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<v Speaker 1>Section four of nineteen eighty four by George Orwell. This

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<v Speaker 1>legamois recording may be distributed and adapted freely for any purpose.

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<v Speaker 1>Part one, Chapter four. With the deep unconscious sigh, which

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<v Speaker 1>not even the nearness of the telescreen could prevent him

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<v Speaker 1>from uttering. When his day's work started, Winston pulled the

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<v Speaker 1>Speakwrite towards him, blew the dust from its mouthpiece, and

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<v Speaker 1>put on his spectacles. Then he unrolled and clipped together

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<v Speaker 1>four small cylinders of paper which had already flopped out

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<v Speaker 1>of the pneumatic tube on the right hand side of

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<v Speaker 1>his desk. In the walls of the cubicle, there were

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<v Speaker 1>three orifices. To the right of the Speakwrite, a small

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<v Speaker 1>pneumatic tube for written messages, to the left, a larger

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<v Speaker 1>one for newspapers, And in the side wall, within easy

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<v Speaker 1>reach of Winston's arm, a large, oblong slit protected by

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<v Speaker 1>a wire grating. This last was for the disposal of

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<v Speaker 1>waste paper. Similar slits existed in thousands or tens of

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<v Speaker 1>thousands throughout the building, not only in every room, but

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<v Speaker 1>at short intervals in every corridor. For some reason, they

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<v Speaker 1>were nicknamed memory holes. When one knew that any document

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<v Speaker 1>was due for destruction, or even when one saw a

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<v Speaker 1>scrap of waste paper lying about, it was an automatic

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<v Speaker 1>action to lift the flap of the nearest memory hole

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<v Speaker 1>and drop it in, whereupon it would be whirled away

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<v Speaker 1>on a current of warm air to the enormous furnaces

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<v Speaker 1>which were hidden somewhere in the recesses of the building.

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<v Speaker 1>Winston examined the four slips of paper which he had unrolled.

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<v Speaker 1>Each contained a message of only one or two lines

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<v Speaker 1>in the abbreviated jargon, not actually news speak, but consisting

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<v Speaker 1>largely of new speak words, which was used in the

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<v Speaker 1>Ministry for internal purposes. There ran Times seventeen three eighty four,

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<v Speaker 1>b B Speech Mal Reported Africa, Rectify Times nineteen twelve

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<v Speaker 1>eighty three, Forecasts three YP fourth quarter eighty three, misprints Verify,

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<v Speaker 1>Current Issue Times fourteen two eighty five, four many plenty

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<v Speaker 1>mal quoted Chocolate, Rectify Times three twelve eighty three reporting

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<v Speaker 1>b B day order double plus ungood refs one persons

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<v Speaker 1>rewrite full wise up sub anti filing. With a faint

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<v Speaker 1>feeling of satisfaction, Winston laid the fourth message aside. It

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<v Speaker 1>was an intricate and responsible job and had better be

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<v Speaker 1>dealt with last. The other three were routine matters, though

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<v Speaker 1>the second one would probably mean some tedious wading through

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<v Speaker 1>lists of figures. Winston dialed back numbers on the telescreen

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<v Speaker 1>and called for the appropriate issues of The Times, which

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<v Speaker 1>slid out of the pneumatic tube after only a few

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<v Speaker 1>minutes delay. The messages he had received referred to articles

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<v Speaker 1>or news items which, for one reason or another, it

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<v Speaker 1>was thought necessary to alter, or, as the official phrase

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<v Speaker 1>had it, to rectify. For example, it appeared from the

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<v Speaker 1>Times of the seventeenth of March that Big Brother, in

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<v Speaker 1>his speech of the previous day, had predicted that the

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<v Speaker 1>South Indian front would remain quiet, but that the Eurasian

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<v Speaker 1>offensive would shortly be launched in North Africa. As it happened,

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<v Speaker 1>the Eurasian Higher Command had launched its offensive in South

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<v Speaker 1>India and left North Africa alone. It was therefore necessary

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<v Speaker 1>to rewrite a paragraph of Big Brother's speech in such

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<v Speaker 1>a way as to make him predict the thing that

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<v Speaker 1>had actually happened. Or again. The Times of the nineteenth

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<v Speaker 1>of December had published the official forecasts of the output

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<v Speaker 1>of various classes of consumption goods in the fourth quarter

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<v Speaker 1>of nineteen eighty three, which was also the sixth quarter

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<v Speaker 1>of the ninth three year plan. Today's issue contained a

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<v Speaker 1>statement of the actual output, from which it appeared that

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<v Speaker 1>the forecasts were in every instance grossly wrong. Winston's job

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<v Speaker 1>was to rectify the original figures by making them agree

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<v Speaker 1>with the later ones. As for the third message, it

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<v Speaker 1>referred to a very simple error which could be set

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<v Speaker 1>right in a couple of minutes. As short a time

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<v Speaker 1>ago as February, the Ministry of Plenty had issued a promise,

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<v Speaker 1>a categorical pledge with the official words that there would

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<v Speaker 1>be no reduction of the chocolate ration during nineteen eighty four. Actually,

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<v Speaker 1>as Winston was aware, the chocolate ration was to be

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<v Speaker 1>reduced from thirty grams to twenty at the end of

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<v Speaker 1>the present week. All that was needed was to substitute

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<v Speaker 1>for the original promise a warning that it would probably

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<v Speaker 1>be necessary to reduce the ration at some time in April.

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<v Speaker 1>As soon as Winston had dealt with each of the messages,

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<v Speaker 1>he clipped his speek written corrections to the appropriate copy

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<v Speaker 1>of the Times and pushed them into the pneumatic tube. Then,

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<v Speaker 1>with a movement which was nearly as possible unconscious, he

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<v Speaker 1>crumpled up the original message and any notes that he

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<v Speaker 1>himself had made, and dropped them into the memory hole,

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<v Speaker 1>to be devoured by the flames. What happened in the

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<v Speaker 1>unseen labyrinth to which the pneumatic tubes led he did

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<v Speaker 1>not know in detail, but he did know in general terms.

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<v Speaker 1>As soon as all the corrections which happened to be

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<v Speaker 1>necessary in any particular number of the Times had been

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<v Speaker 1>assembled and collated, that number would be reprinted, the original

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<v Speaker 1>copy destroyed, and the corrected cop be placed on the

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<v Speaker 1>files in its stead. This process of continuous alteration was

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<v Speaker 1>applied not only to newspapers, but to books, periodicals, pamphlets, posters, leaflets, films,

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<v Speaker 1>sound tracks, cartoons, photographs, to every kind of literature or

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<v Speaker 1>documentation which might conceive a behold any political or ideological significance.

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<v Speaker 1>Day by day, and almost minute by minute, the past

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<v Speaker 1>was brought up to date. In this way, every prediction

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<v Speaker 1>made by the party could be shown by documentary evidence

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<v Speaker 1>to have been correct. Nor was any item of news,

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<v Speaker 1>or any expression of opinion which conflicted with the needs

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<v Speaker 1>of the moment ever allowed to remain on record. All

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<v Speaker 1>history was a palimpsest, scraped clean and reinscribed exactly as

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<v Speaker 1>often as was necessary. In no case would it have

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<v Speaker 1>been possible, once the deed was done, to prove that

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<v Speaker 1>any falsification had taken place. The largest section of the

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<v Speaker 1>Record's department, far larger than the one on which Winston worked,

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<v Speaker 1>consisted simply of persons whose duty it was to track

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<v Speaker 1>down and collect all copies of books, newspapers, and other

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<v Speaker 1>documents which had been superseded and were due for destruction.

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<v Speaker 1>A number of the times, which might, because of changes

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<v Speaker 1>in political alignment or mistaken prophecies uttered by Big Brother,

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<v Speaker 1>have been rewritten A dozen times still stood on the

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<v Speaker 1>files bearing its original date, and no other copy existed

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<v Speaker 1>to contradict it. Books also were recalled and rewritten again

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<v Speaker 1>and again, and were invariably reissued without any admission that

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<v Speaker 1>any alteration had been made. Even the written instructions which

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<v Speaker 1>Winston received and which he invariably got rid of as

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<v Speaker 1>soon as he had dealt with them, never stated or

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<v Speaker 1>implied that an act of forgery was to be committed.

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<v Speaker 1>Always the reference was to slips, errors, misprints, or misquotations,

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<v Speaker 1>which it was necessary to put right in the interests

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<v Speaker 1>of accuracy. But actually he thought as he readjusted the

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<v Speaker 1>Ministry of Plenty's figures. It was not even forgery. It

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<v Speaker 1>was merely the substitution of one piece of nonsense for another.

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<v Speaker 1>Most of the material that you were dealing with had

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<v Speaker 1>no connection with anything in the real world, not even

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<v Speaker 1>the kind of connection that is contained in a direct lie.

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<v Speaker 1>Statistics were just as much a fantasy in their original

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<v Speaker 1>version as in their rectified version. A great deal of

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<v Speaker 1>the time you were expected to make them up out

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<v Speaker 1>of your head. For example, the Ministry of Plenty's forecast

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<v Speaker 1>had estimated the output of boots for the quarter at

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<v Speaker 1>one hundred forty five million pairs. The actual output was

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<v Speaker 1>given as sixty two millions. Winston, however, in rewriting the forecast,

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<v Speaker 1>marked the figure down to fifty seven millions, so as

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<v Speaker 1>to allow for the usual claim that the quota had

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<v Speaker 1>been over fulfilled. In any case, sixty two millions was

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<v Speaker 1>no nearer the truth than fifty seven millions, more than

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<v Speaker 1>one hundred and forty five millions. Very likely no boots

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<v Speaker 1>had been produced at all. Likely, as still, nobody knew

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<v Speaker 1>how many had been produced, much less cared. All one

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<v Speaker 1>knew was that every quarter astronomical numbers of boots were

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<v Speaker 1>produced on paper, while perhaps half off the population of

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<v Speaker 1>Oceania went barefoot. And so it was with every class

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<v Speaker 1>of recorded fact, great or small, Everything faded away into

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<v Speaker 1>a shadow world in which finally even the date of

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<v Speaker 1>the year had become uncertain. Winston glanced across the hall

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<v Speaker 1>in the corresponding cubicle. On the other side, a small,

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<v Speaker 1>precise looking, dark chinned man named Tillotson was working steadily

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<v Speaker 1>away with a folded newspaper on his knee and his

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<v Speaker 1>mouth very close to the mouthpiece of the speak write.

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<v Speaker 1>He had the air of trying to keep what he

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<v Speaker 1>was saying a secret between himself and the telescreen. He

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<v Speaker 1>looked up, and his spectacles started a hostile flash in

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<v Speaker 1>Winston's direction. Winston hardly knew Tillotson, and had no idea

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<v Speaker 1>what work he was employed on. People in the records

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<v Speaker 1>department did not readily talk about their jobs. In the

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<v Speaker 1>long windowless hall, with its double row of cubicles and

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<v Speaker 1>its endless rustle of papers and hum of voices murmuring

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<v Speaker 1>into speak writes, there were quite a dozen people whom

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<v Speaker 1>Winston and did not even know by name, though he

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<v Speaker 1>daily saw them hurrying to and fro in the corridors,

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<v Speaker 1>or gesticulating in the two minutes hate. He knew that

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<v Speaker 1>in the cubicle next to him, the little woman with

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<v Speaker 1>sandy hair toiled day in day out, simply at tracking

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<v Speaker 1>down and deleting from the press the names of people

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<v Speaker 1>who had been vaporized and were therefore considered never to

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<v Speaker 1>have existed. There was a certain fitness in this, since

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<v Speaker 1>her own husband had been vaporized a couple of years earlier,

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<v Speaker 1>and a few cubicles away, a mild ineffectual, dreamy creature

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<v Speaker 1>named Ampleforth, with very hairy ears and a surprising talent

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<v Speaker 1>for juggling with rhymes and meters, was engaged in producing

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<v Speaker 1>garbled versions definitive texts. They were called of poems which

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<v Speaker 1>had become ideologically offensive, but which for one reason or another,

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<v Speaker 1>were to be retained in the anthologies. And this hall,

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<v Speaker 1>with its fifty workers or thereabouts, was only one sub section,

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<v Speaker 1>a single cell, as it were, in the huge complexity

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<v Speaker 1>of the record's department. Beyond above below were other swarms

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<v Speaker 1>of workers engaged in an unimaginable multitude of jobs. There

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<v Speaker 1>were the huge printing shops with their sub editors, their

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<v Speaker 1>typography experts, and their elaborately equipped studios for the faking

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<v Speaker 1>of photographs. There was the teleprogram's section, with its engineers,

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<v Speaker 1>its producers, and its teams of actors specially chosen for

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<v Speaker 1>their skill in imitating voices. There were the armies of

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<v Speaker 1>reference clerks, whose job was simply to draw up lists

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<v Speaker 1>of books and periodicals which were due for recall. There

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<v Speaker 1>were the vast repositories where the corrected documents were stored,

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<v Speaker 1>and the hidden furnaces where the original copies were destroyed,

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<v Speaker 1>And somewhere or other quite anonymous. There were the directing

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<v Speaker 1>brains who co ordinated the whole effort and laid down

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<v Speaker 1>the lines of policy which made it necessary that this

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<v Speaker 1>fragment of the past should be preserved, that one falsified

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<v Speaker 1>and the other rubbed out of existence. And the Records Department,

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<v Speaker 1>after all, was itself only a single branch of the

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<v Speaker 1>Ministry of Truth, whose prime job was not to reconstruct

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<v Speaker 1>the past, but to supply the citizens of Oceania with newspapers, films, textbooks,

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<v Speaker 1>telescreen programs, plays, novels, with every conceivable kind of information, instruction,

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<v Speaker 1>or entertainment. From a statue to a slogan, from a

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<v Speaker 1>lyric poem to a biological treatise, and from a child's

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<v Speaker 1>spelling book to a New Speak dictionary. And the Ministry

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<v Speaker 1>had not only to supply the multifarious needs of the party,

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<v Speaker 1>but also to repeat the whole operation at a lower

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<v Speaker 1>level for the benefit of the proletariat. There was a

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<v Speaker 1>whole chain of separate departments dealing with proletarian literature, music, drama,

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<v Speaker 1>and entertainment. Generally, here were produced rubbish newspapers containing almost

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<v Speaker 1>nothing except sport, crime and astrology, sensational five cent novelettes,

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<v Speaker 1>film z oozing with sex, and sentimental songs which were

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<v Speaker 1>composed entirely by mechanical means on a special kind of

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<v Speaker 1>kaleidoscope known as a versificator. There was even a whole

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<v Speaker 1>subsection pornosecond was called in New Speak, engaged in producing

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<v Speaker 1>the lowest kind of pornography, which was sent out in

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<v Speaker 1>sealed packets, and which no Party member other than those

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<v Speaker 1>who worked on it was permitted to look at. Three

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<v Speaker 1>messages had slid out of the pneumatic tube while Winston

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<v Speaker 1>was working, but they were simple matters, and he had

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<v Speaker 1>disposed of them before the two minutes hate interrupted him.

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<v Speaker 1>When the hate was over, he returned to his cubicle,

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<v Speaker 1>took the New Speak dictionary from the shelf, pushed the

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<v Speaker 1>Speak right to one side, cleaned his spectacles, and settled

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<v Speaker 1>down to his main job of the morning. Winston's greatest

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<v Speaker 1>pleasure in life was in his work. Most of it

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<v Speaker 1>was a tedious routine, but included in it there were

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<v Speaker 1>also jobs so difficult and intricate that you could lose

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<v Speaker 1>yourself in them, as in the depths of a mathematical problem,

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<v Speaker 1>delicate pieces of forgery in which you had nothing to

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<v Speaker 1>guide you except your knowledge of the principles of INGSOK

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<v Speaker 1>and your estimate of what the party wanted you to say.

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<v Speaker 1>Winston was good at this kind of thing. On occasion

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<v Speaker 1>he had even been entrusted with the rectification of the Times,

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<v Speaker 1>leading our articles, which were written entirely in New Speak.

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<v Speaker 1>He unrolled the message that he had set aside earlier.

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<v Speaker 1>It ran Times three twelve eighty three, reporting b B

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<v Speaker 1>day order double plus angood ref's n persons rewrite full

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<v Speaker 1>wise up sub anti filing. In Old Speak or Standard English,

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<v Speaker 1>this might be rendered the reporting of Big Brother's Order

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<v Speaker 1>for the day. In the Times of December the third

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<v Speaker 1>nineteen eighty three is extremely unsatisfactory and makes references to

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<v Speaker 1>non existent persons. Rewrite it in full and submit your

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<v Speaker 1>draft to higher authority before filing. Winston read through the

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<v Speaker 1>offending article. Big Brother's Order for the day, it seemed

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<v Speaker 1>had been chiefly devoted to praising the work of an

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<v Speaker 1>organization known as f f c C, which supplied cigarettes

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<v Speaker 1>and other comforts to the sailors in the Floating Fortresses.

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<v Speaker 1>A certain Comrade Withers, a prominent member of the Inner Party,

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<v Speaker 1>had been singled out for special mention and awarded a

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<v Speaker 1>decoration the Order of Conspicuous Merit, Second Class. Three months later,

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<v Speaker 1>f f c C had suddenly been dissolved, with no

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<v Speaker 1>reasons given. One could assume that Withers and his associates

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<v Speaker 1>were now in disgrace, but there had been no report

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<v Speaker 1>of the matter in the press or on the telescreen.

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<v Speaker 1>That was to be expected, since it was unusual for

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<v Speaker 1>political offenders to be put on trial or even publicly denounced.

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<v Speaker 1>The Great Purgers involving thousands of people with public trials

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<v Speaker 1>of traitors and thought criminals who made abject confession of

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<v Speaker 1>their crimes and were afterwards executed were special show pieces,

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<v Speaker 1>not occurring oftener than once in a couple of years.

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<v Speaker 1>More commonly, people who had incurred the displeasure of the

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<v Speaker 1>party simply disappeared and were never heard of again. One

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<v Speaker 1>never had the smallest clue as to what had happened

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<v Speaker 1>to them. In some cases, they might not even be dead.

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<v Speaker 1>Perhaps thirty people personally known to Winston, not counting his parents,

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<v Speaker 1>had disappeared at one time or another. Winston stroked his

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<v Speaker 1>nose gently with a paper clip in the cubicle cross

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<v Speaker 1>the way. Comrade Tillotson was still crouching secretively over his

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<v Speaker 1>speak right, he raised his head for a moment again

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<v Speaker 1>the hostile spectacle flash. Winston wondered whether Comrade Tillotson was

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<v Speaker 1>engaged on the same job as himself. It was perfectly possible.

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<v Speaker 1>So tricky a piece of work would never be entrusted

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<v Speaker 1>to a single person. On the other hand, to turn

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<v Speaker 1>it over to a committee would be to admit openly

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<v Speaker 1>that an act of fabrication was taking place. Very likely,

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<v Speaker 1>as many as a dozen people were now working away

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<v Speaker 1>on rival versions of what Big Brother had actually said,

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<v Speaker 1>and presently some master brain in the inner party would

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<v Speaker 1>select this version or that would re edit it and

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<v Speaker 1>set in motion the complex processes of cross referencing that

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<v Speaker 1>would be required, and then the chosen lie would pass

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<v Speaker 1>into the permanent records and become truth. Winston did not

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<v Speaker 1>know why Withers had been disgraced. Perhaps it was for

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<v Speaker 1>corruption or incompetence. Perhaps Big Brother was merely getting rid

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<v Speaker 1>of a too popular subordinate. Perhaps Withers or someone close

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<v Speaker 1>to him had been suspected of heretical tendencies. Or perhaps,

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<v Speaker 1>what was likeliest of all, the thing had simply happened

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<v Speaker 1>because purges and vaporizations were a necessary part of the

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<v Speaker 1>mechanics of government. The only real clue lay in the

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<v Speaker 1>words ref's on persons, which indicated that Withers was already dead.

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<v Speaker 1>You could not invariably assume this to be the case

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<v Speaker 1>when people were arrested. Sometimes they were released and allowed

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<v Speaker 1>to remain at liberty for as much as a year

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<v Speaker 1>or two years before being executed. Very occasionally, some person

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<v Speaker 1>whom you had believed dead long since would make a

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<v Speaker 1>ghostly reappearance at some public trial, where he would implicate

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<v Speaker 1>hundreds of others by his testimony before vanishing. This time forever. Withers, however,

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<v Speaker 1>was already an unperson. He did not exist, he had

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<v Speaker 1>never existed. Winston decided that it would not be enough

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<v Speaker 1>simply to reverse the tendency of Big Brother's speech. It

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<v Speaker 1>was better to make it deal with something totally unconnected

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<v Speaker 1>with its original subject. He might turn the speech into

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<v Speaker 1>the usual denunciation of traitors and thought criminals, but that

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<v Speaker 1>was a little too obvious, while to invent a victory

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<v Speaker 1>at the front or some triumph of overproduction in the

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<v Speaker 1>ninth three year Plan might complicate the records too much.

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<v Speaker 1>What was needed was a piece of pure fantasy. Suddenly

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<v Speaker 1>there sprang into his mind, ready made as it were,

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<v Speaker 1>the image of a certain Comrade Ogilvy, who had recently

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<v Speaker 1>died in battle in heroic circumstances. There were occasions when

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<v Speaker 1>Big Brother devoted his order for the day to commemorating

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<v Speaker 1>some humble rank and file party member whose life and

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<v Speaker 1>death he held up as an example worthy to be followed.

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<v Speaker 1>To day he should commemorate Comrade Ogilvy. It was true

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<v Speaker 1>that there was no such person as Comrade Ogilvy, but

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<v Speaker 1>a few lines of print and a couple of faked

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<v Speaker 1>photographs would soon bring him into existence. Winston thought for

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<v Speaker 1>a moment, then pulled the speak right towards him and

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<v Speaker 1>began dictating in big brother's familiar style, a style at

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<v Speaker 1>once military and pedantic, and because of a trick of

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<v Speaker 1>asking questions and then promptly answer answering them, what lessons

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<v Speaker 1>do we learn from this fact? Comrades the lesson which

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<v Speaker 1>is also one of the fundamental principles of ingsock, that

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<v Speaker 1>et cetera, et cetera easy to imitate. At the age

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<v Speaker 1>of three, Comrade Ogilvy had refused all toys except a drum,

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<v Speaker 1>a submachine gun, and a model helicopter. At six, a

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<v Speaker 1>year early by a special relaxation of the rules, he

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<v Speaker 1>had joined the Spies. At nine, he had been a

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<v Speaker 1>troop leader. At eleven, he had denounced his uncle to

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<v Speaker 1>the thought Police after overhearing a conversation which appeared to

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<v Speaker 1>him to have criminal tendencies. At seventeen he had been

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<v Speaker 1>a district organizer of the Junior Antisex League. At nineteen

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<v Speaker 1>he had designed a hand grenade which had been adopted

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<v Speaker 1>by the Ministry of Peace, and which at its first

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<v Speaker 1>trial had killed thirty one Eurasian prisoners in one burst.

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<v Speaker 1>At twenty three, he had perished in action pursued by

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<v Speaker 1>enemy jet planes while flying over the Indian Ocean with

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<v Speaker 1>important despatches. He had weighted his body with his machine

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<v Speaker 1>gun and leapt out of the helicopter into deep water despatches.

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<v Speaker 1>And all an end, said a big brother, which it

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<v Speaker 1>was impossible to contemplate without feelings of envy. Big brother

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<v Speaker 1>added a few remarks on the purity and singlemindedness of

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<v Speaker 1>Comrade Ogilvy's life. He was a total abstainer and a

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<v Speaker 1>non smoker, had no recreations except a daily hour in

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<v Speaker 1>the gymnasium, and had taken a vow of celibacy, believing

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<v Speaker 1>marriage and the care of a family to be incompatible

339
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<v Speaker 1>with the twenty four hour a day devotion to duty.

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<v Speaker 1>He had no subjects of conversation except the principles of ingsock,

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<v Speaker 1>and no aim in life except the defeat of the

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<v Speaker 1>Eurasian enemy and the hunting down of spies, saboteurs, thought criminals,

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<v Speaker 1>and traitors generally. Winston debated with himself whether to award

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<v Speaker 1>Comrade Ogilvy the Order of Conspicuous Merit. In the end

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<v Speaker 1>he decided against it because of the unnecessary cross referencing

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<v Speaker 1>that it would entail once again. He glanced at his

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<v Speaker 1>rival in the opposite cubicle. Something seemed to tell him

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<v Speaker 1>with certainty that till And was busy on the same

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<v Speaker 1>job as himself. There was no way of knowing whose

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00:20:04.279 --> 00:20:07.000
<v Speaker 1>job would finally be adopted, but he felt a profound

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<v Speaker 1>conviction that it would be his own. Comrade Ogilvy, unimagined

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<v Speaker 1>an hour ago, was now a fact. It struck him

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<v Speaker 1>as curious that you could create dead men but not

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<v Speaker 1>living ones. Comrade Ogilvie, who had never existed in the present,

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<v Speaker 1>now existed in the past, and when once the act

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<v Speaker 1>of forgery was forgotten, he would exist just as authentically

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<v Speaker 1>and upon the same evidence as charlamagnu or Julius Caesar.

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<v Speaker 1>End of Section four