WEBVTT

1
00:00:00.120 --> 00:00:02.319
<v Speaker 1>Your flat out and your to do list is grown

2
00:00:02.359 --> 00:00:05.799
<v Speaker 1>by the minute, but unfortunately so is your headache. And

3
00:00:05.879 --> 00:00:11.599
<v Speaker 1>now you've gone from flat out to flattened. Luckily, Panadal

4
00:00:11.759 --> 00:00:15.039
<v Speaker 1>extra film coated tablets are boosted by caffeine and they

5
00:00:15.039 --> 00:00:18.000
<v Speaker 1>get to work in as little as ten minutes for

6
00:00:18.160 --> 00:00:21.679
<v Speaker 1>powerful relief. That's more than just paracetamol. That's one for

7
00:00:21.800 --> 00:00:26.199
<v Speaker 1>Pana doll speed based on absorption data contains paracetamol. Always

8
00:00:26.199 --> 00:00:27.679
<v Speaker 1>read the label or leaflet.

9
00:00:30.280 --> 00:00:30.839
<v Speaker 2>Get value.

10
00:00:30.879 --> 00:00:33.200
<v Speaker 3>You can't argue with fat Tesco with their amazing club

11
00:00:33.240 --> 00:00:36.280
<v Speaker 3>card prices. Serve up something special with our finest meal

12
00:00:36.320 --> 00:00:38.960
<v Speaker 3>deal for two starring one main, two sides and dessert

13
00:00:39.000 --> 00:00:42.200
<v Speaker 3>for only sixteen euro like succulent board, be approved Rush

14
00:00:42.200 --> 00:00:45.600
<v Speaker 3>Angustriploin steaks with pepper corn butter or delicious Firous Chicken

15
00:00:45.640 --> 00:00:48.759
<v Speaker 3>Parmeshama served with creamy potato grat term and her mix

16
00:00:48.799 --> 00:00:53.240
<v Speaker 3>of rainbow root vegetables and enjoyed Goozillionaire or Soldier Caramel cheesecake.

17
00:00:53.439 --> 00:00:56.719
<v Speaker 3>Can't argue with that shop in store or online. Tesco.

18
00:00:57.000 --> 00:01:00.000
<v Speaker 3>Every little helps available the most stores, prices very in express.

19
00:01:00.439 --> 00:01:04.840
<v Speaker 2>Oh hey, it's your favorite thermous rusting in an airport,

20
00:01:04.920 --> 00:01:08.519
<v Speaker 2>lost and found Ali Ward and this is a banger.

21
00:01:08.799 --> 00:01:11.680
<v Speaker 2>This episode is why I make this podcast. It's got

22
00:01:11.719 --> 00:01:15.239
<v Speaker 2>everything you need in one package, actually two packages, because

23
00:01:15.280 --> 00:01:17.680
<v Speaker 2>as I began to work on it, I realized that

24
00:01:17.719 --> 00:01:19.920
<v Speaker 2>it would have been a two hour episode, so we

25
00:01:20.040 --> 00:01:22.879
<v Speaker 2>cracked it in two for easier digestion. It's one of

26
00:01:22.879 --> 00:01:25.879
<v Speaker 2>those classic episodes pe were going to talk about for years. Okay, crabs,

27
00:01:25.920 --> 00:01:28.239
<v Speaker 2>we got crabs. We've got so many crabs. Come with

28
00:01:28.319 --> 00:01:31.000
<v Speaker 2>me to my favorite place, the Natural History Museum of

29
00:01:31.040 --> 00:01:35.640
<v Speaker 2>Los Angeles, through the empty hallways, down basement stairs to

30
00:01:35.719 --> 00:01:39.719
<v Speaker 2>describe what a multi million dollar fortress filled with dead

31
00:01:39.760 --> 00:01:42.640
<v Speaker 2>crabs is like. And it's shelves and shelves and shelves

32
00:01:42.640 --> 00:01:45.480
<v Speaker 2>of crabs. Like I'm looking down the row and I'm like,

33
00:01:45.519 --> 00:01:47.840
<v Speaker 2>that's a crab. That's a crab, though probably a crab,

34
00:01:48.120 --> 00:01:50.439
<v Speaker 2>maybe not a true crab. You'll also meet a very

35
00:01:50.480 --> 00:01:55.000
<v Speaker 2>alive charsonologist, the museum's curator of crustaceans, who has worked

36
00:01:55.040 --> 00:01:58.959
<v Speaker 2>in this watery field for well over a decade, and

37
00:01:59.200 --> 00:02:01.599
<v Speaker 2>he agreed to meet me outside the museum. It was

38
00:02:01.680 --> 00:02:05.159
<v Speaker 2>a recent Chile Sunday morning, and he was carrying a

39
00:02:05.200 --> 00:02:09.560
<v Speaker 2>hefty jangle of keys, wearing a museum lanyard and a

40
00:02:09.599 --> 00:02:13.159
<v Speaker 2>button up shirt with lobster print under a fleece pullover

41
00:02:13.639 --> 00:02:16.240
<v Speaker 2>that was embroidered with the word DISCO. And I thought

42
00:02:16.280 --> 00:02:18.759
<v Speaker 2>this was a pretty jazzy article of clothing, And then

43
00:02:18.800 --> 00:02:22.039
<v Speaker 2>I learned that DISCO stands for the Diversity Initiative for

44
00:02:22.120 --> 00:02:25.199
<v Speaker 2>the Southern California Ocean, which is based in the museum's

45
00:02:25.280 --> 00:02:29.280
<v Speaker 2>Marine Biodiversity Center. Still cool. So he's worked and studied

46
00:02:29.360 --> 00:02:32.719
<v Speaker 2>at the Marine Biodiversity Center and is currently the Associate

47
00:02:32.759 --> 00:02:37.280
<v Speaker 2>director of Special Projects at DISCO. He oversees the collections

48
00:02:37.400 --> 00:02:41.159
<v Speaker 2>of crabby specimens and more at the NHM, making sure

49
00:02:41.159 --> 00:02:44.719
<v Speaker 2>that they're cataloged and digitized and loaned out appropriately, and

50
00:02:44.840 --> 00:02:49.800
<v Speaker 2>his research focuses on taxonomy and population genetics and apparently

51
00:02:50.120 --> 00:02:53.319
<v Speaker 2>fielding not smart questions from ladies that asked to meet

52
00:02:53.400 --> 00:02:55.199
<v Speaker 2>up with him on a Sunday morning, even though he

53
00:02:55.240 --> 00:02:57.479
<v Speaker 2>says lately that he's been working seventays a week to

54
00:02:57.520 --> 00:03:00.560
<v Speaker 2>get a head on cataloging, so I'm not that big

55
00:03:00.599 --> 00:03:03.479
<v Speaker 2>a jerk. So he looks younger than expected for someone

56
00:03:03.479 --> 00:03:06.360
<v Speaker 2>who is so wise in the field of crabs, and

57
00:03:06.639 --> 00:03:10.919
<v Speaker 2>he also has the chillist vibes of any ologist ever

58
00:03:11.000 --> 00:03:14.000
<v Speaker 2>to appear on this program, so you'll enjoy his almost

59
00:03:14.240 --> 00:03:18.080
<v Speaker 2>asmr laid back in very dry musings in a moment.

60
00:03:18.159 --> 00:03:20.960
<v Speaker 2>But first, thank you to everyone who submitted questions for

61
00:03:21.080 --> 00:03:23.800
<v Speaker 2>this episode. We got so many. I recorded a tour

62
00:03:24.080 --> 00:03:27.319
<v Speaker 2>of the crab collections in here, so this swelled into

63
00:03:27.319 --> 00:03:29.400
<v Speaker 2>two parts and next week it's just wall to wall

64
00:03:29.439 --> 00:03:32.319
<v Speaker 2>your questions, and you can submit questions for future episodes

65
00:03:32.319 --> 00:03:35.039
<v Speaker 2>by joining Patreon for a mere dollar a month at

66
00:03:35.039 --> 00:03:37.439
<v Speaker 2>patreon dot com slash ologies. It's linked in the show notes.

67
00:03:37.599 --> 00:03:40.919
<v Speaker 2>Thanks also to everyone wearing shirts and hats from ologiesmerch

68
00:03:41.000 --> 00:03:42.919
<v Speaker 2>dot com so you can find each other out in

69
00:03:42.960 --> 00:03:44.840
<v Speaker 2>the wild. And of course thank you to everyone rating

70
00:03:44.879 --> 00:03:47.719
<v Speaker 2>and subscribing, which helps the show so much and as

71
00:03:47.800 --> 00:03:50.879
<v Speaker 2>proof I read every review. Here is a just harvested

72
00:03:50.919 --> 00:03:53.479
<v Speaker 2>one from seven five six four one one who wrote

73
00:03:53.520 --> 00:03:57.120
<v Speaker 2>this is my go to podcast. Pick any episode at random,

74
00:03:57.280 --> 00:04:00.199
<v Speaker 2>it will be amazing. Also thanks Jennifer Ellis Chandler who

75
00:04:00.240 --> 00:04:03.159
<v Speaker 2>left or review saying I'm in love. One suggestion. Make

76
00:04:03.199 --> 00:04:05.360
<v Speaker 2>it easier to select and keep playing your shows on

77
00:04:05.400 --> 00:04:08.439
<v Speaker 2>Apple podcasts. It keeps playing other stuff after I've done

78
00:04:08.439 --> 00:04:10.759
<v Speaker 2>with one of your episodes. I just want to keep

79
00:04:10.800 --> 00:04:12.639
<v Speaker 2>listening to and I really wish I could stack up

80
00:04:12.639 --> 00:04:15.520
<v Speaker 2>your episodes that I want to listen to. Jennifer, thank

81
00:04:15.560 --> 00:04:18.439
<v Speaker 2>you for touching on a recent change in Apple podcasts

82
00:04:18.720 --> 00:04:22.279
<v Speaker 2>which does not AutoPlay or auto download even when you're subscribed.

83
00:04:22.279 --> 00:04:24.720
<v Speaker 2>So podcasters are freaking out about this. They hate this.

84
00:04:25.160 --> 00:04:28.000
<v Speaker 2>So either listen via another app that's not Apple, like

85
00:04:28.040 --> 00:04:31.279
<v Speaker 2>Spotify or pocket casts or Podbay or overcast or whatever,

86
00:04:31.519 --> 00:04:33.600
<v Speaker 2>or you can just download a bunch in a row.

87
00:04:33.879 --> 00:04:37.959
<v Speaker 2>It's kind of a funky new user interface for iOS seventeen.

88
00:04:38.240 --> 00:04:41.360
<v Speaker 2>Either way, we'll see what happens. Okay, Carsonology comes from

89
00:04:41.360 --> 00:04:44.639
<v Speaker 2>the Greek carcinos for crab, and yes, of course we

90
00:04:44.720 --> 00:04:47.600
<v Speaker 2>will discuss related words in the episode. You're about to

91
00:04:47.680 --> 00:04:51.360
<v Speaker 2>learn about what crabs are not actually crabs, The biggest

92
00:04:51.519 --> 00:04:55.120
<v Speaker 2>land crabs in the world, the secret history of secret spices,

93
00:04:55.319 --> 00:04:59.240
<v Speaker 2>Amelia Earhart rumors the giant invasive crabs of Norway behind

94
00:04:59.240 --> 00:05:03.040
<v Speaker 2>the scenes, Hollywood crabs, sea monkeys, hairy crabs, permit crabs,

95
00:05:03.120 --> 00:05:06.759
<v Speaker 2>pet crabs, crab dongs, crab butts, crab butters, and so

96
00:05:06.879 --> 00:05:12.439
<v Speaker 2>much more. With Gentlemen scholar, curator, and carcinologist Adam Wall.

97
00:05:30.879 --> 00:05:32.519
<v Speaker 2>I'm going to make sure that your input level is

98
00:05:32.560 --> 00:05:35.720
<v Speaker 2>good too, because you're a more quiet talker than I am.

99
00:05:37.079 --> 00:05:37.959
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, I am.

100
00:05:38.439 --> 00:05:42.759
<v Speaker 2>No, that's great. I am Adam Wall him carcinology. You

101
00:05:42.800 --> 00:05:47.240
<v Speaker 2>are a carcinologist. Your Twitter handle is carcinologists correct. Yes, yeah,

102
00:05:47.319 --> 00:05:50.360
<v Speaker 2>so you were easy to decide on. I did not

103
00:05:50.560 --> 00:05:54.560
<v Speaker 2>know about your work until the great Cinnamon Toast Crunch

104
00:05:54.560 --> 00:05:55.160
<v Speaker 2>shrimp debate.

105
00:05:55.759 --> 00:05:58.560
<v Speaker 4>Yes, of two years ago? Is that only two years ago?

106
00:05:58.639 --> 00:06:00.879
<v Speaker 2>I think it was two years ago. I think it

107
00:06:00.879 --> 00:06:01.519
<v Speaker 2>was two years ago.

108
00:06:01.560 --> 00:06:03.279
<v Speaker 4>I can't be you because it would have been two

109
00:06:03.319 --> 00:06:07.120
<v Speaker 4>years ago. Was during COVID and I was interacting with

110
00:06:07.160 --> 00:06:08.160
<v Speaker 4>people in the real world.

111
00:06:08.399 --> 00:06:10.560
<v Speaker 2>I thought this is a good Okay, I'll fact check

112
00:06:10.600 --> 00:06:13.439
<v Speaker 2>that and put it aside. The year was twenty twenty one.

113
00:06:13.600 --> 00:06:17.120
<v Speaker 2>The month March, an LA comedy writer and his actress

114
00:06:17.160 --> 00:06:20.079
<v Speaker 2>wife purchased a family size box of Cinnamon Toast Crunch

115
00:06:20.120 --> 00:06:23.720
<v Speaker 2>cereal at a local costco, and, with an appropriate amount

116
00:06:23.800 --> 00:06:27.480
<v Speaker 2>of horror, discovered two shrimp tails in the bottom like

117
00:06:27.519 --> 00:06:31.600
<v Speaker 2>a children's prize. Now carp with this popular Twitter account

118
00:06:31.839 --> 00:06:34.480
<v Speaker 2>let the world know and tagged cinnamon toast crunch, and

119
00:06:34.720 --> 00:06:39.519
<v Speaker 2>a media frenzy ensued when the cereals social media insisted

120
00:06:39.560 --> 00:06:42.399
<v Speaker 2>that the shrimp tails were just clumps of sugar and spice.

121
00:06:42.839 --> 00:06:46.639
<v Speaker 2>He was looking for someone to figure out if they

122
00:06:46.639 --> 00:06:49.399
<v Speaker 2>were really shrimp. Do you remember anything that happened from there?

123
00:06:50.600 --> 00:06:56.160
<v Speaker 4>I remember being at the museum and people talking about

124
00:06:56.199 --> 00:07:01.079
<v Speaker 4>this and everyone because this museum, like you have an

125
00:07:01.120 --> 00:07:06.839
<v Speaker 4>ologist to ask, right, So people were asking me, Adam,

126
00:07:06.920 --> 00:07:11.439
<v Speaker 4>have you seen this cinnamon TOAs shrimp thing? What do

127
00:07:11.480 --> 00:07:13.759
<v Speaker 4>you think? And I'm like, I don't know. Let me

128
00:07:13.800 --> 00:07:16.480
<v Speaker 4>get on Twitter look at this. Because I'm never on

129
00:07:16.519 --> 00:07:20.839
<v Speaker 4>Twitter at work, I swear, so I remember seeing it

130
00:07:21.040 --> 00:07:26.720
<v Speaker 4>and thinking this is ludicrous. Who cares about this? And

131
00:07:26.759 --> 00:07:31.040
<v Speaker 4>then I remember thinking I'm involved in this really cool

132
00:07:31.079 --> 00:07:36.800
<v Speaker 4>project called DISCO, which is a museum project Diversity Initiative

133
00:07:36.839 --> 00:07:43.800
<v Speaker 4>or Southern California Ocean, which is collecting DNA sequences from

134
00:07:44.360 --> 00:07:47.000
<v Speaker 4>all the marine animals up and down the entire coast

135
00:07:47.000 --> 00:07:51.560
<v Speaker 4>of California, taking specimens, putting them into the museum's collections,

136
00:07:52.199 --> 00:07:58.279
<v Speaker 4>putting those sequences into a DNA database that anyone in

137
00:07:58.319 --> 00:08:01.920
<v Speaker 4>the world can use called Gembank, which is basically the

138
00:08:02.040 --> 00:08:07.600
<v Speaker 4>perfect tool or taking any random tissue sample, sequencing the

139
00:08:07.680 --> 00:08:11.079
<v Speaker 4>DNA out of that sample, and then definitively saying what

140
00:08:11.120 --> 00:08:15.120
<v Speaker 4>it was. Right. So I was like, I think the

141
00:08:15.160 --> 00:08:17.480
<v Speaker 4>best thing for vis would be if someone was to

142
00:08:18.279 --> 00:08:22.000
<v Speaker 4>do some DNA extraction on whatever thing is in this

143
00:08:22.160 --> 00:08:26.879
<v Speaker 4>photo and then use this really amazing molecular tool that

144
00:08:26.879 --> 00:08:32.879
<v Speaker 4>we're using to basically identify specimens called DNA bar coding,

145
00:08:33.120 --> 00:08:36.440
<v Speaker 4>and do that to it. And I suggested that we

146
00:08:36.639 --> 00:08:38.840
<v Speaker 4>do that, and then the whole thing kind of just

147
00:08:38.960 --> 00:08:42.480
<v Speaker 4>like went away. Basically no one wanted to do anything.

148
00:08:42.639 --> 00:08:44.279
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, did you ever get the shrimptails?

149
00:08:44.720 --> 00:08:47.759
<v Speaker 4>I never got the shrimptails, so we'll never know.

150
00:08:48.080 --> 00:08:51.039
<v Speaker 2>We'll never know, Okay, So side note. Within forty eight

151
00:08:51.039 --> 00:08:54.519
<v Speaker 2>hours of shrimp Gate hitting the internet, thanks got sticky

152
00:08:54.679 --> 00:08:59.240
<v Speaker 2>when Karp's former girlfriends and colleagues entered the chat to

153
00:08:59.440 --> 00:09:02.120
<v Speaker 2>assert that he was not the coolest dude. A note,

154
00:09:02.320 --> 00:09:04.559
<v Speaker 2>I know mister Carp, and he was always cool to me,

155
00:09:04.679 --> 00:09:07.639
<v Speaker 2>but as we know, that means buckus. Anyway. A Twitter

156
00:09:07.720 --> 00:09:12.559
<v Speaker 2>user named Batmanda summed up the surreal shrimp episode thusly,

157
00:09:13.080 --> 00:09:16.919
<v Speaker 2>a man named Karp married to a woman named Fischel

158
00:09:17.320 --> 00:09:20.120
<v Speaker 2>found shrimptails in a box of cinnamon toast crunch. The

159
00:09:20.200 --> 00:09:24.200
<v Speaker 2>cereal was purchased from the Costco on Topanga Canyon Boulevard,

160
00:09:24.519 --> 00:09:28.600
<v Speaker 2>and his wife played Topanga in Boy Meets World and

161
00:09:28.679 --> 00:09:30.759
<v Speaker 2>here we are. Yeah, it went away, but that's how

162
00:09:30.759 --> 00:09:32.759
<v Speaker 2>I became aware of your work. And I was like, well,

163
00:09:32.759 --> 00:09:36.399
<v Speaker 2>regardless of what happens with this shrimptail in cinnamon toast crunch,

164
00:09:36.639 --> 00:09:38.519
<v Speaker 2>we may never know. I was like, good to know

165
00:09:38.600 --> 00:09:41.519
<v Speaker 2>that we have a local carcinologist who's really on top

166
00:09:41.519 --> 00:09:45.440
<v Speaker 2>of the shit. Even those shrimps are not crabs.

167
00:09:45.960 --> 00:09:48.480
<v Speaker 4>They are not crabs, so they are crustaceans, and carcinology

168
00:09:48.600 --> 00:09:51.360
<v Speaker 4>talks about all crustaceans, does it really Yeah?

169
00:09:51.440 --> 00:09:53.240
<v Speaker 2>Why did I think it was just crabs? It's not

170
00:09:53.320 --> 00:09:54.159
<v Speaker 2>deca podology.

171
00:09:54.720 --> 00:09:56.840
<v Speaker 4>No, I would be like a decapodologist.

172
00:09:57.120 --> 00:10:00.559
<v Speaker 2>I guess what would a decapodologist study versus what a

173
00:10:00.600 --> 00:10:04.440
<v Speaker 2>crustacean expert or carcinologist was study. Because I know you

174
00:10:04.480 --> 00:10:05.919
<v Speaker 2>love taxonomy and semantics.

175
00:10:05.960 --> 00:10:10.759
<v Speaker 4>Okay, so let us start at a higher level, right, Okay,

176
00:10:10.879 --> 00:10:18.080
<v Speaker 4>So there's life, animal kingdom, and then there's always different

177
00:10:18.080 --> 00:10:24.159
<v Speaker 4>phylam So the phylum are for Poda is the things

178
00:10:24.200 --> 00:10:29.639
<v Speaker 4>with etsoskeletons and join it appendages. And then below that

179
00:10:29.679 --> 00:10:33.080
<v Speaker 4>there's a thing called a subphylum, and that's what Crustacea is.

180
00:10:33.399 --> 00:10:39.200
<v Speaker 4>Inside of that subphylum that is Crustacea are a whole

181
00:10:39.240 --> 00:10:45.519
<v Speaker 4>bunch of cool things like shrimps, crabs, roly polleys, like isopods.

182
00:10:45.519 --> 00:10:49.559
<v Speaker 4>The thing that I studied a lot ostrocods, sea monkeys,

183
00:10:50.000 --> 00:10:56.399
<v Speaker 4>fairy shrimp, Remipedes rempede is a thing that was discovered

184
00:10:56.399 --> 00:11:00.679
<v Speaker 4>by this absolutely amazing female researcher cave diver. They are

185
00:11:00.720 --> 00:11:05.960
<v Speaker 4>animals that only live in subterranean caves with water, and

186
00:11:06.519 --> 00:11:10.679
<v Speaker 4>they are really cool, pretty rare. We have a Feuman

187
00:11:10.720 --> 00:11:14.960
<v Speaker 4>collection nice, yeah, and was discovered super like. It's very

188
00:11:14.960 --> 00:11:17.399
<v Speaker 4>distantly related to every can Elsiu's like its own order.

189
00:11:17.480 --> 00:11:21.120
<v Speaker 4>Maybe so it's in the Crustacea group, but it's very

190
00:11:21.159 --> 00:11:23.480
<v Speaker 4>distantly related to most of the things that we think

191
00:11:23.480 --> 00:11:29.200
<v Speaker 4>of as crustaceans. So below all those things are these

192
00:11:29.279 --> 00:11:33.440
<v Speaker 4>uther subdivisions. So you have the decapoda, which are the

193
00:11:33.559 --> 00:11:36.639
<v Speaker 4>crustaceans that have ten legs for all intents and purposes,

194
00:11:37.159 --> 00:11:42.600
<v Speaker 4>and then dividing that into smaller subgroups, there are the Kardia,

195
00:11:42.639 --> 00:11:45.279
<v Speaker 4>which are of a true shrimp, which are a group

196
00:11:45.320 --> 00:11:48.080
<v Speaker 4>of things that are very shrimp like. There's maybe fifty

197
00:11:48.120 --> 00:11:50.720
<v Speaker 4>thousand species of them. The vast majority of the things

198
00:11:50.759 --> 00:11:53.480
<v Speaker 4>that people eat that are called shrimp are not true shrimp.

199
00:11:53.559 --> 00:11:56.919
<v Speaker 4>They are in another group which are pelagic and are

200
00:11:56.919 --> 00:12:01.200
<v Speaker 4>in a different evolutionary group, and moves are pene shrimp,

201
00:12:01.919 --> 00:12:05.559
<v Speaker 4>non true shrimp. And then also in the decapoda are

202
00:12:05.840 --> 00:12:11.879
<v Speaker 4>things like hermit crabs and galathead lobsters. But the thing

203
00:12:12.039 --> 00:12:16.559
<v Speaker 4>that most people really love are the true crabs, which

204
00:12:16.600 --> 00:12:19.360
<v Speaker 4>are decopods and they are in the group bragan era.

205
00:12:19.720 --> 00:12:23.159
<v Speaker 2>Would you be a bragnereologist if we just did this

206
00:12:23.200 --> 00:12:29.679
<v Speaker 2>episode on crabs, would this be bragan era ology? I mean,

207
00:12:29.960 --> 00:12:31.799
<v Speaker 2>because I could do a lobster episode, I could do

208
00:12:31.799 --> 00:12:34.679
<v Speaker 2>a shrimp episode, I could do a fairy shrimp episode. Yeah,

209
00:12:34.720 --> 00:12:38.039
<v Speaker 2>there's so many ologies within one that it's kind of

210
00:12:38.080 --> 00:12:40.440
<v Speaker 2>exciting to get deep into one.

211
00:12:40.639 --> 00:12:44.799
<v Speaker 4>Yeah. So I really am more of a carcinologist than

212
00:12:45.559 --> 00:12:46.799
<v Speaker 4>a crab researcher.

213
00:12:46.960 --> 00:12:52.519
<v Speaker 2>Okay, but you can be an entomologist and an irachnologist. Yes,

214
00:12:52.679 --> 00:12:56.000
<v Speaker 2>So if this were a crabs episode, we could get

215
00:12:56.000 --> 00:13:00.000
<v Speaker 2>more granular and it would still apply to you.

216
00:13:00.200 --> 00:13:02.519
<v Speaker 4>Yes, Okay, I could be that person too.

217
00:13:02.639 --> 00:13:08.480
<v Speaker 2>Okay, yeah, just because crabs fucking love them, right, Okay,

218
00:13:08.519 --> 00:13:11.960
<v Speaker 2>first thing, I'm going to ask you what is a crab?

219
00:13:13.200 --> 00:13:15.039
<v Speaker 2>And why are some not true crabs?

220
00:13:15.600 --> 00:13:20.440
<v Speaker 4>Oh that's a really great question. Arbitrary reasons.

221
00:13:20.720 --> 00:13:21.120
<v Speaker 2>Okay.

222
00:13:21.559 --> 00:13:27.720
<v Speaker 4>So a lot of these higher taxonomic names where we

223
00:13:27.720 --> 00:13:30.840
<v Speaker 4>were talking about crabs and things like that versus a

224
00:13:30.919 --> 00:13:36.200
<v Speaker 4>species name, are just useful tools to begin with. For humans.

225
00:13:36.240 --> 00:13:40.879
<v Speaker 4>It was a way to subdivide all these amazing diverse

226
00:13:41.000 --> 00:13:43.360
<v Speaker 4>forms and kind of lump them together and separate them

227
00:13:43.399 --> 00:13:46.279
<v Speaker 4>out from others so we could have these discussions. So

228
00:13:46.759 --> 00:13:51.879
<v Speaker 4>what is a crab? A crab is a crustacean that

229
00:13:52.399 --> 00:13:57.759
<v Speaker 4>shares a handful of morphological traits at this point, so

230
00:13:58.639 --> 00:14:02.120
<v Speaker 4>those traits would be for a true crab a bracking urn.

231
00:14:02.720 --> 00:14:06.320
<v Speaker 4>They have ten appendages, but that's a higher level thing

232
00:14:06.360 --> 00:14:10.080
<v Speaker 4>where it's a decka pot as well. The abdomen is

233
00:14:10.639 --> 00:14:14.919
<v Speaker 4>completely symmetrical left to right, and it is fully tucked

234
00:14:15.080 --> 00:14:18.720
<v Speaker 4>under the four ax so it's folded up and under,

235
00:14:18.759 --> 00:14:21.600
<v Speaker 4>so like a lobster's tail. That's the abdomen of a crustacean.

236
00:14:22.039 --> 00:14:25.360
<v Speaker 4>And to turn a lobster into a crab, a true crab,

237
00:14:25.399 --> 00:14:28.039
<v Speaker 4>you take the tail and you completely tuck it under

238
00:14:28.639 --> 00:14:33.840
<v Speaker 4>and have it be very closely attached to the four

239
00:14:34.080 --> 00:14:36.240
<v Speaker 4>x right on the ventral side.

240
00:14:36.559 --> 00:14:38.759
<v Speaker 2>If you've ever cleaned a crab, I feel like there's

241
00:14:38.799 --> 00:14:43.000
<v Speaker 2>that little hinge type of arrangement. There's a little door

242
00:14:43.039 --> 00:14:44.320
<v Speaker 2>to open on the underside.

243
00:14:44.440 --> 00:14:46.200
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, exactly, So that's the abdomen.

244
00:14:46.360 --> 00:14:47.120
<v Speaker 2>I never knew that.

245
00:14:47.360 --> 00:14:49.240
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, So that would be like the tail of the

246
00:14:49.279 --> 00:14:53.240
<v Speaker 4>lobster and it's been reduced and you say, you see

247
00:14:53.240 --> 00:14:56.600
<v Speaker 4>how you have to like open it. That's another characteristic

248
00:14:56.639 --> 00:14:58.879
<v Speaker 4>of it being a true crab. Like but it's very

249
00:14:58.960 --> 00:15:01.320
<v Speaker 4>tightly tucked up underneath fair and it can be little

250
00:15:01.720 --> 00:15:05.279
<v Speaker 4>hook mechanisms that kind of latch it, especially for males

251
00:15:05.480 --> 00:15:09.320
<v Speaker 4>and for females that aren't gravid that don't have eggs. Females,

252
00:15:09.360 --> 00:15:12.279
<v Speaker 4>that's where they store or eggs on our plaopods. So

253
00:15:12.919 --> 00:15:16.960
<v Speaker 4>that will be really swollen, completely filled with eggs when

254
00:15:17.080 --> 00:15:21.600
<v Speaker 4>a female is in that reproductive stage, and it will

255
00:15:21.600 --> 00:15:24.639
<v Speaker 4>not be closed at all, just be a lot of eggs.

256
00:15:24.639 --> 00:15:26.279
<v Speaker 4>And some species do.

257
00:15:26.200 --> 00:15:29.879
<v Speaker 2>They reproduce by throwing the eggs out and then hoping

258
00:15:30.039 --> 00:15:33.360
<v Speaker 2>someone comes by with like a sperm confetti the gun

259
00:15:33.480 --> 00:15:36.200
<v Speaker 2>or do they actually say like, hey, I saw you

260
00:15:36.240 --> 00:15:39.080
<v Speaker 2>over by the rock. I liked what I saw. Let's

261
00:15:39.120 --> 00:15:40.159
<v Speaker 2>make one billion babies.

262
00:15:40.879 --> 00:15:46.960
<v Speaker 4>So there's a bunch of different strategies for reproduction among

263
00:15:47.000 --> 00:15:50.799
<v Speaker 4>the crustacea because they are so morphologically diverse. Within the

264
00:15:50.840 --> 00:15:54.360
<v Speaker 4>true crabs, there's sperm transfer from male to female, and

265
00:15:54.399 --> 00:15:57.679
<v Speaker 4>then the eggs get fertilized and then they get dispersed

266
00:15:57.720 --> 00:16:00.000
<v Speaker 4>or they can hatch on the female stay depending on

267
00:16:00.039 --> 00:16:03.600
<v Speaker 4>which group it is, and then the larvae swim around

268
00:16:03.600 --> 00:16:04.480
<v Speaker 4>the ocean.

269
00:16:04.600 --> 00:16:06.840
<v Speaker 2>And then it's good luck. I bet a lot of

270
00:16:06.840 --> 00:16:07.440
<v Speaker 2>them get eaten.

271
00:16:08.080 --> 00:16:12.480
<v Speaker 4>Yes, in that group. Now, is this a crabs episode

272
00:16:12.559 --> 00:16:15.440
<v Speaker 4>or is this a crustacean episode? Because the things that

273
00:16:15.480 --> 00:16:17.919
<v Speaker 4>are like near and dear to my heart, like these

274
00:16:17.919 --> 00:16:21.759
<v Speaker 4>marine roly pulleys, they don't have larval stages. They have

275
00:16:22.159 --> 00:16:25.480
<v Speaker 4>mamas that really care about their babies, so they like

276
00:16:25.600 --> 00:16:29.360
<v Speaker 4>brood young in little pouches, and they fully develop inside

277
00:16:29.399 --> 00:16:33.600
<v Speaker 4>the mother's brood pouch marsupium, and then they emerge as

278
00:16:34.000 --> 00:16:38.000
<v Speaker 4>the little bitty baby copies of the adult form. So

279
00:16:38.360 --> 00:16:41.480
<v Speaker 4>precious on a crustacean level. There's a whole bunch of

280
00:16:41.480 --> 00:16:43.240
<v Speaker 4>different strategies.

281
00:16:43.000 --> 00:16:46.080
<v Speaker 2>But just with crabs. It's going to be hard to

282
00:16:46.360 --> 00:16:51.559
<v Speaker 2>just talk about crabs because they're all so interesting and related. Okay,

283
00:16:51.639 --> 00:16:53.919
<v Speaker 2>let's try to focus crabs. We can do this.

284
00:16:54.360 --> 00:16:56.720
<v Speaker 4>What makes a crab a crab, So a bracking aroon

285
00:16:56.799 --> 00:17:00.200
<v Speaker 4>is a true crab. It has a symmetrical AD that

286
00:17:00.320 --> 00:17:04.640
<v Speaker 4>is fully tucked underneath its four ax. And in contrast,

287
00:17:05.319 --> 00:17:09.359
<v Speaker 4>an animarn does not have a symmetrical ADMIN, so it

288
00:17:09.440 --> 00:17:14.839
<v Speaker 4>is twisted letter right, it does not have it fully

289
00:17:15.079 --> 00:17:19.079
<v Speaker 4>attached underneath before ax where it's tightly attached. It can

290
00:17:19.119 --> 00:17:20.920
<v Speaker 4>be like loosely attached and it will hang down a

291
00:17:20.960 --> 00:17:21.359
<v Speaker 4>little bit.

292
00:17:21.640 --> 00:17:27.920
<v Speaker 2>So animura not true crabs. And their name means differently tailed,

293
00:17:28.359 --> 00:17:31.680
<v Speaker 2>and they include krabby creatures that have kind of like

294
00:17:31.720 --> 00:17:34.240
<v Speaker 2>a bustle of a tail, like a hermit crab or

295
00:17:34.279 --> 00:17:37.960
<v Speaker 2>a sand crab or a squat lobster. And the oldest

296
00:17:38.200 --> 00:17:42.240
<v Speaker 2>fossils of these differently tailed animurans are about two hundred

297
00:17:42.559 --> 00:17:46.079
<v Speaker 2>million years old. Now, the true crabs are brachy urrans,

298
00:17:46.200 --> 00:17:48.440
<v Speaker 2>and if you know a little bit of Greek, bracy

299
00:17:48.720 --> 00:17:51.680
<v Speaker 2>means short, and so the true crabs have short, little

300
00:17:51.720 --> 00:17:54.400
<v Speaker 2>tiny tails. And if you've ever turned over a crab

301
00:17:54.480 --> 00:17:57.079
<v Speaker 2>and you saw like a pointed, flappy flap, like a

302
00:17:57.160 --> 00:18:00.160
<v Speaker 2>flattened tucked tail. That's a good way to spot the

303
00:18:00.200 --> 00:18:02.160
<v Speaker 2>true crabs, and they live pretty much everywhere at the

304
00:18:02.200 --> 00:18:04.920
<v Speaker 2>brack urans in fresh water and in salty seas and

305
00:18:04.960 --> 00:18:05.799
<v Speaker 2>in every ocean.

306
00:18:06.119 --> 00:18:10.839
<v Speaker 4>And then also true crabs brack and urns. They have

307
00:18:11.559 --> 00:18:15.799
<v Speaker 4>ten fully visible legs that you can see. Animarons will

308
00:18:15.839 --> 00:18:19.960
<v Speaker 4>often have the fifth pair be very reduced, and we're

309
00:18:20.039 --> 00:18:22.400
<v Speaker 4>either just so small but you can't quite see them,

310
00:18:22.839 --> 00:18:26.680
<v Speaker 4>or they've been modified for a purpose other than locomotion,

311
00:18:27.359 --> 00:18:29.839
<v Speaker 4>and they'll be like tucked inside of their care pace

312
00:18:29.880 --> 00:18:32.039
<v Speaker 4>and they'll use them to claim their gills or something

313
00:18:32.079 --> 00:18:35.039
<v Speaker 4>like that. So like one of the easy ways to

314
00:18:35.160 --> 00:18:37.880
<v Speaker 4>tell a king crab is to look at and see

315
00:18:37.920 --> 00:18:38.759
<v Speaker 4>how many legs it has.

316
00:18:39.160 --> 00:18:40.279
<v Speaker 2>How many does a kinkrab have.

317
00:18:40.599 --> 00:18:46.720
<v Speaker 4>So a true king crab has eight big visible legs,

318
00:18:47.119 --> 00:18:50.319
<v Speaker 4>and then if you look very closely, there is a

319
00:18:50.400 --> 00:18:54.160
<v Speaker 4>nine and ten so another pair that are tucked towards

320
00:18:54.160 --> 00:18:56.920
<v Speaker 4>the back, and sometimes they're up under the care pace

321
00:18:56.920 --> 00:18:59.240
<v Speaker 4>and sometimes they're kind of hanging back. But if you

322
00:18:59.240 --> 00:19:01.279
<v Speaker 4>were to just look at it from ten feet away,

323
00:19:01.279 --> 00:19:03.680
<v Speaker 4>you'd be like, uh, it has eight legs? Why does

324
00:19:03.799 --> 00:19:05.119
<v Speaker 4>this crab have eight legs?

325
00:19:05.440 --> 00:19:07.720
<v Speaker 2>Let's go back to the tour of the crab bunker

326
00:19:07.880 --> 00:19:12.119
<v Speaker 2>under the museum, where wet crabs rested in peace and jars,

327
00:19:12.440 --> 00:19:18.200
<v Speaker 2>where dried specimens rained from above, mounted on shelves and walls,

328
00:19:18.319 --> 00:19:22.680
<v Speaker 2>or holding court over doorways. How do you story your

329
00:19:22.799 --> 00:19:25.759
<v Speaker 2>like king crabs with huge armspans?

330
00:19:26.240 --> 00:19:29.440
<v Speaker 4>You know what's really fun if you like being pedantic

331
00:19:29.440 --> 00:19:33.240
<v Speaker 4>and I like being pedantic. Uugh, King crabs aren't crabs.

332
00:19:33.519 --> 00:19:37.160
<v Speaker 2>No, king crabs are not crabs? What the fuck?

333
00:19:37.559 --> 00:19:37.759
<v Speaker 5>Well?

334
00:19:37.920 --> 00:19:42.240
<v Speaker 4>So king crabs are in that group that's called the anamarans,

335
00:19:42.599 --> 00:19:46.920
<v Speaker 4>and by definition may are not in the what scientists

336
00:19:46.920 --> 00:19:50.039
<v Speaker 4>considered to be the true crab group. So they're not

337
00:19:50.160 --> 00:19:53.720
<v Speaker 4>really crabs. I have you no idea, But then again,

338
00:19:53.759 --> 00:19:56.359
<v Speaker 4>it's a common name, and I try not to get

339
00:19:56.400 --> 00:19:57.599
<v Speaker 4>too worked up about it.

340
00:19:58.400 --> 00:20:02.559
<v Speaker 2>I can't believe that a king crab it's given a

341
00:20:02.640 --> 00:20:06.319
<v Speaker 2>royal title and it's not even really a crab. Are

342
00:20:06.319 --> 00:20:08.200
<v Speaker 2>they pretty rare? And how long does it take for

343
00:20:08.240 --> 00:20:09.400
<v Speaker 2>a king crab to get that big?

344
00:20:10.160 --> 00:20:12.680
<v Speaker 4>Oh? Wow, that's a really good question. They are not rare.

345
00:20:12.759 --> 00:20:17.400
<v Speaker 4>So everything that I showed you in our collection. Those

346
00:20:17.440 --> 00:20:20.759
<v Speaker 4>are rare crustaceans, and we keep them in a collection

347
00:20:20.880 --> 00:20:23.680
<v Speaker 4>because they are rare and we need them to study biodiversity.

348
00:20:23.720 --> 00:20:26.480
<v Speaker 4>We need them to compare new species as we discover them,

349
00:20:26.480 --> 00:20:29.279
<v Speaker 4>to them to make sure that they the new species

350
00:20:29.319 --> 00:20:31.839
<v Speaker 4>is actually new, because we have a collection of all

351
00:20:32.039 --> 00:20:36.119
<v Speaker 4>the crustaceans that a system world. If you asked me

352
00:20:36.200 --> 00:20:39.119
<v Speaker 4>to show you a king crab, I might have one

353
00:20:39.240 --> 00:20:42.039
<v Speaker 4>or two in there because they are so common that

354
00:20:42.279 --> 00:20:45.960
<v Speaker 4>we don't keep them in a strange way, like I

355
00:20:46.039 --> 00:20:48.680
<v Speaker 4>really should have some in the collection, but I can

356
00:20:48.720 --> 00:20:51.440
<v Speaker 4>also walk down to the store and buy one today.

357
00:20:52.119 --> 00:20:54.759
<v Speaker 4>So very very very very common.

358
00:20:55.079 --> 00:20:58.200
<v Speaker 2>And according to the Alaska Department of Fish, Game, and

359
00:20:58.240 --> 00:21:02.359
<v Speaker 2>I guess almost crabs, there are about eighteen species of

360
00:21:02.400 --> 00:21:05.720
<v Speaker 2>Alaskan king crab, and the red king crabs of the

361
00:21:05.720 --> 00:21:09.519
<v Speaker 2>male variety can man spread those spiny legs up to

362
00:21:09.640 --> 00:21:13.599
<v Speaker 2>six feet across and way more than a toddler. But

363
00:21:14.000 --> 00:21:16.400
<v Speaker 2>they live twenty to thirty years old enough to buy

364
00:21:16.440 --> 00:21:19.160
<v Speaker 2>boose if they could obtain a legal id. And after all,

365
00:21:19.319 --> 00:21:22.480
<v Speaker 2>they do party. So king crabs hang out in the

366
00:21:22.640 --> 00:21:27.640
<v Speaker 2>depths offshore and then as horny adolescents around the age

367
00:21:27.680 --> 00:21:31.400
<v Speaker 2>of four, they sauntered to more shallow waters about thirty

368
00:21:31.599 --> 00:21:33.920
<v Speaker 2>meters deep, and they hang out in these huge pods,

369
00:21:34.119 --> 00:21:37.680
<v Speaker 2>with the adults hoping to spawn and traveling up to

370
00:21:37.759 --> 00:21:41.359
<v Speaker 2>one hundred miles to do so. But these recent headlines

371
00:21:41.359 --> 00:21:43.680
<v Speaker 2>from the AP News kind of say it all. Quote

372
00:21:43.720 --> 00:21:48.480
<v Speaker 2>Alaskan fishers fear another bleak season as crab populations dwindle

373
00:21:48.720 --> 00:21:51.839
<v Speaker 2>in warming waters, and this is after a twenty twenty

374
00:21:51.880 --> 00:21:56.519
<v Speaker 2>one survey found this population crash and red king crab

375
00:21:56.559 --> 00:22:00.400
<v Speaker 2>fishing was closed and snow crab fishing dropped to this

376
00:22:00.519 --> 00:22:04.119
<v Speaker 2>tiny fraction of previous years. And so with these crab

377
00:22:04.160 --> 00:22:09.000
<v Speaker 2>populations in crisis, Alaskan based crab fisherfolks in the Bearing

378
00:22:09.079 --> 00:22:12.119
<v Speaker 2>Sea are kind of in a crisis too, And even

379
00:22:12.119 --> 00:22:16.640
<v Speaker 2>when the season's good, studies have found that crabfishing bears

380
00:22:16.799 --> 00:22:21.160
<v Speaker 2>eighty times the number of fatalities than the general workforce,

381
00:22:21.599 --> 00:22:24.400
<v Speaker 2>with dungeoness crab fishing now more dangerous than the Alaskan

382
00:22:24.440 --> 00:22:28.960
<v Speaker 2>craft fishing. Hence they call crabfishing the deadliest catch. And

383
00:22:29.039 --> 00:22:33.000
<v Speaker 2>after working really long shifts at sea, the chances for

384
00:22:33.079 --> 00:22:37.759
<v Speaker 2>a tumble into very cold water and hypothermia or getting

385
00:22:37.759 --> 00:22:40.079
<v Speaker 2>tangled in a rope. Go up now if you've heard

386
00:22:40.119 --> 00:22:44.039
<v Speaker 2>of Russian crab. It was introduced into seas there by

387
00:22:44.160 --> 00:22:47.200
<v Speaker 2>scientists in the nineteen sixties, according to the two thousand

388
00:22:47.240 --> 00:22:50.960
<v Speaker 2>and five Norwegian paper the intentional introduction of the marine

389
00:22:51.000 --> 00:22:56.240
<v Speaker 2>red king crab Perilethodes camshattucus into the South Barrens Sea.

390
00:22:56.720 --> 00:22:59.400
<v Speaker 2>So in the nineteen sixties, these ten thousand or so

391
00:22:59.599 --> 00:23:02.880
<v Speaker 2>crab were collected near the Baring Sea between Russia and

392
00:23:02.920 --> 00:23:06.920
<v Speaker 2>Alaska and transported to the Barrens Sea north of Finland.

393
00:23:07.039 --> 00:23:10.319
<v Speaker 2>And yes, the Barren Sea sounds like the Bearing Sea,

394
00:23:10.599 --> 00:23:12.720
<v Speaker 2>so bear with us if you barely understood that. But

395
00:23:12.880 --> 00:23:16.880
<v Speaker 2>these introduced Russian red king crabs were supposed to provide

396
00:23:16.920 --> 00:23:20.039
<v Speaker 2>a commercial fishing boom, and the boom they did, because

397
00:23:20.039 --> 00:23:23.359
<v Speaker 2>they're now munching up molluscs of plenty in Norway and

398
00:23:23.480 --> 00:23:25.440
<v Speaker 2>even all the way south off the coast of the UK.

399
00:23:25.599 --> 00:23:29.160
<v Speaker 2>And people are not happy, except the crab fishers. And

400
00:23:29.200 --> 00:23:31.960
<v Speaker 2>you're not going to find many Russian red crabs on

401
00:23:32.000 --> 00:23:35.279
<v Speaker 2>the markets in the US because President Biden recently issued

402
00:23:35.319 --> 00:23:40.160
<v Speaker 2>an executive order extending the Russian seafood ban to fishy

403
00:23:40.359 --> 00:23:43.599
<v Speaker 2>things that have been sent to China first for processing

404
00:23:43.680 --> 00:23:45.920
<v Speaker 2>before landing in the US, which was kind of a

405
00:23:46.000 --> 00:23:49.279
<v Speaker 2>loophole in sanctions with Russia after its twenty twenty two

406
00:23:49.319 --> 00:23:54.920
<v Speaker 2>invasion of Ukraine. So pots, natural dangers, frigid waters, weird butts,

407
00:23:55.119 --> 00:23:59.440
<v Speaker 2>invasive ocean spiders, crabs, there's a lot of drama. There's

408
00:23:59.480 --> 00:24:01.319
<v Speaker 2>more drama and part two. So you're going to want

409
00:24:01.319 --> 00:24:03.240
<v Speaker 2>to come back next week too. Now, between all of this,

410
00:24:03.599 --> 00:24:06.720
<v Speaker 2>speaking of passports and world traveling, Adam mentioned to me

411
00:24:06.880 --> 00:24:10.079
<v Speaker 2>that last month he was on the Yucatan Peninsula where

412
00:24:10.119 --> 00:24:13.200
<v Speaker 2>he saw a lobster that was three feet long. But

413
00:24:13.279 --> 00:24:15.720
<v Speaker 2>this is not a lobster episode. Now, can one be

414
00:24:16.200 --> 00:24:18.400
<v Speaker 2>a crab person and see the whole.

415
00:24:18.160 --> 00:24:23.240
<v Speaker 4>World I have for crustacean research and has taken me

416
00:24:23.599 --> 00:24:28.359
<v Speaker 4>to Panama, It's taken me to Australia, It's taken me

417
00:24:28.440 --> 00:24:31.400
<v Speaker 4>up and down the West Coast. It's taken me to

418
00:24:31.440 --> 00:24:37.680
<v Speaker 4>the East coast of America. It took me to exotic Provo, Utah. No,

419
00:24:38.519 --> 00:24:42.880
<v Speaker 4>turns out that Sabrighamham University had one of the pre

420
00:24:43.000 --> 00:24:47.039
<v Speaker 4>eminent crustacea research labs in the world.

421
00:24:47.640 --> 00:24:50.480
<v Speaker 2>So how did your path lead you to get to

422
00:24:50.480 --> 00:24:52.480
<v Speaker 2>study all this stuff in all these cool places.

423
00:24:53.240 --> 00:24:59.359
<v Speaker 4>I had a really fun non traditional path, so I

424
00:24:59.400 --> 00:25:03.880
<v Speaker 4>studied robotics and I worked for NASA and we did

425
00:25:03.920 --> 00:25:06.240
<v Speaker 4>this amazing thing where a bunch of engineers went into

426
00:25:06.279 --> 00:25:10.240
<v Speaker 4>a room and we invented this thing we called a spiderbot,

427
00:25:10.240 --> 00:25:15.680
<v Speaker 4>which was a small autonomous research robot was walking. Everyone

428
00:25:15.759 --> 00:25:18.279
<v Speaker 4>there was an engineer and not a biologist. So our

429
00:25:18.319 --> 00:25:25.000
<v Speaker 4>spiderbot had six legs. Problematic, I know, but alternating tripods

430
00:25:25.039 --> 00:25:27.400
<v Speaker 4>are a great way to walk. Did a bunch of

431
00:25:27.519 --> 00:25:30.279
<v Speaker 4>research of that, did some stuff with machine vision, but

432
00:25:30.359 --> 00:25:36.079
<v Speaker 4>mostly focusing on converting text to digital characters, so like

433
00:25:36.160 --> 00:25:39.000
<v Speaker 4>ocr optical character recognition back when back was like a

434
00:25:39.079 --> 00:25:41.440
<v Speaker 4>research field, not just like something you could ask your

435
00:25:41.440 --> 00:25:45.400
<v Speaker 4>phone to do instantly. And I came to the museum

436
00:25:45.640 --> 00:25:50.240
<v Speaker 4>and I was working on a grant to basically convert

437
00:25:50.319 --> 00:25:54.039
<v Speaker 4>all the ancient literature that we need for taxonomy, where

438
00:25:54.119 --> 00:25:56.160
<v Speaker 4>like Lenaeus is like this is what a crab is.

439
00:25:56.400 --> 00:25:59.279
<v Speaker 4>Turns out that had never been digitized. And as we

440
00:25:59.279 --> 00:26:01.440
<v Speaker 4>were digitizing it, I'm like, so we can scam these

441
00:26:01.480 --> 00:26:04.599
<v Speaker 4>scenes and make them machine searchable, And they were like, oh,

442
00:26:04.640 --> 00:26:06.400
<v Speaker 4>that'll be great, let's do that. So that was the

443
00:26:06.400 --> 00:26:08.599
<v Speaker 4>first thing I did at the museum. And I was

444
00:26:08.599 --> 00:26:13.519
<v Speaker 4>sitting there digitizing the name papers and someone walked in

445
00:26:13.559 --> 00:26:16.240
<v Speaker 4>the room like, oh man, we found like five more

446
00:26:16.559 --> 00:26:19.160
<v Speaker 4>news species. Does someone want to name them? And I

447
00:26:19.279 --> 00:26:22.559
<v Speaker 4>just like turned around. I was like you name species?

448
00:26:22.599 --> 00:26:25.720
<v Speaker 4>Who named species? And merely whoever's dumb enough to take

449
00:26:25.759 --> 00:26:28.640
<v Speaker 4>this job? And I was like I am that dumb.

450
00:26:29.240 --> 00:26:33.839
<v Speaker 4>So I was like, yeah, let's go name that one species.

451
00:26:33.880 --> 00:26:36.279
<v Speaker 4>We actually thought it was one species at that point,

452
00:26:36.319 --> 00:26:39.759
<v Speaker 4>and it turned out to be just so many species

453
00:26:39.799 --> 00:26:43.039
<v Speaker 4>that we stopped at about twelve. So yeah, I just

454
00:26:43.119 --> 00:26:45.000
<v Speaker 4>kind of was in the room and said.

455
00:26:44.839 --> 00:26:47.000
<v Speaker 2>Yes, what did you name them after?

456
00:26:47.720 --> 00:26:51.440
<v Speaker 4>Some of those got named after the person who discovered it,

457
00:26:51.599 --> 00:26:54.240
<v Speaker 4>Dean Pinchef. He discovered one of the species as he

458
00:26:54.319 --> 00:26:57.400
<v Speaker 4>was leading the Old trip a the inner title, So

459
00:26:57.480 --> 00:27:00.559
<v Speaker 4>that one is Etsosoma pencheffee. So that one's a really

460
00:27:00.599 --> 00:27:02.839
<v Speaker 4>great one. This is early on, so I was still

461
00:27:02.920 --> 00:27:06.480
<v Speaker 4>naming species after people I really cared about. So I

462
00:27:06.599 --> 00:27:10.200
<v Speaker 4>named this species act my favorite uncle. So there's exos

463
00:27:10.200 --> 00:27:13.640
<v Speaker 4>from a Russell Hanson i, which is great. And then

464
00:27:13.720 --> 00:27:15.759
<v Speaker 4>we sold the rest of them for naming rights.

465
00:27:16.279 --> 00:27:18.880
<v Speaker 2>That makes sense. Yeah, Back in the archives. He told

466
00:27:18.880 --> 00:27:19.920
<v Speaker 2>me a little bit more about that.

467
00:27:20.440 --> 00:27:23.880
<v Speaker 4>We have sold several of the names for isopods for

468
00:27:24.000 --> 00:27:28.279
<v Speaker 4>naming rights for donors. Is a nice way to recognize someone,

469
00:27:28.640 --> 00:27:30.680
<v Speaker 4>because if someone tries to buy you a star name,

470
00:27:31.440 --> 00:27:33.000
<v Speaker 4>just be like, oh, that's so sweet, Ago, but that's

471
00:27:33.079 --> 00:27:36.400
<v Speaker 4>like fifty bucks. You want like a fossil bear named

472
00:27:36.400 --> 00:27:39.640
<v Speaker 4>after you, that's like one hundred thousand dollars. You want

473
00:27:40.039 --> 00:27:42.240
<v Speaker 4>a crab named after you, come talk to me. We

474
00:27:42.759 --> 00:27:46.000
<v Speaker 4>work on sliding sets, but it's way more than a star.

475
00:27:47.079 --> 00:27:49.599
<v Speaker 4>But it's really nice to like honor people.

476
00:27:49.680 --> 00:27:51.920
<v Speaker 2>Have you ever thought of naming them after pop stars

477
00:27:51.920 --> 00:27:54.519
<v Speaker 2>for publicity? For fairy shrimp, I know that worked for

478
00:27:54.799 --> 00:28:00.039
<v Speaker 2>the dipterologist bry the flag guy and emilipede expert I

479
00:28:00.039 --> 00:28:00.359
<v Speaker 2>talk to.

480
00:28:01.039 --> 00:28:04.920
<v Speaker 4>I would never be so crass. Yeah that's not true.

481
00:28:04.960 --> 00:28:10.480
<v Speaker 4>I totally would. Species naming is its own thing. It's

482
00:28:10.519 --> 00:28:14.720
<v Speaker 4>just a crazy world. I do species naming because I

483
00:28:14.720 --> 00:28:18.720
<v Speaker 4>think it's really enjoyable and fun. It's just completely non

484
00:28:18.759 --> 00:28:23.640
<v Speaker 4>sustainable for marine invertebrates and invertebrates in general, like there's

485
00:28:23.680 --> 00:28:26.000
<v Speaker 4>not going to be enough taxonoms to name them. So

486
00:28:26.319 --> 00:28:28.759
<v Speaker 4>one of the main things that I've been working on

487
00:28:28.960 --> 00:28:34.839
<v Speaker 4>is developing DNA molecular based tools for identifying species outside

488
00:28:34.880 --> 00:28:37.799
<v Speaker 4>of their physical morphology, and just to make it faster.

489
00:28:38.359 --> 00:28:40.839
<v Speaker 4>At some point, we're just going to stop naming the

490
00:28:40.920 --> 00:28:46.079
<v Speaker 4>new species, I feel because I don't have that many

491
00:28:46.119 --> 00:28:48.319
<v Speaker 4>ants that I want to name something after. There's not

492
00:28:48.359 --> 00:28:50.759
<v Speaker 4>that many places. The vast majority of the ocean doesn't

493
00:28:50.799 --> 00:28:52.720
<v Speaker 4>have a name. How many things are we going to

494
00:28:52.799 --> 00:28:55.119
<v Speaker 4>name after? It is one chunk of the ocean right

495
00:28:55.720 --> 00:28:59.000
<v Speaker 4>for different species. So we're just going to probably need

496
00:28:59.039 --> 00:29:02.279
<v Speaker 4>to start using numbers, and then if people want to

497
00:29:02.319 --> 00:29:06.359
<v Speaker 4>have a name for something that's important, more charismatic, then

498
00:29:06.400 --> 00:29:07.759
<v Speaker 4>we can name those species.

499
00:29:08.119 --> 00:29:12.000
<v Speaker 2>So yes, his job now involves discovering species of tiny

500
00:29:12.000 --> 00:29:15.839
<v Speaker 2>shrimp that live on methane vents in the deep sea,

501
00:29:16.160 --> 00:29:20.400
<v Speaker 2>and also roly polleys and crabs and lurking around these

502
00:29:20.480 --> 00:29:23.640
<v Speaker 2>thousands of jars of crabs that are bobbing and ethanol

503
00:29:23.799 --> 00:29:26.799
<v Speaker 2>preserved for future carcinologists that he's never going to meet,

504
00:29:27.160 --> 00:29:29.720
<v Speaker 2>because we're all going to be dead, including you. But

505
00:29:29.759 --> 00:29:31.640
<v Speaker 2>don't think about it, this is a good time to

506
00:29:31.680 --> 00:29:34.359
<v Speaker 2>cut banks, text your crush. We're all going to die.

507
00:29:34.400 --> 00:29:38.359
<v Speaker 2>But flashback to when Adam told the NASA Robotics Lab

508
00:29:38.559 --> 00:29:41.160
<v Speaker 2>that he was moving on to crabbier pastures.

509
00:29:41.480 --> 00:29:45.440
<v Speaker 4>So we were making robots that were becoming candidates to

510
00:29:45.720 --> 00:29:47.319
<v Speaker 4>possibly send to Mars.

511
00:29:47.559 --> 00:29:49.920
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god. Yeah, well, I was going to say

512
00:29:49.920 --> 00:29:53.799
<v Speaker 2>when we were looking at all these preserved specimens, just

513
00:29:53.839 --> 00:29:56.640
<v Speaker 2>in general, one reason why I love bugs and arthropods

514
00:29:56.640 --> 00:29:59.720
<v Speaker 2>is because they look like robots. They look like transformers.

515
00:30:00.119 --> 00:30:02.880
<v Speaker 2>Was there something about that that you also liked or

516
00:30:02.960 --> 00:30:03.799
<v Speaker 2>was it just coincidental.

517
00:30:04.440 --> 00:30:09.680
<v Speaker 4>I definitely really liked it. And there's this whole field

518
00:30:09.720 --> 00:30:13.319
<v Speaker 4>of like biomimicry and like learning from nature, And that's

519
00:30:13.359 --> 00:30:15.599
<v Speaker 4>why I was saying we were stupid engineers. I remember

520
00:30:16.480 --> 00:30:21.279
<v Speaker 4>us building this walking robot and independently thinking of your

521
00:30:21.319 --> 00:30:25.880
<v Speaker 4>geniuses because we reverse engineered how We didn't reverse engineer.

522
00:30:25.920 --> 00:30:31.000
<v Speaker 4>We independently designed muscles, like how muscles work, uh huh.

523
00:30:31.039 --> 00:30:32.960
<v Speaker 4>And if any one of us had ever taken a

524
00:30:33.000 --> 00:30:35.559
<v Speaker 4>real biology class at a time, we would have been like,

525
00:30:35.599 --> 00:30:38.039
<v Speaker 4>oh man, let's just make it like a muscle, and

526
00:30:38.200 --> 00:30:40.079
<v Speaker 4>would have saved so much time. So yeah, I was

527
00:30:40.160 --> 00:30:43.839
<v Speaker 4>really attracted to the fact that we're solving similar problems

528
00:30:43.880 --> 00:30:46.160
<v Speaker 4>to what I had worked on before. But in a

529
00:30:46.880 --> 00:30:49.640
<v Speaker 4>really just elequent way, but nature does.

530
00:30:50.160 --> 00:30:53.160
<v Speaker 2>And with his background and degree in biological sciences, he

531
00:30:53.240 --> 00:30:56.559
<v Speaker 2>went right into a role as a curatorial assistant at

532
00:30:56.599 --> 00:31:00.400
<v Speaker 2>the Natural History Museum in la eventually becoming the collectictions

533
00:31:00.400 --> 00:31:03.839
<v Speaker 2>manager for the crustaceans department. And back in the stacks,

534
00:31:04.039 --> 00:31:07.960
<v Speaker 2>Adam opened this large shoe box and delicately held up

535
00:31:08.160 --> 00:31:11.799
<v Speaker 2>something the size of an Australian shepherd, but with two

536
00:31:11.880 --> 00:31:13.799
<v Speaker 2>hundred and fifty percent more likes.

537
00:31:14.519 --> 00:31:18.880
<v Speaker 4>Whoa what? So this is a coconut crab. This is

538
00:31:18.960 --> 00:31:23.359
<v Speaker 4>another example of just how cool carcinology is. The largest

539
00:31:23.359 --> 00:31:25.960
<v Speaker 4>living art for pod that lives on land is a

540
00:31:25.960 --> 00:31:30.119
<v Speaker 4>coconut crab. Coconut crabs are also called robber crabs. They

541
00:31:30.119 --> 00:31:34.880
<v Speaker 4>have these amazing desires to collect shiny things, so that's

542
00:31:34.880 --> 00:31:37.720
<v Speaker 4>why we're called robber crabs. They'll go and steal someone's

543
00:31:37.759 --> 00:31:39.480
<v Speaker 4>watch and they'll take it back to their nests, which

544
00:31:39.519 --> 00:31:42.160
<v Speaker 4>is in a coconut tree usually, hence the other name.

545
00:31:42.680 --> 00:31:47.000
<v Speaker 4>This is another mysterious science. This does not look like

546
00:31:47.240 --> 00:31:52.880
<v Speaker 4>any other decapod. This is completely wrong. All the things

547
00:31:52.880 --> 00:31:57.200
<v Speaker 4>that I would tell you that our synapsomorphies, so things

548
00:31:57.279 --> 00:32:01.480
<v Speaker 4>that are shared traits of all of the hermit crabs

549
00:32:01.480 --> 00:32:04.480
<v Speaker 4>and all of the other types of crabs. This has

550
00:32:04.519 --> 00:32:07.160
<v Speaker 4>a little bit of bulf at this stage in its life,

551
00:32:07.240 --> 00:32:09.599
<v Speaker 4>and scientists for a very long time thought it was

552
00:32:09.640 --> 00:32:13.920
<v Speaker 4>just a completely unique species. What this is is it's

553
00:32:13.960 --> 00:32:16.640
<v Speaker 4>just the largest hermit crab in the world. And when

554
00:32:16.640 --> 00:32:19.720
<v Speaker 4>it's younger, it lives in the ocean, and it keeps

555
00:32:19.799 --> 00:32:22.279
<v Speaker 4>finding bigger and bigger shells, and it lives a hermit

556
00:32:22.319 --> 00:32:25.279
<v Speaker 4>crab life with an asymmetrical abdomen that twists into a

557
00:32:25.279 --> 00:32:28.759
<v Speaker 4>shell well. And then once it gets so big it

558
00:32:28.759 --> 00:32:31.839
<v Speaker 4>can't find shells to live anymore. Secondarily, it comes on

559
00:32:31.880 --> 00:32:36.119
<v Speaker 4>to land and that abdmen it was soft, becomes hardened

560
00:32:36.240 --> 00:32:39.599
<v Speaker 4>and really quite straight. And then it starts living in

561
00:32:39.680 --> 00:32:42.200
<v Speaker 4>trees and it'll go to a toop a tree, pinch

562
00:32:42.240 --> 00:32:45.920
<v Speaker 4>off a coconut, crawl back down. Use these pinchers, which

563
00:32:45.920 --> 00:32:50.200
<v Speaker 4>are massive. Yeah, they have the strongest pinching force of

564
00:32:50.319 --> 00:32:52.680
<v Speaker 4>any I think arpropod.

565
00:32:52.480 --> 00:32:55.640
<v Speaker 2>Yes, I did look this up and a twenty sixteen

566
00:32:55.680 --> 00:33:00.400
<v Speaker 2>study titled a Mighty Claw Pinching Force of the Coconut Crab,

567
00:33:00.599 --> 00:33:05.400
<v Speaker 2>the largest terrestrial Crustacean told me that scientists borrowed a

568
00:33:05.440 --> 00:33:09.319
<v Speaker 2>few moments of time from twenty nine wild coconut crabs

569
00:33:09.680 --> 00:33:12.920
<v Speaker 2>and found that their pinching force rose in accordance with

570
00:33:12.960 --> 00:33:16.599
<v Speaker 2>their body mass, and the largest coconut crabs, weighing in

571
00:33:16.640 --> 00:33:21.039
<v Speaker 2>at eight or nine pounds, can drag around sixty pound objects.

572
00:33:21.240 --> 00:33:25.319
<v Speaker 2>They could also exert potentially thirty three hundred newtons of

573
00:33:25.400 --> 00:33:28.680
<v Speaker 2>force or seven hundred and forty pounds in a pinch,

574
00:33:28.880 --> 00:33:33.160
<v Speaker 2>surpassing bite force of guard dog breeds like the Italian

575
00:33:33.240 --> 00:33:37.160
<v Speaker 2>mastiff or the cane corsos, which is actually pronounced cone corso.

576
00:33:37.400 --> 00:33:39.400
<v Speaker 2>But I said it both ways, so you'd know I

577
00:33:39.440 --> 00:33:43.960
<v Speaker 2>was talking about that beautifully terrifying, glossy black behemoth of

578
00:33:44.000 --> 00:33:46.960
<v Speaker 2>a dog with the sharp clipped ears and a face

579
00:33:47.319 --> 00:33:49.759
<v Speaker 2>that could scare the devil out of his own underworld.

580
00:33:49.960 --> 00:33:54.119
<v Speaker 2>But in a twenty sixteen article titled Casually Coconut Crabs

581
00:33:54.160 --> 00:33:57.440
<v Speaker 2>Pinch with an Insane amount of Force, the lead author

582
00:33:57.440 --> 00:34:00.359
<v Speaker 2>of the study tells about having his hand pinched twice

583
00:34:00.440 --> 00:34:03.480
<v Speaker 2>during field work, and while only lasting a few minutes,

584
00:34:03.799 --> 00:34:09.199
<v Speaker 2>reported that quote, I felt eternal hell So yes, Adam says.

585
00:34:09.400 --> 00:34:12.039
<v Speaker 4>So they tear apart coconuts like nothing. They do this

586
00:34:12.119 --> 00:34:14.920
<v Speaker 4>amazing thing for humans in the sense that they marinate

587
00:34:15.039 --> 00:34:17.480
<v Speaker 4>themselves for the last few years of their life in coconuts,

588
00:34:17.480 --> 00:34:20.199
<v Speaker 4>so they taste delicious, very slow moving. They have been

589
00:34:20.320 --> 00:34:24.679
<v Speaker 4>escapated on basically any island, whereas humans and these we

590
00:34:24.880 --> 00:34:27.840
<v Speaker 4>ate all of them. So in a wild you'll find

591
00:34:27.880 --> 00:34:31.559
<v Speaker 4>them on small little islands that are too small for

592
00:34:31.679 --> 00:34:34.239
<v Speaker 4>humans to inhabit. Some people keep them as pets. This

593
00:34:34.280 --> 00:34:37.320
<v Speaker 4>is actually a small one. They can be I don't know,

594
00:34:37.440 --> 00:34:39.960
<v Speaker 4>maybe up to almost three feet across by time air

595
00:34:40.079 --> 00:34:42.480
<v Speaker 4>masuring across the mind experience.

596
00:34:42.840 --> 00:34:46.159
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean, it's terrible that the predator in me

597
00:34:46.239 --> 00:34:49.320
<v Speaker 2>is like that looks like good eats, like it's hard

598
00:34:49.400 --> 00:34:54.119
<v Speaker 2>not to think of it, like steamed at a you say,

599
00:34:54.119 --> 00:34:55.800
<v Speaker 2>at a seaside restaurant.

600
00:34:55.960 --> 00:34:58.440
<v Speaker 4>You know, it's problematic for me. So it was easy

601
00:34:58.480 --> 00:35:01.960
<v Speaker 4>and hard because I grew up co and then I

602
00:35:02.039 --> 00:35:05.480
<v Speaker 4>started doing more crustacean research and marine biology in general,

603
00:35:05.840 --> 00:35:08.840
<v Speaker 4>and the first thing I got broken on was raw oysters.

604
00:35:09.679 --> 00:35:13.840
<v Speaker 4>And we were studying raw oysters looking for pinifried crabs

605
00:35:13.840 --> 00:35:16.000
<v Speaker 4>that would live inside of them, which are of the

606
00:35:16.039 --> 00:35:18.960
<v Speaker 4>smallest crabs in the world, like an adult of the

607
00:35:19.039 --> 00:35:22.599
<v Speaker 4>species is a millimeter and a half across and they

608
00:35:22.679 --> 00:35:25.920
<v Speaker 4>live inside of other animals largely, so you have to

609
00:35:26.079 --> 00:35:28.480
<v Speaker 4>open up a bunch of oysters to see if they're

610
00:35:28.519 --> 00:35:31.719
<v Speaker 4>in there. I was eating so many because my colleagues

611
00:35:31.719 --> 00:35:34.000
<v Speaker 4>were like, well, we're opening hundreds of oysters a day,

612
00:35:34.079 --> 00:35:36.920
<v Speaker 4>we have to at least eat them. So I got

613
00:35:36.960 --> 00:35:41.360
<v Speaker 4>turned onto seafood pretty quickly after twenty five to forty

614
00:35:41.480 --> 00:35:44.079
<v Speaker 4>oysters a day for like three days in a row.

615
00:35:44.719 --> 00:35:46.960
<v Speaker 2>But still Adam just is not a big fan of

616
00:35:47.000 --> 00:35:50.639
<v Speaker 2>eating crab. But for me, thinking of a steamed coconut

617
00:35:50.719 --> 00:35:53.760
<v Speaker 2>crab turns me into one of those cartoon wolves with

618
00:35:53.880 --> 00:35:57.519
<v Speaker 2>its tongue hanging out, drooling onto a bib made out

619
00:35:57.519 --> 00:36:00.519
<v Speaker 2>of a kerchief. But I will likely never eat one ever,

620
00:36:00.760 --> 00:36:03.679
<v Speaker 2>and it's better that way. Where there are humans, there

621
00:36:03.679 --> 00:36:06.360
<v Speaker 2>are scant coconut crabs left, and I get it. But

622
00:36:06.480 --> 00:36:11.119
<v Speaker 2>one remote place that remains a robber crab party is Nikumaroro,

623
00:36:11.400 --> 00:36:14.440
<v Speaker 2>once known as Gardner Island, which is roughly one thousand

624
00:36:14.480 --> 00:36:17.559
<v Speaker 2>miles northeast of Fiji in the middle of the Pacific.

625
00:36:17.840 --> 00:36:20.079
<v Speaker 2>And you may have heard of this island as it's

626
00:36:20.199 --> 00:36:25.559
<v Speaker 2>controversially speculated to be the final destination of pilot Amelia Earhart,

627
00:36:25.599 --> 00:36:30.159
<v Speaker 2>who disappeared with her navigator somewhere over the Pacific in

628
00:36:30.320 --> 00:36:33.960
<v Speaker 2>nineteen thirty seven on this trans global journey, and a

629
00:36:34.039 --> 00:36:38.880
<v Speaker 2>year later scientists discovered recent skeletal remains of what was

630
00:36:38.960 --> 00:36:41.199
<v Speaker 2>presumed then to be a man, because this is before

631
00:36:41.280 --> 00:36:45.280
<v Speaker 2>osteologists knew that tall women existed, and these bones were

632
00:36:45.320 --> 00:36:47.360
<v Speaker 2>scooped up. They were put in a box and sent

633
00:36:47.400 --> 00:36:52.599
<v Speaker 2>to Fiji and then subsequently misplaced. So maybe they await

634
00:36:52.679 --> 00:36:56.119
<v Speaker 2>their second discovery in the dusty collections of some museum

635
00:36:56.239 --> 00:36:59.440
<v Speaker 2>that's still trying to fund its digital archives. But in

636
00:36:59.480 --> 00:37:03.440
<v Speaker 2>the nineteen nineties, a group of history hunters found a

637
00:37:03.559 --> 00:37:08.719
<v Speaker 2>nineteen thirties era shattered cosmetics, compact mirror, some bits of rouge,

638
00:37:09.000 --> 00:37:13.000
<v Speaker 2>some pre World War II bottles, a lone fingerbone that

639
00:37:13.079 --> 00:37:16.039
<v Speaker 2>could have been human or a turtles, and they found

640
00:37:16.039 --> 00:37:19.239
<v Speaker 2>a folding pocket knife and a piece of riveted metal

641
00:37:19.360 --> 00:37:22.239
<v Speaker 2>that is hypothesized to come from a plane like your hearts.

642
00:37:22.440 --> 00:37:26.000
<v Speaker 2>But this latter expedition group has a fair number of critics,

643
00:37:26.239 --> 00:37:29.440
<v Speaker 2>but one member who's visited the island nearly a dozen

644
00:37:29.480 --> 00:37:32.599
<v Speaker 2>times searching for signs of Amelia, has said of the

645
00:37:32.599 --> 00:37:36.440
<v Speaker 2>coconut crabs that the crabs close in on you if

646
00:37:36.480 --> 00:37:39.719
<v Speaker 2>you shine a flashlight outside the shadow ring are a

647
00:37:39.840 --> 00:37:42.840
<v Speaker 2>thousand crabs. And there was this nat Geo article I

648
00:37:42.880 --> 00:37:47.559
<v Speaker 2>read that concludes with this foreboding line. Klaus has learned

649
00:37:47.599 --> 00:37:49.719
<v Speaker 2>not to sleep on the ground, which is kind of

650
00:37:49.719 --> 00:37:52.559
<v Speaker 2>confusing because from what I understand, these crabs can climb

651
00:37:52.599 --> 00:37:55.079
<v Speaker 2>the hell out of a coconutry. But whatever could other

652
00:37:55.800 --> 00:38:01.639
<v Speaker 2>say castaways have succumbed to nature's ravages of this remote atoll.

653
00:38:02.199 --> 00:38:07.119
<v Speaker 2>And one question on everyone's mind coconut crabs. M h

654
00:38:07.840 --> 00:38:11.559
<v Speaker 2>can they eat people? Oh gosh, I've seen what they

655
00:38:11.559 --> 00:38:12.880
<v Speaker 2>can do to a pig carcass.

656
00:38:13.679 --> 00:38:16.840
<v Speaker 4>This is an interesting question, like the diet of a

657
00:38:16.880 --> 00:38:21.079
<v Speaker 4>coconut crab. So one of the things that this lab

658
00:38:21.159 --> 00:38:25.280
<v Speaker 4>and me study a lot is in brand mental DNA,

659
00:38:25.360 --> 00:38:28.199
<v Speaker 4>and one of the applications for that is SCAT research.

660
00:38:28.599 --> 00:38:31.559
<v Speaker 4>So SCAT analysis so you can take the poop of

661
00:38:31.760 --> 00:38:35.760
<v Speaker 4>any random animal and sequence of the DNA of the

662
00:38:35.840 --> 00:38:38.920
<v Speaker 4>leftover bits and figure out what they were eating. So

663
00:38:39.039 --> 00:38:43.079
<v Speaker 4>we could collect the poop a bunch of coconut crabs

664
00:38:43.079 --> 00:38:46.519
<v Speaker 4>and see if they're eating. It could be I don't know.

665
00:38:46.840 --> 00:38:48.960
<v Speaker 2>And for more on this delightful line of thought. You

666
00:38:49.000 --> 00:38:52.400
<v Speaker 2>can see the Skeaptology episode about this woman we interviewed

667
00:38:52.400 --> 00:38:56.119
<v Speaker 2>who has several freezers full of zoo animal poop and

668
00:38:56.159 --> 00:38:58.840
<v Speaker 2>she's known as Doctor Poop and I love her and

669
00:38:58.840 --> 00:39:01.960
<v Speaker 2>we'll link in the showuts of But yes, coconut or

670
00:39:02.079 --> 00:39:06.960
<v Speaker 2>robber crabs technically hermit crabs that ascended from their youth

671
00:39:07.039 --> 00:39:09.760
<v Speaker 2>in the sea and the biggest crab that you will

672
00:39:09.800 --> 00:39:13.119
<v Speaker 2>be unfortunate to encounter on land. I mean, they're pretty strong.

673
00:39:13.119 --> 00:39:14.719
<v Speaker 2>If they can get through a coconut, then get through

674
00:39:14.719 --> 00:39:17.400
<v Speaker 2>a noggin, you know what I mean. I'm just curious

675
00:39:17.440 --> 00:39:20.800
<v Speaker 2>because coconut crabs, I feel like have been a picture

676
00:39:20.840 --> 00:39:23.400
<v Speaker 2>went around of a coconut crab climbing a trash can.

677
00:39:23.760 --> 00:39:26.239
<v Speaker 2>I'm sure you've seen it and it's horrifying.

678
00:39:26.480 --> 00:39:26.800
<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

679
00:39:27.320 --> 00:39:29.400
<v Speaker 2>Is that a typical coconut crab specimen?

680
00:39:29.599 --> 00:39:29.880
<v Speaker 4>Yeah?

681
00:39:29.920 --> 00:39:31.960
<v Speaker 2>And can they get into garbage cans?

682
00:39:32.000 --> 00:39:34.639
<v Speaker 4>They can do a lot of things, right, So, in

683
00:39:34.679 --> 00:39:38.599
<v Speaker 4>the war between coconut crabs and humans were definitely winning.

684
00:39:39.440 --> 00:39:42.239
<v Speaker 4>I don't think I don't think any coconut crab is

685
00:39:42.239 --> 00:39:46.039
<v Speaker 4>ever going to be a predator on a human. Could

686
00:39:46.079 --> 00:39:50.280
<v Speaker 4>there be like a carrion situation? Yeah, yeah, you've reminded

687
00:39:50.320 --> 00:39:51.880
<v Speaker 4>me of a fun story about the coconut crab. So

688
00:39:51.960 --> 00:39:55.679
<v Speaker 4>the largest living arpapod right now is a carselation, and

689
00:39:56.679 --> 00:40:00.079
<v Speaker 4>this represents the largest form that you can be on

690
00:40:00.159 --> 00:40:04.639
<v Speaker 4>land right now with a primitive respiratory system. So there

691
00:40:04.719 --> 00:40:07.719
<v Speaker 4>used to be arpha pods that looked something like dragonflies

692
00:40:07.719 --> 00:40:11.079
<v Speaker 4>that were much bigger than miss but that existed in

693
00:40:11.119 --> 00:40:13.719
<v Speaker 4>a period of time in her history where oxygen levels

694
00:40:13.719 --> 00:40:17.719
<v Speaker 4>are much higher and inefficient respiory systems could still support

695
00:40:17.719 --> 00:40:21.000
<v Speaker 4>a larger animal. So basically this is about as big

696
00:40:21.039 --> 00:40:23.760
<v Speaker 4>as you can be and be an arthropod with the

697
00:40:23.760 --> 00:40:27.639
<v Speaker 4>amount of oxygen in our atmosphere. The absolute largest arphapod

698
00:40:27.679 --> 00:40:31.000
<v Speaker 4>is also a crustacean mess a giant Japanese spider crab,

699
00:40:31.480 --> 00:40:34.000
<v Speaker 4>and those can be twelve feet across or more twelve

700
00:40:34.000 --> 00:40:36.159
<v Speaker 4>feet yep, And it's a crustacean. And you ask me,

701
00:40:36.239 --> 00:40:38.920
<v Speaker 4>so why can that one be bigger than the one

702
00:40:39.000 --> 00:40:41.079
<v Speaker 4>that lives on the land. And it turns out that

703
00:40:41.239 --> 00:40:44.800
<v Speaker 4>crustacean respiratory systems where gills, are much more efficient in water.

704
00:40:45.559 --> 00:40:48.719
<v Speaker 4>So getting a dissolved oxygen out of water, it can

705
00:40:48.760 --> 00:40:50.000
<v Speaker 4>do back, it can grow larger.

706
00:40:50.239 --> 00:40:52.360
<v Speaker 2>I'm trying not to bring this back to coconut grabs again,

707
00:40:52.400 --> 00:40:55.199
<v Speaker 2>but damn you guys. But before I do, first, let's

708
00:40:55.239 --> 00:40:57.880
<v Speaker 2>donate to a cause of the ologists choosing. And this

709
00:40:57.960 --> 00:41:00.519
<v Speaker 2>week it's the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County,

710
00:41:00.760 --> 00:41:04.639
<v Speaker 2>specifically earmarked for their fury shrimp research program. And that

711
00:41:04.679 --> 00:41:07.159
<v Speaker 2>donation was made possible by sponsors of the show.

712
00:41:07.880 --> 00:41:10.599
<v Speaker 1>You're on the bus an hour from home in bumper

713
00:41:10.639 --> 00:41:13.920
<v Speaker 1>to bumper traffic, creeping forward a few inches at a time,

714
00:41:14.559 --> 00:41:19.800
<v Speaker 1>Someone's kids are screaming, and suddenly your back is too. Luckily,

715
00:41:19.920 --> 00:41:23.599
<v Speaker 1>Panadal extra film coated tablets are boosted by caffeine and

716
00:41:23.679 --> 00:41:25.920
<v Speaker 1>they get to work in as little as ten minutes

717
00:41:26.320 --> 00:41:30.079
<v Speaker 1>for powerful relief. That's more than just paracetamol. That's one

718
00:41:30.159 --> 00:41:34.159
<v Speaker 1>for Pana doll speed based on absorption data contains paracetamol.

719
00:41:34.199 --> 00:41:35.639
<v Speaker 1>Always read the label or leaflet.

720
00:41:38.079 --> 00:41:38.639
<v Speaker 2>Get value.

721
00:41:38.679 --> 00:41:41.000
<v Speaker 3>You can't argue with at Tesco with their amazing club

722
00:41:41.039 --> 00:41:44.039
<v Speaker 3>card prices. Serve up something special with our finest meal

723
00:41:44.119 --> 00:41:46.760
<v Speaker 3>deal for two starring one main, two sides and dessert

724
00:41:46.800 --> 00:41:50.000
<v Speaker 3>for only sixteen euro Like succulent board be approved Irish

725
00:41:49.960 --> 00:41:52.719
<v Speaker 3>Angus strip loin stakes with pepper corn butter or delicious

726
00:41:52.760 --> 00:41:56.079
<v Speaker 3>Pirius chicken Parmesana served with creamy potato gret arm and

727
00:41:56.199 --> 00:41:59.679
<v Speaker 3>her mix of rainbow root vegetables and enjoy Goozillionaire or

728
00:41:59.679 --> 00:42:04.519
<v Speaker 3>salt caramel cheesecake. Can't argue with that. Shop instore online Tesco.

729
00:42:04.800 --> 00:42:07.800
<v Speaker 3>Every Little Helps available to most doors, Prices very inn express.

730
00:42:08.199 --> 00:42:10.960
<v Speaker 5>Do you know what real power is? It's knowing you're

731
00:42:11.000 --> 00:42:13.719
<v Speaker 5>on the same rate for energy all day, every day

732
00:42:13.760 --> 00:42:16.639
<v Speaker 5>with a smart all Day plan from board Gosh Energy,

733
00:42:16.840 --> 00:42:19.039
<v Speaker 5>save up to eight hundred and eighty euro on dual

734
00:42:19.119 --> 00:42:21.519
<v Speaker 5>fuel plus get a two hundred and thirty five You're

735
00:42:21.559 --> 00:42:25.519
<v Speaker 5>a welcome bonus switch today at Boardgosh Energy dot Ie

736
00:42:25.559 --> 00:42:28.519
<v Speaker 5>Board Gosh Energy know your Power.

737
00:42:28.440 --> 00:42:30.400
<v Speaker 1>Estimating anuel A bill of twenty six hundred and twenty

738
00:42:30.480 --> 00:42:32.920
<v Speaker 1>nine your new customers only thirty percent ascent of Smart

739
00:42:32.960 --> 00:42:34.960
<v Speaker 1>all day electricity unit rates in twenty nine percent of

740
00:42:35.039 --> 00:42:35.679
<v Speaker 1>gas unit rates.

741
00:42:35.760 --> 00:42:39.400
<v Speaker 2>See Porcosh Energy dot E for FULLTIESNCS. Okay, next week

742
00:42:39.440 --> 00:42:41.719
<v Speaker 2>we're going to get to all of your questions, which

743
00:42:41.800 --> 00:42:44.360
<v Speaker 2>is a wild ride, and trust me, you're going to

744
00:42:44.400 --> 00:42:46.639
<v Speaker 2>want to listen to that episode. But for now, I'm sorry,

745
00:42:46.719 --> 00:42:49.280
<v Speaker 2>let's get back to coconut crabs. What about why aren't

746
00:42:49.440 --> 00:42:52.679
<v Speaker 2>more people growing coconut crabs for industry because they appear

747
00:42:52.719 --> 00:42:53.880
<v Speaker 2>to be such a meati crab.

748
00:42:55.039 --> 00:42:57.760
<v Speaker 4>This is great, so you should. Actually this will be

749
00:42:57.760 --> 00:43:01.559
<v Speaker 4>a really fun thing. Okay, talking about the study of aquaculture.

750
00:43:01.719 --> 00:43:03.880
<v Speaker 2>Oh, I got a guy for that in Santa Barbara.

751
00:43:03.960 --> 00:43:06.920
<v Speaker 4>Oh. Nice. Yeah, there are a bunch of people who

752
00:43:06.920 --> 00:43:09.960
<v Speaker 4>have tried to rear coconut crabs and we just haven't

753
00:43:09.960 --> 00:43:13.119
<v Speaker 4>been successful at it. And that is the story for

754
00:43:13.280 --> 00:43:15.920
<v Speaker 4>the vast majority of things. We have not been successful

755
00:43:15.960 --> 00:43:19.920
<v Speaker 4>at it. We have no capacity to like actually rear

756
00:43:20.119 --> 00:43:22.480
<v Speaker 4>the whole life cycle. And it's that way for a

757
00:43:22.519 --> 00:43:25.920
<v Speaker 4>bunch of marine organisms. So people want to and they've tried.

758
00:43:26.039 --> 00:43:27.079
<v Speaker 4>It's just as hard.

759
00:43:27.559 --> 00:43:29.599
<v Speaker 2>Do they not mate in captivity or do they just

760
00:43:30.039 --> 00:43:32.920
<v Speaker 2>in a tank? They're like, I'm not thriving. I'm not

761
00:43:33.000 --> 00:43:33.719
<v Speaker 2>a happy crab.

762
00:43:33.880 --> 00:43:36.440
<v Speaker 4>You made me guess. I think it's going to have

763
00:43:36.519 --> 00:43:39.119
<v Speaker 4>a lot to do with making the larval stages happy.

764
00:43:39.760 --> 00:43:43.599
<v Speaker 4>So after they've hatched out keeping them alive and supplying

765
00:43:43.639 --> 00:43:47.039
<v Speaker 4>them with like the correct nutrient simon, they go through

766
00:43:47.360 --> 00:43:48.920
<v Speaker 4>so many life stages.

767
00:43:49.480 --> 00:43:51.679
<v Speaker 2>Well, actually, let's talk a little bit about those life stages,

768
00:43:51.679 --> 00:43:55.440
<v Speaker 2>because they don't just come out a full hardened crab.

769
00:43:55.920 --> 00:43:59.079
<v Speaker 2>They go through so many puberties. Right, So what is

770
00:43:59.119 --> 00:44:01.760
<v Speaker 2>the typical crab lifelike?

771
00:44:02.920 --> 00:44:07.880
<v Speaker 4>A typical crab life would start as an egg that's

772
00:44:08.320 --> 00:44:11.679
<v Speaker 4>inside of the pleopods of its mother.

773
00:44:12.159 --> 00:44:14.559
<v Speaker 2>Okay, quick aside here. So a pleopod is a little

774
00:44:14.599 --> 00:44:19.039
<v Speaker 2>appendage inside a pregger's or really a gravid or buried

775
00:44:19.360 --> 00:44:24.400
<v Speaker 2>female crabs abdominal flappy, flattened tail, and she uses these

776
00:44:24.440 --> 00:44:28.039
<v Speaker 2>bristled hair like little appendages to clean off the eggs

777
00:44:28.079 --> 00:44:30.360
<v Speaker 2>as well, kind of like a feather duster that's also

778
00:44:30.440 --> 00:44:34.400
<v Speaker 2>a fan, to wave oxygenated water around her. Thousands of

779
00:44:34.480 --> 00:44:39.320
<v Speaker 2>little grainy row babies, and they call her buried because

780
00:44:39.360 --> 00:44:41.960
<v Speaker 2>they're all snug like little berries in her belly flap.

781
00:44:42.280 --> 00:44:45.800
<v Speaker 4>It's going to get dispersed and it's going to become

782
00:44:46.559 --> 00:44:52.039
<v Speaker 4>one of several larval stages. And there isn't one set

783
00:44:52.079 --> 00:44:56.599
<v Speaker 4>of larval stages that all crustaceans go through. Some species

784
00:44:56.639 --> 00:45:02.000
<v Speaker 4>skip stage three, some skip stage one. It's just craziness.

785
00:45:02.840 --> 00:45:06.920
<v Speaker 4>And that is a whole thing unto itself, is larval

786
00:45:06.960 --> 00:45:11.199
<v Speaker 4>development of crustaceans. But the typical life cycle of a

787
00:45:11.239 --> 00:45:14.000
<v Speaker 4>crab is it's going to emerge from its mother or

788
00:45:14.079 --> 00:45:17.039
<v Speaker 4>eggs that get dispersed bias mother, depending on type of

789
00:45:17.480 --> 00:45:21.159
<v Speaker 4>crustace it is, and then you're going to go through

790
00:45:21.199 --> 00:45:25.159
<v Speaker 4>several larval stages. In your final larval stage will be

791
00:45:26.199 --> 00:45:29.559
<v Speaker 4>very very similar to the adult stage in crabs. At

792
00:45:29.719 --> 00:45:33.400
<v Speaker 4>last larval stage, it's called a megalopa, and it looks

793
00:45:33.920 --> 00:45:37.320
<v Speaker 4>like a really baby crab at that point. Before that,

794
00:45:37.440 --> 00:45:40.880
<v Speaker 4>the very early stages of Crustacea larvae, they all kind

795
00:45:40.880 --> 00:45:42.800
<v Speaker 4>of tend to look like sea monkeys a little bit.

796
00:45:43.639 --> 00:45:45.719
<v Speaker 2>So they may hatch from a neck and look like

797
00:45:45.880 --> 00:45:51.239
<v Speaker 2>tiny little seawater brine shrimp or freshwater fairy shrimp aliens

798
00:45:51.599 --> 00:45:55.400
<v Speaker 2>for an awkward half a dozen or so stages before

799
00:45:55.480 --> 00:45:58.440
<v Speaker 2>molting and looking like an actual crab. And excuse me,

800
00:45:58.599 --> 00:46:01.360
<v Speaker 2>let's go back fairy shrimp, which are not crabs. So

801
00:46:01.679 --> 00:46:04.800
<v Speaker 2>in the stacks, Adam had shown me a shelf to

802
00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.719
<v Speaker 2>this ceiling filled with these large jars, each containing dozens

803
00:46:09.760 --> 00:46:12.199
<v Speaker 2>of smaller, capped and labeled tubes.

804
00:46:12.840 --> 00:46:15.400
<v Speaker 4>These are the common name is the fairy shrimp. Yep,

805
00:46:15.440 --> 00:46:17.559
<v Speaker 4>you might know them also as sea monkeys.

806
00:46:17.719 --> 00:46:19.920
<v Speaker 2>Yes, I was looking into your work, and I was like, wait,

807
00:46:19.960 --> 00:46:22.599
<v Speaker 2>you study sea monkeys like your job.

808
00:46:22.760 --> 00:46:25.320
<v Speaker 4>That's lazy. I don't know how I got this job.

809
00:46:25.400 --> 00:46:28.400
<v Speaker 4>It makes no earthly sense, but it's really cool.

810
00:46:28.719 --> 00:46:33.519
<v Speaker 2>So these types of aquatic acrobatic swimming crustaceans, they're sold

811
00:46:33.599 --> 00:46:37.559
<v Speaker 2>as tiny pets and you can rehydrate their eggs and

812
00:46:37.639 --> 00:46:41.199
<v Speaker 2>have a miniature aquarium of these long tailed sea monkeys,

813
00:46:41.480 --> 00:46:44.840
<v Speaker 2>or artemia if you'd like to maintain a more formal

814
00:46:44.920 --> 00:46:45.920
<v Speaker 2>relationship with them.

815
00:46:46.239 --> 00:46:49.679
<v Speaker 4>These things are insane, like a fairy shrimp's eggs. We

816
00:46:49.760 --> 00:46:52.360
<v Speaker 4>don't even know how long a resting egg from the

817
00:46:52.360 --> 00:46:55.360
<v Speaker 4>fairy shrimp can sit around and still be viable. We

818
00:46:55.400 --> 00:46:58.079
<v Speaker 4>know that you can do decades because scientists keep them

819
00:46:58.079 --> 00:47:00.280
<v Speaker 4>in their labs for decades at a time. They find

820
00:47:00.320 --> 00:47:02.559
<v Speaker 4>an old sample and they throat and water. Definitely know

821
00:47:02.639 --> 00:47:05.719
<v Speaker 4>they can do decades. Some people believe that there's a

822
00:47:05.760 --> 00:47:08.440
<v Speaker 4>population in England that hatches out every one hundred and

823
00:47:08.519 --> 00:47:12.280
<v Speaker 4>thirteen years when the conditions get just right inside of

824
00:47:12.320 --> 00:47:15.199
<v Speaker 4>the quarry that has been around since of fourteen hundreds.

825
00:47:15.480 --> 00:47:19.079
<v Speaker 4>And then there's these anecdotal instances where people find the

826
00:47:19.159 --> 00:47:23.840
<v Speaker 4>resting eggs inside of like anthropological objects. So like maybe

827
00:47:23.880 --> 00:47:28.559
<v Speaker 4>like a water skin that someone had thousands of years

828
00:47:28.599 --> 00:47:31.719
<v Speaker 4>ago and may find it in our casual site, may

829
00:47:31.760 --> 00:47:34.000
<v Speaker 4>look inside of it and oh there's a resting egg

830
00:47:34.039 --> 00:47:35.519
<v Speaker 4>in there, and they'll take that out and they'll hatch it,

831
00:47:35.519 --> 00:47:38.320
<v Speaker 4>and they're like, well, does this mean that this egg

832
00:47:38.360 --> 00:47:41.480
<v Speaker 4>has been there for three thousand years or does that

833
00:47:41.559 --> 00:47:44.360
<v Speaker 4>mean that it got washed in there a couple hundred

834
00:47:44.400 --> 00:47:46.840
<v Speaker 4>years ago? Yeah, because it's also just been kind of

835
00:47:46.840 --> 00:47:50.360
<v Speaker 4>sitting in the ground. Super amazing fun stuff.

836
00:47:50.679 --> 00:47:52.400
<v Speaker 2>Love a fairy shrimp, Yeah.

837
00:47:52.239 --> 00:47:56.199
<v Speaker 4>Who doesn't. I haven't had a fairy shrimp cocktail that's

838
00:47:57.559 --> 00:47:58.199
<v Speaker 4>very tiny?

839
00:47:58.440 --> 00:48:02.639
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so tiny? Yeah, just little tiny dippers. So, yes,

840
00:48:02.800 --> 00:48:06.880
<v Speaker 2>that was about brine shrimp and fairy shrimp again, not crabs,

841
00:48:07.039 --> 00:48:09.159
<v Speaker 2>which is why this has to be a carcinology episode

842
00:48:09.199 --> 00:48:12.199
<v Speaker 2>and not just a bracky urology episode, which would be

843
00:48:12.199 --> 00:48:15.440
<v Speaker 2>only true crabs as you know now. But yes, fairy

844
00:48:15.519 --> 00:48:18.840
<v Speaker 2>shrimp are these delicious little popcorn snackies to a lot

845
00:48:18.840 --> 00:48:22.599
<v Speaker 2>of animals. And since baby larval crabs look a lot

846
00:48:22.679 --> 00:48:25.880
<v Speaker 2>like them, does that mean that they too become snared

847
00:48:25.880 --> 00:48:28.559
<v Speaker 2>as babies in the great Oceanic food web.

848
00:48:28.840 --> 00:48:30.400
<v Speaker 4>Oh, they're definitely eating the larval stages.

849
00:48:31.199 --> 00:48:32.760
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, these poor baby crabs.

850
00:48:32.880 --> 00:48:35.920
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, so they're so small it's like they're getting swept

851
00:48:36.000 --> 00:48:39.800
<v Speaker 4>up and siulder feeding. Basically 're plgic, largely look in

852
00:48:39.840 --> 00:48:42.800
<v Speaker 4>the midwater, swimming around doing their thing, and then they

853
00:48:42.840 --> 00:48:46.360
<v Speaker 4>become megaloqua and they will settle out and they'll go

854
00:48:46.559 --> 00:48:50.039
<v Speaker 4>to the bottom of the ocean the benthic environment, or

855
00:48:50.039 --> 00:48:52.960
<v Speaker 4>they'll go to the inner title and they will start

856
00:48:53.000 --> 00:48:56.400
<v Speaker 4>to develop very crab like morphology and they'll just start

857
00:48:56.400 --> 00:48:57.639
<v Speaker 4>living in a crabby life.

858
00:48:57.880 --> 00:49:01.760
<v Speaker 2>So they go through between two and nine larval stages,

859
00:49:02.199 --> 00:49:07.039
<v Speaker 2>just makeover after makeover. Then no one except probably carcinologists

860
00:49:07.199 --> 00:49:11.000
<v Speaker 2>see coming, and when they make their debut as a crab,

861
00:49:11.239 --> 00:49:14.320
<v Speaker 2>the costume changes are still not over. How often are

862
00:49:14.360 --> 00:49:16.760
<v Speaker 2>they molting because that's how they get bigger.

863
00:49:16.519 --> 00:49:20.920
<v Speaker 4>Yes, it is how they get bigger. The main driver

864
00:49:21.159 --> 00:49:26.440
<v Speaker 4>for that, I believe is essentially when the animal has

865
00:49:26.840 --> 00:49:31.079
<v Speaker 4>grown internally so much that its muscles and its organs

866
00:49:31.119 --> 00:49:35.840
<v Speaker 4>is putting enough pressure on its asoskeleton, it needs to melt.

867
00:49:35.920 --> 00:49:39.559
<v Speaker 4>I gotta get out, and that's what's driving. But there

868
00:49:39.599 --> 00:49:45.159
<v Speaker 4>are definitely molting seasons for like some crabs, like the Dungeoness, crabs.

869
00:49:45.239 --> 00:49:48.280
<v Speaker 4>There is a molting season that happens and almost all

870
00:49:48.280 --> 00:49:50.159
<v Speaker 4>of the crabs go and they mold of that time

871
00:49:50.400 --> 00:49:54.079
<v Speaker 4>and then they'll grow, and that is a time when

872
00:49:54.119 --> 00:49:56.480
<v Speaker 4>you're not allowed to do fishing form them.

873
00:49:56.519 --> 00:50:01.159
<v Speaker 2>For instance, Is that why in late December it's dungeness

874
00:50:01.159 --> 00:50:03.039
<v Speaker 2>crab season because they're not molting.

875
00:50:03.760 --> 00:50:07.159
<v Speaker 4>Yeah. I believe it's late enough after the molt that

876
00:50:07.639 --> 00:50:11.400
<v Speaker 4>they have filled in and it's a good time to

877
00:50:12.079 --> 00:50:15.199
<v Speaker 4>harvest them. And they actually kind of track that, the

878
00:50:15.199 --> 00:50:18.599
<v Speaker 4>Fisheries Department. They'll send boats out and they'll take a

879
00:50:18.639 --> 00:50:21.760
<v Speaker 4>crab and if it had recently molted, a ten inch

880
00:50:21.840 --> 00:50:24.559
<v Speaker 4>crab will actually only have as much meat in it

881
00:50:24.599 --> 00:50:28.159
<v Speaker 4>as like a six inch crab, because when it molts,

882
00:50:28.199 --> 00:50:30.719
<v Speaker 4>like in a day or so, it hardens and it's

883
00:50:30.719 --> 00:50:34.400
<v Speaker 4>asus skeleton gets thirty percent bigger, but the insides of

884
00:50:34.440 --> 00:50:36.960
<v Speaker 4>it are still small, right, and it's growing into its

885
00:50:37.000 --> 00:50:37.440
<v Speaker 4>new shell.

886
00:50:37.639 --> 00:50:39.400
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, like shoes or something, right.

887
00:50:39.440 --> 00:50:44.199
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, And it's basically the Fisheries Department is waiting until

888
00:50:44.400 --> 00:50:47.519
<v Speaker 4>that crab is filled up most of it's at sy skeleton,

889
00:50:47.559 --> 00:50:49.559
<v Speaker 4>and that's like a good time to open the season.

890
00:50:51.960 --> 00:50:55.519
<v Speaker 2>So many questions when we're eating crab meat, we're eating.

891
00:50:55.360 --> 00:51:01.719
<v Speaker 4>Muscles depends on what your personal references like. I have

892
00:51:01.800 --> 00:51:04.760
<v Speaker 4>a lot of people in my life who just eat

893
00:51:04.880 --> 00:51:09.880
<v Speaker 4>everything in a crab. Basically. I have people in my

894
00:51:10.039 --> 00:51:14.800
<v Speaker 4>life that are engineers and have actually I believe they

895
00:51:15.039 --> 00:51:20.639
<v Speaker 4>patented a machine that will clean a crab perfectly to

896
00:51:20.679 --> 00:51:26.599
<v Speaker 4>where the internal organs essentially never touch the meat or

897
00:51:26.920 --> 00:51:30.199
<v Speaker 4>as little as possible, so that it is you're just

898
00:51:30.280 --> 00:51:33.320
<v Speaker 4>eating muscle. And then I know people who are like, oh, yeah,

899
00:51:33.440 --> 00:51:35.880
<v Speaker 4>that's the best part of a crab. So I would

900
00:51:35.920 --> 00:51:40.599
<v Speaker 4>say Western European people are largely just eating crab muscle,

901
00:51:40.960 --> 00:51:43.559
<v Speaker 4>like in my legs and things like that. Other people

902
00:51:43.920 --> 00:51:47.760
<v Speaker 4>and other cultures tend to eat whatever is delicious, and

903
00:51:47.840 --> 00:51:50.800
<v Speaker 4>I advocate for eating whatever is delicious. Right.

904
00:51:51.320 --> 00:51:57.239
<v Speaker 2>My mother, Hi, who's Italian, and we're from the bar

905
00:51:57.239 --> 00:52:00.400
<v Speaker 2>area where dungeons grabs are or like a delicate would

906
00:52:00.440 --> 00:52:03.159
<v Speaker 2>be like a holiday meal for us. My mom flips

907
00:52:03.199 --> 00:52:09.880
<v Speaker 2>it over. Whatever is that souper dark ocre kind of color,

908
00:52:09.920 --> 00:52:12.199
<v Speaker 2>that buttery color. My mom mashes it up with the

909
00:52:12.199 --> 00:52:13.960
<v Speaker 2>fork pepper and she calls a crab butter and then

910
00:52:14.000 --> 00:52:16.320
<v Speaker 2>new dip sour dough in it. And as a child

911
00:52:16.440 --> 00:52:21.119
<v Speaker 2>it was horrifying. I wanted to call some authorities. I

912
00:52:21.119 --> 00:52:23.480
<v Speaker 2>wanted to be taken out of the home. But now

913
00:52:23.519 --> 00:52:25.480
<v Speaker 2>as an adult, I'm like, that shit's good. It tastes

914
00:52:25.519 --> 00:52:28.280
<v Speaker 2>like uni. A lot of people toss it and you're like,

915
00:52:28.320 --> 00:52:29.159
<v Speaker 2>that stuffs good.

916
00:52:29.519 --> 00:52:30.000
<v Speaker 4>It is fair.

917
00:52:30.039 --> 00:52:31.760
<v Speaker 2>What am I eating when I'm eating crab butter?

918
00:52:32.159 --> 00:52:38.039
<v Speaker 4>Mom, that's a little difficult. So crustaceans don't have the

919
00:52:38.079 --> 00:52:41.239
<v Speaker 4>same suite of organs that we do, so it's not

920
00:52:41.320 --> 00:52:45.920
<v Speaker 4>quite easy for us to translate it. They have less

921
00:52:46.039 --> 00:52:47.400
<v Speaker 4>organs that do more things.

922
00:52:47.800 --> 00:52:52.119
<v Speaker 2>So yes, this substance is technically the organ hepato pancreas,

923
00:52:52.320 --> 00:52:54.760
<v Speaker 2>but if that sounds too medical, you can feel free

924
00:52:54.760 --> 00:52:59.199
<v Speaker 2>to call it crab butter or tommily or mustar. Don't

925
00:52:59.239 --> 00:53:03.559
<v Speaker 2>call it dinner too often, because this viscera's job is

926
00:53:03.599 --> 00:53:08.840
<v Speaker 2>to filter out mercury and neurotoxins and PCBs, which are

927
00:53:08.920 --> 00:53:13.400
<v Speaker 2>potentially cricinogenic. So yes, cancer gets its name from the

928
00:53:13.480 --> 00:53:18.320
<v Speaker 2>leg like spread of tumors, so find out how polluted

929
00:53:18.400 --> 00:53:20.840
<v Speaker 2>the waters may have been. But yeah, so this is

930
00:53:20.880 --> 00:53:24.119
<v Speaker 2>a delicacy and it tastes like unie. I love it,

931
00:53:24.400 --> 00:53:27.039
<v Speaker 2>so does my Italian mom, And it's worth trying, but

932
00:53:27.159 --> 00:53:30.960
<v Speaker 2>like oysters and muscles, just don't like pluck a crab

933
00:53:31.000 --> 00:53:33.760
<v Speaker 2>out of the waters near a polluted beach and you'll

934
00:53:33.800 --> 00:53:37.480
<v Speaker 2>probably be fine. Also see the Sea urchin episode linked

935
00:53:37.480 --> 00:53:40.239
<v Speaker 2>in the show notes for info on where scientists are

936
00:53:40.360 --> 00:53:43.639
<v Speaker 2>begging you to harvest unie. Also, if you saw the

937
00:53:43.679 --> 00:53:47.480
<v Speaker 2>Tom Hanks vehicle called Castaway, and like me, if you

938
00:53:47.559 --> 00:53:51.360
<v Speaker 2>have burned into your memory this scene where he spears

939
00:53:51.400 --> 00:53:55.199
<v Speaker 2>a crab and the raw muscles are like a slime

940
00:53:55.599 --> 00:53:59.559
<v Speaker 2>like abomination. I checked into that for us and irl

941
00:53:59.760 --> 00:54:03.320
<v Speaker 2>it's apparently much firmer than that the muscles, and in

942
00:54:03.360 --> 00:54:05.920
<v Speaker 2>the film, Hanks isn't even sparing a real crab. It's

943
00:54:05.920 --> 00:54:09.199
<v Speaker 2>an animatronic crab, and it's filled with this mixture of

944
00:54:09.360 --> 00:54:12.920
<v Speaker 2>egg whites and food coloring for the scene. So while

945
00:54:12.920 --> 00:54:16.039
<v Speaker 2>the crew probably ate seafood every other night for dinner,

946
00:54:16.360 --> 00:54:19.360
<v Speaker 2>no real crab legs were cracked in the making of

947
00:54:19.360 --> 00:54:22.159
<v Speaker 2>the movie, at least not on film, which always really

948
00:54:22.159 --> 00:54:25.440
<v Speaker 2>confuses me because a chicken was probably harmed in the

949
00:54:25.440 --> 00:54:28.000
<v Speaker 2>making of that egg white. But I'm neither vegan nor

950
00:54:28.000 --> 00:54:32.079
<v Speaker 2>in charge anyway crabs. So when we're dealing with the

951
00:54:32.199 --> 00:54:38.920
<v Speaker 2>anatomy of most crabs, we've got ten legs, muscles in them.

952
00:54:38.920 --> 00:54:41.920
<v Speaker 2>They got a hemi pancreas. A lot of the marine

953
00:54:41.920 --> 00:54:44.719
<v Speaker 2>types have gills, those fingery things.

954
00:54:44.880 --> 00:54:48.679
<v Speaker 4>They all have gills. All these crabs. Not all crustaceans

955
00:54:48.719 --> 00:54:50.280
<v Speaker 4>have gills. Okay, yeah, they.

956
00:54:50.159 --> 00:54:53.079
<v Speaker 2>All have gills, even poser crabs like the king crab.

957
00:54:53.559 --> 00:54:53.920
<v Speaker 5>Yeah.

958
00:54:54.320 --> 00:54:59.840
<v Speaker 4>So gills are a structure that happened later in the

959
00:55:00.039 --> 00:55:06.960
<v Speaker 4>evolutionary history of crustaceans. And the commas ancestor of the

960
00:55:06.960 --> 00:55:09.719
<v Speaker 4>animurins and the bracken urines all had.

961
00:55:09.760 --> 00:55:12.880
<v Speaker 2>Gills, and gills can also work on land.

962
00:55:13.800 --> 00:55:19.159
<v Speaker 4>They can. They are less efficient doing gas change with

963
00:55:19.519 --> 00:55:23.159
<v Speaker 4>the atmosphere as a gas versus in a liquid like water,

964
00:55:23.719 --> 00:55:27.639
<v Speaker 4>but they have to stay moist. So the only way

965
00:55:27.679 --> 00:55:33.199
<v Speaker 4>that crustaceans can exist on land is they manage to

966
00:55:33.280 --> 00:55:36.800
<v Speaker 4>keep themselves pretty moist, and a large part of that

967
00:55:36.960 --> 00:55:39.320
<v Speaker 4>is for doing gas change too. That needs to have

968
00:55:39.400 --> 00:55:41.320
<v Speaker 4>that little surface coating of water.

969
00:55:41.599 --> 00:55:43.239
<v Speaker 2>How are they doing that? Are they taking a dip

970
00:55:43.239 --> 00:55:45.360
<v Speaker 2>in the ocean or is it humid enough in those

971
00:55:45.800 --> 00:55:48.119
<v Speaker 2>spots where there's enough vapor.

972
00:55:48.920 --> 00:55:54.239
<v Speaker 4>It's a little bit of both. Some of the shore

973
00:55:54.239 --> 00:55:58.239
<v Speaker 4>crops they are living in that little Goldilocks zone of

974
00:55:58.280 --> 00:56:00.840
<v Speaker 4>the inner title where they get to kind of stay

975
00:56:00.880 --> 00:56:05.480
<v Speaker 4>wet just by getting dipped by the ocean every so often. Additionally,

976
00:56:05.519 --> 00:56:08.840
<v Speaker 4>they will kind of secute mucuses and stuff like that

977
00:56:08.840 --> 00:56:12.960
<v Speaker 4>that keep them moist longer than just water wood. And

978
00:56:13.000 --> 00:56:17.119
<v Speaker 4>then this does tend to happen when it's a fully

979
00:56:17.199 --> 00:56:21.480
<v Speaker 4>terrestrial things. They have to live in pretty moist environments,

980
00:56:21.519 --> 00:56:24.480
<v Speaker 4>like roly polies that live in your backyard. You probably

981
00:56:24.519 --> 00:56:27.119
<v Speaker 4>have obviously noticed that you find them like under a

982
00:56:27.239 --> 00:56:30.599
<v Speaker 4>damp thing, and when it's wet out, they go wherever

983
00:56:30.639 --> 00:56:34.000
<v Speaker 4>they want because it's damp everywhere, but they need that

984
00:56:34.159 --> 00:56:40.239
<v Speaker 4>extra moisture when it's drier outside of like underneath the log. Well.

985
00:56:40.280 --> 00:56:43.480
<v Speaker 2>I've wondered this about crabs because they have dang hard

986
00:56:43.519 --> 00:56:48.480
<v Speaker 2>shells which seem expensive, like an armored car. So where

987
00:56:48.559 --> 00:56:52.480
<v Speaker 2>are they getting the ingredients to make that shell? And

988
00:56:52.519 --> 00:56:53.960
<v Speaker 2>how expensive is it to molt?

989
00:56:54.880 --> 00:57:00.199
<v Speaker 4>It is expensive to molt in several ways, Fancy I

990
00:57:00.199 --> 00:57:04.559
<v Speaker 4>would say the biggest expence of molting is giving up

991
00:57:04.559 --> 00:57:07.239
<v Speaker 4>that expensive armor for that period of time, because they

992
00:57:07.280 --> 00:57:13.960
<v Speaker 4>become very very susceptible to predation. So they are getting

993
00:57:14.000 --> 00:57:18.000
<v Speaker 4>benutrients from their food and then they're sucking elements out

994
00:57:18.360 --> 00:57:24.960
<v Speaker 4>of the ocean to calcify and harden their exoskeleton. So

995
00:57:25.639 --> 00:57:29.400
<v Speaker 4>the proteins and kitens and things like that, we're making

996
00:57:29.400 --> 00:57:32.519
<v Speaker 4>that themselves and generating that from their food. And then

997
00:57:32.800 --> 00:57:38.000
<v Speaker 4>they are taking minerals out of the water to harden

998
00:57:38.360 --> 00:57:39.920
<v Speaker 4>their soscullons.

999
00:57:40.079 --> 00:57:44.199
<v Speaker 2>And Okay, before a crab levels up in molts, it'll

1000
00:57:44.280 --> 00:57:47.519
<v Speaker 2>leach some calcium carbonate from its old shell, like thank

1001
00:57:47.519 --> 00:57:50.920
<v Speaker 2>you very much me, and an enzyme helps it separate

1002
00:57:50.960 --> 00:57:52.719
<v Speaker 2>from its old shell, and it starts to grow this

1003
00:57:52.880 --> 00:57:56.920
<v Speaker 2>way free, delicate new shell. And then it swells up

1004
00:57:56.960 --> 00:58:00.519
<v Speaker 2>with seawater to bust the seams of the old shell,

1005
00:58:00.599 --> 00:58:03.000
<v Speaker 2>like an old prom dress that you should have just

1006
00:58:03.159 --> 00:58:05.480
<v Speaker 2>left in the back of the closet. And that shell

1007
00:58:05.719 --> 00:58:10.440
<v Speaker 2>is composed of a biopolymer called kitan, which has sugars

1008
00:58:10.480 --> 00:58:14.559
<v Speaker 2>and proteins and yeah, calcium. So as the ocean grabs

1009
00:58:14.599 --> 00:58:18.920
<v Speaker 2>more carbon dioxide from our choking atmosphere, the acidity of

1010
00:58:18.920 --> 00:58:22.559
<v Speaker 2>our oceans are rising, and the larval stages of crustaceans

1011
00:58:22.559 --> 00:58:26.360
<v Speaker 2>are the most vulnerable to the changes in the bioavailability

1012
00:58:26.440 --> 00:58:29.480
<v Speaker 2>of minerals. You can see our biomineralogy episode, which we'll

1013
00:58:29.519 --> 00:58:31.679
<v Speaker 2>link in the show notes if you're hungry for a

1014
00:58:31.760 --> 00:58:35.519
<v Speaker 2>shell of a lot more hard facts. All right, crabs,

1015
00:58:35.519 --> 00:58:37.440
<v Speaker 2>what are they eating? Are they bottom feeders? Are they

1016
00:58:37.480 --> 00:58:39.800
<v Speaker 2>eating poop? Are they eating dead things? What's going on?

1017
00:58:40.280 --> 00:58:45.280
<v Speaker 4>Crabs have a very wide range of niches that they feel.

1018
00:58:45.760 --> 00:58:48.840
<v Speaker 4>Some of them are definitely eating poop, and some of

1019
00:58:48.840 --> 00:58:51.480
<v Speaker 4>them are eating dead animals that they find on the ground.

1020
00:58:52.000 --> 00:58:55.480
<v Speaker 4>Others are really great predators and they hunt for what

1021
00:58:55.519 --> 00:58:58.760
<v Speaker 4>they want. So like that adorable little shamefaced crab I

1022
00:58:58.800 --> 00:59:02.800
<v Speaker 4>showed you there, Kalapa Kalapa. It's cute crab.

1023
00:59:03.199 --> 00:59:06.800
<v Speaker 2>So Adam points over his shoulder to a framed photograph

1024
00:59:06.880 --> 00:59:08.920
<v Speaker 2>and it's a close up, kind of like a pet

1025
00:59:08.960 --> 00:59:10.960
<v Speaker 2>portrait of the same crab he showed me back in

1026
00:59:11.000 --> 00:59:14.599
<v Speaker 2>the stacks, And it resembles little puppy curled up in

1027
00:59:14.639 --> 00:59:18.000
<v Speaker 2>a nap with its little claw pause covering most of

1028
00:59:18.039 --> 00:59:21.639
<v Speaker 2>its face. And it's a box crab in the genus Kalapa.

1029
00:59:21.760 --> 00:59:25.079
<v Speaker 2>And it's maybe my favorite crab ever because I identify with

1030
00:59:25.159 --> 00:59:26.000
<v Speaker 2>it emotionally.

1031
00:59:26.480 --> 00:59:31.400
<v Speaker 4>This is also a decapon, completely different body shape. Oh

1032
00:59:31.480 --> 00:59:36.440
<v Speaker 4>my gosh, this is a collapic crab, or some people

1033
00:59:36.519 --> 00:59:39.239
<v Speaker 4>call them shameface crabs because they're adorable. They kind of

1034
00:59:39.239 --> 00:59:42.159
<v Speaker 4>look like they're hiding their face in shame. These things

1035
00:59:42.199 --> 00:59:44.800
<v Speaker 4>are amazing predators. So if you're ever lucky enough to

1036
00:59:44.800 --> 00:59:48.159
<v Speaker 4>spend any time in the Caribbean and you're swimming around

1037
00:59:48.280 --> 00:59:50.960
<v Speaker 4>and you hear something going off every i don't know,

1038
00:59:51.000 --> 00:59:53.280
<v Speaker 4>a few seconds, it kind of sounds like a small

1039
00:59:53.320 --> 00:59:58.480
<v Speaker 4>gun shot. It's this crab in a battle with a

1040
00:59:58.880 --> 01:00:03.119
<v Speaker 4>gaspod marine and snail wherea's using this special little cook

1041
01:00:03.840 --> 01:00:07.360
<v Speaker 4>and one of its claws that is specially adapted to

1042
01:00:08.199 --> 01:00:11.880
<v Speaker 4>crack through really thick gaspod shells, and then it has

1043
01:00:11.960 --> 01:00:15.880
<v Speaker 4>this really fun like its claws are asymmetrical, so one

1044
01:00:15.960 --> 01:00:18.320
<v Speaker 4>is adapted to doing the crushing and the breaking into

1045
01:00:18.360 --> 01:00:21.079
<v Speaker 4>the shell. And the everyone is lawn and recurved and

1046
01:00:21.360 --> 01:00:23.599
<v Speaker 4>kind of scary looking, and it reaches in puls the

1047
01:00:23.639 --> 01:00:27.800
<v Speaker 4>gasterpod snail out of his shell once it's actually chipped

1048
01:00:27.800 --> 01:00:31.079
<v Speaker 4>it away. But that kind of shotgun saldwich you hear

1049
01:00:31.119 --> 01:00:34.400
<v Speaker 4>in the water is this breaking the shell. And they

1050
01:00:34.400 --> 01:00:37.039
<v Speaker 4>are just really beautiful, amazing things.

1051
01:00:37.199 --> 01:00:39.280
<v Speaker 2>And what's that one called the shame face grab.

1052
01:00:39.400 --> 01:00:44.440
<v Speaker 4>Shame face crab. The group is collaping crabs. I think

1053
01:00:44.440 --> 01:00:48.119
<v Speaker 4>they're really adorable. I had the really amazing opportunity to

1054
01:00:48.199 --> 01:00:51.000
<v Speaker 4>watch one of these molt in the wild, crawl out

1055
01:00:51.000 --> 01:00:54.519
<v Speaker 4>of his own skin, pump itself up, get about thirty

1056
01:00:54.519 --> 01:00:58.519
<v Speaker 4>percent bigger, and start to harden itself. It was really magical.

1057
01:00:58.719 --> 01:01:02.039
<v Speaker 2>So yes, some crabs and dead stuff and others like

1058
01:01:02.079 --> 01:01:06.599
<v Speaker 2>these kalappa or box crab or shame faced crabs, they

1059
01:01:06.679 --> 01:01:09.119
<v Speaker 2>might just be demure looking killing machines.

1060
01:01:09.679 --> 01:01:13.360
<v Speaker 4>So that is going to be like a very predator

1061
01:01:13.440 --> 01:01:18.679
<v Speaker 4>driven and they are out there hunting sea snails very actively.

1062
01:01:18.800 --> 01:01:21.360
<v Speaker 4>They're definitely earning their dinner.

1063
01:01:22.000 --> 01:01:24.199
<v Speaker 2>Are they fast enough for that? Are some crabs pretty

1064
01:01:24.199 --> 01:01:25.239
<v Speaker 2>fast and some pretty slow?

1065
01:01:25.920 --> 01:01:29.000
<v Speaker 4>Some crabs are very fast, some crabs are very slow.

1066
01:01:29.639 --> 01:01:35.079
<v Speaker 4>And this is an interesting like aside. So like that

1067
01:01:35.239 --> 01:01:38.159
<v Speaker 4>shame face crab, it only has to be faster than

1068
01:01:38.199 --> 01:01:44.639
<v Speaker 4>a seasnail right for its hunting purposes, right and right now,

1069
01:01:44.679 --> 01:01:48.119
<v Speaker 4>it's winning this evolutionary arms race, so it is faster

1070
01:01:48.199 --> 01:01:50.760
<v Speaker 4>than a sea snail, and it has that special little

1071
01:01:50.840 --> 01:01:55.679
<v Speaker 4>can opener style claw on one side that breaks gaspod

1072
01:01:56.199 --> 01:02:01.000
<v Speaker 4>shelves right now, right, I imagine there's probably selection going on

1073
01:02:01.079 --> 01:02:05.639
<v Speaker 4>evolutionarily for gaspod shells that are so thick and hard

1074
01:02:05.760 --> 01:02:09.599
<v Speaker 4>that these crabs can't actually break through them, right, So

1075
01:02:09.960 --> 01:02:12.320
<v Speaker 4>it's like a dynamic race of a thing.

1076
01:02:13.239 --> 01:02:14.440
<v Speaker 2>What are some fast crabs?

1077
01:02:15.440 --> 01:02:19.800
<v Speaker 4>There are shore crabs that are very fast on land

1078
01:02:20.119 --> 01:02:22.960
<v Speaker 4>swimming crabs. It's like blue crabs on the East Coast.

1079
01:02:23.000 --> 01:02:24.559
<v Speaker 4>They move pretty fast through the water.

1080
01:02:24.639 --> 01:02:26.119
<v Speaker 2>Honestly, are they swimming?

1081
01:02:26.440 --> 01:02:28.760
<v Speaker 4>Yeah? Have you had blue crab?

1082
01:02:28.960 --> 01:02:29.320
<v Speaker 6>I have?

1083
01:02:29.480 --> 01:02:32.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah? I think that those are Like in Baltimore, they're

1084
01:02:32.440 --> 01:02:34.599
<v Speaker 2>just crab cakes where they're like, we don't use bread crumbs.

1085
01:02:34.639 --> 01:02:38.639
<v Speaker 2>That's disgusting. Oh, it's just all crab, you know what

1086
01:02:38.639 --> 01:02:41.079
<v Speaker 2>I mean. It's not like it. Yeah, sometimes you'll get.

1087
01:02:40.960 --> 01:02:43.480
<v Speaker 4>Like it's mostly bread versus like mostly crab.

1088
01:02:43.800 --> 01:02:46.559
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, okay, let's be quick about this. But it's quite

1089
01:02:46.559 --> 01:02:49.360
<v Speaker 2>a ride. So most crab cakes have a bunch of

1090
01:02:49.360 --> 01:02:52.440
<v Speaker 2>bread crumbs and eggs and mustard and such that the

1091
01:02:52.480 --> 01:02:55.920
<v Speaker 2>proportion of crab to other stuff is a lot lower.

1092
01:02:56.199 --> 01:03:00.519
<v Speaker 2>But Maryland crab cakes or Baltimore style, feature blue crab

1093
01:03:00.760 --> 01:03:04.440
<v Speaker 2>with minimal binder and just a dash of old Bay

1094
01:03:04.519 --> 01:03:07.920
<v Speaker 2>seasoning and they're just chilled to firm up before they're cooked.

1095
01:03:08.000 --> 01:03:10.280
<v Speaker 2>So I was like, why does Old Bay Seasoning have

1096
01:03:10.519 --> 01:03:14.280
<v Speaker 2>a ticket into Maryland crab cake, but nothing else does. Okay,

1097
01:03:14.400 --> 01:03:17.679
<v Speaker 2>So this spice is a blend. It's a local favorite

1098
01:03:17.719 --> 01:03:20.119
<v Speaker 2>along the Chesapeake Bay and it was created by a

1099
01:03:20.159 --> 01:03:23.639
<v Speaker 2>man named Gustav Brun. And Gustaf was a German jew

1100
01:03:23.880 --> 01:03:27.719
<v Speaker 2>who in nineteen thirty eight was arrested in Weimar, Germany

1101
01:03:27.920 --> 01:03:32.159
<v Speaker 2>alongside thirty thousand others in what became known as Crystal

1102
01:03:32.239 --> 01:03:36.480
<v Speaker 2>Knock or the Night of Broken Glass, and Gustav Brune

1103
01:03:36.719 --> 01:03:39.599
<v Speaker 2>was sent to Bugenwald concentration camp, which is one of

1104
01:03:39.639 --> 01:03:43.199
<v Speaker 2>the first and the largest, and having been in the

1105
01:03:43.239 --> 01:03:48.440
<v Speaker 2>wholesale spice business and prosperous previously, Gustav's wife was able

1106
01:03:48.480 --> 01:03:51.280
<v Speaker 2>to spend a considerable amount of their savings on a

1107
01:03:51.400 --> 01:03:55.199
<v Speaker 2>lawyer to get Gustav released, as their family had already

1108
01:03:55.199 --> 01:03:59.480
<v Speaker 2>secured American fisas, so in nineteen thirty nine they escaped.

1109
01:03:59.559 --> 01:04:03.199
<v Speaker 2>They came to Baltimore with just a small spice grinder,

1110
01:04:03.559 --> 01:04:06.280
<v Speaker 2>and Gustaff found a job at a spice company called

1111
01:04:06.400 --> 01:04:10.440
<v Speaker 2>McCormick and was then quickly let go because of his

1112
01:04:10.519 --> 01:04:13.920
<v Speaker 2>immigrant status and because English was his second language, so

1113
01:04:14.199 --> 01:04:16.559
<v Speaker 2>he started up his own business. He was making spices

1114
01:04:16.559 --> 01:04:19.440
<v Speaker 2>for a sausage shop, and fishmongers would come to him

1115
01:04:19.440 --> 01:04:22.440
<v Speaker 2>and buy spices in bulk to try to make seafood blends.

1116
01:04:22.480 --> 01:04:25.119
<v Speaker 2>And so he decided, having been a man of spices,

1117
01:04:25.360 --> 01:04:29.039
<v Speaker 2>to craft his own proprietary blend of eighteen spices. And

1118
01:04:29.079 --> 01:04:31.880
<v Speaker 2>it included celery salts, and red and black pepper, and

1119
01:04:31.920 --> 01:04:36.679
<v Speaker 2>paprika maybe Laurel leaves, who knows what else. So most

1120
01:04:36.760 --> 01:04:38.800
<v Speaker 2>rich people at the time were eating crabs with all

1121
01:04:38.880 --> 01:04:41.960
<v Speaker 2>kinds of buttery sauces, and the poorer folks would eat

1122
01:04:42.000 --> 01:04:45.800
<v Speaker 2>simple steamed crab. But after Old Bay comes on the scene,

1123
01:04:46.119 --> 01:04:49.679
<v Speaker 2>simpler ingredients including Old Bay take off and the crab

1124
01:04:49.719 --> 01:04:53.320
<v Speaker 2>market gets even bigger, and he calls his signature blend

1125
01:04:54.039 --> 01:04:58.360
<v Speaker 2>the Delicious Brand Shrimp and Crab Seasoning, until a friend

1126
01:04:58.400 --> 01:05:00.960
<v Speaker 2>is like, Gustaf, love you, but that sucks shit, so

1127
01:05:01.199 --> 01:05:04.159
<v Speaker 2>he changed it to Old Bay after this passenger ship

1128
01:05:04.440 --> 01:05:07.400
<v Speaker 2>line that traveled in the nearby Chesapeake Bay. The blend

1129
01:05:07.639 --> 01:05:12.440
<v Speaker 2>is obviously a success. Bruin continues to hire immigrants and refugees,

1130
01:05:12.800 --> 01:05:16.159
<v Speaker 2>helping them learn English and trade skills, and he referred

1131
01:05:16.199 --> 01:05:19.280
<v Speaker 2>to his company at one point as a United Nations.

1132
01:05:19.400 --> 01:05:23.039
<v Speaker 2>In miniature Gustuff died but at the age of ninety

1133
01:05:23.079 --> 01:05:25.880
<v Speaker 2>two in the year nineteen eighty five, and a few

1134
01:05:25.960 --> 01:05:29.400
<v Speaker 2>years later the Old Bay Banner was sold for the

1135
01:05:29.440 --> 01:05:34.199
<v Speaker 2>equivalent of twenty three million dollars. The buyer was McCormick,

1136
01:05:34.639 --> 01:05:38.480
<v Speaker 2>who had fired him forty five years earlier. Now, if

1137
01:05:38.480 --> 01:05:42.039
<v Speaker 2>you're ever in Ryerstown, Maryland, you can visit Gustav's final

1138
01:05:42.079 --> 01:05:45.719
<v Speaker 2>resting place at the Baltimore Hebrew Cemetery. Maybe you can

1139
01:05:46.039 --> 01:05:48.320
<v Speaker 2>sprinkle a little tiny pinch of Old Bay out for

1140
01:05:48.400 --> 01:05:52.400
<v Speaker 2>a real one. But yes, Maryland seafood delicacies more than

1141
01:05:52.599 --> 01:05:54.199
<v Speaker 2>crab meets the eye.

1142
01:05:54.079 --> 01:05:59.079
<v Speaker 4>So East Coast thing vos are actually the crabbiest of crabs. Actually,

1143
01:06:00.079 --> 01:06:04.400
<v Speaker 4>as a naturalist and someone who has to collect animals

1144
01:06:04.639 --> 01:06:08.800
<v Speaker 4>for my work, the only animal I've ever had actually

1145
01:06:08.840 --> 01:06:12.000
<v Speaker 4>try and attack me was a blue crab. What happened, Well,

1146
01:06:12.000 --> 01:06:15.599
<v Speaker 4>it's actually a swimming crab. I was in the Caribbean,

1147
01:06:15.880 --> 01:06:20.239
<v Speaker 4>and normally I go and I collect specimens and I

1148
01:06:20.239 --> 01:06:21.800
<v Speaker 4>picked them up and I put them into a bag

1149
01:06:21.840 --> 01:06:23.360
<v Speaker 4>when I take them back to the lab and then

1150
01:06:23.440 --> 01:06:25.519
<v Speaker 4>we take them back. I was trying to pick up

1151
01:06:25.559 --> 01:06:27.599
<v Speaker 4>this crab to do the same thing to it. I

1152
01:06:27.679 --> 01:06:31.760
<v Speaker 4>went towards it, it swam away. I swam towards it again.

1153
01:06:31.840 --> 01:06:33.800
<v Speaker 4>It turned around and it was ready to fight me.

1154
01:06:34.960 --> 01:06:38.119
<v Speaker 4>And it did fight me. Only animal ever to actually

1155
01:06:38.239 --> 01:06:42.920
<v Speaker 4>draw blood on me so far. It's a very feisty crab.

1156
01:06:43.199 --> 01:06:46.039
<v Speaker 2>So Adam was trying to help this species by taking

1157
01:06:46.119 --> 01:06:49.559
<v Speaker 2>it on a little tiny alien abduction adventure to do

1158
01:06:49.639 --> 01:06:52.960
<v Speaker 2>some measuring and such and then safely re release it.

1159
01:06:53.119 --> 01:06:56.199
<v Speaker 2>Plus he doesn't even like eating crabs. They pinched the

1160
01:06:56.199 --> 01:06:56.719
<v Speaker 2>wrong guy.

1161
01:06:56.880 --> 01:07:00.559
<v Speaker 4>Man, The pinching force is pretty darn good. And actually,

1162
01:07:00.599 --> 01:07:03.400
<v Speaker 4>as a person who studies blue crabs, you have this

1163
01:07:03.719 --> 01:07:07.000
<v Speaker 4>one problem. They are also so mean. You can't keep

1164
01:07:07.039 --> 01:07:10.000
<v Speaker 4>two blue crabs in the same tank without putting like

1165
01:07:10.119 --> 01:07:12.679
<v Speaker 4>rubber bands around their pinchers, for instance, because they will

1166
01:07:12.719 --> 01:07:13.400
<v Speaker 4>just kill each other.

1167
01:07:13.679 --> 01:07:14.000
<v Speaker 2>Dang.

1168
01:07:14.280 --> 01:07:19.400
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, and it's a real problem. They are ferocious analyts.

1169
01:07:19.719 --> 01:07:21.519
<v Speaker 2>Okay, I'm going to get to Patreon questions because we

1170
01:07:21.559 --> 01:07:24.280
<v Speaker 2>have so many. Okay, yep, and okay, we're going to

1171
01:07:24.320 --> 01:07:28.920
<v Speaker 2>get to your inquiring waters next week. Your questions are

1172
01:07:29.239 --> 01:07:32.760
<v Speaker 2>bonkers and his responses are also bonkers, So that is

1173
01:07:32.840 --> 01:07:35.960
<v Speaker 2>next week. Join us for that. You want to subscribe

1174
01:07:35.960 --> 01:07:37.840
<v Speaker 2>and check back so you make sure to get it,

1175
01:07:37.880 --> 01:07:39.840
<v Speaker 2>so please go follow the show, make sure that you're

1176
01:07:39.840 --> 01:07:42.320
<v Speaker 2>getting our downloads because we're putting them out every week people,

1177
01:07:42.480 --> 01:07:45.800
<v Speaker 2>and to find out more about Adam's work and crabs

1178
01:07:45.800 --> 01:07:48.320
<v Speaker 2>in general. We have so many links up at alleywar

1179
01:07:48.440 --> 01:07:51.920
<v Speaker 2>dot com slash Carcinology. We'll also link to my beloved

1180
01:07:51.960 --> 01:07:54.480
<v Speaker 2>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, which is like

1181
01:07:54.519 --> 01:07:57.639
<v Speaker 2>a second home to me. Adam is very much not online,

1182
01:07:57.760 --> 01:08:00.599
<v Speaker 2>but we are at Ologies on Instagram and Twitter and

1183
01:08:00.679 --> 01:08:04.079
<v Speaker 2>also Blue Sky. I'm at ali Ward with just one

1184
01:08:04.280 --> 01:08:08.920
<v Speaker 2>l on both. Aaron Talbert admin's r Ologies podcast Facebook group,

1185
01:08:09.159 --> 01:08:13.760
<v Speaker 2>longtime ologite and professional transcriber, Aveline Malick makes our transcripts.

1186
01:08:13.880 --> 01:08:17.479
<v Speaker 2>Noel Dilworth is our scheduling angel. Susan Hale is managing

1187
01:08:17.520 --> 01:08:20.520
<v Speaker 2>director who runs the whole ship. We have Smologies episodes

1188
01:08:20.560 --> 01:08:22.880
<v Speaker 2>that are kid appropriate and swear free, and they're easy

1189
01:08:22.880 --> 01:08:25.239
<v Speaker 2>to get to at aliward dot com slash smologies, which

1190
01:08:25.279 --> 01:08:27.640
<v Speaker 2>is linked in the show notes. Thank you Mercedes for

1191
01:08:27.800 --> 01:08:30.000
<v Speaker 2>editing those as well as Zeke Rodriguez, Thomas and Jarrett

1192
01:08:30.039 --> 01:08:32.840
<v Speaker 2>Sleeper of mind Jam Media. Kelly ar Dwyer makes our

1193
01:08:32.840 --> 01:08:35.319
<v Speaker 2>website and the King of the Crabs is lead editor

1194
01:08:35.359 --> 01:08:38.439
<v Speaker 2>Mercedes Maitland of Maitland Audio. Nick Thorburn made the theme

1195
01:08:38.479 --> 01:08:39.920
<v Speaker 2>music and if you stick around until the end of

1196
01:08:39.960 --> 01:08:42.840
<v Speaker 2>the episode, I tell you a secret this week you

1197
01:08:42.840 --> 01:08:45.640
<v Speaker 2>get too, Okay. So, first, I was really sick two

1198
01:08:45.680 --> 01:08:49.439
<v Speaker 2>weeks ago with RSV, a respiratory virus, and what I

1199
01:08:49.560 --> 01:08:53.760
<v Speaker 2>thought was neurovirus, but y'all, it lasted so long and

1200
01:08:53.800 --> 01:08:56.640
<v Speaker 2>I had so many fevers. Turned out to be I

1201
01:08:56.720 --> 01:09:00.520
<v Speaker 2>think salmonella from a fruit cup at a local diner,

1202
01:09:00.840 --> 01:09:04.399
<v Speaker 2>which the diner then mysteriously and suddenly closed for some

1203
01:09:04.720 --> 01:09:07.159
<v Speaker 2>spring cleaning. So we were probably not the only ones.

1204
01:09:07.399 --> 01:09:11.840
<v Speaker 2>Because it turns out there's a salmonella epidemic from canilopes

1205
01:09:12.039 --> 01:09:14.920
<v Speaker 2>going on right now, so hands off the melons for

1206
01:09:15.000 --> 01:09:19.079
<v Speaker 2>a bit, everyone, because it is potentially fatal. Also, just

1207
01:09:19.159 --> 01:09:22.560
<v Speaker 2>personally not an experience that I would ever want to relive.

1208
01:09:22.800 --> 01:09:25.760
<v Speaker 2>I would just beg for a medically induce coma until

1209
01:09:25.800 --> 01:09:29.359
<v Speaker 2>it passed, So no canalopes. Second secret is that when

1210
01:09:29.399 --> 01:09:32.800
<v Speaker 2>I was about six, I was so taken with the

1211
01:09:32.880 --> 01:09:35.960
<v Speaker 2>empty shell of this dungeness crab that we had had

1212
01:09:36.000 --> 01:09:38.920
<v Speaker 2>for dinner that I cleaned it and I held onto

1213
01:09:38.960 --> 01:09:42.279
<v Speaker 2>it for at least a week like a stuffed animal,

1214
01:09:42.359 --> 01:09:44.439
<v Speaker 2>and I asked my parents if we could sew legs

1215
01:09:44.479 --> 01:09:47.359
<v Speaker 2>on it, and I'm pretty sure my parents just quietly

1216
01:09:47.880 --> 01:09:50.920
<v Speaker 2>slipped it into the garbage while I slept, and I

1217
01:09:50.960 --> 01:09:53.720
<v Speaker 2>forgot about it pretty quickly until I was working on

1218
01:09:53.760 --> 01:09:57.039
<v Speaker 2>this episode and I remembered, and looking back, honestly, I'm

1219
01:09:57.079 --> 01:09:59.760
<v Speaker 2>team Larry and Nancy Ward on this one. I think

1220
01:10:00.159 --> 01:10:02.680
<v Speaker 2>that's a hard cell to have a six year old

1221
01:10:02.680 --> 01:10:05.760
<v Speaker 2>cuddled up to a stinky crabshell. But anyway, next week

1222
01:10:05.800 --> 01:10:07.720
<v Speaker 2>we're going to learn about what it's like to fear

1223
01:10:07.760 --> 01:10:10.760
<v Speaker 2>smelling like crab as well, So come back, it gets weirder.

1224
01:10:10.920 --> 01:10:14.239
<v Speaker 2>You can also hear what Adam Wall thought of being interviewed. Okay,

1225
01:10:14.760 --> 01:10:16.199
<v Speaker 2>see you next week by bye.

1226
01:10:16.359 --> 01:10:28.880
<v Speaker 6>Pacadermantology, mammeology, r doo, zoology, lithology, yeah, zerology, meteorology, pologypology, ceiology.

1227
01:10:28.760 --> 01:10:37.520
<v Speaker 4>Selinology, your crabs up close?

1228
01:10:38.640 --> 01:10:41.840
<v Speaker 1>Of course, our supermarket has a cheesemonger, our cells the

1229
01:10:41.840 --> 01:10:44.000
<v Speaker 1>milk of nineteen different mammals.

1230
01:10:44.000 --> 01:10:46.560
<v Speaker 4>What does yours of an entire aisle dedicated to venison feel?

1231
01:10:46.560 --> 01:10:47.920
<v Speaker 4>My curtains guess where they're from.

1232
01:10:48.000 --> 01:10:51.439
<v Speaker 2>Our supermarket has a granola launch. Ours has a sorbe Chaine,

1233
01:10:51.640 --> 01:10:52.920
<v Speaker 2>Molly and salt library.

1234
01:10:52.960 --> 01:10:57.079
<v Speaker 4>We're having our honeymoon and ours have another FEELI by Curtains. Oh,

1235
01:10:57.159 --> 01:11:01.279
<v Speaker 4>has your supermarket got notions? If so, switch to Aldi,

1236
01:11:01.600 --> 01:11:03.720
<v Speaker 4>where you'll get all the quality with none of the

1237
01:11:03.760 --> 01:11:07.960
<v Speaker 4>madness at prices. You'll love Aldi. It's not complicated.