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<v Speaker 1>I want to mention something that's fascinating. If people go

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<v Speaker 1>to USGS dot gov, this is fascinating. The past day,

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<v Speaker 1>thirty nine earthquakes worldwide and I'm amazed at this. So

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<v Speaker 1>USGS is incredible. I want you to describe the organization

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<v Speaker 1>the government agency in the moment. But I'm looking here, doctor,

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<v Speaker 1>fifty four earthquakes the other day. Thirty nine earthquakes in

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<v Speaker 1>the recent twenty four hours, and some as high as

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<v Speaker 1>a six point two on the Richter scale. That's incredible.

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, is that something you see all the time,

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<v Speaker 1>that number of earthquakes or is this something that's just all.

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<v Speaker 2>The time to you all the time. And so the

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<v Speaker 2>thing is, so let's talk a little bit about earthquakes

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<v Speaker 2>and why yes, absolutely well, we think of the Earth

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<v Speaker 2>we live on as something that's rigid, solid and just

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<v Speaker 2>completely sturdy, but the Earth is really a dynamic planet.

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<v Speaker 2>There's always motion happening at depth, and we are living

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<v Speaker 2>on the very very very surface cross the cross of

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<v Speaker 2>the Earth is really really not thick. I mean, in

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<v Speaker 2>the ocean's five to ten kilometers and the continental continental

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<v Speaker 2>cross is twenty five feet seventy kilometers of fifteen to

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<v Speaker 2>forty fifty forty five miles. It's not that sick. I

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<v Speaker 2>mean when you think of the radius of the earth,

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<v Speaker 2>which is what doctor skuy yes, if.

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<v Speaker 1>You look at it, I look at the right, I

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<v Speaker 1>look at the diameter, and twenty six miles. I guess

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<v Speaker 1>I'm stuck on mileage. And you know, it's amazing doctor,

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<v Speaker 1>the guest that we have. Everybody talks, I guess in

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<v Speaker 1>the scientific term of kilometers. But maybe I better get

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<v Speaker 1>with the program and understand the conversion, right.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, yes, yes, but anyways, just a matter of scale,

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<v Speaker 2>this is we're just if you think of you blow

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<v Speaker 2>bubbles with soap, we're just the surface of that. That's

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<v Speaker 2>where we're. So that's a cross and there's multiple layers

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<v Speaker 2>in the earth, and you know, there's a core that's solid,

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<v Speaker 2>there's a part that that liquid, and then there's the

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<v Speaker 2>mantle that's kind of a transition transitional space there. And

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<v Speaker 2>the crust is really the upper stiff part that is there.

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<v Speaker 2>And what happens in the mantle underneath us it's semi fluids,

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<v Speaker 2>it's not completely solid. There's convection cells underneath, and and

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<v Speaker 2>what what is a convection convection cell is that you

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<v Speaker 2>have a motion of matter and heat that goes kind

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<v Speaker 2>of in a circle and it kind of feeds things

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<v Speaker 2>like your one what do you call that? The what

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<v Speaker 2>do you call that? I'm sorry? In the airport, the

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<v Speaker 2>the thing that moves so the crust, the crust is

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<v Speaker 2>pushed by you know, like a conveyor belt. And physically

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<v Speaker 2>we have if you remember from like let me country school, great,

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<v Speaker 2>you know high school, there's a lot of there's tectonic plates, right,

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<v Speaker 2>So the cross itself is kind of formed by these

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<v Speaker 2>these shapes that embricate next to each other and they're

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<v Speaker 2>just touching each other, and we have not underneath imagine

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<v Speaker 2>these convection cells that really want to push the plates

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<v Speaker 2>and move them. So the earth is there and there's

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<v Speaker 2>always this motion, and eventually the plates they want to move,

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<v Speaker 2>they want to move, and eventually those the forces are

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<v Speaker 2>too strong and something breaks and that creates an earthquake.

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<v Speaker 2>And the biggest earthquakes, as you mentioned, along the Pacific

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<v Speaker 2>Ring of Fire, they happen in the in the zone,

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<v Speaker 2>in subduction zones where the oceanic crust those under the

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<v Speaker 2>continental cross and creates massive earthquakes. And then after that

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<v Speaker 2>there's other areas where there's a little bit less act,

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<v Speaker 2>and if you're in the middle of the continent, you

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<v Speaker 2>would think, well, you know, that's completely stable. There's still

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<v Speaker 2>a lot of forces happening there that even though you're

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<v Speaker 2>far away from a limit or the contact of a tectonically,

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<v Speaker 2>there's still a lot of forces. And at some point

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<v Speaker 2>the crust just a little bit, and an earthquake is

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<v Speaker 2>just the material that breaks very fast, and that's what

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<v Speaker 2>causes earthquake. And the Earth is constantly adjusting, and so

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<v Speaker 2>these earthquakes happen all over the world all the.

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<v Speaker 1>Time, a living, breathing entity of the Earth, as doctor

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<v Speaker 1>Gouley is describing, getting in in the theater of the mind,

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<v Speaker 1>your conversation and your questions, of course, makes the show possible.

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<v Speaker 1>With of course are great. Yes, the contact number one

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<v Speaker 1>eight hundred eight four eight nine two two two. We

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<v Speaker 1>hope that everybody out there will have questions and concerns

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<v Speaker 1>about earthquakes, as we did do a deep dive into

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<v Speaker 1>this interesting subject. I want to bring something to the

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<v Speaker 1>attention of people on the West coast of the United

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<v Speaker 1>States and see your contribution to this. In your opinion,

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<v Speaker 1>the Cascadia Subduction Zone. This is an area, as you

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<v Speaker 1>probably know better off the Oregon coast and in the

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<v Speaker 1>year seventeen hundred, this incredible, they say, and I'm reading

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<v Speaker 1>this eight point seven to nine point two earthquake happened

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<v Speaker 1>off the coast of Oregon, creating a gigantic tsunami and

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<v Speaker 1>also it being felt over all the way across the

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<v Speaker 1>ocean to Japan. But here's the concern, and not to

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<v Speaker 1>alarm people if they're listening to us in Oregon or Washington,

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<v Speaker 1>that probably was one of the most devastating near part

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<v Speaker 1>of the United States, I think in recent history. But

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<v Speaker 1>isn't that incredible? I mean, describe that because could it

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<v Speaker 1>eventually slip again? This san Juanda Fuca I guess plate

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<v Speaker 1>off the coast of California, Oregon and moving up into Canada.

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<v Speaker 1>That's an incredible stories that you can comment on. That's amazing.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, absolutely, And there's again so I know it's hard

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<v Speaker 2>to explain. I'm gonna try to explain that visually. It's

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<v Speaker 2>already talked about those tectonic plates, right, and the Earth

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<v Speaker 2>doesn't change volume, it doesn't grow, it doesn't shrink, it's

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<v Speaker 2>the same, so it needs to when something moves, if

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<v Speaker 2>something something is created, something needs to get destructive. And

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<v Speaker 2>what we have in the middle of our oceans is

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<v Speaker 2>those ridges where there's new cross that forms and it

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<v Speaker 2>pushes the oceanic cross towards the continent and then it

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<v Speaker 2>arrives near the continent, and the oceanic crust is very dense,

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<v Speaker 2>much denser than the continental cross, and it kind of

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<v Speaker 2>sinks on the neat right, and I'm simplifying here. It

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<v Speaker 2>sinks a little bit. But as it sinks and it

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<v Speaker 2>dies into it, really it sticks in it. And that's

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<v Speaker 2>what creates those earthquakes. And so this subduction zone, that's

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<v Speaker 2>what it means. Subduction is going on there. It's the

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<v Speaker 2>oceanic cross that goes on there. And that's what's happening

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<v Speaker 2>on the all the West coast actually not just America,

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<v Speaker 2>South America as well Chile. The largest ever recorded earthquake

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<v Speaker 2>in nineteen sixty was a nine point five just offshore

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<v Speaker 2>of Chile.

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<v Speaker 1>So amazing.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it happened also in Cascadia. It will happen again

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<v Speaker 2>when we don't know exactly when, but for sure it

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<v Speaker 2>will happen again. It's going to be similar to what

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<v Speaker 2>was seen in Japan just a few years ago, or

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<v Speaker 2>Indonesia in two thousand and four. These types of earthquakes

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<v Speaker 2>are subduction earthquakes.

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<v Speaker 1>And I got a point to bring up here, doctor,

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<v Speaker 1>this is amazing according to the information I'm getting here,

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<v Speaker 1>the wand if you could play it off, that Pacific

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<v Speaker 1>Ocean area only slipped by sixty six feet. Now imagine

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<v Speaker 1>we can measure and look at what sixty six feet

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<v Speaker 1>is causing that much of a disturbance in in an ocean,

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<v Speaker 1>causing a tsunami to be felt. And according to this report,

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<v Speaker 1>it states that inland in Oregon way back, a massive

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<v Speaker 1>title wave wiped out a big portion of forest over there.

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<v Speaker 1>So the earth is obviously, you know, constantly changing, constantly,

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<v Speaker 1>a dynamic in dynamic events, that's just incredible for people

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<v Speaker 1>to comprehend.

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<v Speaker 2>It's absolutely fascinating. It's a force of nature that when

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<v Speaker 2>you go through, you live through an earthquake, you realize

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<v Speaker 2>that nature is extremely powerful. And you mentioned the tsunami.

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<v Speaker 2>There's multiple mechanisms that cause that. But we have this subduction.

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<v Speaker 2>So imagine that the oceanic cross again is diving underneath,

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<v Speaker 2>gets stuck, gets stuck, and then there's an earthquake, it

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<v Speaker 2>gets relieved sometimes and quite often what will happen is

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<v Speaker 2>then the constant across kind of goes down a little bit,

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<v Speaker 2>and then the near shore gets flooded, I mean permanently

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<v Speaker 2>for a long time. But the tsunami is generated because

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<v Speaker 2>there's a sudden motion underneath the ocean. Right, there's southern

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<v Speaker 2>movement that can be like sixty right. It just imagine,

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<v Speaker 2>well that all the water needs to go somewhere and

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<v Speaker 2>to lift big volume, and it needs to go somewhere.

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<v Speaker 2>So the tsunami then is generated from the movement of

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<v Speaker 2>the cross due to the earthquake.