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Speaker 1: Welcome to Thrilling Threads.

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Speaker 2: It's great to be here.

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Speaker 1: I want to start today with a question, a direct

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question for you listening right now, and I want you

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to take a second and really really think about this.

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How much do you trust your own mind?

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Speaker 2: Ooh?

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Speaker 1: And I don't mean in a you know, did I

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lock the front door or did I leave the stove

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on kind of way. We all have those moments with

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the everyday stuff, exactly. I mean how much do you

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trust your fundamental perception of reality itself?

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Speaker 2: That is a well, that's a remarkably heavy way to

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open the door, but honestly, is the right question for

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what we're covering today. Because we operate every single second

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of every day on the assumption that what we see,

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what we remember, and what we experience is well factual.

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We assume it's objective data.

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Speaker 1: We assume it's a solid concrete floor. We're all standing

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on that it's fixed, immutable. But have you ever been

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one hundred percent certain of a memory I'm talking a

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specific detail, a logo, a line in a movie, only

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to find out later definitively that it never existed, oh?

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Speaker 2: Absolutely?

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Speaker 1: Or have you ever had a moment where the day

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just seemed to, I don't know, skip a beat, like

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the universe just buffered for a second.

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Speaker 2: I think most people have. But we usually brush those

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moments off, don't we. We have a categorization system for them.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, we file it away.

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Speaker 2: We call it fatigue. We call it I need more coffee,

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We call it a lapse in attention. We you know,

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we rationalize the glitch away because the alternative is just

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too uncomfortable.

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Speaker 1: But what if it's not fatigue? That is the thread

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we are pulling on today. And we aren't just telling

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ghost stories around a campfire here, not all. We're looking

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at a stack of reports that range from the psychological

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to the to the sub atomic. We're talking about the

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Mandela effect, yes, which everyone loves to debate, but we

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are also talking about hard.

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Speaker 2: Physics, real measurable science.

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Speaker 1: We are talking about experiments at cern, atomic clocks, flying

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on commercial airliners, and literal anomalies in the flow of

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time that engineers have to account for just to keep

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our phones working.

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Speaker 2: So the mission for this deep dive, for this episode

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of Thrilling Threads is to explore we're calling the top

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ten anomalies in time. We've curated a list of phenomena

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that really challenge that linear, solid view of history.

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Speaker 1: And physics, and the goal is to try and figure

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out are these just tricks of a squishy, fallible human brain, which,

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let's be honest, is not the most reliable hard drive,

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not even close, or are the evidence that the universe

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plays by rules we haven't mastered yet.

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Speaker 2: I have to admit, looking through this research, I had

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a few moments where I just had to put the

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papers down and stare at the wall.

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Speaker 1: I believe it.

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Speaker 2: I've had these glitch moments and finding out there might

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be actual science behind them is well, it's thrilling, but

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it's also a little terrifying.

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Speaker 1: It is thrilling, but we need to set some ground

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rules before we just jump off the cliff.

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Speaker 2: Here.

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Speaker 1: We are going look at psychological phenomena which are fascinating

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in their own right, but we are going to compare

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them against actual quantum physics and relativity experiments. We need

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to see where the line blurs between you know, my

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memory is bad and space time is behaving strangely. Okay,

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let's unpack this. Let's start with the stuff that hits

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closest to home, the stuff that makes you question your

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own childhood. Yes, we're talking about the Mandela effect and

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psychological glitches, and I have to start with one that

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genuinely shook me. When I read this in the notes,

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I actually got angry. I'm talking about we Sports.

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Speaker 2: Ah. Yes, the classic Nintendo game. It really defined an era.

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Speaker 1: It did. I spent hours, I mean entire summers playing this.

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I can see the bowling alley, the tennis court. But specifically,

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I'm thinking about the boxing game.

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Speaker 2: You know the Oh, yes, split screen. You're throwing punches

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with the remote.

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Speaker 1: Yes, okay, So visualize the end of the match. You

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land that final haymaker, the opponent goes down in slow motion,

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the screen flashes, and the announcer, this booming, specific slightly

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synthesized voice says, you win.

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Speaker 2: You can hear the pitch right, the intonation.

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Speaker 1: Clear as day. You win. It's iconic. It's the reward

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for the effort. I can hear the exact timbre of

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that voice.

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Speaker 2: Well, here is where it gets fascinating, and here's where I,

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unfortunately have to be the bearer of bad news. According

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to the sources we're looking at today, specifically a really

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deep case study involving a Reddit user named Rampo seven

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that sound bite does not exist.

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Speaker 1: Stop. No, it has to exist. I can hear it

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in my mind's eye right now. I can hear it

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better than I can hear my own grandmother's voice.

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Speaker 2: And that is the power of the memory. But the

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fact remains, the announcer never says you win.

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Speaker 1: Never.

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Speaker 2: Never. The text appears on the screen shore big bold letters,

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but the audio it isn't there. There's music, there's a

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sound effect of the crowd cheering yeah, but no voice.

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Speaker 1: I find that impossible to accept, I really do. That

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feels wrong on a fundamental level.

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Speaker 2: You aren't alone. And that's why this story from ramp

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Po seven is so compelling. This user didn't just have

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a fleeting thought about it. They were building a physical contraption,

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some sort of project, and they wanted to use that

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specific you win sound effect as a trigger.

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Speaker 1: That's a cool idea, Like when the machine finishes a task,

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it plays the WI Sports voice right exactly.

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Speaker 2: So RAMPO seven goes looking for the file. They go

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to YouTube for searching for WE Sports you Win sound.

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Nothing just clips of gameplay with the music.

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Speaker 1: So what did they do?

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Speaker 2: They figured, Okay, I'll just rope the audio from the

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game files myself. They dug into the actual code of

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the game. They went through every single sound asset, the grunts,

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the tennis racket, hits, the bowling pins, all the little

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sound everything. They find strike, they find home run, they

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find foul, but you win. It's not there.

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Speaker 1: That is maddening. That is the moment where you feel

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like you're being gas lit by reality. Because Rampo seven

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didn't just accept it, right, They had to check no.

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Speaker 2: Of course not. They did what any sane person experiencing

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a glitch would do. They crowdsourced a sanity check. Right.

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They went to their friends. They didn't lead the witness.

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They just asked, hey, what does the announcer say when

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you win in WI Sports? And everyone, every single person agreed.

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He says you in Ye. It was a shared false memory.

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Speaker 1: But that's the scary part. If it was just me,

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I'd say, okay, I have a bad memory. I drink

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too much soda as a kid. But when an entire

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generation of gamers shares the exact same auditory hallucination, that

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feels like a glitch. It does that feels like someone

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went back and edited the file on the server of reality.

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Speaker 2: Well, let's look at the psychological explanation before we jump

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to reality editing.

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Speaker 1: Okay, okay, real mean.

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Speaker 2: Psychologically, our brains are prediction machines. This is a concept

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called predictive coding. Your brain doesn't just passively record the

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world like a camera. It actively predicts what it's about

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to happen to massively efficient. So you see the big

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text you win on the screen. You are used to

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the announcer reading the text in other parts of the game, strike.

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Speaker 1: Foul out right, he reads the other words.

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Speaker 2: So your brain anticipates the pattern. It sees the text,

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it knows the voice, and it just stitches them together

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to complete the pattern. You hear, what do you expect

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to hear?

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Speaker 1: So you're saying, my brain is just remixing reality in

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post production. It's adding special effects that aren't there just

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to make the scene feel complete.

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Speaker 2: Essentially, yes, it fills in the gaps. It's a shortcut.

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But the question is does that make the memory less

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real to you? You experienced it, You have the neural

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pathways for that sound in your subjective reality. The announcer

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did say it.

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Speaker 1: It feels incredibly real. But it shakes my confidence because

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if I can collectively hallucinate a voice line that millions

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of other people also hallucinated. What else am I getting wrong?

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Speaker 2: Exactly?

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Speaker 1: Let's move to something visual, something we see every single day.

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Speaker 2: Coffee ah, the Starbucks logo.

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Speaker 1: Right, everyone knows the Starbucks mermaid or the siren, green circle,

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two tails, wavy hair. Now, I want you listening to

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visualize that logo. Close your eyes if you have to,

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unless you're driving. Please don't close your eyes if you're driving.

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Speaker 2: Good disclaimer.

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Speaker 1: Look at the siren's head, picture her crown. Does she

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have a star on her.

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Speaker 2: It is a common point of contention, a really famous one.

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Speaker 1: A lot of people, and I mean a massive amount

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of people swear there is no star. It's just a crown,

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a simple, jagged crown. But if you look at your

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cup right now, or pull up the image on your phone,

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there is a prominent five pointed star right in the

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center of the crown. It's not subtle, it's huge. It

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takes up half the crown.

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Speaker 2: And the counter argument, the skeptics explanation usually brings up

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the Burger King logo.

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Speaker 1: Right, Burger King the King, you'd expect a crown in

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the logo. It feels like there should be one, but

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there isn't one. It's just the two bun halves in

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the text.

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Speaker 2: The human brain is funny with associations. You know. We

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associate king with crown, so we imagine a crown on

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the Burger King logo where there isn't one. We associate

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Starbucks with well stars. The word star is in the.

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Speaker 1: Name, so we project a star onto the image.

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Speaker 2: Maybe the brain just fills it in. It says, oh Starbucks,

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star got it, and it just paints one on there

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for you.

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Speaker 1: Maybe that sounds plausible, But the source material we looked

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at mentions a Reddit thread that really throws a wrench

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in that theory. There was a literal Starbucks employee, a

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barista okay, someone who wears the green apron, someone who

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stares at this logo for eight hours a day cleaning coffee,

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spills off it looking at the merch. This person claimed

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they had never noticed the star, never They were convinced

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it wasn't there until a customer pointed it out.

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Speaker 2: Wow. See, that is the inattentional blindness aspect. We see things,

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but we don't observe them. We process the simple Starbucks

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as a whole unit. You don't scan the details.

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Speaker 1: It's like looking at a stop sign. You know, it

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says S do P, so you don't check to see

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if the font has changed.

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Speaker 2: Exactly that, your brain says Starbucks logo and moves on.

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The details are irrelevant to the function.

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Speaker 1: And I'm just pulling on the thread here because that's

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the name of the show.

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Speaker 2: Go on.

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Speaker 1: What if reality is shifting in these subtle ways and

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we're the only ones noticing. What if the star wasn't

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there yesterday?

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Speaker 2: And that is the jump from psychology to the high

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weirdness of the Mandela effect, the idea that these aren't

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memory errors but evidence of shifting timelines, that we are

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sliding between slightly different versions of reality where the only

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difference is a star on a crown or a voice

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line in a video game.

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Speaker 1: It sounds crazy, I know it does, until you start

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hearing stories that are personal, not just logos or video games,

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but the fabric of a person's day tearing open. Right,

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we have this narrative from a Reddit user. The account

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is deleted now, which always adds a little mystery.

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Speaker 2: Right, it does feel like they said too much and

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had to disappear.

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Speaker 1: Exactly this is what they call a personal reality glitch.

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Speaker 2: And this story struck me because of how mundane the

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setting is. It's not a dark and stormy night. It's

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not an abandoned asylum. It's seven point zero pm in the.

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Speaker 1: Suburbs, totally normal. So let's set the scene properly. This

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user is taking their usual evening walk. It's a routine

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headphones in, walking down the street. Everything is normal, the

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sun is setting. Then they pass a kid on a bike.

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Speaker 2: Very standard suburban occurrence, right.

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Speaker 1: But as the kid passes, the user gets this feeling,

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a profound, sinking sense of deja vu. They feel certain, absolutely,

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one hundred percent certain that they had already passed this

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specific kid going the same direction earlier in the walk. Yeah,

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that's weird, but they brush it off. I'm tired. Maybe

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it's a different kid with the same red shirt. Then

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they walk past their neighbor's house.

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Speaker 2: And this is where the details get sticky. This is

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where it stops being a feeling and starts being like

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actual data.

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Speaker 1: Exactly. They look at the neighbor's car in the driveway.

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They know this car, they see it every single day,

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but the license plate is completely different, not just to

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digit off, a completely different state, different numbers. It's the

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right make and model, the right color, but the wrong plate.

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Speaker 2: And just to clarify, the user implies they know the

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usual plate, they're familiar with it.

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Speaker 1: Yes, they imply they know the car well enough to

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notice a swap. It's their neighbor. But it gets weirder.

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They keep walking, heart probably beating a little faster, and

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they pass the house that usually has specific decorations on

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the porch. Okay, now, the users specifically remember seeing the

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owners swap those decorations out a few days prior. They

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watched the change happen. They saw the old ones go

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in a box and the new ones go up.

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Speaker 2: They witness the update.

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Speaker 1: Yes, but on this walk the old decorations are back.

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Speaker 2: So we have a reversion. The timeline is rolled back

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on the porch.

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Speaker 1: To core exactly old decorations, wrong license plate, repeating kit

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on a bike. The user goes home, probably feeling like

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they're losing their mind.

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Speaker 2: You'd have to be.

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Speaker 1: Probably didn't even tell anyone, because how do you explain that, honey,

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the neighbor's license plate is wrong. You sound crazy?

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Speaker 2: Right?

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Speaker 1: They go to sleep. The next morning, they walk the

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route again, and the result everything is back to normal.

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The license plate is the correct one, the one they

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knew originally. The porch decorations are the new ones, the

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ones they saw being put up days ago. The glitches

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over the old decorations are gone again.

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Speaker 2: Wow. What fascinates me here is the can consistency of

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the Uncanny Valley feeling these reports described. The narrator felt

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the glish before they saw the evidence. They felt that

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sense of wrongness when the kid passed.

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Speaker 1: It's like the matrix logic, right when they change something,

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you get that sense of disorientation. It's a physiological response

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to reality and not matching the map in your head.

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Speaker 2: From a skeptical perspective, though we have to play devil's advocate,

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we could talk about fatigue. We could talk about autopilot

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processing with the brain substitute's old memories, like the old

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decorations for current reality, because it's tired and it's simpler

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to render the old image than process the new one.

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Speaker 1: But the license clate, that's a very specific detail to hallucinate,

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and the reversion seeing the old stuff then the new

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stuff again, that's not just a blur, that's a continuity error.

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Speaker 2: It is it's hard to explain away. But if we

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connect this to the bigger picture, stories like this tap

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into a universal fear that reality is unstable. We want

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the world to be permanent. We want object permanence to

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apply to the entire universe. When objects change state without

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our permission, it violates our core understanding of physics. It

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implies we aren't standing on concrete, We're standing on thin ice.

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Speaker 1: Okay, so that's a story on a forum. It's spooky,

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it's unsettling, But skeptics can easily say that guy was

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just tired. He needs to get more sleep.

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Speaker 2: Right, it's anecdotal, So let's pivot.

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Speaker 1: Let's move from anecdotal evidence, which is easy to dismiss,

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to the hardest of hard sciences. Let's talk about the

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machine that is literally designed to break reality to see

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what's inside. Let's talk about CERN.

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Speaker 2: The large hedgromchlider, the most complex machine ever built by humanity.

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Speaker 1: There is a theory of pop culture conspiracy almost that

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CERN actually broke reality a few years ago and we

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shifted into a weird timeline. That's why everything feels so

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chaotic lately.

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Speaker 2: I've heard that one.

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Speaker 1: But we aren't going to speculate on that the source

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material highlights a specific published anomaly involving top quarks.

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Speaker 2: Yes, and this isn't conspiracy. This is published data in

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peer reviewed journals. This is real. Okay.

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Speaker 1: So what happens there?

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Speaker 2: At cern? They smash particles together at near light speed.

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The resulting explosion creates a shower of new particles. Usually

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this is just chaotic, it's random. It's like smashing two

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watches together and trying to figure out how they were

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built by looking at the springs flying everywhere.

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Speaker 1: But a few years ago they saw something that shouldn't happen.

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Speaker 2: They were looking at top quarks. Now it's important to

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understand what a top quark is. They are the heaviest

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known elementary particle, and they are incredibly short lived. They

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exist for a tiny, tiny fraction of a second before decaying.

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Speaker 1: So they're basically ghosts. They appear in vanish almost instantly, exactly.

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Speaker 2: And because they are created in these violent, high speed collisions,

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they're usually flying apart from each other at incredible velocities.

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Logic and classical physics dictates that once they fly apart,

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they are separate entities.

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Speaker 1: They're two different bullets fired in opposite directions. They shouldn't

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know what the other one is doing.

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Speaker 2: They don't have cell phones, they can't signal each other.

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Isn't enough time for a signal to travel between them,

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even at the speed of light. That is the key constraint.

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The speed of light is the cosmic speed limit. If

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particle A changes particle B shouldn't know about it until

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a light signal could reach it. But researchers noticed a pattern.

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Two top quarks created in the same collision, flying apart,

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were acting as if they were still connected.

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Speaker 1: What does that mean acting connective?

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Speaker 2: It means their properties were linked, specifically their spin. Think

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of it like a top spinning. If one spun a

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certain way, the other matched it instantly, instantly across a distance.

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This is the hallmark of quantum entanglement.

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Speaker 1: Spooky action at a distance. That's what Einstein called it exactly.

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Speaker 2: He hated the idea, but usually we see entanglement and

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very controlled, delicate setups in cryogenically cooled labs. To see

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it here at the highest energies humans have ever produced,

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amidst the chaos of a particle collision, it's shocking.

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Speaker 1: What does it imply.

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Speaker 2: It suggests that the universe at a fundamental level maintains

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connections that defy our understanding of space and time separation.

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Speaker 1: So even when things are ripped apart at the speed

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of light, they are still one thing.

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Speaker 2: In a way. Yes, space might not separate things as

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absolutely as we think. Distance might be an illusion. And

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if the building blocks of reality, these quirks can ignore

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distance and time to stay connected, it raises some pretty

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serious questions about the structure of the macro world we

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live in.

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Speaker 1: If the bricks are magic, maybe the houses too.

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Speaker 2: That is a poetic way to put it. It suggests

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that separation is a construct of our perception, not a

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fundamental truth of the universe.

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Speaker 1: Okay, so we have particles that ignore space. Now let's

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talk about particles that seem to have an opinion on time.

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This one blew my mind because I always thought time

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was just time. It ticks forward, that's it.

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Speaker 2: But this next one, this is about the physics of

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time direction.

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Speaker 1: And this brings us to the Beabar experiment.

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Speaker 2: Babar sounds like a cartoon elephant, but it's actually a

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high tech facility in California, And back in twenty twelve

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there were looking at b mesons.

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Speaker 1: B mesons, what are they.

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Speaker 2: They're fascinating particles because they switch states. They oscillate between

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matter and antimatter. Imagine a coin flipping itself over and

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over and over again while it flies through the air. Okay,

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the researchers analyze billions of these transitions.

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Speaker 1: Now, in classical physics, the stuff we learn in high school,

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time is supposed to be symmetrical. Right, Can you explain

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what that means theoretically?

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Speaker 2: Yes, Think about a game of pool. You hit the

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cue ball, it hits the eight ball, and a scatter.

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If you film that interaction and play the film backward,

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it still looks like realistic physics.

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Speaker 1: Sure, the balls just come back together.

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Speaker 2: Balls come together, transfer energy, and the cueball stops. The

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laws of motion work forward and backward equally. Well, there

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is no mathematical reason why time has to go forward

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in that equation. This is called time reversal symmetry.

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Speaker 1: So if time is just a dimension like length or width,

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we should be able to walk back and forth along

402
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it just as easily. But the Babbar experiment found something else.

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Speaker 2: It did.

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Speaker 1: They found that the universe isn't a pool table.

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Speaker 2: They found a violation. They found that these b mezsins

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would change from state A to state B at a

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certain rate, but the reverse process, changing from state B

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back to state A happened at a different rate.

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Speaker 1: Wait, hold on, explain that so the door opens easily

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one way, but it's heavy to push the other way.

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Speaker 2: That is a perfect analogy. The forward behavior didn't match

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the backward behavior. One of the reports explicitly stated a

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violation of time reversal symmetry. It effectively means that the

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movie played backward doesn't look right. The physics don't match up.

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Speaker 1: So the universe actually has a preference. It prefers time

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to move.

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Speaker 2: Forward at the quantum level. Yes, it implies that the

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arrow of time, the fact that we remember the past

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but not the future, isn't just a quirk of human

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perception or entropy.

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Speaker 1: It's not just in our heads.

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Speaker 2: It's baked into the fundamental laws of particle physics. The

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universe resists rewinding.

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Speaker 1: That feels validating in a way. It's not just us

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getting older. The universe really does want to move forward.

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But and here is the butt that keeps me up

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at night. Just because the universe prefers forward doesn't mean

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backward is impossible.

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Speaker 2: Exactly. It just means it's.

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Speaker 1: Harder, and that brings us to the concept of time loops,

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because even if the door is heavy, you can still

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push it open if you push hard enough.

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Speaker 2: Which leads us into our next section simulating time loops.

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Speaker 1: Now, we aren't talking about a Dolorean hitting eighty eight

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miles per hour. We aren't talking about HG. Wells. We're

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talking about a study from Australia twenty fourteen.

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Speaker 2: Twenty fifteen, correct, the University of Queensland. They were investigating

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closed timelike curves.

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Speaker 1: Which is the fancy physicist way of saying time loop.

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Speaker 2: Precisely a path through space time that returns to its

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starting point. Now, to be clear, they didn't send a

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macro object like an apple or a person back in time.

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Speaker 1: No time traveling apples, got it.

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Speaker 2: They simulated the mathematics of a time loop using Quibitt's

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quantum bits.

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Speaker 1: Okay, I need you to break this down because my

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brain starts to melt when we talk about quantum computing.

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How does one simulate a time loop without actually building

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a time machine.

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Speaker 2: So they use two quippets. Quibit one represented the present

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version of a particle Quibui represented the past version of

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that same particle, and they entangled them.

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Speaker 1: Okay, so they are connected like the top quarks.

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Speaker 2: Yes, and they set up an interaction where the state

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of the present could affect the past and the past

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could affect the present. It's a feedback.

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Speaker 1: Loop, like the grandfather paradox.

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Speaker 2: Exactly like the grandfather paradox. If you go back in

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time and stop your grandfather from meeting your grandmother, you

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are never born, so you can't go back in time.

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It's a logical contradiction. It breaks causality. But in this

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quantum simulation, something amazing happened. The particles adjusted the probability

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distribution shifted so that the paradox never happened. It's like

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the universe self corrected, like a.

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Speaker 1: Snake eating its own tail, but the tail moves so

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the snake doesn't choke.

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Speaker 2: In a sense. And the results were staggering. In a

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normal computer or a normal timeline, there are limits to

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what you can solve. But in this closed loop simulation,

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the particles could solve problems that are normally impossible for

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linear computers. What kind of problems distinguishing between quantum states

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that should be indistinguishable. It implies that if time loops

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are possible, the rules of logic and computing change completely.

474
00:22:19,559 --> 00:22:21,880
Speaker 1: It's like using the answer key from the future to

475
00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:22,240
take the.

476
00:22:22,240 --> 00:22:26,279
Speaker 2: Test in the past effectively. Yes, it suggests that if

477
00:22:26,319 --> 00:22:31,400
causality isn't a straight line, information processing becomes infinitely more powerful.

478
00:22:31,640 --> 00:22:34,839
It's a paradox. Yeah, But in their simulation, the MAV

479
00:22:34,920 --> 00:22:35,359
held up.

480
00:22:35,720 --> 00:22:38,599
Speaker 1: So we have particles that stay connected across space. We

481
00:22:38,680 --> 00:22:42,680
have particles that prefer forward time but hint at backward possibilities.

482
00:22:43,039 --> 00:22:46,079
We have simulations of time loops where the universe edits

483
00:22:46,079 --> 00:22:49,680
itself to avoid paradoxes. But these are all quantum things,

484
00:22:49,799 --> 00:22:52,440
tiny things. It's easy to say, well, that happens in

485
00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:54,039
a microscope, not in my living room.

486
00:22:54,400 --> 00:22:55,079
Speaker 2: A fair point.

487
00:22:55,400 --> 00:22:57,880
Speaker 1: So let's talk about something big, something we use every

488
00:22:57,960 --> 00:23:00,839
day on our phones. Let's talk about how time dilation

489
00:23:01,119 --> 00:23:04,000
is not a theory but an engineering fact.

490
00:23:04,160 --> 00:23:06,440
Speaker 2: This is one of my favorite examples because it involves

491
00:23:06,440 --> 00:23:10,759
commercial airplanes and atomic clocks. It's the hefel keating experiment.

492
00:23:11,119 --> 00:23:13,880
Speaker 1: I love this story because it sounds like a buddy comedy.

493
00:23:14,279 --> 00:23:17,559
The year is nineteen seventy one. Joseph Heffel and Richard

494
00:23:17,640 --> 00:23:19,559
Keating have a wild idea, a.

495
00:23:19,680 --> 00:23:20,720
Speaker 2: Really wild idea.

496
00:23:20,839 --> 00:23:22,839
Speaker 1: They want to prove Einstein right. But they don't have

497
00:23:22,839 --> 00:23:24,160
a spaceship. So what do they do?

498
00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:28,200
Speaker 2: They do the next best thing. They take four atomic clocks,

499
00:23:28,720 --> 00:23:32,759
caesium beam atomic clocks, which are incredibly precise time keepers,

500
00:23:33,359 --> 00:23:36,039
and they buy tickets on commercial flights to fly around

501
00:23:36,079 --> 00:23:36,480
the world.

502
00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:41,079
Speaker 1: Just picture that, two guys in suits lugging these massive,

503
00:23:41,200 --> 00:23:45,319
sensitive scientific instruments onto a pan Am flight. Excuse me, ma'am,

504
00:23:45,319 --> 00:23:47,640
Can I put my atomic clock in the overhead bin?

505
00:23:47,839 --> 00:23:49,880
Speaker 2: It was exactly like that. I read that they booked

506
00:23:49,920 --> 00:23:51,839
seats for the clocks they called the mist clock.

507
00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:55,200
Speaker 1: That's amazing. So the setup they leave a set of

508
00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:58,400
identical atomic clocks on the ground at the US Naval

509
00:23:58,400 --> 00:24:01,839
Observatory as a control group. Those clocks aren't moving.

510
00:24:01,839 --> 00:24:04,720
Speaker 2: Right, that's the baseline. Then have failed and Keating fly

511
00:24:04,799 --> 00:24:09,279
around the world twice, once eastward, once westward. They land.

512
00:24:09,440 --> 00:24:11,799
They gather the clocks and they compare them to the

513
00:24:11,839 --> 00:24:12,960
ones that stayed on the ground.

514
00:24:13,119 --> 00:24:15,240
Speaker 1: And this is the moment of truth. Did they match?

515
00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:16,200
Speaker 2: They did not match.

516
00:24:16,319 --> 00:24:18,720
Speaker 1: The clocks that flew were different from the clocks that stayed.

517
00:24:18,839 --> 00:24:22,119
Speaker 2: Yes, and they differed, and exactly the way Einstein's general

518
00:24:22,160 --> 00:24:23,960
and special relativity predicted they would.

519
00:24:24,119 --> 00:24:26,279
Speaker 1: Let's break that down. Why did they differ? Why does

520
00:24:26,319 --> 00:24:27,799
getting on a plane change time?

521
00:24:28,039 --> 00:24:31,640
Speaker 2: Okay, so there are two fighting factors here. First, velocity.

522
00:24:32,279 --> 00:24:36,000
Special relativity says, the faster you move, the slower time

523
00:24:36,079 --> 00:24:38,599
ticks for you relative to a stationary observer.

524
00:24:39,519 --> 00:24:43,039
Speaker 1: So moving fast keeps you young minimally.

525
00:24:43,279 --> 00:24:45,640
Speaker 2: Yes, if you moved at the speed of light, time

526
00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:49,039
would stop for you. But planes aren't that fast. However,

527
00:24:49,440 --> 00:24:51,519
there is the second factor.

528
00:24:50,920 --> 00:24:52,720
Speaker 1: Gravity general relativity.

529
00:24:52,799 --> 00:24:55,400
Speaker 2: General relativity says that the further you are from a

530
00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:59,559
heavy mass like the Earth, the faster time ticks. Gravity

531
00:24:59,559 --> 00:25:00,559
slows down time.

532
00:25:01,039 --> 00:25:03,480
Speaker 1: So being high up in a plane means less gravity,

533
00:25:03,559 --> 00:25:06,960
which speeds up time. Being fast and a plane slows

534
00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:08,279
down time. It's a tug of war.

535
00:25:08,599 --> 00:25:11,319
Speaker 2: Exactly. When they flew eastward, the velocity of the plane

536
00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:13,440
added to the rotation of the Earth. They were moving

537
00:25:13,559 --> 00:25:15,680
very fast relative to the center of the Earth. The

538
00:25:15,720 --> 00:25:18,960
slowing down effect one, they lost time. Their clocks were

539
00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:21,400
behind the ground clocks over they were flying against the

540
00:25:21,400 --> 00:25:24,079
Earth's rotation, so their net speed was lower. The height

541
00:25:24,119 --> 00:25:27,720
effectless gravity one They gained time. Their clocks were ahead

542
00:25:27,759 --> 00:25:28,519
of the ground clocks.

543
00:25:28,599 --> 00:25:31,039
Speaker 1: We're talking nanoseconds here, right, We're not talking about them

544
00:25:31,079 --> 00:25:32,960
coming back years younger we are.

545
00:25:33,839 --> 00:25:37,279
Speaker 2: But it was measurable. It proved that time is not absolute.

546
00:25:37,559 --> 00:25:40,160
Time is personal. It depends on your speed and your

547
00:25:40,160 --> 00:25:43,119
position in gravity. Your head age is slightly faster than

548
00:25:43,160 --> 00:25:45,319
your feet because your head is further from the Earth's

549
00:25:45,359 --> 00:25:46,200
center of gravity.

550
00:25:46,519 --> 00:25:49,440
Speaker 1: That is a deeply disturbing thought. But for anyone thinking

551
00:25:49,440 --> 00:25:52,279
who cares about nanoseconds, I'm late for work anyway, you

552
00:25:52,319 --> 00:25:53,839
should care. If you use GPS.

553
00:25:53,920 --> 00:25:57,680
Speaker 2: This is the Sowet moment. This is the practical application GPS.

554
00:25:57,720 --> 00:26:01,799
Satellites are zooming around the Earth at thirteen thousand kilometers.

555
00:26:01,359 --> 00:26:03,440
Speaker 1: Per hour, so that slows their time down, But.

556
00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:06,559
Speaker 2: There are also twenty thousand kilometers up in space.

557
00:26:06,319 --> 00:26:08,200
Speaker 1: Which speeds their time up. The tug of.

558
00:26:08,160 --> 00:26:10,960
Speaker 2: War again, and the speeding up effect is actually stronger.

559
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:14,079
For satellites. Their clocks tick faster than clocks on Earth

560
00:26:14,400 --> 00:26:16,359
by about thirty eight microseconds per day.

561
00:26:16,559 --> 00:26:18,599
Speaker 1: Thirty eight microseconds. That sounds like.

562
00:26:18,599 --> 00:26:21,000
Speaker 2: Nothing in the world of light speed signals. It is

563
00:26:21,039 --> 00:26:25,279
in eternity. If engineers didn't program the satellites to compensate

564
00:26:25,279 --> 00:26:28,680
for these relativistic effects. If they didn't intentionally slow the

565
00:26:28,759 --> 00:26:31,400
clocks down before launch, the system would fail.

566
00:26:31,519 --> 00:26:32,759
Speaker 1: How bad would it be if.

567
00:26:32,680 --> 00:26:37,000
Speaker 2: They treated time as absolute? Your GPS accuracy would drift

568
00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:41,839
by roughly ten kilometers every single day. Ten kilometers, Yes,

569
00:26:42,079 --> 00:26:45,720
within days, the entire system would be useless. You'd look

570
00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:47,240
for a coffee shop and your phone would tell you

571
00:26:47,279 --> 00:26:48,440
it's in the next county over.

572
00:26:48,920 --> 00:26:50,759
Speaker 1: So the fact that my phone knows I'm at the

573
00:26:50,799 --> 00:26:54,240
specific intersection is proof that time travel, or at least

574
00:26:54,279 --> 00:26:57,279
time manipulation, is real. It's happening right now.

575
00:26:57,400 --> 00:27:00,440
Speaker 2: It is proof that time is malleable. We are ineering

576
00:27:00,480 --> 00:27:03,200
around the curvature of space time. Every time we open

577
00:27:03,240 --> 00:27:06,440
Google Maps, we are literally navigating using warped time.

578
00:27:06,759 --> 00:27:09,759
Speaker 1: That is wild. It makes you realize how fragile our

579
00:27:09,880 --> 00:27:13,440
linear perception is. It only works because we move slow.

580
00:27:13,200 --> 00:27:15,279
Speaker 2: And stay on the ground precisely.

581
00:27:15,640 --> 00:27:18,440
Speaker 1: Okay, so we've done the micro with quantum, the personal

582
00:27:18,440 --> 00:27:21,680
with psychology, and the planetary with GPS. Now I want

583
00:27:21,680 --> 00:27:23,480
to go bigger. I want to go cosmic.

584
00:27:23,720 --> 00:27:24,160
Speaker 2: Let's do it.

585
00:27:24,279 --> 00:27:27,000
Speaker 1: Let's talk about the fly By anomaly because it sounds

586
00:27:27,039 --> 00:27:28,519
like something out of a sci fi novel where the

587
00:27:28,519 --> 00:27:29,640
ship just disappears.

588
00:27:29,920 --> 00:27:33,839
Speaker 2: This is a mystery that has plagued space agencies for decades.

589
00:27:34,200 --> 00:27:35,640
It's one of those things they don't like to talk

590
00:27:35,640 --> 00:27:36,920
about because it doesn't make sense.

591
00:27:37,359 --> 00:27:40,799
Speaker 1: So the concept is simple. We launch a probe like

592
00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:45,240
Galileo or Rosetta or Near to get it to Jupiter

593
00:27:45,440 --> 00:27:48,160
or a comet. We don't have enough fuel to fly

594
00:27:48,279 --> 00:27:51,160
straight there, so we use Earth as a slingshot.

595
00:27:51,359 --> 00:27:56,039
Speaker 2: Correct gravity assists the spacecraft dives toward Earth, steals a

596
00:27:56,079 --> 00:27:58,920
little bit of momentum from our planet's orbit, and flings

597
00:27:58,920 --> 00:28:03,119
itself outward, fasts its standard orbital mechanics. It's high school

598
00:28:03,119 --> 00:28:04,680
physics on a massive scale.

599
00:28:04,799 --> 00:28:05,960
Speaker 1: But there's always a butt.

600
00:28:06,039 --> 00:28:08,599
Speaker 2: But when they looked at the telemetry data for these

601
00:28:08,720 --> 00:28:13,359
missions Galileo, near Rosetta, the numbers were wrong. Raw how

602
00:28:13,519 --> 00:28:15,759
the spacecraft were coming out of the sling shot moving

603
00:28:15,880 --> 00:28:19,160
faster than the math predicted, A lot faster. No, tiny amounts,

604
00:28:19,519 --> 00:28:20,680
a few millimeters.

605
00:28:20,720 --> 00:28:23,519
Speaker 1: Few millimeters, that's nothing. That sounds like a rounding.

606
00:28:23,279 --> 00:28:27,119
Speaker 2: Error in space exploration, where you were traveling billions of kilometers,

607
00:28:27,400 --> 00:28:29,960
a few millimeters per second of error means you missed

608
00:28:29,960 --> 00:28:33,960
the planet entirely. Precision is everything. A few millimeters per

609
00:28:33,960 --> 00:28:36,400
second of unaccounted speed is a massive red flag.

610
00:28:36,599 --> 00:28:38,839
Speaker 1: It's like finding extra money in your buff account that

611
00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:42,359
you didn't earn. Where did the energy come from? Physics

612
00:28:42,400 --> 00:28:44,599
says energy cannot be created or destroyed.

613
00:28:44,839 --> 00:28:48,200
Speaker 2: That is the question, and scientists have looked at everything.

614
00:28:48,240 --> 00:28:51,839
They checked atmospheric drag, they checked ocean tides, they checked

615
00:28:51,880 --> 00:28:55,400
the magnetic field, they checked the spin of the Earth. Ah,

616
00:28:55,559 --> 00:28:59,920
nothing fits all the cases. Some theories suggest it's related

617
00:28:59,960 --> 00:29:03,400
to Earth's rotation, a frame dragging effect that our current

618
00:29:03,400 --> 00:29:08,279
physics formulas aren't capturing perfectly. Others call it a time anomaly,

619
00:29:08,799 --> 00:29:12,640
suggesting the spacecraft's movement through time isn't lining up with

620
00:29:12,680 --> 00:29:13,920
our predictions.

621
00:29:13,759 --> 00:29:16,200
Speaker 1: So the spacecraft might be dipping into a slightly different

622
00:29:16,200 --> 00:29:17,880
flow of time during the flyby.

623
00:29:18,079 --> 00:29:20,960
Speaker 2: It's one of the more exotic possibilities, but it really

624
00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:24,920
just suggests that our formula for gravity is well incomplete.

625
00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:27,880
It is a literal gap in the map, a blind

626
00:29:27,880 --> 00:29:29,440
spot in our physics.

627
00:29:29,160 --> 00:29:32,119
Speaker 1: That is unsettling. We think we have the universe figured out,

628
00:29:32,119 --> 00:29:33,920
and then a spaceship just decides to go a little

629
00:29:33,920 --> 00:29:37,039
bit faster for no reason. Speaking of not knowing everything,

630
00:29:37,480 --> 00:29:41,240
let's talk about the ultimate unknown, the drain of the universe,

631
00:29:41,559 --> 00:29:46,160
black holes, and specifically the information paradox.

632
00:29:46,440 --> 00:29:48,960
Speaker 2: This is the heavyweight champion of physics problems. This is

633
00:29:48,960 --> 00:29:50,640
the one that kept even Hawking up at night.

634
00:29:51,079 --> 00:29:54,000
Speaker 1: So Hawking changed the game when he realized black holes

635
00:29:54,039 --> 00:29:57,240
aren't truly black. They emit radiation.

636
00:29:57,640 --> 00:30:01,440
Speaker 2: Hawking radiation. He discovered that black black holes slowly lose

637
00:30:01,519 --> 00:30:05,599
energy over eons. Eventually they will shrink and evaporate completely.

638
00:30:06,079 --> 00:30:07,000
Boof gone.

639
00:30:07,119 --> 00:30:10,640
Speaker 1: Okay, so the black hole disappears. Why is that a paradox?

640
00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:11,440
Why is that a.

641
00:30:11,319 --> 00:30:14,799
Speaker 2: Problem because of what fell inside? Imagine you throw library

642
00:30:14,839 --> 00:30:19,079
into a black hole, millions of books, histories, biographies, scientific data,

643
00:30:19,279 --> 00:30:22,759
that is information. According to quantum mechanics the laws of

644
00:30:22,799 --> 00:30:25,960
the small. Information cannot be destroyed. It can be scrambled,

645
00:30:26,079 --> 00:30:28,240
like burning a book to ash. But in theory, if

646
00:30:28,279 --> 00:30:30,440
you had a supercomputer, you can analyze the ash and

647
00:30:30,519 --> 00:30:34,240
smoke and reconstruct the book. The rule is everything that

648
00:30:34,319 --> 00:30:35,599
happens leaves a trace.

649
00:30:35,759 --> 00:30:38,640
Speaker 1: But if the black hole evaporates, if the black.

650
00:30:38,359 --> 00:30:41,759
Speaker 2: Hole evaporates completely, and the radiation coming out is just

651
00:30:41,920 --> 00:30:45,240
random heat. Where did the library go? Where did the

652
00:30:45,279 --> 00:30:49,359
information go? It's gone deleted, and that breaks physics. If

653
00:30:49,359 --> 00:30:52,119
information can be destroyed, then we can't predict the past

654
00:30:52,240 --> 00:30:54,720
or the future. History becomes erasable.

655
00:30:55,119 --> 00:30:58,079
Speaker 1: That is a terrifying thought, that the universe has a

656
00:30:58,079 --> 00:30:58,759
delete button.

657
00:30:58,920 --> 00:31:02,240
Speaker 2: It creates a massive conflict between our theory of gravity

658
00:31:02,359 --> 00:31:06,359
general relativity, which predicts black holes, and our theory of

659
00:31:06,400 --> 00:31:10,519
the small quantum mechanics. They're fighting over whether history is permanent.

660
00:31:10,839 --> 00:31:13,559
Speaker 1: So we have a situation where either Einstein is wrong

661
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:17,480
or quantum mechanics is wrong, or both are incomplete.

662
00:31:17,640 --> 00:31:20,400
Speaker 2: Exactly in the extreme gravity of a black hole, our

663
00:31:20,480 --> 00:31:24,799
understanding of time, cause and effect breaks down completely. Some

664
00:31:24,839 --> 00:31:27,160
physicists think the information is stored on the surface of

665
00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:30,640
the black hole the event horizon, like a hologram. Others

666
00:31:30,680 --> 00:31:32,960
think it leaks out in the radiation in a subtle code.

667
00:31:33,279 --> 00:31:35,160
But right now it's an anomaly.

668
00:31:35,319 --> 00:31:37,640
Speaker 1: It suggests that deep down the universe might not be

669
00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:39,559
as cause and effect as we need it to be.

670
00:31:39,880 --> 00:31:41,279
Speaker 2: It might not be man.

671
00:31:41,960 --> 00:31:43,880
Speaker 1: We have covered a lot of ground today. My head

672
00:31:43,880 --> 00:31:44,720
is spinning a little bit.

673
00:31:44,880 --> 00:31:48,160
Speaker 2: We have is a lot to digest all at once.

674
00:31:48,400 --> 00:31:51,039
Speaker 1: We started with a logo on a coffee cup, something

675
00:31:51,119 --> 00:31:53,960
so small and trivial that you wouldn't think twice about it.

676
00:31:54,079 --> 00:31:56,440
We move to weird memories of video games, where we

677
00:31:56,440 --> 00:31:59,079
hear voices that don't exist. Then we went to the

678
00:31:59,119 --> 00:32:02,279
sub atomic find particles that are connected across space and time.

679
00:32:02,640 --> 00:32:04,839
We looked at clocks that change speed just by getting

680
00:32:04,880 --> 00:32:06,920
on a plane, and we ended at the edge of

681
00:32:06,920 --> 00:32:09,240
a black hole where history might be getting deleted.

682
00:32:09,720 --> 00:32:12,440
Speaker 2: It creates a compelling picture, doesn't it. When you lay

683
00:32:12,480 --> 00:32:13,200
it all out like.

684
00:32:13,160 --> 00:32:17,000
Speaker 1: That, it does. It makes the line between misremembering and

685
00:32:17,160 --> 00:32:20,720
reality shifting feel a lot thinner. When I hear about

686
00:32:20,759 --> 00:32:25,000
b Massan's violating time symmetry, suddenly my memory of the

687
00:32:25,000 --> 00:32:28,079
Starbucks star feels, I don't know, less like a mistake

688
00:32:28,119 --> 00:32:29,799
and more like a symptom of something bigger.

689
00:32:30,079 --> 00:32:32,279
Speaker 2: And that is the value of this kind of inquiry.

690
00:32:32,960 --> 00:32:36,640
Science is about finding the anomalies. We polish our theories

691
00:32:36,720 --> 00:32:39,200
until they are shiny and perfect, and then we find

692
00:32:39,200 --> 00:32:42,359
that one little thing that flyby anomaly, that top quark

693
00:32:42,440 --> 00:32:46,000
behavior that doesn't fit. That jagged edge is where the

694
00:32:46,039 --> 00:32:47,480
next discovery is hiding.

695
00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:48,920
Speaker 1: And it's where the magic is precisely.

696
00:32:49,400 --> 00:32:51,599
Speaker 2: We shouldn't fear the glitches, we should study them. The

697
00:32:51,599 --> 00:32:53,599
glitches are where the system reveals itself.

698
00:32:53,839 --> 00:32:55,799
Speaker 1: So here is where we leave it with you. We've

699
00:32:55,799 --> 00:32:57,440
thrown a lot of what ifs at you. We've talked

700
00:32:57,440 --> 00:32:59,440
about physics and psychology, but I want to bring it

701
00:32:59,480 --> 00:33:01,759
back to your experience. We want to hear your data

702
00:33:01,759 --> 00:33:05,279
points exactly now. I want to ask you, yes, specifically

703
00:33:05,319 --> 00:33:08,559
you listening to this, have you ever experienced a moment

704
00:33:08,759 --> 00:33:12,799
where reality just didn't line up? A memory that everyone

705
00:33:12,799 --> 00:33:16,839
else denies, A glitch in your daily routine, like the

706
00:33:16,920 --> 00:33:19,799
license plate or the repeating bike that you simply can't

707
00:33:19,799 --> 00:33:22,079
explain away with I was tired.

708
00:33:22,519 --> 00:33:25,400
Speaker 2: Are you an observer of a fixed reality or are

709
00:33:25,440 --> 00:33:27,680
you a participant in a shifting timeline?

710
00:33:27,880 --> 00:33:30,480
Speaker 1: Conder that, really, think about it, and if you have

711
00:33:30,519 --> 00:33:33,200
a story, don't keep it to yourself. Leave a comment,

712
00:33:33,359 --> 00:33:36,440
send us a message. We want to know because if

713
00:33:36,559 --> 00:33:39,440
enough of us are seeing the glitches, maybe they aren't glitches.

714
00:33:39,559 --> 00:33:42,920
Speaker 2: Maybe they're features. A fascinating thought to end on.

715
00:33:43,200 --> 00:33:45,559
Speaker 1: Thanks for joining us on thrilling threads. Keep pulling the

716
00:33:45,599 --> 00:33:47,160
thread and see what unravels.

717
00:33:47,240 --> 00:33:47,920
Speaker 2: Until next time,