea that I could

435
00:24:49.920 --> 00:24:53.400
<v Speaker 4>go that far back, but I had paper documents from

436
00:24:53.440 --> 00:24:58.720
<v Speaker 4>the courthouses and estate records that I just followed the

437
00:24:58.720 --> 00:25:01.599
<v Speaker 4>paper trail, you know, you know, Perry Mason and Charlocke

438
00:25:01.599 --> 00:25:03.839
<v Speaker 4>Holmes followed the paper trail.

439
00:25:04.079 --> 00:25:08.559
<v Speaker 2>I heard you had a reputation for resourcefulness. So Stephen

440
00:25:08.640 --> 00:25:11.720
<v Speaker 2>followed those clues and it led him to Virginia in

441
00:25:11.759 --> 00:25:16.359
<v Speaker 2>the seventeen thirties and an archived estate inventory.

442
00:25:16.599 --> 00:25:19.079
<v Speaker 4>You know, when somebody dies, they have to do an

443
00:25:19.200 --> 00:25:24.200
<v Speaker 4>estate inventory of all your property. And they did that

444
00:25:24.240 --> 00:25:27.000
<v Speaker 4>back then too, nothing, you know, pretty much the same.

445
00:25:27.079 --> 00:25:32.920
<v Speaker 4>And so this person's plantation home that this paper trail

446
00:25:33.440 --> 00:25:38.319
<v Speaker 4>pointing me to. His name was Colonel George Eskridge, and

447
00:25:39.880 --> 00:25:44.799
<v Speaker 4>he had Africans that were working on his He had

448
00:25:44.799 --> 00:25:48.319
<v Speaker 4>a tobacco plantation. Tobacco was the main crop, I guess

449
00:25:48.359 --> 00:25:51.279
<v Speaker 4>at that time. And he had on his estate inventory

450
00:25:51.319 --> 00:25:55.039
<v Speaker 4>when he died, he died in seventeen thirty five, they

451
00:25:55.039 --> 00:25:57.720
<v Speaker 4>had to do a state inventory of all his belongings,

452
00:25:57.839 --> 00:26:01.200
<v Speaker 4>and of course, unfortunately they listed you know, you know,

453
00:26:01.359 --> 00:26:04.200
<v Speaker 4>human beings, this property of human beings. We get that,

454
00:26:04.319 --> 00:26:07.200
<v Speaker 4>you know, that's how they did. But they were African names.

455
00:26:07.240 --> 00:26:10.720
<v Speaker 4>When I looked on the on theory, they were African names.

456
00:26:10.720 --> 00:26:13.559
<v Speaker 4>I couldn't believe it, and so through a little bit

457
00:26:13.559 --> 00:26:16.000
<v Speaker 4>of more research, I was able to identify one of them,

458
00:26:16.880 --> 00:26:20.920
<v Speaker 4>and it was just it was just amazing. It's just amazing.

459
00:26:20.960 --> 00:26:24.160
<v Speaker 2>You've had a long history of going into you know,

460
00:26:24.359 --> 00:26:29.799
<v Speaker 2>musty bookshelves and microfesion, all the way up to internet

461
00:26:30.079 --> 00:26:36.880
<v Speaker 2>into DNA tests and you know, genealogy. The field expands,

462
00:26:37.079 --> 00:26:40.240
<v Speaker 2>it seems like, you know, every year with technology. And

463
00:26:40.880 --> 00:26:43.359
<v Speaker 2>on one hand, you know, we learned that we're literally

464
00:26:43.400 --> 00:26:46.799
<v Speaker 2>like all related, but on the other it uncovers some

465
00:26:46.839 --> 00:26:50.960
<v Speaker 2>really painful truths about our histories and about slavery and

466
00:26:51.039 --> 00:26:57.319
<v Speaker 2>about colonialism. How do you feel as a genealogist that

467
00:26:57.680 --> 00:27:01.119
<v Speaker 2>can affect us emotion only? Do you think that can

468
00:27:01.559 --> 00:27:03.720
<v Speaker 2>bring up pain or do you think it can help

469
00:27:03.920 --> 00:27:05.680
<v Speaker 2>heal something? Or is it empowering?

470
00:27:06.559 --> 00:27:11.640
<v Speaker 4>I think that I think that initially it does cause

471
00:27:11.680 --> 00:27:16.240
<v Speaker 4>a little bit of pain and uncomfortableness because for some reason,

472
00:27:16.400 --> 00:27:21.200
<v Speaker 4>in our country of you know, America, the United States

473
00:27:21.200 --> 00:27:25.240
<v Speaker 4>of America, I don't think we've fully ever grappled with

474
00:27:25.559 --> 00:27:31.000
<v Speaker 4>what happened after eighteen sixty five. I don't think we

475
00:27:31.079 --> 00:27:36.640
<v Speaker 4>ever really had any discussions about race, and you know

476
00:27:37.359 --> 00:27:40.400
<v Speaker 4>that topic I just don't think we ever really dealt

477
00:27:40.440 --> 00:27:42.640
<v Speaker 4>with it, and because there were so many things that

478
00:27:42.720 --> 00:27:46.319
<v Speaker 4>came on right after, you know, okay, slavery endered everybody's

479
00:27:46.319 --> 00:27:49.960
<v Speaker 4>celebrating Da da Da, and then boom, we had a

480
00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:51.920
<v Speaker 4>whole set of other problems that came right after that,

481
00:27:52.039 --> 00:27:55.440
<v Speaker 4>you know, with Jim Crow and segregation and you know,

482
00:27:55.480 --> 00:27:57.519
<v Speaker 4>the K K K and on and on and on

483
00:27:57.519 --> 00:28:00.000
<v Speaker 4>and on, and so we never really dealt with it,

484
00:28:00.119 --> 00:28:02.839
<v Speaker 4>and so I kind of look at it like this here.

485
00:28:03.079 --> 00:28:06.880
<v Speaker 4>It's just like a person that's maybe has an addiction,

486
00:28:07.720 --> 00:28:11.920
<v Speaker 4>you know, maybe have an addiction with alcohol or drug

487
00:28:11.960 --> 00:28:16.920
<v Speaker 4>addiction or whatever it is. The first step is acknowledging

488
00:28:17.720 --> 00:28:21.079
<v Speaker 4>that you have a problem, and then you discuss it

489
00:28:21.079 --> 00:28:24.200
<v Speaker 4>with someone and you try to get help. And the

490
00:28:24.200 --> 00:28:26.920
<v Speaker 4>more you discuss it and you acknowledge it, it starts

491
00:28:26.920 --> 00:28:28.680
<v Speaker 4>to heal you and you start to feel better.

492
00:28:28.880 --> 00:28:33.240
<v Speaker 2>Stephen notes that South Africa's post apartheid public hearings held

493
00:28:33.240 --> 00:28:36.240
<v Speaker 2>by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which it was then called,

494
00:28:36.680 --> 00:28:40.519
<v Speaker 2>allowed victims of abuses and violence to speak out and

495
00:28:40.680 --> 00:28:44.799
<v Speaker 2>explain the physical and emotional impacts of apartheid, and it

496
00:28:44.839 --> 00:28:48.279
<v Speaker 2>also gave those who perpetrated violence a chance to ask

497
00:28:48.319 --> 00:28:51.240
<v Speaker 2>for amnesty and forgiveness. Stephen thinks that having a similar

498
00:28:51.279 --> 00:28:55.400
<v Speaker 2>healing process in America could lead to better understanding, compassion

499
00:28:55.640 --> 00:28:56.160
<v Speaker 2>and healing.

500
00:28:56.759 --> 00:29:00.920
<v Speaker 4>If you study your roots and you find that you

501
00:29:00.960 --> 00:29:03.880
<v Speaker 4>have people that are in your family that are of

502
00:29:03.920 --> 00:29:07.200
<v Speaker 4>a different ethnicity or a different culture, embrace it and

503
00:29:07.279 --> 00:29:09.279
<v Speaker 4>get to know who they are, reach out to them

504
00:29:09.759 --> 00:29:13.680
<v Speaker 4>and introduce yourself, and you know because they're your family.

505
00:29:13.759 --> 00:29:16.880
<v Speaker 4>You know they're your family. And the DNA test that's

506
00:29:16.960 --> 00:29:19.279
<v Speaker 4>so popular now that people are finding that out more

507
00:29:19.319 --> 00:29:22.880
<v Speaker 4>and more that we're all so more closely connected than

508
00:29:22.880 --> 00:29:26.279
<v Speaker 4>we ever have been, because we're all related. Really when

509
00:29:26.319 --> 00:29:29.039
<v Speaker 4>you look at it, you know, and so it is

510
00:29:29.119 --> 00:29:33.119
<v Speaker 4>painful at first, but just acknowledging that we had a problem,

511
00:29:33.160 --> 00:29:36.680
<v Speaker 4>but that we want to move forward and just be

512
00:29:36.680 --> 00:29:41.480
<v Speaker 4>be in peace. And that's one thing about doing genealogy

513
00:29:41.519 --> 00:29:44.920
<v Speaker 4>for me is that I have to look at it.

514
00:29:44.920 --> 00:29:47.599
<v Speaker 4>It is a little emotional sometimes, but I have to

515
00:29:47.640 --> 00:29:51.359
<v Speaker 4>put that aside and put that on one little compartment

516
00:29:52.079 --> 00:29:54.960
<v Speaker 4>and look at it from the perspective of this is history,

517
00:29:55.440 --> 00:29:57.160
<v Speaker 4>and I want to learn about history. I want to

518
00:29:57.240 --> 00:30:00.599
<v Speaker 4>learn about people. And because we're all the same, and

519
00:30:00.680 --> 00:30:03.359
<v Speaker 4>so if we do that, you know we're going to

520
00:30:03.440 --> 00:30:05.000
<v Speaker 4>We're going to do fine. We're going to be fine.

521
00:30:05.160 --> 00:30:05.920
<v Speaker 4>The time.

522
00:30:07.599 --> 00:30:11.319
<v Speaker 2>Has come. How has the advent of you know, consumer

523
00:30:11.400 --> 00:30:14.440
<v Speaker 2>DNA tests changed what you do and how you research.

524
00:30:14.599 --> 00:30:17.000
<v Speaker 4>It's very interesting. It's a very interesting question. When I

525
00:30:17.039 --> 00:30:19.119
<v Speaker 4>first took the test and got the results back and

526
00:30:20.319 --> 00:30:22.240
<v Speaker 4>all these I had, like about I think it was

527
00:30:22.279 --> 00:30:27.359
<v Speaker 4>like two thousand, at least about two thousand connections of

528
00:30:27.400 --> 00:30:29.759
<v Speaker 4>people that were related to me. And they did it

529
00:30:29.799 --> 00:30:34.559
<v Speaker 4>from obviously from the highest ratio down to the lowest ratio,

530
00:30:34.920 --> 00:30:37.200
<v Speaker 4>and so I could look at my top twenty, you know,

531
00:30:37.599 --> 00:30:39.599
<v Speaker 4>and say, wow, these are really close to me.

532
00:30:39.960 --> 00:30:43.079
<v Speaker 2>So Stephen has taken two DNA tests, and his father

533
00:30:43.240 --> 00:30:45.960
<v Speaker 2>before he passed away, also took one, and their raw

534
00:30:46.119 --> 00:30:49.319
<v Speaker 2>data led them to the Skridge family name he was

535
00:30:49.359 --> 00:30:52.839
<v Speaker 2>already familiar with, which validated the technology for him. He

536
00:30:52.920 --> 00:30:56.880
<v Speaker 2>was like, oh, this works, but sometimes results might surprise you.

537
00:30:57.279 --> 00:31:02.039
<v Speaker 2>Turns out that iconic Lizzo's iconic te with Hurt's genealogical ripper.

538
00:31:02.640 --> 00:31:03.319
<v Speaker 2>I just took a.

539
00:31:03.440 --> 00:31:07.799
<v Speaker 4>DNA test times out I'm one hundred percent that it's.

540
00:31:07.880 --> 00:31:11.680
<v Speaker 2>One hundred percent her brainchild. So a London musician with

541
00:31:11.759 --> 00:31:15.599
<v Speaker 2>the handle Mina Linus tweeted that exact line in February

542
00:31:15.599 --> 00:31:18.200
<v Speaker 2>twenty seventeen, and then it became a meme and Lizo

543
00:31:18.359 --> 00:31:20.599
<v Speaker 2>liked the meme. She tossed it in a song and

544
00:31:20.640 --> 00:31:23.240
<v Speaker 2>the original tweeter was like, uh, hello, excuse me, Lizzo,

545
00:31:23.400 --> 00:31:27.079
<v Speaker 2>that is my DNA joke, and some legal things ensued,

546
00:31:27.359 --> 00:31:30.720
<v Speaker 2>but fences have been mended. And fast forward to October

547
00:31:30.720 --> 00:31:33.960
<v Speaker 2>when Mina tweeted out quote, I just took a DNA test.

548
00:31:34.160 --> 00:31:36.680
<v Speaker 2>Turns out I'm a credited writer for the number one

549
00:31:36.720 --> 00:31:39.200
<v Speaker 2>song on Billboard. All's well, that ends well, and.

550
00:31:39.119 --> 00:31:42.680
<v Speaker 4>I'm getting ready to take another DNA test. Hear shortly

551
00:31:42.759 --> 00:31:47.799
<v Speaker 4>because there are so many companies out there and people

552
00:31:48.680 --> 00:31:50.640
<v Speaker 4>are choosing what companies they want to do it with.

553
00:31:50.799 --> 00:31:54.160
<v Speaker 4>So either my cousins haven't taken the test on the

554
00:31:54.160 --> 00:31:59.200
<v Speaker 4>companies that I took it with, or they haven't taken

555
00:31:59.240 --> 00:32:02.519
<v Speaker 4>one at all. Or it could mean that my family

556
00:32:02.559 --> 00:32:06.680
<v Speaker 4>that I thought was my family, maybe they weren't my family.

557
00:32:06.759 --> 00:32:07.000
<v Speaker 2>You know.

558
00:32:07.640 --> 00:32:08.400
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, never know.

559
00:32:08.559 --> 00:32:10.400
<v Speaker 2>If you take a DNA test you're twenty three and

560
00:32:10.480 --> 00:32:12.799
<v Speaker 2>me say, but then you have relatives who have taken

561
00:32:12.839 --> 00:32:15.440
<v Speaker 2>it through like Ancestry. Does that mean that you just

562
00:32:15.559 --> 00:32:19.799
<v Speaker 2>might be like not connecting because you're using different companies.

563
00:32:19.480 --> 00:32:22.519
<v Speaker 4>Exactly exactly, And that's the point is that I want

564
00:32:22.599 --> 00:32:26.279
<v Speaker 4>to take another test through another company. Actually, I do

565
00:32:26.319 --> 00:32:29.279
<v Speaker 4>want to take it through Ancestry because I think that

566
00:32:29.359 --> 00:32:31.319
<v Speaker 4>a lot of more of my family. In fact, I

567
00:32:31.400 --> 00:32:34.480
<v Speaker 4>know I've heard that more of my cousins are taking

568
00:32:34.839 --> 00:32:38.200
<v Speaker 4>on the Ancestry one. So I want to get on

569
00:32:38.279 --> 00:32:40.599
<v Speaker 4>board and just see how I line up with that.

570
00:32:40.759 --> 00:32:43.559
<v Speaker 4>So at twenty three and me it's a great company.

571
00:32:43.599 --> 00:32:47.240
<v Speaker 4>I've gotten a lot of good hits and connections with that.

572
00:32:47.240 --> 00:32:50.519
<v Speaker 4>That did validate that that this DNA stuff is for

573
00:32:50.599 --> 00:32:54.519
<v Speaker 4>real because I did know their names and they did

574
00:32:54.519 --> 00:32:56.880
<v Speaker 4>show up, and they're on my mother's side, but not

575
00:32:57.039 --> 00:32:58.200
<v Speaker 4>on my father's side showed up.

576
00:32:58.279 --> 00:33:01.640
<v Speaker 2>How does that work? And I might have to look

577
00:33:01.680 --> 00:33:03.119
<v Speaker 2>this up, But how does that work with like the

578
00:33:03.200 --> 00:33:07.680
<v Speaker 2>mitochondrial eve and things coming down from the X chromosomes?

579
00:33:07.720 --> 00:33:09.680
<v Speaker 2>Like do we tend to find out more about our

580
00:33:10.079 --> 00:33:12.680
<v Speaker 2>our maternal sides when we take DNA tests than we

581
00:33:12.720 --> 00:33:17.160
<v Speaker 2>do Paternal mitochondrial eve side note has become the pop

582
00:33:17.240 --> 00:33:21.359
<v Speaker 2>cultural name of the most recent known maternal ancestor that

583
00:33:21.400 --> 00:33:24.720
<v Speaker 2>we all share. Because mitochondrial DNA is only passed on

584
00:33:24.759 --> 00:33:28.960
<v Speaker 2>through maternal lineage. Scientists do not love this biblical name,

585
00:33:29.240 --> 00:33:32.799
<v Speaker 2>as it's misleading from a narrative standpoint. Let's say, but

586
00:33:33.039 --> 00:33:37.400
<v Speaker 2>this mitochondrial eve is what's called an mrca most recent

587
00:33:37.559 --> 00:33:42.440
<v Speaker 2>common ancestor, and she can vary depending on genetic discoveries.

588
00:33:42.440 --> 00:33:44.960
<v Speaker 2>So if a more recent common ancestor lineage is discovered,

589
00:33:44.960 --> 00:33:48.920
<v Speaker 2>for example, it's a different mitochondrial eve, but yes, all related,

590
00:33:49.079 --> 00:33:50.200
<v Speaker 2>all of us wild.

591
00:33:50.559 --> 00:33:53.960
<v Speaker 4>For a female that wants to do genealogy and using

592
00:33:54.720 --> 00:33:59.519
<v Speaker 4>the DNA tool, in order for them to learn more

593
00:33:59.559 --> 00:34:04.519
<v Speaker 4>about their their father's side, they need to try to

594
00:34:04.559 --> 00:34:07.359
<v Speaker 4>see if they have a brother they can take the test,

595
00:34:07.640 --> 00:34:12.039
<v Speaker 4>or their father or an uncle, you know, anyone on

596
00:34:12.079 --> 00:34:13.519
<v Speaker 4>the paternal side.

597
00:34:13.559 --> 00:34:16.079
<v Speaker 2>This side note is called a Y chromosome test, and

598
00:34:16.119 --> 00:34:19.440
<v Speaker 2>it's helpful to figure out, say, if two families with

599
00:34:19.480 --> 00:34:25.119
<v Speaker 2>the same surname are indeed genetic relatives. So ladies, surprise

600
00:34:25.159 --> 00:34:27.239
<v Speaker 2>your dad or brother with a DNA test. It's a

601
00:34:27.400 --> 00:34:30.760
<v Speaker 2>gift that just keeps giving you information. And then of

602
00:34:30.800 --> 00:34:34.559
<v Speaker 2>course there's the mitochondrial DNA test you can do. Everyone

603
00:34:34.639 --> 00:34:38.159
<v Speaker 2>has their mom's mitochondrial DNA, and this is helpful because

604
00:34:38.400 --> 00:34:42.679
<v Speaker 2>historically women's history can be erased or at least very

605
00:34:42.880 --> 00:34:47.280
<v Speaker 2>illegibly smudged by the taking of surnames. More on that later. Oh,

606
00:34:47.320 --> 00:34:52.199
<v Speaker 2>and you can get single nucleotide polymorphism testing, which scans

607
00:34:52.239 --> 00:34:56.000
<v Speaker 2>your DNA for variations in the CG and AT pairings,

608
00:34:56.320 --> 00:34:59.599
<v Speaker 2>and they'll tell you what traits or diseases or in

609
00:34:59.639 --> 00:35:03.119
<v Speaker 2>some case says parents you might share with folks in

610
00:35:03.159 --> 00:35:03.840
<v Speaker 2>their database.

611
00:35:04.199 --> 00:35:07.760
<v Speaker 4>And that's another thing too about these genealogy the DNA

612
00:35:07.840 --> 00:35:13.599
<v Speaker 4>companies is they're always updating the results. The results get

613
00:35:13.679 --> 00:35:17.519
<v Speaker 4>updated because more and more people are joining them, and

614
00:35:17.559 --> 00:35:20.679
<v Speaker 4>so they're getting more hits. The DNA results keep updating

615
00:35:20.840 --> 00:35:23.119
<v Speaker 4>and you get more and more people that join, and

616
00:35:23.199 --> 00:35:25.280
<v Speaker 4>you get new names that just keep popping up.

617
00:35:25.320 --> 00:35:27.679
<v Speaker 2>And so, hey, that's got to be the best email

618
00:35:27.719 --> 00:35:29.280
<v Speaker 2>to get because I get those from twenty three and

619
00:35:29.320 --> 00:35:31.719
<v Speaker 2>me that'll be like, you have new relatives because my

620
00:35:31.920 --> 00:35:34.480
<v Speaker 2>family's Catholic on both sides, which means there's a million

621
00:35:34.519 --> 00:35:36.119
<v Speaker 2>of us. Oh and you.

622
00:35:36.840 --> 00:35:39.119
<v Speaker 4>Took your task through twenty three.

623
00:35:39.039 --> 00:35:43.039
<v Speaker 2>Yeah I did, And yeah, I have so many relatives

624
00:35:43.039 --> 00:35:45.280
<v Speaker 2>and my dad's one of eleven. My Mom's one of six,

625
00:35:45.360 --> 00:35:48.440
<v Speaker 2>so we got a lot of us out there. But

626
00:35:48.480 --> 00:35:50.880
<v Speaker 2>that's got to be the most exciting email to pop

627
00:35:50.960 --> 00:35:52.920
<v Speaker 2>up in your inboxes that you have new relatives.

628
00:35:53.000 --> 00:35:54.280
<v Speaker 4>Yes, totally, totally.

629
00:35:54.559 --> 00:35:56.039
<v Speaker 2>You've got to be like Jackpot.

630
00:35:57.000 --> 00:35:58.000
<v Speaker 4>Totally yes.

631
00:35:59.079 --> 00:36:01.880
<v Speaker 2>And I actually I I told our listeners that I

632
00:36:01.920 --> 00:36:04.119
<v Speaker 2>was going to be talking to you today and they

633
00:36:04.159 --> 00:36:06.440
<v Speaker 2>sent in questions. Can I ask you some questions from that?

634
00:36:06.880 --> 00:36:07.400
<v Speaker 4>Absolutely?

635
00:36:07.440 --> 00:36:12.159
<v Speaker 2>Okay, great, like literally hundreds of questions. I know everyone's

636
00:36:12.159 --> 00:36:15.880
<v Speaker 2>so excited. Okay, but before we dive into your genealogical queries.

637
00:36:15.960 --> 00:36:18.519
<v Speaker 2>As you know, each episode we donate to a relevant

638
00:36:18.719 --> 00:36:21.800
<v Speaker 2>charity and one that Steven advocates for is Blackpast dot

639
00:36:21.920 --> 00:36:24.920
<v Speaker 2>org and black Past is dedicated to providing a global

640
00:36:24.960 --> 00:36:28.920
<v Speaker 2>audience with reliable and accurate information on the history of

641
00:36:29.000 --> 00:36:32.440
<v Speaker 2>African America and people of African ancestry around the world,

642
00:36:32.599 --> 00:36:35.760
<v Speaker 2>and they aim to promote greater understanding through this knowledge

643
00:36:35.840 --> 00:36:38.719
<v Speaker 2>and to generate constructive change in our society. They have

644
00:36:38.800 --> 00:36:43.559
<v Speaker 2>over six thousand pages of genealogical resources and history available

645
00:36:43.840 --> 00:36:46.800
<v Speaker 2>and again are at Blackpast dot org. So that donation

646
00:36:46.920 --> 00:36:49.039
<v Speaker 2>was made possible by some sponsors of the show, which

647
00:36:49.079 --> 00:36:51.880
<v Speaker 2>you may hear about now get value.

648
00:36:51.880 --> 00:36:54.960
<v Speaker 1>You can't argue with Optesco with their amazing clubcard prices.

649
00:36:55.239 --> 00:36:57.639
<v Speaker 1>Serve up something special with our finest mail deal for

650
00:36:57.719 --> 00:37:00.320
<v Speaker 1>two starring one main, two sides and dessert for only

651
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652
00:37:03.360 --> 00:37:06.280
<v Speaker 1>the strip loin steaks with peppercorn butter or delicious Virus

653
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654
00:37:09.599 --> 00:37:13.280
<v Speaker 1>mix of rainbow root vegetables and enjoy Goozillionaire or Saltier

655
00:37:13.360 --> 00:37:16.480
<v Speaker 1>caramel cheesecake. Can't argue with that shop in store or

656
00:37:16.559 --> 00:37:20.239
<v Speaker 1>online Tesco. Every little helps available the most stores, prices

657
00:37:20.320 --> 00:37:21.280
<v Speaker 1>very in express.

658
00:37:22.119 --> 00:37:24.920
<v Speaker 2>Okay, let's hop into your questions and so let's see

659
00:37:25.119 --> 00:37:29.159
<v Speaker 2>first patroon question. This was asked by Rachel Kasha, Jennifer

660
00:37:29.199 --> 00:37:32.960
<v Speaker 2>Tran and first time question asker Danielle Levoy. I asked

661
00:37:33.079 --> 00:37:37.440
<v Speaker 2>what's the deal with second cousins versus first cousins? Once removed?

662
00:37:37.920 --> 00:37:40.400
<v Speaker 2>Rachel Kasha says, the whole once removed hurts my brain

663
00:37:40.440 --> 00:37:43.239
<v Speaker 2>and I don't understand what does that mean?

664
00:37:43.440 --> 00:37:47.400
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, wow, that's a good question. Well, I'll take the

665
00:37:47.480 --> 00:37:52.599
<v Speaker 4>first part because that's easier. Okay, the second cousins would

666
00:37:52.639 --> 00:37:57.079
<v Speaker 4>be like your you have your first cousin, like say

667
00:37:57.159 --> 00:38:02.039
<v Speaker 4>you have your mother, how's a sister or which would

668
00:38:02.079 --> 00:38:06.159
<v Speaker 4>be your aunt? And your aunt has children and those

669
00:38:06.239 --> 00:38:10.440
<v Speaker 4>children would be your first cousins cousins twice removed and

670
00:38:10.480 --> 00:38:12.920
<v Speaker 4>all that. I'm still trying to wrap my head around

671
00:38:12.960 --> 00:38:14.599
<v Speaker 4>there that.

672
00:38:16.440 --> 00:38:20.199
<v Speaker 2>If a genealogist who's some like published several books and

673
00:38:20.480 --> 00:38:23.480
<v Speaker 2>is like a consultant for PBS shows, does it quite

674
00:38:23.480 --> 00:38:27.480
<v Speaker 2>get it? That makes me feel so much better. Yeah, okay,

675
00:38:27.519 --> 00:38:29.480
<v Speaker 2>side note, I looked up a float chart for this,

676
00:38:29.679 --> 00:38:31.840
<v Speaker 2>and my soul hurt, but I think I got it.

677
00:38:32.000 --> 00:38:38.440
<v Speaker 2>So your first cousin's child is your first cousin once removed,

678
00:38:38.639 --> 00:38:43.400
<v Speaker 2>So your first cousin's kids kids are first cousins twice removed.

679
00:38:43.599 --> 00:38:48.440
<v Speaker 2>So removed is in regard to generations. So same grandparents,

680
00:38:48.639 --> 00:38:53.079
<v Speaker 2>different generation. Now, your second cousin, according to genealogy dot Com,

681
00:38:53.119 --> 00:38:55.880
<v Speaker 2>is someone who has the same great grandparents as you,

682
00:38:56.239 --> 00:38:59.960
<v Speaker 2>but not the same grandparents. So third cousins have this

683
00:39:00.119 --> 00:39:03.719
<v Speaker 2>same great great grandparents. Fourth cousins have the same great

684
00:39:03.760 --> 00:39:07.000
<v Speaker 2>great great grandparents and so on. So that cousin removed

685
00:39:07.119 --> 00:39:12.159
<v Speaker 2>business is about generations on on my Italian side, feuds

686
00:39:12.639 --> 00:39:16.559
<v Speaker 2>blistering family shattering feuds. In my family, my dad's you know,

687
00:39:16.599 --> 00:39:20.039
<v Speaker 2>one of eleven, and then each of those siblings have

688
00:39:20.079 --> 00:39:22.559
<v Speaker 2>a lot of kids and we just resort to levels

689
00:39:22.599 --> 00:39:25.320
<v Speaker 2>like my grandparents are level one, my dad's a level two.

690
00:39:25.599 --> 00:39:28.119
<v Speaker 2>That makes me a level three if I have kids.

691
00:39:28.159 --> 00:39:32.199
<v Speaker 2>And so when are family reunions which are like ginormous

692
00:39:32.559 --> 00:39:35.400
<v Speaker 2>literally different colored t shirts, so you know who's a

693
00:39:35.480 --> 00:39:37.960
<v Speaker 2>level two and you're like, whose kid is that? And

694
00:39:38.000 --> 00:39:39.400
<v Speaker 2>you're like, I don't know. They're in a yellow shirt.

695
00:39:39.599 --> 00:39:42.079
<v Speaker 2>They're level four. So it helps us a lot of

696
00:39:42.119 --> 00:39:46.239
<v Speaker 2>people wanted to know about the reliability of sites, like Ancestry,

697
00:39:47.519 --> 00:39:50.000
<v Speaker 2>Maggie Fraser, who's the first time question asker wants to

698
00:39:50.039 --> 00:39:57.239
<v Speaker 2>know about reliability, Michelle Miner, Lisa m Kendall, Burnell, Jesse Cole,

699
00:39:57.480 --> 00:40:00.920
<v Speaker 2>Bennett Garber who's also a first time question asker, Danna

700
00:40:01.000 --> 00:40:03.960
<v Speaker 2>jan and Hannah h They all kind of want to

701
00:40:04.000 --> 00:40:09.960
<v Speaker 2>know can we rely on these Yes? Yeah, cool, good question.

702
00:40:10.159 --> 00:40:13.840
<v Speaker 4>Very good question. Yeah. I have heard of different comments

703
00:40:13.840 --> 00:40:16.960
<v Speaker 4>about different companies and you definitely want to do your

704
00:40:16.960 --> 00:40:22.480
<v Speaker 4>research and you know, know which company, whatever company you

705
00:40:22.559 --> 00:40:24.440
<v Speaker 4>choose to go with, you know a little bit about

706
00:40:25.960 --> 00:40:28.679
<v Speaker 4>their ratings and how they're doing, how the people feel

707
00:40:28.719 --> 00:40:32.400
<v Speaker 4>about them. And I've heard some things about ancestry pros

708
00:40:32.440 --> 00:40:39.079
<v Speaker 4>and cons, So I have heard that. I don't know

709
00:40:39.119 --> 00:40:40.719
<v Speaker 4>if it's true or not, but I'm going to find

710
00:40:40.719 --> 00:40:43.320
<v Speaker 4>out because I'm getting ready to take my tests with ancestry,

711
00:40:43.360 --> 00:40:45.800
<v Speaker 4>so I will know. But I have heard that they

712
00:40:45.840 --> 00:40:49.559
<v Speaker 4>ask you different questions about, you know, putting in a profile,

713
00:40:50.079 --> 00:40:52.159
<v Speaker 4>and so you start putting in names like well, this

714
00:40:52.239 --> 00:40:54.800
<v Speaker 4>is my grandfather, this is my grandmother, my great grandfather,

715
00:40:54.840 --> 00:40:57.119
<v Speaker 4>and boom boom boom, he was born in Maryland or

716
00:40:57.360 --> 00:41:01.119
<v Speaker 4>you know, Jacksonsissippi, whatever. And if someone else on the

717
00:41:01.159 --> 00:41:03.199
<v Speaker 4>other another part of the country, they go in there

718
00:41:03.199 --> 00:41:06.360
<v Speaker 4>and they if one of their names matches with yours

719
00:41:06.519 --> 00:41:09.000
<v Speaker 4>just on the family tree, not not the DNA part,

720
00:41:09.039 --> 00:41:13.639
<v Speaker 4>but just just the profiles they seem to they'll send

721
00:41:13.679 --> 00:41:16.000
<v Speaker 4>a message back and forth to each other that you

722
00:41:16.079 --> 00:41:18.159
<v Speaker 4>might want to look at this person. This person might

723
00:41:18.280 --> 00:41:22.039
<v Speaker 4>be interested or might be related to you, just by

724
00:41:22.119 --> 00:41:25.360
<v Speaker 4>the names that you put on your profile. And so

725
00:41:26.320 --> 00:41:28.599
<v Speaker 4>that's kind of something that makes you wonder. You be

726
00:41:28.679 --> 00:41:32.280
<v Speaker 4>careful because you may not have been able to fully

727
00:41:32.360 --> 00:41:35.320
<v Speaker 4>established those names that you're putting on your profile, if

728
00:41:35.320 --> 00:41:37.400
<v Speaker 4>they really are truly related to you. I mean, unless

729
00:41:37.400 --> 00:41:40.360
<v Speaker 4>you have concrete proof, no problem. But if you're a

730
00:41:40.360 --> 00:41:43.280
<v Speaker 4>genealogist and you you know, you're doing the family tree

731
00:41:43.280 --> 00:41:45.679
<v Speaker 4>and you've been following the paper trail, you know, the

732
00:41:46.480 --> 00:41:49.920
<v Speaker 4>old school methodology, that's just what it says on paper

733
00:41:49.960 --> 00:41:52.280
<v Speaker 4>that these are your family But how do you really know?

734
00:41:52.440 --> 00:41:55.440
<v Speaker 4>You know, how what if somebody was had a child

735
00:41:55.440 --> 00:41:57.440
<v Speaker 4>out of wedlock? You know, so you know, be be

736
00:41:57.559 --> 00:42:00.840
<v Speaker 4>aware because that could throw you into the wrong direction.

737
00:42:00.960 --> 00:42:04.440
<v Speaker 4>If just because you match another person's profile just based

738
00:42:04.480 --> 00:42:07.519
<v Speaker 4>on the names, yeah, that may not. It may or

739
00:42:07.559 --> 00:42:11.719
<v Speaker 4>may not you know, hold water. But but if you

740
00:42:11.760 --> 00:42:13.920
<v Speaker 4>take the DNA test in your connected, well then then

741
00:42:13.960 --> 00:42:16.119
<v Speaker 4>you have something to work with. But so I kind

742
00:42:16.119 --> 00:42:19.480
<v Speaker 4>of was like, well, if I take this ancestry test,

743
00:42:19.639 --> 00:42:21.480
<v Speaker 4>I'm not going to put any names right yet on

744
00:42:21.559 --> 00:42:24.239
<v Speaker 4>my profile. I'm gonna just wait and see who pops

745
00:42:24.320 --> 00:42:27.360
<v Speaker 4>up first, and then I'll go from there because I

746
00:42:27.400 --> 00:42:30.119
<v Speaker 4>don't want too many people. You know, it might give

747
00:42:30.119 --> 00:42:33.480
<v Speaker 4>me the wrong leads, you know what I'm saying. So yeah,

748
00:42:33.679 --> 00:42:35.920
<v Speaker 4>so yeah, do your research and just kind of know

749
00:42:35.960 --> 00:42:38.800
<v Speaker 4>what company that you're that you choose to go with.

750
00:42:38.639 --> 00:42:41.280
<v Speaker 2>You know, along that line. A lot of listeners like

751
00:42:41.400 --> 00:42:46.480
<v Speaker 2>Aaron jess Lynn, Maria Kumro, and Conchetta Gibson. Jess Lynn

752
00:42:46.519 --> 00:42:49.880
<v Speaker 2>is the first time question ask her. All asked about surnames.

753
00:42:50.320 --> 00:42:50.440
<v Speaker 4>Uh.

754
00:42:51.079 --> 00:42:54.519
<v Speaker 2>Jesslyn asked that there's mentions that there's a lot in Quebec,

755
00:42:54.559 --> 00:42:57.280
<v Speaker 2>Canada that forbids a woman from taking her husband's surname

756
00:42:57.360 --> 00:43:01.559
<v Speaker 2>after marriage, and ask are there any cultures or countries

757
00:43:01.599 --> 00:43:04.480
<v Speaker 2>in which women traditionally don't take their husband's name and

758
00:43:04.519 --> 00:43:07.360
<v Speaker 2>does that ever cause issues when tracing back families.

759
00:43:07.440 --> 00:43:11.719
<v Speaker 4>Oh, yeah, totally. I have heard that too, that there

760
00:43:11.760 --> 00:43:17.239
<v Speaker 4>are some cultures where they it's some maternal line and

761
00:43:15.559 --> 00:43:23.199
<v Speaker 4>the female just goes by her maiden name is the surname. Yeah,

762
00:43:23.280 --> 00:43:27.159
<v Speaker 4>I would say too that that happens. That happens to

763
00:43:27.199 --> 00:43:29.920
<v Speaker 4>be a problem a lot in genealogy, not a problem

764
00:43:29.960 --> 00:43:33.159
<v Speaker 4>that cannot be overcome. And I have come across that

765
00:43:33.280 --> 00:43:36.239
<v Speaker 4>even myself in my own research. Say I find a

766
00:43:36.400 --> 00:43:40.360
<v Speaker 4>person on the census and say her name is Mary Johnson,

767
00:43:40.679 --> 00:43:45.119
<v Speaker 4>just for example. But then if you go and you

768
00:43:45.159 --> 00:43:48.320
<v Speaker 4>read further in the other columns of Mary Johnson's family line.

769
00:43:48.840 --> 00:43:52.400
<v Speaker 4>It says that she's single, but then she has two

770
00:43:52.519 --> 00:43:56.000
<v Speaker 4>or three children in her household enlisted as son, daughter, whatever,

771
00:43:56.119 --> 00:43:59.199
<v Speaker 4>but they are her children. So then you have to

772
00:43:59.199 --> 00:44:02.840
<v Speaker 4>ask yourself the question, she's single, but she has children, okay,

773
00:44:02.920 --> 00:44:07.920
<v Speaker 4>and then the children have different names. And so sometimes

774
00:44:07.960 --> 00:44:10.440
<v Speaker 4>I've had that problem where I'm trying to figure out, well,

775
00:44:10.480 --> 00:44:15.199
<v Speaker 4>Mary Johnson, if I can't find her marriage certificate to

776
00:44:15.360 --> 00:44:20.079
<v Speaker 4>show that these are her children from her husband, I

777
00:44:20.119 --> 00:44:22.679
<v Speaker 4>don't know if she's going if Mary Johnson is her

778
00:44:23.320 --> 00:44:26.559
<v Speaker 4>married name, or if that's her maiden name, And so

779
00:44:26.599 --> 00:44:29.880
<v Speaker 4>that happens sometimes where you have it's a question mark.

780
00:44:29.960 --> 00:44:33.039
<v Speaker 4>That is a really big challenge with genealogy trying to

781
00:44:33.159 --> 00:44:38.320
<v Speaker 4>locate maiden names. And the best thing that most genealogists

782
00:44:38.360 --> 00:44:41.480
<v Speaker 4>are able to do is try to find a married certificate,

783
00:44:42.519 --> 00:44:47.159
<v Speaker 4>and if that doesn't work, then a death certificate sometimes

784
00:44:47.199 --> 00:44:49.239
<v Speaker 4>will show the maiden name. And if you can't find

785
00:44:49.400 --> 00:44:51.719
<v Speaker 4>the marriage or the death certificate, it's going to be

786
00:44:51.760 --> 00:44:52.320
<v Speaker 4>a tough one.

787
00:44:52.679 --> 00:44:55.920
<v Speaker 2>Quick aside. One study showed that in nineteen eighty, ninety

788
00:44:55.960 --> 00:44:59.800
<v Speaker 2>eight point six percent of American women almost ninety nine

789
00:44:59.800 --> 00:45:03.199
<v Speaker 2>percent that took their husband's name after marriage, but that's

790
00:45:03.239 --> 00:45:06.800
<v Speaker 2>declined in recent years to about eighty percent. Now, what

791
00:45:06.920 --> 00:45:10.440
<v Speaker 2>percent of men adopt a new name after marriage these days?

792
00:45:11.719 --> 00:45:14.559
<v Speaker 2>Three percent? So this next tip is a revelation.

793
00:45:15.320 --> 00:45:19.960
<v Speaker 4>The other genealogist rule is look at who's living next door. Oh,

794
00:45:20.119 --> 00:45:23.000
<v Speaker 4>look who's living next door or even a few houses down,

795
00:45:23.400 --> 00:45:27.360
<v Speaker 4>because families tended to stay together. Families tend to stay together,

796
00:45:27.400 --> 00:45:30.559
<v Speaker 4>and so your family that you found on the census

797
00:45:30.599 --> 00:45:33.440
<v Speaker 4>might be living right next door to another family member.

798
00:45:34.079 --> 00:45:36.679
<v Speaker 4>And so it's just amazing when you find that connection

799
00:45:36.840 --> 00:45:39.679
<v Speaker 4>like that. And yeah, I've found that many times. I've

800
00:45:39.920 --> 00:45:42.800
<v Speaker 4>had that discovery and I was like, wow, I've been

801
00:45:42.880 --> 00:45:45.840
<v Speaker 4>I've spent two years trying to locate and here they

802
00:45:45.840 --> 00:45:47.320
<v Speaker 4>were right living right next door.

803
00:45:47.440 --> 00:45:49.599
<v Speaker 2>What were you there the whole time? And that kind

804
00:45:49.639 --> 00:45:51.880
<v Speaker 2>of brings me to a question a lot of people asked.

805
00:45:52.239 --> 00:45:57.960
<v Speaker 2>Anna Thompson, Conchetti, Gibson, Jesse Dragon, Margaret Bacher, Renny Chelsea A.

806
00:45:58.039 --> 00:46:01.440
<v Speaker 2>Leary serageon Horowitz and Larissa Lewis and Chells here both

807
00:46:01.480 --> 00:46:04.239
<v Speaker 2>first time question askers, and Lewis asked what's the best

808
00:46:04.280 --> 00:46:08.320
<v Speaker 2>place to start to actually look into family history? What

809
00:46:08.360 --> 00:46:11.039
<v Speaker 2>are some questions that we should be asking ourselves and

810
00:46:11.079 --> 00:46:13.880
<v Speaker 2>our family and professionals like librarians in order to look

811
00:46:13.920 --> 00:46:14.760
<v Speaker 2>into our history.

812
00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:17.440
<v Speaker 4>Great question, great question, They're all great questions.

813
00:46:17.960 --> 00:46:21.800
<v Speaker 5>And the first Yeah, obviously you're you're, you're listeners, they're

814
00:46:21.800 --> 00:46:25.079
<v Speaker 5>they're they're the best. So yeah, first, yeah, So the

815
00:46:25.159 --> 00:46:27.039
<v Speaker 5>first thing to do when you want to get started

816
00:46:27.039 --> 00:46:33.960
<v Speaker 5>on your genealogy is, you know, ask start assembling your

817
00:46:34.239 --> 00:46:39.039
<v Speaker 5>family tree and ask questions from your family if they're

818
00:46:39.079 --> 00:46:41.159
<v Speaker 5>still living, if your father is still living, or your

819
00:46:41.159 --> 00:46:44.920
<v Speaker 5>mother's still living, or grandparents, whoever's whoever is the most

820
00:46:45.320 --> 00:46:49.159
<v Speaker 5>closest to you that's still alive, even your siblings. Sometimes

821
00:46:49.239 --> 00:46:52.079
<v Speaker 5>your siblings have more of a recollection than you do.

822
00:46:52.199 --> 00:46:54.480
<v Speaker 5>I know sometimes my brother be coming up with stuff

823
00:46:54.559 --> 00:46:56.679
<v Speaker 5>I don't even remember telling me.

824
00:46:56.800 --> 00:46:59.320
<v Speaker 4>Yeah that's all. Wow, I didn't know that. So just

825
00:46:59.360 --> 00:47:01.559
<v Speaker 4>sit down with a pen and paper and just start

826
00:47:02.559 --> 00:47:05.599
<v Speaker 4>making a list on the paternal side, your father's side,

827
00:47:05.599 --> 00:47:09.320
<v Speaker 4>and the maternal side your mother's side, and then just

828
00:47:09.400 --> 00:47:11.880
<v Speaker 4>start going from there. List your parents first, and then

829
00:47:11.960 --> 00:47:15.639
<v Speaker 4>list their parents. Put down where they were born obviously,

830
00:47:15.719 --> 00:47:18.519
<v Speaker 4>if you have that information, where they died, If you

831
00:47:18.519 --> 00:47:20.960
<v Speaker 4>could find the county name of where they were born

832
00:47:21.039 --> 00:47:23.440
<v Speaker 4>or die. That even helps to find out what year

833
00:47:23.480 --> 00:47:27.000
<v Speaker 4>they were married, Like your grandparents, find out how did

834
00:47:27.039 --> 00:47:29.559
<v Speaker 4>they meet each other. That's always been such a fascinating

835
00:47:29.639 --> 00:47:32.440
<v Speaker 4>question to me, is how did the grandparents meet each

836
00:47:32.480 --> 00:47:35.320
<v Speaker 4>other or the great grandparents, how did they meet each other?

837
00:47:35.840 --> 00:47:40.239
<v Speaker 4>Because just because you were born in Chicago, Illinois, and

838
00:47:40.280 --> 00:47:46.159
<v Speaker 4>you died in northerns Louisiana, for example, how did great

839
00:47:46.199 --> 00:47:49.679
<v Speaker 4>grandpa meet great grandma or how did grandma meet grandpa?

840
00:47:50.199 --> 00:47:52.000
<v Speaker 4>You know? And then you find out, oh, they got

841
00:47:52.000 --> 00:47:54.920
<v Speaker 4>married in you know, Atlanta, Georgia, you know, and then

842
00:47:55.000 --> 00:47:59.280
<v Speaker 4>that right exactly, that's the point is what were they

843
00:47:59.360 --> 00:48:02.800
<v Speaker 4>doing there? Was their family there and atlanted So write

844
00:48:02.840 --> 00:48:06.079
<v Speaker 4>all that down where they got married, because those could

845
00:48:06.079 --> 00:48:08.320
<v Speaker 4>be clues later on down the road. They may not

846
00:48:08.440 --> 00:48:11.400
<v Speaker 4>mean anything now, but they might later. And so just

847
00:48:11.679 --> 00:48:14.559
<v Speaker 4>start putting a chart down, father's sign on one side

848
00:48:14.559 --> 00:48:16.679
<v Speaker 4>of the paper, mother's sign on the other side, and

849
00:48:16.800 --> 00:48:19.440
<v Speaker 4>just work your way back on who their grandparents and

850
00:48:19.480 --> 00:48:23.599
<v Speaker 4>great grandparents were, and just list as much as you can,

851
00:48:24.000 --> 00:48:27.159
<v Speaker 4>and then whatever blanks you have, fill in the blanks

852
00:48:27.159 --> 00:48:30.760
<v Speaker 4>by interviewing your relatives and you know, the aunts and

853
00:48:30.800 --> 00:48:34.519
<v Speaker 4>the uncles, and the grandmothers and the grandfathers, and try

854
00:48:34.559 --> 00:48:36.320
<v Speaker 4>to fill those blanks in as much as you can,

855
00:48:36.880 --> 00:48:40.280
<v Speaker 4>and go to the family closet, you know, or wherever

856
00:48:40.960 --> 00:48:43.960
<v Speaker 4>whoever's the one that's holding the records in the family,

857
00:48:44.000 --> 00:48:46.960
<v Speaker 4>you know, consult them. You know, there's always somebody in

858
00:48:46.960 --> 00:48:50.320
<v Speaker 4>the family that's got all the marriage records. They've got

859
00:48:50.360 --> 00:48:54.599
<v Speaker 4>all the pictures, the photographs, the obituaries and the death

860
00:48:54.719 --> 00:48:57.920
<v Speaker 4>notices and all that sort of thing, and the birth certificates.

861
00:48:58.000 --> 00:49:01.599
<v Speaker 4>So go to that person and just plow through all

862
00:49:01.599 --> 00:49:04.440
<v Speaker 4>that and write all that down, maybe make photocopies if

863
00:49:04.480 --> 00:49:06.599
<v Speaker 4>they'll allow you to. When you interview, you know, someone

864
00:49:06.639 --> 00:49:09.960
<v Speaker 4>that's really old, how old? What does that mean? Really old?

865
00:49:10.679 --> 00:49:13.840
<v Speaker 4>Sometimes I feel I'm really old. But when you interview

866
00:49:15.119 --> 00:49:17.760
<v Speaker 4>a parent or a grandparent, I even ask him, is

867
00:49:17.840 --> 00:49:21.440
<v Speaker 4>it okay if I can record it? Yeah, and I'll recorded,

868
00:49:21.639 --> 00:49:23.519
<v Speaker 4>and that way you're not missing anything.

869
00:49:23.599 --> 00:49:27.599
<v Speaker 2>So yeah, that's great. That's and you're also like, learn

870
00:49:27.760 --> 00:49:31.880
<v Speaker 2>so much about your family. Who doesn't want to learn

871
00:49:31.920 --> 00:49:35.159
<v Speaker 2>more about you know, people's histories that are write around them.

872
00:49:35.199 --> 00:49:38.920
<v Speaker 2>I think that's such a good bonding project too, you know. Yeah,

873
00:49:39.000 --> 00:49:41.679
<v Speaker 2>So treat yourself to a nice new notebook through a

874
00:49:41.719 --> 00:49:44.920
<v Speaker 2>pot of tea, and then sit down and interrogate a

875
00:49:44.960 --> 00:49:50.000
<v Speaker 2>loved one gently. A few people, including Beatrice Bella, Clava B. Wilson,

876
00:49:50.079 --> 00:49:53.440
<v Speaker 2>and first time question asker Lizzy, for example, all want

877
00:49:53.519 --> 00:49:55.599
<v Speaker 2>us to know about adoption, and Lizzy asks, my dad

878
00:49:55.599 --> 00:49:58.239
<v Speaker 2>has adopted and knows some of his biological family's background,

879
00:49:58.440 --> 00:50:00.719
<v Speaker 2>but what does that mean for our chie neology? Do

880
00:50:00.800 --> 00:50:03.360
<v Speaker 2>we trace the adopted family's history do we trace the

881
00:50:03.360 --> 00:50:04.519
<v Speaker 2>biofamily's history.

882
00:50:04.639 --> 00:50:09.440
<v Speaker 4>Both excellent question. I would say do both if you

883
00:50:09.440 --> 00:50:11.719
<v Speaker 4>feel like it, If you have a yearning for wanting

884
00:50:11.760 --> 00:50:14.119
<v Speaker 4>to know both, go for it. I know that in

885
00:50:14.159 --> 00:50:17.760
<v Speaker 4>my family my grandfather who I met, I never did

886
00:50:17.840 --> 00:50:21.119
<v Speaker 4>meet my father's parents, so I never did know my

887
00:50:21.280 --> 00:50:25.480
<v Speaker 4>paternal grandfather or grandmother. They both passed before I was born.

888
00:50:26.159 --> 00:50:31.239
<v Speaker 4>But on my mom's side, my mother remarried and so

889
00:50:32.119 --> 00:50:35.280
<v Speaker 4>her husband was always He was the one I always

890
00:50:35.320 --> 00:50:38.559
<v Speaker 4>called grandpa, but he was not my biological grandpa. But

891
00:50:38.639 --> 00:50:42.280
<v Speaker 4>to this day he will always be my grandfather. And

892
00:50:42.320 --> 00:50:45.960
<v Speaker 4>so I did a genealogy search on his family. I

893
00:50:46.000 --> 00:50:48.440
<v Speaker 4>wanted to know about him, and found out about that

894
00:50:48.519 --> 00:50:53.280
<v Speaker 4>he had Native American heritage from Tennessee and you know,

895
00:50:53.320 --> 00:50:55.800
<v Speaker 4>I found out that he had a aunt, Minerva, and

896
00:50:56.159 --> 00:50:58.199
<v Speaker 4>she lived to be one hundred years old, and I

897
00:50:58.679 --> 00:51:01.039
<v Speaker 4>recorded that. I still have that on tape, cassette tape.

898
00:51:01.039 --> 00:51:03.679
<v Speaker 4>By the way, I need to update that. So I

899
00:51:03.719 --> 00:51:07.119
<v Speaker 4>would say that for adoptions, why not look at both sides,

900
00:51:07.199 --> 00:51:11.679
<v Speaker 4>the biological and the adopted side. Absolutely, And for adoptions,

901
00:51:11.800 --> 00:51:14.280
<v Speaker 4>I've had people that have contacted me over the years

902
00:51:14.280 --> 00:51:16.559
<v Speaker 4>that have wanted to get help and trying to locate

903
00:51:16.599 --> 00:51:17.920
<v Speaker 4>their biological parents.

904
00:51:18.159 --> 00:51:22.559
<v Speaker 2>What about turning over some hefty forensic boulders. I had

905
00:51:22.559 --> 00:51:26.159
<v Speaker 2>a few people Julie Barre, Laura Merryman, Stephanie Berherties, and

906
00:51:26.239 --> 00:51:29.199
<v Speaker 2>first time question asker April Parry. April Pary written and said,

907
00:51:29.239 --> 00:51:32.800
<v Speaker 2>I'm a forensic scientist and DNA analyst more specifically, and

908
00:51:32.880 --> 00:51:35.480
<v Speaker 2>our field has been all a uzz with genealogy in

909
00:51:35.519 --> 00:51:38.079
<v Speaker 2>the past few years as cold cases are being solved

910
00:51:38.159 --> 00:51:42.559
<v Speaker 2>using public database searches, and April is curious what your

911
00:51:42.639 --> 00:51:45.719
<v Speaker 2>take is, including some possible ethical dilemmas. How do you

912
00:51:45.760 --> 00:51:46.320
<v Speaker 2>feel about it?

913
00:51:46.599 --> 00:51:49.519
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, that's been on the news recently here. Some people

914
00:51:49.559 --> 00:51:52.960
<v Speaker 4>are kind of leery about putting their DNA information on

915
00:51:53.039 --> 00:51:58.000
<v Speaker 4>a website where law enforcement agencies can come in and

916
00:51:58.119 --> 00:52:01.079
<v Speaker 4>check into that, and they have cold cases where they're

917
00:52:01.119 --> 00:52:03.920
<v Speaker 4>trying to solve and you might know some information about it.

918
00:52:03.920 --> 00:52:06.719
<v Speaker 4>It's kind of scary, you know. I don't know's that's

919
00:52:06.760 --> 00:52:10.760
<v Speaker 4>a good question. If it can create closure to someone,

920
00:52:11.000 --> 00:52:16.400
<v Speaker 4>I wouldn't mind participating in in solving something, But of

921
00:52:16.440 --> 00:52:20.360
<v Speaker 4>course I wouldn't want anything to turn back on me,

922
00:52:20.519 --> 00:52:23.199
<v Speaker 4>you know. But I'm clean. I haven't done anything, so

923
00:52:23.280 --> 00:52:26.559
<v Speaker 4>I'm good. I haven't cleaned conscience. But I guess, you know,

924
00:52:26.800 --> 00:52:28.960
<v Speaker 4>you have to think about that if you you know,

925
00:52:29.039 --> 00:52:33.119
<v Speaker 4>if you when you take a DNA test, you're susceptible

926
00:52:33.159 --> 00:52:36.440
<v Speaker 4>to whatever is out there, so you know, just be careful.

927
00:52:36.559 --> 00:52:38.320
<v Speaker 4>I know there's a lot of pros and cons on that.

928
00:52:38.320 --> 00:52:42.320
<v Speaker 4>That's that's a very very big question right now.

929
00:52:42.480 --> 00:52:44.920
<v Speaker 2>It's such a new quandary. It's such a new ethical

930
00:52:44.960 --> 00:52:47.920
<v Speaker 2>dilemma that we've just never encountered before. So I think

931
00:52:48.199 --> 00:52:50.480
<v Speaker 2>a lot of people are still wrapping their brains around

932
00:52:50.679 --> 00:52:54.239
<v Speaker 2>the benefits of getting closure or apprehending someone versus the

933
00:52:54.760 --> 00:53:00.559
<v Speaker 2>how from a molecular level invasive that is on some

934
00:53:00.639 --> 00:53:03.480
<v Speaker 2>of your actual genes. So yeah, it's really interesting. I

935
00:53:03.480 --> 00:53:06.239
<v Speaker 2>think a lot of people are probably super ambivalent, meaning

936
00:53:06.320 --> 00:53:08.400
<v Speaker 2>you know, they're just seeing the good and the bad.

937
00:53:09.480 --> 00:53:11.639
<v Speaker 2>And Rachel C wrote in Sho had a great question

938
00:53:11.760 --> 00:53:13.360
<v Speaker 2>and said, I've heard that out of a group of

939
00:53:13.360 --> 00:53:15.760
<v Speaker 2>three people, two black and one white, it is just

940
00:53:15.800 --> 00:53:17.719
<v Speaker 2>as likely for a black and white person to be

941
00:53:17.840 --> 00:53:20.039
<v Speaker 2>more related as it is for the two black individuals

942
00:53:20.039 --> 00:53:22.159
<v Speaker 2>to be more closely related. If that is really the case,

943
00:53:22.199 --> 00:53:24.559
<v Speaker 2>then what the heck is race anyway? And why does

944
00:53:24.599 --> 00:53:26.679
<v Speaker 2>it persist in modern times?

945
00:53:26.840 --> 00:53:29.719
<v Speaker 4>It is so true, that is so true. I mean,

946
00:53:30.039 --> 00:53:35.320
<v Speaker 4>race is just it's just a classification. I mean even

947
00:53:35.400 --> 00:53:37.679
<v Speaker 4>now we have when we fill out forms, they have

948
00:53:37.760 --> 00:53:41.840
<v Speaker 4>checkboxes where you can mark whatever ethnicity you wish. But

949
00:53:42.480 --> 00:53:45.639
<v Speaker 4>now they're becoming more where you can mark that you're

950
00:53:45.760 --> 00:53:49.960
<v Speaker 4>a Bible racial and even try racial. And so that's

951
00:53:49.960 --> 00:53:52.360
<v Speaker 4>a problem for the government. They want they want to

952
00:53:52.360 --> 00:53:55.800
<v Speaker 4>have solid data so that they know who's in our

953
00:53:55.840 --> 00:53:58.760
<v Speaker 4>country and da da da. But yeah, I say, hey,

954
00:53:58.880 --> 00:54:01.320
<v Speaker 4>why not just embrace? Why pick? Why do you have

955
00:54:01.360 --> 00:54:03.360
<v Speaker 4>to pick one or the other? And you have so

956
00:54:03.440 --> 00:54:06.440
<v Speaker 4>many that are part of your DNA, so you know,

957
00:54:06.719 --> 00:54:09.599
<v Speaker 4>haven't I have to admit I've been just picking the

958
00:54:09.599 --> 00:54:13.159
<v Speaker 4>one African American, But there was a few times where

959
00:54:13.360 --> 00:54:17.960
<v Speaker 4>I did pick by racial because I am. If I

960
00:54:17.960 --> 00:54:23.320
<v Speaker 4>can remember my racial I am. Oh, I'll just round

961
00:54:23.360 --> 00:54:28.760
<v Speaker 4>it off. I'm about eighty percent African and about eighteen

962
00:54:28.800 --> 00:54:33.880
<v Speaker 4>percent European, which includes Scandinavian, British, and then two percent

963
00:54:34.199 --> 00:54:37.559
<v Speaker 4>Native American and Southeast Asian, which blew me away. So

964
00:54:38.119 --> 00:54:39.719
<v Speaker 4>I'd like to learn a little bit more about the

965
00:54:39.760 --> 00:54:43.400
<v Speaker 4>Southeast Asian part, you know, the Philippines, Vietnam, top like that,

966
00:54:43.719 --> 00:54:46.079
<v Speaker 4>and the Native American part. I love to learn more

967
00:54:46.119 --> 00:54:49.800
<v Speaker 4>about my Native American ancestry in regards to that race

968
00:54:49.880 --> 00:54:54.800
<v Speaker 4>is just a classification. Were all related, and it's interesting

969
00:54:55.159 --> 00:54:57.920
<v Speaker 4>the book that I just recently came out with sixteen

970
00:54:58.000 --> 00:55:00.800
<v Speaker 4>nineteen twenty Africans. One of the points I mentioned in

971
00:55:00.840 --> 00:55:04.079
<v Speaker 4>the book is that when those Africans came to Virginia

972
00:55:04.119 --> 00:55:07.800
<v Speaker 4>in the year sixteen nineteen, they didn't come as slaves

973
00:55:07.880 --> 00:55:12.599
<v Speaker 4>as we know it as slaves that come to our minds.

974
00:55:12.679 --> 00:55:15.920
<v Speaker 4>They were indentured servants, and so they didn't have the

975
00:55:15.960 --> 00:55:21.519
<v Speaker 4>disignation of being slaves. So what that meant was indentured

976
00:55:21.559 --> 00:55:25.599
<v Speaker 4>servants just like those that were coming from England. They

977
00:55:25.599 --> 00:55:28.079
<v Speaker 4>worked for a certain period of time they were indentured

978
00:55:28.119 --> 00:55:34.440
<v Speaker 4>to their employer. And so those Africans were indentured. Once

979
00:55:34.480 --> 00:55:37.480
<v Speaker 4>they served their time, they were given their freedom, just

980
00:55:37.559 --> 00:55:42.320
<v Speaker 4>like just like all the other indentured servants. Virginia wasn't

981
00:55:42.440 --> 00:55:48.280
<v Speaker 4>until seventeen five is when the slavery laws, you know,

982
00:55:48.320 --> 00:55:52.440
<v Speaker 4>the really hardened slavery laws came into being, was in

983
00:55:52.440 --> 00:55:57.079
<v Speaker 4>the year seventeen oh five. So prior to that, there

984
00:55:57.079 --> 00:56:02.239
<v Speaker 4>were a lot of African American families in Colonial America,

985
00:56:03.039 --> 00:56:07.119
<v Speaker 4>colonial Virginia who were not slaves. They were not in slavery.

986
00:56:07.199 --> 00:56:09.400
<v Speaker 4>They had a hard life, Yes, they had a very

987
00:56:09.440 --> 00:56:13.679
<v Speaker 4>hard life. Many of them were taking advantage of no

988
00:56:13.800 --> 00:56:17.559
<v Speaker 4>doubt about it, but they were not classified as slaves.

989
00:56:17.599 --> 00:56:20.440
<v Speaker 4>So what I'm going with this is that many of

990
00:56:20.480 --> 00:56:23.320
<v Speaker 4>these Africans, as they had children and their children had children,

991
00:56:23.320 --> 00:56:26.400
<v Speaker 4>there was probably about two or three generations of African

992
00:56:26.440 --> 00:56:31.480
<v Speaker 4>Americans who were free in this country before and I

993
00:56:31.679 --> 00:56:35.679
<v Speaker 4>got before in big, large letters, before the slavery laws

994
00:56:35.880 --> 00:56:39.119
<v Speaker 4>were even enacted. And that's huge and a lot of

995
00:56:39.159 --> 00:56:41.519
<v Speaker 4>people don't know about that. And I didn't know about

996
00:56:41.559 --> 00:56:44.519
<v Speaker 4>it until I took my DNA test and found out

997
00:56:44.559 --> 00:56:48.039
<v Speaker 4>that I was related to some of these early African

998
00:56:48.079 --> 00:56:51.800
<v Speaker 4>American families. And so what I also found out was

999
00:56:51.840 --> 00:56:56.519
<v Speaker 4>that a lot of the African families that were free

1000
00:56:56.679 --> 00:56:59.960
<v Speaker 4>in the early part of our colonial history, they were

1001
00:57:00.079 --> 00:57:04.880
<v Speaker 4>intermarrying with the Irish, with the Native Americans, with the Germans.

1002
00:57:04.880 --> 00:57:08.039
<v Speaker 4>They were intermarrying, they were becoming a family. And so

1003
00:57:08.440 --> 00:57:12.920
<v Speaker 4>but many of the American families that are in this

1004
00:57:13.000 --> 00:57:17.519
<v Speaker 4>country today, whatever surname you want to use, Johnson, Smith, whatever,

1005
00:57:17.639 --> 00:57:19.960
<v Speaker 4>if your family's been in this country for you know,

1006
00:57:20.039 --> 00:57:23.000
<v Speaker 4>going back to colonial times or even the American Revolution times,

1007
00:57:23.519 --> 00:57:27.400
<v Speaker 4>chances are you are a mixed family. Chances are you're

1008
00:57:27.440 --> 00:57:30.119
<v Speaker 4>a mixed family, you know, in some way, shape or form,

1009
00:57:30.199 --> 00:57:33.320
<v Speaker 4>in one way or another in Native America or you know,

1010
00:57:33.920 --> 00:57:36.920
<v Speaker 4>it's because it's just a fact. And but that is

1011
00:57:36.960 --> 00:57:39.039
<v Speaker 4>not taught in our schools. It's not taught in our

1012
00:57:39.079 --> 00:57:42.079
<v Speaker 4>history books that there were at least two or three

1013
00:57:42.119 --> 00:57:46.360
<v Speaker 4>generations of free people before slavery laws even were passed.

1014
00:57:46.559 --> 00:57:50.679
<v Speaker 4>Virginia as kind of what everybody looks to is the

1015
00:57:50.679 --> 00:57:54.320
<v Speaker 4>the mother of the of the slavery laws. But everyone

1016
00:57:54.400 --> 00:57:57.000
<v Speaker 4>o the other states looked at Virginia. You know, whatever

1017
00:57:57.000 --> 00:57:59.280
<v Speaker 4>they passed, they'll pass. But yeah, there was quite a

1018
00:57:59.280 --> 00:58:03.039
<v Speaker 4>few years, quite a few decades before slavery even got entrenched,

1019
00:58:03.360 --> 00:58:05.679
<v Speaker 4>and so that that allowed a lot of families to

1020
00:58:05.719 --> 00:58:08.119
<v Speaker 4>have freedom. There was a lot of African families that

1021
00:58:08.239 --> 00:58:10.679
<v Speaker 4>were able to buy land. You couldn't do that as

1022
00:58:10.679 --> 00:58:13.239
<v Speaker 4>a slave. You couldn't buy land. You could, they could,

1023
00:58:14.239 --> 00:58:17.800
<v Speaker 4>they could sit on juries, they could barter in trade.

1024
00:58:18.320 --> 00:58:20.639
<v Speaker 4>It was just a lot of people just don't know

1025
00:58:20.679 --> 00:58:23.079
<v Speaker 4>the history of that. And so again there was a

1026
00:58:23.119 --> 00:58:26.480
<v Speaker 4>lot of inner marriage. A lot of the Africans were

1027
00:58:26.519 --> 00:58:30.599
<v Speaker 4>marrying Irish women and Scottish women because there was a

1028
00:58:30.639 --> 00:58:33.679
<v Speaker 4>shortage of African women. And so there's a lot of

1029
00:58:33.719 --> 00:58:37.519
<v Speaker 4>intermixture in our in our society today. And so your

1030
00:58:37.840 --> 00:58:41.960
<v Speaker 4>listener brings up a very good question there that you know,

1031
00:58:42.079 --> 00:58:45.199
<v Speaker 4>chances are if if you have three people and if

1032
00:58:45.239 --> 00:58:48.480
<v Speaker 4>you're white and the other one's black, you're probably more related,

1033
00:58:48.840 --> 00:58:50.800
<v Speaker 4>just as much related as the two persons that are

1034
00:58:50.800 --> 00:58:52.360
<v Speaker 4>of the same race. Definitely.

1035
00:58:52.480 --> 00:58:55.039
<v Speaker 2>And was that a discovery also that you made in

1036
00:58:55.039 --> 00:58:56.360
<v Speaker 2>your own family with your sister in.

1037
00:58:56.440 --> 00:59:00.280
<v Speaker 4>Law, Yes, my sister in law, Yes, absolutely, yes, yeah,

1038
00:59:00.320 --> 00:59:02.960
<v Speaker 4>my sister in law. This this blew me away, is

1039
00:59:03.119 --> 00:59:09.400
<v Speaker 4>uh yeah, this is a perfect example is my wife's

1040
00:59:09.400 --> 00:59:13.199
<v Speaker 4>sister would be my sister in law. She has children,

1041
00:59:14.280 --> 00:59:19.440
<v Speaker 4>and we went to go visit one time and we

1042
00:59:19.440 --> 00:59:23.440
<v Speaker 4>were sitting around the breakfast table there and the restaurant

1043
00:59:23.440 --> 00:59:27.440
<v Speaker 4>and chit chatting, and my sister in law's daughter says, well, yeah,

1044
00:59:27.480 --> 00:59:30.760
<v Speaker 4>I can remember old grandma. You know. She was from

1045
00:59:31.079 --> 00:59:33.639
<v Speaker 4>Mississippi and she used to cook so well, and I

1046
00:59:33.679 --> 00:59:36.000
<v Speaker 4>remember all these different dishes she would make. She said

1047
00:59:36.119 --> 00:59:39.960
<v Speaker 4>she was from Jackson, Mississippi, and her and I said, oh, really,

1048
00:59:40.239 --> 00:59:43.159
<v Speaker 4>well what was her What was her name? And she said, well,

1049
00:59:43.559 --> 00:59:47.320
<v Speaker 4>she was Grandma Grantham. Her maiden name was Grantham. I

1050
00:59:47.320 --> 00:59:50.320
<v Speaker 4>almost fell off my chair. I said, Grantham. That's that's

1051
00:59:50.320 --> 00:59:53.079
<v Speaker 4>a name that has come up in my family researched. Well,

1052
00:59:53.239 --> 00:59:54.960
<v Speaker 4>when I get back home, I'm going to look that

1053
00:59:55.119 --> 00:59:58.039
<v Speaker 4>up because that's very interesting. I said, So maybe my

1054
00:59:58.119 --> 01:00:00.960
<v Speaker 4>some of my family members maybe new you know, your

1055
01:00:01.280 --> 01:00:04.039
<v Speaker 4>grandmother's family. So when I got back home that night,

1056
01:00:04.559 --> 01:00:08.000
<v Speaker 4>and I went through the records and I said, I'll

1057
01:00:08.039 --> 01:00:11.199
<v Speaker 4>be dog gone, but these my sister in law's children

1058
01:00:12.199 --> 01:00:17.440
<v Speaker 4>are related to me. Because when I took my twenty

1059
01:00:17.440 --> 01:00:22.280
<v Speaker 4>three and meters test, there was one genetic cousin that

1060
01:00:22.880 --> 01:00:26.480
<v Speaker 4>we had a connection with. This was like twenty eleven

1061
01:00:27.159 --> 01:00:30.760
<v Speaker 4>and me and her we had communication back and forth

1062
01:00:30.760 --> 01:00:33.119
<v Speaker 4>trying to figure out how we were connected. We couldn't

1063
01:00:33.119 --> 01:00:35.280
<v Speaker 4>figure it out a thing. But she sent me her

1064
01:00:35.280 --> 01:00:39.360
<v Speaker 4>family tree, and her family name was Grantham, her ancestors,

1065
01:00:39.360 --> 01:00:41.079
<v Speaker 4>her grapham. It was just amazing.

1066
01:00:41.320 --> 01:00:44.400
<v Speaker 2>In his book sixteen nineteen, Stephen writes of the encounter

1067
01:00:44.559 --> 01:00:47.360
<v Speaker 2>quote we might be related. We joked I was black

1068
01:00:47.360 --> 01:00:49.679
<v Speaker 2>and they were white. When I later got home, I

1069
01:00:49.679 --> 01:00:52.119
<v Speaker 2>looked up the information my sister in law's daughter gave

1070
01:00:52.199 --> 01:00:55.400
<v Speaker 2>me about her paternal grandmother. Turns out it wasn't a

1071
01:00:55.480 --> 01:00:58.079
<v Speaker 2>joke after all, that my sister in law's children and

1072
01:00:58.119 --> 01:01:02.800
<v Speaker 2>I were related. If everyone learns a little about their genealogy,

1073
01:01:03.239 --> 01:01:06.079
<v Speaker 2>chatter over waffles is about to get way more interesting.

1074
01:01:06.360 --> 01:01:10.280
<v Speaker 2>If you hadn't asked over breakfast, what was her name?

1075
01:01:10.360 --> 01:01:11.679
<v Speaker 2>You never would have known that.

1076
01:01:11.679 --> 01:01:13.400
<v Speaker 4>You never would have known that, never would know that.

1077
01:01:13.719 --> 01:01:19.760
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, if you weren't Sherlock Holmes, get your noteod.

1078
01:01:19.440 --> 01:01:23.119
<v Speaker 4>Of and we embrace it. We just love that little facet.

1079
01:01:23.159 --> 01:01:25.079
<v Speaker 4>I mean, we loved each other even before we knew that,

1080
01:01:25.159 --> 01:01:27.239
<v Speaker 4>but that just kind of, you know, put a little

1081
01:01:27.280 --> 01:01:30.599
<v Speaker 4>spice into our conversations every time we meet, and we

1082
01:01:30.639 --> 01:01:33.119
<v Speaker 4>can bring that up. And so it's just a wonderful thing.

1083
01:01:33.159 --> 01:01:37.760
<v Speaker 4>And you know, racist color is just it's just nothing.

1084
01:01:37.760 --> 01:01:40.440
<v Speaker 4>It's just a classification. We are all related.

1085
01:01:40.639 --> 01:01:42.800
<v Speaker 2>Steven says that the next book he's working on, which

1086
01:01:42.840 --> 01:01:45.559
<v Speaker 2>will be his third, we'll get deeper into how we're

1087
01:01:45.559 --> 01:01:48.280
<v Speaker 2>all related. And I realized just then then this episode

1088
01:01:48.280 --> 01:01:50.519
<v Speaker 2>would come out near the start of Black History Month,

1089
01:01:50.559 --> 01:01:53.199
<v Speaker 2>which is in part a celebration of the birthdays of

1090
01:01:53.320 --> 01:01:57.639
<v Speaker 2>Abraham Lincoln and abolitionist Frederick Douglas. I told Stephen that

1091
01:01:57.719 --> 01:02:00.360
<v Speaker 2>International Women's Day kind of pizzes me off, because, Hi,

1092
01:02:00.639 --> 01:02:03.199
<v Speaker 2>here's your three hundred and sixty fifth share of the

1093
01:02:03.280 --> 01:02:06.119
<v Speaker 2>year pie. And I asked him if he feels that

1094
01:02:06.239 --> 01:02:10.719
<v Speaker 2>way about February, Like, this country was literally built by

1095
01:02:10.800 --> 01:02:13.639
<v Speaker 2>people of color, but it was conceived first by history

1096
01:02:13.639 --> 01:02:17.360
<v Speaker 2>professor Carter Woodson in the nineteen twenties and finally recognized

1097
01:02:17.360 --> 01:02:20.000
<v Speaker 2>by Gerald Ford in the nineteen seventies. Stephen says that

1098
01:02:20.039 --> 01:02:21.880
<v Speaker 2>he too feels it should be more than a month,

1099
01:02:22.119 --> 01:02:23.719
<v Speaker 2>but that I think it's.

1100
01:02:23.559 --> 01:02:26.599
<v Speaker 4>Just a good opportunity to educate people, all of us,

1101
01:02:27.280 --> 01:02:32.800
<v Speaker 4>even even for everyone. Everyone. When I say everyone, I

1102
01:02:32.800 --> 01:02:37.360
<v Speaker 4>mean including African American. Everyone to be educated, re educated

1103
01:02:37.400 --> 01:02:42.239
<v Speaker 4>about just getting along with one another. Martin Luther King

1104
01:02:42.280 --> 01:02:46.840
<v Speaker 4>Junior said that the reviews the job.

1105
01:02:48.719 --> 01:02:52.639
<v Speaker 1>Sounds of farmer slaves and the sons of farmer slave owners.

1106
01:02:53.719 --> 01:02:56.719
<v Speaker 2>Will they be able to sit down together at the

1107
01:02:56.760 --> 01:02:57.880
<v Speaker 2>table of brotherhood.

1108
01:02:58.960 --> 01:03:01.480
<v Speaker 4>You know, we don't to one another based on the

1109
01:03:01.480 --> 01:03:03.840
<v Speaker 4>color of our skin, but on the basis of our character.

1110
01:03:04.599 --> 01:03:08.800
<v Speaker 4>And so that's what it's all about, is just embracing

1111
01:03:08.840 --> 01:03:11.679
<v Speaker 4>one another and just getting closer as a human family

1112
01:03:11.920 --> 01:03:15.639
<v Speaker 4>because we need each other. This world is as it's

1113
01:03:15.679 --> 01:03:19.199
<v Speaker 4>ups and downs, as we know, and so we all

1114
01:03:19.239 --> 01:03:21.400
<v Speaker 4>need to stick together and just be civil. And I

1115
01:03:21.440 --> 01:03:25.239
<v Speaker 4>think about, you know, colonial America and how when the

1116
01:03:25.400 --> 01:03:28.800
<v Speaker 4>first Africans came here, Well I shouldn't say the first

1117
01:03:28.840 --> 01:03:31.719
<v Speaker 4>African America. That's gonna be that's that's gonna be something

1118
01:03:31.760 --> 01:03:34.559
<v Speaker 4>coming out of my next book. Who were the first?

1119
01:03:34.679 --> 01:03:38.719
<v Speaker 4>But those that came in sixteen nineteen, how they were

1120
01:03:38.800 --> 01:03:44.039
<v Speaker 4>just treated just like everybody else. And then the slavery

1121
01:03:44.119 --> 01:03:46.159
<v Speaker 4>laws came along and just took away everything they had.

1122
01:03:46.159 --> 01:03:48.360
<v Speaker 4>But think of the dative Americans of what they've gone through.

1123
01:03:48.400 --> 01:03:51.440
<v Speaker 4>I mean good, he's gracious. That's why I'm really interested

1124
01:03:51.480 --> 01:03:55.280
<v Speaker 4>to want to learn about that. But yeah, Black History

1125
01:03:55.320 --> 01:03:59.119
<v Speaker 4>Month is I think is still needed to as an

1126
01:03:59.159 --> 01:04:03.199
<v Speaker 4>opportunity to talk about things that we need to talk about,

1127
01:04:03.239 --> 01:04:05.559
<v Speaker 4>to acknowledge and to heal. Yeah. Absolutely.

1128
01:04:06.039 --> 01:04:09.079
<v Speaker 2>Now from the biggest issues to perhaps some sillier or

1129
01:04:09.159 --> 01:04:12.880
<v Speaker 2>petty difficulties in the job of genealogy. And the last

1130
01:04:12.920 --> 01:04:15.440
<v Speaker 2>two questions I always ask every guest is on what

1131
01:04:15.519 --> 01:04:20.119
<v Speaker 2>is the hardest thing about genealogy or the most annoying thing?

1132
01:04:20.239 --> 01:04:25.960
<v Speaker 2>Is it water logged books, anything that is really difficult

1133
01:04:26.159 --> 01:04:29.000
<v Speaker 2>about genealogy or this just maybe hesters you at all,

1134
01:04:29.840 --> 01:04:30.679
<v Speaker 2>even if it's petty.

1135
01:04:31.000 --> 01:04:36.119
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, yeah, Well, the one thing that kind of irks

1136
01:04:36.199 --> 01:04:42.199
<v Speaker 4>me is someone will take their DNA test, they will

1137
01:04:43.639 --> 01:04:46.519
<v Speaker 4>log on to the website, they will download their data,

1138
01:04:46.559 --> 01:04:49.079
<v Speaker 4>they will click yes, I do want my information to

1139
01:04:49.119 --> 01:04:52.920
<v Speaker 4>be posted on this website. Here's my email address. And

1140
01:04:52.960 --> 01:04:56.079
<v Speaker 4>then when you connect and you find out that, oh,

1141
01:04:56.119 --> 01:04:58.360
<v Speaker 4>I'm related to this person. I'd like to know more

1142
01:04:58.400 --> 01:05:00.719
<v Speaker 4>about you because some of the that you have on

1143
01:05:00.760 --> 01:05:03.760
<v Speaker 4>your profile match my family. And then you reach out

1144
01:05:03.760 --> 01:05:10.679
<v Speaker 4>to that person and they don't even reply back. That's

1145
01:05:10.880 --> 01:05:12.199
<v Speaker 4>That one just really gets me.

1146
01:05:14.239 --> 01:05:16.320
<v Speaker 3>I mean, like, why did you want to put your

1147
01:05:16.360 --> 01:05:18.800
<v Speaker 3>email address on there in the first place, you know,

1148
01:05:19.079 --> 01:05:21.880
<v Speaker 3>if you're not going to correspond, So that one, that

1149
01:05:21.920 --> 01:05:24.360
<v Speaker 3>one's kind of that one that makes sense.

1150
01:05:24.599 --> 01:05:26.679
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, So if you ever, if anyone ever gets an

1151
01:05:26.679 --> 01:05:29.880
<v Speaker 2>email from a long lost relative, reply to them. It's

1152
01:05:30.000 --> 01:05:32.960
<v Speaker 2>worth it, replied, do not sit on that email. What

1153
01:05:33.119 --> 01:05:36.199
<v Speaker 2>is your favorite thing about genealogy? What just like fills

1154
01:05:36.239 --> 01:05:38.480
<v Speaker 2>you with butterflies or just makes you love it?

1155
01:05:38.920 --> 01:05:41.960
<v Speaker 4>Wow? The thing that makes me always love genealogy is

1156
01:05:43.199 --> 01:05:45.400
<v Speaker 4>being able to go on the hunt, go on the search,

1157
01:05:45.519 --> 01:05:49.599
<v Speaker 4>to try to find to find someone's brick wall, someone

1158
01:05:49.639 --> 01:05:51.920
<v Speaker 4>who you know. And what I mean by brick wall

1159
01:05:52.039 --> 01:05:55.599
<v Speaker 4>for any of your listeners is you just come in

1160
01:05:55.639 --> 01:05:57.960
<v Speaker 4>to a point where you can't go any further in

1161
01:05:58.000 --> 01:05:59.039
<v Speaker 4>your research.

1162
01:05:58.880 --> 01:06:00.000
<v Speaker 2>To break through it. Somehow.

1163
01:06:00.159 --> 01:06:02.320
<v Speaker 4>You just you've come to a brick wall. You just

1164
01:06:02.440 --> 01:06:04.639
<v Speaker 4>you've exhausted all your avenues and you just don't know

1165
01:06:04.679 --> 01:06:07.199
<v Speaker 4>where to go. You just don't know who this person is,

1166
01:06:07.239 --> 01:06:10.000
<v Speaker 4>where they were, where, who their parents were, or whatever

1167
01:06:10.079 --> 01:06:13.039
<v Speaker 4>the question is. And I just love to take that

1168
01:06:13.079 --> 01:06:14.760
<v Speaker 4>brick wall and try to see if I can call

1169
01:06:14.760 --> 01:06:17.719
<v Speaker 4>through it. I just love that, you know, just taking

1170
01:06:17.760 --> 01:06:21.000
<v Speaker 4>on that challenge, and then once you're finding you're like, oh, yes,

1171
01:06:22.440 --> 01:06:24.599
<v Speaker 4>you know, it's just wonderful. Love it.

1172
01:06:24.639 --> 01:06:26.480
<v Speaker 2>Do you wear a cape? Do you have a big

1173
01:06:26.559 --> 01:06:29.000
<v Speaker 2>pipe and a cake? I got a cape on right now,

1174
01:06:31.800 --> 01:06:33.159
<v Speaker 2>big mustache.

1175
01:06:33.679 --> 01:06:34.719
<v Speaker 4>Right with the old pipe.

1176
01:06:34.800 --> 01:06:35.000
<v Speaker 3>Yeah?

1177
01:06:35.079 --> 01:06:35.639
<v Speaker 4>No. No.

1178
01:06:37.079 --> 01:06:40.679
<v Speaker 2>So find the most wonderful, smart people and ask them

1179
01:06:40.719 --> 01:06:43.760
<v Speaker 2>the stupidest questions, and before you know it, you might

1180
01:06:43.800 --> 01:06:46.440
<v Speaker 2>be staying on a plane and discover the person next

1181
01:06:46.440 --> 01:06:49.840
<v Speaker 2>to you is your fifth step cousin in law four

1182
01:06:49.920 --> 01:06:52.679
<v Speaker 2>times removed, and you'll kind of know what that means,

1183
01:06:52.760 --> 01:06:54.280
<v Speaker 2>and you might know them the rest of your life.

1184
01:06:54.760 --> 01:06:57.639
<v Speaker 2>So to get copies of Stephen Hanks books, you can

1185
01:06:57.679 --> 01:06:59.760
<v Speaker 2>go to the links in the show notes or in

1186
01:07:00.039 --> 01:07:03.519
<v Speaker 2>water Press. You can also find links to the sponsor

1187
01:07:03.800 --> 01:07:07.599
<v Speaker 2>URLs and blackpast dot org in the show notes. We

1188
01:07:07.639 --> 01:07:10.800
<v Speaker 2>are at Ologies on Twitter and Instagram. I'm at ali

1189
01:07:10.800 --> 01:07:13.239
<v Speaker 2>Ward with one L on both, so follow along. Let's

1190
01:07:13.280 --> 01:07:17.079
<v Speaker 2>be friends. Ology's merch is available at aliward dot com.

1191
01:07:17.199 --> 01:07:19.880
<v Speaker 2>Thank you to Shannon Feltis and Bonnie Dutch of the

1192
01:07:19.880 --> 01:07:22.079
<v Speaker 2>podcast You Are that they managed the merch, and thanks

1193
01:07:22.079 --> 01:07:25.599
<v Speaker 2>to Aaron Talbert for admitting the Ologies podcast Facebook group.

1194
01:07:25.920 --> 01:07:28.760
<v Speaker 2>Thank you Jared Sleeper of the mental health podcast Make Good,

1195
01:07:28.800 --> 01:07:31.880
<v Speaker 2>Bad Brain for the assistant editing, and of course to

1196
01:07:31.920 --> 01:07:34.280
<v Speaker 2>a guy who's likel bro Stephen Ray Morris who hosts

1197
01:07:34.320 --> 01:07:37.400
<v Speaker 2>the percast and c Jurassic Right, which are about kiddies

1198
01:07:37.400 --> 01:07:40.440
<v Speaker 2>and dinosaurs. Nick Thorburn of the band Islands wrote and

1199
01:07:40.519 --> 01:07:43.119
<v Speaker 2>performed the theme music. And you know, if you stick

1200
01:07:43.119 --> 01:07:46.199
<v Speaker 2>around pass the credits, you get a secret. And this

1201
01:07:46.360 --> 01:07:49.400
<v Speaker 2>week I'm going to tell you I drove to an

1202
01:07:49.400 --> 01:07:51.679
<v Speaker 2>ex boyfriend's house in the middle of the night. We

1203
01:07:51.800 --> 01:07:55.079
<v Speaker 2>dated for like four months a decade ago. But in

1204
01:07:55.119 --> 01:07:57.559
<v Speaker 2>the parking lot of the apartment complex, I remember there

1205
01:07:57.599 --> 01:08:01.119
<v Speaker 2>was a lemon tree that was were loaded with fruit

1206
01:08:01.239 --> 01:08:04.000
<v Speaker 2>way back then. And this was not just any lemon tree.

1207
01:08:04.000 --> 01:08:05.559
<v Speaker 2>This is a mere lemon tree, which we all know

1208
01:08:05.679 --> 01:08:09.239
<v Speaker 2>has like way better lemons. Regular lemons are like a

1209
01:08:09.239 --> 01:08:12.880
<v Speaker 2>mounts bar Meyer lemons. They're like an almondsoy, they're just better.

1210
01:08:13.519 --> 01:08:16.279
<v Speaker 2>I think technically there's some type of orange, but the

1211
01:08:16.319 --> 01:08:19.479
<v Speaker 2>point is from memory. I drove through the alley hills

1212
01:08:19.520 --> 01:08:21.800
<v Speaker 2>alone at ten pm. I felt like such a creep

1213
01:08:22.119 --> 01:08:24.279
<v Speaker 2>and I found the side street and the lemon tree

1214
01:08:24.319 --> 01:08:28.760
<v Speaker 2>was still there. With literally hundreds of mier lemons. So

1215
01:08:28.920 --> 01:08:31.439
<v Speaker 2>I took maybe like eight or ten. I put him

1216
01:08:31.439 --> 01:08:34.000
<v Speaker 2>in a hat, and I ran back to my car. Now,

1217
01:08:34.039 --> 01:08:37.199
<v Speaker 2>granted he hasn't lived there in like ten years, but

1218
01:08:37.239 --> 01:08:40.960
<v Speaker 2>it still felt dangerous and skivy and very thrilling to

1219
01:08:41.039 --> 01:08:43.560
<v Speaker 2>have a bowl of the best lemons on my counter.

1220
01:08:44.039 --> 01:08:46.159
<v Speaker 2>I've been pulverizing them in a pitcher and drinking it

1221
01:08:46.199 --> 01:08:49.319
<v Speaker 2>as lemonade, and then I eat their ragged flesh and

1222
01:08:49.359 --> 01:08:52.880
<v Speaker 2>skin like a buzzard. Also, if fruit overhangs a fence,

1223
01:08:53.000 --> 01:08:55.439
<v Speaker 2>technically it's legal to pick. Also, no one's gonna ever

1224
01:08:55.520 --> 01:08:58.840
<v Speaker 2>eat all those lemons or so many lemons. Okay, so good,

1225
01:08:58.920 --> 01:09:12.920
<v Speaker 2>all right, We're buy pack dermist college, homeology, do zoology, lithology, yeahnology, meteorology, fatology, technology, seriology, selenology,

1226
01:09:20.600 --> 01:09:22.159
<v Speaker 2>Hi skip believing.

1227
01:09:22.279 --> 01:09:27.479
<v Speaker 1>GESI get value you can't argue with. At Tesco, with

1228
01:09:27.520 --> 01:09:30.359
<v Speaker 1>their amazing club card prices, have the perfect night in

1229
01:09:30.439 --> 01:09:33.039
<v Speaker 1>with their finest frozen pizza meal deal. Get the finest

1230
01:09:33.079 --> 01:09:35.800
<v Speaker 1>frozen pizza, chips and ice cream all for six euro

1231
01:09:36.239 --> 01:09:38.680
<v Speaker 1>like our delicious spicy salami, hot honey, and do you

1232
01:09:39.039 --> 01:09:42.119
<v Speaker 1>or Margarito wood fired pizzas served up with their crispy,

1233
01:09:42.199 --> 01:09:44.800
<v Speaker 1>chunky chips and ice cream like Sea Salt de Caramel

1234
01:09:44.960 --> 01:09:48.279
<v Speaker 1>or Pistachio for dessert. Can't argue with that shop in

1235
01:09:48.319 --> 01:09:52.760
<v Speaker 1>store or online. Tesco Every Little Helps available at most stories,

1236
01:09:52.800 --> 01:09:53.840
<v Speaker 1>Prices varying. Express