Speaker 1: Hello, I'm serge Rushow and I'm the doctor, and i
Speaker 1: am professor the Brown University. I'm a son of the
Speaker 1: former Soviet leader, and i have the privilege to be
Speaker 1: on the Doctor Sky Radio Show. I think it's very
Speaker 1: interesting and very informative. I hope that we will be
Speaker 1: here not one time in the future. Was a pretty
Speaker 1: Glassnia Navassia Radio Prista Vlania at the Wachternach informats on Elna.
Speaker 1: You teach you always tacatory press holders meet. Yes, the
Speaker 1: Wes Tempocher to Wash Show, Buddhishim.
Speaker 2: Welcome back to the exciting show that we call the
Speaker 2: Doctor Sky Show with great guests from the realms of astronomy, space,
Speaker 2: aviation and whether with celebrity guests in the next and today,
Speaker 2: ladies and gentlemen, a very special treat for our entire
Speaker 2: audience as we welcome the son of former Soviet Premier
Speaker 2: Nikita Krushchev, doctor Sergei Khrushchev, and we'll be talking with
Speaker 2: him in just a few minutes, not only about space
Speaker 2: Sputnik and about the American and Russian relations during this
Speaker 2: particular current administration. Doctor Sergei Khrushchev is the son of
Speaker 2: former Soviet Premier Nikita Krushchev. He now resides in the
Speaker 2: United States, where he is a Senior Fellow at the
Speaker 2: Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University in Providence,
Speaker 2: Rhode Island. Doctor Krushev holds several advanced engineering degrees from
Speaker 2: the Ukrainian Academy of Science. He earned his Soviet doctoral degree,
Speaker 2: and he earned a PhD from the Moscow Technical University.
Speaker 2: In addition, he earned a master's degree with distinction from
Speaker 2: the Moscow Electric Power Institute. He also holds an occasional
Speaker 2: professorship at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island,
Speaker 2: meaning he is not a full time professor, but does
Speaker 2: teach there fairly often. Doctor Krushchev is joining us today
Speaker 2: and talking about his experience as an engineer and also
Speaker 2: in his capacity worked on cruise missiles for submarine craft,
Speaker 2: military and research spacecraft, moon vehicles and the very successful
Speaker 2: Russian Proton space booster. With that, it's a prevalent and honor.
Speaker 2: It's a welcome, doctor Sergey Krushchev to the Doctor Sky Show.
Speaker 2: Good afternoon, Doctor.
Speaker 1: Good afternoon, Thank you for invitation, Yes, for me to
Speaker 1: speak with you.
Speaker 2: It's an honor to have you here on the Doctor
Speaker 2: Sky show. We speak a doctor about the realms of astronomy,
Speaker 2: space and aviation and all things like that. But I
Speaker 2: wanted to ask you, in such a position as being
Speaker 2: one of the children of former Soviet Premier Nikita Krushchev,
Speaker 2: tell us what it was like to be living in
Speaker 2: this very famous family and some of your recollections during
Speaker 2: the early days of the space program with Yuriga Gan.
Speaker 1: When we talk without recollection, how you can live in
Speaker 1: the prominent family. You can look at the White House,
Speaker 1: at the booking and Palace or any others. Is the
Speaker 1: same in Moscow Kremlin, even when never live in Kremlin,
Speaker 1: because you have all this limitation and you have all
Speaker 1: the time, remember that everybody looking on you, and it
Speaker 1: is reflected on your father and your family. So my
Speaker 1: parents told, don't forget that you're a cruise chef and
Speaker 1: you mustn't do this and that and this, and be
Speaker 1: very careful and from other side, don't remember that you're
Speaker 1: a cruise Siow. But you're not that cruise show. And
Speaker 1: you have to have your own life, yes, and do
Speaker 1: your life for yourself and be just self made man.
Speaker 1: What I did when I went to work in the
Speaker 1: engineering and I remember very well the Uriga Guiden when
Speaker 1: he flew there, and we waited when he was be launched,
Speaker 1: but nobody knows will he return, how he will return.
Speaker 1: Is it safe to be in space? And you have
Speaker 1: just your brain will be affected. So we waited and waited,
Speaker 1: and at last it was the signal. But he is
Speaker 1: on the ground and he landed safely, and he called
Speaker 1: my father and he reported that he there, and my
Speaker 1: father told, we will make you a great reception where
Speaker 1: you will come. And after two days, on the April fifteen,
Speaker 1: it was sunny and warmyd day he arrived in Moscow
Speaker 1: on the special plane with the xquort of the fighter jets.
Speaker 1: And then it was on the lima, just travel on
Speaker 1: the cartage from the airport to the Red Square, and
Speaker 1: all Moscowites were outside on these treets of the balconies,
Speaker 1: on the windows, on the roofs of the building. I
Speaker 1: can compare this celebration with the victory day on the
Speaker 1: May nine in nineteen forty five.
Speaker 2: Wow, that's amazing. Doctor. And you yourself your personal remembrances
Speaker 2: of Eurka Garen, you met him on numerous occasions. I understand.
Speaker 1: Yeah, I met him many time, and we met just
Speaker 1: in the different official events, and he visited our design
Speaker 1: barrel and we have some party together sitting there drinking
Speaker 1: good food, drinking vodka, eating good food. He was very
Speaker 1: nice person and it was not for because he was
Speaker 1: selected because he was such a person, but it's happened
Speaker 1: that he was very good feet would be the first
Speaker 1: man in space. In this the biggest celebrity in the world.
Speaker 1: From one side, he was the person which did not
Speaker 1: require special attention, is he But he accepted special attention
Speaker 1: very naturally, even he came not from the premient for family.
Speaker 1: He was just wasn't the Russian family from the Russian
Speaker 1: small village in the smileask region?
Speaker 2: Well, doctor, it's a sad moment in time. We know
Speaker 2: that he sadly was killed in an aircraft accident not
Speaker 2: too long after that in Moscow. Is that correct?
Speaker 1: No, it was not too long. He flew his flight
Speaker 1: in the nineteen sixty one and he died on the
Speaker 1: training exercise in nineteen sixty seven when he wanted and
Speaker 1: he begged the government to allow him to fly to
Speaker 1: space second time, and the government told no, your two
Speaker 1: pressures will not permit you. Well, they permitted him, and
Speaker 1: he planned to fly to the moon and he's beginning
Speaker 1: his training exercise and something happened that we saying that
Speaker 1: his plane started to sparling and then diving and he
Speaker 1: did not go out from the diving and he hit
Speaker 1: the ground. Answer. So it happened time by time.
Speaker 2: It's a very sad moment in history, you know. As
Speaker 2: you know, doctor, we still celebrate here in the United States,
Speaker 2: and I'm involved in it, in celebrating yours night. His
Speaker 2: first mission, of course, the first man in space, as
Speaker 2: you all know. And what was he a hero of
Speaker 2: the Soviet Union? Is that correct?
Speaker 1: He was hero of the Soviet Union and he was
Speaker 1: here and have the highest decoration from the most of
Speaker 1: the countries of the world. I think he had more
Speaker 1: medal than Bresnev.
Speaker 2: Wow, that's incredible.
Speaker 1: Doctor.
Speaker 2: I want to remind our listeners we were listening to
Speaker 2: the Doctor Sky Show, great guests from the realms of astronomy,
Speaker 2: space aviation, and whether our producers always we thank him
Speaker 2: as Richard Dugan of radio station KZSB AM twelve ninety
Speaker 2: in Santa Barbara, California. If you're just joining us, ladies
Speaker 2: and gentlemen. It's a privilege and in high honor. They
Speaker 2: have doctor Sergei Khrushchev, the son of Nikita Khrushchev, the
Speaker 2: first Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party
Speaker 2: of the Soviet Union, your father. Let's talk about him
Speaker 2: for just a moment. If I'm correct, sir, he took
Speaker 2: over after Joseph Stalin. Is that correct?
Speaker 1: Yes, he succeeded Joseph Stalin, not immediately because immediately the
Speaker 1: Stalin did not name this excessa. And so they have
Speaker 1: the two sentod power lan around my father and other
Speaker 1: around the Minister though Police Law in Kiberia, who was
Speaker 1: very sinister person, and the first Aria was in the
Speaker 1: highest position. But for the months from the March till
Speaker 1: the June, the other people of the leadership concentrated around
Speaker 1: my father and they decided to arrest the area. What
Speaker 1: they did, I think on June twenty fourth, and after
Speaker 1: that my father became the most important person in the
Speaker 1: Soviet leadership.
Speaker 2: I will say that in such a way, very interesting story.
Speaker 2: And if I'm correct, doctor your father was very passionate
Speaker 2: about agriculture and helping to feed the people of then
Speaker 2: Soviet Union.
Speaker 1: Correct, my father was not so say he was patient
Speaker 1: about agriculture, but the silent in his he destroyed the
Speaker 1: Soviet agriculture, and it was not enough food. And even
Speaker 1: in a Moscow, if you want to buy bread, you
Speaker 1: have to stay in lines on the six o'clock in
Speaker 1: the morning because then it will be no bread in
Speaker 1: the bakery. The same as was no living space. The
Speaker 1: people live not in the apartment, not in the houses,
Speaker 1: but in the rooms. In the one room of the
Speaker 1: fifteen hundred skuave, he can be six, seven, even up
Speaker 1: to ten people living there together. So he my father
Speaker 1: saw his prime obligation to feed people and to give
Speaker 1: them space to leave. So his priority was agriculture and
Speaker 1: the building, the new apartment building that for which he
Speaker 1: needed to create, to find the new technology, and it
Speaker 1: was not the building the building from the bricks, but
Speaker 1: building them from the panels. It was very unusual at
Speaker 1: that time. So you concentrate it on these two things
Speaker 1: and spend a time with all of these things.
Speaker 2: Doctor Krushchev, if you'd just give us, as we move
Speaker 2: forward with our interview, just maybe some of the best
Speaker 2: recollections of your father, something that maybe people don't know
Speaker 2: about your father, Nikita, something that you'd share with our audience.
Speaker 1: What might one of those be, which is difficult to say,
Speaker 1: because I wrote three big books about my father. They
Speaker 1: translated in English, so you can read the listener can
Speaker 1: read this. It is the last book. It is Rushcheff
Speaker 1: in Power and Finished Reform, published two thousand and fourteen,
Speaker 1: and khrush Nihita Khrushcheff in Creation of Superpower published in
Speaker 1: two thousand and also Khrushchev on HRUs Show published in
Speaker 1: ninety nine. But the main recollection. When we're looking, we're
Speaker 1: looking at the cruise show like some person, but all
Speaker 1: the time threatening the west and trying to stay that
Speaker 1: I'm bury you another thing that really he never told
Speaker 1: this in such a way. But he was the very
Speaker 1: good father. He like us. We live very close life.
Speaker 1: I have the brother and three sisters. We live together.
Speaker 1: And he like nature. He was the hunter, and he
Speaker 1: liked pets. He had the two dogs and the cat,
Speaker 1: and the kennaries and squirrels. Squirrels were the pet and
Speaker 1: the Soviet Union and also the people finding some small
Speaker 1: cups in the forests and they brought to him. So
Speaker 1: we have the deer like a pet. And the fox.
Speaker 1: And the fox live in our house near the house
Speaker 1: and his boody. But he had not very easy relations
Speaker 1: with my grandmother because my grandmother grew up in the
Speaker 1: Polish part of the Ukraine and she reunited with the
Speaker 1: family only in nineteen thirty nine, and she has her
Speaker 1: own how to say, her own animals. No, it was
Speaker 1: the ducks and the geese and the rabbits. But the
Speaker 1: fox thought saw that it was his animals too, so
Speaker 1: he had didn't kill them, and she chased them. So
Speaker 1: the fox disappeared during the day and nobody saw him.
Speaker 1: But when my father returned from the office and went
Speaker 1: to the walk and I walked with him, the fox
Speaker 1: appeared from some from nowhere and joined us and walked.
Speaker 1: We walk together the us and then fog disappeared for
Speaker 1: the next three days. We have the goat there that
Speaker 1: was also leave around and they were the bodyguards who
Speaker 1: were surrounded the official residence and they had nothing to do,
Speaker 1: so they taught the goat to smoke. They and the
Speaker 1: god became the smoke, coming to the people and just
Speaker 1: showing them it's one to smoke, Give me the cigarettes. Yes,
Speaker 1: So I can say that he was very good person
Speaker 1: and the person who was mostly concerned about improving life
Speaker 1: of the Soviet people, and he never thought about possibility
Speaker 1: of the boy against the United States.
Speaker 2: Well, that's good to hear, doctor, because now my next
Speaker 2: question and then after this, I'd like to concentrate on
Speaker 2: Soviet and Russian space accomplishments. Your accomplishments in the areas
Speaker 2: of space. But it now brings us to the very
Speaker 2: interesting period in history that you write so well about
Speaker 2: the Cuban missile crisis. As you know, sir, from October
Speaker 2: the sixteenth to the twenty eighth of nineteen sixty two,
Speaker 2: I was a young boy living in New York City,
Speaker 2: and from my perspective and all the people in my
Speaker 2: age group, just young students, we.
Speaker 1: Were very warried.
Speaker 2: I'll be very honest with you that not only would
Speaker 2: America do something, but the Soviet Union might when it
Speaker 2: comes to this situation with missiles not only in Cuba,
Speaker 2: Russian or Soviet missiles, but also American missiles in Turkey.
Speaker 2: So describe to us this crisis, because did we or
Speaker 2: did we not really come the closest to potential nuclear
Speaker 2: war at any time during the Cold War? Was this
Speaker 2: the time that it could have happened.
Speaker 1: They American missiles not only in Turkey, Buttolsa, in Italy
Speaker 1: and in the Great Britain. But the biggest problem of
Speaker 1: the time and the biggest threat to the vult that
Speaker 1: it was American psychological crisis. The same the psychological crisis
Speaker 1: when the Soviet Union launched put Nique or nine to eleven.
Speaker 1: And it is very difficult to manage pecciological crisis because
Speaker 1: it was no the people don't accept it any reasons.
Speaker 1: You cannot stop the mob that is running toward you.
Speaker 1: So Americans were very scared that when this message would
Speaker 1: the ady Soviet Union launched them against the United States,
Speaker 1: not asking why they will launch them from the human
Speaker 1: territory but not from the Soviet mainland. But this is
Speaker 1: the biggest problem of this crisis, because you have to
Speaker 1: understand that we leave through the many other crises, but
Speaker 1: they happened five away from the United States. Americans had
Speaker 1: never enemies at the gates, different from they were lucky
Speaker 1: in comparison with Europeans or Asian which have enemies to
Speaker 1: the gates all the time. So they thought that if
Speaker 1: the other crisis like Berlin crisis or Middle East crisis
Speaker 1: will spark the war. They will kill each other, but
Speaker 1: we will watch them on the TV. And now they
Speaker 1: found that we are vulnerable the same there. We can
Speaker 1: be killed, we can be dead. And this created all
Speaker 1: these problems around the gold because when you are so scared,
Speaker 1: you can just start the war without real intentions. And
Speaker 1: it was very difficult to the President Kennedy to manage
Speaker 1: this crisis because you have to manage that people who
Speaker 1: are don't listen any reasons. And they we were lucky
Speaker 1: he was that he was a strong leader and that
Speaker 1: he did was not the person who first shoot then
Speaker 1: think that he decided to negotiate. Negotiating it was very
Speaker 1: important thaint because when you're negotiating, you understanding what is
Speaker 1: the intention of the opposite side and what is your
Speaker 1: own vision of the inter you present this to the
Speaker 1: opposite side. And through this, at last they came to
Speaker 1: the agreement that it will be good to the both sides,
Speaker 1: the Soviet Union and Americans if they will, the Soviet
Speaker 1: Union will take missiles out of Cuba. The United States
Speaker 1: will never in wait the Cuban island. And it was
Speaker 1: very good negotiation. They were very successful. Similar to the
Speaker 1: negotiation around the Iranian nuclear problem, because you cannot have
Speaker 1: everything when your begainning. If you're buying the house, you're
Speaker 1: not pay that price that you wanted to pay, but
Speaker 1: you are not charged as much they who are selling
Speaker 1: you want to charge you. So you have to have
Speaker 1: what satisfied both sides. And of course it was also
Speaker 1: misunderstanding of the in the Cuban missile crisis, because Soviet
Speaker 1: Unions sent the missiles to Cuban, not because they want
Speaker 1: to change ballace of power, or attack the United States
Speaker 1: or infiltrate the American sphere of the interests. Because when
Speaker 1: after the base pics the Fidel cast declare that he's
Speaker 1: now is so it's all and he joined wars respect
Speaker 1: the Soviet Union had the same obligation to defend all
Speaker 1: his allies, the same as Americans and the Cuba became
Speaker 1: for the Soviet Union, the same at the West Berlin
Speaker 1: for the United States. A small useless piece of land,
Speaker 1: deep insiled, hostile territory. But if you will not defend,
Speaker 1: if you'll not defend the m you will lose your
Speaker 1: face and the superpower. And this was the biggest problem
Speaker 1: there exact because the Soviet Union didn't know how to
Speaker 1: defend the Cuba. My father told they cannot defend them
Speaker 1: diplomatically because Americans will not listen to me in the
Speaker 1: United Nations. I cannot use conventional forces because America control communication,
Speaker 1: and we need Chock to show Americans that we're serious.
Speaker 1: And he decided to send their missiles, and it's looked.
Speaker 1: You see, yes, I do. We still existed.
Speaker 2: Well, doctor, this is very fascinating. But as a young boy,
Speaker 2: you live those days in the Kremlin, of course, or
Speaker 2: near there.
Speaker 1: No, I never live in Kremlin, Okay, it is one
Speaker 1: of miss understanding. I leave in the outskirts of Moscow
Speaker 1: where they have the government and governmental residents. Well, thank goodness,
Speaker 1: in the Kremlin they leave the revolutionary leaders like Cleanian's
Speaker 1: Stalin and some others after the revolution. But my father
Speaker 1: was of second generation and there was never leave there understood.
Speaker 2: Well, thank goodness, doctor Krushchev, that the world came to
Speaker 2: its census. And I think the simple thing we could
Speaker 2: both agree on in this interview in many others, is
Speaker 2: that we need to have with every country in the
Speaker 2: world better understanding of their cultures, their missions, and better
Speaker 2: to be negotiators than to be warriors obviously correct.
Speaker 1: Yeah, that is that is true. That is true, because
Speaker 1: it is very important to understand the nature of our
Speaker 1: of our two countries, the nature of the people, and
Speaker 1: so it was very important this the program of the
Speaker 1: presidenties and how people to people diplomacy. When his love
Speaker 1: and ornate people will meet other people from the other countries,
Speaker 1: they will better understand each other, and after that they
Speaker 1: will better deal with each other. The beginning of the
Speaker 1: beginning of this mutual introduction.
Speaker 2: Absolutely our special guest today doctor Sergei Khrushchev. He's the
Speaker 2: son of former Soviet Premier Nikita Krushchev. Doctor Khrushchev now
Speaker 2: resides in the United States, where he's a senior fellow
Speaker 2: at the Watson Institute for Internationals, that is at Brown
Speaker 2: University in Providence, Rhode Island. Doctor Krushchev is kind enough
Speaker 2: to take some time out of his busy schedule today
Speaker 2: recollecting about his experiences with his father, world history, and
Speaker 2: then of course discussing now the importance of the Soviet
Speaker 2: Union in space and Russia. Doctor you have a vast
Speaker 2: background in engineering and aerospace, and I want to congratulate
Speaker 2: you for all the great successes on the designs that
Speaker 2: you and the Soviet unions then, and of course the
Speaker 2: Russian space scientists have created amazing story here folks. But
Speaker 2: tell us doctor, what's the passion? What was the passion
Speaker 2: for the Soviet Union for space? This, of course is
Speaker 2: amazing to our listeners talk about that.
Speaker 1: When we're talking about patient. It was not really patient.
Speaker 1: I will see. It was a necessity because at that
Speaker 1: time in American Congress they endlested discuss when we will
Speaker 1: attack Soviet Union, how many countries cities we will destroy?
Speaker 1: It depends how many wark had at that time United
Speaker 1: States had, and the Soviet Union have to defend itself
Speaker 1: and that means they have to have ability to retaliate.
Speaker 1: And my father thought what we can do and at
Speaker 1: last they decided to try to build the ballistics into
Speaker 1: Cantain missile and they have different designers, but Karolov started
Speaker 1: to design dis missile and the person who was in
Speaker 1: charge of this design and the engineer, he was more
Speaker 1: interested in the launching the fertilite in sp space. So
Speaker 1: they designed missiles at the same time they designed they
Speaker 1: satellite and when my father visited Karlov designed Garoy in
Speaker 1: nineteen fifty six, and they showed them the missile and
Speaker 1: then they brought him to the special corner and so
Speaker 1: we can launch the satellite. And my father told, yes,
Speaker 1: it's very interesting. He was very good in any innovation.
Speaker 1: He thld will not it hurt the real goal to
Speaker 1: build the missile little no, no, we will do it.
Speaker 1: And they launched it on the October fourth, nineteen fifty seven.
Speaker 1: It was the Karlov behind all the things, because he
Speaker 1: was mostly interested to do this, and he thought that
Speaker 1: because it was planning the camin the meeting of the
Speaker 1: Geophysical Committee was Geo Physical Year at that time, and
Speaker 1: the Americans will report there about their satellite. He thought
Speaker 1: that they will report about launching their satellite. So he
Speaker 1: told all his people, we have to do it before them.
Speaker 1: They immeting on the fifth. We have to launch it
Speaker 1: on the fourth, and he launched and he reported to
Speaker 1: my father, who was it Kiva that day, and told
Speaker 1: we did it. We're very successful. But we didn't understand
Speaker 1: what there is an answer it will be in the world.
Speaker 1: We thought it was a great achievement, but similar to
Speaker 1: the many other achievements of our country, including the designing
Speaker 1: the first nuclear power station, the first passenger jet lane
Speaker 1: and some others. So it was two hundred pages on
Speaker 1: the right first page of the Soviet newspapers. That's saying
Speaker 1: that the planning of the International Geophysical ear with this
Speaker 1: is great a human but in the world, especially the
Speaker 1: United States, it's worth the shock. And it was the
Speaker 1: headlines every way. It was stating the fee in the
Speaker 1: United States if Americans, if Soviets launch this, put nique
Speaker 1: so they can launch the missile and they can attack us.
Speaker 1: And it was very difficult to pray that either. Help
Speaker 1: it tell my dear Americans, we still match ahead of
Speaker 1: the Soviet Union, we have our superiority. They will attack us.
Speaker 1: Nobody want to listen to here. So when did we
Speaker 1: look and we see what did this have such psychological
Speaker 1: and political effect on all these people in the vote?
Speaker 1: It was next day when it was in the first
Speaker 1: had big headlines in the first pages of the Soviet
Speaker 1: newspapers saying, yes, it is our greatest achievement. And after
Speaker 1: that the space became very popular, of course in the
Speaker 1: Soviet like every way in the world. Yes, and we
Speaker 1: focused on all these things.
Speaker 2: Well, you had many Soviet first like Valentina Teleskova, being.
Speaker 1: It was the first Furiga guid In and Valentin ty
Speaker 1: Skova and its way, and the first working on the
Speaker 1: open space with the Leona and many others.
Speaker 2: The Soyuz mission with Apollo right the link together in space.
Speaker 2: But these are great Soviet achievements, great Russian rocket, you know,
Speaker 2: great successes in the Russian space program. And it's an
Speaker 2: honor to have you here because our audience primarily always
Speaker 2: likes to hear guests that talk about the history of space,
Speaker 2: aerospace and things of that type. And I want to
Speaker 2: move on if I may, but one other quick comment.
Speaker 2: The Sputnik was the satellite with about one hundred and
Speaker 2: eighty four pound little tiny sphere. But wasn't it not
Speaker 2: the rocket? It was the R seven. How do you say,
Speaker 2: Sam Yorka was out there the rocket?
Speaker 1: This sem Yorka. It means seven ART seven. It was
Speaker 1: the rocket art It's rocket and the seven it was
Speaker 1: just the numbo the of the design. This is interesting,
Speaker 1: and it wasn't continental missile and they have the capability
Speaker 1: to launch much bigger payload the American Venger missiles and
Speaker 1: any others. Because it was a mistake in the calculation.
Speaker 1: The Soviet Union built the missile that can carry three
Speaker 1: megat warhead, and the Americans build the missiles Atlas and
Speaker 1: Titan which can decay three megaton warkhead. Yes, but the
Speaker 1: Sahara Andre Saharov later well known in the United States,
Speaker 1: who was in charge of the building this weapon, he
Speaker 1: miscalculated three times. He told that it will be much
Speaker 1: a much bigger weight about six metric tons. So the
Speaker 1: adlassent Titan missiles was had about ninety ten on the ground,
Speaker 1: and the Simurca the R seven have two hundred seventy tan.
Speaker 1: That makes it really not not the missile, it never
Speaker 1: was used as a missile, but the big launcher, and
Speaker 1: they was able to launch much bigger payload than any
Speaker 1: American missile.
Speaker 2: Fascinating story. Doctor, It's always a pleasure to have you
Speaker 2: here talking about these particular subjects. One that I needed
Speaker 2: to get clarification on Corlev's rocket. The N one was
Speaker 2: allegedly larger than the Souturn five. Is that correct?
Speaker 1: No, it was more or less the same the same,
Speaker 1: but it's deliver much less payload to the nicer to
Speaker 1: the orbit of the Earth, because the Americans can deliver
Speaker 1: one hundred twenty nine ton on the orbit and the
Speaker 1: Karlov N one could deliver only ninety five metric ton
Speaker 1: because Kralov has some mistake on his calculation and he
Speaker 1: broke his relations with the best engine designer, mister golf course,
Speaker 1: so you cannot build such efficient rocket engines like it
Speaker 1: was in the sub tone. So it was much smaller
Speaker 1: payloa that really not would not permit Kara Loof to
Speaker 1: fly to the moon, even if you will be successful
Speaker 1: testing guin and one. It is my assessment.
Speaker 2: Interesting doctor, if you call closing questions here and again
Speaker 2: we appreciate your time. I wanted to ask you about
Speaker 2: this as we heard, of course in America and around
Speaker 2: the world that Neil Armstrong and July the twentieth, nineteen
Speaker 2: sixty nine and was Aldron landed on the moon. Where
Speaker 2: were you when the moon landing took place? And what
Speaker 2: was your reaction?
Speaker 1: I wasn't cherrmobile. They're no chermobile. Yes, they had this
Speaker 1: nuclear power station they grew up in nineteen eighty, yes,
Speaker 1: sir nine, I think by in nineteen sixty five they
Speaker 1: have their such peaceful and the forests and the sandy beaches.
Speaker 1: And we were in the vacation with our friends there,
Speaker 1: and we knew that Americans will land it on the moon.
Speaker 1: And one of our friends who worked for the cagy
Speaker 1: Be intelligence in Africa, and he brought from there the
Speaker 1: small telescope. So we look at the telescope in the moon,
Speaker 1: but we didn't see Americans.
Speaker 2: That's interesting. So you were actually looking at the telescope
Speaker 2: hoping to see. Of course we know you couldn't, but
Speaker 2: you tried. Nonetheless, no, we no.
Speaker 1: We didn't try, but we look there because it was
Speaker 1: great success, not only for the Americans but for everybody
Speaker 1: in the world when they saw that we want to
Speaker 1: be the first. But when we were if American the first,
Speaker 1: we of course were envy, but we were also proud
Speaker 1: for the older humanity.
Speaker 2: Well, doctor, there was the Soviet Union close at all
Speaker 2: or now you're going to the moon like we did
Speaker 2: back in sixty nine. Were they closed?
Speaker 1: I don't think that they were closed because it was
Speaker 1: this strong confrontation. Will say, the competition the Soviet Union,
Speaker 1: who will go for the moon? Who will make this design?
Speaker 1: It will be the coryal Off or it will be
Speaker 1: the Cellame. It was two competitive designers who wanted to
Speaker 1: send the people to the moon. The man to the moon.
Speaker 1: And it was competition inside the Soviet Union, and it
Speaker 1: was very strong. And at that time one of my
Speaker 1: friends who with whom we work and who was there
Speaker 1: the committee who were there, he told both of them,
Speaker 1: will prefer American to the first to the moon. But
Speaker 1: the kral this design was not really as efficient as
Speaker 1: it have to be. So I think that even if
Speaker 1: the Karlov will do everything successfully, he will not able
Speaker 1: to go to the moon. But if they will decide
Speaker 1: that the Chellaney will be in schedule, the secret will
Speaker 1: be very big possibility that Soviet Union can launch the
Speaker 1: men to the moon more or less on the same time.
Speaker 1: But I will remind you other things that it was
Speaker 1: due project in the Soviet Union, a one to send
Speaker 1: men to the moon, and then to send the robotic
Speaker 1: vehicle to the moon, which was very close to bring
Speaker 1: the temples of the ground back to the Earth. And
Speaker 1: they launched it just several weeks before or the days
Speaker 1: before the Apollo just leave the orbit of the Earth
Speaker 1: and they delivered there, uh uh, the solar rocks later
Speaker 1: than Apolos saw. Nobody remember this because the Apollo and
Speaker 1: the project to send the men of the Moon was
Speaker 1: mostly the UH political project. It was the Kennedy who
Speaker 1: want to show, yes we can do it, an American
Speaker 1: show that they can do it. So nobody was interested
Speaker 1: who will be the second except the scientist exactly.
Speaker 2: They always want to know who's the first. And I
Speaker 2: do appreciate it, Doctor, our short interview today, just a
Speaker 2: few more minutes, and again appreciate your time. We want
Speaker 2: to thank our producer, Richard Dugan of radio station caseysb
Speaker 2: AM to ninety that is in Santa Barbara, California, for
Speaker 2: handling all the production of the Doctor Sky Show. Two
Speaker 2: quick questions, Doctor, and then I'll ask you to stay
Speaker 2: on the line after we go to the top of
Speaker 2: the hour. Break care one. Okay, you are a United
Speaker 2: States citizen. It's not every day that we speak to
Speaker 2: someone so close to one of the former premiers of
Speaker 2: the Soviet Union, your father, Nikita Krushchev. But you become
Speaker 2: a citizen, and this is interesting. Tell us your passion
Speaker 2: for America now and the things that you're doing today
Speaker 2: in this world.
Speaker 1: I like this country. I became here in nineteen ninety
Speaker 1: one and became citizen nineteen ninety nine. I'm also the
Speaker 1: Russian citizen. I have Russian passport and I have American passport. Yes,
Speaker 1: and I want to have very friendly relations between the
Speaker 1: United States and the end. The Russia now in not
Speaker 1: in the good shape. And I'm trying to find out
Speaker 1: what is the most interest of the United States and
Speaker 1: what is the interest of Russia in this From this
Speaker 1: point of your minderstanding of the national interests United States,
Speaker 1: I am not in favor of the current administration and
Speaker 1: when looking what is the main interest of Russia and
Speaker 1: not in favor of the Putting administration. So both of
Speaker 1: them don't like me.
Speaker 2: I say, wow, So maybe who knows, Maybe you can
Speaker 2: be the eventual peacemaker between the two and bring us.
Speaker 1: So I think the peace will crime closely because it
Speaker 1: was the mistake that this administration want to punish the
Speaker 1: Russia because they have the own vision of their role
Speaker 1: in the world. Yes, and sooner or later they will
Speaker 1: understand that it is different. And we have to create
Speaker 1: the friendship because the good diplomacy creating friends, the bad
Speaker 1: diplomacy creating enemies. And now we have bad diplomats on
Speaker 1: the both sides, on the relations with Russia and the
Speaker 1: relations with the Middle East, with relations with Iran, because
Speaker 1: we cannot go there and say we want to behave
Speaker 1: different for example, like the President Nixon did with the China,
Speaker 1: or like my father did with Yugoslavia.
Speaker 2: Yes, well, we need peace in this world. Doctor, and
Speaker 2: I brind salute you for being our guest and hope
Speaker 2: that cooler heads will prevail our special guest as we
Speaker 2: say thank you, and we'll be talking with him in
Speaker 2: just a few weeks on another radio show that I do.
Speaker 2: He's joining us in a couple of weeks here as
Speaker 2: a one hour guest in our live format. Doctor Sergei
Speaker 2: Khrushchev is now, that isn't John. I'm a senior fellow
Speaker 2: at the Watston Institute for International Studies at Brown University
Speaker 2: and Providence, Rhode Island. His father, of course, the former
Speaker 2: Soviet Premier Nikita Krushchev of the Soviet Union. And I
Speaker 2: want to thank you, sir for being here on the
Speaker 2: Doctor Sky Show. Stay on the line with us as
Speaker 2: we go to this break. And I do appreciate your
Speaker 2: part in talking about history and the many wonderful books
Speaker 2: that doctor Khrushchev has written, not only on his father,
Speaker 2: but on all serious subjects, whether they be aerospace, space,
Speaker 2: and of course in the world of history and politics.
Speaker 2: Doctor Khrushchev, thank you for your time today. It's an honor,
Speaker 2: Thank you mine. That concludes this exciting edition of the
Speaker 2: Doctor Sky Show with great guests from the realms of astronomy, space,
Speaker 2: aviation and weather, and like today, special celebrity guest in
Speaker 2: the mix. I'm sure Doctor Sergei Krshchev would agree. Doctor
Speaker 2: Sky reminds everyone to always keep their eyes to the sky.
Speaker 1: Thank you, thank you for the twas ready for me
Speaker 1: to be on your show.
Speaker 2: Thank you, Doctor