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<v Speaker 1>I am very excited to talk to my next guest.

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<v Speaker 2>His name is doctor Joe Rigney.

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<v Speaker 1>He serves as a Fellow of Theology at the New

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<v Speaker 1>Saint Andrew's College. He's also a pastor at Christ Church

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<v Speaker 1>in Moscow in Idaho. He is the author of eight books,

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<v Speaker 1>including Leadership and Emotional Sabotage and the book we're talking

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<v Speaker 1>about today, The Sin of Empathy, Compassion and Its Counterfeits,

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<v Speaker 1>Doctor Ridney.

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<v Speaker 2>Welcome to the show. First of all, Hey, thanks for

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<v Speaker 2>having me, Mandy.

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<v Speaker 1>I loved this book. I just told him off the air.

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<v Speaker 1>It took me maybe an hour and a half to read.

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<v Speaker 1>It's not War and Peace. It's a very simple, slim book,

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<v Speaker 1>but boy does it pack a punch. And I want

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<v Speaker 1>to just allow you to give what you must have

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<v Speaker 1>at this point, an elevator speech, a version of what

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<v Speaker 1>you're talking about that is easy to understand for my

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<v Speaker 1>listeners if.

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<v Speaker 2>You would, Yeah, absolutely, I would say.

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<v Speaker 3>The basic premise is that, like all good things, passion

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<v Speaker 3>is capable of being corrupted, and when it does, it

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<v Speaker 3>becomes highly destructive.

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<v Speaker 2>So maybe one of the simplest.

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<v Speaker 3>Way into it is if you have someone who's drowning

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<v Speaker 3>in quicksand there's sort of physics analogy using the book.

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<v Speaker 3>There's basically three ways that you could try to do

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<v Speaker 3>something about that. The first way would be to kind

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<v Speaker 3>of walk by on the other side of the road,

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<v Speaker 3>sort of the parable the good Samaritan the bad guys

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<v Speaker 3>in that story who just walk by, And we would

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<v Speaker 3>call that apathy.

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<v Speaker 2>So you could be apathetic.

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<v Speaker 3>Someone's drowning, someone's suffering, and you just completely ignore it.

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<v Speaker 3>But the other two responses are a little more interesting.

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<v Speaker 3>So one would be I'm going to reach in and

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<v Speaker 3>grab you as you're drowning, and I'm gonna have one

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<v Speaker 3>hand grabbing a branch on the side, and I'm going

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<v Speaker 3>to embrace in order to help pull you out. And

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<v Speaker 3>the word I would use for that is sympathy or compassion.

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<v Speaker 3>So I'm I'm joining you at some level in the pit,

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<v Speaker 3>but I've I'm still remaining anchored to the shore. And

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<v Speaker 3>I think that's kind of the historic Christian response to

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<v Speaker 3>pain and suffering is to say, that's what pity, that's compassion,

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<v Speaker 3>that sympathy tether to the shore, but reaching in joining

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<v Speaker 3>people in their suffering and pain in order to.

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<v Speaker 2>Help them get out of it.

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<v Speaker 3>But in the modern world, there's kind of been this

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<v Speaker 3>movement to upgrade that that sympathetic, that compassionate response, and

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<v Speaker 3>they've build empathy as compassion two point zero. And the

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<v Speaker 3>upgrade is you jump all the way in, You just

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<v Speaker 3>dive in with them. And this is presented as a

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<v Speaker 3>kind of improvement on the old version because it's a

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<v Speaker 3>more total immersion in the feelings and experiences and suffering

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<v Speaker 3>or whatever of other people.

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<v Speaker 2>And so that's better.

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<v Speaker 3>But the problem I have with it, the reason that

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<v Speaker 3>I call it a corruption of compassion, is that in

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<v Speaker 3>losing touch jumping in with both feet, you lose touch

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<v Speaker 3>with the shore, you lose touch. And then this analogy,

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<v Speaker 3>it's that's losing touch with reality, with what's true, with

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<v Speaker 3>what's good, with what's good for someone in the long run,

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<v Speaker 3>and focuses mainly on the immediate validation affirmation of what

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<v Speaker 3>everyone is feeling in the moment.

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<v Speaker 2>And so that's what I call the sin of empathy.

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<v Speaker 3>It's when empathy is untethered and when it does that,

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<v Speaker 3>it actually because the destruction comes when it's a tool

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<v Speaker 3>of emotional blackmail, of emotional manipulation, and you can do

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<v Speaker 3>a whole lot of destruction and.

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<v Speaker 2>Evil in the name of empathy.

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<v Speaker 1>Now, in the book, this is not a book about politics,

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<v Speaker 1>I want to be clear, but I am going to

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<v Speaker 1>take it in a political direction and you can respond

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<v Speaker 1>in kind if you'd like. This feels very much like

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<v Speaker 1>what we're dealing with on some of the biggest social

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<v Speaker 1>issues that we're dealing with right now. And you know,

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<v Speaker 1>the trans situation that we've been dealing with in the

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<v Speaker 1>country for a long time, I think is the best

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<v Speaker 1>example of this. And you know, I am one of

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<v Speaker 1>those people that at my core, I'm a small l

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<v Speaker 1>libertarian type. So when you are an adult, if you

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<v Speaker 1>want to do whatever you want, I really don't care.

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<v Speaker 1>As long as you bear the responsibility for those actions

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<v Speaker 1>and have those consequences on your own, I don't care

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<v Speaker 1>what you do. You can have all the plastic surgery

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<v Speaker 1>that you want, you can take all the hormones that

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<v Speaker 1>you want, and go about your business. But when we

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<v Speaker 1>started talking about children, if you said this is not

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<v Speaker 1>a good idea, you were not argued with on the

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<v Speaker 1>merits of whether or not this was a good idea.

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<v Speaker 1>You were told you were transphobic, you were hateful, you

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<v Speaker 1>wanted these people to die, and that for me is

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<v Speaker 1>the clearest definition of how can we help someone who

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<v Speaker 1>is struggling and suffering, but also recognize that perhaps thrusting

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<v Speaker 1>them into a path of medicalization is not the way

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<v Speaker 1>to go, And that for me, compassion is how can

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<v Speaker 1>we help them. Empathy is we're going to just go

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<v Speaker 1>along with whatever they want to do, whether or not

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<v Speaker 1>it's going to damage them in the long run or not.

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<v Speaker 2>That's right.

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<v Speaker 3>And I mean you're right that you know at some

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<v Speaker 3>level the phenomenon I'm trying to unpack is as old

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<v Speaker 3>as dirt. Right, So you know, Adam and Eve came

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<v Speaker 3>out of the garden and we're trying to emotionally manipulate

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<v Speaker 3>each other. So and so in anybody who's ever been

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<v Speaker 3>on the receiving end of a pity party or a

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<v Speaker 3>guilt trip by a family member knows the phenomenon where

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<v Speaker 3>we're describing where they're they're taking advantage of the fact that.

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<v Speaker 2>You care about them, right in order to steer you

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<v Speaker 2>to get their way. So this is not a new thing.

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<v Speaker 3>This is a human thing, deeply human way of manipulating

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<v Speaker 3>people's pity and compassion. What is a little bit unique

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<v Speaker 3>perhaps about the last twenty thirty forty fifty years is

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<v Speaker 3>the institutionalization and of that phenomenon throughout all sort of

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<v Speaker 3>sectors of society where it became it became like the

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<v Speaker 3>entire society became hijacked in this way by appeals to compassion.

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<v Speaker 3>And the trans said one is the law is the latest.

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<v Speaker 3>It's in a long line of.

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<v Speaker 2>This kind of manipulation.

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<v Speaker 3>I think that the LGBT stuff was advanced in precisely.

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<v Speaker 2>The same way.

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<v Speaker 3>Here's people who just want to have the same rights

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<v Speaker 3>as you do. They just want to get quote unquote

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<v Speaker 3>married just like you do. And isn't it so sad

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<v Speaker 3>that they can't get married because we're such a bigoted

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<v Speaker 3>and hateful country. And so it was an appeal to

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<v Speaker 3>compassion in order to mute any resistance to the redefinition

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<v Speaker 3>of the most fundamental.

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<v Speaker 2>Institution of society.

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<v Speaker 3>So this radical move of redefining marriage and trying to

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<v Speaker 3>unmoor it from its biological covenantal realities was made on

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<v Speaker 3>the basis of compassion and appeal to compassion and empathy

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<v Speaker 3>for same sex couples.

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<v Speaker 2>And then but it doesn't stay in place.

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<v Speaker 3>It was just extended out as we're seeing with the

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<v Speaker 3>trans movement, where would you rather have a dead son

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<v Speaker 3>or a live daughter?

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<v Speaker 2>When the medical.

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<v Speaker 3>Community makes that statement to parents who have children who have,

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<v Speaker 3>somehow or other through their smartphone or internet access, have

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<v Speaker 3>been catechized and indoctrinated into gender ideology and are now saying,

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<v Speaker 3>I even though I was born a boy, I feel

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<v Speaker 3>like I'm a girl, and I want to get surgery

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<v Speaker 3>and get on puberty walkers and everything else. When parents

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<v Speaker 3>would put up any resistance, it was an appeal to

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<v Speaker 3>their natural human compassion for their child. Don't you love them?

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<v Speaker 3>Don't you care for them? Do you want them to die?

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<v Speaker 3>That was used to short circuit any resistance, And that's

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<v Speaker 3>a great example of that manipulation of our normal, good

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<v Speaker 3>human response to suffering and pain and hardship, which is

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<v Speaker 3>to share and identify with people. But it can get

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<v Speaker 3>easily get hijacked, and when it does it it does

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<v Speaker 3>become highly destructive.

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<v Speaker 1>A lot of the criticisms that I've read quite a

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<v Speaker 1>few scorchers of columns that have people that really don't

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<v Speaker 1>care for your opinion on this. How does this square

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<v Speaker 1>because you're a pastor of a church, how does this

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<v Speaker 1>square with Jesus's commandment to love thy neighbor. And you

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<v Speaker 1>know we've all heard, you know, love the sin or

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<v Speaker 1>hate the sin. Where does all this sort of fit

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<v Speaker 1>into that overall dogma?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 3>Absolutely so well. I mean, Christ is the model for

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<v Speaker 3>Christian compassion. And we're told that he's a sympathetic high priest,

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<v Speaker 3>which means he was tempted in every way that we are,

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<v Speaker 3>yet without sin. The one thing that Jesus would not

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<v Speaker 3>do is join us in our sin. Now, he died

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<v Speaker 3>for our sins, but he himself would not celebrate, validate,

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<v Speaker 3>and affirm us in our sins.

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<v Speaker 2>He came to rescue us from it.

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<v Speaker 3>And so Christ is a great example of what I

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<v Speaker 3>would call tethered compassion. He's anchored to his father, he's

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<v Speaker 3>anchored to Oh, I'm gonna love God first, and then

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<v Speaker 3>because I love God, I'm able to love human beings

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<v Speaker 3>in their weakness, their brokenness, their sinfulness and try to

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<v Speaker 3>pull them out of the pit that they've put themselves in.

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<v Speaker 2>That's tethered compassion.

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<v Speaker 3>What he didn't do was put our emotions in the

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<v Speaker 3>driver in his driver's seat and say take me wherever

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<v Speaker 3>you want to go. In fact, the Bible tells us

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<v Speaker 3>repeatedly Jesus would never entrust himself to man because he

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<v Speaker 3>knew what was in the heart of man. He actually

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<v Speaker 3>when people tried to hijack and steer him, like his

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<v Speaker 3>disciples did at times, like no, you can't go to

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<v Speaker 3>the cross, get behind me, Satan, right. So there's a

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<v Speaker 3>number of places where Jesus absolutely refuses to do what

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<v Speaker 3>his followers or his enemies want him to do because

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<v Speaker 3>he's more committed to the mission that God has sent

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<v Speaker 3>him on than he is to whatever their desires might be.

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<v Speaker 3>And I think the larger biblical picture of compassion always

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<v Speaker 3>anchors our love for neighbor, in love for God and

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<v Speaker 3>what's ultimately good for them. And the challenge with this

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<v Speaker 3>untethered empathy is it frequently prioritizes the immediate feelings of

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<v Speaker 3>a person over their long term good. So I'll do

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<v Speaker 3>something that I think will relieve their immediate feelings.

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<v Speaker 2>Of distress or pain. Transisu is a great example.

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<v Speaker 3>They feel this way, so we'll castraate or mutilate, or

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<v Speaker 3>give them puberty blockers in order to try to alleviate

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<v Speaker 3>these feelings that they have, rather than their long term good,

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<v Speaker 3>which would be Let's try to bring their psychological identity

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<v Speaker 3>in line with biological reality. Let's remain anchored to what

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<v Speaker 3>is true and what is good, not get untethered by

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<v Speaker 3>their emotions.

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<v Speaker 1>So how do you prevent someone And I guess you

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<v Speaker 1>probably can't prevent this. But my thinking is is, like

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<v Speaker 1>I read your book, I absolutely understood what you were saying.

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<v Speaker 1>I am of the sort that I want to solve

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<v Speaker 1>the problems. In Denver, we have a huge issue with homelessness,

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<v Speaker 1>and our mayor has chosen to just shove you know,

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<v Speaker 1>people who suffered great trauma who are now addicted to

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<v Speaker 1>drugs or alcohol or mentally ill, has just shoved them

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<v Speaker 1>into old hotels, which doesn't solve any of the underlying problems.

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<v Speaker 1>But to your point, this is exactly what you just

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<v Speaker 1>talked about, which is solve this immediate need without solving

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<v Speaker 1>any of the longer issues. So how do you prevent

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<v Speaker 1>people from saying, well, you know, the sin of empathy says,

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<v Speaker 1>I don't have to be concerned about that, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, this could be a double edged sword. Do

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<v Speaker 1>you know what I mean? Do you know what I mean?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 3>Sure, it's certainly possible for someone to see the abuse

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<v Speaker 3>of compassion and empathy in our society and to actually

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<v Speaker 3>fall off on the other side and become heartless and apathetic,

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<v Speaker 3>indifferent to human suffering. And part of the reason that

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<v Speaker 3>I wrote the book, you know, it's passion and its counterfeits,

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<v Speaker 3>and the final chapter is commending real compassion in the

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<v Speaker 3>face of the counterfeits, because I don't want that to happen.

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<v Speaker 2>But the surest way to keep to, the surest way to.

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<v Speaker 3>Get the cruelty and apathy that people are afraid of,

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<v Speaker 3>is to continue allow to allow people to manipulate us

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<v Speaker 3>by empathy into doing things that are destructive and harmful.

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<v Speaker 3>So in the cases like homelessness or rampant criminality in

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<v Speaker 3>urban centers, or legal immigration for that matter, and these

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<v Speaker 3>kind of hot button issues, we are running the risk

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<v Speaker 3>of a kind of callous indifference to human suffering because

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<v Speaker 3>people are tired of being manipulated by the suffering of

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<v Speaker 3>others by advocates. So this is like, this is how

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<v Speaker 3>the setup often works, where you have here's real human suffering,

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<v Speaker 3>and then you have activists who are victims, and they

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<v Speaker 3>may be victims of real things or have real hardship

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<v Speaker 3>not of their own doing. But then you have activists

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<v Speaker 3>and advocates who come along as representatives, who speak on

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<v Speaker 3>their behalf, and they view the victims as a as

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<v Speaker 3>a tool to power and they know that they can

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<v Speaker 3>reorganize society however they want in the name of compassion.

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<v Speaker 3>So we will well reorganized. They'll set the agenda for

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<v Speaker 3>what everybody else has to do. They'll be the ones

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<v Speaker 3>in charge. And they discovered this was a very effective

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<v Speaker 3>way to hijack institutions, colleges, churches, schools, and it was

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<v Speaker 3>very effective.

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<v Speaker 2>And so now we've got more of that.

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<v Speaker 3>So then you have a backlash against it as people go, well,

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<v Speaker 3>if that's what compassion gets me, no, thank you. And

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<v Speaker 3>what I want to say is no, we actually need

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<v Speaker 3>to think in terms of what's good for people in

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<v Speaker 3>the long run, like what is actually going to get

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<v Speaker 3>down to root issues, So whether it's homelessness or immigration,

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<v Speaker 3>we want to actually think what's going to be good

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<v Speaker 3>for everyone, not just myopically focused. One of the things

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<v Speaker 3>empathy does is it acts as a spotlight and it

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<v Speaker 3>focuses on certain suffering and not other suffering.

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<v Speaker 2>Others, certain suffering gets totally whitewashed.

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<v Speaker 3>It's just totally gone, but other people at certain suffering

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<v Speaker 3>is elevated, so that we fixate on that, and I

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<v Speaker 3>want to say, no, we need to have a broader perspective,

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<v Speaker 3>rooted in justice, in what's true and what's good for

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<v Speaker 3>people and long run, what's good for society in the

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<v Speaker 3>long run, and out of that then you can make

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<v Speaker 3>wise decisions because you're not governed by the immediate passions

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<v Speaker 3>of the moment.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm talking with Pastor Joe Rigney about his book The

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<v Speaker 1>Sin of Empathy, and to that point, Pastor, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>one of the things that has been irritating for me

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<v Speaker 1>for a really long time when it comes to the

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<v Speaker 1>immigration issue, is a perfect example of this. And you know,

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<v Speaker 1>I have a lot of compassion for people who live

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<v Speaker 1>in these crapholed countries and they just want to escape

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<v Speaker 1>and have a better life for their family. I think

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<v Speaker 1>most people can understand why you would want to leave

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<v Speaker 1>someplace where there's no opportunity in danger to make the

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<v Speaker 1>long trek to the United States of America. But so

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<v Speaker 1>much of it happened and was allowed that now we

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<v Speaker 1>see people rooting and cheering as people are dragged off

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<v Speaker 1>the streets by ice and it's like with the pendulum

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<v Speaker 1>swung so quickly too, I can understand why you'd want

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<v Speaker 1>to come here to Uh yeah, we don't care if

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<v Speaker 1>you get due process and we're going to toss you

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<v Speaker 1>out on your ear. It's it's been it's been an

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<v Speaker 1>interesting thing to see. But ultimately, I think we're seeing

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<v Speaker 1>more and more of a backlash against more of these

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<v Speaker 1>issues where empathy has been weaponized to use a better

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<v Speaker 1>you know, for lack of a better term. Do you

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<v Speaker 1>see a shift on some of these things, and are

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<v Speaker 1>we going to shift too far too fast?

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<v Speaker 2>Well?

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<v Speaker 3>I think like when it comes to the people who

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<v Speaker 3>celebrate ice, you know, rating and deporting individuals, I think

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<v Speaker 3>the celebration is less about is less of cruelty about

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<v Speaker 3>those individuals who being deported, and more a gratitude that

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<v Speaker 3>someone finally decided that enough was enough.

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<v Speaker 2>So I think it was after you know.

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<v Speaker 3>Decades of politicians puttsing around and not doing anything as

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<v Speaker 3>millions and millions of people illegally enter the country and

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<v Speaker 3>distort and it was highly destructive to many communities. Right,

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<v Speaker 3>So this is a good example of the myopics. So

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<v Speaker 3>in the name of compassion for people refugees, or asylum seekers,

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<v Speaker 3>or even just migrants from other countries who wanted to

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<v Speaker 3>come here seeking better life. Well, what about the people

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<v Speaker 3>whose jobs they displaced? What about the wages that were depressed?

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<v Speaker 3>What about the factories that the jobs that were taken

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<v Speaker 3>from Americans who now had to compete with under the

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<v Speaker 3>table untaxed labor. And it's like, no one felt compassion

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<v Speaker 3>for that group of people. So now when that group

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<v Speaker 3>of people see someone finally standing up for the rule

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<v Speaker 3>of law and for a border, they rejoice. And that

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<v Speaker 3>fact not necessarily that, you know, individuals who were brought

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<v Speaker 3>here as children are being deported. I think that Americans

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<v Speaker 3>would have a far greater compassion if we actually had

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<v Speaker 3>a regulated system and a firm border. But this is

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<v Speaker 3>an issue that cuts right to the heart of the

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<v Speaker 3>scent of empathy question. A friend sent me a picture

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<v Speaker 3>a couple of weeks ago from the Mexican side of

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<v Speaker 3>the southern border, and written in big block letters on

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<v Speaker 3>the Mexico side in graffiti was the word empathy. And

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<v Speaker 3>I thought, that's actually a really good illustration of what

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<v Speaker 3>I'm getting at, because the idea of the graffiti was

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<v Speaker 3>this wall, this border wall is an affront to empathy

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<v Speaker 3>to compassion. Empathy means you don't get to have borders,

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<v Speaker 3>you don't get to have boundaries. You have to let anything,

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<v Speaker 3>anything goes. And I think that's a really good illustration

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<v Speaker 3>of precisely what I'm trying to avoid.

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<v Speaker 2>No borders are good, right. Good fences make good neighbors.

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<v Speaker 3>If you have a big border, if you have a wall,

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<v Speaker 3>you can also put gates in that wall and allow

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<v Speaker 3>the number of people that you think you can handle

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<v Speaker 3>to come in.

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<v Speaker 2>All of that is made possible when you have boundaries.

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<v Speaker 3>When you lose boundaries, it's just one big mess, and

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<v Speaker 3>is what we find ourselves in twenty twenty five.

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<v Speaker 1>So someone has texted our Common Spirit Health text line

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<v Speaker 1>with this question, if I understand correctly, compassion is good

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<v Speaker 1>if it's to white, straight folks, and beyond that it's

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<v Speaker 1>out of control and becomes a negative. How do you respond,

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<v Speaker 1>because that's a criticism that I see.

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<v Speaker 2>Of their book.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, sure, well, I don't know about the white part.

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<v Speaker 3>I think the race question, the ethnic question. Yeah, we

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<v Speaker 3>should be compassionate to all peoples of all all races,

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<v Speaker 3>insofar as we have the ability, and insofar as it

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<v Speaker 3>doesn't compete.

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<v Speaker 2>With our other duties as far as the straight the

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<v Speaker 2>straight piece.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I'm a Christian. I think that homosexuality is wrong.

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<v Speaker 3>It's disgusting, and it's sinful, and therefore I don't want

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<v Speaker 3>society celebrating it endorsing it, because I think it's harmful

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<v Speaker 3>and destructive in both the short term and in long

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<v Speaker 3>term to people's souls. And so I want a society

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<v Speaker 3>that rather than flying the rainbow flag and encouraging vile affections,

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<v Speaker 3>I want a society that reinforces the basic institution of society,

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<v Speaker 3>which is the natural family, where a husband and a

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<v Speaker 3>wife covenant together for a lifetime for the good, for

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<v Speaker 3>their own mutual happiness and for the bearing and rearing

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<v Speaker 3>of children, which is the foundation of every other institution

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<v Speaker 3>of society. And because we've abandoned that institution, like a

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<v Speaker 3>lot of these other problems that you've mentioned here, whether

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<v Speaker 3>it's the homelessness which is often driven by mental health

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<v Speaker 3>and addiction, and what feeds that well, uh, single parent homes, right,

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<v Speaker 3>rampant divorce, the decline and.

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<v Speaker 2>Decay of the natural family.

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<v Speaker 3>Those that that one issue sprout so many other issues,

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<v Speaker 3>and we won't defend and preserve and maintain this fundamental

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<v Speaker 3>institution of society, and as a result, we're reaping what.

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<v Speaker 2>We've sown and it's justified with what maintains it.

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<v Speaker 3>Though, is this false notion of compassion that says, validate

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<v Speaker 3>and affirm everybody's desires. If you desire it, we affirm it.

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<v Speaker 3>If you want it, you can have it, do what

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<v Speaker 3>you feel.

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<v Speaker 2>And instead we should say, no, what, how has God

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<v Speaker 2>made us? What? What? What standards does he put in place?

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<v Speaker 3>He knows best how we're designed and has given us

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<v Speaker 3>a blueprint in his scriptures for how we're to live.

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<v Speaker 3>If we live according to his word, then we'll find

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<v Speaker 3>that we find there's life there, there's joy there, there's

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<v Speaker 3>health and wholeness there, rather than the decay and destruction

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<v Speaker 3>that surrounds us everywhere. Uh.

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<v Speaker 1>Doctor Joe Rigney is my guest. The book is the

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<v Speaker 1>sin of compassion, and it is a excuse me, the

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<v Speaker 1>sin of empathy when we get back to the name

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<v Speaker 1>of the But you kind of threw me there because

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<v Speaker 1>my views and I understand the biblical perspective about homosexuality,

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<v Speaker 1>but I don't necessarily share that because so many of

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<v Speaker 1>my gay friends would love to be straight. They would

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<v Speaker 1>love nothing more to be straight, but that's not how

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<v Speaker 1>they're wired. And I happen to think that, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>God thought they were important enough to put on the earth,

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<v Speaker 1>and we'll disagree about that. I felt like I needed

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<v Speaker 1>to say that. I hope you understand, but ultimately I

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<v Speaker 1>do think that the overarching point goes well beyond white

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<v Speaker 1>or straight or anything else, because you can apply the

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<v Speaker 1>sin of empathy to so many different things that are

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<v Speaker 1>the problems that are being and I'm put air quotes

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<v Speaker 1>around solved and being solved badly because we have untethered

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<v Speaker 1>ourselves from anything that makes sense. Doctor Joe Rigney. I

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<v Speaker 1>put a link on the blog today so people can

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<v Speaker 1>buy the book. I really appreciate you coming on and

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<v Speaker 1>having this conversation, and I hope people buy the book

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<v Speaker 1>and begin to understand that we can be compassionate and

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<v Speaker 1>still not get sucked in to the things that don't

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<v Speaker 1>make any sense. Thanks for your time today.

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<v Speaker 2>Thanks Madie,
