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Test 22 00:00:49.479 --> 00:00:52.520 your luck in the shadowy world at the Godfather slot. 23 00:00:52.679 --> 00:00:55.479 Someday I will call upon you to do a service 24 00:00:55.520 --> 00:00:55.759 for me. 25 00:00:55.840 --> 00:00:58.719 Play the Godfather now at Champacasino dot com. 26 00:00:58.759 --> 00:01:01.039 Welcome to the Family vdW group. 27 00:01:01.079 --> 00:01:01.840 Noper is necessary. 28 00:01:01.840 --> 00:01:03.560 If we were privited by loss, he terms and convisions 29 00:01:03.600 --> 00:01:05.879 eighteen plus. 30 00:01:11.760 --> 00:01:15.200 You are now listening to True Murder, The most Shocking 31 00:01:15.280 --> 00:01:18.319 Killers in True crime History and the authors that have 32 00:01:18.359 --> 00:01:25.680 written about him. Gasey Bundy, Dahmer, The Nightstalker VTK Every 33 00:01:25.719 --> 00:01:29.400 week another fascinating author talking about the most shocking and 34 00:01:29.480 --> 00:01:34.000 infamous killers in true crime history. True Murder with your host, 35 00:01:34.400 --> 00:01:36.920 journalist and author Dan Zufanski. 36 00:01:46.319 --> 00:01:51.200 Good Evening. In the summer of nineteen sixty five, several 37 00:01:51.439 --> 00:01:55.079 Ku Klux Klan members riding in a pickup truck shot 38 00:01:55.120 --> 00:02:00.439 two black deputies on patrol in Washington Parish, Louisiana. Deputy 39 00:02:00.519 --> 00:02:03.400 O'Neil Moore, the driver of the patrol car and father 40 00:02:03.480 --> 00:02:08.639 of four daughters, died instantly. His partner, Creed Rogers, survived 41 00:02:08.680 --> 00:02:12.039 and radioed in a description of the vehicle. Less than 42 00:02:12.039 --> 00:02:15.360 an hour later, police and Mississippi spotted the truck and 43 00:02:15.479 --> 00:02:19.199 arrested its driver, a decorated World War II veteran named 44 00:02:19.520 --> 00:02:23.919 Ernest Ray mc kelvin. They returned mc kelvin to Washington Parish, 45 00:02:24.280 --> 00:02:29.319 where he spent eleven days in jail before authorities released him. Afterward, 46 00:02:29.479 --> 00:02:33.560 the FBI sent its top inspector to Bogalusa, Louisiana to 47 00:02:33.599 --> 00:02:37.159 participate in the murder inquiry, the only Civil rights era 48 00:02:37.360 --> 00:02:40.919 FBI investigation into the killing of a black law enforcement 49 00:02:40.960 --> 00:02:46.400 officer by the KKK. Despite that assistance, lack of evidence 50 00:02:46.439 --> 00:02:50.639 and witnesses unwilling to come forward forced Louisiana prosecutors eventually 51 00:02:50.680 --> 00:02:55.560 to drop all charges against mce calvin. The FBI continued 52 00:02:55.879 --> 00:02:59.680 its investigation, but could not gather enough evidence to filed charges, 53 00:03:00.120 --> 00:03:05.639 leaving the murder of an O'Neill Moore unsolved. Clan of 54 00:03:05.719 --> 00:03:09.000 Devils the murder of a Black Luisi The Anna Deputy 55 00:03:09.039 --> 00:03:13.400 Sheriff is Stanley Nelson's investigation of this case, which the 56 00:03:13.520 --> 00:03:19.759 FBI probe from nineteen sixty five to twenty sixteen. Nelson 57 00:03:19.840 --> 00:03:23.560 describes the clan's growth and the emergence of black activism 58 00:03:23.599 --> 00:03:27.919 in Bogalusa and Washington Parish against the backdrop of political 59 00:03:27.919 --> 00:03:32.080 and social change in the nineteen fifties and early nineteen sixties. 60 00:03:34.680 --> 00:03:38.000 With the assistance of two retired FBI agents who worked 61 00:03:38.159 --> 00:03:42.680 the case, Nelson also explores the lives of the primary suspects, 62 00:03:42.759 --> 00:03:45.520 all of whom are now dead, and points to the 63 00:03:45.599 --> 00:03:50.400 clansmen most likely responsible for the senseless and horrific attack. 64 00:03:51.199 --> 00:03:54.159 The book that were featuring this evening is Clan of Devils, 65 00:03:54.479 --> 00:03:57.879 the Murder of a Black Louisiana Deputy Sheriff, with my 66 00:03:57.960 --> 00:04:03.120 special guest, journalist and author Nelson. Welcome, Welcome to the program, 67 00:04:03.159 --> 00:04:05.879 and thank you very much for this interview Stanley Nelson. 68 00:04:07.479 --> 00:04:08.879 Thanks Dan, good to be with you. 69 00:04:09.840 --> 00:04:15.080 Thank you very much for this interview. Let me ask 70 00:04:15.159 --> 00:04:19.240 you first off, how you came to be involved with 71 00:04:19.319 --> 00:04:22.600 this book, Clan of Devils. What brought you to this project? 72 00:04:23.839 --> 00:04:28.600 Well, since two thousand and seven, I've been working on 73 00:04:29.399 --> 00:04:34.000 unsolved murders committed by the Klan in the nineteen sixties 74 00:04:34.120 --> 00:04:38.480 and I lived in northeastern Louisiana, located in a Concordia 75 00:04:38.519 --> 00:04:41.639 centinels located in little town called very Day. In this 76 00:04:41.759 --> 00:04:46.000 area of northeastern Louisiana in southwest Mississippi, there were multiple 77 00:04:48.439 --> 00:04:54.839 incidents of clan violence and I began to connect eight 78 00:04:54.959 --> 00:04:57.600 murders to a little known clan group called a sever 79 00:04:57.720 --> 00:05:01.279 Dollar group. And over the case, over the period of 80 00:05:01.319 --> 00:05:05.319 working on these cases, writing stories of stories over years, 81 00:05:05.879 --> 00:05:10.680 I met a number of FBI agents and retired agents 82 00:05:10.720 --> 00:05:13.319 who had worked on some of the crimes that I 83 00:05:13.399 --> 00:05:15.920 was working on, and over the course of that time, 84 00:05:16.480 --> 00:05:19.360 there was one particular retired agent named Ted Gardner who 85 00:05:19.439 --> 00:05:25.160 kept mentioning to me the horrendous murder of a black 86 00:05:25.240 --> 00:05:28.639 law enforcement officer in Washington Parish, which is in southeastern 87 00:05:28.680 --> 00:05:32.160 Louisiana if you're familiar with it, but the state Louisiana 88 00:05:32.199 --> 00:05:35.279 is shaped like a boot. In Washington Parish is in 89 00:05:35.399 --> 00:05:38.519 the tip top of the toe of the boot, and 90 00:05:38.560 --> 00:05:41.839 the only parish in the state that's bordered on two 91 00:05:41.879 --> 00:05:46.000 sides by Mississippi. And so he began to talk to 92 00:05:46.040 --> 00:05:50.639 me about this murder and how it went down, and 93 00:05:50.680 --> 00:05:53.560 he had worked on the case during the nineteen sixties. 94 00:05:54.560 --> 00:05:59.560 I also had met or came to know another retired 95 00:05:59.560 --> 00:06:03.120 agent name Milton Graham, who had also worked on that case. 96 00:06:03.839 --> 00:06:07.199 And between those two men, they sort of left me 97 00:06:07.560 --> 00:06:11.319 a trail to falla uh, and that's what I did. 98 00:06:14.600 --> 00:06:16.800 Give us a little bit more of the background. You 99 00:06:16.839 --> 00:06:20.839 talk about the proximity the New Orleans that this Vernardo 100 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:26.480 is that's involved in this story as well. Let's talk 101 00:06:26.519 --> 00:06:32.720 about just this area and the population and some background 102 00:06:32.800 --> 00:06:35.040 on this area before we start. 103 00:06:36.240 --> 00:06:41.800 Okay, So this is an area of a lot of 104 00:06:42.240 --> 00:06:48.519 forest and Washington Parish the county seat of the parish 105 00:06:48.560 --> 00:06:51.279 seat is Franklinton and about the center of the parish 106 00:06:51.319 --> 00:06:55.399 and the biggest town is Bogaloosa, which is along the 107 00:06:55.399 --> 00:06:59.879 Pearl River on the eastern side of the parish. Bogolu 108 00:07:00.079 --> 00:07:03.319 So was founded in early nineteen hundreds by the Goodyear Brothers, 109 00:07:03.360 --> 00:07:08.079 who the tire makers, who bought vast acreage of forests 110 00:07:08.120 --> 00:07:12.360 in both Louisiana Mississippi and built what was the largest 111 00:07:12.360 --> 00:07:16.360 sawmill in the parish in the early nineteen hundreds. And 112 00:07:16.839 --> 00:07:21.680 that sawmill and that industry by over the nineteen thirties 113 00:07:21.720 --> 00:07:26.959 and forties morphed into a paper mill and the paper 114 00:07:26.959 --> 00:07:29.920 mail became one of the largest employers in the parish. 115 00:07:30.120 --> 00:07:34.160 And Washington Parish is also a big dairy parish and 116 00:07:34.519 --> 00:07:37.120 had a huge income. A lot of people worked in 117 00:07:37.160 --> 00:07:42.879 the dairy industry. So Washington Parish was is not far 118 00:07:42.879 --> 00:07:47.000 from New Orleans. During World War Two, when so many 119 00:07:47.040 --> 00:07:54.160 men were away in war, Louisiana became the parishes became 120 00:07:54.279 --> 00:07:58.759 many became homes to a lot of gambling and prostitution activities, 121 00:07:58.759 --> 00:08:05.800 and that was particularly true Washington Parish. This this was 122 00:08:05.879 --> 00:08:09.160 the result of work by the Mob in New Orleans 123 00:08:09.160 --> 00:08:13.079 to carl Us Marcello Mob who paid off sheriffs in 124 00:08:13.120 --> 00:08:19.040 some cases and operated houses of prostitution and lots of gambling. 125 00:08:19.879 --> 00:08:23.680 So consequently he had lots of violence that's always associated 126 00:08:23.720 --> 00:08:28.319 with those type of activities. In the late nineteen forties, 127 00:08:29.920 --> 00:08:32.840 a man named Dorman Crowe who was a young man. 128 00:08:33.600 --> 00:08:36.480 He was the son of a lawger employed by the 129 00:08:36.600 --> 00:08:39.519 very industry that the Goodyear Brothers brought to life there. 130 00:08:41.840 --> 00:08:44.879 He decided that he wanted to throw his hat into 131 00:08:44.919 --> 00:08:48.840 the ring and run for sheriff. He went around the parish. 132 00:08:48.879 --> 00:08:53.879 He promised to do away with the gambling and prostitution. 133 00:08:54.039 --> 00:08:57.200 Influenced to run the Mob back to New Orleans and 134 00:08:57.440 --> 00:09:00.919 he won. He beat a two term in come his 135 00:09:01.039 --> 00:09:04.679 first two or two re election bids, he was elected 136 00:09:04.720 --> 00:09:10.080 by huge margins. By the mid nineteen fifties came the 137 00:09:10.080 --> 00:09:12.840 Brown Versus Board of Education, which in the US was 138 00:09:12.879 --> 00:09:17.440 a big case that basically called for the u integration 139 00:09:17.519 --> 00:09:21.840 of public schools. As a consequence of that, we saw 140 00:09:21.879 --> 00:09:26.120 a rise of white segregationists in an organization known as 141 00:09:26.159 --> 00:09:32.039 the White Citizens' Council and the citizens' councils were m 142 00:09:32.080 --> 00:09:37.000 determined to stop integration at all courts and and keep 143 00:09:37.240 --> 00:09:41.320 things just as they were. And this occurred in the 144 00:09:41.360 --> 00:09:45.039 fifties in Washington Parish. There was a big white citizen 145 00:09:45.080 --> 00:09:49.279 council that was born in Bogalusa and spread across the parish, 146 00:09:49.519 --> 00:09:53.600 and they decided that the sheriff was too friendly to 147 00:09:53.639 --> 00:09:57.200 black people. And the fact was the sheriff, Dorman Crowe, 148 00:09:57.320 --> 00:10:03.039 had always received good black support and there were about 149 00:10:03.080 --> 00:10:07.039 eighteen hundred black voters in the parish at that time. 150 00:10:07.879 --> 00:10:11.039 And what the white citizens' council decided to do is, 151 00:10:11.080 --> 00:10:13.399 in order to beat the sheriff, we're going to have 152 00:10:13.519 --> 00:10:18.799 to remove some black voters from the rolls. And a 153 00:10:18.919 --> 00:10:22.919 man named Ernest Ray Mcalvin from Bogalusa was a white 154 00:10:23.000 --> 00:10:26.519 citizen Council member and he helped lead the effort to 155 00:10:26.600 --> 00:10:30.919 purge black voters from the pole from the rolls. And 156 00:10:31.000 --> 00:10:34.679 this was particularly designed for the nineteen sixty election when 157 00:10:35.600 --> 00:10:38.960 what became the Klan ran its own candidate. And so 158 00:10:39.120 --> 00:10:42.080 by the time that election came around in nineteen sixty, 159 00:10:42.600 --> 00:10:46.960 mcelvin and others had successfully removed about eighty five percent 160 00:10:47.039 --> 00:10:50.360 of the black voters from the rolls wow, and it 161 00:10:50.440 --> 00:10:54.120 looked very likely that they were going to beat the sheriff. 162 00:10:55.080 --> 00:10:57.720 But the sheriff was a fighter, and he went out 163 00:10:57.720 --> 00:11:01.320 and campaigned hard, and when the results came, he won 164 00:11:01.399 --> 00:11:05.759 by one hundred and thirty seven votes, which astounded the 165 00:11:05.799 --> 00:11:09.320 segregation as they could not believe that that happened. About 166 00:11:09.440 --> 00:11:14.399 two days after that election, a federal judge, in response 167 00:11:14.440 --> 00:11:17.320 to a lawsuit that had been found by the Justice Department, 168 00:11:18.120 --> 00:11:22.440 ordered that all of those voters removed from the polls 169 00:11:23.759 --> 00:11:26.399 from the voting rows to be put back on them. 170 00:11:26.720 --> 00:11:29.399 So all those votes were restored. But two days after 171 00:11:29.440 --> 00:11:33.759 the election, and so what happened next In Louisiana, particularly 172 00:11:33.759 --> 00:11:37.440 in early in nineteen sixty late nineteen sixty, a klan 173 00:11:37.559 --> 00:11:41.159 group was formed in the Sreport Bowser area, which is 174 00:11:41.159 --> 00:11:45.919 in the northwestern part of the state, and that clan 175 00:11:46.080 --> 00:11:49.279 became known as the Original Knights of the Ku Klux 176 00:11:49.360 --> 00:11:53.000 Klan and their constitution, and one of their leaders had 177 00:11:53.080 --> 00:11:55.679 been a member of the Knights of the Ku Klux 178 00:11:55.759 --> 00:12:00.240 Klan from the nineteen teens. In nineteen twenties, which by 179 00:12:00.399 --> 00:12:06.399 some accounts had four million members. According to some accounts, 180 00:12:06.399 --> 00:12:09.279 and you might have many folks have seen pictures of 181 00:12:09.320 --> 00:12:13.000 these huge clan marshes through Washington. 182 00:12:12.679 --> 00:12:12.919 D C. 183 00:12:13.159 --> 00:12:16.519 With everybody in their robes that's from that era. And 184 00:12:16.600 --> 00:12:19.360 so one member, one man that was a member of 185 00:12:19.440 --> 00:12:25.120 that original group of clan, he helped form the Original Knights, 186 00:12:25.120 --> 00:12:29.440 and that original Knight swept through Louisiana, went into Mississippi 187 00:12:29.440 --> 00:12:32.919 and later morphed into the White Knights in Mississippi, which 188 00:12:33.000 --> 00:12:35.480 was responsible for the killing of the three civil rights 189 00:12:35.519 --> 00:12:39.879 workers in Philadelphia, Mississippi in nineteen sixty four. And so 190 00:12:40.559 --> 00:12:46.039 Bogalusa in Washington Parish became in Louisiana the home of 191 00:12:46.159 --> 00:12:51.480 the largest percentage of clansmen anywhere in the state, and 192 00:12:52.159 --> 00:12:56.399 their whole focus soon became that we are going. And 193 00:12:56.799 --> 00:13:00.919 keep in mind that during this election in nineteen sixty three, 194 00:13:01.320 --> 00:13:03.960 as it was, the election was sixty four, but the 195 00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:07.559 campaign began the sixty three. All of the talk in 196 00:13:08.080 --> 00:13:12.080 the US and was centered on Congress and Talco passage 197 00:13:12.240 --> 00:13:14.759 of the Civil Rights at what became the Civil Rights 198 00:13:14.759 --> 00:13:18.799 Act of nineteen sixty four. There was talking late that 199 00:13:18.879 --> 00:13:22.200 year of sixty three of freedom writers coming into Mississippi 200 00:13:23.120 --> 00:13:28.240 so the Klan in bogalus in Washington Parish determined that 201 00:13:28.559 --> 00:13:32.360 we're going to ruin our same man against the sheriff, 202 00:13:33.559 --> 00:13:36.279 and we're not going to be able to remove the 203 00:13:36.320 --> 00:13:38.840 black voters. We tried that before and that didn't work, 204 00:13:39.440 --> 00:13:42.240 and it became one of the most bitter elections in 205 00:13:42.279 --> 00:13:47.000 the history of Washington Parish. It did not look well 206 00:13:47.120 --> 00:13:51.000 for the sheriff in the first round. He owned his 207 00:13:52.120 --> 00:13:56.120 main challenger almost beating but there was a third candidate 208 00:13:56.159 --> 00:13:59.519 and it threw it into a runoff. And they went 209 00:13:59.559 --> 00:14:03.600 to the polls and on election day a huge turnout, 210 00:14:03.679 --> 00:14:07.480 absolutely a massive turnout lines in Bogalusa, and when the 211 00:14:07.559 --> 00:14:11.840 votes were counted, the sheriff had won by one less 212 00:14:11.919 --> 00:14:15.080 vote than he did in nineteen sixty sixty. He won 213 00:14:15.120 --> 00:14:18.279 by one hundred and thirty six votes. And the Klan 214 00:14:19.120 --> 00:14:26.120 was absolutely absolutely furious because actually what they had done 215 00:14:26.360 --> 00:14:30.279 is they had run candidates, clan candidates for every office 216 00:14:30.320 --> 00:14:33.600 in the parish. Their goal was to take over the parish, 217 00:14:33.639 --> 00:14:36.080 but the one position that they wanted more than any 218 00:14:36.120 --> 00:14:40.039 other position was sheriff. Sheriff in Louisiana particular at that 219 00:14:40.120 --> 00:14:45.720 time was particularly particularly strong and the Klan felt that 220 00:14:45.799 --> 00:14:49.360 if we can take over as sheriffs, then we'll have 221 00:14:49.440 --> 00:14:53.279 control of law enforcement. We will be able to run 222 00:14:53.360 --> 00:14:56.120 the civil rights agitators out of town, will be able 223 00:14:56.159 --> 00:15:00.799 to extinguish any local efforts for civil rights. We will 224 00:15:01.159 --> 00:15:05.960 maintain segregation and therefore maintain white supremacy. But that goal 225 00:15:06.120 --> 00:15:11.960 was dashed when Crowe defeated their candidate in January of 226 00:15:12.039 --> 00:15:15.159 nineteen sixty four, And so now the Klan had to 227 00:15:15.200 --> 00:15:16.440 look at another way to fight. 228 00:15:19.639 --> 00:15:25.919 What does Sheriff Crow do in response as a result 229 00:15:25.960 --> 00:15:29.720 of the election, and who does he decide to hire 230 00:15:29.759 --> 00:15:30.120 and why? 231 00:15:31.240 --> 00:15:35.240 Well, here in lies the whole the matter right here. 232 00:15:36.879 --> 00:15:41.360 The Klan had heard that during the campaign for the 233 00:15:41.440 --> 00:15:45.399 sixty four and for sixty four that Crow had made 234 00:15:45.480 --> 00:15:49.399 a promise to black voters that if they helped him 235 00:15:49.440 --> 00:15:52.399 win re election, that he would name two black deputies. 236 00:15:52.399 --> 00:15:54.120 The Klan thought it was a big joke, but it 237 00:15:54.159 --> 00:15:57.320 wasn't a joke. Crow had gone to the black community 238 00:15:57.399 --> 00:16:01.000 and he said, indeed, support me again. Crowe was a 239 00:16:01.159 --> 00:16:05.519 kind of fellow. He could see that times were changing. 240 00:16:05.759 --> 00:16:08.679 He could see that blacks were going to have a 241 00:16:08.799 --> 00:16:12.320 role in government and things were going to change. And 242 00:16:12.360 --> 00:16:16.960 he realized that two black officers, particularly in patrolling black 243 00:16:17.000 --> 00:16:20.919 communities in the parish, would serve a good purpose. The 244 00:16:20.919 --> 00:16:24.000 black community would be better satisfied by that. And it's 245 00:16:24.039 --> 00:16:27.840 the way it usually started when black officers were hired 246 00:16:27.879 --> 00:16:32.399 for the first time. Well, Clynn heard these stories that 247 00:16:32.519 --> 00:16:35.200 the sheriff would do this, but they really did not 248 00:16:35.360 --> 00:16:38.639 believe that he would. But when his fifth term began 249 00:16:40.000 --> 00:16:45.159 in the summer of sixty four, he did just exactly 250 00:16:45.200 --> 00:16:47.759 what he promised the white community, and he hired two 251 00:16:47.759 --> 00:16:52.120 black deputies. He was given a list of five people 252 00:16:52.200 --> 00:16:55.399 recommended by the black community. He interviewed those candidates, and 253 00:16:55.480 --> 00:17:01.440 he chose only more early thirties father of four dollars 254 00:17:01.799 --> 00:17:06.960 wife Mavella, who's still alive and enjoying a good you know, 255 00:17:07.079 --> 00:17:12.240 enjoying healthy and doing well in Washington Parish, and Creed Rogers, 256 00:17:12.240 --> 00:17:14.440 who was in his early forties married and had one 257 00:17:14.519 --> 00:17:20.000 son who was older. Those men began their job on 258 00:17:20.200 --> 00:17:24.160 June one, nineteen sixty four, and when they took that job, 259 00:17:24.240 --> 00:17:33.440 the Klan was absolutely just furious and vowed revenge. And 260 00:17:33.720 --> 00:17:35.880 it wouldn't take long for a few things to happen 261 00:17:36.039 --> 00:17:40.720 in which really things would go from bad to worse. 262 00:17:40.839 --> 00:17:45.519 But the two deputies begin their jobs were basically liked 263 00:17:45.599 --> 00:17:49.200 by many people in the white community, and the sheriff 264 00:17:49.319 --> 00:17:53.480 was proud of the way they were working. And so 265 00:17:54.000 --> 00:17:58.000 here's what happened, basically is about a month. The one 266 00:17:58.000 --> 00:18:01.000 thing that the Klan did not want was and the 267 00:18:01.119 --> 00:18:04.200 thing that they feared because to understand how this rocked 268 00:18:04.240 --> 00:18:10.759 their world, they realized that when two black deputies were hired, 269 00:18:11.319 --> 00:18:14.839 that that badge that they wore, that behind that badge 270 00:18:14.880 --> 00:18:18.640 carried the full authority of the laws, local laws and 271 00:18:18.680 --> 00:18:22.160 the laws of the United States. And they realized that 272 00:18:22.279 --> 00:18:25.119 now a black man, for the first time ever in 273 00:18:25.200 --> 00:18:29.359 their lives, now had the authority to arrest a white 274 00:18:29.359 --> 00:18:32.880 person that did something wrong. And this was something that 275 00:18:32.920 --> 00:18:37.079 the clan had a hard difficult. In fact, not only 276 00:18:37.119 --> 00:18:39.519 could they not stand the thought of it, they vowed 277 00:18:39.559 --> 00:18:43.359 that this was not going to happen. So immediately after 278 00:18:43.440 --> 00:18:47.119 those deputies began their work, and all of the Klan 279 00:18:47.680 --> 00:18:50.640 meeting houses, which were called claverings across the parish, all 280 00:18:50.720 --> 00:18:52.480 the talk began, what are we going to do about 281 00:18:52.519 --> 00:18:54.920 these deputies? What are we going to do about these deputies? 282 00:18:56.160 --> 00:18:59.160 And then about a month later, the fueral grew even 283 00:18:59.240 --> 00:19:03.519 greater when owed him more and Creed Rogers were traveling 284 00:19:03.599 --> 00:19:07.119 down the road one night on patrol when they were 285 00:19:08.039 --> 00:19:12.599 jolted when another car bumped them in the back and 286 00:19:13.240 --> 00:19:16.160 both cars stopped. They got out and it was a 287 00:19:16.200 --> 00:19:19.759 white man in the other car, and he was intoxicated, 288 00:19:19.799 --> 00:19:23.799 heavily intoxicated. He no way that he could drive that car. 289 00:19:23.920 --> 00:19:28.079 He was a danger to society. They radioed in that 290 00:19:28.160 --> 00:19:31.160 they had this white man and they were told to 291 00:19:31.240 --> 00:19:35.240 bring this man to jail. They brought him to the county, 292 00:19:35.519 --> 00:19:39.519 to the parish jail in Franklinton. The man was arrested. 293 00:19:41.079 --> 00:19:46.519 He was this was his third DWI driving while intoxicated, 294 00:19:47.000 --> 00:19:49.759 although he had been pulled over multiple times and not 295 00:19:50.440 --> 00:19:54.240 given a ticket. And as a consequence of his record, 296 00:19:56.000 --> 00:20:00.559 he was sent to the state prison in Angola. And 297 00:20:00.640 --> 00:20:03.519 so now you have a case where a white man, 298 00:20:03.680 --> 00:20:06.920 what's the biggest clan, fear that authority of the law 299 00:20:06.960 --> 00:20:09.839 of these black men. And now a white man who 300 00:20:09.920 --> 00:20:15.119 was a relative and friend to several clansmen, now he 301 00:20:15.279 --> 00:20:17.240 is in jail because of what a black man did. 302 00:20:18.839 --> 00:20:26.559 And that's when that's when the determination became even greater 303 00:20:26.640 --> 00:20:28.119 that they were going to get those deputies. 304 00:20:30.240 --> 00:20:32.160 That's us his opportunity to stop for a second for 305 00:20:32.200 --> 00:20:32.960 these commercials. 306 00:20:34.039 --> 00:20:37.839 Wait, the Lucky Landslipes. You can get lucky just about anywhere. 307 00:20:38.680 --> 00:20:41.480 This is your captain speaking. We've got clear runway and 308 00:20:41.480 --> 00:20:43.279 the weather's five. But we're just going to circle up 309 00:20:43.319 --> 00:20:46.519 here a while and get lucky. Oh no, nothing like that. 310 00:20:46.640 --> 00:20:49.039 It's just these cash prizes add up quick. So I 311 00:20:49.079 --> 00:20:51.519 suggest you sit back, keep your trade table upright, and 312 00:20:51.759 --> 00:20:52.799 struck getting looking. 313 00:20:53.480 --> 00:20:55.599 Pay for free at Lucky landslipes dot com. 314 00:20:55.960 --> 00:20:59.640 Are you feeling lucky? No purchase necessary void, We're prohibited 315 00:20:59.680 --> 00:21:02.559 by Life eighteen plus terms and conditions applying to see 316 00:21:02.559 --> 00:21:03.599 website for detail. 317 00:21:04.799 --> 00:21:09.720 Now you talked about that was the seemingly catalyst for 318 00:21:10.920 --> 00:21:16.119 these people or these clansmen here. So what happens in 319 00:21:16.359 --> 00:21:21.559 just before this June first, given the climate that's going on, 320 00:21:22.240 --> 00:21:25.039 You talk about a meeting just before that with officials 321 00:21:25.519 --> 00:21:26.319 city officials. 322 00:21:28.680 --> 00:21:31.000 Well, yes, well this comes a little bit later. Let 323 00:21:31.039 --> 00:21:35.880 me take you through that. So during the course of 324 00:21:35.960 --> 00:21:39.240 their first year on the job, the Klan is constantly plotting. 325 00:21:40.640 --> 00:21:47.960 They harassed their deputies a couple of times an agent 326 00:21:48.119 --> 00:21:51.000 with a Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Department, threatens to give 327 00:21:51.039 --> 00:21:54.039 them a ticket when he finds them one night on 328 00:21:54.119 --> 00:21:56.480 the side of the road, out off the road in 329 00:21:56.559 --> 00:22:00.720 the distance target shooting with a can, you know, just 330 00:22:00.799 --> 00:22:04.279 shooting into this can, and he accuses them a knight hunting. 331 00:22:05.480 --> 00:22:07.920 He does not arrest him, but the deputies go and 332 00:22:08.000 --> 00:22:12.960 tell the sheriff what's happened, and the sheriff is infuriated. 333 00:22:13.240 --> 00:22:16.000 He writes to the head of the Louisiana Department Widlife 334 00:22:16.000 --> 00:22:21.039 and Fisheries and demands that that agent be sent out 335 00:22:21.079 --> 00:22:23.400 of the parish to someplace else. And the significance of 336 00:22:23.480 --> 00:22:26.960 the agent, his name was Lbert Strahan, was that Lbert 337 00:22:27.039 --> 00:22:35.359 Strahan was a clan official in Washington Parish. So things continue. 338 00:22:36.640 --> 00:22:39.960 We now have passed the Civil Rights after nineteen sixty four, 339 00:22:40.920 --> 00:22:44.039 and now the thing to do is how do we 340 00:22:44.160 --> 00:22:47.920 get implementation of that act? How is it now enforced 341 00:22:47.960 --> 00:22:52.240 by the federal government. So during early nineteen sixty five, 342 00:22:53.720 --> 00:22:59.119 the local civil rights groups, with help from the Congress 343 00:22:59.119 --> 00:23:02.799 will Racial Equality in some other civil rights groups, began 344 00:23:02.960 --> 00:23:08.480 to hold marches throughout the spring of winter and spring 345 00:23:08.640 --> 00:23:13.079 of sixty five. Things are very very tense in Bogalusa. 346 00:23:14.079 --> 00:23:19.359 There's a lot of fighting clansmen on the street to 347 00:23:19.359 --> 00:23:26.720 attacking marchers just for no reason whatsoever. The violence is 348 00:23:27.160 --> 00:23:31.119 continuing to grow. And among the things that the active 349 00:23:32.000 --> 00:23:35.960 civil rights workers demanded was is that the city began 350 00:23:36.079 --> 00:23:40.640 to enforce the Civil Rights Act in nineteen sixty four, 351 00:23:40.680 --> 00:23:45.640 in other words, hire black people for city jobs, enforce 352 00:23:45.759 --> 00:23:48.400 the law that black people can go into restaurants and 353 00:23:48.599 --> 00:23:52.440 set at the counter and order something to eat, that 354 00:23:53.079 --> 00:23:57.440 the police in Bogalusa quit harassing black people, and just 355 00:23:57.680 --> 00:24:00.960 multiple really very simple, simple things, but back then they 356 00:24:01.000 --> 00:24:04.880 were huge things. The mayor and the city council continued 357 00:24:04.920 --> 00:24:09.759 to deny these things until May of sixty four, when 358 00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:13.599 about mid May, I excuse mail of sixty five, about 359 00:24:13.680 --> 00:24:17.440 mid point of that month, he agrees to the demands, 360 00:24:17.480 --> 00:24:21.000 and the mayor has been influenced by Governor John mckiffyn. 361 00:24:22.279 --> 00:24:25.799 Mckiffen was elected in January of sixty four, at the 362 00:24:25.839 --> 00:24:28.400 same time Crowe was elected to his fifth term. Mckiffen 363 00:24:28.480 --> 00:24:32.920 had run as a segregationist, but he soon became a 364 00:24:33.079 --> 00:24:36.039 moderate on race, and he soon began to realize that 365 00:24:36.200 --> 00:24:39.640 Bogalusa was nothing but a powder keg and the only 366 00:24:39.720 --> 00:24:42.759 thing standing in the way of Bogolusa in Washington Parish 367 00:24:42.799 --> 00:24:45.400 following the war the law was the ku Klux Klan. 368 00:24:46.519 --> 00:24:51.319 He knew how the clan was. Mackiffin was from North Louisiana. 369 00:24:53.000 --> 00:24:57.640 He knew that he had to do something because he 370 00:24:57.759 --> 00:25:01.039 feared all out war in Boglu and he feared the 371 00:25:01.319 --> 00:25:06.519 loss of lives. So Mackifthin does something that really nobody 372 00:25:06.640 --> 00:25:09.240 ever knew about it until you know. I began researching 373 00:25:09.279 --> 00:25:12.440 this book and found some documents from FBI files that 374 00:25:12.720 --> 00:25:18.440 was really quite stunning. Publicly Mackiffin had had after the 375 00:25:19.440 --> 00:25:21.680 well he would later say that he had a secret 376 00:25:21.759 --> 00:25:24.599 meeting in gog Lusa, but he would not reveal what happened. 377 00:25:24.640 --> 00:25:30.200 But what he had done was he decided that I've 378 00:25:30.279 --> 00:25:32.240 got to go talk to some clan leaders. I've got 379 00:25:32.279 --> 00:25:34.079 to get them off the streets, and I got to 380 00:25:34.160 --> 00:25:39.599 demand it. So he goes to Bogalusa about the in 381 00:25:39.799 --> 00:25:43.880 late May of May thirty thirty one of sixty five, 382 00:25:44.880 --> 00:25:47.480 and he goes to the home of a clansman who 383 00:25:47.640 --> 00:25:51.039 just incidentally lives next door to his moral enemy, the sheriff, 384 00:25:51.720 --> 00:25:55.839 and he goes out there and there's clan leaders there, 385 00:25:55.880 --> 00:25:59.640 and Mafiffin says to them, you're going to have to 386 00:25:59.680 --> 00:26:02.640 get off the streets of Bogolusa. I'm going to demand 387 00:26:02.680 --> 00:26:05.359 that you do that. You're going to have to let 388 00:26:05.440 --> 00:26:08.759 this play out. And he told him that he supported 389 00:26:10.119 --> 00:26:16.400 the Bogalusa mayor in accepting the demands of the black community, 390 00:26:17.279 --> 00:26:20.759 and he also the Klan had immediately once the mayor 391 00:26:20.839 --> 00:26:23.799 had accepted those demands, the Klan began a recall petition 392 00:26:23.880 --> 00:26:27.759 against the mayor, and the governor said, stop that recall 393 00:26:27.839 --> 00:26:33.559 petition and get off the streets of Bogalusa. The Klan 394 00:26:34.279 --> 00:26:37.759 had one demand of Mackiffen to do it, and their 395 00:26:37.799 --> 00:26:42.200 demand was this, you get that white man out of 396 00:26:42.319 --> 00:26:46.039 jail that was put there in the state pen because 397 00:26:46.079 --> 00:26:48.680 of those two black deputies. And Mackiffen refused to do it. 398 00:26:50.400 --> 00:26:53.759 So he thought when he left, however, that most of 399 00:26:53.880 --> 00:26:56.680 them eventually agreed that they would do that, and he 400 00:26:56.960 --> 00:27:01.559 thought that he had gotten through to him. And then 401 00:27:01.680 --> 00:27:07.279