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<v Speaker 1>It's night with Dan Ray on DELI Feazy Radio.

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<v Speaker 2>All right, Well, a couple of weeks ago, we had

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<v Speaker 2>some spectacular examples of space weather and we talked with

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<v Speaker 2>during the eight o'clock hour with a gentleman by the

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<v Speaker 2>name is Sean Dahl. He's a space weather forecaster at

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<v Speaker 2>Noah's Space Weather Prediction Center out in Boulder, Colorado. Has

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<v Speaker 2>had an amazing career. Spent twenty two years in the

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<v Speaker 2>US Air Force, served around the world in the intelligence

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<v Speaker 2>and meteorragical operations fields, continued his studies. He retired from

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<v Speaker 2>the Air Force in two thousand and seven and has

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<v Speaker 2>been with the National Weather Service and a weather forecaster

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<v Speaker 2>for the US Air Force. So I want to welcome

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<v Speaker 2>Sean back because I was fascinated by some of the

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<v Speaker 2>things that we talked about. This was the time a

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<v Speaker 2>couple of weeks ago when people were seeing the northern

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<v Speaker 2>lights in spectacular fashion. Seawan, welcome back to Nightside. How

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<v Speaker 2>are you Sean Dahl?

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<v Speaker 3>Hi? Dan, thanks, I'm glad to be glad to be

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<v Speaker 3>back and I'm doing great.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. No So, Noah is the National Oceanographic and an

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<v Speaker 2>Aeronautics Administration. Is that have I got the acronym.

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<v Speaker 3>Correctly there almost National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

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<v Speaker 2>Shakes spirit administration. Okay, al right, I was thinking aeronautics,

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<v Speaker 2>all right. I should have looked that one up ahead

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<v Speaker 2>of time. There are so many of these acronyms in

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<v Speaker 2>the in the vernacular. So we're talking about space weather

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<v Speaker 2>and when I talked to you earlier today, briefly, uh,

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<v Speaker 2>it was. It's fascinating because for someone like me, who

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<v Speaker 2>is not especially scientifically oriented, I learn a lot from

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<v Speaker 2>someone like you, and I hope our audience also might

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<v Speaker 2>have some honest questions that they might want to contribute

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<v Speaker 2>to the conversation we think about. When I think about

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<v Speaker 2>weather and all of that, I think about sun spots,

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<v Speaker 2>which I don't understand, but I'm told that depending upon

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<v Speaker 2>the intensity of sun spots that can infect can impact

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<v Speaker 2>our weather. That's not necessarily what we're talking about here,

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<v Speaker 2>but is that true?

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 4>Then sunspots are these massive, strong magnetic field and they're

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<v Speaker 4>so strong that they disturb the natural rising of light and.

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<v Speaker 3>Heat coming up from deeper inside the sun. So think

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<v Speaker 3>of it like a reverse bathtub plug. The water doesn't

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<v Speaker 3>go out when the plug's in there. In this case,

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<v Speaker 3>it's a magnetic plug keeping things from coming up welling

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<v Speaker 3>up from deeper in the Sun, and these strong magnetic fields,

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<v Speaker 3>these that can materialize as major sunspot groups. They're usually

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<v Speaker 3>they're not always the source of these space one of

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<v Speaker 3>the storms that can affect Planet Earth, but they're usually

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<v Speaker 3>the source of most of the significant activity that we

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<v Speaker 3>experience here.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, and again, I didn't do great in science in school,

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<v Speaker 2>but I'm smart enough to know that the Sun is

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<v Speaker 2>about ninety million miles away, ninety three million miles away,

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<v Speaker 2>and at different times during the years, a little closer

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<v Speaker 2>in different times during the years, a little further away.

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<v Speaker 2>How enormous is the Sun? Comparatively? I think all of

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<v Speaker 2>us know that the circumference of the Earth is I

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<v Speaker 2>think it's twenty four thousand miles at the equator. How

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<v Speaker 2>enormous is this? But go ahead's right?

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<v Speaker 3>Oh, okay, I finish your question. Sorry, No, I.

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<v Speaker 2>Was just saying that I think that when we think

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<v Speaker 2>about the equator, we think about the Earth, and you know,

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<v Speaker 2>as this globe and around the center of the Earth

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<v Speaker 2>on the equator, it's about twenty four thousand miles wide.

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<v Speaker 2>How much bigger is the Sun to the Earth compared

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<v Speaker 2>to the Earth.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, kind of thing is massive. I mean a one

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<v Speaker 3>hundred and nine planet earths fits side by side just

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<v Speaker 3>going across the flat Earth facing side of the Sun

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<v Speaker 3>right across its equator. So that means an enormous amount

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<v Speaker 3>of Earth fit around the entire Sun right and if

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<v Speaker 3>one does all the map basically adds up to something

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<v Speaker 3>on the order of one million planet earths could fit

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<v Speaker 3>inside of the Sun. So fortunately it's at the perfect distance,

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<v Speaker 3>being that ninety three or so million miles away, that

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<v Speaker 3>we escape most of the harmful things. And this planet

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<v Speaker 3>has been able to sustain life because it seems to

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<v Speaker 3>be just at the right distance. But it's so far

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<v Speaker 3>away it still takes light from the Sun eight minutes

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<v Speaker 3>to get here.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I know when you I did learn that when

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<v Speaker 2>you see what you think is the dawn on the horizon,

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<v Speaker 2>it really was sent eight minutes previously from the Sun.

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<v Speaker 2>Tough things to get those of us who are non

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<v Speaker 2>scientists are hit around. So so with the sun spots.

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<v Speaker 2>Starting with the sun spots that activity and let's we'll

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<v Speaker 2>fill in the middle part. We saw these northern lights,

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<v Speaker 2>the Aurora borealis I think was the technical name or

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<v Speaker 2>is that is that a different phenomenon? I I just

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<v Speaker 2>want to make sure I'm not making it complete fool

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<v Speaker 2>of myself here.

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<v Speaker 3>No, Dan, you got it absolutely right. That's the scientific

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<v Speaker 3>name for us in the northern hemisphere.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, great? And is the one in the southern I

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<v Speaker 2>assumed this one in the southern hemisphere as well?

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<v Speaker 3>Right down there. The scientific name is the Aurora Australis.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, all right, that makes sense. So what happened out

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<v Speaker 2>there a couple of weeks ago which allowed us to

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<v Speaker 2>see these brilliant colors in the you know, a time

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<v Speaker 2>when it's really dark. And the other question I have

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<v Speaker 2>is I went up at one point to try to

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<v Speaker 2>see them and I didn't and a friend of mine said,

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<v Speaker 2>you're not go ahead. You're supposed to take a picture

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<v Speaker 2>of them, and that's how you see them on your camera.

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<v Speaker 2>Was he joking with me? Or I looked up and

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<v Speaker 2>this was times when they was saying, no, we can

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<v Speaker 2>see him outside of Washington and DC and Maryland. Did

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<v Speaker 2>I miss it by not taking a picture on my cellphone?

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<v Speaker 3>You may have, Dan, especially the one that was just

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<v Speaker 3>like a wee weekend ago or so yeah, little over

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<v Speaker 3>seven days ago. Yeah, that one. You know, we'll go

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<v Speaker 3>back to the one in the main in a minute,

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<v Speaker 3>but that one there, we reached pretty significant levels, what

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<v Speaker 3>we call severe levels, not quite to the extreme that

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<v Speaker 3>we reached with the storm in May, but nevertheless that's

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<v Speaker 3>still strong enough, severe enough that those northern lights can

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<v Speaker 3>manifest themselves, and they did all the way down to Florida,

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<v Speaker 3>across the southern tier state that we wouldn't normally think

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<v Speaker 3>that the ore would be visible at but it is

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<v Speaker 3>now because people There's two things going on. One, people

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<v Speaker 3>are tuning, understanding, hearing more about space weather. This is

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<v Speaker 3>thanks to the platforms like yours. This is thanks to

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<v Speaker 3>work that the government's been doing and advertising and especially

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<v Speaker 3>social media and those realms that say, hey there's something

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<v Speaker 3>going on. Even broadcast meter. I'm just starting to talk

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<v Speaker 3>about this stuff. So people are beginning to look up

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<v Speaker 3>at the sky at night when maybe they weren't before,

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<v Speaker 3>So some are beginning to see it. And the other

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<v Speaker 3>part is, yes, that digital technology we have is very

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<v Speaker 3>very good. You can capture things like that red glow

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<v Speaker 3>pink colors of the upper level aurora out there when

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<v Speaker 3>we wouldn't normally think one would be able to see it.

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<v Speaker 3>But our digital technology picks up those photons of light

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<v Speaker 3>and puts them together on that digital sensor and it

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<v Speaker 3>accumulates it and voila, there one can see it.

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<v Speaker 2>So if I'm reading, if I am understanding correctly, if

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<v Speaker 2>I'm standing in the same spot next to you and

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<v Speaker 2>your small f take picture on your camera or your

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<v Speaker 2>camera or your cell phone, your smartphone, I might say,

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<v Speaker 2>I don't really see it. I don't really see it, Sean.

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<v Speaker 2>But you then show me the picture that you just

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<v Speaker 2>took on your smartphone or on your cell phone or

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<v Speaker 2>whatever it is, and I'm gonna say, how could the

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<v Speaker 2>camera see it and not me?

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<v Speaker 5>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, isn't that amazing that? I mean, that's the story

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<v Speaker 3>it is these days. Now in those northern tier states,

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<v Speaker 3>with that activity, one doesn't have a problem seeing I mean,

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<v Speaker 3>you get the green colors, you get the red, even

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<v Speaker 3>some other colors. From time to time it's much further

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<v Speaker 3>up in the sky and it stands out like a

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<v Speaker 3>sore thumb. But those southern tier states, it really takes

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<v Speaker 3>a lot to see it with your eye. And that

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<v Speaker 3>was the case back in May that was seen and

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<v Speaker 3>once again, even this more recent storm, people saw it

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<v Speaker 3>further south than you'd think, but they also captured it

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<v Speaker 3>much further south than one would think, just because of

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<v Speaker 3>that excitement one of particles up there in the atmosphere

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<v Speaker 3>that's interacting with that storm from the sun and lighting

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<v Speaker 3>up in that nice bread right bright red color that

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<v Speaker 3>people were capturing on their phones.

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<v Speaker 2>When I want when we get back, I want to

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<v Speaker 2>talk about the impact again this space weather adverse impact

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<v Speaker 2>can have on our technology, which we touched upon the

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<v Speaker 2>other night. But I want to get into that because

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<v Speaker 2>we all now are slaves to technology, whether we're looking

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<v Speaker 2>at our computers or our cell phones. We can't live

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<v Speaker 2>with them, we can't live without them. My name is

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<v Speaker 2>Dan Ray. This is Nightside. Wanted to be joined again

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<v Speaker 2>by Sean Dahl, a space weather forecaster for the for

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<v Speaker 2>Noah Space Weather Prediction Center in Boulder, Colorado. I love

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<v Speaker 2>talking to Sean because you hear the excitement in his voice.

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<v Speaker 2>We're going to talk about the problems that these this

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<v Speaker 2>beautiful space space weather can cause us. And if you

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<v Speaker 2>are out there and you have a question or a comment,

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<v Speaker 2>and most of you, I'm sure are stronger in terms

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<v Speaker 2>of science than I am. Feel free to join the

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<v Speaker 2>conversation and UH and and ask questions that maybe I'm

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<v Speaker 2>not smart enough to ask in this particular set of circumstances.

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<v Speaker 2>Six one, seven, two, five, four ten thirty six one

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<v Speaker 2>seven nine. Coming back on night Side.

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<v Speaker 1>Now, back to Dan Ray live from the Window World

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<v Speaker 1>night Side Studios on WBZ News Radio.

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<v Speaker 2>My guest Sean Dahl. He's with the National Ocean Ocean

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<v Speaker 2>and Graphic and Aeronautics Administration. UH, he's with the Noah's

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<v Speaker 2>Space Weather Prediction Center. I want to talk to you

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<v Speaker 2>about weather prediction, but I also want to talk initially

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<v Speaker 2>about as beautiful as as the Aurora borealis is and

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<v Speaker 2>some of the things we see up there. This does

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<v Speaker 2>interfere this space weather. I don't know how much of

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<v Speaker 2>a direct impact that has on our weather per se,

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<v Speaker 2>but it does interfere with the technology that we use. Correct.

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<v Speaker 3>Oh, that's absolutely right, Dan, It sure does. That's why

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<v Speaker 3>we that's our real focus here at the Space Weather

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<v Speaker 3>Predictions Center is the implications on our technology in our

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<v Speaker 3>society's way of life. That's why we do what we do.

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<v Speaker 3>We make direct contact with a lot of these core

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<v Speaker 3>critical infrastructure technological operators out there, as well as our

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<v Speaker 3>federal levels of our government, so that if we do

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<v Speaker 3>ever experience one of these feared and we know it

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<v Speaker 3>can happen because it's happened throughout history, and I'll be

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<v Speaker 3>glad to talk to you about some of those events.

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<v Speaker 3>That space weather impacts things dramatically, and we don't want

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<v Speaker 3>to see something on the order of a catastrophic collapse

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<v Speaker 3>of some element of our technology, such as the power

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<v Speaker 3>grid of North America.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, So I I this where it gets a little

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<v Speaker 2>scary here. Okay, two hundred years ago, when we had

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<v Speaker 2>no such thing, I guess probably you might have had

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<v Speaker 2>Morse code, but that was about it. Now we have

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<v Speaker 2>radio and television, and we have satellites, and we have

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<v Speaker 2>stuff that you know, our ancestors never could have even imagined. Okay,

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<v Speaker 2>As we have become more reliant on technology, I assume

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<v Speaker 2>that conversely, we're now more susceptible to some of this

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<v Speaker 2>space weather. Tell us.

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<v Speaker 3>Why, yeah, that's so true. That's because we're still learning,

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<v Speaker 3>you know, where it's developed things at such a fantastic pace,

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<v Speaker 3>this new technology. I mean, Craig, when I was going

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<v Speaker 3>to school, there was no such thing as a cell phone, right,

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<v Speaker 3>you had to do the old rotary dial phone for

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<v Speaker 3>goodness takes. But now and then a lot of cordless

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<v Speaker 3>phones were an exciting thing. But now we all have

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<v Speaker 3>cell phones and we're all reliant on them so much

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<v Speaker 3>so that whenever's there's a dropout of one of these devices,

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<v Speaker 3>like a major celler network, people are looking for immediate answer.

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<v Speaker 3>And that happened back in February. Space weather actually got

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<v Speaker 3>blamed for that due to some active the storms and

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<v Speaker 3>the sun called solar flares. In this case, they did

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<v Speaker 3>not They were not the cause of the cellular phone

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<v Speaker 3>outage back instead Dory. But we had to respond to

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<v Speaker 3>those questions to including from our own Pentagon, because there's

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<v Speaker 3>so many people that rely on that, including national security assets.

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<v Speaker 3>Had concerns about whether or not that was it. But yes,

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<v Speaker 3>we are quite susceptible to it.

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<v Speaker 2>But the beauty is that.

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<v Speaker 3>We're aware of this and things going up there are

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<v Speaker 3>trying to plan for these as much as possible, say

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<v Speaker 3>satellites in space. The power grid is well aware and

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<v Speaker 3>they're trying to They have measures in place now that

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<v Speaker 3>they didn't have twenty years ago to deal with these situations,

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<v Speaker 3>the communications that we have, the GPS devices that we

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<v Speaker 3>rely upon. Unfortunately, these are still very susceptible, and there

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<v Speaker 3>was major impacts from the storm in May, in particular,

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<v Speaker 3>a half a billion dollar loss in agriculture is the

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<v Speaker 3>current reported estimate now because of the GPS precision GPS

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<v Speaker 3>failure systems from the farmers trying to plant seeds and

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<v Speaker 3>spray crops in early May.

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<v Speaker 2>Wow, what were the farmers doing way back then, way

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<v Speaker 2>back when. So, from a personal point of view, this

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<v Speaker 2>space weather, as we begin to experience and we continue

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<v Speaker 2>to experience it, it was there before and it'll be

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<v Speaker 2>there after all of us depart this mortal courp It

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<v Speaker 2>can impact everything from our cell phones to our I

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<v Speaker 2>guess our computers, our televisions. Can any of that now

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<v Speaker 2>be channeled and used against us by a foreign military power?

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<v Speaker 2>Is there any concern about that?

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<v Speaker 3>Dan, I think there probably is. I don't I can't

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<v Speaker 3>speak to that because I don't know. That's not what

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<v Speaker 3>we're doing at the Space Center. But who does deal

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<v Speaker 3>with that? As a Department of Defense and our core partners,

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<v Speaker 3>the United States Air Force supports those efforts. They have

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<v Speaker 3>kind of the top secret national security side for military

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<v Speaker 3>interests in mind when it comes to space weather, because

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<v Speaker 3>they have an organization just like we have at the

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<v Speaker 3>Space Weather Pitch Center, but it's for the military side

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<v Speaker 3>and all those concerns that you're expressing here, that's what

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<v Speaker 3>they're monitoring and doing. And it's interesting you brought that

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<v Speaker 3>up because, in I believe it was the year in

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<v Speaker 3>nineteen sixty seven, around May twenty third, nuclear war was

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<v Speaker 3>at option. It was a possibility because of a space

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<v Speaker 3>weather event. As you can imagine, technology was beginning to loom.

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<v Speaker 3>Satellites were just beginning to become a thing, Rockets going

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<v Speaker 3>into outer space were becoming a thing. But there was

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<v Speaker 3>an event that happened on the Sun that was so

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<v Speaker 3>prolific that it caused a lot of these over the

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<v Speaker 3>horizon radars that are looking for nuclear launches from foreign

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<v Speaker 3>adversaries to experience a major problem where the effect that

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<v Speaker 3>it seemed like they were being jammed for instance, highly

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<v Speaker 3>concerning when you don't have a lot of information right

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<v Speaker 3>But it was thanks to space weather forecasters that got

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<v Speaker 3>the word out that no, we're experiencing this type of

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<v Speaker 3>event right here. We think that's the cause. And wow,

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<v Speaker 3>I mean you know, if you don't know what's causing

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<v Speaker 3>a problem. Even today, we could be having a cyber attack, right,

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<v Speaker 3>so we need to know whether or not space weather's

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<v Speaker 3>to blame instead.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, I assume that space weather is is if you

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<v Speaker 2>say it's to blame, it's a natural phenomenon over which

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<v Speaker 2>no one has control. But to think that a display

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<v Speaker 2>whatever of sun activity, space weather, whatever you want to

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<v Speaker 2>refer to it, and I realized they're different, but that

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<v Speaker 2>they can be related, could have panicked some nation to

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<v Speaker 2>launch nuclear weapons because they think they're under attack. I mean,

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<v Speaker 2>it could have been that the end of the world

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<v Speaker 2>would be caused really directly by human beings, but indirectly

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<v Speaker 2>by a natural phenomena called space weather. I mean, that's

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<v Speaker 2>I've never heard that story before, Sean, that's frightening to

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<v Speaker 2>think of that.

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<v Speaker 3>Oh sure is right now, It's amazing how far we've

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<v Speaker 3>come Now today, the odds of that happening are much swimmer,

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<v Speaker 3>right because other nations are doing space weather business when

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<v Speaker 3>they weren't before. They're invested in this because they have

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<v Speaker 3>critical infrastructure just like we do. I mean, the last

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<v Speaker 3>storm back in May caused so many power problems in

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<v Speaker 3>New Zealand they had to disconnect power to the northern

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<v Speaker 3>islands up in that country. I mean, this is the

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<v Speaker 3>state we're in. And in nineteen seventy two, there was

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<v Speaker 3>a storm so prolific from the sun, these things we

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<v Speaker 3>call geomagnetic storms, which caused the aurora that was so

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<v Speaker 3>impactful immediately upon the storm arrival from the Sun that

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<v Speaker 3>it actually detonated mines in the waters during the Vietnam War.

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<v Speaker 3>I mean, this is the power of these storms from

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<v Speaker 3>the path and even moving forward, this is a touch

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<v Speaker 3>of concerns we have today and what this means for

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<v Speaker 3>our current state of satellites, our current state of communications,

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<v Speaker 3>our current interconnected power grid system, and so on.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm assuming, and maybe I'm overreacting my last question, then

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<v Speaker 2>we're going to go to break and we'll get to

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<v Speaker 2>phone calls. I'm assuming we right now have some astronauts

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<v Speaker 2>circling the globe who were supposed to be back down

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<v Speaker 2>here a few months ago, are going to be up

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<v Speaker 2>until some time in February. One of them happens to

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<v Speaker 2>be a Massachusetts native, so we're a little bit concerned

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<v Speaker 2>about herb as well as the other astronauts. Is it

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<v Speaker 2>conceivable that we could have a situation where again, you know,

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<v Speaker 2>a a set of astronauts could be impowerful. I mean

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<v Speaker 2>we've had we've had astronaut you know, launches that have

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<v Speaker 2>blown up on re entry. But we've had back in

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<v Speaker 2>nineteen sixty two, we had I think several astronauts died

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<v Speaker 2>when when a rocket actually blew up on the platform.

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<v Speaker 2>The era of Gus Grissom and all of that is

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<v Speaker 2>the challenger, and we've had tragedies that are closer to Earth.

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<v Speaker 2>Is it conceivable that there could be a space weather

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<v Speaker 2>event which would impact astronauts or is the technology that

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<v Speaker 2>you deal with such that you could anticipate that and

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<v Speaker 2>they could get the spaceship, space shuttles or whatever the

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<v Speaker 2>space ships out of the way.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, then there's several points to that. Yes, we are

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<v Speaker 3>very concerned about astronauts safety. We talked to NASSA every

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<v Speaker 3>single day for the benefits of those astronauts in the

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<v Speaker 3>space And just like your native Massachusetts female up there,

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<v Speaker 3>this is what we do. When we have these types

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<v Speaker 3>of storms they're called radiation storms and are scary, frightening

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<v Speaker 3>word right, particles coming from the Sun. We're concerned about

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<v Speaker 3>those penetrating into human tissue of the astronauts. And that's

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<v Speaker 3>why we'll be working directly with Houston Mission Control when

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<v Speaker 3>we go back to the Moon for direct dealing of

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<v Speaker 3>the astronaut safety, because we know that that can be

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<v Speaker 3>extremely harmful to them and cause well, very nasty radiation exposure.

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<v Speaker 2>Wow. Wow. My guest is Sean Doll. He is a

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<v Speaker 2>space weather forecaster with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

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<v Speaker 2>We're going to go to phone calls. I see a

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<v Speaker 2>very familiar name. Was going to lead us off. Here's

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<v Speaker 2>that's going to be fun. Uh. There's one line at

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<v Speaker 2>six one, seven, two, five, four to ten thirty and

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<v Speaker 2>a couple of lines at six one, seven, nine, three one,

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<v Speaker 2>ten thirty. This is your opportunity to weigh in and

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<v Speaker 2>learn something or to try to make a point. You

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<v Speaker 2>have that opportunity. Sean is going to stay with us,

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<v Speaker 2>I hope until eleven o'clock. Will take calls along the way.

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<v Speaker 2>Feel free to join the conversation. It's a night side

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<v Speaker 2>with Dan Ray. I find a subject like this so

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<v Speaker 2>inherently interesting because they know so little about it. I

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<v Speaker 2>hope all of you can identify with that feeling. There

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<v Speaker 2>were some subjects saying, now a lot of baseball and politics,

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<v Speaker 2>but this is an area that is not in my wheelhouse,

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<v Speaker 2>and I'm learning as much as I can. I hope

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<v Speaker 2>you are as well. Back on Nightside, It's Night Side

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<v Speaker 2>with Dan Ray on w B Boston's news radio. My

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<v Speaker 2>guest Sean Dole. He's a space weather forecaster for NOAH,

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<v Speaker 2>the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. My first caller, first

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<v Speaker 2>time she's called the show. I think it's a first.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm not sure. We'll have to see Nicole Davis. Nicole,

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<v Speaker 2>how are you? You're still working here?

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<v Speaker 6>Thank you. I am not at work right now, and

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<v Speaker 6>I am safety first, hands on the wheel. But you

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<v Speaker 6>can hear me, okay, right, perfectly, perfectly phenomenal. So Sean,

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<v Speaker 6>so good to have you on BEZ. This is something

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<v Speaker 6>that I am totally geeking out about. And you answered

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<v Speaker 6>my question earlier about the impact on radio, because I

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<v Speaker 6>was really really interested in that side of it. But

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<v Speaker 6>I have a kind of a tune for for you,

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<v Speaker 6>you know, one I'd really like to learn more about

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<v Speaker 6>the process of predicting these because you know, I think

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<v Speaker 6>if I remember right, the sun is like on an

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<v Speaker 6>eleven year magnetic cycle, and I really want to know

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<v Speaker 6>what it's like for you over at Noah, trying to

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<v Speaker 6>like nail down when these solar storms are going to happen,

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<v Speaker 6>the mass ejections, the coronal mass ejections. And then secondly,

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<v Speaker 6>i'd love to know what you think about the impact

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<v Speaker 6>of climate change and if that will make these ejections

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<v Speaker 6>more pronounced, and how it'll impact us on Earth. So

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<v Speaker 6>I'd love to hear your thoughts.

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<v Speaker 3>Hi, Nicole, thanks for calling in, Thanks for those sets

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<v Speaker 3>of questions. Yeah, forecasting space weather's hard. You know, most

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<v Speaker 3>of my career has been in regular terrestrial meteorology, and

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<v Speaker 3>at the time I thought that was difficult. But it's

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<v Speaker 3>gotten a lot better, right, We've had better models, We've

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<v Speaker 3>got all sorts of observation platforms and satellites and lightning

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<v Speaker 3>detection systems, and we're getting really good. Now we can

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<v Speaker 3>predict a winter storm seven to ten days in advance,

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<v Speaker 3>and then as we get closer we just start to

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<v Speaker 3>iron out how much snow, what the actual swath is

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<v Speaker 3>going to be, and all that decision support kicks in.

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<v Speaker 3>But for space, whether trying to forecast some storm coming

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<v Speaker 3>from the sun ninety three million miles away, and whether

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<v Speaker 3>or not it's going to hit our tiny little blue

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<v Speaker 3>marble is very difficult because even though these coronal mass

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<v Speaker 3>ejections that you mentioned, these CMEs, for people that don't know,

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<v Speaker 3>these are blasts of solar material, billions of tons of

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<v Speaker 3>it in fact, heading out into space and enormous speeds

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<v Speaker 3>or can be extreme speeds, and they also carry along

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<v Speaker 3>with it a very strong embedded magnetic field stretching out

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<v Speaker 3>into space. That's what we're really concerned about is the

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<v Speaker 3>initial arrival of those CMEs that earth like a direct blow,

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<v Speaker 3>and then the CME. So though I guess that don't

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<v Speaker 3>understand the progression of these, think I know something you're

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<v Speaker 3>familiar with, right, A really strong Arctic cold front coming

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<v Speaker 3>in from the north, very strong one. You'll get that

420
00:23:55.680 --> 00:23:58.279
<v Speaker 3>wind blast as the cold front moves through. Same thing

421
00:23:58.319 --> 00:24:00.440
<v Speaker 3>with the CMEME. We get hit by the shot front

422
00:24:00.480 --> 00:24:03.400
<v Speaker 3>of this thing, and then comes the colder air from

423
00:24:03.400 --> 00:24:06.000
<v Speaker 3>the air mass pooling into your area. Same thing here

424
00:24:06.039 --> 00:24:08.839
<v Speaker 3>with the CME. Now we get the strong magnetic field

425
00:24:08.880 --> 00:24:11.519
<v Speaker 3>showing up along with it, and we never know what

426
00:24:11.599 --> 00:24:14.720
<v Speaker 3>that's gonna be, Nicole, until it gets one million miles

427
00:24:14.720 --> 00:24:17.200
<v Speaker 3>from Earth, so it's already made. It's ninety two million

428
00:24:17.240 --> 00:24:20.359
<v Speaker 3>mile journey. We've seen the CME, we've analyzed it, we've

429
00:24:20.359 --> 00:24:22.960
<v Speaker 3>done model runs on it, but we don't have any

430
00:24:22.960 --> 00:24:26.279
<v Speaker 3>idea what it actually is light, how strong the magnetic

431
00:24:26.279 --> 00:24:29.079
<v Speaker 3>field is, is it favorable to connect with Earth or not?

432
00:24:30.119 --> 00:24:32.559
<v Speaker 3>Until it gets one million miles away. That's when we

433
00:24:32.599 --> 00:24:35.559
<v Speaker 3>can see the structure of the ames with our observation

434
00:24:35.640 --> 00:24:38.400
<v Speaker 3>platforms out there. And as far as the second part

435
00:24:38.400 --> 00:24:41.640
<v Speaker 3>of your question goes, it's not so much a concern

436
00:24:41.720 --> 00:24:45.240
<v Speaker 3>about affecting climate. There are studies going on long term

437
00:24:45.240 --> 00:24:47.960
<v Speaker 3>studies to see if over a solar cycles some that

438
00:24:47.960 --> 00:24:50.599
<v Speaker 3>don't respond as usual. There may be some correlation to

439
00:24:51.599 --> 00:24:55.160
<v Speaker 3>changes in climate, but I don't have I'm not an

440
00:24:55.200 --> 00:24:57.359
<v Speaker 3>expert on any of that. What I can speak to

441
00:24:57.559 --> 00:25:01.000
<v Speaker 3>is we have grave concerns right now because of the

442
00:25:01.039 --> 00:25:06.119
<v Speaker 3>effects of climates differing. We've had more frequencies, more frequent

443
00:25:06.160 --> 00:25:09.799
<v Speaker 3>occurrences of super strong heat waves that affect so many people,

444
00:25:10.720 --> 00:25:13.880
<v Speaker 3>drastic weather changes, flooding events, but the heat waves of

445
00:25:13.920 --> 00:25:17.039
<v Speaker 3>particular are very concerning because when the power grid suffers

446
00:25:17.079 --> 00:25:20.240
<v Speaker 3>from a severe extreme geomagnetic storm and the things they

447
00:25:20.240 --> 00:25:22.480
<v Speaker 3>are dealing with their If you combine that with a

448
00:25:22.599 --> 00:25:27.559
<v Speaker 3>major restural heat wave going on, that's a problem. They

449
00:25:27.599 --> 00:25:32.240
<v Speaker 3>will have a very difficult time mitigating the situation for sure.

450
00:25:32.359 --> 00:25:34.799
<v Speaker 6>Well, great information. Thank you so much, Sean, and thank

451
00:25:34.839 --> 00:25:37.039
<v Speaker 6>you Dan for covering this topic. I'm loving this.

452
00:25:37.720 --> 00:25:40.319
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. We talked with Sean about a week and a

453
00:25:40.359 --> 00:25:43.839
<v Speaker 2>half ago, and I just thought that again, I'm not

454
00:25:44.240 --> 00:25:48.319
<v Speaker 2>this is not my wheelhouse, and I'm learning and listening.

455
00:25:48.400 --> 00:25:50.440
<v Speaker 2>I know your interest in it, and I'm so appreciati the

456
00:25:50.519 --> 00:25:52.720
<v Speaker 2>fact that you called in on this one. And you know,

457
00:25:52.880 --> 00:25:54.279
<v Speaker 2>I just want to make a quick comment about the

458
00:25:54.279 --> 00:25:58.480
<v Speaker 2>difficulty of weather forecasting when you think about how many

459
00:25:58.599 --> 00:26:02.759
<v Speaker 2>times and sewn. This is not an indictment of weather forecasters,

460
00:26:02.799 --> 00:26:05.440
<v Speaker 2>trust me, but you know they'll say this or storm

461
00:26:05.480 --> 00:26:07.960
<v Speaker 2>coming or whatever. I think about this situation down in

462
00:26:08.000 --> 00:26:11.759
<v Speaker 2>Florida where Hurricane Helene went through and did a lot

463
00:26:11.799 --> 00:26:14.720
<v Speaker 2>of damage, and then Hurricane Milton was coming behind it

464
00:26:14.759 --> 00:26:18.319
<v Speaker 2>a few days later, and all the forecasters down there,

465
00:26:18.440 --> 00:26:21.119
<v Speaker 2>to my recollection, was saying as bad as Helene was,

466
00:26:21.200 --> 00:26:23.240
<v Speaker 2>Milton's going to be worse. They were saying that the

467
00:26:24.200 --> 00:26:26.759
<v Speaker 2>waves coming in instead of being just eight feet high.

468
00:26:26.799 --> 00:26:30.119
<v Speaker 2>I saw pictures of weather forecasters standing on step ladders

469
00:26:30.119 --> 00:26:34.359
<v Speaker 2>above basketball basketball nets was through ten feet high and

470
00:26:34.359 --> 00:26:37.200
<v Speaker 2>saying it's going to be close to thirteen fourteen feet high.

471
00:26:37.559 --> 00:26:40.960
<v Speaker 2>It wasn't. Helene was actually I think the tougher storm.

472
00:26:41.119 --> 00:26:44.000
<v Speaker 2>And also the advantage of Milton was it just cut

473
00:26:44.039 --> 00:26:48.119
<v Speaker 2>through Florida, didn't touch Georgia or South Carolina or North

474
00:26:48.119 --> 00:26:53.359
<v Speaker 2>Carolina or Tennessee. So they nailed Helene. But I'm not

475
00:26:53.400 --> 00:26:56.920
<v Speaker 2>sure that the weather forecasters did as good a job

476
00:26:57.039 --> 00:26:59.960
<v Speaker 2>on Milton. And I don't know. I'll get a call

477
00:27:00.240 --> 00:27:01.960
<v Speaker 2>from either of you and that it just talks about

478
00:27:01.960 --> 00:27:06.400
<v Speaker 2>the difficulty of predicting stuff dealing with weather, never mind

479
00:27:06.440 --> 00:27:10.279
<v Speaker 2>stuff that's ninety three million miles away. I stand in RPP.

480
00:27:10.640 --> 00:27:11.400
<v Speaker 2>We try to do it.

481
00:27:12.720 --> 00:27:15.079
<v Speaker 6>I'm going to defer to Sean because I'm just a fan,

482
00:27:15.200 --> 00:27:18.559
<v Speaker 6>not an expert. So I'm all, this is all you, Sean, go.

483
00:27:18.440 --> 00:27:20.519
<v Speaker 2>Ahead, Sean, Yeah, Dad.

484
00:27:20.839 --> 00:27:25.839
<v Speaker 3>You know, the so much of mainstreams and terrestrial weather,

485
00:27:25.920 --> 00:27:29.160
<v Speaker 3>what we call synoptic weather, has gotten much easier to

486
00:27:29.200 --> 00:27:32.640
<v Speaker 3>predict and forecast and refining it down. You know, hurricanes

487
00:27:32.720 --> 00:27:34.960
<v Speaker 3>is a different battle as well. We've got our battle

488
00:27:34.960 --> 00:27:37.319
<v Speaker 3>with space weather and what's going on the sun. Hurricanes

489
00:27:37.359 --> 00:27:40.240
<v Speaker 3>are these massive systems, and many times they do an

490
00:27:40.240 --> 00:27:43.480
<v Speaker 3>excellent job the models that they scrutinize, the expertise that

491
00:27:43.519 --> 00:27:46.119
<v Speaker 3>goes into that of predicting the pan, the path or

492
00:27:46.200 --> 00:27:49.920
<v Speaker 3>cone of these hurricanes, right, But sometimes they you just

493
00:27:49.960 --> 00:27:52.599
<v Speaker 3>don't get all the information. Things start to change more

494
00:27:52.680 --> 00:27:57.519
<v Speaker 3>rapidly than you think from Helen enormous flooding issues afterwards

495
00:27:57.559 --> 00:28:00.680
<v Speaker 3>as it got deeper into the Carolinas and Tennessee, and yeah,

496
00:28:00.759 --> 00:28:03.079
<v Speaker 3>you know, how would you figure that's coming? And then

497
00:28:03.119 --> 00:28:06.640
<v Speaker 3>the tornado outbreak for Milton was a really catastrophic part

498
00:28:06.640 --> 00:28:09.000
<v Speaker 3>of that whole storm. I mean, there's just still so

499
00:28:09.079 --> 00:28:11.400
<v Speaker 3>many nuances, even terrestrial weather to figure out.

500
00:28:11.680 --> 00:28:14.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah more, what I'm just saying is it's difficult to

501
00:28:16.119 --> 00:28:19.319
<v Speaker 2>even you know, again, we were told Milton was going

502
00:28:19.359 --> 00:28:21.759
<v Speaker 2>to be Now Milton did have a higher death total

503
00:28:21.799 --> 00:28:25.799
<v Speaker 2>I think than Helene, but in terms of the damage,

504
00:28:25.839 --> 00:28:28.880
<v Speaker 2>the length of the it just it just shows to

505
00:28:28.920 --> 00:28:31.200
<v Speaker 2>me how tough it is. It's almost like if you

506
00:28:31.279 --> 00:28:34.599
<v Speaker 2>watch a golf tournament and someone hits a two hundred

507
00:28:34.599 --> 00:28:39.039
<v Speaker 2>and fifty yard shot, you know, four feet from the

508
00:28:39.079 --> 00:28:41.319
<v Speaker 2>pin and then they missed the putt. It's like, how

509
00:28:41.319 --> 00:28:43.079
<v Speaker 2>can you hit a two hundred and fifty yard shot

510
00:28:43.200 --> 00:28:45.559
<v Speaker 2>that close to the pin? Everybody should be able to

511
00:28:45.559 --> 00:28:48.400
<v Speaker 2>make that putt, but sometimes it doesn't work. That's the

512
00:28:48.680 --> 00:28:51.119
<v Speaker 2>that's the only metaphor I can I can compare it to.

513
00:28:52.319 --> 00:28:53.920
<v Speaker 6>Whether it's an imperfect science.

514
00:28:54.039 --> 00:28:56.839
<v Speaker 2>My friend, you bet you thanks to Gold. We'll talk soon.

515
00:28:56.839 --> 00:28:58.200
<v Speaker 2>We see you soon. Okay, thanks so.

516
00:28:58.240 --> 00:29:01.640
<v Speaker 3>Much, No problem, think, Sean, listen to this.

517
00:29:01.720 --> 00:29:03.759
<v Speaker 2>Let's try we get one more quick call in here

518
00:29:03.799 --> 00:29:06.880
<v Speaker 2>before our break. And again, I'm just interested in what

519
00:29:06.880 --> 00:29:08.839
<v Speaker 2>people are going to ask. Rob is in Ohio. Rob,

520
00:29:08.880 --> 00:29:11.759
<v Speaker 2>you go right ahead. You're next with Sean Dahle, Space

521
00:29:11.880 --> 00:29:14.160
<v Speaker 2>weather forecaster with Noah, go right ahead.

522
00:29:15.160 --> 00:29:20.440
<v Speaker 3>What happened in Southern Airline Spike two four two nurse package?

523
00:29:20.559 --> 00:29:22.920
<v Speaker 2>I have no idea this is. This is a crank

524
00:29:23.039 --> 00:29:25.440
<v Speaker 2>caller who we occasionally get. And so we will get

525
00:29:25.519 --> 00:29:29.119
<v Speaker 2>rid of this crank caller. I recognize his voice. We'll

526
00:29:29.200 --> 00:29:32.960
<v Speaker 2>just lose them. Guys, don't need them, We're gone. We

527
00:29:33.039 --> 00:29:35.319
<v Speaker 2>have these guys who, for some reason, no matter what

528
00:29:35.359 --> 00:29:38.480
<v Speaker 2>you're talking about, they want to call and they we

529
00:29:38.599 --> 00:29:43.759
<v Speaker 2>opened phone lines up. Sorry, uh, Sean will take quick break.

530
00:29:43.839 --> 00:29:46.000
<v Speaker 2>I got Steve from Fort Devons, of course, which was

531
00:29:46.039 --> 00:29:49.960
<v Speaker 2>a military installation here in Massachusetts for decades, and Jack

532
00:29:50.039 --> 00:29:51.960
<v Speaker 2>down to the Cape. If anyone else wants to join us.

533
00:29:52.000 --> 00:29:55.519
<v Speaker 2>Six one, seven, two, five, four, ten thirty is the number.

534
00:29:55.599 --> 00:30:00.839
<v Speaker 2>Rob was actually from Ohio, but he some issues. We'll

535
00:30:00.880 --> 00:30:03.200
<v Speaker 2>be back after this on Nightside.

536
00:30:04.039 --> 00:30:07.039
<v Speaker 1>Now back to Dan Ray live from the Window World

537
00:30:07.160 --> 00:30:10.640
<v Speaker 1>nights Side Studios on WBZ News Radio.

538
00:30:11.279 --> 00:30:14.720
<v Speaker 2>My guest is Seandall. He's a space weather forecaster. It's

539
00:30:14.720 --> 00:30:18.319
<v Speaker 2>a big realm of forecasting here and something we're going

540
00:30:18.359 --> 00:30:21.839
<v Speaker 2>to be hearing more of as the years go by.

541
00:30:21.960 --> 00:30:27.440
<v Speaker 2>He's working with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Next

542
00:30:27.519 --> 00:30:32.000
<v Speaker 2>up from Fort Devons, Massachusetts, Steve, Steve, welcome, you are

543
00:30:32.079 --> 00:30:34.039
<v Speaker 2>next on nice. I appreciate you calling in. You're next

544
00:30:34.079 --> 00:30:35.359
<v Speaker 2>with Seandal Gorighthead. Steve.

545
00:30:36.359 --> 00:30:42.000
<v Speaker 3>Hey, Dan, how are you doing? Thanks for having me cms. Wow,

546
00:30:42.279 --> 00:30:48.839
<v Speaker 3>they are something right. They can devastate everything from electronics

547
00:30:48.880 --> 00:30:53.920
<v Speaker 3>to infrastruction to you name it. The military though, that's

548
00:30:53.960 --> 00:30:58.480
<v Speaker 3>what we call a Faraday case on every vehicle everything.

549
00:30:58.559 --> 00:31:02.799
<v Speaker 3>So actually you didn't hear that from me. But anyhow,

550
00:31:03.279 --> 00:31:06.559
<v Speaker 3>if people want to concern because these are going to

551
00:31:06.599 --> 00:31:09.200
<v Speaker 3>be happening more and more often because we're seeing the

552
00:31:09.759 --> 00:31:14.359
<v Speaker 3>Aurora borealis coming through and that's from a cme. Also,

553
00:31:15.079 --> 00:31:19.559
<v Speaker 3>so what people can do to protect themselves, right, because

554
00:31:19.799 --> 00:31:23.039
<v Speaker 3>what's going to happen anyone who has an elective vehicle

555
00:31:23.519 --> 00:31:24.680
<v Speaker 3>to get it? It's done.

556
00:31:25.160 --> 00:31:27.200
<v Speaker 2>See, let me let me do this if I could, Steve,

557
00:31:27.480 --> 00:31:30.000
<v Speaker 2>could I get you to direct the question to my guest.

558
00:31:30.079 --> 00:31:32.079
<v Speaker 2>The sounds to me like you know a lot about

559
00:31:32.079 --> 00:31:34.640
<v Speaker 2>this stuff, but I suspect the guest wh would love

560
00:31:34.680 --> 00:31:38.839
<v Speaker 2>to have a question and they all need Yeah, yeah.

561
00:31:40.799 --> 00:31:45.359
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, Steve, thanks for calling in. Let's make one distinction

562
00:31:45.519 --> 00:31:49.160
<v Speaker 3>here because there's sometimes confusion. I'm not saying you're having

563
00:31:49.200 --> 00:31:53.680
<v Speaker 3>it here. But there's a something called electromagnetic pulses and

564
00:31:53.759 --> 00:31:58.279
<v Speaker 3>there's something called geomedically induced currents. So the genies the

565
00:31:58.319 --> 00:32:02.359
<v Speaker 3>geomagnetically induced currents are these geomainnetic storms from the sun costs.

566
00:32:02.920 --> 00:32:05.880
<v Speaker 3>The good news for you and for everybody is that

567
00:32:06.400 --> 00:32:10.799
<v Speaker 3>those storms will not affect like your home appliances. They

568
00:32:10.839 --> 00:32:14.759
<v Speaker 3>won't affect the transmission lines running from a small capacitor

569
00:32:14.799 --> 00:32:17.519
<v Speaker 3>to your home. But those storms effect, on the other hand,

570
00:32:17.559 --> 00:32:21.640
<v Speaker 3>are the high voltage transmission lines and the huge transformers

571
00:32:21.680 --> 00:32:26.440
<v Speaker 3>that direct and control that current distribution. That's why when

572
00:32:26.480 --> 00:32:30.160
<v Speaker 3>we have a geomayaneting storm that's so extreme, our concern

573
00:32:30.319 --> 00:32:31.880
<v Speaker 3>is that the power grid is going to go down,

574
00:32:32.039 --> 00:32:34.720
<v Speaker 3>not for just the city block, not for a county,

575
00:32:35.240 --> 00:32:37.880
<v Speaker 3>not just the state, but a number of states where

576
00:32:37.880 --> 00:32:43.160
<v Speaker 3>one hundreds of people could lose power. An electromagnetic pulse,

577
00:32:43.240 --> 00:32:45.880
<v Speaker 3>on the other hand, that's something usually associated with things

578
00:32:46.000 --> 00:32:51.079
<v Speaker 3>like nuclear detonations. Now that kind of thing will trick

579
00:32:51.200 --> 00:32:54.720
<v Speaker 3>vehicles and things to that extent. So just to make

580
00:32:54.759 --> 00:32:58.079
<v Speaker 3>sure that everybody understands that as far as our science

581
00:32:58.160 --> 00:33:02.079
<v Speaker 3>knows and understands, these Geomania storm so far do not

582
00:33:02.240 --> 00:33:06.319
<v Speaker 3>have any direct impact on our electric vehicles. That's not

583
00:33:06.440 --> 00:33:09.039
<v Speaker 3>to say they don't on their GPS systems, but fortunately

584
00:33:09.079 --> 00:33:12.279
<v Speaker 3>they have other measures in place, sensors that tell where

585
00:33:12.279 --> 00:33:13.720
<v Speaker 3>they're out in the road and things, so we don't

586
00:33:13.759 --> 00:33:17.119
<v Speaker 3>anticipate any problems there. But these are the conversations we

587
00:33:17.200 --> 00:33:19.839
<v Speaker 3>continue to have as technology develops. We do know that

588
00:33:19.960 --> 00:33:23.960
<v Speaker 3>the storm and may Steve maybe had some effect on

589
00:33:24.079 --> 00:33:26.880
<v Speaker 3>some Bluetooth devices. They're still trying to figure out whether

590
00:33:26.960 --> 00:33:29.880
<v Speaker 3>that's actually true and correlatable or not. But there may

591
00:33:29.960 --> 00:33:32.279
<v Speaker 3>have been something like that going on. But as far

592
00:33:32.359 --> 00:33:38.759
<v Speaker 3>as any direct impact to somebody's home or their electronic appliances, no,

593
00:33:38.960 --> 00:33:41.319
<v Speaker 3>we don't know of anything like that that happens from

594
00:33:41.359 --> 00:33:47.559
<v Speaker 3>these storms. Right by the way, the level of the storm.

595
00:33:47.920 --> 00:33:49.000
<v Speaker 3>They hold up.

596
00:33:48.960 --> 00:33:51.400
<v Speaker 2>For one second, Steve, can you hear us? Just hold

597
00:33:51.480 --> 00:33:56.319
<v Speaker 2>up for one second the point that my guests just made. Sean,

598
00:33:56.720 --> 00:34:01.480
<v Speaker 2>there's a book. We've interviewed this author before about electronic

599
00:34:01.680 --> 00:34:06.079
<v Speaker 2>magnetic pulses EMPs. His name is Ray Gorram. The book

600
00:34:06.160 --> 00:34:08.800
<v Speaker 2>is seventy seven Days in September. It's been out a while,

601
00:34:09.480 --> 00:34:12.119
<v Speaker 2>but I found it to be a fascinating book about

602
00:34:12.199 --> 00:34:15.519
<v Speaker 2>what would happen if all the power grids went down,

603
00:34:15.840 --> 00:34:21.639
<v Speaker 2>and this his hypothetical involved some small country exploding a

604
00:34:21.719 --> 00:34:24.440
<v Speaker 2>couple of small nuclear bombs over the US and wiping

605
00:34:24.480 --> 00:34:29.440
<v Speaker 2>out the grid. And it's a tough book to read

606
00:34:29.599 --> 00:34:32.599
<v Speaker 2>in terms of you realize that there are people out

607
00:34:32.599 --> 00:34:34.440
<v Speaker 2>there who would love to take the grid down. And

608
00:34:36.039 --> 00:34:38.360
<v Speaker 2>I know that Sean knows probably much more about this

609
00:34:38.480 --> 00:34:40.679
<v Speaker 2>than I do. But what the book I was referring

610
00:34:40.679 --> 00:34:42.800
<v Speaker 2>to today was written by a fellow named Ray Gorum

611
00:34:43.320 --> 00:34:48.159
<v Speaker 2>seventy seven days in September. I'm looking at edit right now.

612
00:34:49.320 --> 00:34:51.440
<v Speaker 2>Go ahead, Steve. You with the final comment that you

613
00:34:51.480 --> 00:34:51.960
<v Speaker 2>wanted to make it.

614
00:34:52.320 --> 00:34:58.679
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, yeah, I do so. Prior to President Obamama believe

615
00:34:58.760 --> 00:35:04.920
<v Speaker 3>in UH is UH you know, in the January time there,

616
00:35:05.519 --> 00:35:09.320
<v Speaker 3>he made an executive order to I don't know if

617
00:35:09.360 --> 00:35:17.960
<v Speaker 3>anyone's aware of this, to for incoming inbound UH particles

618
00:35:19.760 --> 00:35:24.599
<v Speaker 3>projections from the sun or from space. And it mainly

619
00:35:24.840 --> 00:35:27.519
<v Speaker 3>is from the Sun because now we're studying in the

620
00:35:27.639 --> 00:35:34.119
<v Speaker 3>sun in the CMEs. Now that they're not let's look

621
00:35:34.199 --> 00:35:36.440
<v Speaker 3>at the Carriken event for instance.

622
00:35:38.679 --> 00:35:40.920
<v Speaker 2>You're giving me way too much information here, and I

623
00:35:41.000 --> 00:35:41.360
<v Speaker 2>got out.

624
00:35:41.400 --> 00:35:49.360
<v Speaker 3>The big thing is people protect themselves for an event

625
00:35:49.559 --> 00:35:52.440
<v Speaker 3>like this. It's an event. We had an event that

626
00:35:52.639 --> 00:35:56.360
<v Speaker 3>was a level event for when if it gets to

627
00:35:56.440 --> 00:36:00.360
<v Speaker 3>a level event eight or higher and it's bound to happen.

628
00:36:00.800 --> 00:36:03.760
<v Speaker 2>Okay, great, Steve, Thank you for the warning. Steve, I

629
00:36:03.840 --> 00:36:06.880
<v Speaker 2>gotta I gotta accommodate. A couple of other callers, very

630
00:36:06.960 --> 00:36:09.639
<v Speaker 2>interesting observations. Thank you very much. Let me go next

631
00:36:09.679 --> 00:36:11.800
<v Speaker 2>to Jack Down of the Cape. Jack on Cape Cod

632
00:36:11.840 --> 00:36:16.320
<v Speaker 2>you're next on nice side with my guest Sean Dahl awesome.

633
00:36:17.199 --> 00:36:17.320
<v Speaker 3>Uh.

634
00:36:17.679 --> 00:36:23.280
<v Speaker 5>The fact that we're experiencing Aurora down here on Cape

635
00:36:23.360 --> 00:36:28.480
<v Speaker 5>cod and below to me, indicates that the magnetos magnique

636
00:36:28.599 --> 00:36:35.639
<v Speaker 5>magnetosphere density is weakened. And so, uh, my concern. And

637
00:36:35.719 --> 00:36:37.599
<v Speaker 5>I've got two points. I'm going to put one point.

638
00:36:37.639 --> 00:36:38.679
<v Speaker 5>I'll follow to the other point.

639
00:36:38.760 --> 00:36:40.400
<v Speaker 2>You got to be quick, Okay, I got you some

640
00:36:40.519 --> 00:36:42.000
<v Speaker 2>time here, but you got to be a little quicker

641
00:36:42.039 --> 00:36:42.920
<v Speaker 2>than Steve. Go ahead.

642
00:36:43.639 --> 00:36:43.840
<v Speaker 3>Good.

643
00:36:44.599 --> 00:36:50.760
<v Speaker 5>Uh, the magnetosphere and its potential oscillation to a poll

644
00:36:50.840 --> 00:36:54.679
<v Speaker 5>shift and what would that indicate? And I think we're

645
00:36:54.800 --> 00:36:59.599
<v Speaker 5>looking at some indications. The second point, Danu, the power grid,

646
00:37:00.199 --> 00:37:03.599
<v Speaker 5>the AC and the DC, the high voltage versus the

647
00:37:03.679 --> 00:37:06.119
<v Speaker 5>low voltage, Dan, I want you to look into this.

648
00:37:06.639 --> 00:37:09.639
<v Speaker 5>There were there were back in the AC DC Edison

649
00:37:09.760 --> 00:37:13.840
<v Speaker 5>Tesla days, Wars on Current. We got to look into

650
00:37:13.880 --> 00:37:15.480
<v Speaker 5>this and bring it up on another show.

651
00:37:15.760 --> 00:37:18.079
<v Speaker 2>So yes, send me some information on that. Let me

652
00:37:18.239 --> 00:37:21.039
<v Speaker 2>let me get my guests to respond to the first

653
00:37:21.079 --> 00:37:23.320
<v Speaker 2>point you made, Sean go right ahead.

654
00:37:25.199 --> 00:37:28.639
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, the you know when the CMEs interact with Earth's

655
00:37:28.679 --> 00:37:32.159
<v Speaker 3>protective magnetic barrier, that's what he's talking about the magnetosphere.

656
00:37:32.880 --> 00:37:37.480
<v Speaker 3>This is how all the interaction happens. This interaction changes

657
00:37:37.679 --> 00:37:41.880
<v Speaker 3>the structure and causes currents of energy to naturally flow

658
00:37:41.960 --> 00:37:44.079
<v Speaker 3>all the time because we're always connected to the sun.

659
00:37:44.119 --> 00:37:48.480
<v Speaker 3>It's just the CMEs exasperated. These natural currents they flow

660
00:37:48.559 --> 00:37:51.320
<v Speaker 3>and they build up on these high voltage transmission lines,

661
00:37:51.360 --> 00:37:54.800
<v Speaker 3>and these high voltage transmission lines ferry hundreds of thousands

662
00:37:54.840 --> 00:37:58.400
<v Speaker 3>of volts of electricity across miles and miles from Canada

663
00:37:58.480 --> 00:38:02.599
<v Speaker 3>down across our country, and it's that connection that builds

664
00:38:02.679 --> 00:38:04.960
<v Speaker 3>up these currents. Look for shortcuts, right. That's why we're

665
00:38:04.960 --> 00:38:06.960
<v Speaker 3>told not to put a fork in an electric socket

666
00:38:06.960 --> 00:38:10.000
<v Speaker 3>as a kid, because that electricity walls shoot out there

667
00:38:10.039 --> 00:38:13.519
<v Speaker 3>and get into your body. Same thing here, these electrical currents.

668
00:38:13.559 --> 00:38:16.639
<v Speaker 3>If the ground that we live on is highly resistive

669
00:38:16.719 --> 00:38:19.440
<v Speaker 3>to current, it's going to look for those shortcuts naturally,

670
00:38:19.840 --> 00:38:21.760
<v Speaker 3>and that's how they find them. So there's some areas

671
00:38:21.800 --> 00:38:24.480
<v Speaker 3>of our country that are more prone to those build

672
00:38:24.599 --> 00:38:28.199
<v Speaker 3>ups of electrical energy. Direct current, in relation to the

673
00:38:28.239 --> 00:38:30.519
<v Speaker 3>point that was just made, showing up on an alternating

674
00:38:30.559 --> 00:38:33.280
<v Speaker 3>current system is not good. It causes all sorts of

675
00:38:33.320 --> 00:38:36.159
<v Speaker 3>anomalies and it builds up in overheats transformers. If it's

676
00:38:36.199 --> 00:38:38.679
<v Speaker 3>not accounted for. So I think that's the you know,

677
00:38:38.760 --> 00:38:40.440
<v Speaker 3>in relation to the point I can come up with

678
00:38:40.599 --> 00:38:42.719
<v Speaker 3>it with the caller just talked about.

679
00:38:43.679 --> 00:38:47.000
<v Speaker 2>All right, Jack, appreciate it. Send me information on that

680
00:38:47.119 --> 00:38:49.039
<v Speaker 2>second point and maybe I can put a sheltergether the

681
00:38:49.119 --> 00:38:53.400
<v Speaker 2>for us. Okay, we'll do sure, Dan or Noah will

682
00:38:53.400 --> 00:38:55.280
<v Speaker 2>give you my direct emails so you can send it

683
00:38:55.360 --> 00:38:57.360
<v Speaker 2>to me and I'll respond to you. I want to

684
00:38:57.400 --> 00:39:00.519
<v Speaker 2>thank you very much, Sean. Again, I've learned a lot,

685
00:39:01.280 --> 00:39:04.239
<v Speaker 2>but in learning a lot, I now realize how much

686
00:39:04.320 --> 00:39:07.960
<v Speaker 2>I need to learn. I'll tell you there's nothing that

687
00:39:08.159 --> 00:39:11.400
<v Speaker 2>was asked that you did not bring clarification to and

688
00:39:11.480 --> 00:39:12.880
<v Speaker 2>I just want to say thank you very much for

689
00:39:12.960 --> 00:39:17.480
<v Speaker 2>your time tonight and as we go on over the

690
00:39:17.559 --> 00:39:19.480
<v Speaker 2>next few months in the next few years. Love to

691
00:39:19.559 --> 00:39:22.119
<v Speaker 2>have you back here and talk more about it, because

692
00:39:22.159 --> 00:39:23.880
<v Speaker 2>it sounds to me like this is an area of

693
00:39:24.000 --> 00:39:28.320
<v Speaker 2>science that is going to explode literally and figuratively in

694
00:39:28.400 --> 00:39:29.079
<v Speaker 2>the years ahead.

695
00:39:30.599 --> 00:39:32.599
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, thanks Dan, thanks for having me back. Glad to

696
00:39:32.639 --> 00:39:34.920
<v Speaker 3>come back anytime. And we're in the grips of solar

697
00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:38.000
<v Speaker 3>maximum that was just announced for this cycle last week

698
00:39:38.079 --> 00:39:41.760
<v Speaker 3>by NASA Noah joint conference. But it doesn't mean we're

699
00:39:41.800 --> 00:39:43.840
<v Speaker 3>on our way down. We still got all of this year,

700
00:39:44.199 --> 00:39:46.679
<v Speaker 3>all of next year, and even into twenty twenty six.

701
00:39:46.880 --> 00:39:50.480
<v Speaker 3>Some of the strongest storms in history have been two

702
00:39:50.599 --> 00:39:54.000
<v Speaker 3>years after solar maximum, so we've still got an issue

703
00:39:54.039 --> 00:39:56.360
<v Speaker 3>to deal with over the next couple of years. So

704
00:39:56.559 --> 00:39:58.199
<v Speaker 3>space where there's still going to be a story to

705
00:39:58.239 --> 00:39:59.079
<v Speaker 3>be talked about.

706
00:39:59.400 --> 00:40:02.480
<v Speaker 2>Sounds great. Sean. I really appreciate your time. I can't

707
00:40:02.480 --> 00:40:04.320
<v Speaker 2>tell you much. I appreciate your time if this is

708
00:40:04.360 --> 00:40:07.039
<v Speaker 2>an area that that fascinates me, and I wish I

709
00:40:07.119 --> 00:40:11.679
<v Speaker 2>had studied harder in science classes and a little less

710
00:40:11.679 --> 00:40:15.159
<v Speaker 2>English than poly side. Thanks so much, Sean, appreciate the call. Okay,

711
00:40:15.559 --> 00:40:16.320
<v Speaker 2>thank you very much.

712
00:40:16.440 --> 00:40:16.679
<v Speaker 4>Thank you.

713
00:40:17.519 --> 00:40:19.960
<v Speaker 2>You're very welcome. Thank you. We're going to take quick break.

714
00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:22.639
<v Speaker 2>Eleven o'clock news is here, as is the eleven o'clock

715
00:40:22.719 --> 00:40:24.920
<v Speaker 2>hour just around the corner, and we'll be back on nightside.