Speaker 1: I want to mention something that's fascinating. If people go
Speaker 1: to USGS dot gov, this is fascinating. The past day,
Speaker 1: thirty nine earthquakes worldwide and I'm amazed at this. So
Speaker 1: USGS is incredible. I want you to describe the organization
Speaker 1: the government agency in the moment. But I'm looking here, doctor,
Speaker 1: fifty four earthquakes the other day. Thirty nine earthquakes in
Speaker 1: the recent twenty four hours, and some as high as
Speaker 1: a six point two on the Richter scale. That's incredible.
Speaker 1: I mean, is that something you see all the time,
Speaker 1: that number of earthquakes or is this something that's just all.
Speaker 2: The time to you all the time. And so the
Speaker 2: thing is, so let's talk a little bit about earthquakes
Speaker 2: and why yes, absolutely well, we think of the Earth
Speaker 2: we live on as something that's rigid, solid and just
Speaker 2: completely sturdy, but the Earth is really a dynamic planet.
Speaker 2: There's always motion happening at depth, and we are living
Speaker 2: on the very very very surface cross the cross of
Speaker 2: the Earth is really really not thick. I mean, in
Speaker 2: the ocean's five to ten kilometers and the continental continental
Speaker 2: cross is twenty five feet seventy kilometers of fifteen to
Speaker 2: forty fifty forty five miles. It's not that sick. I
Speaker 2: mean when you think of the radius of the earth,
Speaker 2: which is what doctor skuy yes, if.
Speaker 1: You look at it, I look at the right, I
Speaker 1: look at the diameter, and twenty six miles. I guess
Speaker 1: I'm stuck on mileage. And you know, it's amazing doctor,
Speaker 1: the guest that we have. Everybody talks, I guess in
Speaker 1: the scientific term of kilometers. But maybe I better get
Speaker 1: with the program and understand the conversion, right.
Speaker 2: Well, yes, yes, but anyways, just a matter of scale,
Speaker 2: this is we're just if you think of you blow
Speaker 2: bubbles with soap, we're just the surface of that. That's
Speaker 2: where we're. So that's a cross and there's multiple layers
Speaker 2: in the earth, and you know, there's a core that's solid,
Speaker 2: there's a part that that liquid, and then there's the
Speaker 2: mantle that's kind of a transition transitional space there. And
Speaker 2: the crust is really the upper stiff part that is there.
Speaker 2: And what happens in the mantle underneath us it's semi fluids,
Speaker 2: it's not completely solid. There's convection cells underneath, and and
Speaker 2: what what is a convection convection cell is that you
Speaker 2: have a motion of matter and heat that goes kind
Speaker 2: of in a circle and it kind of feeds things
Speaker 2: like your one what do you call that? The what
Speaker 2: do you call that? I'm sorry? In the airport, the
Speaker 2: the thing that moves so the crust, the crust is
Speaker 2: pushed by you know, like a conveyor belt. And physically
Speaker 2: we have if you remember from like let me country school, great,
Speaker 2: you know high school, there's a lot of there's tectonic plates, right,
Speaker 2: So the cross itself is kind of formed by these
Speaker 2: these shapes that embricate next to each other and they're
Speaker 2: just touching each other, and we have not underneath imagine
Speaker 2: these convection cells that really want to push the plates
Speaker 2: and move them. So the earth is there and there's
Speaker 2: always this motion, and eventually the plates they want to move,
Speaker 2: they want to move, and eventually those the forces are
Speaker 2: too strong and something breaks and that creates an earthquake.
Speaker 2: And the biggest earthquakes, as you mentioned, along the Pacific
Speaker 2: Ring of Fire, they happen in the in the zone,
Speaker 2: in subduction zones where the oceanic crust those under the
Speaker 2: continental cross and creates massive earthquakes. And then after that
Speaker 2: there's other areas where there's a little bit less act,
Speaker 2: and if you're in the middle of the continent, you
Speaker 2: would think, well, you know, that's completely stable. There's still
Speaker 2: a lot of forces happening there that even though you're
Speaker 2: far away from a limit or the contact of a tectonically,
Speaker 2: there's still a lot of forces. And at some point
Speaker 2: the crust just a little bit, and an earthquake is
Speaker 2: just the material that breaks very fast, and that's what
Speaker 2: causes earthquake. And the Earth is constantly adjusting, and so
Speaker 2: these earthquakes happen all over the world all the.
Speaker 1: Time, a living, breathing entity of the Earth, as doctor
Speaker 1: Gouley is describing, getting in in the theater of the mind,
Speaker 1: your conversation and your questions, of course, makes the show possible.
Speaker 1: With of course are great. Yes, the contact number one
Speaker 1: eight hundred eight four eight nine two two two. We
Speaker 1: hope that everybody out there will have questions and concerns
Speaker 1: about earthquakes, as we did do a deep dive into
Speaker 1: this interesting subject. I want to bring something to the
Speaker 1: attention of people on the West coast of the United
Speaker 1: States and see your contribution to this. In your opinion,
Speaker 1: the Cascadia Subduction Zone. This is an area, as you
Speaker 1: probably know better off the Oregon coast and in the
Speaker 1: year seventeen hundred, this incredible, they say, and I'm reading
Speaker 1: this eight point seven to nine point two earthquake happened
Speaker 1: off the coast of Oregon, creating a gigantic tsunami and
Speaker 1: also it being felt over all the way across the
Speaker 1: ocean to Japan. But here's the concern, and not to
Speaker 1: alarm people if they're listening to us in Oregon or Washington,
Speaker 1: that probably was one of the most devastating near part
Speaker 1: of the United States, I think in recent history. But
Speaker 1: isn't that incredible? I mean, describe that because could it
Speaker 1: eventually slip again? This san Juanda Fuca I guess plate
Speaker 1: off the coast of California, Oregon and moving up into Canada.
Speaker 1: That's an incredible stories that you can comment on. That's amazing.
Speaker 2: Yes, absolutely, And there's again so I know it's hard
Speaker 2: to explain. I'm gonna try to explain that visually. It's
Speaker 2: already talked about those tectonic plates, right, and the Earth
Speaker 2: doesn't change volume, it doesn't grow, it doesn't shrink, it's
Speaker 2: the same, so it needs to when something moves, if
Speaker 2: something something is created, something needs to get destructive. And
Speaker 2: what we have in the middle of our oceans is
Speaker 2: those ridges where there's new cross that forms and it
Speaker 2: pushes the oceanic cross towards the continent and then it
Speaker 2: arrives near the continent, and the oceanic crust is very dense,
Speaker 2: much denser than the continental cross, and it kind of
Speaker 2: sinks on the neat right, and I'm simplifying here. It
Speaker 2: sinks a little bit. But as it sinks and it
Speaker 2: dies into it, really it sticks in it. And that's
Speaker 2: what creates those earthquakes. And so this subduction zone, that's
Speaker 2: what it means. Subduction is going on there. It's the
Speaker 2: oceanic cross that goes on there. And that's what's happening
Speaker 2: on the all the West coast actually not just America,
Speaker 2: South America as well Chile. The largest ever recorded earthquake
Speaker 2: in nineteen sixty was a nine point five just offshore
Speaker 2: of Chile.
Speaker 1: So amazing.
Speaker 2: Yeah, it happened also in Cascadia. It will happen again
Speaker 2: when we don't know exactly when, but for sure it
Speaker 2: will happen again. It's going to be similar to what
Speaker 2: was seen in Japan just a few years ago, or
Speaker 2: Indonesia in two thousand and four. These types of earthquakes
Speaker 2: are subduction earthquakes.
Speaker 1: And I got a point to bring up here, doctor,
Speaker 1: this is amazing according to the information I'm getting here,
Speaker 1: the wand if you could play it off, that Pacific
Speaker 1: Ocean area only slipped by sixty six feet. Now imagine
Speaker 1: we can measure and look at what sixty six feet
Speaker 1: is causing that much of a disturbance in in an ocean,
Speaker 1: causing a tsunami to be felt. And according to this report,
Speaker 1: it states that inland in Oregon way back, a massive
Speaker 1: title wave wiped out a big portion of forest over there.
Speaker 1: So the earth is obviously, you know, constantly changing, constantly,
Speaker 1: a dynamic in dynamic events, that's just incredible for people
Speaker 1: to comprehend.
Speaker 2: It's absolutely fascinating. It's a force of nature that when
Speaker 2: you go through, you live through an earthquake, you realize
Speaker 2: that nature is extremely powerful. And you mentioned the tsunami.
Speaker 2: There's multiple mechanisms that cause that. But we have this subduction.
Speaker 2: So imagine that the oceanic cross again is diving underneath,
Speaker 2: gets stuck, gets stuck, and then there's an earthquake, it
Speaker 2: gets relieved sometimes and quite often what will happen is
Speaker 2: then the constant across kind of goes down a little bit,
Speaker 2: and then the near shore gets flooded, I mean permanently
Speaker 2: for a long time. But the tsunami is generated because
Speaker 2: there's a sudden motion underneath the ocean. Right, there's southern
Speaker 2: movement that can be like sixty right. It just imagine,
Speaker 2: well that all the water needs to go somewhere and
Speaker 2: to lift big volume, and it needs to go somewhere.
Speaker 2: So the tsunami then is generated from the movement of
Speaker 2: the cross due to the earthquake.