1 00:00:02,480 --> 00:00:05,080 Speaker 1: A gentleman who we can call Elon in everybody, at 2 00:00:05,160 --> 00:00:07,519 least in this country, I know exactly who you're talking about. 3 00:00:08,240 --> 00:00:13,359 But mister Elon Musk, he's the CEO, lead designer of SpaceX. 4 00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:21,600 Everyone I think knows this. SpaceX is an amazing commercial company. 5 00:00:21,679 --> 00:00:26,000 It's the first company to launch commercial rocket and to 6 00:00:26,199 --> 00:00:30,079 low Earth orbit with their Falcon one launch. Then in 7 00:00:30,320 --> 00:00:32,439 two thousand and eight they were one of the winners 8 00:00:33,079 --> 00:00:37,359 of a contract to bring services to the International Space Station, 9 00:00:38,119 --> 00:00:40,840 the first commercial company to berth with the International Space 10 00:00:40,880 --> 00:00:44,320 Station bringing supplies. They're also the first commercial company to 11 00:00:44,359 --> 00:00:49,200 return a sizable return vehicle with all the components still intact, 12 00:00:49,280 --> 00:00:52,880 which is very important to us, back to the surface 13 00:00:52,960 --> 00:00:56,359 of the Earth. And so it's an amazing company. Has 14 00:00:56,399 --> 00:00:59,920 done a great job and continues to push the boundary 15 00:01:00,119 --> 00:01:02,920 that you'll hear from Elon. But his interest really is 16 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:04,719 not so much in lower Earth orbit as it is 17 00:01:05,079 --> 00:01:08,959 going beyond lower th orbit and making sure humanity will 18 00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:15,680 continue to live by exploring beyond beyond Earth. Elon has 19 00:01:15,799 --> 00:01:19,000 a varied history of things that he's been involved in. 20 00:01:19,400 --> 00:01:21,239 This was this is one of the things that makes 21 00:01:21,280 --> 00:01:23,640 it so exciting to have this conversation with him today. 22 00:01:24,280 --> 00:01:27,640 He's not one dimensional space guy. He's involved in Tesla Motors, 23 00:01:27,719 --> 00:01:31,439 which he is a co founder and CEO, and also 24 00:01:31,480 --> 00:01:34,000 a major player in the design efforts and what they 25 00:01:34,079 --> 00:01:37,359 choose to go build and how of course, he was 26 00:01:37,400 --> 00:01:41,400 a co founder of PayPal and zip too. He's deeply 27 00:01:41,439 --> 00:01:44,799 involved in a number of other industries as well. And 28 00:01:44,840 --> 00:01:47,959 so it's my great honor to welcome Elon Muska to 29 00:01:48,040 --> 00:02:08,719 the stage. Thanks for coming, appreciate it. Okay, well, these 30 00:02:08,719 --> 00:02:13,719 are great chairs, you guys. Look at those chairs you're in. 31 00:02:15,639 --> 00:02:18,560 Let's see. So Elon, you've you and I were gonna 32 00:02:18,560 --> 00:02:20,159 have a little chat this morning. We said it was 33 00:02:20,159 --> 00:02:22,800 gonna be a fireside chat. So minus the fireside I 34 00:02:22,800 --> 00:02:26,879 guess we're ready again. I've, as you heard, I've encouraged 35 00:02:26,919 --> 00:02:28,879 folks to ask a few questions along the way, but 36 00:02:28,960 --> 00:02:31,120 I have a few, a few questions I thought to 37 00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:34,080 get us started. So the first one, which is probably 38 00:02:34,080 --> 00:02:36,639 on everybody's mind, is perhaps you want to discuss a 39 00:02:36,680 --> 00:02:40,800 little bit about the recent loss of the dragon in 40 00:02:41,280 --> 00:02:43,120 the Falcon nine here on Space x seven. 41 00:02:44,680 --> 00:02:47,680 Speaker 2: Sure, well, I mean I think it's it's obviously it's 42 00:02:47,680 --> 00:02:53,560 a huge load to to SpaceX and and or do 43 00:02:53,639 --> 00:03:00,919 we take these missions incredibly seriously? The investigator, everyone that 44 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:05,400 can engage in the investigation of SpaceX is very very 45 00:03:05,400 --> 00:03:10,439 focused on that. And I in this case, the the 46 00:03:10,439 --> 00:03:15,360 the data does seem to be quite difficult to interpret, 47 00:03:15,400 --> 00:03:18,039 Like whatever happened is is clearly not a sort of 48 00:03:18,080 --> 00:03:24,400 simple straightforward UH thing. So we wanna spend as much 49 00:03:24,439 --> 00:03:27,759 time as possible just reviewing the data, obviously going over 50 00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:30,479 it with with NASA and with the FA and with 51 00:03:30,520 --> 00:03:33,039 the number of other customers, and just sort of seeing 52 00:03:34,840 --> 00:03:38,319 what to feedback everyone has based on their prior experience, 53 00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:41,960 to see if we can get to what the uh 54 00:03:42,520 --> 00:03:46,919 most likely root causes at look at both what we 55 00:03:46,960 --> 00:03:51,319 think most likely happened and then anything that's a close call, 56 00:03:51,879 --> 00:03:55,400 and try to uh address all of those things and 57 00:03:55,599 --> 00:03:58,120 maximize the probably of success for future missions. 58 00:03:58,800 --> 00:04:01,840 Speaker 1: Any hints where you think the problem. 59 00:04:01,479 --> 00:04:04,639 Speaker 2: Lies, well, and I know that this this media and 60 00:04:04,719 --> 00:04:06,439 the audience, so you have to be fair. 61 00:04:08,360 --> 00:04:11,479 Speaker 1: I never really learned that, but that is a lesson 62 00:04:11,800 --> 00:04:12,360 working on. 63 00:04:12,879 --> 00:04:17,279 Speaker 2: So so it's yeah, I mean, I you know, the 64 00:04:19,639 --> 00:04:22,600 I think I think I think we'll be able to 65 00:04:23,439 --> 00:04:27,600 say something more definitive towards the end of the week. 66 00:04:29,079 --> 00:04:31,959 At this point, really the only thing that's really clear 67 00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:35,439 is that there was some kind of over pressure events 68 00:04:35,519 --> 00:04:39,120 in the upper stage liquid oxygen tank, but the exact 69 00:04:39,240 --> 00:04:42,279 cause and the sequence of events, there's there's still no. 70 00:04:44,399 --> 00:04:47,240 Speaker 3: Clear theory that fits with all the data. 71 00:04:48,319 --> 00:04:50,439 Speaker 2: So we have to determine if some of the data 72 00:04:51,199 --> 00:04:55,480 is a measurement error of some kind or whether there 73 00:04:55,560 --> 00:04:59,519 is actually a theory that matches the sort of what 74 00:04:59,639 --> 00:05:01,680 what pear to be conflicting data points. 75 00:05:02,160 --> 00:05:05,639 Speaker 1: Okay, very good. I'll just make a comment. The tweets 76 00:05:05,680 --> 00:05:08,920 you put out regularly, particularly when events like this happen, 77 00:05:09,639 --> 00:05:12,079 are really useful to everybody. We really do appreciate it. 78 00:05:12,120 --> 00:05:14,600 You'd be amazed at how many folks quote what you 79 00:05:14,720 --> 00:05:18,439 said and how glad they are that you just step 80 00:05:18,519 --> 00:05:20,920 right out and at least give some sign about what's 81 00:05:20,959 --> 00:05:22,519 going on and that you know we'll get through it. 82 00:05:22,680 --> 00:05:23,399 Things are going well. 83 00:05:23,439 --> 00:05:27,199 Speaker 2: So we appreciate that absolutely, and for sure, as soon 84 00:05:27,240 --> 00:05:30,720 as we think we've got a clear line on what 85 00:05:30,759 --> 00:05:32,680 would happened and we've sort of cross checked it with 86 00:05:32,720 --> 00:05:36,639 as many experts as we can, and certainly appreciate that 87 00:05:36,720 --> 00:05:39,720 the feedback from NASAU on this front. Ver very much 88 00:05:39,720 --> 00:05:44,480 appreciate it. We'll certainly put a put out that story. 89 00:05:44,480 --> 00:05:48,040 I'm only reticence about saying something quite yet is I 90 00:05:48,040 --> 00:05:50,160 don't want to say something that subsequently turns out to 91 00:05:50,199 --> 00:05:53,000 be a miss misunderstanding of the situation. 92 00:05:53,079 --> 00:05:57,920 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, absolutely understand that. So one of the questions 93 00:05:57,959 --> 00:06:04,759 that I asked myself regularly is at what point does 94 00:06:04,800 --> 00:06:09,800 all this government help hurt? So this ha been occurred, 95 00:06:09,959 --> 00:06:14,120 and we have you have the NASA folks there from 96 00:06:14,439 --> 00:06:17,720 from about three different programs that intend to use your services, 97 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:21,560 ISS being one of them. You have the FAA, that's uh, 98 00:06:22,240 --> 00:06:31,519 that's involved, the RANGE folks are there without feeling like 99 00:06:31,600 --> 00:06:36,439 you're giving your customers a hard time? How is that 100 00:06:36,560 --> 00:06:41,439 interaction and what what should we consider doing differently so 101 00:06:41,480 --> 00:06:44,959 that we in those areas where we can help, we 102 00:06:45,040 --> 00:06:49,519 are helpful, and in those those areas where we're really 103 00:06:49,639 --> 00:06:52,920 keeping you from getting your job done, we can modify ourselves. 104 00:06:53,759 --> 00:06:53,959 Speaker 3: Yeah. 105 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:56,040 Speaker 2: Actually, I think the interaction with NASA has been great 106 00:06:56,040 --> 00:07:01,959 this far. The biggest challenge there there are a lot 107 00:07:01,959 --> 00:07:04,600 of inquiries coming in simultaneously. 108 00:07:04,319 --> 00:07:04,480 Speaker 3: So. 109 00:07:05,920 --> 00:07:09,360 Speaker 2: It's it's hard to sort of keep you know, respond 110 00:07:09,399 --> 00:07:11,120 to respond to everyone right away. 111 00:07:11,399 --> 00:07:13,279 Speaker 3: But but actually it seems to have gone fairly well. 112 00:07:13,439 --> 00:07:15,639 Speaker 2: The biggest thing that's needed in the in the sort 113 00:07:15,639 --> 00:07:17,839 of short term is the ability to sort of gather 114 00:07:17,920 --> 00:07:21,680 all the data create a very precise timeline so that 115 00:07:21,879 --> 00:07:24,399 you know, by by the melosecond we know what each 116 00:07:24,439 --> 00:07:28,600 sensor was reading, and we can correlate that with the 117 00:07:28,759 --> 00:07:31,600 ground video and actually, like one of the biggest challenges 118 00:07:31,800 --> 00:07:35,439 is matching the things to the exact time, you know, 119 00:07:35,720 --> 00:07:39,439 because when you're talking about you know, a matter of meloseconds, 120 00:07:40,959 --> 00:07:43,600 you know, being able to say what is the groundtrack 121 00:07:43,759 --> 00:07:48,879 video compared to the data as received by the you know, 122 00:07:48,959 --> 00:07:51,560 by by the ground station from the rocket, and then 123 00:07:51,600 --> 00:07:54,680 taking into account for exactly the actual time taking to 124 00:07:54,759 --> 00:07:59,720 generate a packet of information. When when was that sensor read, 125 00:08:00,079 --> 00:08:03,079 when was it encoded into a packet, and when was 126 00:08:03,120 --> 00:08:06,879 that packet sent to the ground when when you're doing 127 00:08:06,879 --> 00:08:10,199 in in molliseconds, that all that stuff actually makes quite 128 00:08:10,199 --> 00:08:15,360 a big difference. So that's the biggest sort of effort 129 00:08:15,399 --> 00:08:18,199 we've been engaged in thus far, is just putting together 130 00:08:18,240 --> 00:08:22,920 a super detailed timeline and then just making sure that 131 00:08:23,120 --> 00:08:25,639 we have this sequence of events down. 132 00:08:25,720 --> 00:08:27,879 Speaker 3: As precisely as possible. That's what we're working on. 133 00:08:28,480 --> 00:08:33,639 Speaker 2: And but but actually, certainly with the interaction we've had 134 00:08:33,679 --> 00:08:35,600 with with Nason with us has actually been quite good 135 00:08:35,720 --> 00:08:38,679 thus far, and we've explained that this is what we're doing, 136 00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:44,279 and then we very much welcome any feedback or input 137 00:08:44,799 --> 00:08:46,639 or a view of the data that would lead us 138 00:08:46,679 --> 00:08:49,159 to a better understanding of the circumstances. 139 00:08:49,960 --> 00:08:53,279 Speaker 1: I thought we had a very productive discussion back when 140 00:08:53,279 --> 00:08:56,399 we had the engine one anomaly, and so I found 141 00:08:56,440 --> 00:09:01,080 it be very useful. But that's a perspective from NASA perspective, 142 00:09:01,120 --> 00:09:03,639 so it's always interesting to know your perspective of that. 143 00:09:03,919 --> 00:09:06,120 Speaker 3: Yeah, it seems to be quite quite good actually right now. 144 00:09:06,320 --> 00:09:11,720 Speaker 1: Yeah, so you're building the last couple of launches you've 145 00:09:11,720 --> 00:09:15,960 had landing legs, and you've been working on landing the 146 00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:19,200 first stage back eventually to shore, and you talk a 147 00:09:19,240 --> 00:09:21,000 little bit about that and which your vision is for 148 00:09:21,080 --> 00:09:23,639 that and for a SpaceX in general as you go forward. 149 00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:28,879 Speaker 2: Sure, well, the overwatching goal of SpaceX is to try 150 00:09:28,879 --> 00:09:34,279 to advance the state of space transport, advanced space transport 151 00:09:34,279 --> 00:09:38,240 technology to the point where well it get as far 152 00:09:38,279 --> 00:09:42,799 along the path as we can to where space travel 153 00:09:43,039 --> 00:09:45,960 is hopefully commonplace at some point in the future, and 154 00:09:46,960 --> 00:09:49,960 where we can send large numbers of people and cargo 155 00:09:50,120 --> 00:09:53,480 to other planets. And you know, it's like that's the 156 00:09:53,519 --> 00:09:55,759 sort of thing that needs to happen for humanity to 157 00:09:55,799 --> 00:09:57,840 have a great future in space. So we want to 158 00:09:57,919 --> 00:10:02,919 keep pushing that, and I think like to that future 159 00:10:03,120 --> 00:10:04,000 is reusability. 160 00:10:05,360 --> 00:10:06,399 Speaker 3: So that's why we've worked. 161 00:10:06,279 --> 00:10:10,639 Speaker 2: Quite hard on reusability, and unfortunately we haven't succeeded yet. 162 00:10:10,759 --> 00:10:15,840 And in fact, the last launch, ironically was we actually 163 00:10:15,879 --> 00:10:19,159 had the best chance of landing of the vehicle on 164 00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:21,960 the on the sort of drone ship that's keeping station 165 00:10:22,080 --> 00:10:25,840 in the Atlantic. So we're actually quite sort of geared 166 00:10:25,919 --> 00:10:28,480 up for hopefully this would be a really great launch, 167 00:10:28,480 --> 00:10:31,480 and unfortunately ended up being the opposite. On my birthday 168 00:10:31,480 --> 00:10:38,879 of all things. It was a real downer, you'll remember 169 00:10:38,879 --> 00:10:45,720 it though, definitely low point. But but but I do 170 00:10:45,759 --> 00:10:48,519 think in the in the future launches that that we've 171 00:10:48,519 --> 00:10:51,720 got a decent chance of landing on the ship and 172 00:10:51,759 --> 00:10:55,919 then bringing the boostage back to land, and then the 173 00:10:55,919 --> 00:10:58,600 next challenge, of course, is trying to figure out how 174 00:10:58,679 --> 00:11:04,879 to efficiently effectively reuse it. And it is designed for 175 00:11:05,039 --> 00:11:07,919 easy reuse in theory, but we've got to see what 176 00:11:07,960 --> 00:11:10,679 the stage looks looks like when it comes back in 177 00:11:10,720 --> 00:11:15,399 one piece. We have been able to over the last 178 00:11:15,399 --> 00:11:17,720 few years to do a number of vertical takeoff landing 179 00:11:17,759 --> 00:11:23,519 tests of hardware that's essentially in the flight configuration, so 180 00:11:23,559 --> 00:11:26,399 we know we can we can handle the terminal phase 181 00:11:26,600 --> 00:11:30,039 if you know, if things go right, we can take 182 00:11:30,080 --> 00:11:33,279 off land no problem. So it's just a question of 183 00:11:34,120 --> 00:11:38,279 completing all the pieces and hopefully later this year won't 184 00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:40,720 be able to do that, but that that's key. So 185 00:11:40,960 --> 00:11:43,879 but of course that doesn't address upper stage reuse, but 186 00:11:43,919 --> 00:11:47,919 it addresses boostage reuse, which is sort of seventy percent 187 00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:50,039 to eight percent of the of the of the cost. 188 00:11:51,720 --> 00:11:55,159 And but I think would be a great step towards 189 00:11:56,720 --> 00:11:59,600 lowering the cost of space transport. 190 00:12:00,480 --> 00:12:03,879 Speaker 1: So you know, if you look at your history, I 191 00:12:03,879 --> 00:12:10,919 guess zip to PayPal these are largely software type efforts. 192 00:12:10,960 --> 00:12:16,799 Now you've got Tesla electric cars, you're building a battery plant, 193 00:12:19,320 --> 00:12:21,960 solar city. I guess you're involved in solar city. So 194 00:12:21,960 --> 00:12:26,480 why space? It seems space to me and just what 195 00:12:26,559 --> 00:12:28,600 I rate with you seems to be more of a 196 00:12:28,679 --> 00:12:32,120 passion than the others or our businesses. But I can't 197 00:12:32,159 --> 00:12:34,240 tell why space Why are you? Why do you think 198 00:12:34,279 --> 00:12:37,639 it's important for us to be having access to lowerth orbit? 199 00:12:38,320 --> 00:12:41,919 Speaker 2: Well, the I mean actually technically, I mean with with 200 00:12:42,039 --> 00:12:47,360 the Tesla and Solar City, they're about helping to solve 201 00:12:47,399 --> 00:12:52,399 the sustainable energy problem, and so we're trying to make 202 00:12:52,399 --> 00:12:56,639 progress in that front on with those companies. With with SpaceX, 203 00:12:56,799 --> 00:13:02,440 it's trying to help solve the space bearing problem. I 204 00:13:02,440 --> 00:13:04,840 mean I I I think that a a future where 205 00:13:04,840 --> 00:13:08,000 we're a space baring civilization and a and a multiplanet 206 00:13:08,039 --> 00:13:13,559 species is very exciting, inspiring, awesome future. And in order 207 00:13:13,600 --> 00:13:18,279 for that to happen, W we've we've got to dramatically 208 00:13:18,600 --> 00:13:19,240 improve the. 209 00:13:19,159 --> 00:13:20,440 Speaker 3: Cost of space flight. 210 00:13:22,639 --> 00:13:27,159 Speaker 2: And uh, and that's that's why why space X exists, 211 00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:30,879 is to try to try to lower the cost of spaceflight, uh, 212 00:13:31,120 --> 00:13:33,240 which we've made some progress in doing, but still I 213 00:13:33,240 --> 00:13:39,440 would call up improvements thus far evolutionary, not revolutionary, and 214 00:13:40,159 --> 00:13:42,519 but with with a lot of continued work, and then 215 00:13:42,559 --> 00:13:46,639 I think there's the potential for for order of magnitude 216 00:13:46,840 --> 00:13:49,960 or greater improvements, reasability being key to all of that. 217 00:13:50,039 --> 00:13:54,759 Of course, and uh yeah, and then hopefully if I 218 00:13:54,879 --> 00:13:56,240 you know, if we want to see if if we 219 00:13:56,279 --> 00:14:00,080 can keep improving the the cost of space flight and 220 00:14:00,120 --> 00:14:03,159 eventually that trend is in the right direction, that could 221 00:14:03,159 --> 00:14:07,279 be leading to a city on Mars, and certainly along 222 00:14:07,320 --> 00:14:09,399 the way a lot of activity and low with orbit 223 00:14:09,720 --> 00:14:14,240 and the Moon and you know, lots of other exciting things. 224 00:14:15,559 --> 00:14:17,919 Speaker 1: So one of the things we're trying to do with 225 00:14:18,000 --> 00:14:22,320 the International Space Station is try to figure out which 226 00:14:22,480 --> 00:14:25,320 industries will prosper from the use of lower th orbit 227 00:14:25,480 --> 00:14:31,639 to try to understand or help grow the economy essentially 228 00:14:31,639 --> 00:14:34,960 in lower th orbit. And folks who are doing that 229 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:38,399 are all taking risks today. Our job is to try 230 00:14:38,399 --> 00:14:40,519 to reduce the risk as much as we can near 231 00:14:40,639 --> 00:14:44,799 term so that they can get the information they need 232 00:14:44,840 --> 00:14:47,759 to really have a business case for the future. But 233 00:14:47,840 --> 00:14:52,600 everyone's trying to calculate a risk. So is there an 234 00:14:52,679 --> 00:14:59,639 e Lawn Musk philosophy of risk ursted benefit? And when 235 00:14:59,679 --> 00:15:01,720 you I think is the right time to jump in? 236 00:15:01,840 --> 00:15:04,399 I mean, what is your thought on on how to 237 00:15:04,440 --> 00:15:08,480 approach new industries, innovative areas and when's the right time 238 00:15:08,519 --> 00:15:13,039 to jump in or not? Or do you just mean 239 00:15:13,159 --> 00:15:15,240 is there no crystal ball or is it a crystal 240 00:15:15,240 --> 00:15:16,960 ball or Wiji board. I mean, how do you how 241 00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:18,559 do you figure out what you should go after? 242 00:15:19,120 --> 00:15:24,000 Speaker 2: Well, definitely the Wigi board of course, much more reliable 243 00:15:24,039 --> 00:15:24,759 than the crystal ball. 244 00:15:27,720 --> 00:15:29,440 Speaker 3: So the. 245 00:15:31,039 --> 00:15:35,279 Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean, I don't really like risk for risk 246 00:15:35,399 --> 00:15:40,519 sake or anything. It's and I do think that all 247 00:15:40,600 --> 00:15:44,159 the things are are very risky with a low chance 248 00:15:44,200 --> 00:15:47,519 of success. But if you want to try to come 249 00:15:47,600 --> 00:15:50,840 up with an intovertive breakthrough, that's kind of that's going 250 00:15:50,919 --> 00:15:56,639 to be how it is. Anything which is significantly innovative 251 00:15:56,799 --> 00:15:58,799 is going to come with a significant risk of failure. 252 00:16:00,600 --> 00:16:03,120 And but you know, if you've you've got to take 253 00:16:03,200 --> 00:16:05,799 big chances in order for the potential for a big 254 00:16:06,399 --> 00:16:12,600 positive outcome. And you know, just if and if if, 255 00:16:12,639 --> 00:16:16,039 I mean if if the outcome is exciting enough, then 256 00:16:16,120 --> 00:16:16,759 then taking a. 257 00:16:16,679 --> 00:16:21,159 Speaker 3: Big risk is worthwhile. It's really our approach it. 258 00:16:21,159 --> 00:16:23,960 Speaker 2: But w but then once executing down a path, I 259 00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:27,919 actually do my absolute best to reduce uh risk, you know, 260 00:16:28,159 --> 00:16:30,720 cause or or to improve the p another way of saying, 261 00:16:30,840 --> 00:16:34,080 to improve the pobality of success, because uh, wh when 262 00:16:34,120 --> 00:16:38,799 you try to do something that is very very risky, 263 00:16:38,960 --> 00:16:41,759 uh y that you you you you have to spend 264 00:16:41,759 --> 00:16:44,759 a lot of effort trying to reduce that risk as 265 00:16:44,799 --> 00:16:48,879 you emblock down that path. I mean when wa when 266 00:16:48,919 --> 00:16:51,519 it starts SpaceX, the I thought the odds of success 267 00:16:51,519 --> 00:16:55,679 were very low. I thought we'd most likely fail, but 268 00:16:55,759 --> 00:16:59,039 I thought, well, we should give it a try. Nonetheless, 269 00:17:01,120 --> 00:17:04,400 And and then I'm not sure if you know what 270 00:17:04,400 --> 00:17:08,640 what what preceded SpaceX because the why I got into 271 00:17:08,680 --> 00:17:09,480 the space. 272 00:17:11,240 --> 00:17:14,200 Speaker 1: I remember, you're trying to purchase a vehicle too, from 273 00:17:14,240 --> 00:17:15,920 our Russian cor That's what I'm talking about. 274 00:17:16,839 --> 00:17:18,480 Speaker 3: Well, actually it was. 275 00:17:19,880 --> 00:17:23,279 Speaker 2: The reason I got into space was to try to 276 00:17:23,359 --> 00:17:36,160 increase NASA's budget. The and but so I'll tell you so. 277 00:17:36,240 --> 00:17:39,279 The roundabout way I thought that might be accomplished was 278 00:17:40,440 --> 00:17:43,480 I thought, well, if if NASA's budget was more, was larger, 279 00:17:43,480 --> 00:17:47,680 than we could do more in space exploration. And I thought, well, 280 00:17:47,759 --> 00:17:51,240 what particularly if we could get the public excited about 281 00:17:51,240 --> 00:17:52,720 sending people to Mars. 282 00:17:53,240 --> 00:17:54,839 Speaker 3: And I thought, well, if I could. 283 00:17:54,680 --> 00:17:57,880 Speaker 2: Do a small greenhouse and send that to the surface 284 00:17:57,920 --> 00:18:01,720 of Mars with seasons, nutrient jail, and you hydrate the 285 00:18:01,759 --> 00:18:04,319 gael and landing you have a little miniature greenhouse and 286 00:18:04,359 --> 00:18:07,279 then you'd have The public tends to get excited about 287 00:18:07,319 --> 00:18:11,079 precedents and superlatives. So we like the you know, sort 288 00:18:11,119 --> 00:18:13,599 of first life on Mars, the furthest lifes ever traveled, 289 00:18:13,720 --> 00:18:15,599 and you get people sort of excited about, well, but 290 00:18:15,640 --> 00:18:18,599 where we send people there, like the health of plants, 291 00:18:18,599 --> 00:18:19,160 we should. 292 00:18:18,920 --> 00:18:19,680 Speaker 3: Send people, you know. 293 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:24,920 Speaker 2: And and then I thought, well that could If that 294 00:18:24,960 --> 00:18:28,000 could get the public really excited about sending Keill to Mars, 295 00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:30,640 then that would translate into congressional support for a bigger 296 00:18:30,720 --> 00:18:31,400 NASSA budget. 297 00:18:31,559 --> 00:18:32,200 Speaker 3: That was the goal. 298 00:18:33,160 --> 00:18:36,880 Speaker 2: And then I didn't have enough money to buy and 299 00:18:37,039 --> 00:18:38,680 I thought that that outcome would have a har per 300 00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:41,039 cent chance of no commercial success. 301 00:18:42,519 --> 00:18:44,720 Speaker 3: So the harp cent chance of losing all the money. 302 00:18:44,759 --> 00:18:48,480 Speaker 2: So so compared to that SpaceX, which I thought maybe 303 00:18:48,519 --> 00:18:51,200 had a ten percent chances of success, that was an improvement. 304 00:18:55,720 --> 00:18:57,720 Speaker 1: There. You go, well, that makes that makes good sense. 305 00:18:58,079 --> 00:19:00,440 So are you still thinking about that? Do you remember 306 00:19:00,440 --> 00:19:03,480 that conversation? This was the idea where you used Martian regulars. 307 00:19:03,519 --> 00:19:10,200 You send these self contained habitats, if not habitats, and grow. 308 00:19:10,799 --> 00:19:12,359 Speaker 3: Like commuter across or something like that. 309 00:19:12,680 --> 00:19:15,079 Speaker 1: But just to prove the concept, yeah, just to get 310 00:19:15,079 --> 00:19:17,200 it I mean, the real goal was to get the 311 00:19:17,240 --> 00:19:18,160 public excited. 312 00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:21,279 Speaker 2: You get some engineering data about what does it take 313 00:19:21,359 --> 00:19:23,799 to maintain a little habitat on Mars type of thing, 314 00:19:24,720 --> 00:19:26,440 but the main thing would be to get the public 315 00:19:26,480 --> 00:19:30,319 excited and you know, get people to be you know, 316 00:19:30,480 --> 00:19:31,839 the public to be in the paper of a pig 317 00:19:31,839 --> 00:19:32,519 and ass a budget. 318 00:19:33,079 --> 00:19:33,680 Speaker 3: It's the goal. 319 00:19:34,119 --> 00:19:36,200 Speaker 1: And well, again, God bless you, it's a worthy goal. 320 00:19:36,240 --> 00:19:37,359 I hope you never saw. 321 00:19:39,119 --> 00:19:39,240 Speaker 4: So. 322 00:19:40,240 --> 00:19:42,839 Speaker 1: Commercial crew. So you've been selected as one of the 323 00:19:42,839 --> 00:19:45,240 providers for the commercial crew. Can you tell us a 324 00:19:45,279 --> 00:19:48,799 little bit about where that's headed for you as a company, 325 00:19:48,799 --> 00:19:51,759 and perhaps maybe how it's affected your company, if it has, 326 00:19:51,880 --> 00:19:54,680 if it's changed the thing, and how you approach space. 327 00:19:57,920 --> 00:20:00,599 Speaker 2: Things seem to be going fairly well on the commercial 328 00:20:00,599 --> 00:20:06,480 crew front, I mean the I mean overall. I mean, 329 00:20:07,279 --> 00:20:09,559 I mean that there are small disagreements here and there, 330 00:20:09,640 --> 00:20:12,079 but overall, I like, I think we very much agree 331 00:20:12,119 --> 00:20:17,480 with the way it's being done. And yeah, I think 332 00:20:17,519 --> 00:20:19,440 it's it's it's pretty pretty good. I mean, there are 333 00:20:19,440 --> 00:20:23,200 a few things where the like it seems like the 334 00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:27,359 amount of of sort of massive volume reserved for poop 335 00:20:27,559 --> 00:20:34,599 is too high. Like sorry, but that's you know, there's 336 00:20:34,640 --> 00:20:36,799 like little things like that, We're like, well, are they 337 00:20:36,880 --> 00:20:41,920 really going to do that much group? But it's it's 338 00:20:41,960 --> 00:20:46,680 quite it's quite large volume, but really it's so but 339 00:20:46,839 --> 00:20:49,920 I could really they're pretty small disagreements. So I think 340 00:20:49,960 --> 00:20:54,880 that it seems to be pretty pretty sensible. And and 341 00:20:54,920 --> 00:20:58,000 then we did the orange board test earlier this year, 342 00:20:58,039 --> 00:21:05,200 which at the Cave, which actually went pretty well. And yeah, 343 00:21:05,240 --> 00:21:11,119 so things that are going along getting pretty exciting. And yeah, 344 00:21:11,119 --> 00:21:14,119 I think there's also some potential use for dragging too 345 00:21:14,480 --> 00:21:19,720 as a science delivery platform, you know, going to sort 346 00:21:19,720 --> 00:21:21,720 of delivering payloads to. 347 00:21:22,079 --> 00:21:23,319 Speaker 3: Mars or other places. 348 00:21:24,240 --> 00:21:27,079 Speaker 2: We're in discussion with other parts of NASSA about some 349 00:21:27,200 --> 00:21:31,359 of those ideas because the propulsive landing, you know, it 350 00:21:31,400 --> 00:21:34,240 could really lower the cost of getting science instruments to 351 00:21:34,400 --> 00:21:36,480 various places in the Solar System. 352 00:21:37,359 --> 00:21:38,200 Speaker 3: So that's kind of exciting. 353 00:21:38,359 --> 00:21:40,079 Speaker 1: So I'm gonna come back to that in just a second. 354 00:21:40,200 --> 00:21:45,200 But commercial the crew vehicle versus the Dragon cargo vehicle, 355 00:21:45,960 --> 00:21:51,359 clearly there are some significant differences. Fairly innovative approach, I 356 00:21:51,440 --> 00:21:56,119 think to aboart testing, which traditionally you've seen the jess 357 00:21:56,160 --> 00:21:59,400 and rocket on top that that's a pullar versus the 358 00:21:59,480 --> 00:22:03,240 pusher technique where you utilize fuel that you otherwise would 359 00:22:03,359 --> 00:22:05,079 use for the right on orbit, but of course you're 360 00:22:05,079 --> 00:22:07,960 not going there, so very innovative approach. Are there other 361 00:22:08,039 --> 00:22:13,720 areas where you feel like you're from an innovation standpoint, 362 00:22:13,799 --> 00:22:16,839 you're making some significant strides with the crew vehicle? 363 00:22:18,799 --> 00:22:23,119 Speaker 2: Yeah, I think the the the big items for well, 364 00:22:23,119 --> 00:22:27,039 the the biggest item really for Dragon two is the 365 00:22:27,119 --> 00:22:32,200 ability to do a propulsive landing. And it's basically h 366 00:22:32,400 --> 00:22:35,880 having heavy thrusters on board. So those same heavy thrusters 367 00:22:37,039 --> 00:22:40,160 can then do the abort but retain the the engines. 368 00:22:40,599 --> 00:22:44,160 So instead of in a normal sort of crude mission 369 00:22:44,279 --> 00:22:46,319 like sake to take the Sowyers for example, that have 370 00:22:47,000 --> 00:22:50,680 a uh a tractor motor on the nose of the 371 00:22:50,759 --> 00:22:53,920 vehicle that would have to be or basically a rocketential 372 00:22:53,920 --> 00:22:55,319 on the nose that would have to be discarded on 373 00:22:55,400 --> 00:22:59,559 every flight, which is a potential reliability issue. And it 374 00:23:00,240 --> 00:23:03,400 and then you have obviously unable to reuse the the 375 00:23:03,599 --> 00:23:09,039 the the abort system, and yeah, and it adds it 376 00:23:09,160 --> 00:23:12,839 adds a bunch of bunch of mass. But but then 377 00:23:12,880 --> 00:23:16,640 in addition, those same thrusters can be used for propulsive landing, 378 00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:21,839 so you can achieve a precise propulsive landing which on 379 00:23:22,079 --> 00:23:27,039 on land or water, which is I think a significant improvement. 380 00:23:29,240 --> 00:23:31,440 And I mean it's sort of also it's sort of 381 00:23:31,559 --> 00:23:34,079 like really, I think feels feels more like the future 382 00:23:34,200 --> 00:23:37,359 to to have that that capability. And then as I 383 00:23:37,440 --> 00:23:41,599 mentioned it for it can be extended to uh do 384 00:23:41,759 --> 00:23:46,000 paler delivery to the Moon or Mars or other places. 385 00:23:46,559 --> 00:23:51,200 Because of the the generalized capability of propulsive landing to 386 00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:54,960 to land land almost anywhere very good. 387 00:23:55,759 --> 00:23:58,119 Speaker 1: So, uh, let's go back to Dragon. At one point 388 00:23:58,240 --> 00:24:00,200 you had a conversation talked a little bit bit. It's 389 00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:02,720 something I think was Virtus Dragon Lab where you go 390 00:24:02,759 --> 00:24:06,680 to lowerth orbit and do what I assumed was sort 391 00:24:06,720 --> 00:24:09,400 of kind of research and then bring the vehicle back. 392 00:24:09,759 --> 00:24:12,319 Are you still pursuing that or something like that. Is 393 00:24:12,359 --> 00:24:14,880 this an area where you think that there is a potential. 394 00:24:16,240 --> 00:24:19,519 Speaker 2: I think that there is some potential for to essentially 395 00:24:19,599 --> 00:24:22,319 just take things to loath orbit and then bring them 396 00:24:22,599 --> 00:24:24,559 bring them back, you know, after a few weeks or 397 00:24:24,559 --> 00:24:29,240 something like that. It's it's not a huge area of 398 00:24:29,319 --> 00:24:31,640 attention that's at space X, but I think we might 399 00:24:31,759 --> 00:24:37,039 do a few missions like that, But yeah, I mean 400 00:24:37,119 --> 00:24:41,519 Dragon is is very much sort of its primary optimize 401 00:24:41,640 --> 00:24:44,880 optimization is as a transport vehicle to and from the 402 00:24:44,920 --> 00:24:49,359 space station and uh and so things like Dragon Lab 403 00:24:49,599 --> 00:24:51,839 and then the science delivery platform I think are interesting 404 00:24:52,119 --> 00:24:55,559 extensions of that. And I think as as Dragon to 405 00:24:57,640 --> 00:24:59,680 first flies and then gets into regular flight, I think 406 00:24:59,680 --> 00:25:02,920 they'll probably will be some more applications that that people 407 00:25:03,000 --> 00:25:07,000 can think of, particularly since with Dragon I the reusability 408 00:25:07,599 --> 00:25:09,039 of the vehicle should be quite high. 409 00:25:09,079 --> 00:25:09,559 Speaker 3: So if we have. 410 00:25:09,599 --> 00:25:14,400 Speaker 2: Reusability of the Dragon spacecraft and reusability of the booster 411 00:25:15,599 --> 00:25:20,079 and somebody is willing to sort of do a bunch 412 00:25:20,079 --> 00:25:24,640 of flights with with the fully reused system, there's the 413 00:25:24,680 --> 00:25:30,680 potential for much lower cost access to space. There is 414 00:25:30,720 --> 00:25:32,400 a bit of a chicken and egg challenge because, like 415 00:25:32,519 --> 00:25:34,680 the there's a certain amount of fixed costs that. 416 00:25:34,759 --> 00:25:35,119 Speaker 3: Have to be. 417 00:25:36,640 --> 00:25:41,039 Speaker 2: Carried no matter what, So the the module costs of 418 00:25:41,160 --> 00:25:44,559 launch or the cost of each subsequent launch can drop 419 00:25:44,680 --> 00:25:47,440 quite significantly. So long as the launch rate per year 420 00:25:47,799 --> 00:25:49,359 is high, it stays up. 421 00:25:49,599 --> 00:25:53,640 Speaker 1: Yeah, of course I'd add some other challenges to the system. Yeah, 422 00:25:53,839 --> 00:25:56,000 trying to fly as often as you as you. 423 00:25:56,039 --> 00:25:56,759 Speaker 3: Need to make that. 424 00:25:57,200 --> 00:26:00,440 Speaker 1: Yeah, well, let's see. I don't want to bore everybody 425 00:26:00,519 --> 00:26:03,960 with all my questions. And we talked about if folks 426 00:26:04,000 --> 00:26:06,680 had any questions in the audience, let's see this. Oh, 427 00:26:06,799 --> 00:26:09,079 well they're not bashful. That's good. So I don't know 428 00:26:09,079 --> 00:26:12,400 if we're gonna need microphones. But but I'll start here. 429 00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:20,359 Speaker 4: I would like to ask question. 430 00:26:24,599 --> 00:26:25,160 Speaker 5: My question. 431 00:26:28,200 --> 00:26:32,720 Speaker 6: Because you are like a kind of mentor and visionary, 432 00:26:33,559 --> 00:26:35,799 and you give hope to a lot of people around 433 00:26:35,839 --> 00:26:40,000 the globe because when they see you, they realize that 434 00:26:40,160 --> 00:26:43,759 they can realize their dreams. But my question is different 435 00:26:44,079 --> 00:26:49,759 when you are a dreamer, when you are when you 436 00:26:49,839 --> 00:26:53,200 are a dreamer, when you are a visionary. Of course 437 00:26:53,240 --> 00:26:56,839 you have your vision, but there are moments that sometimes 438 00:26:58,200 --> 00:27:01,519 maybe you stop believing in this vision, especially in the 439 00:27:01,640 --> 00:27:07,559 moments of some problems or failure. So could you tell me, 440 00:27:07,759 --> 00:27:10,440 and could you tell also to thousands of people who 441 00:27:10,880 --> 00:27:14,440 maybe will be motivated by your answer? What keeps you 442 00:27:15,000 --> 00:27:18,759 fighting for your vision? What helps you to reach your gym? 443 00:27:24,640 --> 00:27:27,599 Speaker 2: Well, I mean, I think I'm kind of constitutionally just 444 00:27:28,400 --> 00:27:30,160 heared to just keep going. 445 00:27:30,440 --> 00:27:36,480 Speaker 3: I don't know, it's a yeah, I mean, it just 446 00:27:37,039 --> 00:27:39,160 I I don't know. 447 00:27:39,400 --> 00:27:43,519 Speaker 2: I mean it, certainly there are times when things don't 448 00:27:43,559 --> 00:27:48,759 go well and then that's quite desperating, for sure, and 449 00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:51,200 so then it's it's difficult to proceed with the same 450 00:27:51,319 --> 00:27:57,079 level of enthusiasm. But but I do think, like I 451 00:27:57,119 --> 00:27:59,640 do think the things that we're doing are you know, 452 00:28:00,079 --> 00:28:04,960 pretty important to the future. And if we don't succeed, 453 00:28:05,119 --> 00:28:10,079 then you know, there's well it's not clear what other 454 00:28:10,160 --> 00:28:13,759 things would succeed. And if we don't succeed, then we 455 00:28:13,759 --> 00:28:16,200 will be certainly pointed to as a reason why people 456 00:28:16,240 --> 00:28:20,519 shouldn't even try for these things. So I think it's 457 00:28:20,559 --> 00:28:23,400 important that we do whatever's necessary to keep going. 458 00:28:24,559 --> 00:28:27,440 Speaker 3: Okay, And last question, last question. 459 00:28:27,480 --> 00:28:29,720 Speaker 6: You know, so in two thousand and four, when you 460 00:28:29,799 --> 00:28:33,559 are going to burn you men with your cousin, you 461 00:28:33,680 --> 00:28:37,359 were thinking there is a sum and let's make energy 462 00:28:37,400 --> 00:28:39,799 out of it. And I would like to ask you 463 00:28:41,279 --> 00:28:45,720 why do you believe so in solar energy and clean 464 00:28:45,799 --> 00:28:49,960 tech energies and also in sustainable energy. And the last 465 00:28:50,039 --> 00:28:52,680 question I will not ask any more questions. What will 466 00:28:52,720 --> 00:28:55,160 be the role of solar in the exploration of Mars. 467 00:28:57,079 --> 00:29:01,119 Speaker 2: Sure, I think the solar energy is probably fairly significant 468 00:29:01,559 --> 00:29:06,359 for Mars, and what's gonna be quite important is having 469 00:29:07,640 --> 00:29:13,680 a very lightweight solar system that you know both well 470 00:29:13,680 --> 00:29:18,880 eumetrically and graphometrically dance. So actually you were sort of 471 00:29:19,359 --> 00:29:23,079 playing with the different concepts, like you know that like thing, 472 00:29:23,160 --> 00:29:25,559 that party thing where you've inflated and it rolls out. 473 00:29:26,319 --> 00:29:30,640 But the thing, like what one of the solar concepts 474 00:29:30,759 --> 00:29:33,319 is is to have like a big role that you 475 00:29:33,519 --> 00:29:37,680 just basically inflate and it rolls out with with with 476 00:29:37,880 --> 00:29:43,519 like really thin solar panels on it. But but it's 477 00:29:43,599 --> 00:29:45,480 it's gonna be pretty important because really you either got 478 00:29:45,599 --> 00:29:51,240 to do that or nuclear, and you know nuclear has 479 00:29:51,359 --> 00:29:55,599 has its challenges, but but for solar, it's it's pretty straightforward. 480 00:29:56,680 --> 00:29:58,880 So I think I think solo is very important to 481 00:29:59,079 --> 00:30:00,720 the future exploration Mars for sure. 482 00:30:01,279 --> 00:30:03,599 Speaker 6: So thank you, and I wish you that your next 483 00:30:03,640 --> 00:30:05,440 birthday is very successful. 484 00:30:07,640 --> 00:30:11,680 Speaker 1: Okay, let's go, let's go. Okay, go ahead, BELTI. 485 00:30:12,359 --> 00:30:13,240 Speaker 3: My name is Valentina. 486 00:30:13,279 --> 00:30:17,720 Speaker 7: Nowref I'm from the United Rocket and Space Corparation, which 487 00:30:18,359 --> 00:30:23,240 shortly will become a part of State Coparation Ross COSTMOS. 488 00:30:24,279 --> 00:30:27,799 So I made this one question to the West because 489 00:30:27,839 --> 00:30:30,640 I'd like to ask one question of you n Mask 490 00:30:31,160 --> 00:30:34,960 what is his secret to become a successful businessman in 491 00:30:35,119 --> 00:30:39,319 the space industry, and then coming back to Russia to 492 00:30:39,400 --> 00:30:41,279 tell Russian businessman there. 493 00:30:41,319 --> 00:30:44,240 Speaker 3: Is a way to become a taikoon and space industry. 494 00:30:46,759 --> 00:30:52,880 Speaker 7: So seriously speaking, I'd like to ask you when you 495 00:30:52,960 --> 00:30:56,160 started your business, was the government your partner? Was it 496 00:30:56,359 --> 00:31:01,079 useful in what areas? And so there are always two 497 00:31:01,119 --> 00:31:05,880 sides on is it going? Sure as they there were 498 00:31:06,039 --> 00:31:11,240 times when you had to fight to bureaucracy, thank you sure? 499 00:31:11,759 --> 00:31:18,000 Speaker 2: Well, well, I should say with respect to starting a 500 00:31:18,079 --> 00:31:21,880 space business, it's definitely not the easiest environment to start 501 00:31:21,920 --> 00:31:25,200 a business. And I think if most people were to 502 00:31:25,279 --> 00:31:29,640 rank order what's the highest retinent investment, I mean, space 503 00:31:29,680 --> 00:31:34,279 would not be very good. I mean it's I'm very 504 00:31:34,359 --> 00:31:36,559 pro space, so it's like I you know, but it's 505 00:31:38,319 --> 00:31:41,000 I mean, that's just true that like if you you know, 506 00:31:41,160 --> 00:31:44,880 start a hedge fund, or if you're like many other industries, 507 00:31:45,920 --> 00:31:48,599 then it's much easier to make money than the space industry. 508 00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:50,839 This is not the easiest one to make money. And 509 00:31:52,920 --> 00:32:06,680 it's yeah, car industry also quite difficult. So so the 510 00:32:07,480 --> 00:32:11,200 ifact I mean when starting SpaceX, the the joke I 511 00:32:11,279 --> 00:32:14,279 heard the jokes this joke so often it was ridiculous. 512 00:32:15,640 --> 00:32:17,400 The joke was how do you make a small portion 513 00:32:17,559 --> 00:32:20,200 in the space industry, and the punch line, of course 514 00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:30,240 being started with a large one. Yeah, And I got 515 00:32:30,240 --> 00:32:32,119 to a point I heard the joke so many times 516 00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:34,200 that I would just get to the punchline and say like, well, 517 00:32:34,200 --> 00:32:35,880 I wanted to figure out how to turn a large fortune, 518 00:32:35,960 --> 00:32:36,359 just more one. 519 00:32:36,480 --> 00:32:38,799 Speaker 3: That was my goal, And they're like, wow, how did 520 00:32:38,839 --> 00:32:39,200 you know that? 521 00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:46,119 Speaker 2: So yeah, I mean I do think there's that there 522 00:32:46,200 --> 00:32:48,519 is an opportunity in space, but but it is, it's 523 00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:52,960 it's it's it's tough going. I think if but I 524 00:32:53,039 --> 00:32:56,480 think if if, if SpaceX and other companies can can 525 00:32:57,079 --> 00:33:00,839 lower the cost of transport to orbits and perhaps beyond, 526 00:33:02,079 --> 00:33:05,559 then there's a lot of potential for entrepreneurship at the destination. 527 00:33:06,119 --> 00:33:08,200 I mean you can think of it like the like 528 00:33:08,279 --> 00:33:11,640 the Union Pacific Railway. You know, before there was the 529 00:33:11,720 --> 00:33:15,400 Univercific railway, it was real hard to have commerce between 530 00:33:15,519 --> 00:33:19,200 the West coast and the East coast by wagon or 531 00:33:19,279 --> 00:33:23,480 a really long sailing journey. But once there was the transport, 532 00:33:23,680 --> 00:33:26,240 then there were huge opportunities. And now look at sort 533 00:33:26,240 --> 00:33:29,720 of you know, the California and Washington State and all 534 00:33:29,799 --> 00:33:33,119 the industries that have been created in Silicon Valley and Hollywood. 535 00:33:34,759 --> 00:33:38,319 But you've got to have that fundamental transport element otherwise 536 00:33:38,599 --> 00:33:42,480 there's just it's really tricky. So we're trying to establish 537 00:33:42,599 --> 00:33:46,519 that transport element, make it easier to get to lowerth 538 00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:49,839 orbit and hopefully in the future, make it easier to 539 00:33:49,880 --> 00:33:52,920 get to the Moon or Mars. And I'm an idea 540 00:33:52,960 --> 00:33:55,799 of this long term vasion of like if there was 541 00:33:56,440 --> 00:33:59,240 affordable transport to a place like Mars, I think the 542 00:33:59,440 --> 00:34:02,680 entrepreneurial opportunities would be phenomenal, you know, because there'd be 543 00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:06,240 people that would want to create everything from the first 544 00:34:06,400 --> 00:34:09,360 pizza joint to the first iron ore factory. To be 545 00:34:09,519 --> 00:34:12,599 like just an enormous amount of opportunity for people to 546 00:34:12,679 --> 00:34:16,000 create things on Mars. And that'd be different things on Mars. 547 00:34:16,079 --> 00:34:17,400 Some of the things on Mars will be different they 548 00:34:17,400 --> 00:34:20,920 wouldn't even imagine on Earth. It would be very exciting. 549 00:34:22,480 --> 00:34:26,719 So I think that's that's really key to making things 550 00:34:27,199 --> 00:34:30,599 happen in space is you've got to have someplace. You've 551 00:34:30,599 --> 00:34:32,239 gotta have some place to go in some place in 552 00:34:32,320 --> 00:34:33,119 some way to get there. 553 00:34:34,800 --> 00:34:39,280 Speaker 1: So so along those lines, did you read Andy Weare's 554 00:34:39,280 --> 00:34:40,519 book The Marshal? 555 00:34:40,880 --> 00:34:41,679 Speaker 3: Yeah? Yeah, it was good. 556 00:34:41,840 --> 00:34:43,639 Speaker 1: What did you think I thought it was. 557 00:34:43,719 --> 00:34:45,440 Speaker 2: It was pretty excellent, certainly one of the more most 558 00:34:45,480 --> 00:34:49,280 realistic books on Mars that that I've read. I mean, like, 559 00:34:49,320 --> 00:34:51,119 there were a few things, like the wind force on 560 00:34:51,199 --> 00:34:56,079 Mars is not really that high. It's not going to 561 00:34:56,119 --> 00:35:00,519 knock you over or anything. It's high obviously high velocity, 562 00:35:00,599 --> 00:35:04,079 but low force. But overall I thought it was pretty cool. 563 00:35:04,079 --> 00:35:06,320 And apparently it's been made into a movie and everything. 564 00:35:06,599 --> 00:35:09,320 Speaker 1: So you don't have a cameo on that one too. 565 00:35:09,440 --> 00:35:11,559 Speaker 3: I don't have a cameo on that one. I'm a 566 00:35:11,599 --> 00:35:13,519 little worried that it might not make people too keen 567 00:35:13,599 --> 00:35:20,039 on going to Mars like this, this looks really hard. 568 00:35:23,039 --> 00:35:24,679 Speaker 2: I think we need to show about how Mas is 569 00:35:24,719 --> 00:35:26,519 awesome and it's like the wild West and you got 570 00:35:26,519 --> 00:35:29,039 the gunslingers and like the cool cowboys. 571 00:35:28,599 --> 00:35:29,280 Speaker 3: And that kind of thing. 572 00:35:31,159 --> 00:35:32,679 Speaker 1: All right, maybe you got to write a book too. 573 00:35:32,840 --> 00:35:34,199 Let's either's a question over here. 574 00:35:36,239 --> 00:35:38,920 Speaker 8: Hi there, my name is Anita Goel. I'm here at 575 00:35:39,599 --> 00:35:41,719 out of Harvard and MIT. You run a company called 576 00:35:41,800 --> 00:35:47,039 Nanobiosim so in your vision and dream to achieve low 577 00:35:47,159 --> 00:35:51,079 cost space travel. How do you allocate your investments between 578 00:35:51,559 --> 00:35:56,599 engineering and essentially driving down the cost of existing technology 579 00:35:56,760 --> 00:36:02,039 versus investing in new breakthrough physics things like breakthrough propulsion 580 00:36:02,079 --> 00:36:05,840 physics anti gravity. What's your vision in the bifurcation of 581 00:36:05,920 --> 00:36:07,760 those two kinds of portfolios. 582 00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:11,159 Speaker 2: Well, we don't spend a ton of time on new physics. 583 00:36:12,679 --> 00:36:16,239 I mean the I I think with g with current physics, 584 00:36:17,159 --> 00:36:22,559 this this huge potential. So rather than rely on a breakthrough, 585 00:36:23,159 --> 00:36:26,000 which we you know, really it's difficult to envision what 586 00:36:26,119 --> 00:36:31,559 that breakthrough would exactly be, or even I and exactly 587 00:36:31,679 --> 00:36:37,280 be the w I I'm quite confident that with what 588 00:36:37,440 --> 00:36:40,119 we know of current physics, sort of just going with 589 00:36:40,280 --> 00:36:42,079 the kind of you know, where the standard model of 590 00:36:42,079 --> 00:36:45,800 physics is today, that there are dramatic improvements possible. 591 00:36:45,639 --> 00:36:46,880 Speaker 3: In space light. 592 00:36:48,559 --> 00:36:52,280 Speaker 2: And I think with the you know, simply with with Falcon, iine, 593 00:36:52,280 --> 00:36:55,119 I think we make improvements. And then with our next 594 00:36:55,199 --> 00:36:58,320 generation rocket system, which is still you know, many years away, 595 00:36:59,079 --> 00:37:05,039 that'll be a a deep cryo METHALOCKX system, I think 596 00:37:05,400 --> 00:37:09,400 I think we can achieve full reusability and that that's 597 00:37:09,480 --> 00:37:13,920 really that's a that's a huge potential for w you 598 00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:16,960 know it, like maybe a two order of magnitude reduction 599 00:37:17,519 --> 00:37:22,840 in the cost of spaceline. So as far as R 600 00:37:22,880 --> 00:37:26,239 and D is concerned, like we we we we we 601 00:37:26,440 --> 00:37:29,800 we hire great engineers as fast as we can find them. 602 00:37:31,199 --> 00:37:33,840 So it's like the it's not that easy to find, 603 00:37:34,280 --> 00:37:36,000 but I should say great issue is with the sort 604 00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:37,719 of like the right mindset and everything. 605 00:37:39,920 --> 00:37:41,000 Speaker 3: We we hire at the at. 606 00:37:40,960 --> 00:37:43,599 Speaker 2: The maximum rate that we can find people that we 607 00:37:43,679 --> 00:37:46,239 think would would really be an asset to the team. 608 00:37:47,000 --> 00:37:51,280 Speaker 3: So there's no limitation on the Okay, we're here. Hi. 609 00:37:51,360 --> 00:37:54,039 Speaker 4: My name is Zachary Maltson, a student from uh Babson College. 610 00:37:54,119 --> 00:37:55,480 I just wanna say it's an honor to be here. 611 00:37:56,199 --> 00:37:58,880 I read Ashley Nancy's biography about you. One thing that 612 00:37:58,960 --> 00:38:01,840 really was intriguing to me was the super Draco engine 613 00:38:01,880 --> 00:38:04,199 for the Dragon V two that was used to printed 614 00:38:04,239 --> 00:38:06,960 out of three D technology to the vision using that 615 00:38:07,079 --> 00:38:09,920 technology more in the future and when you first splace 616 00:38:09,960 --> 00:38:13,039 exploration and do you think they'll how about affect the 617 00:38:13,079 --> 00:38:15,840 costs in terms of getting to Mars everything like that. 618 00:38:17,039 --> 00:38:17,239 Speaker 3: Yeah. 619 00:38:17,320 --> 00:38:20,559 Speaker 2: Absolutely, So, as you lud to, we we we actually 620 00:38:20,639 --> 00:38:24,840 print the super Draco engines so that they're printed out 621 00:38:24,880 --> 00:38:29,800 of titanum in a canal, and and that actually allows 622 00:38:29,880 --> 00:38:35,280 us to reduce the cost of those engines quite a bit, 623 00:38:35,840 --> 00:38:40,320 in particular because we can print integral cooling channels. So 624 00:38:40,440 --> 00:38:43,639 when you've got an hour glass chamber and you've got 625 00:38:43,800 --> 00:38:46,960 cooling channels in the wall of the chamber, where the 626 00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:50,519 whole wall consists of cooling channels, it's only quite difficult 627 00:38:50,599 --> 00:38:51,400 to create that. 628 00:38:52,880 --> 00:38:54,320 Speaker 3: Thrust chamber and nozzle. 629 00:38:55,480 --> 00:38:57,559 Speaker 2: Because you've got to create an inner jacket outer jacket 630 00:38:57,719 --> 00:39:00,840 kind of machine the inner jacket it's and then raise 631 00:39:00,880 --> 00:39:04,000 the whole thing together. It's real pain, and you've got 632 00:39:04,039 --> 00:39:06,360 a bunch of joints in there to make it all work. 633 00:39:06,880 --> 00:39:09,440 So with printing, you can print something that you can't 634 00:39:09,519 --> 00:39:11,840 make by any other means, so it actually ends up 635 00:39:11,840 --> 00:39:14,880 being lighter and cheaper than if we're built it by 636 00:39:14,920 --> 00:39:20,239 traditional methods. For our next generation engine, the which we 637 00:39:20,320 --> 00:39:22,920 call the the Raptor, which which has mentioned is sort 638 00:39:22,960 --> 00:39:26,719 of a it's it's a s it's a deep cryo methologus. 639 00:39:26,840 --> 00:39:29,360 So what I'm mean by that is the the methane 640 00:39:29,400 --> 00:39:33,400 and oxygen are cool to close to their freezing points, 641 00:39:33,440 --> 00:39:35,400 so not not far from the freezing point as opposed 642 00:39:35,400 --> 00:39:39,159 to close to their walling point, which is more which. 643 00:39:39,000 --> 00:39:39,800 Speaker 3: Is normally the case. 644 00:39:40,559 --> 00:39:46,199 Speaker 2: Uh the uh, you know w with that engine. Uh, 645 00:39:46,239 --> 00:39:48,559 we're trying to print as much as possible. It's it's 646 00:39:48,599 --> 00:39:51,639 a bit the The biggest limitation on free printing right 647 00:39:51,679 --> 00:39:54,840 now is the the size envelope. So there's a limit 648 00:39:54,920 --> 00:39:58,639 on how big we can print something. But we're able 649 00:39:58,719 --> 00:40:02,360 to print the the turbopump components and much of the 650 00:40:02,440 --> 00:40:05,039 injected not the whole thing, but many of the critical 651 00:40:05,119 --> 00:40:09,199 parts we can print, so that actually helps us in 652 00:40:09,280 --> 00:40:11,880 speeding up the development. So instead of waiting to pull 653 00:40:12,000 --> 00:40:16,639 castings to be developed, which can take several months, and 654 00:40:16,719 --> 00:40:18,559 then if the casting is wrong, you've got to iterate 655 00:40:18,639 --> 00:40:21,639 in the casting, and each iteration we can take several months. 656 00:40:22,719 --> 00:40:24,360 With printing, we can have. 657 00:40:24,400 --> 00:40:26,800 Speaker 3: Those iterations can be reduced to a matter of weeks 658 00:40:26,880 --> 00:40:30,159 or months, so that that actually helps with the speed 659 00:40:30,199 --> 00:40:38,880 of developments as well. See are we here? Hi? 660 00:40:39,159 --> 00:40:41,760 Speaker 9: I'm Ross Spungehock with a company called High Orbit. I 661 00:40:41,840 --> 00:40:43,519 wondered if you'd give it could give us a little 662 00:40:43,519 --> 00:40:45,519 bit of an update on what's going on with the 663 00:40:45,599 --> 00:40:48,360 hyper loop and is there any overlap between the worker 664 00:40:48,440 --> 00:40:50,719 doom of SpaceX and hyper loop technology. 665 00:40:52,320 --> 00:40:53,920 Speaker 3: Yeah, SpaceX is not. 666 00:40:55,079 --> 00:40:57,159 Speaker 2: Neither I nor SpaceX are doing anything to try to 667 00:40:57,199 --> 00:41:01,119 commercialize the hype loop. There are two, I think at 668 00:41:01,199 --> 00:41:04,039 least two, maybe more than two companies that have formed 669 00:41:04,119 --> 00:41:07,360 that are completely independent of me or SpaceX that are 670 00:41:07,480 --> 00:41:11,400 working towards commercializing the high loop technology or high bloop 671 00:41:11,440 --> 00:41:16,920 idea or design. What what SpaceX is doing is We're 672 00:41:17,440 --> 00:41:22,039 going to just create a little student competition for for 673 00:41:22,199 --> 00:41:25,440 higher loop ideas, so kind of like around the way 674 00:41:25,480 --> 00:41:30,159 that Formula SAE works, where students can come up with 675 00:41:30,199 --> 00:41:32,440 a design and compete against each other to design the 676 00:41:32,519 --> 00:41:35,360 best pod. So what what SpaceX will do is just 677 00:41:35,440 --> 00:41:41,920 construct about a mile long uh low pressure tube near 678 00:41:42,079 --> 00:41:47,360 nearly vacuum tube basically in which students can kind of 679 00:41:47,440 --> 00:41:54,639 raise their pods. So it's just basically to support get 680 00:41:54,719 --> 00:41:58,920 get students excited about engineering. That's the That's the only 681 00:41:58,960 --> 00:42:02,239 involvement of SpaceX myself with the hyperlib at this point. 682 00:42:04,480 --> 00:42:09,400 Speaker 10: Okay, ok here, Well, I'm Paula Kastagno, mus sociologist, and 683 00:42:09,480 --> 00:42:13,280 I'm writing a book about the International Space Station. How 684 00:42:13,320 --> 00:42:16,800 would you describe the scientific value of the International Space 685 00:42:16,840 --> 00:42:20,039 Station and where would you draw the line between luxury 686 00:42:20,199 --> 00:42:22,320 and need when it comes to space exploration. 687 00:42:25,360 --> 00:42:28,519 Speaker 2: Well, I mean for space I mean I really spend 688 00:42:29,039 --> 00:42:31,639 all of my time thinking about just how to get 689 00:42:31,719 --> 00:42:32,639 to the space station. 690 00:42:33,760 --> 00:42:35,559 Speaker 3: To be honest, I've I. 691 00:42:37,719 --> 00:42:40,320 Speaker 2: I actually hadn't even really seen a proper movie of 692 00:42:40,480 --> 00:42:42,239 the inside of the space station until I went to 693 00:42:42,320 --> 00:42:45,360 see the preview of the new Imax thing that's coming out. 694 00:42:45,880 --> 00:42:49,880 And it's amazing, Like when that Space Station Imax movie 695 00:42:49,920 --> 00:42:51,320 comes out, people are gonna have blown away. 696 00:42:51,360 --> 00:42:51,880 Speaker 3: It's awesome. 697 00:42:54,360 --> 00:42:57,880 Speaker 2: I actually brought my whole team at SpaceX to go 698 00:42:59,119 --> 00:43:03,559 see the preview of the of the IMAX movie. And 699 00:43:04,880 --> 00:43:08,840 I mean, it's a It is a very unique laboratory 700 00:43:09,599 --> 00:43:13,000 because this is the only thing that's in sort of microgravity, 701 00:43:14,320 --> 00:43:18,800 that's above the Earth's atmosphere, and you can learn a 702 00:43:18,840 --> 00:43:23,440 lot about basically human physiology, uh and do experiments that 703 00:43:23,519 --> 00:43:29,320 you can't really do an any other lab, and you know, 704 00:43:29,800 --> 00:43:31,840 and you can have to bring scientists up and they 705 00:43:31,880 --> 00:43:34,360 can actually work in this incredibly unique lab. 706 00:43:34,480 --> 00:43:37,800 Speaker 3: So I think that there's a lot to be gained there. 707 00:43:39,679 --> 00:43:43,519 Speaker 2: And and I think it's just you can't sort of, 708 00:43:44,519 --> 00:43:47,079 you know, ignore the coolness factor of it, Like that's 709 00:43:47,800 --> 00:43:49,039 like people think it's pretty cool. 710 00:43:49,599 --> 00:43:51,440 Speaker 3: So I think it's pretty cool. 711 00:43:53,840 --> 00:43:57,559 Speaker 2: And you know, the public want to have something going 712 00:43:57,599 --> 00:44:04,800 on in space that that involves people, and yeah, and 713 00:44:04,920 --> 00:44:08,440 it's it's just it's the coolest thing going on in space. 714 00:44:08,519 --> 00:44:10,519 Speaker 3: So there's a lot of valute that. 715 00:44:12,960 --> 00:44:19,519 Speaker 1: You know, we've tried to to sells the wrong word. 716 00:44:19,599 --> 00:44:21,800 It's the word we use, but sells really the wrong word. 717 00:44:22,119 --> 00:44:24,920 We're trying to get people to recognize that there's a 718 00:44:24,960 --> 00:44:28,480 platform in Lowers orbit and that this is important. What's 719 00:44:28,639 --> 00:44:33,239 done in Lower's orbit has benefit to those of us 720 00:44:33,320 --> 00:44:35,840 on Earth that will never actually go to space. But 721 00:44:36,679 --> 00:44:39,480 in doing that, you're trying to get their interest level, 722 00:44:39,559 --> 00:44:41,599 and part of their interest level is the cool factor 723 00:44:41,679 --> 00:44:45,159 that you talked about. And I've always kind of struggled 724 00:44:45,199 --> 00:44:50,079 with that being sort of black and white. I understand 725 00:44:50,119 --> 00:44:52,599 the purpose in my head, that's why I joined NASA, right, 726 00:44:52,760 --> 00:44:55,440 But over the years, this is one of the things 727 00:44:55,519 --> 00:44:58,840 that I've started to recognize is important. So my question 728 00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:02,440 to you is, did we I've heard a rumor that 729 00:45:02,679 --> 00:45:04,840 for the suits for commercial crew that you wanted to 730 00:45:04,920 --> 00:45:08,239 play and role in that and so is that true? 731 00:45:08,320 --> 00:45:11,800 And and is there some reason behind the design of 732 00:45:11,880 --> 00:45:13,840 the suit that you want to personally be involved in 733 00:45:14,000 --> 00:45:15,440 other than cruise safety. 734 00:45:16,719 --> 00:45:16,920 Speaker 3: Yeah. 735 00:45:16,960 --> 00:45:20,760 Speaker 2: I think we've actually spent a lot of effort on 736 00:45:21,559 --> 00:45:26,719 the space suit design, on the both the functionality and 737 00:45:26,800 --> 00:45:31,320 the aesthetics. But I think just just getting it's actually 738 00:45:31,360 --> 00:45:34,079 really hard because if you just sort of optimize functionality, 739 00:45:34,440 --> 00:45:36,880 it's one thing. If you optimize for aesthetics, it doesn't work, 740 00:45:39,440 --> 00:45:44,599 Like you know, there's things that they don't work. So 741 00:45:46,119 --> 00:45:49,599 the so it's like, okay, how do we make something 742 00:45:49,639 --> 00:45:54,480 that looks cool, antworks and with with with a key 743 00:45:55,960 --> 00:45:59,920 goal here of being being that you know, when people's 744 00:46:00,039 --> 00:46:03,280 see that spaceically, they want them to think, yeah, I 745 00:46:03,320 --> 00:46:04,519 want to wear that thing one day. 746 00:46:04,800 --> 00:46:10,159 Speaker 3: Yeah, that looks awesome. So that that's that's the reason 747 00:46:10,199 --> 00:46:10,360 for it. 748 00:46:11,079 --> 00:46:13,480 Speaker 1: Very good. Let's see, we'll do a couple more questions 749 00:46:13,559 --> 00:46:17,119 and then let's let's can we get back in the 750 00:46:17,199 --> 00:46:19,039 back here or do we have somebody else here already 751 00:46:19,079 --> 00:46:21,199 with the microphone? All right, go ahead, thank you. 752 00:46:23,760 --> 00:46:27,360 Speaker 5: I'm Alex Pearlman. I'm with Boston Magazine and I'm writing 753 00:46:27,400 --> 00:46:30,559 for Advice today. I was hoping that you could give 754 00:46:30,599 --> 00:46:32,519 us a little bit of an update on the most 755 00:46:32,679 --> 00:46:37,039 recent news with the idea of putting satellites to provide 756 00:46:37,079 --> 00:46:40,639 Internet to developing countries and unconnected people. 757 00:46:40,920 --> 00:46:43,039 Speaker 3: Thanks. Sure. 758 00:46:43,239 --> 00:46:47,280 Speaker 2: So we're still at the early stages of it's sort 759 00:46:47,320 --> 00:46:53,639 of a big LEO constellation communication idea, and we're hopeful, 760 00:46:53,800 --> 00:46:56,840 hopefully going to launch get a test satellite next year 761 00:46:59,039 --> 00:47:01,920 and what I I think the long term potential of 762 00:47:02,000 --> 00:47:04,360 it is pretty pretty great. But I don't want to 763 00:47:05,840 --> 00:47:10,280 overplay or overstate, you know, things quite you know this, 764 00:47:10,880 --> 00:47:12,679 you know, or any stage of the game really. But 765 00:47:13,440 --> 00:47:17,480 the long term goal is to create a comprehensive global 766 00:47:17,719 --> 00:47:24,239 communication system that's that provides high bandwidth, low latency connectivity 767 00:47:24,239 --> 00:47:28,519 anywhere in the world and provides cross links through the 768 00:47:28,599 --> 00:47:33,760 satellites so that you can have improved long distance Internet. 769 00:47:35,079 --> 00:47:35,840 Speaker 3: It's one of the things that. 770 00:47:36,960 --> 00:47:38,960 Speaker 2: Sort of your lize when you look at this is 771 00:47:39,800 --> 00:47:45,719 that you can actually have a more direct path through 772 00:47:45,800 --> 00:47:49,599 space and you can and photons move faster. I mean, 773 00:47:49,800 --> 00:47:54,000 depending upon what fiber optic material they're running through, photons 774 00:47:54,000 --> 00:47:59,320 actually move about forty to fifty percent faster in vacuum 775 00:47:59,360 --> 00:48:04,519 than they do in fiber optic cables. And if you 776 00:48:04,559 --> 00:48:06,559 look at the way that the fiber optic cables go, 777 00:48:07,440 --> 00:48:10,079 they trace the outlines of the continents and they go 778 00:48:10,239 --> 00:48:13,320 through many repeaters and routers and everything. So if you 779 00:48:13,400 --> 00:48:16,559 want to say, communicate from a server in California to 780 00:48:16,639 --> 00:48:19,960 one in South Africa, it's a very very long route 781 00:48:20,280 --> 00:48:24,960 and sort of very roundabout path, and it's a high latency, 782 00:48:25,559 --> 00:48:29,559 low photonic speed, and you could actually have that communication 783 00:48:29,719 --> 00:48:34,440 be quite a bit faster if it's in space. So 784 00:48:34,519 --> 00:48:36,719 I think there's there's the potential for for doing a 785 00:48:36,760 --> 00:48:39,679 fair bit of long distance UH Internet activity as well 786 00:48:39,719 --> 00:48:40,760 as providing. 787 00:48:42,119 --> 00:48:42,920 Speaker 3: Bandwidth broadly. 788 00:48:44,880 --> 00:48:47,000 Speaker 2: But it's also worth saying that a lot of companies 789 00:48:47,119 --> 00:48:50,559 have UH tried this and kind of broken their pick 790 00:48:50,639 --> 00:48:54,760 on it, and I think we want to be really 791 00:48:54,800 --> 00:48:59,039 careful about how we delivered, about trying to make this 792 00:48:59,679 --> 00:49:04,480 thing work and not not overextend ourselves. So we're being 793 00:49:04,559 --> 00:49:06,599 s We're being, you know, fairly careful about it. But 794 00:49:06,760 --> 00:49:09,760 I I do think this is something that should be 795 00:49:09,800 --> 00:49:18,039 built and would be quite good to have. Well in 796 00:49:18,320 --> 00:49:22,360 our case, the the communications technology would be substantially more 797 00:49:22,400 --> 00:49:29,079 advanced in the past with say attemps like teledesic. The 798 00:49:29,320 --> 00:49:34,599 the the electronics of the day were very low bandwidth, 799 00:49:34,599 --> 00:49:39,079 I mean really analog or barely digital, and they weren't 800 00:49:39,239 --> 00:49:43,000 very high bandwidth. So she said it really didn't compete 801 00:49:43,039 --> 00:49:46,800 with stage with terrestrial phones. In the case of telogies, 802 00:49:46,880 --> 00:49:49,519 they were looking to compete with or or to address 803 00:49:49,719 --> 00:49:53,360 cellular needs. That the system we're talking about would not 804 00:49:53,440 --> 00:49:56,480 attempt to compete with cellular needs. So for example, it 805 00:49:56,519 --> 00:49:59,800 wouldn't compete directly with say iridium, which is which w 806 00:50:00,000 --> 00:50:02,840 which can talk directly to a handset. Our system would 807 00:50:02,880 --> 00:50:07,079 seem to would seek to talk to a small user 808 00:50:07,199 --> 00:50:09,880 terminal that's about the size of a pizza box. 809 00:50:11,400 --> 00:50:16,559 Speaker 3: Or much like you know current dishes that are the 810 00:50:16,679 --> 00:50:17,440 satellite dishes. 811 00:50:17,519 --> 00:50:19,840 Speaker 2: But it will be flat because we have faced ray 812 00:50:19,840 --> 00:50:23,800 antenna that's tracking the satellites. But you could mount it 813 00:50:23,840 --> 00:50:26,519 in a window or just anywhere outside as long as 814 00:50:26,559 --> 00:50:28,239 you can see the sky, it would work. 815 00:50:30,519 --> 00:50:32,679 Speaker 1: See back here, we'll take our last question back here. 816 00:50:32,960 --> 00:50:35,440 Speaker 11: Hey Elon, thanks for coming out. I would like to 817 00:50:35,480 --> 00:50:38,760 show you we brought a virtual reality camera here to 818 00:50:38,840 --> 00:50:43,840 record for the first time. We have a small start 819 00:50:43,920 --> 00:50:46,760 up in San Francisco called Space VR, and we believe 820 00:50:46,800 --> 00:50:51,119 that virtual reality is the future of space exploration because 821 00:50:51,159 --> 00:50:53,559 you can put people on the very cutting, the very 822 00:50:53,679 --> 00:50:58,079 front of every every exploration mission. Is that something that 823 00:50:58,119 --> 00:50:59,880 you've given much thought or have any opinions on? 824 00:51:01,639 --> 00:51:06,199 Speaker 2: Well, I've I've gone, I've perceived the vircual reality demos 825 00:51:06,360 --> 00:51:10,159 at uh Oculus and at Valve, and it's pretty impressive. 826 00:51:12,079 --> 00:51:14,159 You can sort of imagine if that's extra late into 827 00:51:14,199 --> 00:51:17,239 the future, it's really gonna super feel like you're there. 828 00:51:18,679 --> 00:51:20,519 And I wonder if some people are never gonna wanna 829 00:51:20,559 --> 00:51:25,599 take that all honestly, you know, it's like it's pretty 830 00:51:27,119 --> 00:51:32,079 I mean it, it's pretty entrancing. But I I I 831 00:51:32,119 --> 00:51:33,719 do think it'd be quite exciting to do that for 832 00:51:33,760 --> 00:51:36,440 a space as well. Yeah do you do you have 833 00:51:36,559 --> 00:51:37,119 a set up here? 834 00:51:37,760 --> 00:51:51,880 Speaker 3: Yeah? Okay, it's right there. Wow, Okay, yeah cool? Okay, 835 00:51:53,639 --> 00:51:56,119 w where are you based in? W Where? But where 836 00:51:56,159 --> 00:51:58,760 you based? Okay? 837 00:52:00,679 --> 00:52:02,920 Speaker 2: I think maybe today is going to be tricky. But 838 00:52:04,960 --> 00:52:08,159 but but maybe if since you're based in California, I 839 00:52:08,199 --> 00:52:12,239 could we could range something, you know, in the coming weeks. 840 00:52:13,320 --> 00:52:17,320 Speaker 1: All right, let's see elon we'll uh, we'll call it 841 00:52:17,440 --> 00:52:22,559 a conference. I wanted to first thank you very much. 842 00:52:22,599 --> 00:52:26,239 You've been very genius with your time and we you 843 00:52:26,320 --> 00:52:28,159 know from the moment I called you, you were all in. 844 00:52:28,960 --> 00:52:33,599 And uh, it's really this open conversation and your your 845 00:52:33,679 --> 00:52:36,800 thoughts on on the on what's in front of us 846 00:52:36,920 --> 00:52:39,800 that really excites us all in this room. So thank 847 00:52:39,800 --> 00:52:41,679 you very much for your time. We really appreciate it. 848 00:52:42,119 --> 00:52:42,880 Speaker 3: Thank you, thanks a. 849 00:52:46,800 --> 00:52:54,199 Speaker 1: Thanks, thanks for listening. 850 00:52:54,440 --> 00:52:55,840 Speaker 3: See you in the next episode.