WEBVTT 1 00:00:02.480 --> 00:00:05.080 A gentleman who we can call Elon in everybody, at 2 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:07.519 least in this country, I know exactly who you're talking about. 3 00:00:08.240 --> 00:00:13.359 But mister Elon Musk, he's the CEO, lead designer of SpaceX. 4 00:00:14.320 --> 00:00:21.600 Everyone I think knows this. SpaceX is an amazing commercial company. 5 00:00:21.679 --> 00:00:26.000 It's the first company to launch commercial rocket and to 6 00:00:26.199 --> 00:00:30.079 low Earth orbit with their Falcon one launch. Then in 7 00:00:30.320 --> 00:00:32.439 two thousand and eight they were one of the winners 8 00:00:33.079 --> 00:00:37.359 of a contract to bring services to the International Space Station, 9 00:00:38.119 --> 00:00:40.840 the first commercial company to berth with the International Space 10 00:00:40.880 --> 00:00:44.320 Station bringing supplies. They're also the first commercial company to 11 00:00:44.359 --> 00:00:49.200 return a sizable return vehicle with all the components still intact, 12 00:00:49.280 --> 00:00:52.880 which is very important to us, back to the surface 13 00:00:52.960 --> 00:00:56.359 of the Earth. And so it's an amazing company. Has 14 00:00:56.399 --> 00:00:59.920 done a great job and continues to push the boundary 15 00:01:00.119 --> 00:01:02.920 that you'll hear from Elon. But his interest really is 16 00:01:02.960 --> 00:01:04.719 not so much in lower Earth orbit as it is 17 00:01:05.079 --> 00:01:08.959 going beyond lower th orbit and making sure humanity will 18 00:01:09.000 --> 00:01:15.680 continue to live by exploring beyond beyond Earth. Elon has 19 00:01:15.799 --> 00:01:19.000 a varied history of things that he's been involved in. 20 00:01:19.400 --> 00:01:21.239 This was this is one of the things that makes 21 00:01:21.280 --> 00:01:23.640 it so exciting to have this conversation with him today. 22 00:01:24.280 --> 00:01:27.640 He's not one dimensional space guy. He's involved in Tesla Motors, 23 00:01:27.719 --> 00:01:31.439 which he is a co founder and CEO, and also 24 00:01:31.480 --> 00:01:34.000 a major player in the design efforts and what they 25 00:01:34.079 --> 00:01:37.359 choose to go build and how of course, he was 26 00:01:37.400 --> 00:01:41.400 a co founder of PayPal and zip too. He's deeply 27 00:01:41.439 --> 00:01:44.799 involved in a number of other industries as well. And 28 00:01:44.840 --> 00:01:47.959 so it's my great honor to welcome Elon Muska to 29 00:01:48.040 --> 00:02:08.719 the stage. Thanks for coming, appreciate it. Okay, well, these 30 00:02:08.719 --> 00:02:13.719 are great chairs, you guys. Look at those chairs you're in. 31 00:02:15.639 --> 00:02:18.560 Let's see. So Elon, you've you and I were gonna 32 00:02:18.560 --> 00:02:20.159 have a little chat this morning. We said it was 33 00:02:20.159 --> 00:02:22.800 gonna be a fireside chat. So minus the fireside I 34 00:02:22.800 --> 00:02:26.879 guess we're ready again. I've, as you heard, I've encouraged 35 00:02:26.919 --> 00:02:28.879 folks to ask a few questions along the way, but 36 00:02:28.960 --> 00:02:31.120 I have a few, a few questions I thought to 37 00:02:31.120 --> 00:02:34.080 get us started. So the first one, which is probably 38 00:02:34.080 --> 00:02:36.639 on everybody's mind, is perhaps you want to discuss a 39 00:02:36.680 --> 00:02:40.800 little bit about the recent loss of the dragon in 40 00:02:41.280 --> 00:02:43.120 the Falcon nine here on Space x seven. 41 00:02:44.680 --> 00:02:47.680 Sure, well, I mean I think it's it's obviously it's 42 00:02:47.680 --> 00:02:53.560 a huge load to to SpaceX and and or do 43 00:02:53.639 --> 00:03:00.919 we take these missions incredibly seriously? The investigator, everyone that 44 00:03:01.000 --> 00:03:05.400 can engage in the investigation of SpaceX is very very 45 00:03:05.400 --> 00:03:10.439 focused on that. And I in this case, the the 46 00:03:10.439 --> 00:03:15.360 the data does seem to be quite difficult to interpret, 47 00:03:15.400 --> 00:03:18.039 Like whatever happened is is clearly not a sort of 48 00:03:18.080 --> 00:03:24.400 simple straightforward UH thing. So we wanna spend as much 49 00:03:24.439 --> 00:03:27.759 time as possible just reviewing the data, obviously going over 50 00:03:27.800 --> 00:03:30.479 it with with NASA and with the FA and with 51 00:03:30.520 --> 00:03:33.039 the number of other customers, and just sort of seeing 52 00:03:34.840 --> 00:03:38.319 what to feedback everyone has based on their prior experience, 53 00:03:39.400 --> 00:03:41.960 to see if we can get to what the uh 54 00:03:42.520 --> 00:03:46.919 most likely root causes at look at both what we 55 00:03:46.960 --> 00:03:51.319 think most likely happened and then anything that's a close call, 56 00:03:51.879 --> 00:03:55.400 and try to uh address all of those things and 57 00:03:55.599 --> 00:03:58.120 maximize the probably of success for future missions. 58 00:03:58.800 --> 00:04:01.840 Any hints where you think the problem. 59 00:04:01.479 --> 00:04:04.639 Lies, well, and I know that this this media and 60 00:04:04.719 --> 00:04:06.439 the audience, so you have to be fair. 61 00:04:08.360 --> 00:04:11.479 I never really learned that, but that is a lesson 62 00:04:11.800 --> 00:04:12.360 working on. 63 00:04:12.879 --> 00:04:17.279 So so it's yeah, I mean, I you know, the 64 00:04:19.639 --> 00:04:22.600 I think I think I think we'll be able to 65 00:04:23.439 --> 00:04:27.600 say something more definitive towards the end of the week. 66 00:04:29.079 --> 00:04:31.959 At this point, really the only thing that's really clear 67 00:04:32.040 --> 00:04:35.439 is that there was some kind of over pressure events 68 00:04:35.519 --> 00:04:39.120 in the upper stage liquid oxygen tank, but the exact 69 00:04:39.240 --> 00:04:42.279 cause and the sequence of events, there's there's still no. 70 00:04:44.399 --> 00:04:47.240 Clear theory that fits with all the data. 71 00:04:48.319 --> 00:04:50.439 So we have to determine if some of the data 72 00:04:51.199 --> 00:04:55.480 is a measurement error of some kind or whether there 73 00:04:55.560 --> 00:04:59.519 is actually a theory that matches the sort of what 74 00:04:59.639 --> 00:05:01.680 what pear to be conflicting data points. 75 00:05:02.160 --> 00:05:05.639 Okay, very good. I'll just make a comment. The tweets 76 00:05:05.680 --> 00:05:08.920 you put out regularly, particularly when events like this happen, 77 00:05:09.639 --> 00:05:12.079 are really useful to everybody. We really do appreciate it. 78 00:05:12.120 --> 00:05:14.600 You'd be amazed at how many folks quote what you 79 00:05:14.720 --> 00:05:18.439 said and how glad they are that you just step 80 00:05:18.519 --> 00:05:20.920 right out and at least give some sign about what's 81 00:05:20.959 --> 00:05:22.519 going on and that you know we'll get through it. 82 00:05:22.680 --> 00:05:23.399 Things are going well. 83 00:05:23.439 --> 00:05:27.199 So we appreciate that absolutely, and for sure, as soon 84 00:05:27.240 --> 00:05:30.720 as we think we've got a clear line on what 85 00:05:30.759 --> 00:05:32.680 would happened and we've sort of cross checked it with 86 00:05:32.720 --> 00:05:36.639 as many experts as we can, and certainly appreciate that 87 00:05:36.720 --> 00:05:39.720 the feedback from NASAU on this front. Ver very much 88 00:05:39.720 --> 00:05:44.480 appreciate it. We'll certainly put a put out that story. 89 00:05:44.480 --> 00:05:48.040 I'm only reticence about saying something quite yet is I 90 00:05:48.040 --> 00:05:50.160 don't want to say something that subsequently turns out to 91 00:05:50.199 --> 00:05:53.000 be a miss misunderstanding of the situation. 92 00:05:53.079 --> 00:05:57.920 Oh yeah, absolutely understand that. So one of the questions 93 00:05:57.959 --> 00:06:04.759 that I asked myself regularly is at what point does 94 00:06:04.800 --> 00:06:09.800 all this government help hurt? So this ha been occurred, 95 00:06:09.959 --> 00:06:14.120 and we have you have the NASA folks there from 96 00:06:14.439 --> 00:06:17.720 from about three different programs that intend to use your services, 97 00:06:18.000 --> 00:06:21.560 ISS being one of them. You have the FAA, that's uh, 98 00:06:22.240 --> 00:06:31.519 that's involved, the RANGE folks are there without feeling like 99 00:06:31.600 --> 00:06:36.439 you're giving your customers a hard time? How is that 100 00:06:36.560 --> 00:06:41.439 interaction and what what should we consider doing differently so 101 00:06:41.480 --> 00:06:44.959 that we in those areas where we can help, we 102 00:06:45.040 --> 00:06:49.519 are helpful, and in those those areas where we're really 103 00:06:49.639 --> 00:06:52.920 keeping you from getting your job done, we can modify ourselves. 104 00:06:53.759 --> 00:06:53.959 Yeah. 105 00:06:54.000 --> 00:06:56.040 Actually, I think the interaction with NASA has been great 106 00:06:56.040 --> 00:07:01.959 this far. The biggest challenge there there are a lot 107 00:07:01.959 --> 00:07:04.600 of inquiries coming in simultaneously. 108 00:07:04.319 --> 00:07:04.480 So. 109 00:07:05.920 --> 00:07:09.360 It's it's hard to sort of keep you know, respond 110 00:07:09.399 --> 00:07:11.120 to respond to everyone right away. 111 00:07:11.399 --> 00:07:13.279 But but actually it seems to have gone fairly well. 112 00:07:13.439 --> 00:07:15.639 The biggest thing that's needed in the in the sort 113 00:07:15.639 --> 00:07:17.839 of short term is the ability to sort of gather 114 00:07:17.920 --> 00:07:21.680 all the data create a very precise timeline so that 115 00:07:21.879 --> 00:07:24.399 you know, by by the melosecond we know what each 116 00:07:24.439 --> 00:07:28.600 sensor was reading, and we can correlate that with the 117 00:07:28.759 --> 00:07:31.600 ground video and actually, like one of the biggest challenges 118 00:07:31.800 --> 00:07:35.439 is matching the things to the exact time, you know, 119 00:07:35.720 --> 00:07:39.439 because when you're talking about you know, a matter of meloseconds, 120 00:07:40.959 --> 00:07:43.600 you know, being able to say what is the groundtrack 121 00:07:43.759 --> 00:07:48.879 video compared to the data as received by the you know, 122 00:07:48.959 --> 00:07:51.560 by by the ground station from the rocket, and then 123 00:07:51.600 --> 00:07:54.680 taking into account for exactly the actual time taking to 124 00:07:54.759 --> 00:07:59.720 generate a packet of information. When when was that sensor read, 125 00:08:00.079 --> 00:08:03.079 when was it encoded into a packet, and when was 126 00:08:03.120 --> 00:08:06.879 that packet sent to the ground when when you're doing 127 00:08:06.879 --> 00:08:10.199 in in molliseconds, that all that stuff actually makes quite 128 00:08:10.199 --> 00:08:15.360 a big difference. So that's the biggest sort of effort 129 00:08:15.399 --> 00:08:18.199 we've been engaged in thus far, is just putting together 130 00:08:18.240 --> 00:08:22.920 a super detailed timeline and then just making sure that 131 00:08:23.120 --> 00:08:25.639 we have this sequence of events down. 132 00:08:25.720 --> 00:08:27.879 As precisely as possible. That's what we're working on. 133 00:08:28.480 --> 00:08:33.639 And but but actually, certainly with the interaction we've had 134 00:08:33.679 --> 00:08:35.600 with with Nason with us has actually been quite good 135 00:08:35.720 --> 00:08:38.679 thus far, and we've explained that this is what we're doing, 136 00:08:38.720 --> 00:08:44.279 and then we very much welcome any feedback or input 137 00:08:44.799 --> 00:08:46.639 or a view of the data that would lead us 138 00:08:46.679 --> 00:08:49.159 to a better understanding of the circumstances. 139 00:08:49.960 --> 00:08:53.279 I thought we had a very productive discussion back when 140 00:08:53.279 --> 00:08:56.399 we had the engine one anomaly, and so I found 141 00:08:56.440 --> 00:09:01.080 it be very useful. But that's a perspective from NASA perspective, 142 00:09:01.120 --> 00:09:03.639 so it's always interesting to know your perspective of that. 143 00:09:03.919 --> 00:09:06.120 Yeah, it seems to be quite quite good actually right now. 144 00:09:06.320 --> 00:09:11.720 Yeah, so you're building the last couple of launches you've 145 00:09:11.720 --> 00:09:15.960 had landing legs, and you've been working on landing the 146 00:09:16.000 --> 00:09:19.200 first stage back eventually to shore, and you talk a 147 00:09:19.240 --> 00:09:21.000 little bit about that and which your vision is for 148 00:09:21.080 --> 00:09:23.639 that and for a SpaceX in general as you go forward. 149 00:09:24.200 --> 00:09:28.879 Sure, well, the overwatching goal of SpaceX is to try 150 00:09:28.879 --> 00:09:34.279 to advance the state of space transport, advanced space transport 151 00:09:34.279 --> 00:09:38.240 technology to the point where well it get as far 152 00:09:38.279 --> 00:09:42.799 along the path as we can to where space travel 153 00:09:43.039 --> 00:09:45.960 is hopefully commonplace at some point in the future, and 154 00:09:46.960 --> 00:09:49.960 where we can send large numbers of people and cargo 155 00:09:50.120 --> 00:09:53.480 to other planets. And you know, it's like that's the 156 00:09:53.519 --> 00:09:55.759 sort of thing that needs to happen for humanity to 157 00:09:55.799 --> 00:09:57.840 have a great future in space. So we want to 158 00:09:57.919 --> 00:10:02.919 keep pushing that, and I think like to that future 159 00:10:03.120 --> 00:10:04.000 is reusability. 160 00:10:05.360 --> 00:10:06.399 So that's why we've worked. 161 00:10:06.279 --> 00:10:10.639 Quite hard on reusability, and unfortunately we haven't succeeded yet. 162 00:10:10.759 --> 00:10:15.840 And in fact, the last launch, ironically was we actually 163 00:10:15.879 --> 00:10:19.159 had the best chance of landing of the vehicle on 164 00:10:19.200 --> 00:10:21.960 the on the sort of drone ship that's keeping station 165 00:10:22.080 --> 00:10:25.840 in the Atlantic. So we're actually quite sort of geared 166 00:10:25.919 --> 00:10:28.480 up for hopefully this would be a really great launch, 167 00:10:28.480 --> 00:10:31.480 and unfortunately ended up being the opposite. On my birthday 168 00:10:31.480 --> 00:10:38.879 of all things. It was a real downer, you'll remember 169 00:10:38.879 --> 00:10:45.720 it though, definitely low point. But but but I do 170 00:10:45.759 --> 00:10:48.519 think in the in the future launches that that we've 171 00:10:48.519 --> 00:10:51.720 got a decent chance of landing on the ship and 172 00:10:51.759 --> 00:10:55.919 then bringing the boostage back to land, and then the 173 00:10:55.919 --> 00:10:58.600 next challenge, of course, is trying to figure out how 174 00:10:58.679 --> 00:11:04.879 to efficiently effectively reuse it. And it is designed for 175 00:11:05.039 --> 00:11:07.919 easy reuse in theory, but we've got to see what 176 00:11:07.960 --> 00:11:10.679 the stage looks looks like when it comes back in 177 00:11:10.720 --> 00:11:15.399 one piece. We have been able to over the last 178 00:11:15.399 --> 00:11:17.720 few years to do a number of vertical takeoff landing 179 00:11:17.759 --> 00:11:23.519 tests of hardware that's essentially in the flight configuration, so 180 00:11:23.559 --> 00:11:26.399 we know we can we can handle the terminal phase 181 00:11:26.600 --> 00:11:30.039 if you know, if things go right, we can take 182 00:11:30.080 --> 00:11:33.279 off land no problem. So it's just a question of 183 00:11:34.120 --> 00:11:38.279 completing all the pieces and hopefully later this year won't 184 00:11:38.320 --> 00:11:40.720 be able to do that, but that that's key. So 185 00:11:40.960 --> 00:11:43.879 but of course that doesn't address upper stage reuse, but 186 00:11:43.919 --> 00:11:47.919 it addresses boostage reuse, which is sort of seventy percent 187 00:11:48.000 --> 00:11:50.039 to eight percent of the of the of the cost. 188 00:11:51.720 --> 00:11:55.159 And but I think would be a great step towards 189 00:11:56.720 --> 00:11:59.600 lowering the cost of space transport. 190 00:12:00.480 --> 00:12:03.879 So you know, if you look at your history, I 191 00:12:03.879 --> 00:12:10.919 guess zip to PayPal these are largely software type efforts. 192 00:12:10.960 --> 00:12:16.799 Now you've got Tesla electric cars, you're building a battery plant, 193 00:12:19.320 --> 00:12:21.960 solar city. I guess you're involved in solar city. So 194 00:12:21.960 --> 00:12:26.480 why space? It seems space to me and just what 195 00:12:26.559 --> 00:12:28.600 I rate with you seems to be more of a 196 00:12:28.679 --> 00:12:32.120 passion than the others or our businesses. But I can't 197 00:12:32.159 --> 00:12:34.240 tell why space Why are you? Why do you think 198 00:12:34.279 --> 00:12:37.639 it's important for us to be having access to lowerth orbit? 199 00:12:38.320 --> 00:12:41.919 Well, the I mean actually technically, I mean with with 200 00:12:42.039 --> 00:12:47.360 the Tesla and Solar City, they're about helping to solve 201 00:12:47.399 --> 00:12:52.399 the sustainable energy problem, and so we're trying to make 202 00:12:52.399 --> 00:12:56.639 progress in that front on with those companies. With with SpaceX, 203 00:12:56.799 --> 00:13:02.440 it's trying to help solve the space bearing problem. I 204 00:13:02.440 --> 00:13:04.840 mean I I I think that a a future where 205 00:13:04.840 --> 00:13:08.000 we're a space baring civilization and a and a multiplanet 206 00:13:08.039 --> 00:13:13.559 species is very exciting, inspiring, awesome future. And in order 207 00:13:13.600 --> 00:13:18.279 for that to happen, W we've we've got to dramatically 208 00:13:18.600 --> 00:13:19.240 improve the. 209 00:13:19.159 --> 00:13:20.440 Cost of space flight. 210 00:13:22.639 --> 00:13:27.159 And uh, and that's that's why why space X exists, 211 00:13:27.480 --> 00:13:30.879 is to try to try to lower the cost of spaceflight, uh, 212 00:13:31.120 --> 00:13:33.240 which we've made some progress in doing, but still I 213 00:13:33.240 --> 00:13:39.440 would call up improvements thus far evolutionary, not revolutionary, and 214 00:13:40.159 --> 00:13:42.519 but with with a lot of continued work, and then 215 00:13:42.559 --> 00:13:46.639 I think there's the potential for for order of magnitude 216 00:13:46.840 --> 00:13:49.960 or greater improvements, reasability being key to all of that. 217 00:13:50.039 --> 00:13:54.759 Of course, and uh yeah, and then hopefully if I 218 00:13:54.879 --> 00:13:56.240 you know, if we want to see if if we 219 00:13:56.279 --> 00:14:00.080 can keep improving the the cost of space flight and 220 00:14:00.120 --> 00:14:03.159 eventually that trend is in the right direction, that could 221 00:14:03.159 --> 00:14:07.279 be leading to a city on Mars, and certainly along 222 00:14:07.320 --> 00:14:09.399 the way a lot of activity and low with orbit 223 00:14:09.720 --> 00:14:14.240 and the Moon and you know, lots of other exciting things. 224 00:14:15.559 --> 00:14:17.919 So one of the things we're trying to do with 225 00:14:18.000 --> 00:14:22.320 the International Space Station is try to figure out which 226 00:14:22.480 --> 00:14:25.320 industries will prosper from the use of lower th orbit 227 00:14:25.480 --> 00:14:31.639 to try to understand or help grow the economy essentially 228 00:14:31.639 --> 00:14:34.960 in lower th orbit. And folks who are doing that 229 00:14:35.000 --> 00:14:38.399 are all taking risks today. Our job is to try 230 00:14:38.399 --> 00:14:40.519 to reduce the risk as much as we can near 231 00:14:40.639 --> 00:14:44.799 term so that they can get the information they need 232 00:14:44.840 --> 00:14:47.759 to really have a business case for the future. But 233 00:14:47.840 --> 00:14:52.600 everyone's trying to calculate a risk. So is there an 234 00:14:52.679 --> 00:14:59.639 e Lawn Musk philosophy of risk ursted benefit? And when 235 00:14:59.679 --> 00:15:01.720 you I think is the right time to jump in? 236 00:15:01.840 --> 00:15:04.399 I mean, what is your thought on on how to 237 00:15:04.440 --> 00:15:08.480 approach new industries, innovative areas and when's the right time 238 00:15:08.519 --> 00:15:13.039 to jump in or not? Or do you just mean 239 00:15:13.159 --> 00:15:15.240 is there no crystal ball or is it a crystal 240 00:15:15.240 --> 00:15:16.960 ball or Wiji board. I mean, how do you how 241 00:15:17.000 --> 00:15:18.559 do you figure out what you should go after? 242 00:15:19.120 --> 00:15:24.000 Well, definitely the Wigi board of course, much more reliable 243 00:15:24.039 --> 00:15:24.759 than the crystal ball. 244 00:15:27.720 --> 00:15:29.440 So the. 245 00:15:31.039 --> 00:15:35.279 Yeah, I mean, I don't really like risk for risk 246 00:15:35.399 --> 00:15:40.519 sake or anything. It's and I do think that all 247 00:15:40.600 --> 00:15:44.159 the things are are very risky with a low chance 248 00:15:44.200 --> 00:15:47.519 of success. But if you want to try to come 249 00:15:47.600 --> 00:15:50.840 up with an intovertive breakthrough, that's kind of that's going 250 00:15:50.919 --> 00:15:56.639 to be how it is. Anything which is significantly innovative 251 00:15:56.799 --> 00:15:58.799 is going to come with a significant risk of failure. 252 00:16:00.600 --> 00:16:03.120 And but you know, if you've you've got to take 253 00:16:03.200 --> 00:16:05.799 big chances in order for the potential for a big 254 00:16:06.399 --> 00:16:12.600 positive outcome. And you know, just if and if if, 255 00:16:12.639 --> 00:16:16.039 I mean if if the outcome is exciting enough, then 256 00:16:16.120 --> 00:16:16.759 then taking a. 257 00:16:16.679 --> 00:16:21.159 Big risk is worthwhile. It's really our approach it. 258 00:16:21.159 --> 00:16:23.960 But w but then once executing down a path, I 259 00:16:23.960 --> 00:16:27.919 actually do my absolute best to reduce uh risk, you know, 260 00:16:28.159 --> 00:16:30.720 cause or or to improve the p another way of saying, 261 00:16:30.840 --> 00:16:34.080 to improve the pobality of success, because uh, wh when 262 00:16:34.120 --> 00:16:38.799 you try to do something that is very very risky, 263 00:16:38.960 --> 00:16:41.759 uh y that you you you you have to spend 264 00:16:41.759 --> 00:16:44.759 a lot of effort trying to reduce that risk as 265 00:16:44.799 --> 00:16:48.879 you emblock down that path. I mean when wa when 266 00:16:48.919 --> 00:16:51.519 it starts SpaceX, the I thought the odds of success 267 00:16:51.519 --> 00:16:55.679 were very low. I thought we'd most likely fail, but 268 00:16:55.759 --> 00:16:59.039 I thought, well, we should give it a try. Nonetheless, 269 00:17:01.120 --> 00:17:04.400 And and then I'm not sure if you know what 270 00:17:04.400 --> 00:17:08.640 what what preceded SpaceX because the why I got into 271 00:17:08.680 --> 00:17:09.480 the space. 272 00:17:11.240 --> 00:17:14.200 I remember, you're trying to purchase a vehicle too, from 273 00:17:14.240 --> 00:17:15.920 our Russian cor That's what I'm talking about. 274 00:17:16.839 --> 00:17:18.480 Well, actually it was. 275 00:17:19.880 --> 00:17:23.279 The reason I got into space was to try to 276 00:17:23.359 --> 00:17:36.160 increase NASA's budget. The and but so I'll tell you so. 277 00:17:36.240 --> 00:17:39.279 The roundabout way I thought that might be accomplished was 278 00:17:40.440 --> 00:17:43.480 I thought, well, if if NASA's budget was more, was larger, 279 00:17:43.480 --> 00:17:47.680 than we could do more in space exploration. And I thought, well, 280 00:17:47.759 --> 00:17:51.240 what particularly if we could get the public excited about 281 00:17:51.240 --> 00:17:52.720 sending people to Mars. 282 00:17:53.240 --> 00:17:54.839 And I thought, well, if I could. 283 00:17:54.680 --> 00:17:57.880 Do a small greenhouse and send that to the surface 284 00:17:57.920 --> 00:18:01.720 of Mars with seasons, nutrient jail, and you hydrate the 285 00:18:01.759 --> 00:18:04.319 gael and landing you have a little miniature greenhouse and 286 00:18:04.359 --> 00:18:07.279 then you'd have The public tends to get excited about 287 00:18:07.319 --> 00:18:11.079 precedents and superlatives. So we like the you know, sort 288 00:18:11.119 --> 00:18:13.599 of first life on Mars, the furthest lifes ever traveled, 289 00:18:13.720 --> 00:18:15.599 and you get people sort of excited about, well, but 290 00:18:15.640 --> 00:18:18.599 where we send people there, like the health of plants, 291 00:18:18.599 --> 00:18:19.160 we should. 292 00:18:18.920 --> 00:18:19.680 Send people, you know. 293 00:18:20.880 --> 00:18:24.920 And and then I thought, well that could If that 294 00:18:24.960 --> 00:18:28.000 could get the public really excited about sending Keill to Mars, 295 00:18:28.000 --> 00:18:30.640 then that would translate into congressional support for a bigger 296 00:18:30.720 --> 00:18:31.400 NASSA budget. 297 00:18:31.559 --> 00:18:32.200 That was the goal. 298 00:18:33.160 --> 00:18:36.880 And then I didn't have enough money to buy and 299 00:18:37.039 --> 00:18:38.680 I thought that that outcome would have a har per 300 00:18:38.720 --> 00:18:41.039 cent chance of no commercial success. 301 00:18:42.519 --> 00:18:44.720 So the harp cent chance of losing all the money. 302 00:18:44.759 --> 00:18:48.480 So so compared to that SpaceX, which I thought maybe 303 00:18:48.519 --> 00:18:51.200 had a ten percent chances of success, that was an improvement. 304 00:18:55.720 --> 00:18:57.720 There. You go, well, that makes that makes good sense. 305 00:18:58.079 --> 00:19:00.440 So are you still thinking about that? Do you remember 306 00:19:00.440 --> 00:19:03.480 that conversation? This was the idea where you used Martian regulars. 307 00:19:03.519 --> 00:19:10.200 You send these self contained habitats, if not habitats, and grow. 308 00:19:10.799 --> 00:19:12.359 Like commuter across or something like that. 309 00:19:12.680 --> 00:19:15.079 But just to prove the concept, yeah, just to get 310 00:19:15.079 --> 00:19:17.200 it I mean, the real goal was to get the 311 00:19:17.240 --> 00:19:18.160 public excited. 312 00:19:19.000 --> 00:19:21.279 You get some engineering data about what does it take 313 00:19:21.359 --> 00:19:23.799 to maintain a little habitat on Mars type of thing, 314 00:19:24.720 --> 00:19:26.440 but the main thing would be to get the public 315 00:19:26.480 --> 00:19:30.319 excited and you know, get people to be you know, 316 00:19:30.480 --> 00:19:31.839 the public to be in the paper of a pig 317 00:19:31.839 --> 00:19:32.519 and ass a budget. 318 00:19:33.079 --> 00:19:33.680 It's the goal. 319 00:19:34.119 --> 00:19:36.200 And well, again, God bless you, it's a worthy goal. 320 00:19:36.240 --> 00:19:37.359 I hope you never saw. 321 00:19:39.119 --> 00:19:39.240 So. 322 00:19:40.240 --> 00:19:42.839 Commercial crew. So you've been selected as one of the 323 00:19:42.839 --> 00:19:45.240 providers for the commercial crew. Can you tell us a 324 00:19:45.279 --> 00:19:48.799 little bit about where that's headed for you as a company, 325 00:19:48.799 --> 00:19:51.759 and perhaps maybe how it's affected your company, if it has, 326 00:19:51.880 --> 00:19:54.680 if it's changed the thing, and how you approach space. 327 00:19:57.920 --> 00:20:00.599 Things seem to be going fairly well on the commercial 328 00:20:00.599 --> 00:20:06.480 crew front, I mean the I mean overall. I mean, 329 00:20:07.279 --> 00:20:09.559 I mean that there are small disagreements here and there, 330 00:20:09.640 --> 00:20:12.079 but overall, I like, I think we very much agree 331 00:20:12.119 --> 00:20:17.480 with the way it's being done. And yeah, I think 332 00:20:17.519 --> 00:20:19.440 it's it's it's pretty pretty good. I mean, there are 333 00:20:19.440 --> 00:20:23.200 a few things where the like it seems like the 334 00:20:23.200 --> 00:20:27.359 amount of of sort of massive volume reserved for poop 335 00:20:27.559 --> 00:20:34.599 is too high. Like sorry, but that's you know, there's 336 00:20:34.640 --> 00:20:36.799 like little things like that, We're like, well, are they 337 00:20:36.880 --> 00:20:41.920 really going to do that much group? But it's it's 338 00:20:41.960 --> 00:20:46.680 quite it's quite large volume, but really it's so but 339 00:20:46.839 --> 00:20:49.920 I could really they're pretty small disagreements. So I think 340 00:20:49.960 --> 00:20:54.880 that it seems to be pretty pretty sensible. And and 341 00:20:54.920 --> 00:20:58.000 then we did the orange board test earlier this year, 342 00:20:58.039 --> 00:21:05.200 which at the Cave, which actually went pretty well. And yeah, 343 00:21:05.240 --> 00:21:11.119 so things that are going along getting pretty exciting. And yeah, 344 00:21:11.119 --> 00:21:14.119 I think there's also some potential use for dragging too 345 00:21:14.480 --> 00:21:19.720 as a science delivery platform, you know, going to sort 346 00:21:19.720 --> 00:21:21.720 of delivering payloads to. 347 00:21:22.079 --> 00:21:23.319 Mars or other places. 348 00:21:24.240 --> 00:21:27.079 We're in discussion with other parts of NASSA about some 349 00:21:27.200 --> 00:21:31.359 of those ideas because the propulsive landing, you know, it 350 00:21:31.400 --> 00:21:34.240 could really lower the cost of getting science instruments to 351 00:21:34.400 --> 00:21:36.480 various places in the Solar System. 352 00:21:37.359 --> 00:21:38.200 So that's kind of exciting. 353 00:21:38.359 --> 00:21:40.079 So I'm gonna come back to that in just a second. 354 00:21:40.200 --> 00:21:45.200 But commercial the crew vehicle versus the Dragon cargo vehicle, 355 00:21:45.960 --> 00:21:51.359 clearly there are some significant differences. Fairly innovative approach, I 356 00:21:51.440 --> 00:21:56.119 think to aboart testing, which traditionally you've seen the jess 357 00:21:56.160 --> 00:21:59.400 and rocket on top that that's a pullar versus the 358 00:21:59.480 --> 00:22:03.240 pusher technique where you utilize fuel that you otherwise would 359 00:22:03.359 --> 00:22:05.079 use for the right on orbit, but of course you're 360 00:22:05.079 --> 00:22:07.960 not going there, so very innovative approach. Are there other 361 00:22:08.039 --> 00:22:13.720 areas where you feel like you're from an innovation standpoint, 362 00:22:13.799 --> 00:22:16.839 you're making some significant strides with the crew vehicle? 363 00:22:18.799 --> 00:22:23.119 Yeah, I think the the the big items for well, 364 00:22:23.119 --> 00:22:27.039 the the biggest item really for Dragon two is the 365 00:22:27.119 --> 00:22:32.200 ability to do a propulsive landing. And it's basically h 366 00:22:32.400 --> 00:22:35.880 having heavy thrusters on board. So those same heavy thrusters 367 00:22:37.039 --> 00:22:40.160 can then do the abort but retain the the engines. 368 00:22:40.599 --> 00:22:44.160 So instead of in a normal sort of crude mission 369 00:22:44.279 --> 00:22:46.319 like sake to take the Sowyers for example, that have 370 00:22:47.000 --> 00:22:50.680 a uh a tractor motor on the nose of the 371 00:22:50.759 --> 00:22:53.920 vehicle that would have to be or basically a rocketential 372 00:22:53.920 --> 00:22:55.319 on the nose that would have to be discarded on 373 00:22:55.400 --> 00:22:59.559 every flight, which is a potential reliability issue. And it 374 00:23:00.240 --> 00:23:03.400 and then you have obviously unable to reuse the the 375 00:23:03.599 --> 00:23:09.039 the the abort system, and yeah, and it adds it 376 00:23:09.160 --> 00:23:12.839 adds a bunch of bunch of mass. But but then 377 00:23:12.880 --> 00:23:16.640 in addition, those same thrusters can be used for propulsive landing, 378 00:23:16.960 --> 00:23:21.839 so you can achieve a precise propulsive landing which on 379 00:23:22.079 --> 00:23:27.039 on land or water, which is I think a significant improvement. 380 00:23:29.240 --> 00:23:31.440 And I mean it's sort of also it's sort of 381 00:23:31.559 --> 00:23:34.079 like really, I think feels feels more like the future 382 00:23:34.200 --> 00:23:37.359 to to have that that capability. And then as I 383 00:23:37.440 --> 00:23:41.599 mentioned it for it can be extended to uh do 384 00:23:41.759 --> 00:23:46.000 paler delivery to the Moon or Mars or other places. 385 00:23:46.559 --> 00:23:51.200 Because of the the generalized capability of propulsive landing to 386 00:23:51.480 --> 00:23:54.960 to land land almost anywhere very good. 387 00:23:55.759 --> 00:23:58.119 So, uh, let's go back to Dragon. At one point 388 00:23:58.240 --> 00:24:00.200 you had a conversation talked a little bit bit. It's 389 00:24:00.240 --> 00:24:02.720 something I think was Virtus Dragon Lab where you go 390 00:24:02.759 --> 00:24:06.680 to lowerth orbit and do what I assumed was sort 391 00:24:06.720 --> 00:24:09.400 of kind of research and then bring the vehicle back. 392 00:24:09.759 --> 00:24:12.319 Are you still pursuing that or something like that. Is 393 00:24:12.359 --> 00:24:14.880 this an area where you think that there is a potential. 394 00:24:16.240 --> 00:24:19.519 I think that there is some potential for to essentially 395 00:24:19.599 --> 00:24:22.319 just take things to loath orbit and then bring them 396 00:24:22.599 --> 00:24:24.559 bring them back, you know, after a few weeks or 397 00:24:24.559 --> 00:24:29.240 something like that. It's it's not a huge area of 398 00:24:29.319 --> 00:24:31.640 attention that's at space X, but I think we might 399 00:24:31.759 --> 00:24:37.039 do a few missions like that, But yeah, I mean 400 00:24:37.119 --> 00:24:41.519 Dragon is is very much sort of its primary optimize 401 00:24:41.640 --> 00:24:44.880 optimization is as a transport vehicle to and from the 402 00:24:44.920 --> 00:24:49.359 space station and uh and so things like Dragon Lab 403 00:24:49.599 --> 00:24:51.839 and then the science delivery platform I think are interesting 404 00:24:52.119 --> 00:24:55.559 extensions of that. And I think as as Dragon to 405 00:24:57.640 --> 00:24:59.680 first flies and then gets into regular flight, I think 406 00:24:59.680 --> 00:25:02.920 they'll probably will be some more applications that that people 407 00:25:03.000 --> 00:25:07.000 can think of, particularly since with Dragon I the reusability 408 00:25:07.599 --> 00:25:09.039 of the vehicle should be quite high. 409 00:25:09.079 --> 00:25:09.559 So if we have. 410 00:25:09.599 --> 00:25:14.400 Reusability of the Dragon spacecraft and reusability of the booster 411 00:25:15.599 --> 00:25:20.079 and somebody is willing to sort of do a bunch 412 00:25:20.079 --> 00:25:24.640 of flights with with the fully reused system, there's the 413 00:25:24.680 --> 00:25:30.680 potential for much lower cost access to space. There is 414 00:25:30.720 --> 00:25:32.400 a bit of a chicken and egg challenge because, like 415 00:25:32.519 --> 00:25:34.680 the there's a certain amount of fixed costs that. 416 00:25:34.759 --> 00:25:35.119 Have to be. 417 00:25:36.640 --> 00:25:41.039 Carried no matter what, So the the module costs of 418 00:25:41.160 --> 00:25:44.559 launch or the cost of each subsequent launch can drop 419 00:25:44.680 --> 00:25:47.440 quite significantly. So long as the launch rate per year 420 00:25:47.799 --> 00:25:49.359 is high, it stays up. 421 00:25:49.599 --> 00:25:53.640 Yeah, of course I'd add some other challenges to the system. Yeah, 422 00:25:53.839 --> 00:25:56.000 trying to fly as often as you as you. 423 00:25:56.039 --> 00:25:56.759 Need to make that. 424 00:25:57.200 --> 00:26:00.440 Yeah, well, let's see. I don't want to bore everybody 425 00:26:00.519 --> 00:26:03.960 with all my questions. And we talked about if folks 426 00:26:04.000 --> 00:26:06.680 had any questions in the audience, let's see this. Oh, 427 00:26:06.799 --> 00:26:09.079 well they're not bashful. That's good. So I don't know 428 00:26:09.079 --> 00:26:12.400 if we're gonna need microphones. But but I'll start here. 429 00:26:19.000 --> 00:26:20.359 I would like to ask question. 430 00:26:24.599 --> 00:26:25.160 My question. 431 00:26:28.200 --> 00:26:32.720 Because you are like a kind of mentor and visionary, 432 00:26:33.559 --> 00:26:35.799 and you give hope to a lot of people around 433 00:26:35.839 --> 00:26:40.000 the globe because when they see you, they realize that 434 00:26:40.160 --> 00:26:43.759 they can realize their dreams. But my question is different 435 00:26:44.079 --> 00:26:49.759 when you are a dreamer, when you are when you 436 00:26:49.839 --> 00:26:53.200 are a dreamer, when you are a visionary. Of course 437 00:26:53.240 --> 00:26:56.839 you have your vision, but there are moments that sometimes 438 00:26:58.200 --> 00:27:01.519 maybe you stop believing in this vision, especially in the 439 00:27:01.640 --> 00:27:07.559 moments of some problems or failure. So could you tell me, 440 00:27:07.759 --> 00:27:10.440 and could you tell also to thousands of people who 441 00:27:10.880 --> 00:27:14.440 maybe will be motivated by your answer? What keeps you 442 00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:18.759 fighting for your vision? What helps you to reach your gym? 443 00:27:24.640 --> 00:27:27.599 Well, I mean, I think I'm kind of constitutionally just 444 00:27:28.400 --> 00:27:30.160 heared to just keep going. 445 00:27:30.440 --> 00:27:36.480 I don't know, it's a yeah, I mean, it just 446 00:27:37.039 --> 00:27:39.160 I I don't know. 447 00:27:39.400 --> 00:27:43.519 I mean it, certainly there are times when things don't 448 00:27:43.559 --> 00:27:48.759 go well and then that's quite desperating, for sure, and 449 00:27:48.920 --> 00:27:51.200 so then it's it's difficult to proceed with the same 450 00:27:51.319 --> 00:27:57.079 level of enthusiasm. But but I do think, like I 451 00:27:57.119 --> 00:27:59.640 do think the things that we're doing are you know, 452 00:28:00.079 --> 00:28:04.960 pretty important to the future. And if we don't succeed, 453 00:28:05.119 --> 00:28:10.079 then you know, there's well it's not clear what other 454 00:28:10.160 --> 00:28:13.759 things would succeed. And if we don't succeed, then we 455 00:28:13.759 --> 00:28:16.200 will be certainly pointed to as a reason why people 456 00:28:16.240 --> 00:28:20.519 shouldn't even try for these things. So I think it's 457 00:28:20.559 --> 00:28:23.400 important that we do whatever's necessary to keep going. 458 00:28:24.559 --> 00:28:27.440 Okay, And last question, last question. 459 00:28:27.480 --> 00:28:29.720 You know, so in two thousand and four, when you 460 00:28:29.799 --> 00:28:33.559 are going to burn you men with your cousin, you 461 00:28:33.680 --> 00:28:37.359 were thinking there is a sum and let's make energy 462 00:28:37.400 --> 00:28:39.799 out of it. And I would like to ask you 463 00:28:41.279 --> 00:28:45.720 why do you believe so in solar energy and clean 464 00:28:45.799 --> 00:28:49.960 tech energies and also in sustainable energy. And the last 465 00:28:50.039 --> 00:28:52.680 question I will not ask any more questions. What will 466 00:28:52.720 --> 00:28:55.160 be the role of solar in the exploration of Mars. 467 00:28:57.079 --> 00:29:01.119 Sure, I think the solar energy is probably fairly significant 468 00:29:01.559 --> 00:29:06.359 for Mars, and what's gonna be quite important is having 469 00:29:07.640 --> 00:29:13.680 a very lightweight solar system that you know both well 470 00:29:13.680 --> 00:29:18.880 eumetrically and graphometrically dance. So actually you were sort of 471 00:29:19.359 --> 00:29:23.079 playing with the different concepts, like you know that like thing, 472 00:29:23.160 --> 00:29:25.559 that party thing where you've inflated and it rolls out. 473 00:29:26.319 --> 00:29:30.640 But the thing, like what one of the solar concepts 474 00:29:30.759 --> 00:29:33.319 is is to have like a big role that you 475 00:29:33.519 --> 00:29:37.680 just basically inflate and it rolls out with with with 476 00:29:37.880 --> 00:29:43.519 like really thin solar panels on it. But but it's 477 00:29:43.599 --> 00:29:45.480 it's gonna be pretty important because really you either got 478 00:29:45.599 --> 00:29:51.240 to do that or nuclear, and you know nuclear has 479 00:29:51.359 --> 00:29:55.599 has its challenges, but but for solar, it's it's pretty straightforward. 480 00:29:56.680 --> 00:29:58.880 So I think I think solo is very important to 481 00:29:59.079 --> 00:30:00.720 the future exploration Mars for sure. 482 00:30:01.279 --> 00:30:03.599 So thank you, and I wish you that your next 483 00:30:03.640 --> 00:30:05.440 birthday is very successful. 484 00:30:07.640 --> 00:30:11.680 Okay, let's go, let's go. Okay, go ahead, BELTI. 485 00:30:12.359 --> 00:30:13.240 My name is Valentina. 486 00:30:13.279 --> 00:30:17.720 Nowref I'm from the United Rocket and Space Corparation, which 487 00:30:18.359 --> 00:30:23.240 shortly will become a part of State Coparation Ross COSTMOS. 488 00:30:24.279 --> 00:30:27.799 So I made this one question to the West because 489 00:30:27.839 --> 00:30:30.640 I'd like to ask one question of you n Mask 490 00:30:31.160 --> 00:30:34.960 what is his secret to become a successful businessman in 491 00:30:35.119 --> 00:30:39.319 the space industry, and then coming back to Russia to 492 00:30:39.400 --> 00:30:41.279 tell Russian businessman there. 493 00:30:41.319 --> 00:30:44.240 Is a way to become a taikoon and space industry. 494 00:30:46.759 --> 00:30:52.880 So seriously speaking, I'd like to ask you when you 495 00:30:52.960 --> 00:30:56.160 started your business, was the government your partner? Was it 496 00:30:56.359 --> 00:31:01.079 useful in what areas? And so there are always two 497 00:31:01.119 --> 00:31:05.880 sides on is it going? Sure as they there were 498 00:31:06.039 --> 00:31:11.240 times when you had to fight to bureaucracy, thank you sure? 499 00:31:11.759 --> 00:31:18.000 Well, well, I should say with respect to starting a 500 00:31:18.079 --> 00:31:21.880 space business, it's definitely not the easiest environment to start 501 00:31:21.920 --> 00:31:25.200 a business. And I think if most people were to 502 00:31:25.279 --> 00:31:29.640 rank order what's the highest retinent investment, I mean, space 503 00:31:29.680 --> 00:31:34.279 would not be very good. I mean it's I'm very 504 00:31:34.359 --> 00:31:36.559 pro space, so it's like I you know, but it's 505 00:31:38.319 --> 00:31:41.000 I mean, that's just true that like if you you know, 506 00:31:41.160 --> 00:31:44.880 start a hedge fund, or if you're like many other industries, 507 00:31:45.920 --> 00:31:48.599 then it's much easier to make money than the space industry. 508 00:31:48.640 --> 00:31:50.839 This is not the easiest one to make money. And 509 00:31:52.920 --> 00:32:06.680 it's yeah, car industry also quite difficult. So so the 510 00:32:07.480 --> 00:32:11.200 ifact I mean when starting SpaceX, the the joke I 511 00:32:11.279 --> 00:32:14.279 heard the jokes this joke so often it was ridiculous. 512 00:32:15.640 --> 00:32:17.400 The joke was how do you make a small portion 513 00:32:17.559 --> 00:32:20.200 in the space industry, and the punch line, of course 514 00:32:20.240 --> 00:32:30.240 being started with a large one. Yeah, And I got 515 00:32:30.240 --> 00:32:32.119 to a point I heard the joke so many times 516 00:32:32.200 --> 00:32:34.200 that I would just get to the punchline and say like, well, 517 00:32:34.200 --> 00:32:35.880 I wanted to figure out how to turn a large fortune, 518 00:32:35.960 --> 00:32:36.359 just more one. 519 00:32:36.480 --> 00:32:38.799 That was my goal, And they're like, wow, how did 520 00:32:38.839 --> 00:32:39.200 you know that? 521 00:32:42.480 --> 00:32:46.119 So yeah, I mean I do think there's that there 522 00:32:46.200 --> 00:32:48.519 is an opportunity in space, but but it is, it's 523 00:32:48.640 --> 00:32:52.960 it's it's it's tough going. I think if but I 524 00:32:53.039 --> 00:32:56.480 think if if, if SpaceX and other companies can can 525 00:32:57.079 --> 00:33:00.839 lower the cost of transport to orbits and perhaps beyond, 526 00:33:02.079 --> 00:33:05.559 then there's a lot of potential for entrepreneurship at the destination. 527 00:33:06.119 --> 00:33:08.200 I mean you can think of it like the like 528 00:33:08.279 --> 00:33:11.640 the Union Pacific Railway. You know, before there was the 529 00:33:11.720 --> 00:33:15.400 Univercific railway, it was real hard to have commerce between 530 00:33:15.519 --> 00:33:19.200 the West coast and the East coast by wagon or 531 00:33:19.279 --> 00:33:23.480 a really long sailing journey. But once there was the transport, 532 00:33:23.680 --> 00:33:26.240 then there were huge opportunities. And now look at sort 533 00:33:26.240 --> 00:33:29.720 of you know, the California and Washington State and all 534 00:33:29.799 --> 00:33:33.119 the industries that have been created in Silicon Valley and Hollywood. 535 00:33:34.759 --> 00:33:38.319 But you've got to have that fundamental transport element otherwise 536 00:33:38.599 --> 00:33:42.480 there's just it's really tricky. So we're trying to establish 537 00:33:42.599 --> 00:33:46.519 that transport element, make it easier to get to lowerth 538 00:33:46.640 --> 00:33:49.839 orbit and hopefully in the future, make it easier to 539 00:33:49.880 --> 00:33:52.920 get to the Moon or Mars. And I'm an idea 540 00:33:52.960 --> 00:33:55.799 of this long term vasion of like if there was 541 00:33:56.440 --> 00:33:59.240 affordable transport to a place like Mars, I think the 542 00:33:59.440 --> 00:34:02.680 entrepreneurial opportunities would be phenomenal, you know, because there'd be 543 00:34:03.000 --> 00:34:06.240 people that would want to create everything from the first 544 00:34:06.400 --> 00:34:09.360 pizza joint to the first iron ore factory. To be 545 00:34:09.519 --> 00:34:12.599 like just an enormous amount of opportunity for people to 546 00:34:12.679 --> 00:34:16.000 create things on Mars. And that'd be different things on Mars. 547 00:34:16.079 --> 00:34:17.400 Some of the things on Mars will be different they 548 00:34:17.400 --> 00:34:20.920 wouldn't even imagine on Earth. It would be very exciting. 549 00:34:22.480 --> 00:34:26.719 So I think that's that's really key to making things 550 00:34:27.199 --> 00:34:30.599 happen in space is you've got to have someplace. You've 551 00:34:30.599 --> 00:34:32.239 gotta have some place to go in some place in 552 00:34:32.320 --> 00:34:33.119 some way to get there. 553 00:34:34.800 --> 00:34:39.280 So so along those lines, did you read Andy Weare's 554 00:34:39.280 --> 00:34:40.519 book The Marshal? 555 00:34:40.880 --> 00:34:41.679 Yeah? Yeah, it was good. 556 00:34:41.840 --> 00:34:43.639 What did you think I thought it was. 557 00:34:43.719 --> 00:34:45.440 It was pretty excellent, certainly one of the more most 558 00:34:45.480 --> 00:34:49.280 realistic books on Mars that that I've read. I mean, like, 559 00:34:49.320 --> 00:34:51.119 there were a few things, like the wind force on 560 00:34:51.199 --> 00:34:56.079 Mars is not really that high. It's not going to 561 00:34:56.119 --> 00:35:00.519 knock you over or anything. It's high obviously high velocity, 562 00:35:00.599 --> 00:35:04.079 but low force. But overall I thought it was pretty cool. 563 00:35:04.079 --> 00:35:06.320 And apparently it's been made into a movie and everything. 564 00:35:06.599 --> 00:35:09.320 So you don't have a cameo on that one too. 565 00:35:09.440 --> 00:35:11.559 I don't have a cameo on that one. I'm a 566 00:35:11.599 --> 00:35:13.519 little worried that it might not make people too keen 567 00:35:13.599 --> 00:35:20.039 on going to Mars like this, this looks really hard. 568 00:35:23.039 --> 00:35:24.679 I think we need to show about how Mas is 569 00:35:24.719 --> 00:35:26.519 awesome and it's like the wild West and you got 570 00:35:26.519 --> 00:35:29.039 the gunslingers and like the cool cowboys. 571 00:35:28.599 --> 00:35:29.280 And that kind of thing. 572 00:35:31.159 --> 00:35:32.679 All right, maybe you got to write a book too. 573 00:35:32.840 --> 00:35:34.199 Let's either's a question over here. 574 00:35:36.239 --> 00:35:38.920 Hi there, my name is Anita Goel. I'm here at 575 00:35:39.599 --> 00:35:41.719 out of Harvard and MIT. You run a company called 576 00:35:41.800 --> 00:35:47.039 Nanobiosim so in your vision and dream to achieve low 577 00:35:47.159 --> 00:35:51.079 cost space travel. How do you allocate your investments between 578 00:35:51.559 --> 00:35:56.599 engineering and essentially driving down the cost of existing technology 579 00:35:56.760 --> 00:36:02.039 versus investing in new breakthrough physics things like breakthrough propulsion 580 00:36:02.079 --> 00:36:05.840 physics anti gravity. What's your vision in the bifurcation of 581 00:36:05.920 --> 00:36:07.760 those two kinds of portfolios. 582 00:36:09.000 --> 00:36:11.159 Well, we don't spend a ton of time on new physics. 583 00:36:12.679 --> 00:36:16.239 I mean the I I think with g with current physics, 584 00:36:17.159 --> 00:36:22.559 this this huge potential. So rather than rely on a breakthrough, 585 00:36:23.159 --> 00:36:26.000 which we you know, really it's difficult to envision what 586 00:36:26.119 --> 00:36:31.559 that breakthrough would exactly be, or even I and exactly 587 00:36:31.679 --> 00:36:37.280 be the w I I'm quite confident that with what 588 00:36:37.440 --> 00:36:40.119 we know of current physics, sort of just going with 589 00:36:40.280 --> 00:36:42.079 the kind of you know, where the standard model of 590 00:36:42.079 --> 00:36:45.800 physics is today, that there are dramatic improvements possible. 591 00:36:45.639 --> 00:36:46.880 In space light. 592 00:36:48.559 --> 00:36:52.280 And I think with the you know, simply with with Falcon, iine, 593 00:36:52.280 --> 00:36:55.119 I think we make improvements. And then with our next 594 00:36:55.199 --> 00:36:58.320 generation rocket system, which is still you know, many years away, 595 00:36:59.079 --> 00:37:05.039 that'll be a a deep cryo METHALOCKX system, I think 596 00:37:05.400 --> 00:37:09.400 I think we can achieve full reusability and that that's 597 00:37:09.480 --> 00:37:13.920 really that's a that's a huge potential for w you 598 00:37:14.000 --> 00:37:16.960 know it, like maybe a two order of magnitude reduction 599 00:37:17.519 --> 00:37:22.840 in the cost of spaceline. So as far as R 600 00:37:22.880 --> 00:37:26.239 and D is concerned, like we we we we we 601 00:37:26.440 --> 00:37:29.800 we hire great engineers as fast as we can find them. 602 00:37:31.199 --> 00:37:33.840 So it's like the it's not that easy to find, 603 00:37:34.280 --> 00:37:36.000 but I should say great issue is with the sort 604 00:37:36.000 --> 00:37:37.719 of like the right mindset and everything. 605 00:37:39.920 --> 00:37:41.000 We we hire at the at. 606 00:37:40.960 --> 00:37:43.599 The maximum rate that we can find people that we 607 00:37:43.679 --> 00:37:46.239 think would would really be an asset to the team. 608 00:37:47.000 --> 00:37:51.280 So there's no limitation on the Okay, we're here. Hi. 609 00:37:51.360 --> 00:37:54.039 My name is Zachary Maltson, a student from uh Babson College. 610 00:37:54.119 --> 00:37:55.480 I just wanna say it's an honor to be here. 611 00:37:56.199 --> 00:37:58.880 I read Ashley Nancy's biography about you. One thing that 612 00:37:58.960 --> 00:38:01.840 really was intriguing to me was the super Draco engine 613 00:38:01.880 --> 00:38:04.199 for the Dragon V two that was used to printed 614 00:38:04.239 --> 00:38:06.960 out of three D technology to the vision using that 615 00:38:07.079 --> 00:38:09.920 technology more in the future and when you first splace 616 00:38:09.960 --> 00:38:13.039 exploration and do you think they'll how about affect the 617 00:38:13.079 --> 00:38:15.840 costs in terms of getting to Mars everything like that. 618 00:38:17.039 --> 00:38:17.239 Yeah. 619 00:38:17.320 --> 00:38:20.559 Absolutely, So, as you lud to, we we we actually 620 00:38:20.639 --> 00:38:24.840 print the super Draco engines so that they're printed out 621 00:38:24.880 --> 00:38:29.800 of titanum in a canal, and and that actually allows 622 00:38:29.880 --> 00:38:35.280 us to reduce the cost of those engines quite a bit, 623 00:38:35.840 --> 00:38:40.320 in particular because we can print integral cooling channels. So 624 00:38:40.440 --> 00:38:43.639 when you've got an hour glass chamber and you've got 625 00:38:43.800 --> 00:38:46.960 cooling channels in the wall of the chamber, where the 626 00:38:47.000 --> 00:38:50.519 whole wall consists of cooling channels, it's only quite difficult 627 00:38:50.599 --> 00:38:51.400 to create that. 628 00:38:52.880 --> 00:38:54.320 Thrust chamber and nozzle. 629 00:38:55.480 --> 00:38:57.559 Because you've got to create an inner jacket outer jacket 630 00:38:57.719 --> 00:39:00.840 kind of machine the inner jacket it's and then raise 631 00:39:00.880 --> 00:39:04.000 the whole thing together. It's real pain, and you've got 632 00:39:04.039 --> 00:39:06.360 a bunch of joints in there to make it all work. 633 00:39:06.880 --> 00:39:09.440 So with printing, you can print something that you can't 634 00:39:09.519 --> 00:39:11.840 make by any other means, so it actually ends up 635 00:39:11.840 --> 00:39:14.880 being lighter and cheaper than if we're built it by 636 00:39:14.920 --> 00:39:20.239 traditional methods. For our next generation engine, the which we 637 00:39:20.320 --> 00:39:22.920 call the the Raptor, which which has mentioned is sort 638 00:39:22.960 --> 00:39:26.719 of a it's it's a s it's a deep cryo methologus. 639 00:39:26.840 --> 00:39:29.360 So what I'm mean by that is the the methane 640 00:39:29.400 --> 00:39:33.400 and oxygen are cool to close to their freezing points, 641 00:39:33.440 --> 00:39:35.400 so not not far from the freezing point as opposed 642 00:39:35.400 --> 00:39:39.159 to close to their walling point, which is more which. 643 00:39:39.000 --> 00:39:39.800 Is normally the case. 644 00:39:40.559 --> 00:39:46.199 Uh the uh, you know w with that engine. Uh, 645 00:39:46.239 --> 00:39:48.559 we're trying to print as much as possible. It's it's 646 00:39:48.599 --> 00:39:51.639 a bit the The biggest limitation on free printing right 647 00:39:51.679 --> 00:39:54.840 now is the the size envelope. So there's a limit 648 00:39:54.920 --> 00:39:58.639 on how big we can print something. But we're able 649 00:39:58.719 --> 00:40:02.360 to print the the turbopump components and much of the 650 00:40:02.440 --> 00:40:05.039 injected not the whole thing, but many of the critical 651 00:40:05.119 --> 00:40:09.199 parts we can print, so that actually helps us in 652 00:40:09.280 --> 00:40:11.880 speeding up the development. So instead of waiting to pull 653 00:40:12.000 --> 00:40:16.639 castings to be developed, which can take several months, and 654 00:40:16.719 --> 00:40:18.559 then if the casting is wrong, you've got to iterate 655 00:40:18.639 --> 00:40:21.639 in the casting, and each iteration we can take several months. 656 00:40:22.719 --> 00:40:24.360 With printing, we can have. 657 00:40:24.400 --> 00:40:26.800 Those iterations can be reduced to a matter of weeks 658 00:40:26.880 --> 00:40:30.159 or months, so that that actually helps with the speed 659 00:40:30.199 --> 00:40:38.880 of developments as well. See are we here? Hi? 660 00:40:39.159 --> 00:40:41.760 I'm Ross Spungehock with a company called High Orbit. I 661 00:40:41.840 --> 00:40:43.519 wondered if you'd give it could give us a little 662 00:40:43.519 --> 00:40:45.519 bit of an update on what's going on with the 663 00:40:45.599 --> 00:40:48.360 hyper loop and is there any overlap between the worker 664 00:40:48.440 --> 00:40:50.719 doom of SpaceX and hyper loop technology. 665 00:40:52.320 --> 00:40:53.920 Yeah, SpaceX is not. 666 00:40:55.079 --> 00:40:57.159 Neither I nor SpaceX are doing anything to try to 667 00:40:57.199 --> 00:41:01.119 commercialize the hype loop. There are two, I think at 668 00:41:01.199 --> 00:41:04.039 least two, maybe more than two companies that have formed 669 00:41:04.119 --> 00:41:07.360 that are completely independent of me or SpaceX that are 670 00:41:07.480 --> 00:41:11.400 working towards commercializing the high loop technology or high bloop 671 00:41:11.440 --> 00:41:16.920 idea or design. What what SpaceX is doing is We're 672 00:41:17.440 --> 00:41:22.039 going to just create a little student competition for for 673 00:41:22.199 --> 00:41:25.440 higher loop ideas, so kind of like around the way 674 00:41:25.480 --> 00:41:30.159 that Formula SAE works, where students can come up with 675 00:41:30.199 --> 00:41:32.440 a design and compete against each other to design the 676 00:41:32.519 --> 00:41:35.360 best pod. So what what SpaceX will do is just 677 00:41:35.440 --> 00:41:41.920 construct about a mile long uh low pressure tube near 678 00:41:42.079 --> 00:41:47.360 nearly vacuum tube basically in which students can kind of 679 00:41:47.440 --> 00:41:54.639 raise their pods. So it's just basically to support get 680 00:41:54.719 --> 00:41:58.920 get students excited about engineering. That's the That's the only 681 00:41:58.960 --> 00:42:02.239 involvement of SpaceX myself with the hyperlib at this point. 682 00:42:04.480 --> 00:42:09.400 Okay, ok here, Well, I'm Paula Kastagno, mus sociologist, and 683 00:42:09.480 --> 00:42:13.280 I'm writing a book about the International Space Station. How 684 00:42:13.320 --> 00:42:16.800 would you describe the scientific value of the International Space 685 00:42:16.840 --> 00:42:20.039 Station and where would you draw the line between luxury 686 00:42:20.199 --> 00:42:22.320 and need when it comes to space exploration. 687 00:42:25.360 --> 00:42:28.519 Well, I mean for space I mean I really spend 688 00:42:29.039 --> 00:42:31.639 all of my time thinking about just how to get 689 00:42:31.719 --> 00:42:32.639 to the space station. 690 00:42:33.760 --> 00:42:35.559 To be honest, I've I. 691 00:42:37.719 --> 00:42:40.320 I actually hadn't even really seen a proper movie of 692 00:42:40.480 --> 00:42:42.239 the inside of the space station until I went to 693 00:42:42.320 --> 00:42:45.360 see the preview of the new Imax thing that's coming out. 694 00:42:45.880 --> 00:42:49.880 And it's amazing, Like when that Space Station Imax movie 695 00:42:49.920 --> 00:42:51.320 comes out, people are gonna have blown away. 696 00:42:51.360 --> 00:42:51.880 It's awesome. 697 00:42:54.360 --> 00:42:57.880 I actually brought my whole team at SpaceX to go 698 00:42:59.119 --> 00:43:03.559 see the preview of the of the IMAX movie. And 699 00:43:04.880 --> 00:43:08.840 I mean, it's a It is a very unique laboratory 700 00:43:09.599 --> 00:43:13.000 because this is the only thing that's in sort of microgravity, 701 00:43:14.320 --> 00:43:18.800 that's above the Earth's atmosphere, and you can learn a 702 00:43:18.840 --> 00:43:23.440 lot about basically human physiology, uh and do experiments that 703 00:43:23.519 --> 00:43:29.320 you can't really do an any other lab, and you know, 704 00:43:29.800 --> 00:43:31.840 and you can have to bring scientists up and they 705 00:43:31.880 --> 00:43:34.360 can actually work in this incredibly unique lab. 706 00:43:34.480 --> 00:43:37.800 So I think that there's a lot to be gained there. 707 00:43:39.679 --> 00:43:43.519 And and I think it's just you can't sort of, 708 00:43:44.519 --> 00:43:47.079 you know, ignore the coolness factor of it, Like that's 709 00:43:47.800 --> 00:43:49.039 like people think it's pretty cool. 710 00:43:49.599 --> 00:43:51.440 So I think it's pretty cool. 711 00:43:53.840 --> 00:43:57.559 And you know, the public want to have something going 712 00:43:57.599 --> 00:44:04.800 on in space that that involves people, and yeah, and 713 00:44:04.920 --> 00:44:08.440 it's it's just it's the coolest thing going on in space. 714 00:44:08.519 --> 00:44:10.519 So there's a lot of valute that. 715 00:44:12.960 --> 00:44:19.519 You know, we've tried to to sells the wrong word. 716 00:44:19.599 --> 00:44:21.800 It's the word we use, but sells really the wrong word. 717 00:44:22.119 --> 00:44:24.920 We're trying to get people to recognize that there's a 718 00:44:24.960 --> 00:44:28.480 platform in Lowers orbit and that this is important. What's 719 00:44:28.639 --> 00:44:33.239 done in Lower's orbit has benefit to those of us 720 00:44:33.320 --> 00:44:35.840 on Earth that will never actually go to space. But 721 00:44:36.679 --> 00:44:39.480 in doing that, you're trying to get their interest level, 722 00:44:39.559 --> 00:44:41.599 and part of their interest level is the cool factor 723 00:44:41.679 --> 00:44:45.159 that you talked about. And I've always kind of struggled 724 00:44:45.199 --> 00:44:50.079 with that being sort of black and white. I understand 725 00:44:50.119 --> 00:44:52.599 the purpose in my head, that's why I joined NASA, right, 726 00:44:52.760 --> 00:44:55.440 But over the years, this is one of the things 727 00:44:55.519 --> 00:44:58.840 that I've started to recognize is important. So my question 728 00:44:59.000 --> 00:45:02.440 to you is, did we I've heard a rumor that 729 00:45:02.679 --> 00:45:04.840 for the suits for commercial crew that you wanted to 730 00:45:04.920 --> 00:45:08.239 play and role in that and so is that true? 731 00:45:08.320 --> 00:45:11.800 And and is there some reason behind the design of 732 00:45:11.880 --> 00:45:13.840 the suit that you want to personally be involved in 733 00:45:14.000 --> 00:45:15.440 other than cruise safety. 734 00:45:16.719 --> 00:45:16.920 Yeah. 735 00:45:16.960 --> 00:45:20.760 I think we've actually spent a lot of effort on 736 00:45:21.559 --> 00:45:26.719 the space suit design, on the both the functionality and 737 00:45:26.800 --> 00:45:31.320 the aesthetics. But I think just just getting it's actually 738 00:45:31.360 --> 00:45:34.079 really hard because if you just sort of optimize functionality, 739 00:45:34.440 --> 00:45:36.880 it's one thing. If you optimize for aesthetics, it doesn't work, 740 00:45:39.440 --> 00:45:44.599 Like you know, there's things that they don't work. So 741 00:45:46.119 --> 00:45:49.599 the so it's like, okay, how do we make something 742 00:45:49.639 --> 00:45:54.480 that looks cool, antworks and with with with a key 743 00:45:55.960 --> 00:45:59.920 goal here of being being that you know, when people's 744 00:46:00.039 --> 00:46:03.280 see that spaceically, they want them to think, yeah, I 745 00:46:03.320 --> 00:46:04.519 want to wear that thing one day. 746 00:46:04.800 --> 00:46:10.159 Yeah, that looks awesome. So that that's that's the reason 747 00:46:10.199 --> 00:46:10.360 for it. 748 00:46:11.079 --> 00:46:13.480 Very good. Let's see, we'll do a couple more questions 749 00:46:13.559 --> 00:46:17.119 and then let's let's can we get back in the 750 00:46:17.199 --> 00:46:19.039 back here or do we have somebody else here already 751 00:46:19.079 --> 00:46:21.199 with the microphone? All right, go ahead, thank you. 752 00:46:23.760 --> 00:46:27.360 I'm Alex Pearlman. I'm with Boston Magazine and I'm writing 753 00:46:27.400 --> 00:46:30.559 for Advice today. I was hoping that you could give 754 00:46:30.599 --> 00:46:32.519 us a little bit of an update on the most 755 00:46:32.679 --> 00:46:37.039 recent news with the idea of putting satellites to provide 756 00:46:37.079 --> 00:46:40.639 Internet to developing countries and unconnected people. 757 00:46:40.920 --> 00:46:43.039 Thanks. Sure. 758 00:46:43.239 --> 00:46:47.280 So we're still at the early stages of it's sort 759 00:46:47.320 --> 00:46:53.639 of a big LEO constellation communication idea, and we're hopeful, 760 00:46:53.800 --> 00:46:56.840 hopefully going to launch get a test satellite next year 761 00:46:59.039 --> 00:47:01.920 and what I I think the long term potential of 762 00:47:02.000 --> 00:47:04.360 it is pretty pretty great. But I don't want to 763 00:47:05.840 --> 00:47:10.280 overplay or overstate, you know, things quite you know this, 764 00:47:10.880 --> 00:47:12.679 you know, or any stage of the game really. But 765 00:47:13.440 --> 00:47:17.480 the long term goal is to create a comprehensive global 766 00:47:17.719 --> 00:47:24.239 communication system that's that provides high bandwidth, low latency connectivity 767 00:47:24.239 --> 00:47:28.519 anywhere in the world and provides cross links through the 768 00:47:28.599 --> 00:47:33.760 satellites so that you can have improved long distance Internet. 769 00:47:35.079 --> 00:47:35.840 It's one of the things that. 770 00:47:36.960 --> 00:47:38.960 Sort of your lize when you look at this is 771 00:47:39.800 --> 00:47:45.719 that you can actually have a more direct path through 772 00:47:45.800 --> 00:47:49.599 space and you can and photons move faster. I mean, 773 00:47:49.800 --> 00:47:54.000 depending upon what fiber optic material they're running through, photons 774 00:47:54.000 --> 00:47:59.320 actually move about forty to fifty percent faster in vacuum 775 00:47:59.360 --> 00:48:04.519 than they do in fiber optic cables. And if you 776 00:48:04.559 --> 00:48:06.559 look at the way that the fiber optic cables go, 777 00:48:07.440 --> 00:48:10.079 they trace the outlines of the continents and they go 778 00:48:10.239 --> 00:48:13.320 through many repeaters and routers and everything. So if you 779 00:48:13.400 --> 00:48:16.559 want to say, communicate from a server in California to 780 00:48:16.639 --> 00:48:19.960 one in South Africa, it's a very very long route 781 00:48:20.280 --> 00:48:24.960 and sort of very roundabout path, and it's a high latency, 782 00:48:25.559 --> 00:48:29.559 low photonic speed, and you could actually have that communication 783 00:48:29.719 --> 00:48:34.440 be quite a bit faster if it's in space. So 784 00:48:34.519 --> 00:48:36.719 I think there's there's the potential for for doing a 785 00:48:36.760 --> 00:48:39.679 fair bit of long distance UH Internet activity as well 786 00:48:39.719 --> 00:48:40.760 as providing. 787 00:48:42.119 --> 00:48:42.920 Bandwidth broadly. 788 00:48:44.880 --> 00:48:47.000 But it's also worth saying that a lot of companies 789 00:48:47.119 --> 00:48:50.559 have UH tried this and kind of broken their pick 790 00:48:50.639 --> 00:48:54.760 on it, and I think we want to be really 791 00:48:54.800 --> 00:48:59.039 careful about how we delivered, about trying to make this 792 00:48:59.679 --> 00:49:04.480 thing work and not not overextend ourselves. So we're being 793 00:49:04.559 --> 00:49:06.599 s We're being, you know, fairly careful about it. But 794 00:49:06.760 --> 00:49:09.760 I I do think this is something that should be 795 00:49:09.800 --> 00:49:18.039 built and would be quite good to have. Well in 796 00:49:18.320 --> 00:49:22.360 our case, the the communications technology would be substantially more 797 00:49:22.400 --> 00:49:29.079 advanced in the past with say attemps like teledesic. The 798 00:49:29.320 --> 00:49:34.599 the the electronics of the day were very low bandwidth, 799 00:49:34.599 --> 00:49:39.079 I mean really analog or barely digital, and they weren't 800 00:49:39.239 --> 00:49:43.000 very high bandwidth. So she said it really didn't compete 801 00:49:43.039 --> 00:49:46.800 with stage with terrestrial phones. In the case of telogies, 802 00:49:46.880 --> 00:49:49.519 they were looking to compete with or or to address 803 00:49:49.719 --> 00:49:53.360 cellular needs. That the system we're talking about would not 804 00:49:53.440 --> 00:49:56.480 attempt to compete with cellular needs. So for example, it 805 00:49:56.519 --> 00:49:59.800 wouldn't compete directly with say iridium, which is which w 806 00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:02.840 which can talk directly to a handset. Our system would 807 00:50:02.880 --> 00:50:07.079 seem to would seek to talk to a small user 808 00:50:07.199 --> 00:50:09.880 terminal that's about the size of a pizza box. 809 00:50:11.400 --> 00:50:16.559 Or much like you know current dishes that are the 810 00:50:16.679 --> 00:50:17.440 satellite dishes. 811 00:50:17.519 --> 00:50:19.840 But it will be flat because we have faced ray 812 00:50:19.840 --> 00:50:23.800 antenna that's tracking the satellites. But you could mount it 813 00:50:23.840 --> 00:50:26.519 in a window or just anywhere outside as long as 814 00:50:26.559 --> 00:50:28.239 you can see the sky, it would work. 815 00:50:30.519 --> 00:50:32.679 See back here, we'll take our last question back here. 816 00:50:32.960 --> 00:50:35.440 Hey Elon, thanks for coming out. I would like to 817 00:50:35.480 --> 00:50:38.760 show you we brought a virtual reality camera here to 818 00:50:38.840 --> 00:50:43.840 record for the first time. We have a small start 819 00:50:43.920 --> 00:50:46.760 up in San Francisco called Space VR, and we believe 820 00:50:46.800 --> 00:50:51.119 that virtual reality is the future of space exploration because 821 00:50:51.159 --> 00:50:53.559 you can put people on the very cutting, the very 822 00:50:53.679 --> 00:50:58.079 front of every every exploration mission. Is that something that 823 00:50:58.119 --> 00:50:59.880 you've given much thought or have any opinions on? 824 00:51:01.639 --> 00:51:06.199 Well, I've I've gone, I've perceived the vircual reality demos 825 00:51:06.360 --> 00:51:10.159 at uh Oculus and at Valve, and it's pretty impressive. 826 00:51:12.079 --> 00:51:14.159 You can sort of imagine if that's extra late into 827 00:51:14.199 --> 00:51:17.239 the future, it's really gonna super feel like you're there. 828 00:51:18.679 --> 00:51:20.519 And I wonder if some people are never gonna wanna 829 00:51:20.559 --> 00:51:25.599 take that all honestly, you know, it's like it's pretty 830 00:51:27.119 --> 00:51:32.079 I mean it, it's pretty entrancing. But I I I 831 00:51:32.119 --> 00:51:33.719 do think it'd be quite exciting to do that for 832 00:51:33.760 --> 00:51:36.440 a space as well. Yeah do you do you have 833 00:51:36.559 --> 00:51:37.119 a set up here? 834 00:51:37.760 --> 00:51:51.880 Yeah? Okay, it's right there. Wow, Okay, yeah cool? Okay, 835 00:51:53.639 --> 00:51:56.119 w where are you based in? W Where? But where 836 00:51:56.159 --> 00:51:58.760 you based? Okay? 837 00:52:00.679 --> 00:52:02.920 I think maybe today is going to be tricky. But 838 00:52:04.960 --> 00:52:08.159 but but maybe if since you're based in California, I 839 00:52:08.199 --> 00:52:12.239 could we could range something, you know, in the coming weeks. 840 00:52:13.320 --> 00:52:17.320 All right, let's see elon we'll uh, we'll call it 841 00:52:17.440 --> 00:52:22.559 a conference. I wanted to first thank you very much. 842 00:52:22.599 --> 00:52:26.239 You've been very genius with your time and we you 843 00:52:26.320 --> 00:52:28.159 know from the moment I called you, you were all in. 844 00:52:28.960 --> 00:52:33.599 And uh, it's really this open conversation and your your 845 00:52:33.679 --> 00:52:36.800 thoughts on on the on what's in front of us 846 00:52:36.920 --> 00:52:39.800 that really excites us all in this room. So thank 847 00:52:39.800 --> 00:52:41.679 you very much for your time. We really appreciate it. 848 00:52:42.119 --> 00:52:42.880 Thank you, thanks a. 849 00:52:46.800 --> 00:52:54.199 Thanks, thanks for listening. 850 00:52:54.440 --> 00:52:55.840 See you in the next episode.