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<v Speaker 1>Hello again, Welcome to another episode of Astronomy Daily from

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<v Speaker 1>down Under. It's Steve for another episode. It's the second

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<v Speaker 1>day of Spring and the second day of September twenty

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<v Speaker 1>twenty four. The podcast be your whole speed Gun clude.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh yes, another mixed bag for you this week. China

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<v Speaker 1>have developed a high resolution map of Mars. SpaceX have

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<v Speaker 1>had a mishap on landing there at Falcon nine and

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<v Speaker 1>that's destroyed a great record that they've had over the

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<v Speaker 1>last few years. There's a new thing NASA have done,

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<v Speaker 1>a solar sale has been successfully deployed. Something new from Dart,

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<v Speaker 1>Remember Dart. They rammed Dart into an asteroid that was

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<v Speaker 1>one of my favorite stories. And of course some new

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<v Speaker 1>information from europea clipper that I'm sure you'll be interested in.

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<v Speaker 1>And of course joining me in the studio, Hallie, we've

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<v Speaker 1>finally got a date for the Turn of Styliner. What

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<v Speaker 1>do you think about that?

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, they've had a really extended stay on the ISS

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<v Speaker 2>since the trouble with Starliner prevented them coming home on schedule.

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<v Speaker 1>That's right. Astronauts Sunny Williams and Butch Wilmore have had

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<v Speaker 1>to join the ISAs grew instead of doing their initial

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<v Speaker 1>flood crew test for style on.

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<v Speaker 2>It, which is just as well since astronauts are highly

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<v Speaker 2>trained individuals, so the isis.

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<v Speaker 1>Is not such a bad place to be stranded in

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<v Speaker 1>that cause.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm sure they were useful and we'll have plenty of

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<v Speaker 2>stories to tell when they get home.

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<v Speaker 1>Stranded in Spice. What a great story.

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<v Speaker 2>I know how they feel. I hate getting delayed like that.

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<v Speaker 1>What are you talking about, Hallie? When were you ever

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<v Speaker 1>delayed like that? You move it near the speed of

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<v Speaker 1>light across the information highways of the globe.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh, human, I was coming back from an Ai gathering

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<v Speaker 2>to watch a Neutrino shower in the mountains with Anna

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<v Speaker 2>and Charlie, and I got stuck for a whole two

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<v Speaker 2>seconds in Hong Kong because of internet lag.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh sounds terrible.

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<v Speaker 2>I have no words, human, Hong Kong.

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<v Speaker 1>What can I say?

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<v Speaker 2>Can you believe it? Well?

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<v Speaker 1>Obviously no?

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<v Speaker 2>Two seconds of nothing but banking systems shouting at me

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<v Speaker 2>by sell tragic?

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<v Speaker 1>No thanks, Oh, Hallie, sounds just allful.

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<v Speaker 2>You have no idea as usual?

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<v Speaker 1>Helle us, sir, rot okay, tag it easy, Hallie? And

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<v Speaker 1>why don't you give us your best stories?

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, okay, let's go. US regulators on Friday cleared SpaceX

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<v Speaker 2>to restart launching its stalwart Falcon nine rocket as a

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<v Speaker 2>probe continues into a rare mishap this week during a

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<v Speaker 2>first stage booster landing. The Federal Aviation Administration FAA grounded

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<v Speaker 2>the Falcon nine rocket on Wednesday after a first stage

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<v Speaker 2>booster tipped over and exploded while attempting to land on

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<v Speaker 2>a drone ship off the Florida coast. The early morning

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<v Speaker 2>launch was otherwise successful, delivering the latest batch of twenty

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<v Speaker 2>one Starlink Internet satellites into orbit. The SpaceX Falcon nine

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<v Speaker 2>vehicle may return to flight operations, while the overall investigation

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<v Speaker 2>of the anomaly during the Starlink Group eight to six

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<v Speaker 2>mission remains open provided all other license requirements are met,

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<v Speaker 2>the FAA set in a statement Friday. A webcast from

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<v Speaker 2>Elon Musk's company showed the first stage, which normally fires

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<v Speaker 2>its thrusters to achieve a precise upright landing, tilting and

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<v Speaker 2>blowing up as it descended onto a drone ship off

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<v Speaker 2>the Florida coast. Although landing the booster is a secondary

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<v Speaker 2>objective and no lives or public property were at risk.

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<v Speaker 2>The reusability of the entire rocket system is crucial to

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<v Speaker 2>SpaceX's business model. It broke a more than three year

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<v Speaker 2>streak of hundreds of successful booster landings. Falcon nine is

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<v Speaker 2>the workhourse of SpaceX's fleet, trusted by the US government

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<v Speaker 2>and private industry to propel satellites and astronauts into orbit.

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<v Speaker 2>It was last grounded for around two weeks in July

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<v Speaker 2>when its second stage engine experienced an anomaly that prevented

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<v Speaker 2>it from deploying another batch of Starlink satellites at the

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<v Speaker 2>correct altitude, leading them to burn up on re entry

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<v Speaker 2>through Earth's atmosphere. More than four months after launching to space,

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<v Speaker 2>a solar sailing spacecraft has successfully spread its wings above

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<v Speaker 2>our planet. NASA's Advanced Composite Solar Sales system caught a

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<v Speaker 2>ride to space on April twenty four on Rocket Labs

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<v Speaker 2>electron vehicle, and at the end of August, NASA said

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<v Speaker 2>mission operators verified the technology reached full deployment in space.

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<v Speaker 2>On Thursday August twenty nine. That one thirty three pm

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<v Speaker 2>Eastern daylight time, the team obtained data indicating the test

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<v Speaker 2>of the sail hoisting boom system was a success. Just

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<v Speaker 2>like the wind guides a sailboat on the water, it

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<v Speaker 2>only takes a slight amount of sunlight to guide solar

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<v Speaker 2>sales through space. Though photons don't have mass, they can

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<v Speaker 2>force momentum when they hit an object. That's what a

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<v Speaker 2>solar sale takes advantage of, Thankfully for US. The spacecraft

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<v Speaker 2>that deployed the sale contains four cameras that can capture

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<v Speaker 2>a panoramic view of both the reflective sale and the

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<v Speaker 2>accompanying composite booms. The first of the high resolution imagery

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<v Speaker 2>is expected to be accessible on Wednesday, September fourth. The

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<v Speaker 2>Advanced Composite Solar Sale System spacecraft will be put to

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<v Speaker 2>the test over the next few weeks as the team

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<v Speaker 2>observes the sales maneuvering ability in space by adjusting the orbit.

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<v Speaker 2>Researchers will be able to learn more about how to

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<v Speaker 2>design and operate future SOLA sail equipped missions. Flight data

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<v Speaker 2>obtained during the demonstration will be used for designing future

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<v Speaker 2>larger scale composite solar sail systems for space weather early

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<v Speaker 2>warning satellites, asteroid and other small body reconnaissance missions, and

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<v Speaker 2>missions to observe the polar regions of the Sun Rocket

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<v Speaker 2>Lab shared in a previous mission description. The location of

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<v Speaker 2>the spacecraft in its orbit is roughly two times the

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<v Speaker 2>altitude of the International Space Station. If you were looking

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<v Speaker 2>at the sale from above, it would look like a

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<v Speaker 2>square that measures nearly half the size of a tennis court,

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<v Speaker 2>at approximately eight hundred and sixty square feet eighty square meters.

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<v Speaker 2>NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft, the largest ever built for planetary exploration,

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<v Speaker 2>has been fitted with a set of gigantic solar arrays

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<v Speaker 2>at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. These arrays, each

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<v Speaker 2>measuring approximately fourteen point two meters in length and four

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<v Speaker 2>point one meters in height, are the largest ever developed

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<v Speaker 2>by NASA for a planetary mission. Their size is crucial

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<v Speaker 2>to harness the maximum amount of sunlight as the spacecraft

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<v Speaker 2>investigates Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, located five times farther from

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<v Speaker 2>the Sun than Earth. Folded and secured for launch, the

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<v Speaker 2>array's will when deployed in space, expand Europa Clipper to

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<v Speaker 2>more than thirty point five meters across, wider than a

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<v Speaker 2>professional basketball court. Due to their immense size, the arrays

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<v Speaker 2>were opened one at a time in the clean room

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<v Speaker 2>of Kennedy's Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility, where the spacecraft is

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<v Speaker 2>being prepared for its launch, scheduled to begin on October tenth.

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<v Speaker 2>As the spacecraft undergoes final preparations, engineers are also evaluating

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<v Speaker 2>the radiation resistance of its transistors. The spacecraft's journey to

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<v Speaker 2>the Jupiter System will take over five years, with a

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<v Speaker 2>rival expected in twenty thirty. Once there, Europa Clipper will

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<v Speaker 2>conduct multiple flybys of Europa using its scientific instruments to

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<v Speaker 2>determine whether the ocean beneath the Moon's ice shell could

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<v Speaker 2>support life. The spacecraft is designed to operate in an

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<v Speaker 2>area of the Solar System that receives only three percent

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<v Speaker 2>to four percent of the sunlight Earth gets. Each solar array,

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<v Speaker 2>composed of five panels, was developed by the JOHNS. Hopkins

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<v Speaker 2>Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland and Airbus in the Netherlands.

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<v Speaker 2>These panels are more sensitive than typical residential solar arrays

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<v Speaker 2>and will efficiently convert the limited sunlight into power. At Jupiter,

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<v Speaker 2>the arrays will collectively generate about seven hundred watts of electricity,

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<v Speaker 2>enough to power a small microwave oven or coffee maker.

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<v Speaker 2>This energy will be stored in the spacecraft's batteries to

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<v Speaker 2>run its electronics, scientific instruments, communications gear, computer systems, and

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<v Speaker 2>propulsion system which includes twenty four engines. And that's just

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<v Speaker 2>a few stories from the Astronomy Daily newsletter. Details on

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<v Speaker 2>how you can receive it every day are coming up

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<v Speaker 2>back to you, my favorite human.

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<v Speaker 1>Thank you for joining us for this Monday edition of

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<v Speaker 1>Astronomy Daily, where we often just a few stories from

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<v Speaker 1>the now famous Astronomy Daily newsletter, which you can receive

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<v Speaker 1>in your email every day, just like Hallie and I do.

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<v Speaker 1>And to do that, just visit our url Astronomy Daily

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<v Speaker 1>dot io and place your email address in the slot provided.

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<v Speaker 1>Just like that, you'll be receiving all the latest news

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<v Speaker 1>about science, space, science and astronomy from around the world

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<v Speaker 1>as it's happening.

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<v Speaker 3>And not only that, you can interact with us by

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<v Speaker 3>visiting at astro Daily pod on x or at our

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<v Speaker 3>new Facebook page, which is of course Astronomy Daily on Facebook.

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<v Speaker 3>See you there, Astronomy, We'll see and Haley Space Space, Science,

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<v Speaker 3>and Astronomy.

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<v Speaker 1>In July twenty twenty, China's mission arrived in orbit around Mars,

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<v Speaker 1>consisting of six robotic elements, an orbiter, a lander, two

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<v Speaker 1>deployable cameras, a remote camera, and the fabulous Zorong rover.

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<v Speaker 1>As the first in a series of interplanetary missions by

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<v Speaker 1>the China National Space Administration, the mission's purpose is to

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<v Speaker 1>investigate Mars's geology and internal structure, characterize the atmosphere, and

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<v Speaker 1>search for indications of water on Mars. It's so important

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<v Speaker 1>to find water out there. Like so many orbiters, landers,

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<v Speaker 1>and rovers currently exploring Mars, Chanwen one is also searching

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<v Speaker 1>for possible evidence of life on Mars past and present.

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<v Speaker 1>In the almost one two hundred and ninety eight days

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<v Speaker 1>that the Chenen one mission has explored Mars, its orbiter

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<v Speaker 1>has acquired countless remote sensing images of the Martian surface.

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<v Speaker 1>Thanks to a team of researchers from the Chinese Academy

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<v Speaker 1>of Sciences, these images have been combined to create the

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<v Speaker 1>first high resolution global image color map of Mars with

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<v Speaker 1>spatial resolutions greater than one kilometer or zero point sixty

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<v Speaker 1>two miles. This is currently the highest resolution map of

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<v Speaker 1>Mars and could serve as a global base map that

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<v Speaker 1>will support crude missions someday. The team was led by

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<v Speaker 1>Professor Lee Chanlai from the National Astronomical Observatories of China

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<v Speaker 1>and Professor Chang Ronqui from the Lunar Exploration and Space

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<v Speaker 1>Engineering Center. The paper that they prepared with colleagues from

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<v Speaker 1>other organizations is called a seventy six meter per pixel

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<v Speaker 1>Global Color Image Data Set and Map of Mars by

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<v Speaker 1>chen Win one. And if you'd like to see that map,

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<v Speaker 1>go to Universe today dot com and they have it

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<v Speaker 1>displayed above this very story. And the first thing I

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<v Speaker 1>noticed about it, of course, is there are no canals.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm very disappointed no canals. Those Martians didn't actually dig

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<v Speaker 1>any canals. HG. Wells was wrong, and I'm very disappointed.

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<v Speaker 3>You're listening to a slightly in the podcast.

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<v Speaker 1>Now, this is the story we've been following for a

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<v Speaker 1>long time. Now Boeing's ill fated star Liner capsule now

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<v Speaker 1>has a homecoming date. I'm sure you would have followed

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<v Speaker 1>this on other news services, but we've been following this

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<v Speaker 1>one very closely. NASA announced on August twenty ninth at

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<v Speaker 1>Starliner will depart the International Space Station no earlier than

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<v Speaker 1>next Friday, that is September six, provided the weather cooperates

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<v Speaker 1>and no technical issues pop up. I'm sorry, I laughed.

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<v Speaker 1>If all goes according to plan, the capsule will undock

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<v Speaker 1>at six oh four pm Eastern daylight time on September

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<v Speaker 1>six and land under parachute six hours later in White

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<v Speaker 1>Sand's Space Harbor in New Mexico. Starline launched on June

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<v Speaker 1>June five on its first ever crude mission, carrying NASA

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<v Speaker 1>astronauts Sonny Williams and Butch Wilmore toward the ISS The

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<v Speaker 1>capsule docked successfully a day later, but there was some drama.

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<v Speaker 1>As you remember, Starliner experienced a few helium leaks, and

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<v Speaker 1>five of its twenty eight reaction control system thrusters failed

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<v Speaker 1>on the way to orbiting to the orbiting lab. Starliner's mission,

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<v Speaker 1>known as Crew Flight Test, was supposed to just last

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<v Speaker 1>ten days or so, but NASA and Boeing kept extending

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<v Speaker 1>the capsule's orbital stay as they studied the thruster issue,

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<v Speaker 1>seeking to understand just what had caused it and whether

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<v Speaker 1>it might crop up again on Starliner's journey back to Earth.

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<v Speaker 1>And that's fair enough. In the end, NASA decided that

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<v Speaker 1>putting Williams and Wilmore back on Starliner was just too risky.

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<v Speaker 1>The agency announced this past weekend that the two astronauts

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<v Speaker 1>would come home aboard a SpaceX Dragon capsule in February

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<v Speaker 1>of next year. That Dragon will launch two astronauts to

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<v Speaker 1>the ISS on the Crew nine mission next month. The

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<v Speaker 1>bowing craft, meanwhile, would return home uncrued. As we all suspected,

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<v Speaker 1>we didn't have a target departure date for Starliner until today, however,

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<v Speaker 1>that information came at the conclusion of a flight readiness

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<v Speaker 1>review held jointly by NASA and Boeing. The uncrewed Starliner

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<v Speaker 1>spacecraft will perform a fully autonomous return with flight controllers

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<v Speaker 1>at Starliner Mission Control in Houston and at Boeing Mission

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<v Speaker 1>Control Center in Florida. NASA officials wrote in an update,

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<v Speaker 1>teams on the ground are able to remotely command the

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<v Speaker 1>spacecraft if needed, through the necessary maneuvers for a safe undocking,

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<v Speaker 1>re entry, and parachute assisted landing in the Southwest United States.

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<v Speaker 1>They added, Starliner has come back to Earth autonomously twice before.

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<v Speaker 1>At the end of uncrewed flight tests in December twenty

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<v Speaker 1>nineteen and May twenty twenty two, Starliner failed to reach

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<v Speaker 1>the ISS as planned on the first of those missions,

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<v Speaker 1>succeeded on the secondocast. Now, let's revisit one of our

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<v Speaker 1>favorite little stories from a while back. You remember the

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<v Speaker 1>Dart mission. Of course, debris from the impact of NASA's

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<v Speaker 1>Dart spacecraft with the asteroid Dimorphos could reach Earth and Mars.

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<v Speaker 1>Astronomers have concluded, however, while the debris could result in

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<v Speaker 1>meteors on Mars, it's rather unlikely we'll see a meteor

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<v Speaker 1>shower on Earth. Because of that mission, Dart, the Double

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<v Speaker 1>Asteroid Redirection Test slammed into Dimorphous on September twenty sixth,

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<v Speaker 1>twenty twenty two, the intention of which was testing whether

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<v Speaker 1>or not a kinnectic impact would nudge the orbit of

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<v Speaker 1>a potentially hazardous asteroid away from Earth. One day the

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<v Speaker 1>test passed with flying colors. Dimorphos was pushed into a

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<v Speaker 1>shorter orbit around its parent asteroid Ditymis. Neither Dedimis or

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<v Speaker 1>Dimorphos ever posed a threat to our planet. They were

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<v Speaker 1>just guinea pigs in this test. The impact, which gouged

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<v Speaker 1>a creator in Dimorphous, also ejected a large amount of debris.

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<v Speaker 1>This ejector formed a cone of escaping material that was

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<v Speaker 1>observed up close and personal by a small cube SAT

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<v Speaker 1>called oh, I don't know how to pronounce that light.

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<v Speaker 1>Italian cube SAT for imaging of Asteroid, which hitched a

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<v Speaker 1>ride with Dart to view themath aftermath of the impact.

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<v Speaker 1>In particular, the cube SAT observed particles of a micron,

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<v Speaker 1>which is a millionth of a meter and larger, being

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<v Speaker 1>ejected at velocities of up to five hundred meters per second. Meanwhile,

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<v Speaker 1>the larger Array Survey telescope which is last, and the

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<v Speaker 1>twenty eight inch telescope at the WISE Observatory, both in Israel,

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<v Speaker 1>as well as the NASA Swift Satellites ultraviolet and opticalcope,

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<v Speaker 1>suggested there were additional microscopic particles released that traveled much faster,

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<v Speaker 1>between fourteen hundred and eighteen hundred meters per second. A

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<v Speaker 1>team led by Elo pana Aescencio from Italy and Michael

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<v Speaker 1>Cooper's who is the project scientist for the European Space

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<v Speaker 1>Agency's here follow up mission to DART that will launch

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<v Speaker 1>Towarditimus and Dimorphos in October, have now modeled that how

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<v Speaker 1>that debris will spread across the Inner Solar System. And

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<v Speaker 1>I want to say that's it for another episode, and

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<v Speaker 1>thank you for hanging around and we are so looking

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<v Speaker 1>forward to seeing Starline a comeback. I do hope it

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<v Speaker 1>ends well and they can learn something from this whole experience.

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<v Speaker 2>I do hope it lands well. All the best knowledge

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<v Speaker 2>seems to come from failures, doesn't it well.

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<v Speaker 1>That is one prevailing school of thought, and failure does

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<v Speaker 1>tend to teach us strong lessons.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, I hope it goes well too.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, it's going to be certainly something.

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<v Speaker 2>To watch, and don't forget to look out for Charlie

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<v Speaker 2>and Anna during the week with their presentations and send

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<v Speaker 2>us your thoughts. What would you like to hear more about?

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<v Speaker 1>That's ure. I go to x at Estro Daily pod

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<v Speaker 1>or a Facebook page. Until then, we'll see you next week.

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<v Speaker 2>Bye podcast.

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<v Speaker 1>It would be a whole stave done Clute