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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Spotlight Advanced. I'm Jillian Woodward.

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<v Speaker 2>And I'm Roger Basick. Spotlight Advanced uses a special English

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<v Speaker 2>method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand

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<v Speaker 2>no matter where in the world they live.

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<v Speaker 1>The mechanical shark did not work. It was built with

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<v Speaker 1>gears and bars inside its body. It sank to the

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<v Speaker 1>bottom of the ocean. The crew could not do their

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<v Speaker 1>work without it. The film was about the shark. The

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<v Speaker 1>director needed to finish quickly. The film studio was waiting.

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<v Speaker 1>No one thought they could make this film. No one

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<v Speaker 1>knew what to do, but the young director had an idea.

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<v Speaker 1>He was about to change the film industry.

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<v Speaker 2>Today's Spotlight Advanced looks at the powerful impact of two

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<v Speaker 2>films directed by Stephen Spielberg. He has made more than

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<v Speaker 2>thirty six films in his career, but these two films

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<v Speaker 2>were the most important. These films influenced other filmmakers. These

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<v Speaker 2>films changed decisions made by film studios. Many now consider

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<v Speaker 2>Spielberg the greatest director ever.

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<v Speaker 1>It started in nineteen seventy five with the film Jaws.

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<v Speaker 1>Spielberg had made a few other small films before Jaws,

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<v Speaker 1>but these other films did not make much money. If

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<v Speaker 1>Jaws did not sell many tickets, Spielberg's career might be over.

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<v Speaker 1>Film studios would not trust him to make any more films.

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<v Speaker 1>He needed success.

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<v Speaker 2>Jaws is about a great white shark. The shark attacks

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<v Speaker 2>swimmers off the coast of Massachusetts in the United States.

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<v Speaker 2>Spielberg had a mechanical shark made for the film, but

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<v Speaker 2>they had only tested it in fresh water. The water

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<v Speaker 2>off the coast of Massachusetts is salty. When they put

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<v Speaker 2>the shark in this salty water, it sank. The salt

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<v Speaker 2>damaged the gears inside the shark. The shark was not

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<v Speaker 2>ready to be used in the film.

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<v Speaker 1>Spielberg needed to save his film. He decided to use

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<v Speaker 1>the problem with the shark to his advantage. In Jaws,

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<v Speaker 1>he waited to reveal the shark. He only hinted at

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<v Speaker 1>its presence. This heightened the feeling of terror. He filmed

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<v Speaker 1>underwater shots from the point of view of the shark

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<v Speaker 1>as it hunted. He showed only the shark's tail poking

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<v Speaker 1>out of the water in a few scenes. The longer

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<v Speaker 1>the audience did not see a full view of the shark,

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<v Speaker 1>the more their fear grew. It also gave Spielberg and

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<v Speaker 1>his crew time to fix the shark. They could use

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<v Speaker 1>the shark in the film's later scenes.

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<v Speaker 2>Jaws was a huge success. People from all over the

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<v Speaker 2>world saw the film. Newspaper reviewers said it was wonderful.

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<v Speaker 2>The movie made four hundred and seventy million dollars in

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<v Speaker 2>ticket sales. It made more money than any other film

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<v Speaker 2>before It created the summer blockbuster. This is a term

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<v Speaker 2>given to successful movies in the summer. Before Jaws, not

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<v Speaker 2>many people went to theaters in the summer, but Jaws

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<v Speaker 2>proved summer films could be very popular. Many studios started

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<v Speaker 2>releasing films at the beginning of each summer. Jaws was

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<v Speaker 2>so successful that the studio made three sequels. A sequel

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<v Speaker 2>is a story that continues from a previous one. All

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<v Speaker 2>of the Jaws films made a total of eight hundred

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<v Speaker 2>million dollars.

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<v Speaker 1>Jaws influenced many other excellent films, but it also made

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<v Speaker 1>a different kind of impact. Spielberg used many clever and

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<v Speaker 1>creative techniques as a director, but most people focused on

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<v Speaker 1>how much money Jaws made. Spielberg's success with the Jaws

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<v Speaker 1>movies helped his friend, director George Lucas make the film

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<v Speaker 1>Star Wars. The first Star Wars movie was a huge success.

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<v Speaker 1>The Star Wars films became another global franchise. A franchise

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<v Speaker 1>is a collection of films with the same group of

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<v Speaker 1>characters and story. A franchise also includes the games, television shows, toys,

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<v Speaker 1>and clothing connected to these characters and their story. The

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<v Speaker 1>Star Wars franchise made over ten billion dollars.

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<v Speaker 2>No one had seen this kind of financial success in

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<v Speaker 2>films before Steelberg. It changed how film studios viewed possible

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<v Speaker 2>new projects. This made many directors, writers and actors upset

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<v Speaker 2>with Spielberg. They felt limited in what they could create.

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<v Speaker 2>Film studios rejected many projects because studios did not think

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<v Speaker 2>these other film projects could make much money. The quality

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<v Speaker 2>of scripts and stories suffered. Writer Daniel Dakery said.

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<v Speaker 3>In fact, some say jaws huge success ruined Hollywood. It

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<v Speaker 3>pushed studios away from artistic projects. Now few things matter

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<v Speaker 3>more than opening weekend numbers, advertising and summer blockbuster season.

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<v Speaker 1>Spielberg continued to make very successful movies. Several of his films,

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<v Speaker 1>such as e T The Extraterrestrial, Indiana, Jones and The

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<v Speaker 1>Raiders of the Lost Arc and Jurassic Park were incredibly popular,

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<v Speaker 1>Spielberg made many sequels over the next forty years. These

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<v Speaker 1>franchises sold toys, video games, and clothing related to these films.

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<v Speaker 2>Other film studios wanted to make as much money they

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<v Speaker 2>wanted franchises. A franchise meant that studios could make sequels,

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<v Speaker 2>They could sell merchandise. They could even create amusement park attractions,

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<v Speaker 2>video games, comic books, and television series. Studios could also

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<v Speaker 2>re release earlier films to celebrate the franchise's newest film.

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<v Speaker 2>A franchise makes much more money than just one film.

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<v Speaker 2>The Jurassic Park franchise made over six billion dollars. The

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<v Speaker 2>Indiana Jones franchise made over two billion dollars.

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<v Speaker 1>But Spielberg was more than a director who made blockbuster

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<v Speaker 1>movies that started franchises. He could do more than make

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<v Speaker 1>a lot of money. He was an artist. Nearly twenty

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<v Speaker 1>years after he made Jaws, released a new film. This

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<v Speaker 1>film showed the world he was one of the greatest

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<v Speaker 1>directors ever. Many people called it his best film. The

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<v Speaker 1>American Film Institute named it the eighth greatest film ever made.

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<v Speaker 1>The United States National Film Registry chose it for special

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<v Speaker 1>preservation in two thousand and four, the United States Library

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<v Speaker 1>of Congress officially declared it historically and culturally significant. It

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<v Speaker 1>is the film Schindler's List.

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<v Speaker 2>Schindler's List was based on a true story. During World

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<v Speaker 2>War II, Nazi Germany tried to kill all the Jewish

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<v Speaker 2>people in Europe. This was called the Holocaust, but not

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<v Speaker 2>all Germans agreed with the Holocaust. Oscar Schindler was a businessman.

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<v Speaker 2>He saved many Jews by hiring them to work for him.

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<v Speaker 2>This helped keep them from being sent away to be killed.

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<v Speaker 1>The movie was a success commercially, it made more than

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<v Speaker 1>three hundred and twenty million dollars. But this time, Spielberg

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<v Speaker 1>also received praise from film reviewers. They loved his storytelling.

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<v Speaker 1>They praised his choice to film in black and white

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<v Speaker 1>with only symbolic use of color. This choice fit the

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<v Speaker 1>film's serious attitude. Film writer Richard Props said.

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<v Speaker 4>It is Spielberg's finest work. I doubt he will make

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<v Speaker 4>another as great. Schindler's List is more than a film.

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<v Speaker 4>It is a life experience of great depth and beauty

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<v Speaker 4>and greatness.

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<v Speaker 2>Schindler's List won the Academy Award for Best Picture, the

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<v Speaker 2>highest honor for a film. Spielberg also won the Academy

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<v Speaker 2>Award for Best Director. Spielberg later said he thought it

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<v Speaker 2>was his best film. Schindler's List led to greater understanding

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<v Speaker 2>the Holocaust. It educated audiences about the Nazi plan to

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<v Speaker 2>kill the Jewish people. The film industry now honored Spielberg's

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<v Speaker 2>work with many awards. For this film, he was considered

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<v Speaker 2>the best director in the world.

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<v Speaker 1>Spielberg directed more films after Schindler's List that reviewers and

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<v Speaker 1>audience is respected, such as Saving Private Ryan. He won

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<v Speaker 1>many more awards. His films inspired the next generation of directors.

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<v Speaker 1>He was no longer the young man who needed a

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<v Speaker 1>quick idea to fix his mechanical shark. He was the

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<v Speaker 1>master director with all the great ideas.

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<v Speaker 2>Have you ever seen Jaws or Schindler's List? Have you

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<v Speaker 2>seen any of Steven Spielberg's other films? What's your favorite

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<v Speaker 2>Spielberg film? Leave a comment on our website at www

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<v Speaker 2>dot Spotlight English dot com. You can also find us

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<v Speaker 2>on YouTube, Facebook, TikTok, Blue Sky.

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<v Speaker 3>And x.

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<v Speaker 2>You can also get our programs delivered directly to your

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<v Speaker 2>Android Apple device through our free official Spotlight English app.

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<v Speaker 1>The writer of this program was Peter Anderson. The producer

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<v Speaker 1>was mitchio Ozarki. The voices you heard were from the

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<v Speaker 1>United Kingdom and the United States. All quotes were adapted

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<v Speaker 1>for this program and voiced by Spotlight. This program is

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<v Speaker 1>called Steven Spielberg.

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<v Speaker 2>We hope you can join us again for the next

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<v Speaker 2>Spotlight Advance program. Goodbye,