WEBVTT

1
00:00:00.200 --> 00:00:03.480
<v Speaker 1>Imagine the place where you can escape for a day,

2
00:00:04.240 --> 00:00:08.800
<v Speaker 1>get immersed in a world of rooms, inspiration, and expertise,

3
00:00:09.359 --> 00:00:14.880
<v Speaker 1>where you can lay luxury, accommodation and kids cam fees

4
00:00:15.080 --> 00:00:20.679
<v Speaker 1>from ninety five sets. Tickets are free to everyone and

5
00:00:20.800 --> 00:00:25.960
<v Speaker 1>include all the attractions you've just imagined. A day out

6
00:00:26.000 --> 00:00:29.719
<v Speaker 1>at the Gaia, the Kia, the Wonderful every Day.

7
00:00:30.480 --> 00:00:32.119
<v Speaker 2>Oh hey, it's a leady in front of you in

8
00:00:32.159 --> 00:00:35.159
<v Speaker 2>the check out with twenty six items who doesn't realize

9
00:00:35.200 --> 00:00:38.200
<v Speaker 2>she's in the express lane and is fully oblivious to

10
00:00:38.240 --> 00:00:42.119
<v Speaker 2>your Clare's ally ward back with another episode of Ologies,

11
00:00:42.479 --> 00:00:45.719
<v Speaker 2>So congrats for not skipping this one. You did it.

12
00:00:46.000 --> 00:00:49.320
<v Speaker 2>If it's in auto play and you're like, no, do

13
00:00:49.479 --> 00:00:52.079
<v Speaker 2>play the Scorpion one, it's too late, bitch, it's playing.

14
00:00:52.200 --> 00:00:55.159
<v Speaker 2>You're in this now. Don't pressed up, don't This one

15
00:00:55.200 --> 00:00:57.600
<v Speaker 2>is amazing. I promise that there are facts in this

16
00:00:57.679 --> 00:01:00.520
<v Speaker 2>episode you will drop in conversation and it will make

17
00:01:00.520 --> 00:01:03.560
<v Speaker 2>you one fucking forgettable. Okay, first, really quick, thank you

18
00:01:03.600 --> 00:01:06.840
<v Speaker 2>patrons for making the show possible. Via patreon dot com

19
00:01:06.840 --> 00:01:09.519
<v Speaker 2>slash Ologies, for as little as a dollar a month,

20
00:01:09.680 --> 00:01:12.200
<v Speaker 2>you can submit questions to ologists and buckle the hell

21
00:01:12.280 --> 00:01:14.640
<v Speaker 2>up because I'm about to record like ten episodes in

22
00:01:14.640 --> 00:01:16.879
<v Speaker 2>the next few weeks, and there are so many questions

23
00:01:16.959 --> 00:01:19.319
<v Speaker 2>you can submit, so hop on board. Thank you to

24
00:01:19.400 --> 00:01:23.879
<v Speaker 2>everyone in Ologies Merch available at aliward dot com, and

25
00:01:24.000 --> 00:01:26.920
<v Speaker 2>for tagging ologies Merch so I can repost it on Mondays.

26
00:01:27.000 --> 00:01:29.000
<v Speaker 2>Also thanks to everyone who makes sure that they are

27
00:01:29.040 --> 00:01:32.480
<v Speaker 2>subscribed and leaves a rating and a review. You know

28
00:01:32.560 --> 00:01:35.280
<v Speaker 2>I read them. I pick a fresh one each week.

29
00:01:35.519 --> 00:01:39.159
<v Speaker 2>This one, Eric Patopoff says, I've always loved science and

30
00:01:39.239 --> 00:01:40.959
<v Speaker 2>learning about the crazy world we live in, but I

31
00:01:41.040 --> 00:01:43.480
<v Speaker 2>bought into the idea that scientists were all super brainy

32
00:01:43.480 --> 00:01:46.159
<v Speaker 2>people in lab quotes who preferred sterile labs to dealing

33
00:01:46.159 --> 00:01:48.159
<v Speaker 2>with normal people. Where did I get that idea from.

34
00:01:48.200 --> 00:01:50.040
<v Speaker 2>Not only do I love all the ology subjects, but

35
00:01:50.079 --> 00:01:52.560
<v Speaker 2>each ologist is so gosh darned down to earth and

36
00:01:52.599 --> 00:01:55.079
<v Speaker 2>knowledgeable and excited and someone I would love to nerd

37
00:01:55.120 --> 00:01:57.719
<v Speaker 2>out with over a beer. This podcast fills the role

38
00:01:57.760 --> 00:02:01.879
<v Speaker 2>of the Scholastic book fair from minority element comentary school days. Ericapatopov,

39
00:02:02.040 --> 00:02:05.239
<v Speaker 2>thank you for reminding me of the soft coover paradise

40
00:02:05.359 --> 00:02:09.319
<v Speaker 2>that was the Scholastic book Fair. Okay, Scorpiology, Hell to

41
00:02:09.439 --> 00:02:12.360
<v Speaker 2>the yes, this is a real ology. It's a subset

42
00:02:12.439 --> 00:02:17.280
<v Speaker 2>of arachnology iraknans, and scorpion comes from the Greek. Are

43
00:02:17.280 --> 00:02:21.280
<v Speaker 2>you ready for this? For scorpion? Okay, that is not

44
00:02:21.439 --> 00:02:23.159
<v Speaker 2>something that made me say, oh my god.

45
00:02:23.240 --> 00:02:23.599
<v Speaker 1>All right.

46
00:02:23.639 --> 00:02:27.560
<v Speaker 2>So this ologist I met under very, very weird circumstances

47
00:02:27.840 --> 00:02:30.719
<v Speaker 2>two years ago in a dusty field in the middle

48
00:02:30.759 --> 00:02:34.800
<v Speaker 2>of nowhere at a festival for burning man types. While

49
00:02:34.840 --> 00:02:37.520
<v Speaker 2>we were both speaking on a panel about science. We

50
00:02:37.520 --> 00:02:40.919
<v Speaker 2>were a little wide eyed and just kind of sussing

51
00:02:40.960 --> 00:02:43.680
<v Speaker 2>things out. I dug her immediately. I've wanted her on

52
00:02:43.840 --> 00:02:46.439
<v Speaker 2>for so long. Scheduling was difficult, but she was in

53
00:02:46.560 --> 00:02:49.479
<v Speaker 2>LA for a five hundred Queer Scientist conference and to

54
00:02:49.560 --> 00:02:53.000
<v Speaker 2>accept the twenty nineteen Walt Weston Award for her support

55
00:02:53.280 --> 00:02:56.159
<v Speaker 2>that she provides LGBTQ people in stem. This is where

56
00:02:56.199 --> 00:02:57.800
<v Speaker 2>we're gonna throw some air horns. I think we need

57
00:02:57.800 --> 00:03:01.960
<v Speaker 2>some air horns for that now. I went to her hotel,

58
00:03:02.360 --> 00:03:06.039
<v Speaker 2>just kiddaly and I asked her one million questions. We

59
00:03:06.159 --> 00:03:10.960
<v Speaker 2>covered myths about scorpions, what big pinchers mean, movie magic?

60
00:03:11.240 --> 00:03:14.520
<v Speaker 2>How lethal are these critters? Where is their butt? Do

61
00:03:14.560 --> 00:03:17.639
<v Speaker 2>they make out with each other? Parables about scorpions, glow

62
00:03:17.639 --> 00:03:20.879
<v Speaker 2>in the dark, magic, getting stung, and also why hiding

63
00:03:20.960 --> 00:03:24.080
<v Speaker 2>under a rock is beneficial for some insects but can

64
00:03:24.120 --> 00:03:27.680
<v Speaker 2>be very difficult for people emotionally. So bust out your

65
00:03:27.680 --> 00:03:30.680
<v Speaker 2>black light, keep your ears on alert for STEM advocate,

66
00:03:30.879 --> 00:03:35.919
<v Speaker 2>science communicator, researcher, expedition leader and curator at the California

67
00:03:36.000 --> 00:04:00.159
<v Speaker 2>Academy of Sciences. Scorpiologist doctor Lauren Esposito. Okay, so you are.

68
00:04:00.360 --> 00:04:04.319
<v Speaker 2>I looked this up. You're an a racknologist, yes, but

69
00:04:04.639 --> 00:04:07.400
<v Speaker 2>I saw that there is a subset that is scorpiology.

70
00:04:07.599 --> 00:04:12.439
<v Speaker 3>There is scorpiology, So I'm technically speaking a scorpiologist, but

71
00:04:12.479 --> 00:04:14.319
<v Speaker 3>I've been trying to broaden my horizons and being a

72
00:04:14.400 --> 00:04:18.959
<v Speaker 3>racknologist study more other kinds of irakanids aside from scorpions.

73
00:04:19.000 --> 00:04:23.680
<v Speaker 3>So I'm abudding a racknologist, budding, and an accomplished scorpiologist.

74
00:04:25.120 --> 00:04:30.040
<v Speaker 2>Your business card should say accomplished scorpiologist. Now I met

75
00:04:30.079 --> 00:04:33.560
<v Speaker 2>you a couple of years ago. Yeah, in the deserts

76
00:04:33.680 --> 00:04:36.319
<v Speaker 2>at a festival, symbiosis festival. Yeah.

77
00:04:37.560 --> 00:04:39.480
<v Speaker 3>I was like shell shocked. I think when I met you,

78
00:04:39.560 --> 00:04:41.279
<v Speaker 3>I was like, I don't know what's going on. There's

79
00:04:41.360 --> 00:04:43.160
<v Speaker 3>so many people, and I'm pretty sure they're all high

80
00:04:43.160 --> 00:04:43.720
<v Speaker 3>on drugs.

81
00:04:43.759 --> 00:04:48.439
<v Speaker 2>You know, there were so few pants and shirts worn.

82
00:04:49.360 --> 00:04:52.199
<v Speaker 3>I remember in the middle was it in the middle

83
00:04:52.240 --> 00:04:54.120
<v Speaker 3>of our panel or was it I gave it like

84
00:04:54.160 --> 00:04:56.240
<v Speaker 3>another little talk, so I can't remember which one it was,

85
00:04:56.279 --> 00:04:58.720
<v Speaker 3>but like a fully naked guy just walking into the

86
00:04:58.759 --> 00:05:01.199
<v Speaker 3>tent and he was so high and you just walked

87
00:05:01.240 --> 00:05:03.079
<v Speaker 3>up to the front of the station with just standing

88
00:05:03.120 --> 00:05:09.480
<v Speaker 3>there like mesmerized, like fully naked.

89
00:05:11.199 --> 00:05:14.120
<v Speaker 2>It was one of the one of the stranger places

90
00:05:14.120 --> 00:05:15.800
<v Speaker 2>I think we've communicated science.

91
00:05:16.000 --> 00:05:18.680
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, but it's good, right, Like it's like take like

92
00:05:18.720 --> 00:05:21.199
<v Speaker 3>you gotta you gotta get it in there whenever you can.

93
00:05:21.399 --> 00:05:24.519
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's if you've got a captive audience talk to

94
00:05:24.600 --> 00:05:28.839
<v Speaker 2>about science. I remember meeting you and you you told

95
00:05:28.839 --> 00:05:30.399
<v Speaker 2>me you were a scorpion expert, and I was like,

96
00:05:30.480 --> 00:05:33.000
<v Speaker 2>how many scorpion experts are there? And You're like, not many?

97
00:05:33.160 --> 00:05:35.240
<v Speaker 2>And I have bragged about you so many times. We're like,

98
00:05:35.319 --> 00:05:39.079
<v Speaker 2>I met a scorpion expert. There's like ten in the world.

99
00:05:39.319 --> 00:05:43.279
<v Speaker 2>How many people study scorpions with the depth that you do.

100
00:05:44.000 --> 00:05:46.040
<v Speaker 3>Oh, there's definitely not many of us. And I would say,

101
00:05:46.120 --> 00:05:50.240
<v Speaker 3>like people that have a like a PhD in scorpions

102
00:05:51.000 --> 00:05:53.120
<v Speaker 3>a dozen that most Oh my.

103
00:05:53.000 --> 00:05:57.120
<v Speaker 2>God, are you ever in the same room rarely?

104
00:05:57.439 --> 00:06:00.759
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, Scorpion biologists, I think are like kind of like scorpions.

105
00:06:00.800 --> 00:06:05.079
<v Speaker 3>Like they're like not really particularly keen on meeting each other,

106
00:06:06.040 --> 00:06:12.879
<v Speaker 3>like slightly combative, but incredibly intelligent and persistent. I mean,

107
00:06:13.079 --> 00:06:14.839
<v Speaker 3>present company included.

108
00:06:15.000 --> 00:06:17.439
<v Speaker 2>I guess what drew you to scorpions?

109
00:06:17.879 --> 00:06:21.639
<v Speaker 3>Well, this is such a complicated question, like nothing, really,

110
00:06:21.959 --> 00:06:25.000
<v Speaker 3>it was kind of like serendipity. I grew up in

111
00:06:25.199 --> 00:06:29.079
<v Speaker 3>the in the desert Southwest, so I saw scorpions certainly

112
00:06:29.120 --> 00:06:32.879
<v Speaker 3>as a kid, but I wasn't particularly like intrigued or

113
00:06:33.519 --> 00:06:37.319
<v Speaker 3>wanting to dedicate my life to the study of these animals.

114
00:06:38.319 --> 00:06:41.199
<v Speaker 3>And then I but I was like super into nature,

115
00:06:41.399 --> 00:06:43.800
<v Speaker 3>and I loved like turning over all the papers in

116
00:06:43.800 --> 00:06:47.040
<v Speaker 3>my mom's garden and looking for cockroaches and earwigs and stuff,

117
00:06:47.560 --> 00:06:52.040
<v Speaker 3>which she didn't love but also especially didn't love when

118
00:06:52.040 --> 00:06:55.879
<v Speaker 3>I brought them inside alive. And my mom's a biologist,

119
00:06:55.920 --> 00:06:58.240
<v Speaker 3>and eventually she taught me how to make a killing

120
00:06:58.360 --> 00:07:00.839
<v Speaker 3>jar so that instead of bringing her live cockroaches, I

121
00:07:00.839 --> 00:07:03.000
<v Speaker 3>would bring her euthanized cockroaches.

122
00:07:03.120 --> 00:07:04.399
<v Speaker 2>Oh, what is a killing jar?

123
00:07:04.519 --> 00:07:06.879
<v Speaker 3>Is it just like a cotton ball with cotton No,

124
00:07:06.920 --> 00:07:08.680
<v Speaker 3>it's a cotton ball with figuring out polish remover and

125
00:07:09.120 --> 00:07:10.920
<v Speaker 3>like an old peanut butter jar.

126
00:07:11.040 --> 00:07:13.759
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, it sounds a killing jar sounds so

127
00:07:13.839 --> 00:07:14.319
<v Speaker 2>much more.

128
00:07:14.519 --> 00:07:16.319
<v Speaker 3>Sounds like grotesque and morbid.

129
00:07:16.480 --> 00:07:16.680
<v Speaker 1>Yeah.

130
00:07:17.000 --> 00:07:19.759
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, like here, take this killing jar out and go

131
00:07:19.759 --> 00:07:23.199
<v Speaker 3>out into the garden. No, but it's and it's euthanasia.

132
00:07:23.199 --> 00:07:26.160
<v Speaker 3>It's like a humane way of quickly euthanizing insects. And

133
00:07:26.160 --> 00:07:27.759
<v Speaker 3>so my mom taught me how to make one of these,

134
00:07:27.800 --> 00:07:31.519
<v Speaker 3>and and I would like collect insects from the garden

135
00:07:31.560 --> 00:07:35.279
<v Speaker 3>and make an insect collection and old egg cartons. And

136
00:07:35.600 --> 00:07:37.600
<v Speaker 3>but then I grew up and like forgot that I

137
00:07:37.839 --> 00:07:39.720
<v Speaker 3>liked that stuff because I was a teenager and was

138
00:07:39.759 --> 00:07:45.000
<v Speaker 3>mostly into, like I don't know, doing what teenagers do. Yeah,

139
00:07:45.040 --> 00:07:47.480
<v Speaker 3>like like rebel rousing and.

140
00:07:47.399 --> 00:07:49.720
<v Speaker 2>Getting on people's lawns, turning up the music too loud.

141
00:07:49.800 --> 00:07:52.480
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, toilet papering, you know those kinds of things. And

142
00:07:54.000 --> 00:07:57.600
<v Speaker 3>then like halfway through college I I took an entomology

143
00:07:57.600 --> 00:07:59.439
<v Speaker 3>class and was like, oh my god, I love this.

144
00:08:00.000 --> 00:08:01.680
<v Speaker 3>And then I applied for a summer internship with the

145
00:08:01.680 --> 00:08:04.560
<v Speaker 3>American Museum in Natural History, not knowing it was going

146
00:08:04.639 --> 00:08:07.639
<v Speaker 3>to be an internship studying scorpions, which it was, And

147
00:08:09.079 --> 00:08:11.040
<v Speaker 3>I got it and I showed up and they like

148
00:08:11.279 --> 00:08:14.600
<v Speaker 3>dumped me in the lap of a new curator at

149
00:08:14.639 --> 00:08:17.839
<v Speaker 3>the American Museum, Lorenzo Berndini, who would later become my

150
00:08:17.879 --> 00:08:18.800
<v Speaker 3>PhD advisor.

151
00:08:18.959 --> 00:08:19.720
<v Speaker 1>Oh.

152
00:08:19.839 --> 00:08:22.480
<v Speaker 2>So she and this new curator spent the summer figuring

153
00:08:22.519 --> 00:08:25.920
<v Speaker 2>out a research system and then for Newbie Lauren, the

154
00:08:26.000 --> 00:08:28.959
<v Speaker 2>New York City subway system probably, And then when the

155
00:08:29.000 --> 00:08:31.879
<v Speaker 2>internship was over, she realized she loved science, but she

156
00:08:31.959 --> 00:08:34.279
<v Speaker 2>didn't want to go to medical school like she thought.

157
00:08:34.440 --> 00:08:37.879
<v Speaker 2>She'd rather be outdoors and studying nature. So she thought

158
00:08:38.080 --> 00:08:41.600
<v Speaker 2>graduate school. So she contacted her curator from the internship

159
00:08:41.639 --> 00:08:44.080
<v Speaker 2>and he said, Yo, come back, get your PhD working

160
00:08:44.120 --> 00:08:46.720
<v Speaker 2>with me in these freaking scorps so sick. And she

161
00:08:46.799 --> 00:08:49.159
<v Speaker 2>was like, towyt, I think that was a compo.

162
00:08:49.240 --> 00:08:52.480
<v Speaker 3>Like, moved to New York and do a PhD. Like absolutely,

163
00:08:52.519 --> 00:08:53.080
<v Speaker 3>I'll do that.

164
00:08:53.879 --> 00:08:55.399
<v Speaker 2>Are there even scorpions in New York?

165
00:08:55.480 --> 00:08:57.200
<v Speaker 3>No, there's no scorpions in New York. I didn't think

166
00:08:57.279 --> 00:08:59.039
<v Speaker 3>there's none at all. I mean, there's a museum full

167
00:08:59.080 --> 00:09:02.759
<v Speaker 3>of probably the world's greatest collection of scorpions, but there's

168
00:09:02.759 --> 00:09:05.559
<v Speaker 3>certainly no living scorpions. But the good news is you

169
00:09:05.559 --> 00:09:07.399
<v Speaker 3>can hop on a plane from New York and get

170
00:09:07.399 --> 00:09:10.200
<v Speaker 3>just about anywhere in the world relatively quickly, and I did.

171
00:09:10.320 --> 00:09:11.879
<v Speaker 3>It was scorpions are die.

172
00:09:13.080 --> 00:09:15.200
<v Speaker 2>Which I feel like scorpions does. They do have a

173
00:09:15.240 --> 00:09:17.440
<v Speaker 2>high stakes reputation pretty much like that.

174
00:09:17.840 --> 00:09:20.480
<v Speaker 3>I think scorpions like kind of like even more so

175
00:09:20.559 --> 00:09:24.159
<v Speaker 3>than spiders. Everybody's like, oh, they're They're definitely gonna kill you.

176
00:09:24.279 --> 00:09:28.159
<v Speaker 3>Oh sure, any encounter will be lethal for you for sure.

177
00:09:28.440 --> 00:09:30.559
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. If you see a scorpion from six feet away,

178
00:09:30.840 --> 00:09:32.679
<v Speaker 2>you will drop dead later that day, even if you

179
00:09:32.720 --> 00:09:33.320
<v Speaker 2>have no contact.

180
00:09:33.360 --> 00:09:36.399
<v Speaker 3>It's gonna jump across the room and go flying like

181
00:09:36.399 --> 00:09:38.159
<v Speaker 3>like wings are going to come out of its body,

182
00:09:38.200 --> 00:09:40.320
<v Speaker 3>and it will try to kill you no matter what.

183
00:09:40.759 --> 00:09:43.360
<v Speaker 3>Are ruthless, secretive and highly organized.

184
00:09:43.639 --> 00:09:46.039
<v Speaker 2>They are not. We will address this later. No, at

185
00:09:46.080 --> 00:09:47.840
<v Speaker 2>what point when you were studying them, did you say,

186
00:09:47.879 --> 00:09:49.320
<v Speaker 2>holy shit, these are cool?

187
00:09:49.919 --> 00:09:52.240
<v Speaker 3>You know? It was really it started when I was

188
00:09:52.440 --> 00:09:55.759
<v Speaker 3>doing that undergraduate internship and I realize, like, man, scorpions

189
00:09:55.799 --> 00:09:57.440
<v Speaker 3>are amazing for so many reasons.

190
00:09:57.720 --> 00:10:00.559
<v Speaker 2>Oo, boy, how do you get ready for this. Oh, okay,

191
00:10:00.600 --> 00:10:01.399
<v Speaker 2>here we go, Here we go.

192
00:10:01.559 --> 00:10:06.480
<v Speaker 3>One. They were the first terrestrial arthropod predators, So before

193
00:10:06.720 --> 00:10:10.679
<v Speaker 3>anything else was on land, scorpions came on land. These

194
00:10:10.720 --> 00:10:15.039
<v Speaker 3>little beasts, they weren't little then. They were like the

195
00:10:15.080 --> 00:10:18.159
<v Speaker 3>ancestors of scorpions were like a meter. They were huge

196
00:10:18.639 --> 00:10:23.039
<v Speaker 3>three feet yeah, three feet maybe even bigger, maybe five

197
00:10:23.159 --> 00:10:23.960
<v Speaker 3>in some cases.

198
00:10:24.120 --> 00:10:24.919
<v Speaker 2>That's crazy.

199
00:10:25.039 --> 00:10:28.679
<v Speaker 3>And they were these like underwater marine predators that were

200
00:10:28.720 --> 00:10:32.639
<v Speaker 3>like ruling the oceans at the time. And eventually some

201
00:10:32.679 --> 00:10:36.159
<v Speaker 3>people have hypothesized that because we found these ancient trackways

202
00:10:36.159 --> 00:10:39.840
<v Speaker 3>alongside rivers of scorpions, so they were little footprints embedded

203
00:10:39.879 --> 00:10:42.440
<v Speaker 3>in rock. Well it was mud that turned into rock

204
00:10:42.480 --> 00:10:46.480
<v Speaker 3>over time, and they've hypothesized that they were actually became

205
00:10:46.559 --> 00:10:49.080
<v Speaker 3>amphibious and were coming up on the land to eat

206
00:10:49.159 --> 00:10:52.600
<v Speaker 3>spawning fish. Oh like grizzlies, right, you know, grizzlies like

207
00:10:52.639 --> 00:10:54.960
<v Speaker 3>come in the river and eat the spawning fish. They

208
00:10:54.960 --> 00:10:56.480
<v Speaker 3>were doing the same thing, but they were like the

209
00:10:56.519 --> 00:10:58.519
<v Speaker 3>size of grizzlies, and they were scorpions.

210
00:10:58.799 --> 00:11:01.120
<v Speaker 1>Comes to scorpions, the bigger the better.

211
00:11:01.600 --> 00:11:05.120
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god. I literally am having like vertigo, like

212
00:11:05.200 --> 00:11:07.559
<v Speaker 2>I can't just imagining a scorpion the size of like

213
00:11:07.600 --> 00:11:08.639
<v Speaker 2>a kiddie pool.

214
00:11:08.559 --> 00:11:08.639
<v Speaker 4>Just.

215
00:11:10.159 --> 00:11:13.200
<v Speaker 2>Like like a crazy like an alligator.

216
00:11:13.080 --> 00:11:14.879
<v Speaker 3>Basically like an alligator. They were these things. They were

217
00:11:14.919 --> 00:11:19.039
<v Speaker 3>called eurypterids, the ancestors of scorpions, and eventually the gills

218
00:11:19.080 --> 00:11:21.600
<v Speaker 3>that they had to breathe underwater were internalized and that

219
00:11:21.639 --> 00:11:24.759
<v Speaker 3>allowed them to live on land. And so the scorpions

220
00:11:24.759 --> 00:11:28.720
<v Speaker 3>of today basically look identical to the scorpions of four

221
00:11:28.799 --> 00:11:30.759
<v Speaker 3>hundred and fifty million years ago. So they've been on

222
00:11:30.799 --> 00:11:32.600
<v Speaker 3>Earth forever, right, So we can ask all kinds of

223
00:11:32.639 --> 00:11:34.559
<v Speaker 3>crazy questions about what happened on Earth in the last

224
00:11:34.559 --> 00:11:36.840
<v Speaker 3>four hundred and fifty million years by trying to understand

225
00:11:36.919 --> 00:11:39.679
<v Speaker 3>the evolutionary history of scorpions.

226
00:11:39.600 --> 00:11:42.039
<v Speaker 2>And so, how do you think they got and.

227
00:11:42.039 --> 00:11:47.240
<v Speaker 3>Littler well, there's like the main driving factor behind why

228
00:11:47.519 --> 00:11:50.159
<v Speaker 3>insects and arachnids are not as big as they used

229
00:11:50.200 --> 00:11:52.200
<v Speaker 3>to be, as big as the fossils we find is

230
00:11:52.240 --> 00:11:57.240
<v Speaker 3>the oxygen percentage in the air in the atmosphere. Oh,

231
00:11:57.440 --> 00:12:02.320
<v Speaker 3>because scorpions and spiders and insects all basically passively respire,

232
00:12:02.440 --> 00:12:04.320
<v Speaker 3>so they don't breathe, they don't have lungs where they're

233
00:12:04.360 --> 00:12:09.000
<v Speaker 3>breathing in and out, and they don't have closed circulatory systems.

234
00:12:09.000 --> 00:12:11.080
<v Speaker 3>They just kind of have blood that like gets pumped

235
00:12:11.080 --> 00:12:13.639
<v Speaker 3>around by a heart, just open up in their body.

236
00:12:14.399 --> 00:12:18.200
<v Speaker 3>And so the rate at which oxygen can get to

237
00:12:18.360 --> 00:12:20.399
<v Speaker 3>all their tissues that they need for walking around and

238
00:12:20.440 --> 00:12:23.639
<v Speaker 3>moving and eating and doing all the things is limited

239
00:12:23.639 --> 00:12:26.120
<v Speaker 3>by how much a concentration of oxygen there is in

240
00:12:26.159 --> 00:12:29.120
<v Speaker 3>the air. And over time the oxygen concentration has gone down.

241
00:12:29.399 --> 00:12:32.720
<v Speaker 2>So Laurene explained that when life started coming on land

242
00:12:32.840 --> 00:12:35.919
<v Speaker 2>and there were more and more air breathing critters, the

243
00:12:35.960 --> 00:12:40.159
<v Speaker 2>carbon dioxide output increased and the oxygen levels went down.

244
00:12:40.320 --> 00:12:43.480
<v Speaker 2>So when you have less fuel, you downsize. So think

245
00:12:43.519 --> 00:12:47.240
<v Speaker 2>of turning in a hummer for a Fiat, but slowly

246
00:12:47.399 --> 00:12:50.440
<v Speaker 2>as a result of evolution and all of your relatives

247
00:12:50.600 --> 00:12:53.720
<v Speaker 2>dying off before you. Okay, So, apart from the last

248
00:12:53.759 --> 00:12:56.799
<v Speaker 2>four hundred and fifty million years of history, where can

249
00:12:56.840 --> 00:13:00.519
<v Speaker 2>we find scorpions? And so where do scorpions live? Clearly

250
00:13:00.559 --> 00:13:01.600
<v Speaker 2>not in New York City.

251
00:13:01.399 --> 00:13:04.080
<v Speaker 3>Oh my gosh. They live basically everywhere that there's not

252
00:13:04.600 --> 00:13:07.519
<v Speaker 3>major freezes for long parts of the year. Okay, So,

253
00:13:07.799 --> 00:13:10.799
<v Speaker 3>like like imagine a place the scorpions and you're not

254
00:13:10.840 --> 00:13:14.919
<v Speaker 3>unaware there's probably scorpions there. They're not in Antarctica because

255
00:13:14.919 --> 00:13:18.279
<v Speaker 3>there's really nothing, I mean, aside from like penguins and

256
00:13:18.440 --> 00:13:21.559
<v Speaker 3>things in the ocean, and there's not much in Antarctica bacteria.

257
00:13:21.639 --> 00:13:24.200
<v Speaker 3>They're also not in the Arctic because it's cold. It's

258
00:13:24.240 --> 00:13:25.960
<v Speaker 3>like snow on the ground all year round. But they

259
00:13:26.000 --> 00:13:28.279
<v Speaker 3>are in places like the Alps, so you wouldn't expect

260
00:13:28.320 --> 00:13:31.080
<v Speaker 3>them to be in the Alps or like the upper

261
00:13:31.679 --> 00:13:35.600
<v Speaker 3>reaches of the Andes, like in Argentina, there's scorpions. My

262
00:13:35.679 --> 00:13:38.799
<v Speaker 3>real area of speciality is the Neotropics, so I go

263
00:13:38.840 --> 00:13:42.120
<v Speaker 3>to the Caribbeans, the Central America, South America, but I've

264
00:13:42.159 --> 00:13:46.840
<v Speaker 3>been to places like islands off the coast of Equatorial Africa,

265
00:13:49.200 --> 00:13:53.279
<v Speaker 3>Southeast Asia. I don't know, I've been like all over

266
00:13:53.279 --> 00:13:55.559
<v Speaker 3>the world looking for those little buggers. At the point

267
00:13:55.559 --> 00:13:57.519
<v Speaker 3>when I decided to do a PhD, I think that

268
00:13:57.519 --> 00:13:59.360
<v Speaker 3>that was part of the intrigue for me, was that

269
00:13:59.399 --> 00:14:03.000
<v Speaker 3>there was this potential to travel the world doing science

270
00:14:03.279 --> 00:14:07.519
<v Speaker 3>and incorporating two things that I love, which is traveling

271
00:14:07.600 --> 00:14:10.960
<v Speaker 3>and science. But you know what's kind of funny is

272
00:14:10.960 --> 00:14:13.720
<v Speaker 3>is like recently I remembered this thing that happened to

273
00:14:13.720 --> 00:14:16.000
<v Speaker 3>me when I was a kid, and it was in

274
00:14:16.039 --> 00:14:18.879
<v Speaker 3>the sixth grade, and I had a homeroom teacher who

275
00:14:18.960 --> 00:14:21.480
<v Speaker 3>gave us this assignment. And assignment was to write an

276
00:14:21.559 --> 00:14:23.200
<v Speaker 3>essay about what you want to do when you grew up?

277
00:14:23.200 --> 00:14:25.639
<v Speaker 3>Like pretty straightforward, right, Like I feel like that happens

278
00:14:25.639 --> 00:14:28.120
<v Speaker 3>all the time in school. But I was so upset

279
00:14:28.159 --> 00:14:29.799
<v Speaker 3>about it because I didn't know what I wanted to be,

280
00:14:30.200 --> 00:14:33.279
<v Speaker 3>and like I remember even like crying at home over

281
00:14:33.320 --> 00:14:36.240
<v Speaker 3>this assignment because it was like so frustrating for me

282
00:14:36.559 --> 00:14:38.720
<v Speaker 3>that I had to write what, like, no, at this

283
00:14:38.960 --> 00:14:40.960
<v Speaker 3>age of I don't know how old are you in

284
00:14:40.960 --> 00:14:43.879
<v Speaker 3>sixth grade, ten or eleven, what I should want? What

285
00:14:43.919 --> 00:14:45.759
<v Speaker 3>I should do when I grew up. I knew lots

286
00:14:45.759 --> 00:14:47.120
<v Speaker 3>of things I didn't want to do, but I didn't

287
00:14:47.120 --> 00:14:49.440
<v Speaker 3>know what I did want to do, And eventually I

288
00:14:49.480 --> 00:14:53.080
<v Speaker 3>settled on I wasn't sure, but I knew I either

289
00:14:53.080 --> 00:14:56.679
<v Speaker 3>wanted to be a rocket scientist or a hobo. And

290
00:14:56.720 --> 00:15:00.159
<v Speaker 3>I mean hobo in the sense of like like train travel,

291
00:15:00.320 --> 00:15:01.720
<v Speaker 3>see the world hobo, right.

292
00:15:01.679 --> 00:15:05.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, just freewheeling quick aside to learn you on some

293
00:15:05.399 --> 00:15:08.919
<v Speaker 2>hobo facts. Cool cool, Okay, So the word hobo is

294
00:15:08.960 --> 00:15:13.799
<v Speaker 2>of unknown origin, but it may be from homeward bound

295
00:15:14.000 --> 00:15:19.440
<v Speaker 2>like hobo or homeless boy hobo or from ho boy

296
00:15:19.840 --> 00:15:23.159
<v Speaker 2>meaning like a farm hand who would travel riding the

297
00:15:23.240 --> 00:15:25.559
<v Speaker 2>rails looking for jobs. Can I just tell you a

298
00:15:25.559 --> 00:15:26.840
<v Speaker 2>little bit more about hobo? Okay?

299
00:15:26.840 --> 00:15:27.120
<v Speaker 1>Great?

300
00:15:27.240 --> 00:15:30.679
<v Speaker 2>So they had specialized lingo, such as, for example, to

301
00:15:30.759 --> 00:15:34.080
<v Speaker 2>flip meant to board a moving train, and a mulligan

302
00:15:34.440 --> 00:15:38.039
<v Speaker 2>is a type of community stew created by several hobos

303
00:15:38.200 --> 00:15:40.799
<v Speaker 2>combining whatever food they had into one big pot. Also,

304
00:15:40.879 --> 00:15:43.519
<v Speaker 2>a jungle was a hobo camp. And to catch the

305
00:15:43.559 --> 00:15:49.120
<v Speaker 2>westbound meant to die? Is that not poetry? Catching the westbound? Also,

306
00:15:49.200 --> 00:15:51.799
<v Speaker 2>they made a code of conduct for hobos at the

307
00:15:51.879 --> 00:15:55.200
<v Speaker 2>National Hobo Convention in eighteen eighty nine, and the code

308
00:15:55.200 --> 00:15:59.360
<v Speaker 2>of conduct is legit, starting with one, decide your own life.

309
00:15:59.519 --> 00:16:02.039
<v Speaker 2>Don't let another person run or rule you.

310
00:16:02.600 --> 00:16:02.840
<v Speaker 3>Two.

311
00:16:02.919 --> 00:16:06.559
<v Speaker 2>When in town, always respect the local law and officials.

312
00:16:06.759 --> 00:16:09.559
<v Speaker 2>Try to be a gentleman at all times sexist but

313
00:16:09.600 --> 00:16:12.600
<v Speaker 2>a good rule. Three, don't take advantage of someone who

314
00:16:12.639 --> 00:16:15.720
<v Speaker 2>was in a vulnerable situation, locals or other hoboes.

315
00:16:16.080 --> 00:16:16.320
<v Speaker 3>Four.

316
00:16:16.440 --> 00:16:19.639
<v Speaker 2>Always try to find work, even if temporary, and always

317
00:16:19.639 --> 00:16:22.679
<v Speaker 2>seek out jobs nobody wants They also had codes of

318
00:16:22.720 --> 00:16:26.279
<v Speaker 2>contact to stay clean, to report anyone who harmed children.

319
00:16:26.600 --> 00:16:29.320
<v Speaker 2>We should all be as decent as hobos. Also, they

320
00:16:29.320 --> 00:16:31.960
<v Speaker 2>had these symbols that they would leave to guide other hoboes.

321
00:16:32.399 --> 00:16:34.799
<v Speaker 2>This led me to a web page for the National

322
00:16:34.799 --> 00:16:37.919
<v Speaker 2>Cryptologic Museum in Maryland, which, yes, I now have to

323
00:16:37.919 --> 00:16:42.000
<v Speaker 2>do a cryptology episode, so bad. Okay. So in closing,

324
00:16:42.200 --> 00:16:47.720
<v Speaker 2>hobos clean, kindly, respectful folks who traveled for work and

325
00:16:47.840 --> 00:16:50.519
<v Speaker 2>saw the land, and so for Lauren is either that

326
00:16:51.039 --> 00:16:52.440
<v Speaker 2>or be a rocket scientist.

327
00:16:52.759 --> 00:16:54.960
<v Speaker 3>And I feel like, actually, I like hit that that

328
00:16:55.320 --> 00:16:58.080
<v Speaker 3>like intersection, you know, like I'm doing science. I'm like

329
00:16:58.200 --> 00:17:02.159
<v Speaker 3>using like like technological tools like genetics and genomics and

330
00:17:02.240 --> 00:17:04.599
<v Speaker 3>at the same time traveling the world. So I am

331
00:17:04.680 --> 00:17:06.839
<v Speaker 3>exactly in the middle of rocket scientists and hope, oh

332
00:17:06.920 --> 00:17:08.319
<v Speaker 3>my god, like nailed it.

333
00:17:08.559 --> 00:17:11.240
<v Speaker 2>And now tell me a little bit about the basic

334
00:17:11.279 --> 00:17:13.559
<v Speaker 2>structure of a scorpion, Like what are we dealing with?

335
00:17:13.599 --> 00:17:15.680
<v Speaker 2>Because I feel like they got crab in the front,

336
00:17:16.000 --> 00:17:19.200
<v Speaker 2>they got snake face in the back with the venom, like.

337
00:17:19.119 --> 00:17:21.359
<v Speaker 3>They got the business end in the back. Yeah, what

338
00:17:22.000 --> 00:17:25.200
<v Speaker 3>it's like a mullet, right, So, so scorpions, like all

339
00:17:25.240 --> 00:17:30.960
<v Speaker 3>arachnids have two primary body parts. They have a pro soma,

340
00:17:31.079 --> 00:17:34.920
<v Speaker 3>which is like the head, and they have a pistosoma,

341
00:17:34.960 --> 00:17:37.559
<v Speaker 3>which is like the body. So the picture a spider,

342
00:17:37.559 --> 00:17:40.599
<v Speaker 3>there's two main chunks, but scorpions have this extra little

343
00:17:40.599 --> 00:17:43.519
<v Speaker 3>business end, which is the tail, and their pro soma

344
00:17:43.559 --> 00:17:45.880
<v Speaker 3>and epistosoma are sort of fused, so there's not like

345
00:17:45.880 --> 00:17:48.279
<v Speaker 3>a real delineation between the head and the body. And

346
00:17:48.319 --> 00:17:51.680
<v Speaker 3>then up in the front they have two pairs of appendages.

347
00:17:51.680 --> 00:17:54.240
<v Speaker 3>They have callissary, which are their mouth parts, and they

348
00:17:54.240 --> 00:17:56.359
<v Speaker 3>have these chewing mouthparts that they use basically to like

349
00:17:56.480 --> 00:18:02.680
<v Speaker 3>rip up meat roma before they get it down their gullet.

350
00:18:03.640 --> 00:18:06.319
<v Speaker 3>And then they have claws that they use mostly for

351
00:18:06.759 --> 00:18:10.039
<v Speaker 3>grabbing onto prey. Like in some scorpions, they just use

352
00:18:10.079 --> 00:18:13.480
<v Speaker 3>the claus to grab their prey. They don't ever actually

353
00:18:13.480 --> 00:18:15.240
<v Speaker 3>need to sing them because they have these big, chunky

354
00:18:15.240 --> 00:18:19.119
<v Speaker 3>claws like picture those big black imper scorpions that you

355
00:18:19.160 --> 00:18:20.400
<v Speaker 3>see in the movies all the time. They have these

356
00:18:20.519 --> 00:18:23.000
<v Speaker 3>huge claws up front and they almost never use their tail,

357
00:18:23.000 --> 00:18:26.720
<v Speaker 3>and their venoms not very toxic. But other scorpions have

358
00:18:26.759 --> 00:18:29.839
<v Speaker 3>these really slender, thin claws and they really just use

359
00:18:29.880 --> 00:18:33.319
<v Speaker 3>those for manipulating prey items, and mostly use the tail

360
00:18:33.440 --> 00:18:36.720
<v Speaker 3>and really powerful super toxic venom for disabling their prey

361
00:18:37.119 --> 00:18:41.599
<v Speaker 3>and escaping predators. Steady stabby claws in the front, tail

362
00:18:41.640 --> 00:18:43.039
<v Speaker 3>in the back, and at the very end of the

363
00:18:43.039 --> 00:18:46.319
<v Speaker 3>tail is the stinger, and the stinger is a looks

364
00:18:46.400 --> 00:18:49.119
<v Speaker 3>kind of like a bulb, like a light bulb, and

365
00:18:49.599 --> 00:18:52.119
<v Speaker 3>at the end of that is a hypodermic needle, And

366
00:18:52.319 --> 00:18:59.200
<v Speaker 3>inside of the bulb is a layer of secretory cells,

367
00:18:59.240 --> 00:19:02.839
<v Speaker 3>so cells that crete toxins, and it's surrounded by muscle

368
00:19:02.880 --> 00:19:05.240
<v Speaker 3>that allows them to squeeze those toxins out of the

369
00:19:05.279 --> 00:19:09.680
<v Speaker 3>cells into the hypodermic needle that they use inject into

370
00:19:09.720 --> 00:19:10.240
<v Speaker 3>their prey.

371
00:19:10.759 --> 00:19:13.000
<v Speaker 2>Okay, so their venom bulb, it's kind of like one

372
00:19:13.000 --> 00:19:15.720
<v Speaker 2>of those little squirty things you would jam into your

373
00:19:15.720 --> 00:19:19.519
<v Speaker 2>ear hole to flesh out funky chunks, only it's a

374
00:19:19.559 --> 00:19:23.039
<v Speaker 2>nerve toxin made by DNA that they probably had for

375
00:19:23.119 --> 00:19:27.119
<v Speaker 2>something else but evolved it to become venom. So what

376
00:19:27.240 --> 00:19:28.640
<v Speaker 2>is in this exactly?

377
00:19:28.920 --> 00:19:30.799
<v Speaker 3>But the really crazy thing is that their venom is

378
00:19:30.839 --> 00:19:34.319
<v Speaker 3>not just one thing. It's actually a complex cocktail of

379
00:19:34.359 --> 00:19:36.559
<v Speaker 3>all sorts of different components, and they have things like

380
00:19:36.839 --> 00:19:42.200
<v Speaker 3>antimicrobials in there, enzymes that break open tissue and help

381
00:19:42.240 --> 00:19:46.000
<v Speaker 3>them digest, and then they also have these complex neuropeptides.

382
00:19:46.039 --> 00:19:49.519
<v Speaker 3>And neuropeptides are basically things that, when they interact with

383
00:19:49.559 --> 00:19:52.119
<v Speaker 3>your nervous system, tell your nerves to either send a

384
00:19:52.160 --> 00:19:54.519
<v Speaker 3>signal when there's not supposed to be sending a signal,

385
00:19:54.920 --> 00:19:58.440
<v Speaker 3>or they inhibit the transmission of signals between cells.

386
00:19:58.799 --> 00:20:02.240
<v Speaker 2>Neuropeptides, by the bio are chains of amino acids that

387
00:20:02.279 --> 00:20:05.599
<v Speaker 2>form these protein like molecules that your nervous system uses

388
00:20:05.640 --> 00:20:10.359
<v Speaker 2>to communicate, and the neuropeptides bind to receptors and activate

389
00:20:10.440 --> 00:20:14.000
<v Speaker 2>a bunch of events inside a neuron. The neuropeptides and

390
00:20:14.119 --> 00:20:18.000
<v Speaker 2>venom can jack that system by cutting off the neurons

391
00:20:18.039 --> 00:20:20.319
<v Speaker 2>from talking to each other or sending signals when they

392
00:20:20.359 --> 00:20:24.200
<v Speaker 2>shouldn't be talking. So venom is like when someone grabs

393
00:20:24.200 --> 00:20:28.079
<v Speaker 2>your phone and starts dming people it shouldn't, or withholding

394
00:20:28.079 --> 00:20:30.559
<v Speaker 2>a text from your boss. Okay, what if you're like

395
00:20:30.559 --> 00:20:33.559
<v Speaker 2>a cricket and you don't have a boss or a phone.

396
00:20:33.880 --> 00:20:35.279
<v Speaker 2>What does that do if you're prey?

397
00:20:35.480 --> 00:20:38.200
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, so if your prey, what it might do is

398
00:20:38.200 --> 00:20:42.079
<v Speaker 3>disable you keep you from moving, send you into a seizure,

399
00:20:42.640 --> 00:20:45.480
<v Speaker 3>really just dis incapacitate you very quickly so that you

400
00:20:45.519 --> 00:20:49.640
<v Speaker 3>can be eaten and make baby scorpions mm hmm with

401
00:20:49.720 --> 00:20:52.079
<v Speaker 3>the energy that you get from your prey. But if

402
00:20:52.119 --> 00:20:56.160
<v Speaker 3>you're a predator, what it does is it sends pain

403
00:20:56.200 --> 00:20:59.119
<v Speaker 3>signals to your brain, telling your brain that you're on fire.

404
00:20:59.319 --> 00:21:03.480
<v Speaker 2>Oh my, we're hiring on fire sale.

405
00:21:03.720 --> 00:21:06.480
<v Speaker 3>Oh my god, when you're really not. And that pause,

406
00:21:06.599 --> 00:21:10.000
<v Speaker 3>that signal interruption caused by the scorpion venom allows the

407
00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:12.200
<v Speaker 3>scorpion a moment to escape from the prey while the

408
00:21:12.200 --> 00:21:15.799
<v Speaker 3>predators reacting to this signal that it's forcing its body

409
00:21:15.799 --> 00:21:16.640
<v Speaker 3>to send to itself.

410
00:21:16.880 --> 00:21:22.240
<v Speaker 2>What types of scorpions have venom that is powerful enough

411
00:21:22.279 --> 00:21:25.039
<v Speaker 2>to say incapacity like a dog or a human? Like,

412
00:21:25.599 --> 00:21:27.240
<v Speaker 2>how much do they get a bad rep?

413
00:21:27.480 --> 00:21:30.640
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, well they get a pretty bad rep. I would say. Overall,

414
00:21:30.640 --> 00:21:33.279
<v Speaker 3>there's like, so far, we've discovered about twenty five hundred

415
00:21:33.359 --> 00:21:37.279
<v Speaker 3>species of scorpions, give or take, and about twenty five

416
00:21:37.359 --> 00:21:40.759
<v Speaker 3>of those are something that are a concern for a

417
00:21:40.799 --> 00:21:43.880
<v Speaker 3>healthy human and there's you know, maybe a dozen or

418
00:21:43.920 --> 00:21:46.160
<v Speaker 3>two more that are a concern for people that have

419
00:21:46.200 --> 00:21:51.559
<v Speaker 3>a compromise immune system, or are elderly or very young.

420
00:21:51.960 --> 00:21:55.160
<v Speaker 3>So the majority of scorpions, that means like less than

421
00:21:55.160 --> 00:21:57.799
<v Speaker 3>ten percent of all scorpions are something that are really

422
00:21:57.880 --> 00:22:00.440
<v Speaker 3>dangerous that we need to be worried about. Said, all

423
00:22:00.440 --> 00:22:02.720
<v Speaker 3>scorpions do have a stinger, and they can jab it

424
00:22:02.720 --> 00:22:06.039
<v Speaker 3>into your body, and they can inject things that are

425
00:22:06.039 --> 00:22:08.599
<v Speaker 3>in their venom, but oftentimes those things are more mild

426
00:22:08.599 --> 00:22:09.960
<v Speaker 3>than a beasting or wasp sing.

427
00:22:10.119 --> 00:22:12.799
<v Speaker 2>Oh, okay, what happens if you do get stung by

428
00:22:12.839 --> 00:22:15.039
<v Speaker 2>a scorpion? Well, has that ever happened to you?

429
00:22:15.359 --> 00:22:17.559
<v Speaker 3>It's happened one time. For a long time. I got

430
00:22:17.559 --> 00:22:21.039
<v Speaker 3>to say, no, okay, I'm a professional, and I take precaution.

431
00:22:21.599 --> 00:22:22.359
<v Speaker 2>Suit of armor.

432
00:22:24.240 --> 00:22:28.759
<v Speaker 3>But like a year ago now, yeah, actually almost exactly

433
00:22:28.759 --> 00:22:31.799
<v Speaker 3>one year ago, I was at this event and I

434
00:22:31.880 --> 00:22:33.960
<v Speaker 3>was passing scorpions around that I had found in the

435
00:22:33.960 --> 00:22:38.559
<v Speaker 3>forest a little children for them to hold as one does,

436
00:22:39.039 --> 00:22:42.119
<v Speaker 3>And like I was passing a scorpion from one child

437
00:22:42.200 --> 00:22:43.920
<v Speaker 3>to another, and it got grumpy, like I think it

438
00:22:43.920 --> 00:22:46.119
<v Speaker 3>had had too many grubby kid hands on it, and

439
00:22:46.160 --> 00:22:48.240
<v Speaker 3>it stung me, and I was like almost confused when

440
00:22:48.240 --> 00:22:50.799
<v Speaker 3>it was stinging me. I was like what are you doing?

441
00:22:50.880 --> 00:22:54.480
<v Speaker 3>Because I'd handled these kind of scorpions like many, many times.

442
00:22:54.519 --> 00:22:57.880
<v Speaker 3>It's a scorpion called the Pacific redwood scorpion or Pacific

443
00:22:57.880 --> 00:23:00.720
<v Speaker 3>forest scorpion. We have them all throughout the Bay area

444
00:23:00.880 --> 00:23:04.759
<v Speaker 3>and northward. And I was like, what is it, what

445
00:23:04.799 --> 00:23:06.160
<v Speaker 3>are you doing? What's happening here?

446
00:23:06.200 --> 00:23:07.319
<v Speaker 2>This is not normal?

447
00:23:08.079 --> 00:23:09.960
<v Speaker 3>And then it hurt, you know, My finger kind of

448
00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:13.759
<v Speaker 3>throbbed for maybe ten or fifteen minutes, and it felt

449
00:23:13.799 --> 00:23:15.839
<v Speaker 3>like if I had jammed of thumbtack in my finger,

450
00:23:15.960 --> 00:23:17.759
<v Speaker 3>you know, like if you jam with thumbtack in your finger,

451
00:23:17.839 --> 00:23:19.839
<v Speaker 3>your finger throbs. But then it went away and nothing,

452
00:23:19.839 --> 00:23:22.359
<v Speaker 3>there was no long term consequences. Let me step back

453
00:23:22.359 --> 00:23:24.599
<v Speaker 3>and say that there's two major groups of scorpions. There's

454
00:23:24.839 --> 00:23:27.759
<v Speaker 3>a group called the boothed scorpions. It's one of the

455
00:23:27.799 --> 00:23:31.279
<v Speaker 3>oldest lineages of scorpions, and it's also has the greatest

456
00:23:31.359 --> 00:23:34.680
<v Speaker 3>number of species compared to all the other lineages. And

457
00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.279
<v Speaker 3>those ones all make neurotoxins that affect mammals, So they

458
00:23:39.319 --> 00:23:42.119
<v Speaker 3>make neurotoxins that can interact with our nervous system.

459
00:23:42.359 --> 00:23:44.680
<v Speaker 2>Again, these are the booth heids. And I looked everywhere

460
00:23:44.680 --> 00:23:46.599
<v Speaker 2>to find out where the name boothed comes from. And

461
00:23:46.640 --> 00:23:49.680
<v Speaker 2>I think it's from the Greek for ox or cow,

462
00:23:49.799 --> 00:23:52.480
<v Speaker 2>because there's stings were thought to be real cow killers.

463
00:23:52.680 --> 00:23:55.319
<v Speaker 3>Again booth hits, and so all of those have a

464
00:23:55.359 --> 00:23:59.000
<v Speaker 3>more painful sting or put in. The ones that are

465
00:23:59.079 --> 00:24:02.920
<v Speaker 3>potentially lethal to humans belong to that group, the boothoeds. Oh,

466
00:24:03.000 --> 00:24:06.000
<v Speaker 3>and then all the other scorpions are non boothoeds. Ah.

467
00:24:06.079 --> 00:24:08.279
<v Speaker 3>All the other groups of scorpions, and all those guys

468
00:24:08.440 --> 00:24:11.680
<v Speaker 3>typically don't make neurotoxins that affect mammal nervous systems.

469
00:24:12.079 --> 00:24:15.640
<v Speaker 2>But considering their reputation of scorpions, they do carry some

470
00:24:15.920 --> 00:24:20.319
<v Speaker 2>dramatic names like the black spitting, thick tailed scorpion or

471
00:24:20.319 --> 00:24:23.759
<v Speaker 2>the man killer or death stalker. These kind of sound

472
00:24:23.880 --> 00:24:28.119
<v Speaker 2>like nineteen seventies carnival rides, so bitchen ps. When I

473
00:24:28.160 --> 00:24:32.079
<v Speaker 2>googled scorpions with cool names, I pulled up an article

474
00:24:32.279 --> 00:24:36.240
<v Speaker 2>entitled no Joke from a baby blog, Ten fierce baby

475
00:24:36.319 --> 00:24:39.480
<v Speaker 2>names for your Scorpio. Given I am a scorpio, I

476
00:24:39.480 --> 00:24:42.640
<v Speaker 2>had to read it, and among the suggestions for your

477
00:24:42.839 --> 00:24:50.119
<v Speaker 2>autumn infant who will undoubtedly cause drama are the names Crispin, evening, steal,

478
00:24:50.759 --> 00:24:55.880
<v Speaker 2>and nix not unlike scorpion venom itself. This article caused

479
00:24:55.960 --> 00:24:58.960
<v Speaker 2>some involuntary sweating and gagging.

480
00:24:58.880 --> 00:25:02.799
<v Speaker 3>But scientific are jumped up by the scientists that first

481
00:25:02.960 --> 00:25:05.039
<v Speaker 3>recognize that species as being a new species.

482
00:25:05.319 --> 00:25:07.480
<v Speaker 2>Have you gotten to name any I have?

483
00:25:07.720 --> 00:25:10.279
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, Well, we discover new scorpions all the time. There's

484
00:25:10.319 --> 00:25:14.960
<v Speaker 3>like maybe fifty or so added a year to for knowledge.

485
00:25:15.039 --> 00:25:16.200
<v Speaker 2>How do you decide how to name?

486
00:25:16.880 --> 00:25:20.039
<v Speaker 3>Well, different people have different approaches, and a name is

487
00:25:20.079 --> 00:25:23.359
<v Speaker 3>really considered like something in honor of So if you

488
00:25:23.480 --> 00:25:26.079
<v Speaker 3>use a person or a thing, you're naming it in

489
00:25:26.160 --> 00:25:29.119
<v Speaker 3>honor of that person or that thing. And oftentimes people

490
00:25:29.200 --> 00:25:31.240
<v Speaker 3>take the approach where they're like naming it something that

491
00:25:31.359 --> 00:25:34.599
<v Speaker 3>describes its physical attributes, so the name has like Latin

492
00:25:34.680 --> 00:25:39.640
<v Speaker 3>words for slender or pale or yellow or whatever. Other

493
00:25:39.680 --> 00:25:43.119
<v Speaker 3>people use names that come from indigenous languages where they're found,

494
00:25:43.119 --> 00:25:45.079
<v Speaker 3>which is one of the things that methods I like

495
00:25:45.160 --> 00:25:47.799
<v Speaker 3>to use because I feel like it's it's honoring the

496
00:25:47.839 --> 00:25:53.359
<v Speaker 3>place where the scorpion is from and integrating the indigenous knowledge.

497
00:25:53.720 --> 00:25:56.000
<v Speaker 2>That's great. Ask me how many species I've discovered?

498
00:25:56.319 --> 00:25:56.799
<v Speaker 3>How many?

499
00:25:56.960 --> 00:25:57.240
<v Speaker 1>None?

500
00:25:57.480 --> 00:25:59.119
<v Speaker 3>Oh, well, we could fix that if you want.

501
00:25:59.440 --> 00:26:01.400
<v Speaker 2>Can I count the desert. Just turn over some rocks,

502
00:26:01.440 --> 00:26:02.680
<v Speaker 2>be like, do we know this guy yet?

503
00:26:02.880 --> 00:26:05.519
<v Speaker 3>My favorite place is a tropical jungle. So you could

504
00:26:05.519 --> 00:26:06.839
<v Speaker 3>come in a tropical jungle and do that.

505
00:26:06.920 --> 00:26:10.079
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, it's just sign up, just large luggage,

506
00:26:10.240 --> 00:26:13.039
<v Speaker 2>put me in it. Oh my god. Now when you're

507
00:26:13.079 --> 00:26:16.960
<v Speaker 2>discovering scorpions, I understand that there are black lights involved.

508
00:26:17.119 --> 00:26:20.359
<v Speaker 2>There are, yeah, so tell me everything about why they

509
00:26:20.440 --> 00:26:22.480
<v Speaker 2>fluoresce under black lights. Every time I see it, I

510
00:26:22.480 --> 00:26:25.039
<v Speaker 2>feel like I'm looking at like a Bob Marley poster

511
00:26:25.359 --> 00:26:27.759
<v Speaker 2>and I'm on drugs in college, Like what's happening? Might be?

512
00:26:28.079 --> 00:26:32.119
<v Speaker 3>That is so trippy. So scorpions, all scorpions fluoreses. It's

513
00:26:32.599 --> 00:26:36.839
<v Speaker 3>a tree universals of scorpions. What fluorescence means basically is

514
00:26:36.839 --> 00:26:41.519
<v Speaker 3>that that there's a pigment in the exoskeleton of scorpions

515
00:26:41.559 --> 00:26:43.279
<v Speaker 3>that's embedded in there. It's called cormorin.

516
00:26:43.599 --> 00:26:46.720
<v Speaker 2>So side note, Cormorine is often found in plants, and

517
00:26:46.759 --> 00:26:51.279
<v Speaker 2>according to this Wikipedia prose, it has quote a sweet

518
00:26:51.319 --> 00:26:55.599
<v Speaker 2>odor resembling the scent of newly mown hay. It's also

519
00:26:55.640 --> 00:26:59.960
<v Speaker 2>found in cassia, cinnamon, in fake vanilla, and in perfume.

520
00:27:00.400 --> 00:27:04.720
<v Speaker 2>Oh and it makes venomous arthropods glow like ravers. Also ps.

521
00:27:05.039 --> 00:27:07.519
<v Speaker 2>I never did drugs in college. I was straight edge

522
00:27:07.519 --> 00:27:09.680
<v Speaker 2>goth with like five jobs and a bunch of science

523
00:27:09.759 --> 00:27:13.039
<v Speaker 2>lab homework. But my roommates owned a six foot bong,

524
00:27:13.240 --> 00:27:17.480
<v Speaker 2>so I observed a lot of black light staring anyway, Cormoran.

525
00:27:17.319 --> 00:27:19.799
<v Speaker 3>What it does is it takes in light waves just

526
00:27:19.839 --> 00:27:23.400
<v Speaker 3>from light, ambient light, and it excites those white those

527
00:27:23.480 --> 00:27:27.039
<v Speaker 3>light waves and then projects them back at a higher wavelength.

528
00:27:27.960 --> 00:27:31.000
<v Speaker 3>So that's what causes the fluorescence. It's not like a

529
00:27:31.079 --> 00:27:34.880
<v Speaker 3>reflection or it's actually like an excitation of light beams.

530
00:27:35.119 --> 00:27:40.920
<v Speaker 3>And so they all fluoress this bright like neon toxic

531
00:27:41.000 --> 00:27:47.400
<v Speaker 3>sludge green under ultra violet light. And we don't really

532
00:27:47.519 --> 00:27:52.240
<v Speaker 3>know why they have this feature. There's there's a few possibilities.

533
00:27:52.319 --> 00:27:56.559
<v Speaker 3>One it's just a byproduct of how their exoskeleton forms,

534
00:27:56.920 --> 00:28:00.359
<v Speaker 3>like the process in which they form their exoskeleton creates

535
00:28:00.359 --> 00:28:04.799
<v Speaker 3>a fluorescence. Or alternatively, it has like a function that's

536
00:28:04.839 --> 00:28:07.640
<v Speaker 3>helpful for them, And there's a few possibilities. One that's

537
00:28:07.640 --> 00:28:11.000
<v Speaker 3>been proposed is that it's a whole body light detection system,

538
00:28:11.599 --> 00:28:14.200
<v Speaker 3>so it allows them to detect when there's light, which

539
00:28:14.920 --> 00:28:18.279
<v Speaker 3>I think could very well be. But also they have eyes,

540
00:28:18.319 --> 00:28:21.279
<v Speaker 3>so typically they can see if there's light outside or not,

541
00:28:21.440 --> 00:28:24.559
<v Speaker 3>so it could be another function as well. The other

542
00:28:24.599 --> 00:28:27.000
<v Speaker 3>functions that have been thought up are that it's a

543
00:28:27.079 --> 00:28:30.559
<v Speaker 3>way to tell other animals that they're dangerous, like bees

544
00:28:30.599 --> 00:28:34.319
<v Speaker 3>are black and yellow, and that black and yellow is

545
00:28:34.359 --> 00:28:38.200
<v Speaker 3>like a sign that they're dangerous. Scorpions are active at night,

546
00:28:38.240 --> 00:28:40.240
<v Speaker 3>and at night, colors don't show up very well, and

547
00:28:40.319 --> 00:28:42.519
<v Speaker 3>things that are active at night can't see very well

548
00:28:42.559 --> 00:28:47.039
<v Speaker 3>in color. So many things that are that are doing

549
00:28:47.119 --> 00:28:52.759
<v Speaker 3>things at night have have evolved greater UV capabilities, and

550
00:28:52.799 --> 00:28:55.559
<v Speaker 3>so flowers that bloom at night have a UV pattern

551
00:28:55.599 --> 00:28:58.759
<v Speaker 3>that attracts pollinators. So scorpions that are active at night

552
00:28:58.839 --> 00:29:01.039
<v Speaker 3>might want a UV pattern to say hey, wait this,

553
00:29:01.200 --> 00:29:03.240
<v Speaker 3>I'm dangerous and you should stay away from me, like

554
00:29:03.240 --> 00:29:06.119
<v Speaker 3>a warning color. Or they're actually trying to mimic something

555
00:29:06.160 --> 00:29:08.799
<v Speaker 3>else like a flower and attract things so that they

556
00:29:08.799 --> 00:29:09.359
<v Speaker 3>can eat them.

557
00:29:09.440 --> 00:29:10.000
<v Speaker 1>Oh my god.

558
00:29:10.079 --> 00:29:11.920
<v Speaker 3>So those are all the possibilities.

559
00:29:12.160 --> 00:29:15.200
<v Speaker 2>Do you think that they're ancient ancestors that were ginormous

560
00:29:15.319 --> 00:29:16.039
<v Speaker 2>could fluoresce?

561
00:29:16.480 --> 00:29:20.640
<v Speaker 3>Well, there is some a geologists mention that there's some

562
00:29:20.680 --> 00:29:24.680
<v Speaker 3>really well preserved fossils that preserve cuticle and the cuticle fluoresces.

563
00:29:24.799 --> 00:29:25.559
<v Speaker 3>Oh my god.

564
00:29:26.200 --> 00:29:29.279
<v Speaker 2>So side note this is due to their glowing hyaline

565
00:29:29.319 --> 00:29:32.519
<v Speaker 2>layer in their axis skeleton. Also, did you know that

566
00:29:32.599 --> 00:29:36.240
<v Speaker 2>horseshoe crabs also glow under UV light and so do

567
00:29:36.400 --> 00:29:43.000
<v Speaker 2>proteins in human saliva, sweat, urine semen. Just in case

568
00:29:43.039 --> 00:29:46.920
<v Speaker 2>you like checking hotel rooms for secretions. How many black

569
00:29:47.000 --> 00:29:48.160
<v Speaker 2>light flashlights do you have?

570
00:29:49.039 --> 00:29:50.359
<v Speaker 3>You know what? I feel like, I just like go

571
00:29:50.400 --> 00:29:53.519
<v Speaker 3>through them like like candy. Like I can't even keep

572
00:29:53.519 --> 00:29:55.279
<v Speaker 3>track of them in ninety percent of the time. But

573
00:29:55.319 --> 00:29:57.559
<v Speaker 3>I do have two that are really nice ones that

574
00:29:57.640 --> 00:29:59.839
<v Speaker 3>I like, spend a lot of money buying from a

575
00:30:00.119 --> 00:30:02.720
<v Speaker 3>company that like crafts them m hm. And those ones

576
00:30:02.759 --> 00:30:04.400
<v Speaker 3>are my babies. I know where they are at all times.

577
00:30:04.799 --> 00:30:07.039
<v Speaker 2>If someone wanted to go out and look for critters

578
00:30:07.039 --> 00:30:09.079
<v Speaker 2>at night, do you think getting a black light and

579
00:30:09.240 --> 00:30:10.759
<v Speaker 2>just checking things out?

580
00:30:10.920 --> 00:30:13.160
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I mean, like in some places I saw them

581
00:30:13.160 --> 00:30:15.480
<v Speaker 3>at home depot. You can go on a scorpion hunt.

582
00:30:15.559 --> 00:30:17.160
<v Speaker 3>And the thing that the trick is to go out

583
00:30:17.160 --> 00:30:19.839
<v Speaker 3>at night because one, you can't really see anything with

584
00:30:19.880 --> 00:30:21.319
<v Speaker 3>the black light during the day because it's not a

585
00:30:21.400 --> 00:30:25.160
<v Speaker 3>very bright wavelength of light, so it gets washed out

586
00:30:25.160 --> 00:30:28.839
<v Speaker 3>by daylight. And two Scorpions are nocturnal, so they're active

587
00:30:28.960 --> 00:30:31.680
<v Speaker 3>at night, not not during the day.

588
00:30:31.839 --> 00:30:34.640
<v Speaker 2>And in case you're looking for a black light bug

589
00:30:34.720 --> 00:30:38.200
<v Speaker 2>hunt or a guess that splatter game in your hotel,

590
00:30:38.440 --> 00:30:40.799
<v Speaker 2>you can get a UV flashlight for around ten bucks.

591
00:30:41.079 --> 00:30:43.240
<v Speaker 2>But then I was curious as to how much a

592
00:30:43.319 --> 00:30:45.759
<v Speaker 2>really good one costs, and I searched on Amazon the

593
00:30:45.839 --> 00:30:48.799
<v Speaker 2>highest to lowest price. There's one on there. It's four

594
00:30:48.880 --> 00:30:52.799
<v Speaker 2>hundred watt ultraviolet led emitter. It's six grand, and then

595
00:30:52.799 --> 00:30:54.839
<v Speaker 2>they jump down to a couple hundreds. Also, at this

596
00:30:54.920 --> 00:30:56.960
<v Speaker 2>point we talked a little bit about the zodiac sign

597
00:30:56.960 --> 00:30:59.640
<v Speaker 2>for scorpios. We're like mm, and it's like, okay, if

598
00:30:59.640 --> 00:31:02.039
<v Speaker 2>you're a certain time of the year, there's a connect

599
00:31:02.039 --> 00:31:05.200
<v Speaker 2>the dots with some stars. It really could have been anything. Sure,

600
00:31:05.519 --> 00:31:08.240
<v Speaker 2>does the constellation look a little bit like a scorpion.

601
00:31:08.559 --> 00:31:11.839
<v Speaker 2>Maybe it also looks kind of like a Bissle steam cleaner,

602
00:31:12.079 --> 00:31:14.559
<v Speaker 2>So who knows. Instead of a scorpio, I could have

603
00:31:14.640 --> 00:31:18.160
<v Speaker 2>just been like a carpet cleaner. Now, what about scorpions

604
00:31:18.160 --> 00:31:21.400
<v Speaker 2>in movies or pop culture? Is there any movie that

605
00:31:21.680 --> 00:31:24.359
<v Speaker 2>really does a good job with scorpions or one that

606
00:31:24.400 --> 00:31:25.519
<v Speaker 2>really gets your goat.

607
00:31:26.480 --> 00:31:28.119
<v Speaker 3>You know what, Like I feel like there are always

608
00:31:28.440 --> 00:31:30.920
<v Speaker 3>The problem I have with movies and scorpions is that

609
00:31:31.240 --> 00:31:33.160
<v Speaker 3>they're always very inaccurate.

610
00:31:33.319 --> 00:31:35.359
<v Speaker 2>Okay, Like why in every.

611
00:31:35.160 --> 00:31:37.920
<v Speaker 3>Single movie does it have to be the Emperor scorpion.

612
00:31:37.920 --> 00:31:41.480
<v Speaker 3>Emperor scorpions are from tropical Africa. They most definitely do

613
00:31:41.559 --> 00:31:45.359
<v Speaker 3>not live in deserts. There's definitely no black scorpions living

614
00:31:45.400 --> 00:31:48.599
<v Speaker 3>in a like white sandy desert. Oh, it doesn't exist.

615
00:31:48.640 --> 00:31:50.279
<v Speaker 3>They want to blend in with their environment. They're not

616
00:31:50.319 --> 00:31:53.240
<v Speaker 3>trying to stand out like black on white background. M hm.

617
00:31:53.559 --> 00:31:56.039
<v Speaker 3>So why why? I just don't understand it, Like can

618
00:31:56.079 --> 00:31:58.000
<v Speaker 3>they consult with a biologist and figure out what the

619
00:31:58.039 --> 00:32:01.680
<v Speaker 3>appropriate colored species is for the place that they're shooting.

620
00:32:02.039 --> 00:32:04.000
<v Speaker 2>Are they ember scorpions easier to handle?

621
00:32:04.319 --> 00:32:04.519
<v Speaker 1>Yeah?

622
00:32:04.599 --> 00:32:06.559
<v Speaker 3>I mean they're really common in the pet trade, and

623
00:32:06.640 --> 00:32:09.920
<v Speaker 3>actually for that reason, they're the only scorpion that's considered

624
00:32:09.960 --> 00:32:14.119
<v Speaker 3>to be threatened or endangered ooh, because they've been over

625
00:32:14.160 --> 00:32:17.039
<v Speaker 3>harvested for the pet trade because of all those movies.

626
00:32:17.119 --> 00:32:17.319
<v Speaker 3>You know.

627
00:32:17.599 --> 00:32:21.480
<v Speaker 2>So, some researchers think that scorpion venom may have cancer

628
00:32:21.519 --> 00:32:23.960
<v Speaker 2>fighting properties, or it could be used to develop like

629
00:32:24.000 --> 00:32:27.200
<v Speaker 2>anti inflammatory drugs, and it's reported that a gallon of

630
00:32:27.240 --> 00:32:31.960
<v Speaker 2>scorpion venom is worth are you ready thirty nine million dollars?

631
00:32:32.319 --> 00:32:34.839
<v Speaker 2>Thirty nine million dollars. In a year or two ago,

632
00:32:34.880 --> 00:32:37.720
<v Speaker 2>there was this get rich quick scheme that started to

633
00:32:37.839 --> 00:32:40.640
<v Speaker 2>spread in the Middle East countries like Iran. It was

634
00:32:40.720 --> 00:32:44.400
<v Speaker 2>just promising a fortune to anyone who could poach or

635
00:32:44.559 --> 00:32:48.640
<v Speaker 2>raise and milk scorpions of their venom. But it's turned

636
00:32:48.640 --> 00:32:51.480
<v Speaker 2>out to be a total bust. So labs are not

637
00:32:51.640 --> 00:32:55.119
<v Speaker 2>interested in amateur venom milkers. So what are they gonna

638
00:32:55.119 --> 00:32:58.799
<v Speaker 2>do with all these scorpions now? I guess just release them,

639
00:32:58.839 --> 00:33:02.359
<v Speaker 2>they're saying, or perhaps sell them as food. Scorpions can

640
00:33:02.400 --> 00:33:06.079
<v Speaker 2>be like eating tiny land lobsters, but before you fasten

641
00:33:06.240 --> 00:33:11.400
<v Speaker 2>a postage stamp sized tiny plastic bib. Doctor Spisito says

642
00:33:11.400 --> 00:33:14.960
<v Speaker 2>that most scorpions don't even reach sexual maturity until the

643
00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:17.920
<v Speaker 2>age of five or six, So she gets a little

644
00:33:17.960 --> 00:33:20.480
<v Speaker 2>sad thinking about crunching and munch at.

645
00:33:20.359 --> 00:33:22.240
<v Speaker 3>Them, like they can live to be twenty five.

646
00:33:22.440 --> 00:33:24.759
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I feel like lay off the scorpions.

647
00:33:24.319 --> 00:33:26.799
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, like lay it, layoff of them. Yeah. And the

648
00:33:26.880 --> 00:33:29.240
<v Speaker 3>other crazy thing about scorpions that I always that I

649
00:33:29.960 --> 00:33:31.920
<v Speaker 3>was struck by when I first learned about them is

650
00:33:31.960 --> 00:33:34.559
<v Speaker 3>that the moms give birth to a live baby.

651
00:33:34.880 --> 00:33:37.000
<v Speaker 2>That was my next question. I've seen a picture of

652
00:33:37.039 --> 00:33:39.319
<v Speaker 2>scorpions that are just to have a backpack full of

653
00:33:39.319 --> 00:33:42.480
<v Speaker 2>baby scorpions. Yeah, what is happening there? Yeah?

654
00:33:42.960 --> 00:33:46.119
<v Speaker 3>So they get so while their courtship starts by the

655
00:33:46.480 --> 00:33:49.240
<v Speaker 3>what we call pod dey, do they actually dance? They

656
00:33:49.279 --> 00:33:53.000
<v Speaker 3>do like a ballroom dancer, actually quite refined animals. So

657
00:33:53.000 --> 00:33:56.799
<v Speaker 3>the males approach the females and grab onto their hand.

658
00:33:56.920 --> 00:33:59.279
<v Speaker 3>They face her and grab onto her hands, and then

659
00:33:59.319 --> 00:34:01.240
<v Speaker 3>they do this like dance like back and forth where

660
00:34:01.240 --> 00:34:04.599
<v Speaker 3>he leads her back and forth, and then he does

661
00:34:04.640 --> 00:34:08.920
<v Speaker 3>this thing called cholesterol massage, which means he's like kind

662
00:34:08.920 --> 00:34:12.440
<v Speaker 3>of touching her hit her mouth parts with his mouth parts.

663
00:34:12.519 --> 00:34:16.559
<v Speaker 3>Is basically scorpion kissing. And sometimes in some species the

664
00:34:16.559 --> 00:34:20.360
<v Speaker 3>male will sting the female in that particular place on

665
00:34:20.440 --> 00:34:24.639
<v Speaker 3>their body and we don't know what they're doing. They're

666
00:34:24.639 --> 00:34:28.679
<v Speaker 3>probably injecting some sort of pheromone or some kind of slight,

667
00:34:29.079 --> 00:34:32.239
<v Speaker 3>very mild sedative to keep from getting eaten because usually

668
00:34:32.239 --> 00:34:35.599
<v Speaker 3>they're smaller. Oh my god, And if he does the

669
00:34:35.679 --> 00:34:40.239
<v Speaker 3>dance well. She likes his moves. She likes his ballroom dancing.

670
00:34:40.880 --> 00:34:44.599
<v Speaker 3>Then he'll deposit this this gelatinous stalk on the ground.

671
00:34:44.840 --> 00:34:47.400
<v Speaker 3>It's like a thing made out of like a jelly

672
00:34:47.480 --> 00:34:50.400
<v Speaker 3>sort of material, and at the top of it he

673
00:34:50.440 --> 00:34:52.800
<v Speaker 3>puts a little sperm packet and then he leads her

674
00:34:52.840 --> 00:34:55.760
<v Speaker 3>over it and she she'll pick it up with her

675
00:34:56.000 --> 00:35:00.840
<v Speaker 3>genital opening, and then she stores the sperm this specialized

676
00:35:00.880 --> 00:35:03.320
<v Speaker 3>structure in her body and decides when she wants to

677
00:35:03.320 --> 00:35:07.840
<v Speaker 3>inseminate herself, and also with whose sperm.

678
00:35:07.360 --> 00:35:11.440
<v Speaker 2>Does she have different pockets like this is jewels, like

679
00:35:11.679 --> 00:35:12.719
<v Speaker 2>this is whatever.

680
00:35:13.320 --> 00:35:17.679
<v Speaker 3>It's clear how they like differentiate once they've been inseminated,

681
00:35:17.679 --> 00:35:21.000
<v Speaker 3>if they have like a way to separate the packets,

682
00:35:21.039 --> 00:35:26.440
<v Speaker 3>or if the packets sort of stay. That part is unclear.

683
00:35:26.599 --> 00:35:27.840
<v Speaker 2>It's her business.

684
00:35:28.719 --> 00:35:31.039
<v Speaker 3>But at the point when she does decide to inseminate herself,

685
00:35:31.079 --> 00:35:34.280
<v Speaker 3>she has this complex overuterus system. It looks almost and

686
00:35:34.360 --> 00:35:36.280
<v Speaker 3>many species. It looks almost kind of like a figure eight,

687
00:35:36.760 --> 00:35:41.519
<v Speaker 3>and there's little spaces within that overuterus where the embryos

688
00:35:41.519 --> 00:35:48.000
<v Speaker 3>start to develop, and once they reach parturitionian age, she

689
00:35:48.039 --> 00:35:50.119
<v Speaker 3>gives birth gestation period.

690
00:35:50.239 --> 00:35:53.760
<v Speaker 2>You ask seven to nine months similar to a human,

691
00:35:54.119 --> 00:35:58.639
<v Speaker 2>or up to fourteen months for emperor scorpions. Just think

692
00:35:59.119 --> 00:36:03.679
<v Speaker 2>they have eight ankles. They could swell up walking around pregnant.

693
00:36:04.000 --> 00:36:08.880
<v Speaker 2>What troopers. Some female scorpions are just pregnant most of

694
00:36:08.920 --> 00:36:11.239
<v Speaker 2>the time, just most of their life, kind of like

695
00:36:11.280 --> 00:36:13.639
<v Speaker 2>my Catholic grandma who had eleven.

696
00:36:13.400 --> 00:36:18.159
<v Speaker 3>Children and little baby scorpions come out of her birth canal.

697
00:36:18.519 --> 00:36:20.920
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, is that viviparous or what is it

698
00:36:20.960 --> 00:36:25.760
<v Speaker 2>called viviparous? Clearly a word I read more.

699
00:36:25.639 --> 00:36:29.760
<v Speaker 3>Than viprous and oviviparous, which is where you internalize eggs

700
00:36:29.760 --> 00:36:32.840
<v Speaker 3>and when the eggs hatch, you give birth. But those

701
00:36:32.880 --> 00:36:37.199
<v Speaker 3>are fully viviparous. So they're actually like connect like same

702
00:36:37.239 --> 00:36:39.920
<v Speaker 3>as as humans kind of. They're they're the embryos are

703
00:36:39.920 --> 00:36:44.400
<v Speaker 3>connected to the mom via a membrane, so receiving nutrition

704
00:36:44.480 --> 00:36:46.960
<v Speaker 3>directly from her, and then they come out and they're

705
00:36:47.000 --> 00:36:50.199
<v Speaker 3>they're kind of in like an amniotic sack sort of

706
00:36:50.400 --> 00:36:53.360
<v Speaker 3>and it's clear, and once they give birth, the babies

707
00:36:53.480 --> 00:36:57.079
<v Speaker 3>break the sack and climb up onto her arms. And

708
00:36:57.159 --> 00:36:58.960
<v Speaker 3>while she's giving birth, she does this thing called a

709
00:36:58.960 --> 00:37:02.119
<v Speaker 3>birth basket where she arches her back up because the

710
00:37:02.159 --> 00:37:05.239
<v Speaker 3>opening is like on their stomach. She arches her back

711
00:37:05.320 --> 00:37:09.039
<v Speaker 3>up and makes her arms like into like a circle,

712
00:37:09.480 --> 00:37:11.760
<v Speaker 3>like kind of touches her hands together and makes like

713
00:37:11.760 --> 00:37:14.400
<v Speaker 3>a little circle, and so they'll crawl up her hands

714
00:37:14.480 --> 00:37:16.599
<v Speaker 3>onto her back. And then they'll stay up there for

715
00:37:18.000 --> 00:37:20.679
<v Speaker 3>it depends on the species, but they'll stay up there

716
00:37:20.719 --> 00:37:22.880
<v Speaker 3>until they've molted for the first time, so they've shed

717
00:37:22.880 --> 00:37:26.199
<v Speaker 3>their exoskeleton and gotten a little bigger, and in that

718
00:37:26.280 --> 00:37:29.360
<v Speaker 3>first period they kind of almost look like a little

719
00:37:29.440 --> 00:37:32.400
<v Speaker 3>larval still, like they don't look like a normal scorpion,

720
00:37:32.639 --> 00:37:34.480
<v Speaker 3>but as soon as they have that first molt, they

721
00:37:34.519 --> 00:37:36.559
<v Speaker 3>look just like a little tiny miniature scorpion.

722
00:37:36.840 --> 00:37:40.559
<v Speaker 2>Did I just watch several macro videos of baby scorpions

723
00:37:40.599 --> 00:37:43.000
<v Speaker 2>being squeezed out of a scorpion vagina while sipping my

724
00:37:43.079 --> 00:37:46.239
<v Speaker 2>morning coffee? I sure did. It looked like if you

725
00:37:46.840 --> 00:37:51.760
<v Speaker 2>were to squeeze unpeeled shrimp through a drinking straw, just

726
00:37:52.199 --> 00:37:55.000
<v Speaker 2>one after the other, like coming through a water slide,

727
00:37:55.320 --> 00:37:59.760
<v Speaker 2>just bloop bloop. So then they just climb up on

728
00:37:59.760 --> 00:38:03.000
<v Speaker 2>the when they live there like people on deck of

729
00:38:03.039 --> 00:38:05.800
<v Speaker 2>a yacht until they molt, so they just hop off

730
00:38:05.840 --> 00:38:06.920
<v Speaker 2>and they're like Tulu.

731
00:38:07.599 --> 00:38:10.360
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, Like they'll kind of start coming off her back

732
00:38:10.400 --> 00:38:12.519
<v Speaker 3>and then getting back on for a little bit. At

733
00:38:12.519 --> 00:38:14.800
<v Speaker 3>some point, she's like, hasn't eaten in months and months,

734
00:38:14.840 --> 00:38:16.639
<v Speaker 3>and she's like hungry, and she'll just eat those little

735
00:38:16.639 --> 00:38:18.199
<v Speaker 3>suckers if they don't leave her alone.

736
00:38:18.519 --> 00:38:19.159
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god.

737
00:38:19.480 --> 00:38:26.280
<v Speaker 3>But in some species they do kind of live semi cooperatively,

738
00:38:26.360 --> 00:38:28.719
<v Speaker 3>like they're still living together in the same area for

739
00:38:28.760 --> 00:38:30.679
<v Speaker 3>a long period of time. So the moms actually like

740
00:38:30.719 --> 00:38:33.639
<v Speaker 3>will live in a burrow with the babies. Oh I

741
00:38:33.639 --> 00:38:36.760
<v Speaker 3>don't know, like months, years maybe, and they'll just live

742
00:38:36.800 --> 00:38:39.119
<v Speaker 3>around each other and they tolerate each other really well.

743
00:38:39.519 --> 00:38:43.599
<v Speaker 3>And then she gives birth from anywhere from two to

744
00:38:43.800 --> 00:38:46.119
<v Speaker 3>I think the upper limit that anybody's ever recorded is

745
00:38:46.159 --> 00:38:50.519
<v Speaker 3>like one fifth forty, like high one forties. Wow, maybe

746
00:38:50.639 --> 00:38:53.719
<v Speaker 3>let's say one fifty, call it even one.

747
00:38:53.000 --> 00:38:55.000
<v Speaker 2>One hundred and fifty babies.

748
00:38:55.360 --> 00:38:57.280
<v Speaker 3>That would be like a lot. And they all pile

749
00:38:57.360 --> 00:38:59.320
<v Speaker 3>up on her back. Oh my, and like a big

750
00:38:59.360 --> 00:38:59.960
<v Speaker 3>giant pile.

751
00:39:00.519 --> 00:39:04.519
<v Speaker 2>What a party? Yeah, and now party what about Have

752
00:39:04.599 --> 00:39:06.679
<v Speaker 2>you ever seen one in the wild that's covered in

753
00:39:06.800 --> 00:39:07.360
<v Speaker 2>kinda bibbis?

754
00:39:07.760 --> 00:39:11.480
<v Speaker 3>Yeah? So like to find scorpions, I go out during

755
00:39:11.480 --> 00:39:13.679
<v Speaker 3>the day and flip over rocks and logs and things

756
00:39:13.679 --> 00:39:17.159
<v Speaker 3>that they like to hide under. And oftentimes I'll flip

757
00:39:17.199 --> 00:39:19.360
<v Speaker 3>over a rocker log and they'll be a mom with

758
00:39:19.400 --> 00:39:22.719
<v Speaker 3>babies under there in the right season like spring.

759
00:39:22.880 --> 00:39:25.239
<v Speaker 2>Mm hmm. Is it always kind of a special treat

760
00:39:25.239 --> 00:39:25.719
<v Speaker 2>to see one.

761
00:39:25.920 --> 00:39:29.599
<v Speaker 3>Yeah? And you know, like I collect scorpions and euthanize

762
00:39:29.599 --> 00:39:33.639
<v Speaker 3>them in order to study them, and I always leave

763
00:39:33.639 --> 00:39:36.679
<v Speaker 3>the moms. Yeah. I don't want to. I don't want

764
00:39:36.719 --> 00:39:39.840
<v Speaker 3>to take those moms and all those little babies. There's

765
00:39:39.840 --> 00:39:40.480
<v Speaker 3>no need for that.

766
00:39:41.000 --> 00:39:43.960
<v Speaker 2>Is it hard to collect and euthanize them for research

767
00:39:44.039 --> 00:39:46.719
<v Speaker 2>or do you feel like you're like, the more we

768
00:39:46.800 --> 00:39:48.559
<v Speaker 2>learn about them, the more we can kind of conserve

769
00:39:48.599 --> 00:39:49.400
<v Speaker 2>them as a species.

770
00:39:49.679 --> 00:39:52.519
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I mean certainly, that's for me. The rationalization is

771
00:39:52.559 --> 00:39:55.199
<v Speaker 3>that we for most scorpions, we don't know like basic

772
00:39:55.280 --> 00:39:58.679
<v Speaker 3>natural history information like how long they live, how many

773
00:39:58.679 --> 00:40:02.000
<v Speaker 3>babies they have, how they may, how what they eat,

774
00:40:02.280 --> 00:40:04.920
<v Speaker 3>what eats them. We don't know any of that information

775
00:40:05.079 --> 00:40:07.360
<v Speaker 3>except for like half a dozen species.

776
00:40:07.519 --> 00:40:10.360
<v Speaker 2>Okay, so we have the low down on only six

777
00:40:10.679 --> 00:40:14.960
<v Speaker 2>out of around twenty five hundred species. So future scorpiologists,

778
00:40:15.440 --> 00:40:18.159
<v Speaker 2>the world is your oyster which is actually a mollusc.

779
00:40:18.320 --> 00:40:20.039
<v Speaker 2>So I guess the world is your arthropod.

780
00:40:21.280 --> 00:40:23.559
<v Speaker 3>So the more information we know, the better we can

781
00:40:23.599 --> 00:40:26.639
<v Speaker 3>protect them. And the truth is they're actually really environmentally sensitive.

782
00:40:27.000 --> 00:40:29.480
<v Speaker 3>So most scorpions species, as soon as an environment gets

783
00:40:29.519 --> 00:40:34.400
<v Speaker 3>disturbed by humans, can't survive there anymore. Oh wow, And

784
00:40:34.480 --> 00:40:37.920
<v Speaker 3>so they're good indicators of the relative health of an ecosystem.

785
00:40:38.199 --> 00:40:41.400
<v Speaker 3>But yeah, I think I'll say that I didn't get

786
00:40:41.440 --> 00:40:44.880
<v Speaker 3>into the business of studying scorpions because I love killing them. Unfortunately,

787
00:40:44.920 --> 00:40:47.840
<v Speaker 3>they're not that cooperative sitting under a microscope below. Yeah,

788
00:40:47.880 --> 00:40:51.079
<v Speaker 3>and the only way to identify species and study things

789
00:40:51.119 --> 00:40:54.639
<v Speaker 3>like venom or reproduction is to look at them under

790
00:40:54.639 --> 00:40:55.280
<v Speaker 3>a microscope.

791
00:40:55.440 --> 00:40:58.360
<v Speaker 2>I think that's all entomologists have to It's not like,

792
00:40:58.719 --> 00:41:01.519
<v Speaker 2>definitely a struggle. Yeah, you can't exactly look at them

793
00:41:01.519 --> 00:41:03.840
<v Speaker 2>through binoculars and just observe them for ten hours like

794
00:41:03.880 --> 00:41:04.960
<v Speaker 2>wolves or something, you know.

795
00:41:05.119 --> 00:41:08.360
<v Speaker 3>And unfortunately with most invertebrates, we're nowhere close to where

796
00:41:08.360 --> 00:41:11.199
<v Speaker 3>we are with with vertebrates in terms of of knowing

797
00:41:11.199 --> 00:41:14.159
<v Speaker 3>how many species are out there and what they're doing. Right,

798
00:41:14.280 --> 00:41:17.519
<v Speaker 3>maybe once we get there, we can switch to the binocular. Yeah,

799
00:41:17.840 --> 00:41:20.480
<v Speaker 3>the binocular model. We'd need like a like a really

800
00:41:20.559 --> 00:41:22.400
<v Speaker 3>some really strong binocular very strong.

801
00:41:23.119 --> 00:41:26.000
<v Speaker 2>Now, what is some flimflam about scorpions that you would

802
00:41:26.039 --> 00:41:27.880
<v Speaker 2>like to debunk? What are some myths that you're like,

803
00:41:28.000 --> 00:41:30.079
<v Speaker 2>let's get the record straight people.

804
00:41:30.480 --> 00:41:32.360
<v Speaker 3>Well, okay, here's a few. Here's a few things you

805
00:41:32.400 --> 00:41:33.480
<v Speaker 3>need to know about scorpions.

806
00:41:33.559 --> 00:41:33.920
<v Speaker 2>Okay.

807
00:41:34.199 --> 00:41:38.159
<v Speaker 3>One, they can't jump. Oh okay, it's just a thing.

808
00:41:38.280 --> 00:41:42.119
<v Speaker 3>They don't They don't jump. They can't walk. They can

809
00:41:42.559 --> 00:41:45.400
<v Speaker 3>they can walk on some vertical services if they're like grainy,

810
00:41:46.000 --> 00:41:49.760
<v Speaker 3>like like a rock that has little micro areas to

811
00:41:50.039 --> 00:41:53.400
<v Speaker 3>step on, but otherwise like something that's slick, like windows.

812
00:41:53.400 --> 00:41:54.679
<v Speaker 3>They could never walk on a window.

813
00:41:54.800 --> 00:41:55.119
<v Speaker 4>Okay.

814
00:41:55.559 --> 00:41:58.239
<v Speaker 3>So they're gonna have a hard time getting to you

815
00:41:58.599 --> 00:42:01.239
<v Speaker 3>if you see it from like a like three feet away,

816
00:42:01.280 --> 00:42:03.199
<v Speaker 3>like you don't have to run away. It's not gonna

817
00:42:03.280 --> 00:42:04.440
<v Speaker 3>be able to grab you.

818
00:42:05.119 --> 00:42:09.320
<v Speaker 2>So, with the exception of Arizona, some parts of southern Nevada,

819
00:42:09.440 --> 00:42:12.639
<v Speaker 2>and some parts of western New Mexico, Lauren says.

820
00:42:12.840 --> 00:42:16.199
<v Speaker 3>In the US, there are no scorpions that you have

821
00:42:16.239 --> 00:42:19.679
<v Speaker 3>to be concerned about. Oh okay, like worst case scenario,

822
00:42:19.760 --> 00:42:22.159
<v Speaker 3>it feels like a wasp. Even those ones in Arizona,

823
00:42:22.280 --> 00:42:24.920
<v Speaker 3>like they if you're a healthy adult, you don't have

824
00:42:24.920 --> 00:42:26.679
<v Speaker 3>to worry. It's not gonna kill you. It will just

825
00:42:26.760 --> 00:42:29.320
<v Speaker 3>hurt for a little bit. Okay, you might feel like

826
00:42:29.360 --> 00:42:31.920
<v Speaker 3>a little more like an electric shock than a wasps thing.

827
00:42:32.400 --> 00:42:34.719
<v Speaker 3>But if you're a child, you want to be safe

828
00:42:34.719 --> 00:42:37.079
<v Speaker 3>and not be playing with scorpions in Arizona. It's just

829
00:42:37.320 --> 00:42:40.280
<v Speaker 3>rule thumb. So that's the thing.

830
00:42:41.079 --> 00:42:43.159
<v Speaker 2>You have cool tattoos? Do you have any scorpion tattoos?

831
00:42:43.199 --> 00:42:43.559
<v Speaker 2>I do not.

832
00:42:43.760 --> 00:42:45.599
<v Speaker 3>You don't have a care to get a scorpion tattoo

833
00:42:45.599 --> 00:42:47.280
<v Speaker 3>because like I don't know, Like I don't want to

834
00:42:47.280 --> 00:42:48.679
<v Speaker 3>go with a cartoon one because I feel like it

835
00:42:48.679 --> 00:42:52.639
<v Speaker 3>would bug me, and like a real biologically accurate one,

836
00:42:52.679 --> 00:42:55.599
<v Speaker 3>like what if something came out wrong, I know, you know,

837
00:42:55.760 --> 00:42:57.559
<v Speaker 3>like or what if like the drawing was wrong to

838
00:42:57.599 --> 00:42:59.320
<v Speaker 3>start with and I didn't notice it, and then like

839
00:42:59.360 --> 00:43:01.119
<v Speaker 3>I would have look at it for the rest of

840
00:43:01.159 --> 00:43:04.199
<v Speaker 3>my life. Right, Also, like I do sometimes hate them

841
00:43:04.480 --> 00:43:07.599
<v Speaker 3>because research is really hard, and I have those days

842
00:43:07.599 --> 00:43:09.920
<v Speaker 3>where I'm like, I hate you. I don't want to

843
00:43:09.920 --> 00:43:11.559
<v Speaker 3>look at you, like I look at you all day

844
00:43:11.599 --> 00:43:12.920
<v Speaker 3>and then I'd have to go home and look at

845
00:43:12.920 --> 00:43:15.159
<v Speaker 3>it like we've taken a shower. Look at that scoria.

846
00:43:15.719 --> 00:43:17.000
<v Speaker 3>I don't want to see those things.

847
00:43:17.639 --> 00:43:19.840
<v Speaker 2>I have so many questions from listeners, can I ask you? Yeah,

848
00:43:19.880 --> 00:43:22.400
<v Speaker 2>it's kind of like a lightning round oo boy. Okay,

849
00:43:22.440 --> 00:43:25.159
<v Speaker 2>So before we get to your Patreon questions, a few

850
00:43:25.199 --> 00:43:28.039
<v Speaker 2>words from the folks who sponsor the show. And one

851
00:43:28.039 --> 00:43:30.760
<v Speaker 2>thing about having ads is I get to approve everyone

852
00:43:30.800 --> 00:43:33.880
<v Speaker 2>I endorse. And also it makes donations to a cause

853
00:43:33.920 --> 00:43:37.400
<v Speaker 2>of the ologists choosing possible. So this week it's so

854
00:43:37.559 --> 00:43:40.840
<v Speaker 2>dope to donate to Islands and Seas. This is a

855
00:43:40.880 --> 00:43:45.000
<v Speaker 2>nonprofit that Lauren founded with Eric Steiner, and Islands and

856
00:43:45.079 --> 00:43:49.079
<v Speaker 2>Seas is building these small field stations that serve as

857
00:43:49.119 --> 00:43:52.320
<v Speaker 2>research facilities for scientists in the area. They also serve

858
00:43:52.320 --> 00:43:55.760
<v Speaker 2>as centers for science and environmental education for nearby schools.

859
00:43:56.079 --> 00:44:00.199
<v Speaker 2>These stations are carbon minimal, they reuse gray water, they

860
00:44:00.199 --> 00:44:04.480
<v Speaker 2>harness green energy also, and they offer outreach programs for schools.

861
00:44:04.519 --> 00:44:09.320
<v Speaker 2>They have internships for teenagers interested in science field guide training. Ah.

862
00:44:09.639 --> 00:44:14.639
<v Speaker 2>So good Islands sees dot org. That's islands plural sees

863
00:44:15.079 --> 00:44:18.280
<v Speaker 2>dot org. So thank you Lauren and Eric for starting that.

864
00:44:18.880 --> 00:44:23.320
<v Speaker 2>What total badasses with huge hearts. Great brains. So donation

865
00:44:23.480 --> 00:44:26.320
<v Speaker 2>is going to islands and seas. Now a few words

866
00:44:26.360 --> 00:44:29.320
<v Speaker 2>about sponsors making that donation and the production of this

867
00:44:29.480 --> 00:44:30.559
<v Speaker 2>very show possible.

868
00:44:30.880 --> 00:44:34.159
<v Speaker 1>Imagine the place where you can escape for a day,

869
00:44:34.960 --> 00:44:39.480
<v Speaker 1>get immersed in a world of rooms, inspiration, and expertise,

870
00:44:40.039 --> 00:44:45.559
<v Speaker 1>where you can lay luxury accommodation than kids cam fees

871
00:44:45.760 --> 00:44:51.360
<v Speaker 1>from ninety five sets. Tickets are free to everyone and

872
00:44:51.480 --> 00:44:56.639
<v Speaker 1>include all the attractions you've just imagined a day out

873
00:44:56.679 --> 00:45:00.320
<v Speaker 1>at the KaiA Ikia the Wonderful every Day.

874
00:45:02.800 --> 00:45:07.000
<v Speaker 2>Okay, back to your questions. Okay, so this is kind

875
00:45:07.000 --> 00:45:10.840
<v Speaker 2>of like a lightning ground. Okay. Sonya Karplovich wants to

876
00:45:10.880 --> 00:45:13.599
<v Speaker 2>know should they be captus pets? And if yes, do

877
00:45:13.639 --> 00:45:14.480
<v Speaker 2>they make good pets?

878
00:45:15.599 --> 00:45:19.239
<v Speaker 3>I say, I'm gonna say yes they should. Should There's

879
00:45:19.239 --> 00:45:21.559
<v Speaker 3>no reason they shouldn't be captus pets. But like all

880
00:45:21.559 --> 00:45:23.320
<v Speaker 3>things that are kept in captivity, I think it's really

881
00:45:23.320 --> 00:45:26.679
<v Speaker 3>important to have captive bread ones because then that keeps

882
00:45:26.760 --> 00:45:30.920
<v Speaker 3>people out of the natural ecosystems from over harvesting, over

883
00:45:30.960 --> 00:45:33.519
<v Speaker 3>collecting for the pet trade. So there are some, like

884
00:45:33.639 --> 00:45:35.400
<v Speaker 3>quite a few species that are really common in the

885
00:45:35.400 --> 00:45:37.599
<v Speaker 3>pet trade and are bread in captivity. So if you

886
00:45:37.639 --> 00:45:39.639
<v Speaker 3>want a scorpion as a pet, don't go get it

887
00:45:39.639 --> 00:45:42.199
<v Speaker 3>out of your backyard. Leave it there. It's doing something

888
00:45:42.239 --> 00:45:44.559
<v Speaker 3>important in the ecosystem. And rather buy one that's been

889
00:45:44.599 --> 00:45:46.440
<v Speaker 3>captive bread by by a breeder.

890
00:45:46.679 --> 00:45:48.840
<v Speaker 2>Okay, so it's the opposite of dogs.

891
00:45:49.280 --> 00:45:50.280
<v Speaker 3>Opposite of dogs.

892
00:45:51.119 --> 00:45:52.840
<v Speaker 2>Don't rescue one out of the wild.

893
00:45:53.119 --> 00:45:55.320
<v Speaker 3>Kindly rescuing their their just fine on their own.

894
00:45:55.480 --> 00:45:58.239
<v Speaker 2>Got it. I was like, how much do scorpions cost?

895
00:45:58.519 --> 00:46:01.880
<v Speaker 2>And I found myself on a website selling medium Emperor

896
00:46:01.880 --> 00:46:04.280
<v Speaker 2>scorpions for forty nine to ninety nine and they have

897
00:46:04.400 --> 00:46:07.599
<v Speaker 2>a live arrive guarantee, which I guess when you think

898
00:46:07.639 --> 00:46:10.679
<v Speaker 2>of it, it's really an elite selection of people who

899
00:46:11.239 --> 00:46:14.039
<v Speaker 2>when mailed the box of scorpions would be disappointed to

900
00:46:14.079 --> 00:46:17.880
<v Speaker 2>find that they are not a live scorpions. And Alyssa

901
00:46:18.039 --> 00:46:21.599
<v Speaker 2>Katahiss wants to know why is it in the scorpion's

902
00:46:21.679 --> 00:46:24.960
<v Speaker 2>nature to sting the frog? In quotes? Have you heard

903
00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:26.000
<v Speaker 2>that phase? There a fable?

904
00:46:26.039 --> 00:46:28.599
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, there's a fable right where the scorpion is on

905
00:46:28.639 --> 00:46:31.440
<v Speaker 3>the frog's back and they're swimming across The scorpion convinces

906
00:46:31.440 --> 00:46:33.400
<v Speaker 3>a frog to give it a right across the river

907
00:46:33.639 --> 00:46:35.800
<v Speaker 3>and says like, oh no, I'll never sing you because

908
00:46:35.800 --> 00:46:38.360
<v Speaker 3>if I sing you, we're both gonna die. And then

909
00:46:38.559 --> 00:46:40.480
<v Speaker 3>stings it in the middle of the river and the

910
00:46:40.480 --> 00:46:42.599
<v Speaker 3>frog says why, and it says, because I'm a scorpion.

911
00:46:42.639 --> 00:46:47.280
<v Speaker 3>It's in my nature. Oh, I mean, I don't know.

912
00:46:47.280 --> 00:46:49.199
<v Speaker 3>I guess it's like the point of the fables that

913
00:46:49.599 --> 00:46:53.239
<v Speaker 3>people are who they are and don't change.

914
00:46:53.960 --> 00:46:58.719
<v Speaker 2>Sort of, that's the philosophical answer. Let's look at this practically, though.

915
00:46:58.719 --> 00:47:01.239
<v Speaker 3>But a scorpion sitting on frogs back when we're seeing

916
00:47:01.280 --> 00:47:03.119
<v Speaker 3>the frog because they have all their eyes on the

917
00:47:03.119 --> 00:47:04.440
<v Speaker 3>top of their head, and they wouldn't even know what

918
00:47:04.480 --> 00:47:05.000
<v Speaker 3>they were doing.

919
00:47:06.280 --> 00:47:07.719
<v Speaker 2>Their eyes are on the top of their head.

920
00:47:07.800 --> 00:47:09.480
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, like facing up towards the sky.

921
00:47:09.599 --> 00:47:10.519
<v Speaker 2>How many eyes do they have?

922
00:47:10.880 --> 00:47:13.840
<v Speaker 3>It depends, but usually they all almost all have three

923
00:47:13.920 --> 00:47:17.159
<v Speaker 3>sets of eyes, two in the middle and then a

924
00:47:17.199 --> 00:47:20.400
<v Speaker 3>set of three to six in each corner of the

925
00:47:20.400 --> 00:47:23.480
<v Speaker 3>front of their head. And so they're arranged like in

926
00:47:23.480 --> 00:47:28.039
<v Speaker 3>a triangle. And some people have hypothesized that they use

927
00:47:28.159 --> 00:47:31.320
<v Speaker 3>the triangular array of eyes to look up into the

928
00:47:31.400 --> 00:47:33.079
<v Speaker 3>night sky and navigate by the stars.

929
00:47:33.320 --> 00:47:37.440
<v Speaker 2>Oh my stars. Now, for those who enjoy a good

930
00:47:37.639 --> 00:47:42.719
<v Speaker 2>crossword puzzle word or are choked for conversation on a

931
00:47:42.760 --> 00:47:46.280
<v Speaker 2>long car ride with your in laws. Navigating by stars

932
00:47:46.440 --> 00:47:52.079
<v Speaker 2>is called astromenotaxis. Astrominotaxis. There, you know that. Now Nelson

933
00:47:52.159 --> 00:47:54.239
<v Speaker 2>Chan has a question that I think you are going

934
00:47:54.320 --> 00:47:55.920
<v Speaker 2>to enjoy answering.

935
00:47:56.159 --> 00:47:57.480
<v Speaker 3>Okay, I'm ready.

936
00:47:57.599 --> 00:48:01.480
<v Speaker 2>Are all scorpions poisonous? And I know that there's a

937
00:48:01.480 --> 00:48:03.559
<v Speaker 2>poison venom discussion to be had.

938
00:48:03.599 --> 00:48:06.960
<v Speaker 3>There is, So no scorpions are poisonous because poison is

939
00:48:07.000 --> 00:48:11.800
<v Speaker 3>something that's secreted and then when something else eats that thing,

940
00:48:12.079 --> 00:48:15.440
<v Speaker 3>it makes them ill. All scorpions are venomous, which is

941
00:48:15.440 --> 00:48:20.159
<v Speaker 3>something that's secreted and then injected into the destined hoast

942
00:48:20.360 --> 00:48:24.400
<v Speaker 3>like another animal. So there's a delivery apparatus for the venom.

943
00:48:24.480 --> 00:48:27.239
<v Speaker 3>So all scorpions are venomous. Not all scorpions are venomous

944
00:48:27.280 --> 00:48:31.320
<v Speaker 3>to humans because they don't necessarily have that mammal mirrotoxin.

945
00:48:31.440 --> 00:48:33.119
<v Speaker 3>But they're all venomous to something.

946
00:48:33.320 --> 00:48:35.920
<v Speaker 2>If you ate scorpion venom would it be poisonous?

947
00:48:36.039 --> 00:48:38.239
<v Speaker 3>No, it's a protein and your stomach acid would do

948
00:48:38.320 --> 00:48:38.760
<v Speaker 3>nature it.

949
00:48:39.679 --> 00:48:42.760
<v Speaker 2>So if you ate a scorpion, unless it stung you

950
00:48:42.840 --> 00:48:45.679
<v Speaker 2>on the way down, you're good to go. You're good

951
00:48:45.719 --> 00:48:47.960
<v Speaker 2>to go, and then it would still be venomous because

952
00:48:48.000 --> 00:48:52.159
<v Speaker 2>it wouldn't be digested, so poison versus venom.

953
00:48:51.679 --> 00:48:55.199
<v Speaker 3>But I would like not recommend eating a thumbtack. Okay,

954
00:48:55.360 --> 00:48:57.800
<v Speaker 3>so like in that sense, maybe not eat the stinger

955
00:48:57.960 --> 00:48:59.880
<v Speaker 3>just because it's like sharp and I don't know what's

956
00:49:00.039 --> 00:49:02.119
<v Speaker 3>going to do in your stomach. It seems like not

957
00:49:02.159 --> 00:49:04.360
<v Speaker 3>a good like, not a good look for anyone.

958
00:49:04.440 --> 00:49:07.400
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and also let them live, Let them live? Can

959
00:49:07.440 --> 00:49:10.239
<v Speaker 2>I live? Jordan Jarrett wants to know what your opinion

960
00:49:10.280 --> 00:49:15.039
<v Speaker 2>is on the scorpion and Honey Ashrunk the kids. They say,

961
00:49:15.079 --> 00:49:17.039
<v Speaker 2>I love animals, but scorpions are the one animal that

962
00:49:17.119 --> 00:49:18.719
<v Speaker 2>just creeps me out. Did you ever see honey a

963
00:49:18.719 --> 00:49:20.280
<v Speaker 2>shrink the kids? Is there a scorpion of that?

964
00:49:20.519 --> 00:49:22.880
<v Speaker 3>Yeah? And well here's what I'll say about that scorpion.

965
00:49:23.000 --> 00:49:27.159
<v Speaker 3>Scorpions are opportunistic predators, so they'll they'll basically eat anything

966
00:49:27.199 --> 00:49:28.400
<v Speaker 3>that they can get their hands on.

967
00:49:28.519 --> 00:49:28.920
<v Speaker 2>Mm hmm.

968
00:49:30.320 --> 00:49:32.920
<v Speaker 3>They don't forge during the day, and I want to say,

969
00:49:32.960 --> 00:49:37.000
<v Speaker 3>like when that happens, it's daytime. Oh, that's inaccurate. It

970
00:49:37.079 --> 00:49:41.880
<v Speaker 3>was also an inaccurate species for where it was. But

971
00:49:41.960 --> 00:49:44.280
<v Speaker 3>for sure scorpions will eat anything they can get their

972
00:49:44.320 --> 00:49:46.320
<v Speaker 3>hands on, and that includes like if they could get

973
00:49:46.400 --> 00:49:48.519
<v Speaker 3>find like a tiny gecko that they're bigger than, they'll

974
00:49:48.519 --> 00:49:50.519
<v Speaker 3>eat it. If another scorpion comes along, they'll eat it.

975
00:49:50.559 --> 00:49:53.320
<v Speaker 3>If it's a cricket, they'll eat it. If it's a moth,

976
00:49:53.360 --> 00:49:56.639
<v Speaker 3>they'll eat it. But they have really low metabolism, so

977
00:49:56.800 --> 00:49:58.960
<v Speaker 3>that is another thing that makes the good pets. They

978
00:49:59.000 --> 00:50:00.719
<v Speaker 3>have like one of the lowest men tabloism. So if

979
00:50:00.719 --> 00:50:02.519
<v Speaker 3>you forget to feed them for like, say a year,

980
00:50:02.559 --> 00:50:06.000
<v Speaker 3>they'll be If you forget a week, they're gonna survive.

981
00:50:06.199 --> 00:50:08.719
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, I didn't know that. They're like camels

982
00:50:08.800 --> 00:50:11.360
<v Speaker 2>kind of j Owens has a question if you remove

983
00:50:11.400 --> 00:50:14.519
<v Speaker 2>their tails, is it true they die from constipation? And

984
00:50:14.599 --> 00:50:16.360
<v Speaker 2>what is their mechanism if that's true?

985
00:50:16.639 --> 00:50:20.800
<v Speaker 3>So maybe I will say that there's some truth to

986
00:50:20.840 --> 00:50:25.400
<v Speaker 3>that end. That their anus is actually at the end

987
00:50:25.440 --> 00:50:28.360
<v Speaker 3>of their tail, right before their stinger. Really, so they're

988
00:50:28.400 --> 00:50:32.440
<v Speaker 3>like rectum goes all the way through their entire tale.

989
00:50:32.639 --> 00:50:35.800
<v Speaker 3>And then like they're they have just like a single

990
00:50:36.000 --> 00:50:38.760
<v Speaker 3>kind of chloeca thing that has that excrease everything, and

991
00:50:38.760 --> 00:50:42.880
<v Speaker 3>they don't have like separate p and pooh situation and

992
00:50:42.880 --> 00:50:45.079
<v Speaker 3>that's so it all comes out from right before the stinger.

993
00:50:45.320 --> 00:50:48.599
<v Speaker 3>Oh so maybe they could die of constipation because it

994
00:50:48.639 --> 00:50:52.119
<v Speaker 3>would be like ruptured and broken. Yeah, I think they'd

995
00:50:52.119 --> 00:50:54.360
<v Speaker 3>probably just die of blood loss, to be honest.

996
00:50:54.440 --> 00:50:57.800
<v Speaker 2>That was actually Emily Hawking's question about the waste management system.

997
00:50:57.880 --> 00:50:58.599
<v Speaker 2>Where is the butt?

998
00:50:58.800 --> 00:51:01.599
<v Speaker 3>Do they pee? Now we know they do. They excrete

999
00:51:01.679 --> 00:51:06.360
<v Speaker 3>like uric acid, same as other things, and other waste

1000
00:51:06.679 --> 00:51:08.440
<v Speaker 3>products comes out of their butt.

1001
00:51:08.519 --> 00:51:12.079
<v Speaker 2>There's this one researcher, Camillo Mattoni in Argentina, who has

1002
00:51:12.119 --> 00:51:16.480
<v Speaker 2>observed that some scorpions will voluntarily break off their tails

1003
00:51:16.519 --> 00:51:20.039
<v Speaker 2>to escape. And yes, in that case, in the absence

1004
00:51:20.159 --> 00:51:23.199
<v Speaker 2>of an ans, poo will just build up like emails.

1005
00:51:23.239 --> 00:51:26.440
<v Speaker 2>You don't want to check. But sometimes they can break

1006
00:51:26.480 --> 00:51:29.199
<v Speaker 2>off another tail segment to get rid of the poo

1007
00:51:29.440 --> 00:51:32.079
<v Speaker 2>and then continue to live just long enough to mate again.

1008
00:51:32.320 --> 00:51:35.039
<v Speaker 2>Like Hey, yeah, hi, hi, I don't have a stinger.

1009
00:51:35.280 --> 00:51:38.679
<v Speaker 2>I do have this stumpy column of impacted pooh happening.

1010
00:51:38.880 --> 00:51:40.800
<v Speaker 2>I got scared once and broke off part of my body.

1011
00:51:41.000 --> 00:51:44.559
<v Speaker 2>But I would love a chance to just get to

1012
00:51:44.599 --> 00:51:48.679
<v Speaker 2>know you better, maybe have several dozen babies. Wade Lee

1013
00:51:49.000 --> 00:51:52.559
<v Speaker 2>hy Wait Wad high Way Wade wants to know. Is

1014
00:51:52.599 --> 00:51:55.880
<v Speaker 2>it true smaller scorpions are more venomous in general smiley

1015
00:51:55.880 --> 00:51:56.559
<v Speaker 2>face emoji.

1016
00:51:57.079 --> 00:51:59.920
<v Speaker 3>They it depends on where you are, so it's not

1017
00:52:00.239 --> 00:52:05.800
<v Speaker 3>a simple yes or no answer. In some places, smaller

1018
00:52:05.840 --> 00:52:09.440
<v Speaker 3>scorpions are belong to that one group boothity, so they

1019
00:52:09.639 --> 00:52:10.599
<v Speaker 3>are more venomous.

1020
00:52:10.719 --> 00:52:11.039
<v Speaker 2>M hm.

1021
00:52:11.599 --> 00:52:13.840
<v Speaker 3>But I would say in general, a better frame of

1022
00:52:13.880 --> 00:52:17.159
<v Speaker 3>reference is if they have thin hands and either a

1023
00:52:17.199 --> 00:52:20.599
<v Speaker 3>really long or really fat tail, they're probably more venomous.

1024
00:52:20.639 --> 00:52:23.639
<v Speaker 3>And if they have big, fat hands and their hands

1025
00:52:23.639 --> 00:52:26.280
<v Speaker 3>are much broader than the width of their tail, then

1026
00:52:26.360 --> 00:52:29.280
<v Speaker 3>they're less venomous. Ooh, So it's not like the overall

1027
00:52:29.280 --> 00:52:32.679
<v Speaker 3>body size but the proportion of hands to tail situation.

1028
00:52:33.559 --> 00:52:36.960
<v Speaker 2>So counterintuitively, big pintures less scary.

1029
00:52:37.079 --> 00:52:39.320
<v Speaker 4>And you know what they say about men with small hands,

1030
00:52:40.800 --> 00:52:41.760
<v Speaker 4>You can't trust them.

1031
00:52:42.039 --> 00:52:45.760
<v Speaker 2>Dory Grillas seals. There's a lot of consonants in that.

1032
00:52:45.800 --> 00:52:47.599
<v Speaker 2>And I don't know if I said it right. Dory

1033
00:52:47.760 --> 00:52:51.000
<v Speaker 2>Grillis seals, I think trust you not scorpion related. But

1034
00:52:51.039 --> 00:52:53.880
<v Speaker 2>could you tell us about the five hundred Queer Scientists initiative?

1035
00:52:53.960 --> 00:52:55.960
<v Speaker 2>Why did you start it? Why do you think it's important?

1036
00:52:56.039 --> 00:52:59.360
<v Speaker 2>Future plans and Carolyn Swift has the same question in said,

1037
00:52:59.360 --> 00:53:01.400
<v Speaker 2>as a queer science I'd also love the answer to this.

1038
00:53:01.760 --> 00:53:04.360
<v Speaker 2>Huge thank you to both doctor e and you and

1039
00:53:04.639 --> 00:53:05.400
<v Speaker 2>Dory for asking.

1040
00:53:05.760 --> 00:53:11.519
<v Speaker 3>Well, I am queer and I'm an a racknologist, and

1041
00:53:11.559 --> 00:53:14.840
<v Speaker 3>I think for most of my professional career and student

1042
00:53:14.880 --> 00:53:17.920
<v Speaker 3>life I kept those two aspects of my identity really separate.

1043
00:53:18.679 --> 00:53:20.800
<v Speaker 3>And when I started my position, I realized that I

1044
00:53:20.840 --> 00:53:24.239
<v Speaker 3>was the only queer faculty member at my institution. Really yeah,

1045
00:53:24.400 --> 00:53:27.559
<v Speaker 3>and I'm in San Francisco. I was going to say, Right,

1046
00:53:27.639 --> 00:53:30.000
<v Speaker 3>San Francisco is like the gay Mecca. So I'm the

1047
00:53:30.039 --> 00:53:31.960
<v Speaker 3>only queer faculty member, and so my knowledge, I'm the

1048
00:53:32.000 --> 00:53:34.280
<v Speaker 3>only queer faculty member in the history of the institution.

1049
00:53:34.519 --> 00:53:37.360
<v Speaker 3>What because first of all, we're a small institution, so

1050
00:53:37.360 --> 00:53:39.440
<v Speaker 3>it's not like a university that has hundreds and hundreds

1051
00:53:39.480 --> 00:53:43.880
<v Speaker 3>of professors. We have fifteen faculty but still so but

1052
00:53:44.039 --> 00:53:46.639
<v Speaker 3>still it's San Francisco, right yeah, And so I started thinking, like,

1053
00:53:46.679 --> 00:53:49.360
<v Speaker 3>if I feel this way, I feel like those aspects

1054
00:53:49.360 --> 00:53:51.840
<v Speaker 3>of my personality are separate. I'm in a really queer

1055
00:53:51.920 --> 00:53:54.400
<v Speaker 3>friendly place, I'm the only queer faculty member. I feel

1056
00:53:54.440 --> 00:53:56.840
<v Speaker 3>kind of isolated in that sense there must be people

1057
00:53:56.840 --> 00:54:00.639
<v Speaker 3>out there in parts of the world where being LGBT

1058
00:54:00.760 --> 00:54:03.800
<v Speaker 3>is not a protected class for jobs, like you would

1059
00:54:03.800 --> 00:54:05.440
<v Speaker 3>be fired if people found out at work that you

1060
00:54:05.440 --> 00:54:07.719
<v Speaker 3>were gay, or if you're just in a place where,

1061
00:54:07.760 --> 00:54:13.079
<v Speaker 3>like culturally it feels unwelcome to be out and open. Surely,

1062
00:54:13.079 --> 00:54:14.880
<v Speaker 3>if I feel this way in San Francisco, there must

1063
00:54:14.920 --> 00:54:17.639
<v Speaker 3>be people in other places. And so I decided that

1064
00:54:17.679 --> 00:54:21.239
<v Speaker 3>I would start a visibility campaign and it's called five

1065
00:54:21.320 --> 00:54:23.679
<v Speaker 3>hundred Queer Scientists, and where we have a website, we

1066
00:54:23.719 --> 00:54:26.840
<v Speaker 3>also have social media accounts on Twitter and Instagram, and

1067
00:54:26.880 --> 00:54:31.400
<v Speaker 3>we take user contributed stories of scientists and science students

1068
00:54:31.559 --> 00:54:34.440
<v Speaker 3>at all levels, from undergraduate all the way through deans

1069
00:54:34.480 --> 00:54:37.440
<v Speaker 3>of universities have contributed their story and it's really just

1070
00:54:37.599 --> 00:54:40.679
<v Speaker 3>people sharing their stories of what they do in STEM

1071
00:54:40.880 --> 00:54:47.519
<v Speaker 3>and their identity as an LGBTQAI person and how those

1072
00:54:47.599 --> 00:54:51.440
<v Speaker 3>things fit together. And it's been I think great for

1073
00:54:51.519 --> 00:54:54.400
<v Speaker 3>the community to be able to identify each other because

1074
00:54:54.400 --> 00:54:58.800
<v Speaker 3>often it's like one of those attributes that's hidden. It's quiet,

1075
00:54:58.840 --> 00:55:01.400
<v Speaker 3>but it's a really strong part of your personal identity,

1076
00:55:01.559 --> 00:55:05.000
<v Speaker 3>and so it's hard to identify others that you can

1077
00:55:06.360 --> 00:55:10.039
<v Speaker 3>just commiserate with or have as role models or as

1078
00:55:10.239 --> 00:55:13.920
<v Speaker 3>colleagues that you feel comfortable sharing that part of your

1079
00:55:13.960 --> 00:55:15.960
<v Speaker 3>identity with. And so I think it's been a great

1080
00:55:16.000 --> 00:55:18.079
<v Speaker 3>way for the community to find each other and connect

1081
00:55:18.079 --> 00:55:18.679
<v Speaker 3>with one another.

1082
00:55:19.000 --> 00:55:20.119
<v Speaker 2>How long good did you start it?

1083
00:55:20.639 --> 00:55:24.800
<v Speaker 3>We launched last June and I had collected fifty bios

1084
00:55:24.840 --> 00:55:27.760
<v Speaker 3>of people by email, like emailing all my friends and

1085
00:55:27.800 --> 00:55:30.639
<v Speaker 3>asking them to email all their friends. And two weeks

1086
00:55:30.719 --> 00:55:31.920
<v Speaker 3>later we had five hundred.

1087
00:55:32.000 --> 00:55:32.480
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god.

1088
00:55:32.679 --> 00:55:36.000
<v Speaker 3>And now we're eight months and eight yeah, eight months,

1089
00:55:36.039 --> 00:55:39.159
<v Speaker 3>and we have eight hundred and fifty Wow, And we've

1090
00:55:39.199 --> 00:55:42.280
<v Speaker 3>had like over a million interactions on social media in

1091
00:55:42.400 --> 00:55:45.639
<v Speaker 3>those eight months. And you started it, Yeah, So I

1092
00:55:45.679 --> 00:55:49.559
<v Speaker 3>started it with the help of others, but certainly it

1093
00:55:49.599 --> 00:55:54.320
<v Speaker 3>was my little brainchild, and I'm really happy with what

1094
00:55:54.360 --> 00:55:54.920
<v Speaker 3>it's become.

1095
00:55:55.360 --> 00:55:58.280
<v Speaker 2>So you can find five hundred queer Scientists at five

1096
00:55:58.320 --> 00:56:01.519
<v Speaker 2>hundred Queer Scientists on Instagram or go to five hundred

1097
00:56:01.519 --> 00:56:04.320
<v Speaker 2>greers Scientists dot com, and you can read first person

1098
00:56:04.400 --> 00:56:07.760
<v Speaker 2>stories such as Charlotte, who says I am a lesbian

1099
00:56:07.920 --> 00:56:10.599
<v Speaker 2>and a chemistry student. I made the decision to return

1100
00:56:10.679 --> 00:56:13.400
<v Speaker 2>to education after spending a long time selling phones for

1101
00:56:13.440 --> 00:56:16.320
<v Speaker 2>a living For me, studying chemistry is the most wonderful

1102
00:56:16.360 --> 00:56:18.880
<v Speaker 2>thing I have ever had the opportunity to do. It

1103
00:56:18.920 --> 00:56:21.239
<v Speaker 2>started when my wife and I returned from our honeymoon

1104
00:56:21.280 --> 00:56:23.519
<v Speaker 2>in New Zealand. All we can think about is how

1105
00:56:23.519 --> 00:56:26.000
<v Speaker 2>do we go back there? We considered the usual ideas

1106
00:56:26.039 --> 00:56:28.199
<v Speaker 2>of learning a trade or something similar than One day

1107
00:56:28.199 --> 00:56:30.320
<v Speaker 2>I woke up and hit me. I nudged becks and

1108
00:56:30.320 --> 00:56:32.840
<v Speaker 2>said I want to go back to school. She asked why.

1109
00:56:32.920 --> 00:56:35.760
<v Speaker 2>I told her I wanted to study chemistry. She replied, well, four,

1110
00:56:36.320 --> 00:56:39.199
<v Speaker 2>so I can teach it. She simply replied, well, then

1111
00:56:39.239 --> 00:56:41.320
<v Speaker 2>go do it, and rolled over and went back to sleep.

1112
00:56:41.559 --> 00:56:44.639
<v Speaker 2>So here I am Amy Turish, student at the University

1113
00:56:44.639 --> 00:56:47.920
<v Speaker 2>of Manchester, chasing after an interest in radio chemistry and

1114
00:56:47.960 --> 00:56:51.480
<v Speaker 2>a dream to teach at the academic level. Or Alexi

1115
00:56:51.519 --> 00:56:55.159
<v Speaker 2>who writes I'm by and a wildlife educator, animal trainer

1116
00:56:55.199 --> 00:56:59.599
<v Speaker 2>and artist. I floated through college studying biology and social psychology,

1117
00:56:59.760 --> 00:57:02.320
<v Speaker 2>not knowing what I wanted to do. In an interview

1118
00:57:02.360 --> 00:57:05.559
<v Speaker 2>where I uttered the phrase elephant diaper, the managers of

1119
00:57:05.599 --> 00:57:08.400
<v Speaker 2>the local zoo's education department saw something in me that

1120
00:57:08.559 --> 00:57:11.280
<v Speaker 2>I didn't know was there. As someone who was impacted

1121
00:57:11.280 --> 00:57:14.000
<v Speaker 2>by David Attenborough. I never expected I could be doing

1122
00:57:14.079 --> 00:57:16.599
<v Speaker 2>the same for kids of color and all kids in

1123
00:57:16.639 --> 00:57:20.880
<v Speaker 2>general on the ground, But here I am educator, trainer, scientist,

1124
00:57:21.119 --> 00:57:24.039
<v Speaker 2>and mentor to several queer teens of color. So if

1125
00:57:24.039 --> 00:57:26.239
<v Speaker 2>there's something missing from your day, and that's something is

1126
00:57:26.599 --> 00:57:30.239
<v Speaker 2>crying with pride for total strangers and or making some

1127
00:57:30.320 --> 00:57:33.760
<v Speaker 2>new friends, do check out five hundred queer scientists. And

1128
00:57:33.920 --> 00:57:35.960
<v Speaker 2>if you are a queer scientist and you're looking for

1129
00:57:36.000 --> 00:57:38.679
<v Speaker 2>a place to find some community, maybe share your story.

1130
00:57:38.920 --> 00:57:42.039
<v Speaker 2>Look no further fam So follow the folks on there,

1131
00:57:42.559 --> 00:57:45.679
<v Speaker 2>fill your feed with really great scientists, fill your heart

1132
00:57:45.760 --> 00:57:49.599
<v Speaker 2>with joy and admiration. How has it changed your life

1133
00:57:49.599 --> 00:57:50.440
<v Speaker 2>having started it?

1134
00:57:51.360 --> 00:57:55.800
<v Speaker 3>I think for me the biggest change has just been

1135
00:57:55.960 --> 00:57:59.639
<v Speaker 3>realizing other people that were not necessarily in my field.

1136
00:57:59.679 --> 00:58:01.639
<v Speaker 3>Although I have met a few people now in the

1137
00:58:01.639 --> 00:58:04.559
<v Speaker 3>field of a racknology that are queer, but in the

1138
00:58:04.599 --> 00:58:07.719
<v Speaker 3>greater field of entomology, which is the study of insects,

1139
00:58:08.039 --> 00:58:10.400
<v Speaker 3>doesn't really include a rachnology, but they allow us to

1140
00:58:10.440 --> 00:58:15.559
<v Speaker 3>participate it's close enough. So I've certainly met lots of entomologists.

1141
00:58:16.280 --> 00:58:18.960
<v Speaker 3>But I think also I've just realized, like how meaningful

1142
00:58:19.000 --> 00:58:21.800
<v Speaker 3>it is for people to realize that there's others out there,

1143
00:58:22.559 --> 00:58:24.719
<v Speaker 3>because I've heard over and over from so many people

1144
00:58:24.800 --> 00:58:28.159
<v Speaker 3>at this point that prior to this campaign, they'd never

1145
00:58:28.280 --> 00:58:31.199
<v Speaker 3>met any other scientists in their field that was LGBT.

1146
00:58:31.719 --> 00:58:34.599
<v Speaker 3>So I wasn't alone, certainly, And I think that's the

1147
00:58:34.639 --> 00:58:37.519
<v Speaker 3>reassuring part of it, is like you're not alone. There's others.

1148
00:58:38.280 --> 00:58:41.199
<v Speaker 3>They're out there, they're just maybe not as visible as

1149
00:58:41.199 --> 00:58:42.039
<v Speaker 3>we'd like them to be.

1150
00:58:43.119 --> 00:58:46.840
<v Speaker 2>Anything that you would suggest for people to kind of

1151
00:58:47.280 --> 00:58:49.360
<v Speaker 2>keep an eye on, or anything that people could do

1152
00:58:49.480 --> 00:58:54.760
<v Speaker 2>to up the inclusion, anything people could do to be allies,

1153
00:58:54.840 --> 00:58:57.440
<v Speaker 2>Like any advice for people who are like, oh, I'm

1154
00:58:57.559 --> 00:58:59.320
<v Speaker 2>not quite sure what I could do to help.

1155
00:59:00.519 --> 00:59:06.159
<v Speaker 3>I think some simple ways is just acknowledging people in

1156
00:59:06.199 --> 00:59:11.559
<v Speaker 3>the workplace or in your student community and asking, like

1157
00:59:11.679 --> 00:59:14.239
<v Speaker 3>point blank, if there's ever anything that they can do,

1158
00:59:15.000 --> 00:59:18.239
<v Speaker 3>or if there's if you are witnessing something that's that's

1159
00:59:18.719 --> 00:59:21.039
<v Speaker 3>would make them feel uncomfortable or you perceive that they're

1160
00:59:21.079 --> 00:59:23.039
<v Speaker 3>uncomfortable to speak out, so that they don't have to

1161
00:59:23.079 --> 00:59:28.199
<v Speaker 3>speak out. I think that that's huge, and you know

1162
00:59:28.280 --> 00:59:29.960
<v Speaker 3>also that I would say for me, that's been one

1163
00:59:29.960 --> 00:59:32.519
<v Speaker 3>of the really great things about having run this campaign.

1164
00:59:32.800 --> 00:59:35.559
<v Speaker 3>By talking about it this much, this aspect of my

1165
00:59:36.239 --> 00:59:41.519
<v Speaker 3>identity this much around my colleagues who are straight and heterosexual,

1166
00:59:42.320 --> 00:59:48.400
<v Speaker 3>non transgender, gender conforming, whatever, they've become much bigger allies

1167
00:59:48.440 --> 00:59:53.239
<v Speaker 3>for me, like huge advocates and have expressed their desire

1168
00:59:53.320 --> 00:59:55.880
<v Speaker 3>for advocacy in a way that like prior to this

1169
00:59:55.920 --> 00:59:58.559
<v Speaker 3>thing never would have done. And so I think for

1170
00:59:59.039 --> 01:00:00.920
<v Speaker 3>all the people that are lgb TEA out there, like

1171
01:00:01.079 --> 01:00:03.320
<v Speaker 3>taking the step of putting yourself out there and like

1172
01:00:03.440 --> 01:00:06.719
<v Speaker 3>expressing your needs to your colleagues and telling them point

1173
01:00:06.719 --> 01:00:10.159
<v Speaker 3>blank how they can help is scary, it's like terrifying,

1174
01:00:10.559 --> 01:00:13.119
<v Speaker 3>But when you do it, like they're really appreciative of

1175
01:00:13.159 --> 01:00:15.280
<v Speaker 3>that because they don't necessarily know how to help you

1176
01:00:15.320 --> 01:00:18.119
<v Speaker 3>and how to be an ally so just asking which

1177
01:00:18.159 --> 01:00:21.000
<v Speaker 3>is I think it's always like hard to ask for help,

1178
01:00:21.119 --> 01:00:24.400
<v Speaker 3>no matter the context, right, But if you can find

1179
01:00:24.440 --> 01:00:26.719
<v Speaker 3>the courage to do so, it makes a huge difference.

1180
01:00:27.039 --> 01:00:29.440
<v Speaker 2>Ah, you're changing so many lives, it's amazing.

1181
01:00:29.519 --> 01:00:32.079
<v Speaker 3>I don't know about that. It's not me, it's the community. Yeah,

1182
01:00:32.280 --> 01:00:34.679
<v Speaker 3>those eight hundred and fifty stories, only one of them's mind.

1183
01:00:34.719 --> 01:00:37.039
<v Speaker 3>But I'm happy to be the spokesperson for the community

1184
01:00:37.079 --> 01:00:39.079
<v Speaker 3>whenever I have, whenever I can, because I am in

1185
01:00:39.119 --> 01:00:42.000
<v Speaker 3>a place of privilege where I can talk openly about

1186
01:00:42.039 --> 01:00:45.119
<v Speaker 3>my identity in my workplace and not have any fear

1187
01:00:45.159 --> 01:00:47.800
<v Speaker 3>of retaliation or retribution and have this full support of

1188
01:00:47.800 --> 01:00:51.599
<v Speaker 3>my institution. So so I'm happy to do that work

1189
01:00:51.639 --> 01:00:54.679
<v Speaker 3>for the community when I can. Like, there's not that

1190
01:00:54.760 --> 01:00:58.719
<v Speaker 3>much information about out there about the experience for LGBT

1191
01:00:58.800 --> 01:01:02.320
<v Speaker 3>people in the workplace them, but the few things that

1192
01:01:02.360 --> 01:01:05.679
<v Speaker 3>we do know is that about forty percent of queer

1193
01:01:05.679 --> 01:01:10.440
<v Speaker 3>faculty members in academia and in industry are not out.

1194
01:01:11.280 --> 01:01:12.840
<v Speaker 3>So there's a lot of people that are out there

1195
01:01:12.880 --> 01:01:17.559
<v Speaker 3>that are not comfortable expressing that part of their identity

1196
01:01:17.599 --> 01:01:20.280
<v Speaker 3>because of fear of retribution, which is a valid fear,

1197
01:01:20.280 --> 01:01:24.360
<v Speaker 3>because surveys have shown that of faculty members that are out,

1198
01:01:24.559 --> 01:01:28.360
<v Speaker 3>seventy percent of them have been made to feel excluded

1199
01:01:28.440 --> 01:01:30.159
<v Speaker 3>or harassed at work by their colleagues.

1200
01:01:30.320 --> 01:01:30.960
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god.

1201
01:01:31.039 --> 01:01:34.199
<v Speaker 3>So there's like a huge motivation not to be out,

1202
01:01:34.480 --> 01:01:38.320
<v Speaker 3>even though being out is great for the community, it's

1203
01:01:38.320 --> 01:01:40.800
<v Speaker 3>great for future students, it's great to be a role model.

1204
01:01:40.840 --> 01:01:45.719
<v Speaker 3>But there's so much, there's so much, there's so many

1205
01:01:45.760 --> 01:01:48.679
<v Speaker 3>reasons not to do it, because you're going to be

1206
01:01:48.719 --> 01:01:51.400
<v Speaker 3>uncomfortable at work, it's going to be terrible. You don't

1207
01:01:51.400 --> 01:01:53.039
<v Speaker 3>want to do that, And so I think it's hard

1208
01:01:53.079 --> 01:01:55.320
<v Speaker 3>to feel that you're in a space that's comfortable enough

1209
01:01:55.360 --> 01:01:57.800
<v Speaker 3>to be out and to be visible.

1210
01:01:57.719 --> 01:02:00.639
<v Speaker 2>So they can commiserate and hear other people's stories. And

1211
01:02:01.360 --> 01:02:03.400
<v Speaker 2>that's amazing. Oh, I'm so glad that you did that.

1212
01:02:03.440 --> 01:02:04.559
<v Speaker 2>You're doing so many good.

1213
01:02:04.440 --> 01:02:08.840
<v Speaker 3>Things and helping peoples and queer people who know that's

1214
01:02:08.840 --> 01:02:11.159
<v Speaker 3>a thing. I don't know how any queer scorpions, but.

1215
01:02:13.079 --> 01:02:14.559
<v Speaker 2>Oh, there's got to be something out there.

1216
01:02:14.800 --> 01:02:17.760
<v Speaker 3>Maybe there's lots of examples of weird things in nature.

1217
01:02:17.880 --> 01:02:20.519
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, they're just under a rock. There's so much more

1218
01:02:20.599 --> 01:02:21.519
<v Speaker 2>fluidity in nature.

1219
01:02:21.599 --> 01:02:23.920
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, much gender fluidity. Right, and yet like as humans

1220
01:02:23.920 --> 01:02:25.840
<v Speaker 3>who want to dichotomize that. It's so crazy.

1221
01:02:25.960 --> 01:02:28.199
<v Speaker 2>I know this Nails episode we talk a lot about

1222
01:02:28.840 --> 01:02:32.719
<v Speaker 2>you know, just you come b yogs, bring your own

1223
01:02:32.760 --> 01:02:37.239
<v Speaker 2>Jenny's and and now the last couple of questions. I

1224
01:02:37.280 --> 01:02:40.960
<v Speaker 2>always ask her, what's the worst thing about your job

1225
01:02:41.079 --> 01:02:43.960
<v Speaker 2>or the most annoying thing about scorpions? What's the shittiest

1226
01:02:44.000 --> 01:02:46.800
<v Speaker 2>aspect about being a scorpionologist, a scorpiologist.

1227
01:02:47.480 --> 01:02:50.519
<v Speaker 3>You know, I think the hardest thing about working in

1228
01:02:50.559 --> 01:02:55.639
<v Speaker 3>science in this moment in time, in this country especially

1229
01:02:56.320 --> 01:03:00.440
<v Speaker 3>is like the funding so tough. And I think in

1230
01:03:00.880 --> 01:03:03.159
<v Speaker 3>the field that I work in, which is sort of

1231
01:03:03.199 --> 01:03:07.559
<v Speaker 3>evolutionary biology, the successful funding rate to the main place

1232
01:03:07.559 --> 01:03:09.920
<v Speaker 3>that we apply for funding is the National Science Foundation

1233
01:03:10.199 --> 01:03:14.880
<v Speaker 3>government grants, the success rates about four percent. So as

1234
01:03:14.920 --> 01:03:17.760
<v Speaker 3>an early career scientist like breaking into that because you know,

1235
01:03:18.159 --> 01:03:21.199
<v Speaker 3>like almost certainly that four percent is not evenly distributed

1236
01:03:21.239 --> 01:03:24.519
<v Speaker 3>across all genders and ethnicities and stages of career. It's

1237
01:03:24.559 --> 01:03:28.800
<v Speaker 3>certainly biased because the people that are more senior, are

1238
01:03:28.800 --> 01:03:31.559
<v Speaker 3>more established, to tend to be more white, more male,

1239
01:03:32.239 --> 01:03:35.800
<v Speaker 3>and are better at getting grants. So to be an

1240
01:03:35.840 --> 01:03:38.400
<v Speaker 3>early career researcher, trying to break into a four percent

1241
01:03:38.440 --> 01:03:42.679
<v Speaker 3>funding rate is daunting and hard, and it makes it

1242
01:03:42.719 --> 01:03:45.920
<v Speaker 3>really hard to find enough money to do the thing

1243
01:03:46.000 --> 01:03:48.320
<v Speaker 3>that you want to do and feel is really important

1244
01:03:48.679 --> 01:03:49.840
<v Speaker 3>contribution to society.

1245
01:03:50.840 --> 01:03:52.280
<v Speaker 2>Do you have to write all your own grants or

1246
01:03:52.320 --> 01:03:52.960
<v Speaker 2>do I do?

1247
01:03:53.199 --> 01:03:56.599
<v Speaker 3>Yeah? I do. I submit probably three or so a year,

1248
01:03:57.199 --> 01:04:00.440
<v Speaker 3>and you know those each of those takes months and months,

1249
01:04:00.920 --> 01:04:03.000
<v Speaker 3>so it's time away from research, which is what I

1250
01:04:03.039 --> 01:04:04.599
<v Speaker 3>really love and want to really be doing.

1251
01:04:04.800 --> 01:04:08.840
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and now, best thing about scorpions, Best thing about

1252
01:04:08.880 --> 01:04:10.559
<v Speaker 2>your job? What do you love?

1253
01:04:10.760 --> 01:04:12.320
<v Speaker 3>And you know, I love my job because I get

1254
01:04:12.320 --> 01:04:14.639
<v Speaker 3>to wear so many hats and I'm at an institution

1255
01:04:14.760 --> 01:04:17.679
<v Speaker 3>that feels I'm at an institution that was such a

1256
01:04:17.679 --> 01:04:19.639
<v Speaker 3>good match for me, which is why I wanted to

1257
01:04:19.679 --> 01:04:25.639
<v Speaker 3>work there. The Calibournia Academy of Sciences is is I think,

1258
01:04:26.199 --> 01:04:31.039
<v Speaker 3>an incredible museum because it's equally committed to science outreach,

1259
01:04:31.119 --> 01:04:34.639
<v Speaker 3>which is something I love doing and like really high

1260
01:04:34.679 --> 01:04:38.119
<v Speaker 3>quality science research. So for me those two aspects of

1261
01:04:38.639 --> 01:04:42.039
<v Speaker 3>my work life, I always felt like I was going

1262
01:04:42.079 --> 01:04:43.840
<v Speaker 3>to have to give up one for the other. Like

1263
01:04:43.840 --> 01:04:45.760
<v Speaker 3>in a faculty job at a university, I was going

1264
01:04:45.840 --> 01:04:47.280
<v Speaker 3>to have to give up the outreach because that's like

1265
01:04:47.320 --> 01:04:51.639
<v Speaker 3>extra credit, it's extracurricular. It's not something that's considered in

1266
01:04:51.639 --> 01:04:55.679
<v Speaker 3>your annual review or your job performance. Or doing science outreach,

1267
01:04:55.719 --> 01:04:57.000
<v Speaker 3>I was going to have to give up science because

1268
01:04:57.000 --> 01:05:00.199
<v Speaker 3>there's very few science outreach jobs where you can still

1269
01:05:00.239 --> 01:05:02.920
<v Speaker 3>engage as much as you need to in the science

1270
01:05:02.960 --> 01:05:07.400
<v Speaker 3>research itself. But I found a really great fit, and

1271
01:05:07.440 --> 01:05:09.920
<v Speaker 3>I think for me. That's like the great thing about

1272
01:05:09.920 --> 01:05:12.480
<v Speaker 3>going to work every day is they love all the

1273
01:05:12.519 --> 01:05:15.880
<v Speaker 3>things I'm doing, including running a little nonprofit that's focused

1274
01:05:15.880 --> 01:05:19.039
<v Speaker 3>on conservation and doing a visibility campaign for a queer

1275
01:05:19.079 --> 01:05:22.039
<v Speaker 3>sciences And it's nice to be somewhere where I can

1276
01:05:22.079 --> 01:05:24.199
<v Speaker 3>bring all of me to the job.

1277
01:05:24.880 --> 01:05:27.599
<v Speaker 2>It's a beautiful place. Oh my god.

1278
01:05:27.800 --> 01:05:29.320
<v Speaker 3>If you've ever if you're going to work every day

1279
01:05:29.400 --> 01:05:30.599
<v Speaker 3>is also not so bad.

1280
01:05:30.760 --> 01:05:33.280
<v Speaker 2>Oh man, if you're in San Francisco, go go go.

1281
01:05:33.519 --> 01:05:36.280
<v Speaker 2>It's just oh, I could spend days.

1282
01:05:36.559 --> 01:05:38.199
<v Speaker 3>I just like walk through the park to work in

1283
01:05:38.239 --> 01:05:44.320
<v Speaker 3>the morning. I see coyotes and there's like crows quawking,

1284
01:05:44.480 --> 01:05:47.960
<v Speaker 3>and redtail hawks fly soaring through the air. It's like

1285
01:05:48.039 --> 01:05:51.639
<v Speaker 3>pretty amazing special. Lately, we have a turkey that lives

1286
01:05:51.719 --> 01:05:55.440
<v Speaker 3>in our business entrance and she just like hangs out

1287
01:05:55.559 --> 01:05:59.599
<v Speaker 3>in the in the like little walkway, like like fluffing

1288
01:05:59.679 --> 01:06:02.519
<v Speaker 3>up her others and like walks around. There's lots of

1289
01:06:02.519 --> 01:06:05.239
<v Speaker 3>different names for her, but everybody's got a different name.

1290
01:06:05.400 --> 01:06:06.199
<v Speaker 2>What do you call her?

1291
01:06:06.519 --> 01:06:10.559
<v Speaker 3>I call her burn That Okay, somebody I didn't make

1292
01:06:10.559 --> 01:06:12.599
<v Speaker 3>the name up. Somebody else did, but that's my favorite one.

1293
01:06:12.639 --> 01:06:14.559
<v Speaker 3>I feel like it's like like burn and that's like

1294
01:06:14.599 --> 01:06:17.039
<v Speaker 3>a real Turkey kind of name. It's definitely she's a

1295
01:06:17.039 --> 01:06:18.239
<v Speaker 3>pretty turkey too.

1296
01:06:18.719 --> 01:06:20.679
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, I need to come back and visit.

1297
01:06:20.840 --> 01:06:22.320
<v Speaker 2>Thank you so much for doing this.

1298
01:06:22.599 --> 01:06:24.000
<v Speaker 3>Thank you, Oh my god, it's great.

1299
01:06:24.159 --> 01:06:27.360
<v Speaker 2>Oh I've been I have been gently prodding you for

1300
01:06:27.400 --> 01:06:29.800
<v Speaker 2>too long, Like.

1301
01:06:28.920 --> 01:06:31.159
<v Speaker 3>Like ships in the night, we can never like manage

1302
01:06:31.159 --> 01:06:33.360
<v Speaker 3>to meet up on us. We did it, I did.

1303
01:06:33.440 --> 01:06:37.360
<v Speaker 2>We did it. So ask smart people stupid questions, because

1304
01:06:37.440 --> 01:06:40.119
<v Speaker 2>how the hell else would we ever find out that

1305
01:06:40.239 --> 01:06:43.000
<v Speaker 2>scorpions are four hundred and fifty million years old and

1306
01:06:43.039 --> 01:06:46.519
<v Speaker 2>we're once the size of like a couch? What what?

1307
01:06:47.000 --> 01:06:49.920
<v Speaker 2>To learn more about doctor Esposito's endeavor, you can find

1308
01:06:49.920 --> 01:06:54.360
<v Speaker 2>her on Twitter at a racknology nerd. She's on Instagram

1309
01:06:54.400 --> 01:06:57.880
<v Speaker 2>at karrabalz and I will put links in the show notes.

1310
01:06:58.079 --> 01:07:02.400
<v Speaker 2>Her education nonprofit again is Island and sees It's islandscs

1311
01:07:02.440 --> 01:07:06.760
<v Speaker 2>dot org. You can go to five hundred QUEERSI on

1312
01:07:06.840 --> 01:07:11.039
<v Speaker 2>Twitter on Instagram they are five hundred Queer Scientists and

1313
01:07:11.079 --> 01:07:14.280
<v Speaker 2>it's five hundred Queer Scientists dot com. More links will

1314
01:07:14.320 --> 01:07:19.320
<v Speaker 2>all be up at Aliward dot com, slash ologies, slash scorpiology.

1315
01:07:19.639 --> 01:07:22.679
<v Speaker 2>You can follow Ologies on Twitter or Instagram at Ologies.

1316
01:07:22.880 --> 01:07:26.320
<v Speaker 2>I'm on both at Aliward with one L and there's

1317
01:07:26.480 --> 01:07:29.639
<v Speaker 2>tons of links again for each episode up at alleyward

1318
01:07:29.679 --> 01:07:32.239
<v Speaker 2>dot com slash ologies, and you can become a patron.

1319
01:07:32.480 --> 01:07:35.760
<v Speaker 2>If you like patreon dot com slash Ologies, you can

1320
01:07:35.800 --> 01:07:38.719
<v Speaker 2>get merch at ologiesmerch dot com or through my website.

1321
01:07:38.800 --> 01:07:41.079
<v Speaker 2>Thank you to Bonnie Dutch and also Shannon Feltis for

1322
01:07:41.119 --> 01:07:43.599
<v Speaker 2>helping manage that. Thank you to Aaron Talbert and Hannah

1323
01:07:43.639 --> 01:07:47.840
<v Speaker 2>Lippo for adminting the Really Wonderful Ologies Facebook group. Thank

1324
01:07:47.840 --> 01:07:50.880
<v Speaker 2>you to interns Harry Kim and Caleb Patton of the

1325
01:07:51.079 --> 01:07:55.320
<v Speaker 2>You're Never Too Old podcast, to assistant editor Jarrett Sleeper

1326
01:07:55.440 --> 01:07:58.159
<v Speaker 2>of Mine Jam Media. He also hosts the podcast My

1327
01:07:58.239 --> 01:08:01.960
<v Speaker 2>Good Bad Brain and a combat sports podcast called fight Stuff.

1328
01:08:02.480 --> 01:08:04.320
<v Speaker 2>And thank you to Stephen Ray Morris of the per

1329
01:08:04.360 --> 01:08:07.599
<v Speaker 2>cast Antcy Jurassic Right for never being a frog stabber

1330
01:08:07.639 --> 01:08:11.119
<v Speaker 2>and editing this all together. Also Nick Thorburn of the

1331
01:08:11.119 --> 01:08:14.119
<v Speaker 2>band Islands, who wrote and performed the theme music. And

1332
01:08:14.199 --> 01:08:16.279
<v Speaker 2>if you listen to the end of the episode, I

1333
01:08:16.319 --> 01:08:18.800
<v Speaker 2>always tell you a secret. This week I want to

1334
01:08:18.800 --> 01:08:22.359
<v Speaker 2>tell you about Herbert. Herbert is my tiny tooth I

1335
01:08:22.399 --> 01:08:24.680
<v Speaker 2>have this one tooth that I had a veneer on

1336
01:08:24.840 --> 01:08:27.600
<v Speaker 2>because it's just tiny, and so I was trying to

1337
01:08:27.600 --> 01:08:29.640
<v Speaker 2>get my teeth moved around. I've been doing in visiline

1338
01:08:29.640 --> 01:08:32.560
<v Speaker 2>for like four or five months to get Herbert back

1339
01:08:32.560 --> 01:08:35.479
<v Speaker 2>into place, and they had to take the veneer off

1340
01:08:35.600 --> 01:08:40.039
<v Speaker 2>to like fix it, and I did not know how

1341
01:08:40.079 --> 01:08:42.279
<v Speaker 2>small he was. It's been a while since I've seen him,

1342
01:08:42.720 --> 01:08:46.000
<v Speaker 2>and so now I just have this one little tooth

1343
01:08:46.279 --> 01:08:49.279
<v Speaker 2>I'm in between the veneers, and I got it taken off,

1344
01:08:49.279 --> 01:08:51.439
<v Speaker 2>and I asked some close friends like, look at this,

1345
01:08:51.800 --> 01:08:53.960
<v Speaker 2>and they were like, I didn't. I wouldn't have even

1346
01:08:54.000 --> 01:08:57.159
<v Speaker 2>noticed it. Ali, you're tripping like it's I wouldn't have

1347
01:08:57.159 --> 01:08:59.359
<v Speaker 2>even seen it. And then I went and saw my

1348
01:08:59.359 --> 01:09:01.880
<v Speaker 2>friend Daylan by the way, Happy birthday Daylan. It's her

1349
01:09:01.880 --> 01:09:04.880
<v Speaker 2>birthday today. And one of the first things she said, well,

1350
01:09:04.880 --> 01:09:06.880
<v Speaker 2>happened to your tooth. And I was like, is it noticeable?

1351
01:09:06.920 --> 01:09:09.760
<v Speaker 2>She's like yes, I said. Other friends were like, they

1352
01:09:09.760 --> 01:09:12.359
<v Speaker 2>wouldn't have even seen it. She's like, they're lying to you.

1353
01:09:12.920 --> 01:09:15.479
<v Speaker 2>So I'm gonna get it fixed. But meanwhile, if you

1354
01:09:15.479 --> 01:09:18.119
<v Speaker 2>are at the museum and you're like, Allie, what's up

1355
01:09:18.159 --> 01:09:20.960
<v Speaker 2>with her? Tooth. That's what's up with it. It's almost fixed.

1356
01:09:21.279 --> 01:09:23.479
<v Speaker 2>You'd never know, but I figured I might as well

1357
01:09:23.560 --> 01:09:27.439
<v Speaker 2>use the end of this episode to tell you about Herbert. Maybe, Patreon,

1358
01:09:27.760 --> 01:09:30.359
<v Speaker 2>maybe I'll just post a little smiley video of me

1359
01:09:30.439 --> 01:09:33.720
<v Speaker 2>and Herbert up there and Daylan, Happy birthday. Thank you

1360
01:09:33.760 --> 01:09:35.239
<v Speaker 2>for always telling me the truth.

1361
01:09:35.359 --> 01:09:37.279
<v Speaker 3>I love you so much, Okay.

1362
01:09:37.359 --> 01:09:59.760
<v Speaker 4>Pacadermatology, hommeiology or do zoology, lithology, minology, meteorology, paratology, nathology, seriology, elenology.

1363
01:10:03.359 --> 01:10:06.640
<v Speaker 1>Imagine a place where you can escape for a day,

1364
01:10:07.439 --> 01:10:11.960
<v Speaker 1>get immersed in a world of rooms, inspiration, and expertise,

1365
01:10:12.560 --> 01:10:17.680
<v Speaker 1>where you can lay in luxury accommodation and kids can

1366
01:10:17.760 --> 01:10:23.479
<v Speaker 1>feast from ninety five sets. Tickets are free to everyone

1367
01:10:23.760 --> 01:10:28.720
<v Speaker 1>and include all the attractions you've just imagined. A day

1368
01:10:28.880 --> 01:10:32.800
<v Speaker 1>out at the caia A care the wonderful every day