WEBVTT 1 00:00:01.120 --> 00:00:03.640 I want to welcome everyone back to the Pekanana show. 2 00:00:03.879 --> 00:00:08.000 I'm here with Thomas and building off of the episode 3 00:00:08.720 --> 00:00:13.640 that we the Deviation episode from thirty the Thirty Years War, 4 00:00:16.320 --> 00:00:20.879 in the same in the same subject matter, Thomas is 5 00:00:20.920 --> 00:00:23.760 gonna jump in, so take it away, Thomas. 6 00:00:25.760 --> 00:00:28.199 I wanted to talk about. 7 00:00:29.399 --> 00:00:33.600 The relationship of the Third Right to the Islamic World, 8 00:00:33.799 --> 00:00:44.000 specifically Palestine, and Palestine was absolutely affiliated with the access 9 00:00:44.039 --> 00:00:48.840 powers in direct capacities, and there is very good offices 10 00:00:49.039 --> 00:00:53.200 between the Fear and the Grand Mufti ol Hussini, who, 11 00:00:53.240 --> 00:00:58.679 despite what propaganda and mainstream history suggests he was a 12 00:00:59.759 --> 00:01:02.479 he came from a lineage that very much had a 13 00:01:02.520 --> 00:01:06.159 claim to the manual of leadership in Palestine and from 14 00:01:06.159 --> 00:01:11.120 a very proud lineage that was and remains very respected 15 00:01:11.840 --> 00:01:19.640 among the Palestinians across the sectarian divide, Christian and Mauslim. 16 00:01:19.840 --> 00:01:24.439 In order to understand that relationship, though, it's important to 17 00:01:24.480 --> 00:01:28.760 deal with the relations between the German Reich in the 18 00:01:28.799 --> 00:01:35.560 Islamic World generally, and early on, the Third Reich viewed 19 00:01:36.079 --> 00:01:41.799 the Islamic World not in reductionist terms, but as very 20 00:01:41.879 --> 00:01:49.159 much a political force that had momentum in the historical process. 21 00:01:49.640 --> 00:01:53.760 But that also was an important ally to the cultivated 22 00:01:53.799 --> 00:01:58.280 in the war against Bullshevism and Jewry as they viewed it. 23 00:02:00.079 --> 00:02:04.799 And this wasn't just pragmatic. There was a basic affinity 24 00:02:04.879 --> 00:02:13.439 there with some qualifications, and this is important. And it's 25 00:02:13.439 --> 00:02:17.639 impossible to talk about this with people in interrational manner 26 00:02:17.919 --> 00:02:20.159 because they just go berserk if you mentioned Islam. 27 00:02:20.280 --> 00:02:21.639 They've been that brainwashed. 28 00:02:21.680 --> 00:02:27.039 Some of these people are just incredibly stupid, but you know, 29 00:02:27.319 --> 00:02:33.199 the majority continues to take their cues from legacy media 30 00:02:33.800 --> 00:02:38.039 and from regime ideologies. The only thing comparable to it 31 00:02:38.080 --> 00:02:41.919 is people go utterly berserk if I attack the president. 32 00:02:42.240 --> 00:02:43.800 I don't know what they think the president is doing 33 00:02:43.800 --> 00:02:45.879 for them lately, or why they think he's in some 34 00:02:46.000 --> 00:02:51.560 incredible personage. But you know, I'm not here to make 35 00:02:51.599 --> 00:02:56.000 friends or to try and convert stupid people to make 36 00:02:56.039 --> 00:02:57.479 them intelligent or reasonable. 37 00:02:58.439 --> 00:02:58.919 It's just. 38 00:03:00.719 --> 00:03:03.000 You know, one of the reasons I disdained social media 39 00:03:03.080 --> 00:03:05.639 is because it's impossible they have serious conversations there because 40 00:03:05.639 --> 00:03:11.080 aside from the paid agitators and disruptors, there's just this 41 00:03:11.120 --> 00:03:13.199 whole peanut gallery of idiots. You think it's like a 42 00:03:13.280 --> 00:03:16.280 video game or something, and they've decided, they've convinced themselves 43 00:03:16.319 --> 00:03:21.680 they have some take on everything, and even though they 44 00:03:21.919 --> 00:03:25.319 spend their days like exclusively in their own house or Walmart, 45 00:03:25.360 --> 00:03:28.599 they decided they have some take on Islam where they 46 00:03:28.599 --> 00:03:35.319 have no understanding of it whatsoever. So not just I mean, 47 00:03:35.319 --> 00:03:39.120 don't get me wrong, I'm very blessed there's anybody who 48 00:03:39.120 --> 00:03:46.759 spends time with capital t traditionalists authors, you know Mercia 49 00:03:46.759 --> 00:03:50.439 Eliotti Renegan on particularly because I mean, obviously he was 50 00:03:50.840 --> 00:03:53.319 a Sufi Maslim, Julius evil. 51 00:03:53.719 --> 00:03:55.080 They all rode extensive way. 52 00:03:54.960 --> 00:04:01.039 On a dar al Islam and Muhammad and his role 53 00:04:01.080 --> 00:04:06.479 in the historical process and things like that, and obviously 54 00:04:06.560 --> 00:04:10.800 I've got a fair amount of Mauslim comrades on the ground. Well, 55 00:04:10.840 --> 00:04:13.039 she and Sunny, you know, we're both good friends and 56 00:04:13.759 --> 00:04:19.319 reliable partisans. But who I can seek out to discuss 57 00:04:19.639 --> 00:04:22.639 compared to theology within things. So I'm not suggesting I'm 58 00:04:22.680 --> 00:04:27.439 isolating in that regard. It just it reaffirms why I 59 00:04:27.480 --> 00:04:30.920 am a vanguardist, because most people aren't built for this 60 00:04:31.120 --> 00:04:34.040 in all kinds of ways, and they don't even have 61 00:04:34.120 --> 00:04:37.959 their own prejudices. Their prejudices are are Jewish prejudices, or 62 00:04:38.000 --> 00:04:42.399 they're ones that you know they gleaned from from legacy 63 00:04:42.480 --> 00:04:48.079 media apparatus, or or a fucking around on the Internet 64 00:04:48.160 --> 00:04:51.560 with the people who are probably paid agitators, or like 65 00:04:51.639 --> 00:04:55.360 random guys in India or something just saying things. It's 66 00:04:56.000 --> 00:05:00.439 it's like it's staggering to re of ignorance. But anyway, 67 00:05:00.720 --> 00:05:07.279 I'll stop ranting at the subs. The general disposition of 68 00:05:07.279 --> 00:05:12.199 the Reich towards Islam, the Islamic world, like I said, 69 00:05:11.600 --> 00:05:18.319 they viewed it as a global force that was playing 70 00:05:18.319 --> 00:05:24.360 an essential role in the unfolding historical process. They also 71 00:05:24.439 --> 00:05:30.519 predicted that although there wouldn't there wasn't going to be 72 00:05:30.560 --> 00:05:35.680 the imminent orders of a new caliphate to replace the 73 00:05:36.240 --> 00:05:39.199 Sea of Daryl Islam that obviously was vacated by the 74 00:05:39.240 --> 00:05:42.600 collapse of the Ottomans. And to be clear that the 75 00:05:42.680 --> 00:05:45.879 Kaiser Reich and the Ottoman Empire were very close allies. 76 00:05:46.720 --> 00:05:54.240 So the Germans had a particularly the German academ which 77 00:05:54.240 --> 00:05:59.639 had a very strong Orientalist bent, and the Foreign service, 78 00:06:01.040 --> 00:06:04.199 many of whom remained. 79 00:06:03.800 --> 00:06:06.920 Into the Third Reich. They had a. 80 00:06:08.839 --> 00:06:15.439 Fairly highly developed understanding of Islam and of the several 81 00:06:15.480 --> 00:06:20.240 cultures that constituted. And obviously, as the war went on, 82 00:06:22.000 --> 00:06:27.879 the non European territories that were directly occupied by Wehrmacht 83 00:06:28.279 --> 00:06:36.480 were largely Islamic countries, and Sarajevo, which is the seed 84 00:06:36.560 --> 00:06:43.920 of European Islam, was occupied by by the Reich. So 85 00:06:44.839 --> 00:06:49.279 that's that's important. All these all these variables intertwined. And 86 00:06:49.720 --> 00:06:51.959 as I've written about in my manuscript, and I believe 87 00:06:51.959 --> 00:07:00.240 I've discussed here with Pete previously, the massacres. They it's 88 00:07:00.319 --> 00:07:11.199 the annihilation therapy that was perpetuated against minority elements in 89 00:07:11.240 --> 00:07:17.519 the nascent Turkish state. The world came to know about 90 00:07:17.560 --> 00:07:23.160 that owing to a maximum shooting a Richter who was 91 00:07:23.199 --> 00:07:29.199 deployed there, and he alerted both the Red Cross and the. 92 00:07:31.040 --> 00:07:33.000 And and you know, the Berlin. 93 00:07:34.959 --> 00:07:39.639 Foreign Office, and he was told to know on certain terms, 94 00:07:40.000 --> 00:07:45.480 to stop agitating for some sort of localized intervention or 95 00:07:45.759 --> 00:07:51.040 relief for these people, because relations with Ankara are very important, 96 00:07:51.160 --> 00:07:54.399 especially in these times of uncertainty. And I make the 97 00:07:54.439 --> 00:07:58.279 point that well, you know, and on shooting the rictor 98 00:07:58.319 --> 00:08:04.399 he fell at the at the Munich pouch in November 99 00:08:04.519 --> 00:08:08.639 nineteen twenty three, and Hitler what on record is saying 100 00:08:09.160 --> 00:08:11.720 that he was the one. He said the party never 101 00:08:11.800 --> 00:08:14.879 recovered from the death of shooting a rictor. 102 00:08:15.959 --> 00:08:17.319 He was an essential. 103 00:08:18.519 --> 00:08:24.879 Personage to the National Socialist Party and the revolution. And 104 00:08:24.920 --> 00:08:28.480 so I make the point in a manuscript. So if 105 00:08:29.519 --> 00:08:34.360 if from inception the NSDAP was this hyper racialized, you know, 106 00:08:34.799 --> 00:08:42.480 murderous conspiratorial cadre that simply hated all non Riian races, 107 00:08:43.320 --> 00:08:46.840 why was Richter the only man who was raising alarm 108 00:08:46.879 --> 00:08:49.799 about what was happening in an Asia Minor? Nobody seems 109 00:08:49.799 --> 00:08:52.399 to be able to answer that question for me. They 110 00:08:52.440 --> 00:08:55.360 simply ignore it, or sam lying, or move on without 111 00:08:55.519 --> 00:08:56.200 addressing it. 112 00:08:56.279 --> 00:08:58.480 But be as it may. 113 00:09:02.320 --> 00:09:07.879 The Third Reich, although arguably there's the deepest sort of 114 00:09:07.960 --> 00:09:17.120 diplomatic rapport and cultural rapport enjoyed with Daryl Islam, the 115 00:09:17.399 --> 00:09:24.679 other major Access nations made similar efforts to curate and 116 00:09:24.759 --> 00:09:33.080 mobilize Islamic support. Mussolini he famously, I mean, this was 117 00:09:33.480 --> 00:09:36.840 very performative and very stage managed. But in nineteen thirty 118 00:09:36.879 --> 00:09:45.080 seven he arranged for this ceremony where he was presented 119 00:09:45.120 --> 00:09:48.879 with a quote sort of Islam at a public ceremony 120 00:09:48.919 --> 00:09:54.559 in Tripoli, symbolically holding himself and the Kingdom of Italy 121 00:09:54.600 --> 00:09:56.440 out as a as a as a protector of the 122 00:09:56.480 --> 00:10:02.960 Maslim world against against communism, and he went on to 123 00:10:02.960 --> 00:10:06.759 declare that the quote laws of the prophet would would 124 00:10:06.759 --> 00:10:11.720 be honored. Gebels actually made a note of this, and 125 00:10:11.759 --> 00:10:16.600 his diaries prolific as he was as a diary, it 126 00:10:16.639 --> 00:10:24.600 was one of the reasons there's such a valuable artifact. 127 00:10:24.840 --> 00:10:27.559 He had kind of a cynical take on this. He said, 128 00:10:27.799 --> 00:10:33.360 you know, the duche never never passes up an opportunity 129 00:10:33.120 --> 00:10:37.639 to glorify himself as the protector of other people's you know, 130 00:10:37.679 --> 00:10:40.559 which was which was true? And I don't I don't 131 00:10:40.559 --> 00:10:43.039 think Duce had some deep affinity for his lom Or 132 00:10:43.080 --> 00:10:49.840 spent much time learning about its theological precepts. But it 133 00:10:49.960 --> 00:10:55.279 was imperative, particularly considering the primary battle space that Italy 134 00:10:55.320 --> 00:10:58.720 was committed to with that juncture, to try and curate 135 00:10:59.440 --> 00:11:04.399 the support these people, or at least mitigate any hostility 136 00:11:04.399 --> 00:11:15.759 that might be emergent otherwise. Similarly, the the Shintoist Japan, 137 00:11:17.759 --> 00:11:25.000 they established the Greater Japan Islamic League and simultaneously the 138 00:11:25.039 --> 00:11:29.000 Tokyo Mosque was established at nineteen thirty eight, and. 139 00:11:31.039 --> 00:11:32.240 They very much. 140 00:11:34.320 --> 00:11:39.679 Dedicated a lot of effort and resources, both military and 141 00:11:39.919 --> 00:11:47.679 capital to encouraging in Islamic uprising against the Dutch, you know, 142 00:11:47.720 --> 00:11:54.360 and radicalizing people in the in the Dutch Indies against them, 143 00:11:55.080 --> 00:12:03.600 both the British and and the Midlanders. And like I 144 00:12:03.639 --> 00:12:09.519 said this in the case of the right, this long 145 00:12:09.639 --> 00:12:13.879 predated the national socialist revolution. 146 00:12:15.399 --> 00:12:18.759 The central powers, you know, particularly the Kaiser right. 147 00:12:21.000 --> 00:12:24.960 The Ottoman Empire was an essential ally theirs, and until 148 00:12:25.000 --> 00:12:30.240 they got knocked out of the war, they played an 149 00:12:30.320 --> 00:12:40.000 essential role in allowing Germany to sustain a two front conflict. 150 00:12:40.559 --> 00:12:42.840 There's so much emphasis on the Western Front and the 151 00:12:43.200 --> 00:12:48.039 Maelstrom and slaughter that that represented. There's not enough inc 152 00:12:48.159 --> 00:12:53.600 dedicated to the US Front of World War One, where 153 00:12:54.960 --> 00:12:58.639 it wasn't the stalemate that it came to pass in 154 00:12:58.679 --> 00:13:06.559 the West because the open Step precluded it and facilitated maneuver. 155 00:13:09.840 --> 00:13:15.320 Poison gas was used to greater effect in in the 156 00:13:15.360 --> 00:13:25.159 East as well. And obviously you know until the when 157 00:13:25.159 --> 00:13:31.320 when when the after the Rustian Revolution, the the Reichs 158 00:13:31.320 --> 00:13:33.519 fail was victorious. I mean, that was one of the 159 00:13:33.559 --> 00:13:39.200 big soar points of the of the military in the 160 00:13:39.279 --> 00:13:45.600 wake of Versailles, is they were forced to give up 161 00:13:47.039 --> 00:13:51.240 these territories that they won on the battlefield. 162 00:13:53.000 --> 00:13:55.720 But you know, before. 163 00:13:58.399 --> 00:14:03.200 An entire army deployed to the east was freed up, 164 00:14:03.519 --> 00:14:07.440 you know, by the Red Revolution and the Treaty of 165 00:14:07.480 --> 00:14:12.960 Breast the Tusk. The Ottomans were playing an essential role 166 00:14:13.039 --> 00:14:21.240 in the Kaiser re jew strategic flank. And Wilhelm, who 167 00:14:21.360 --> 00:14:27.519 was not any kind of great diplomat or strategic thinker, 168 00:14:28.759 --> 00:14:32.559 he went out of his way to sustain good offices 169 00:14:32.600 --> 00:14:36.919 with the Ottomans. You know, whole Vegg was very much 170 00:14:37.000 --> 00:14:45.159 the political mind behind the kaiser Reich, but the Kaiser himself, 171 00:14:45.200 --> 00:14:53.720 particularly in dealing with you know, fellow monarchs, and uh, 172 00:14:54.200 --> 00:14:58.159 make the mistake, you know, the even in its waiting days, 173 00:14:58.840 --> 00:15:02.919 an Ottoman sultan, that great authority, it was essential for. 174 00:15:04.840 --> 00:15:06.759 It. Dictates and. 175 00:15:08.240 --> 00:15:15.720 Declarations and as well as insinuations both subtle and flagrant, 176 00:15:15.919 --> 00:15:20.159 come from the Kaiser himself. But you know, so German 177 00:15:20.200 --> 00:15:27.480 Atoman authorities, they collaborated and trying to cultivate Pan Islamic 178 00:15:27.559 --> 00:15:30.759 consciousness in North Africa and the Near East and Russia 179 00:15:30.759 --> 00:15:35.000 and India. I mean, this was this was a long 180 00:15:35.039 --> 00:15:38.080 standing effort. It's not just a question that emerged in 181 00:15:38.240 --> 00:15:48.200 nineteen thirty nine and in in World War Two as 182 00:15:48.200 --> 00:15:53.679 the himnachsaf ss. Even early on, as they found themselves 183 00:15:54.039 --> 00:16:01.720 deployed to Islamic lands, German authorities were explicit that Islam 184 00:16:01.840 --> 00:16:06.600 was of political importance and sold out and were instructed 185 00:16:06.600 --> 00:16:11.480 to respect religious customs and show respect for Islam when 186 00:16:11.519 --> 00:16:14.320 dealing with Moslems, and and to treat them as friendlies 187 00:16:14.399 --> 00:16:18.039 unless they you know, he exhibited disrespect for the Reich. 188 00:16:18.960 --> 00:16:22.960 It's it's heraldry or or for you know, the the 189 00:16:23.000 --> 00:16:25.600 personal honor a soldiers and officers. 190 00:16:28.200 --> 00:16:29.200 On the ust front. 191 00:16:31.000 --> 00:16:34.320 The uh, the Reich one as far as they were, 192 00:16:34.399 --> 00:16:38.879 the re establishment of mosques and madrasses, and they set 193 00:16:38.879 --> 00:16:43.960 aside pious endowments for the re establishment of Islamic religious life. 194 00:16:45.200 --> 00:16:45.639 I mean they did. 195 00:16:45.679 --> 00:16:48.200 They did the same thing with with Orthodox churches. But 196 00:16:48.240 --> 00:16:51.919 I mean that goes up saying if you know the 197 00:16:52.000 --> 00:16:54.159 history of the conflict and the political side of things, 198 00:16:54.879 --> 00:16:58.120 but uh, you know, they this went a long way 199 00:16:58.159 --> 00:17:03.600 to undermining the Soviet rule because Moslims were targeted with 200 00:17:03.679 --> 00:17:08.079 as much hostility as as the Orthodox were, you know, 201 00:17:09.799 --> 00:17:15.640 and Gurbles themselves made the point that the early Soviet 202 00:17:15.680 --> 00:17:20.799 cadres in KVD and the Czech They they hated the 203 00:17:20.880 --> 00:17:24.240 Moslems rethno sectarian reasons as much as they did the Christians, 204 00:17:24.279 --> 00:17:28.640 and viewed them as their repressors and did incredibly brutal 205 00:17:28.720 --> 00:17:34.599 things and tried to tried to tried to extricate relateous 206 00:17:34.640 --> 00:17:41.880 sensibility from Islamic communities Vermunt authorities. Also, they're very much cultivated, 207 00:17:42.039 --> 00:17:47.799 you know, the Ulama in Eastern territories and the Balkans especially, 208 00:17:48.400 --> 00:17:56.640 That's how headway was made. And as Uh the Balkan 209 00:17:56.720 --> 00:18:03.960 theater became this counterinsurgency quagmire that became very important. And 210 00:18:05.359 --> 00:18:12.880 Ante Pavolch Poglovnik of the Independent State of Croatia, he 211 00:18:13.039 --> 00:18:16.519 was raised in a town early in his life that 212 00:18:18.240 --> 00:18:26.200 had a very large Maslim population. And Uh Pavolos himself, 213 00:18:26.359 --> 00:18:31.920 he knew a lot about Islam and their rituals. There's 214 00:18:32.000 --> 00:18:39.720 a photographs of him wearing a fez when he's meeting 215 00:18:39.759 --> 00:18:48.640 with Bosniaks. It's very interesting and he he famously he 216 00:18:48.759 --> 00:18:55.920 viewed Bosniaks as quote racial Croatians and Sunni Islam. Uh 217 00:18:57.240 --> 00:19:03.119 was viewed as a state relied religion alongside Roman Catholicism, 218 00:19:03.319 --> 00:19:11.400 albeit secondary secondarily to it. But that that that that 219 00:19:11.400 --> 00:19:16.279 that sort of expedited this these efforts in the Balden Theater, 220 00:19:16.279 --> 00:19:18.440 which would have been a lot more difficult if the 221 00:19:18.759 --> 00:19:29.119 used to show was openly hostile to UH Bosnia populations 222 00:19:31.200 --> 00:19:40.559 and UH the UH the vermackd and UH the buff 223 00:19:40.640 --> 00:19:46.519 and SS they they granted a lot of religious freedom 224 00:19:46.640 --> 00:19:54.319 to Moslim recruits and UH Moslim formations. The religious calendar 225 00:19:54.440 --> 00:19:59.319 was taken into uh account dietary laws with respect to 226 00:20:00.880 --> 00:20:06.680 you know, the mess hall and things. Both of Vermacht 227 00:20:06.720 --> 00:20:12.680 and of off On SSS had emms service chaplains, and 228 00:20:12.759 --> 00:20:22.440 they launched h ideological education programs to explicate how you know, 229 00:20:23.039 --> 00:20:26.599 a Moslim should live as a national socialist, you know, 230 00:20:26.720 --> 00:20:32.559 and what the meaning was of national socialism to non 231 00:20:32.640 --> 00:20:38.480 Germanic yet Allied races. This was very, very detailed, whatever 232 00:20:38.799 --> 00:20:44.880 if any whether anybody agrees with this or not, you know. 233 00:20:45.839 --> 00:20:56.359 And these education programs were almost unfailingly delivered by by 234 00:20:56.400 --> 00:21:02.160 military emams. The only times they weren't is when an 235 00:21:02.160 --> 00:21:10.160 imam wasn't available, and Bosniak imams in particular played an 236 00:21:10.200 --> 00:21:17.400 outsized role. Again, Sarah Jevo only about two million Moslims 237 00:21:17.480 --> 00:21:22.880 lived in Sarajevo, but that's the European seed of Islam, 238 00:21:23.160 --> 00:21:23.680 and UH. 239 00:21:26.119 --> 00:21:30.599 The way Moslims viewed it throughout the. 240 00:21:33.480 --> 00:21:41.359 Moslim diaspora was, you know, being being sort of the 241 00:21:42.319 --> 00:21:46.839 seed of Islamic culture in Europe and also being very 242 00:21:46.839 --> 00:21:53.160 directly threatened by by Communism. There was a peculiar interest 243 00:21:53.160 --> 00:21:57.920 in the fortunes of the Bosniaks of Sarajevo and reciprocally 244 00:21:58.960 --> 00:22:07.359 pious Sunnis, you know, pious UH, the Bosniak Sunnis. They 245 00:22:07.680 --> 00:22:09.440 they had a strong interest in the fortunes of their 246 00:22:09.480 --> 00:22:14.759 coreligion is you know, behind the they were still behind 247 00:22:14.759 --> 00:22:17.559 the verbial wire in the Soviet Union. 248 00:22:19.200 --> 00:22:25.759 And in UH in Palestine. You know, the. 249 00:22:25.880 --> 00:22:39.160 UH military formal military policy towards Islamic peoples, and UH 250 00:22:39.480 --> 00:22:42.559 brought strategic terms. 251 00:22:43.759 --> 00:22:46.279 Really that. 252 00:22:48.039 --> 00:22:53.000 Policy paradigm first originated on July twenty fifth, nineteen forty, 253 00:22:54.279 --> 00:23:00.480 just after the fall of France, you know, and as 254 00:23:00.519 --> 00:23:06.480 the Battle of Britain was getting underway, a man named 255 00:23:06.519 --> 00:23:13.039 Max van Oppenheim. He was a retired diplomat and an 256 00:23:13.119 --> 00:23:21.880 Orientalist scholar. He spontaneously sent a memorandum, a seven page 257 00:23:21.920 --> 00:23:28.680 memorandum to the Foreign Office suggesting that it was both 258 00:23:28.720 --> 00:23:35.960 imperative to cultivate the populations and the enemies Islamic territories 259 00:23:37.119 --> 00:23:43.240 and do everything possible to incite a rebellion against the 260 00:23:43.240 --> 00:23:51.359 British authorities there, and moving forward to give whatever military material, 261 00:23:52.559 --> 00:24:00.839 aid and diplomatic encouragement as was reasonable and feasible, you know, 262 00:24:00.920 --> 00:24:05.839 And he said if he said, the time is nigh 263 00:24:06.480 --> 00:24:11.839 for a comprehensive strategy to mobilize the Islamic world against 264 00:24:11.880 --> 00:24:16.680 the British Empire. But he said, also if the British 265 00:24:16.720 --> 00:24:22.880 have time to consolidate forces and suppress a nascent rebellion, 266 00:24:25.480 --> 00:24:28.640 and well meanwhile holding you know, German forces at bay 267 00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:41.519 in theater, the opportunity will not repeat. He's also Oppenheim 268 00:24:42.440 --> 00:24:45.640 who'd spent most of his adult life traveling, and he 269 00:24:45.680 --> 00:24:51.279 is traveling and living in the Islamic world. He'd reached 270 00:24:51.319 --> 00:24:57.720 out directly as a private person since his retirement. He 271 00:24:57.759 --> 00:25:02.519 was in his early eighties. I believe to pan Islamic 272 00:25:02.599 --> 00:25:09.480 religious figures like Shakib Arslan and more most significantly to 273 00:25:09.559 --> 00:25:15.839 the Grand Mufti aminel Hussini, and they became very close 274 00:25:19.039 --> 00:25:29.880 and largely at Oppenneim's be hast. Hitler, who had a 275 00:25:30.920 --> 00:25:36.839 somewhat tempestuous relationship with the Foreign Office, he took this 276 00:25:37.000 --> 00:25:48.359 seriously and German officers were deployed to the entire Moslim 277 00:25:48.480 --> 00:25:54.079 corridor where there was a British imperial presence from Egypt 278 00:25:54.200 --> 00:26:00.720 to India. And of course subsequently the Grand moved Yea 279 00:26:00.799 --> 00:26:04.920 Lucenia was able to gain a personal audience of the Hitler, 280 00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:10.559 and we'll get to that, but this was the this 281 00:26:10.720 --> 00:26:19.519 was the origin of what became a a strategic imperative 282 00:26:19.839 --> 00:26:23.559 in political and military terms. I mean, that's important for 283 00:26:23.599 --> 00:26:29.519 its own sake, but also the Ribbontrop's other cast is 284 00:26:29.599 --> 00:26:32.680 some sort of fool or an incompetant, or the foreign 285 00:26:32.720 --> 00:26:36.599 officers cast is in the same sort of terms as 286 00:26:36.599 --> 00:26:39.119 the app there as this sort of a positive a 287 00:26:39.160 --> 00:26:45.039 fifth columnists. And Hitler's cast is this provincial nationalist who 288 00:26:45.039 --> 00:26:50.599 didn't understand the felt politique. I mean, all that is ridiculous. 289 00:26:50.799 --> 00:26:59.440 And this the relationship of the Reich to the Islamic 290 00:26:59.519 --> 00:27:05.960 world in particulars stands in a rebuttal to that inference. 291 00:27:07.559 --> 00:27:12.160 And so this is an important subject matter for that reason. 292 00:27:14.559 --> 00:27:19.920 And Oppenheim he he'd served in the kaiser Reich for 293 00:27:20.160 --> 00:27:27.960 decades and there's few people then living who knew as 294 00:27:28.039 --> 00:27:32.960 much about Islam and Islamic societies as he did, and 295 00:27:33.480 --> 00:27:40.079 more than any one man, he was responsible for shaping 296 00:27:42.319 --> 00:27:48.440 the Kaiser's disposition towards Islam generally. He was trained as 297 00:27:48.440 --> 00:27:55.400 a lawyer. By education, he'd become fluent in several Middle 298 00:27:55.440 --> 00:28:00.319 Eastern languages, including you know, various Arab dialects, as well 299 00:28:00.359 --> 00:28:04.720 as Turkish. He traveled for years through Africa and the 300 00:28:04.720 --> 00:28:09.640 Middle East, and in eighteen ninety six when he was 301 00:28:09.640 --> 00:28:15.759 officially recruited by the Foreign Office, he subsequently posted for 302 00:28:15.799 --> 00:28:21.799 twelve years in Cairo, where he directly monitored political developments 303 00:28:21.839 --> 00:28:28.599 and cultivated and enduring relationships with Arab in Islamic leadership. 304 00:28:31.240 --> 00:28:35.200 In Sudan during the Mahdi rebellion, he'd been on the 305 00:28:35.200 --> 00:28:41.240 ground there and what he attested to in subsequent years 306 00:28:41.400 --> 00:28:44.839 was that's when he first encountered is Lam as a 307 00:28:44.880 --> 00:28:54.640 political force. He always understood the deeply integral structure of 308 00:28:54.680 --> 00:28:59.640 Islam and conceptual terms, but this had all been at 309 00:28:59.680 --> 00:29:03.680 stress act or academic until this point. In Sudan, he 310 00:29:03.720 --> 00:29:08.279 came to realize that Islam had a strong role to 311 00:29:08.279 --> 00:29:12.319 play in the Burgening political process, that. 312 00:29:13.720 --> 00:29:14.279 It had an. 313 00:29:14.160 --> 00:29:23.640 Ability to animate pious elements towards direct military action, and 314 00:29:23.759 --> 00:29:29.559 therein it was a force multiplier, And that there is 315 00:29:29.559 --> 00:29:36.039 a peculiar interplay of deep theology and political and military 316 00:29:36.039 --> 00:29:43.440 imperatives in the Islamic world, and the Western power that 317 00:29:43.519 --> 00:29:51.480 could integrate that into its own political soldiery would carry 318 00:29:51.519 --> 00:30:02.799 the day in theater, and he he'd been able to 319 00:30:02.839 --> 00:30:08.799 gain Oppenheim, had he'd been able to gain audiences with 320 00:30:08.920 --> 00:30:18.000 the Ottoman Sultan, with a number of other luminaries, both 321 00:30:18.079 --> 00:30:21.640 reactionaries and reformers. What they were hold in common was 322 00:30:22.880 --> 00:30:26.920 a belief and advocacy of the pan Islamic cause in 323 00:30:26.960 --> 00:30:31.640 lieu of this sort of narrow ethno nationalism that was 324 00:30:32.440 --> 00:30:38.400 still characteristic in the colonized world in substantial measure. And 325 00:30:40.599 --> 00:30:52.559 Oppenheim's dispatches were delivered personally to the Kaiser, who basically 326 00:30:52.720 --> 00:30:57.200 viewed them as gospel in terms of how to proceed 327 00:30:59.079 --> 00:31:04.079 in the Near East and North Africa. And the Kaiser Wilhelm, 328 00:31:05.440 --> 00:31:08.039 for all of his shortcomings, was for myriad and he 329 00:31:08.200 --> 00:31:14.000 was in many respects. The Reich was unfortunately saddled with him, 330 00:31:14.440 --> 00:31:17.240 he did delegate to experts. That the other reason Halvegg 331 00:31:18.000 --> 00:31:23.160 subsequently had the sort of power he did. And on 332 00:31:23.319 --> 00:31:33.079 matters relating to h veldt politique, the Kaiser tended to 333 00:31:33.079 --> 00:31:35.440 defer to people he viewed as the experts. 334 00:31:35.480 --> 00:31:41.440 And that's very Prussian. 335 00:31:43.400 --> 00:31:54.200 And that's why, despite Germany not having a global profile 336 00:31:54.759 --> 00:32:03.200 in terms of directly colonies in the way that the 337 00:32:03.279 --> 00:32:07.680 United Kingdom or France, or the Spanish or the Portuguese did, 338 00:32:09.000 --> 00:32:18.359 they tend to do do very well at at cultivating 339 00:32:18.880 --> 00:32:33.759 allies in the developing world. And this went uh. Some 340 00:32:33.880 --> 00:32:35.480 of this was and we'll get into this in our 341 00:32:35.519 --> 00:32:38.680 Thirty Years War series. Isn't a side I want to 342 00:32:38.680 --> 00:32:42.839 cover this one I'm about to discuss as well as 343 00:32:42.880 --> 00:32:45.200 the sort of proxy war that was going on in 344 00:32:45.279 --> 00:32:48.680 Japan during the Thirty Years War between the Catholics and 345 00:32:48.720 --> 00:32:56.799 specifically Dutch Reformed elements. But the the Ottomans had granted 346 00:32:58.279 --> 00:33:05.400 asylum to Protestants, both Lutheran and Reformed, who were either 347 00:33:05.480 --> 00:33:08.920 refugees of hostilities in the thirties War or were wanted 348 00:33:08.920 --> 00:33:14.960 by the Inquisition, and a sort of cultural rapport developed 349 00:33:16.720 --> 00:33:24.960 between Protestant Germany and Sunni Islam, and I think that 350 00:33:24.720 --> 00:33:28.920 that's something that's understated and a lot of these otherwise 351 00:33:29.000 --> 00:33:39.359 very complete accounts of the subject matter, but even limited 352 00:33:39.400 --> 00:33:46.519 as the Kaiser ex colonial profile was, the Kaiser right 353 00:33:46.759 --> 00:33:52.000 did in the colonies that did have rule over did 354 00:33:52.079 --> 00:33:55.960 rule over Islamic populations in Togo and Cameroon, in Germany, 355 00:33:55.960 --> 00:34:06.200 East Africa now and maybe a you know, and obviously 356 00:34:06.279 --> 00:34:10.480 it was far easier. I mean, I mean, Africans are 357 00:34:11.320 --> 00:34:16.199 subterre and Africans are are just challenges to managing those 358 00:34:16.199 --> 00:34:22.039 populations just because of profound alienage. It's it's obviously, but 359 00:34:23.320 --> 00:34:28.000 the colonial authorities obviously found it easier to deal with 360 00:34:29.000 --> 00:34:34.239 Islamic elements than pagan ones who ascribed to some sort 361 00:34:34.239 --> 00:34:42.599 of folk animism or something, and from the outset curated 362 00:34:44.159 --> 00:34:49.480 good offices with Islamic elements in these territories, and local 363 00:34:49.559 --> 00:34:55.079 Islamic structures weren't disturbed so long as Muslim leaders accepted 364 00:34:55.079 --> 00:35:00.960 the colonial presence. In German Africa, sharia kor it's recognized 365 00:35:02.159 --> 00:35:08.400 Islamic endowments were we weren't touched or text madrasas were 366 00:35:08.440 --> 00:35:17.519 left open, religious holidays were acknowledged, and the Germans, uh wisely, 367 00:35:18.599 --> 00:35:23.960 they ruled through Maslim intermediaries and Islamic dignitaries. You weren't 368 00:35:24.119 --> 00:35:28.920 generally going to be visited in your township by some 369 00:35:29.400 --> 00:35:32.480 by by by a white man or a German colonial administrator, 370 00:35:33.400 --> 00:35:37.239 and it'd be an African Maslim intermediary. 371 00:35:37.400 --> 00:35:37.639 Or a. 372 00:35:40.039 --> 00:35:44.519 Respected man in in in the local mosque who you 373 00:35:44.639 --> 00:35:48.400 deal with, and he in turn to deal with the Germans. 374 00:35:51.320 --> 00:35:59.280 And on the one hand this left colonial governor somewhat isolated. 375 00:35:59.800 --> 00:36:02.800 But on the other hand, it also meant that these 376 00:36:02.800 --> 00:36:06.840 intermediaries they had the might of you know, the Kaiser 377 00:36:06.920 --> 00:36:11.519 right behind them an event of an uprising, So indirect 378 00:36:11.599 --> 00:36:20.199 rule was highly effective, and that it's not discussed enough that, again, 379 00:36:20.599 --> 00:36:25.280 in comparative terms limited as the German colonial profile and 380 00:36:25.400 --> 00:36:32.960 experience was, it very much was a school of political rule, 381 00:36:34.119 --> 00:36:37.679 you know, and a high political intrigue, and they were 382 00:36:37.760 --> 00:36:38.440 very good at it. 383 00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:42.679 And I think that's. 384 00:36:45.199 --> 00:36:49.599 I think I think that's not often enough acknowledged, other 385 00:36:49.639 --> 00:36:56.800 than in very perfunctory terms. And this also led to 386 00:36:58.840 --> 00:37:02.360 as these kinds of colonial as more and more business 387 00:37:02.440 --> 00:37:08.199 was done in the colonies and as a geostrategic imperative 388 00:37:09.159 --> 00:37:12.760 developed around the German presence therapy. There was more and 389 00:37:12.800 --> 00:37:18.239 more of these sort of colonial congresses formal and informal 390 00:37:19.000 --> 00:37:22.559 between military and political and business authorities. 391 00:37:23.400 --> 00:37:24.480 Within the Kaiser Reich. 392 00:37:25.880 --> 00:37:35.880 This led to the development of a a cadre of 393 00:37:36.559 --> 00:37:42.159 experts in Islamic studies in German academ and there was 394 00:37:42.199 --> 00:37:47.800 always a streak of Orientalism in modern German academ anyway, 395 00:37:49.119 --> 00:37:56.719 but these guys who previously really only were focused on 396 00:37:57.360 --> 00:38:07.159 classical Islam and you know, the their relations with the 397 00:38:07.320 --> 00:38:14.880 Greeks and things, they shifted their conceptual focus very much, 398 00:38:14.920 --> 00:38:21.400 I think the contemporary Moslim world and what a proper 399 00:38:21.400 --> 00:38:28.639 imperial policy should be towards Islam qua Islam, and there 400 00:38:28.639 --> 00:38:35.880 really wasn't something comparable in the UK or France. There 401 00:38:35.960 --> 00:38:39.519