1 00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:03,919 Speaker 1: Hello and welcome to my podcast. This is an audio 2 00:00:04,000 --> 00:00:06,719 version of my videos available to make listening to my 3 00:00:06,759 --> 00:00:10,000 stuff in the background easier than YouTube makes it. But 4 00:00:10,119 --> 00:00:13,599 since my videos are primarily made for YouTube, there may 5 00:00:13,679 --> 00:00:16,920 be occasional references to visual materials. If you'd like this 6 00:00:16,960 --> 00:00:19,519 podcast ad free, you can join us on Patreon app, 7 00:00:19,559 --> 00:00:22,800 Patreon dot com slash Vice Rhino. Please enjoy. 8 00:00:23,679 --> 00:00:27,000 Speaker 2: Hello and welcome to my channel Vice Rhino. 9 00:00:27,079 --> 00:00:27,280 Speaker 3: Here. 10 00:00:27,719 --> 00:00:30,800 Speaker 2: Today I'm looking at a video by Professor Jiang, and 11 00:00:30,960 --> 00:00:34,280 full disclosure, I did find this video on an unofficial 12 00:00:34,359 --> 00:00:36,640 re upload channel where the only thing they do is 13 00:00:36,679 --> 00:00:40,520 upload videos from his actual channel, seemingly without permission. Given 14 00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:43,240 that Professor Jang has over two million subscribers and the 15 00:00:43,280 --> 00:00:45,719 re upload channel only has forty one, it took me 16 00:00:45,759 --> 00:00:47,640 a while to find the original to link to because 17 00:00:47,679 --> 00:00:49,679 of that, but I did find that this video is 18 00:00:49,719 --> 00:00:51,520 a snippet from the beginning of one of his secret 19 00:00:51,560 --> 00:00:54,079 history lectures. It's over an hour long, so I'm not 20 00:00:54,119 --> 00:00:55,880 going to respond to the whole thing. I'll keep it 21 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:58,159 to this clip, but I am linking to the actual 22 00:00:58,240 --> 00:01:01,399 lecture rather than the channel that's stealing it. Anyway, this 23 00:01:01,439 --> 00:01:03,119 guy has been getting a lot of attention on social 24 00:01:03,159 --> 00:01:05,719 media recently for his predictions about what's going to happen 25 00:01:05,719 --> 00:01:08,200 regarding the war in Iran, predictions that are phrased in 26 00:01:08,239 --> 00:01:10,040 a way that makes it ambiguous as to whether or 27 00:01:10,079 --> 00:01:13,319 not he actually believes in the Biblical apocalyptic narrative, or 28 00:01:13,480 --> 00:01:15,599 if he just thinks that the people in charge believe 29 00:01:15,599 --> 00:01:17,439 in that narrative and so will make certain decisions with 30 00:01:17,480 --> 00:01:19,599 those things in mind. This video has nothing to do 31 00:01:19,760 --> 00:01:22,079 with that, but since it's him explaining why he thinks 32 00:01:22,079 --> 00:01:24,920 evolution is wrong, it does give us a hint as 33 00:01:24,959 --> 00:01:28,239 to his beliefs regarding the Biblical apocalypse. So let's take 34 00:01:28,239 --> 00:01:28,599 a look. 35 00:01:35,760 --> 00:01:40,519 Speaker 3: This is Charles Darwin and arguably he is the most 36 00:01:40,920 --> 00:01:44,959 influential thinker of the past twenty eight years. 37 00:01:45,439 --> 00:01:49,239 Speaker 2: Yes, arguably, whatever your opinion on his specific spot on 38 00:01:49,280 --> 00:01:51,359 that hierarchy, he is definitely up there. 39 00:01:51,680 --> 00:01:54,359 Speaker 3: And the reason why is he wrote a book call 40 00:01:54,920 --> 00:01:58,519 The Origo Species, and he presents to us the fear 41 00:01:58,560 --> 00:02:02,079 of evolution. And you all know a fear of evolution 42 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:05,959 because they teached this to you in school and is 43 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:09,319 embedded in our everyday lives. 44 00:02:09,599 --> 00:02:12,039 Speaker 2: Well, it's embedded in our everyday lives in the sense 45 00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:14,879 that a lot of our understanding of biology and by extension, 46 00:02:14,919 --> 00:02:17,560 medicine is based on our understanding of evolution. But for 47 00:02:17,680 --> 00:02:21,400 most people, aside from their interaction with modern medicine, evolution 48 00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:23,479 isn't really relevant to their lives. 49 00:02:25,000 --> 00:02:29,080 Speaker 3: And there are three main ideas to the they of evolution. 50 00:02:29,759 --> 00:02:32,479 The first is that it was all accidental. 51 00:02:32,319 --> 00:02:35,439 Speaker 2: Not accidental. The word accident implies that there was an 52 00:02:35,520 --> 00:02:38,639 intention that went wrong. The intention was for X to happen, 53 00:02:38,840 --> 00:02:42,240 But why happened by accident? He's got random written up 54 00:02:42,240 --> 00:02:44,319 there as well, And while that one is closer, it 55 00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:46,960 still requires a bit of nuance. But I'm getting ahead 56 00:02:46,960 --> 00:02:49,039 of myself. Let's let him explain what he means. 57 00:02:49,479 --> 00:02:52,960 Speaker 3: So you have these geneic mutations, and the mutation that 58 00:02:53,120 --> 00:02:58,319 is best fitted to survive in environment would win out. Okay, 59 00:02:58,360 --> 00:03:01,879 so it's all a random, accidental process. That's the first thing. 60 00:03:02,240 --> 00:03:05,520 Speaker 2: The mutations themselves are mostly random, but which mutations win 61 00:03:05,599 --> 00:03:08,680 out are determined by the environment in which they occur, 62 00:03:09,080 --> 00:03:13,039 not randomly. But also, this is only one mechanism of evolution. 63 00:03:13,319 --> 00:03:16,120 There are also things like sexual selection that play a role, 64 00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:19,800 and sexual selection is decidedly non random. 65 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:25,400 Speaker 3: Second thing is that it is materialistic, meaningfing that you 66 00:03:25,439 --> 00:03:28,120 can see is all that exists. 67 00:03:28,639 --> 00:03:32,039 Speaker 2: Now, evolution is completely silent on whether or not supernatural 68 00:03:32,039 --> 00:03:36,879 stuff exists. Now, we learn about evolution by utilizing methodological naturalism. 69 00:03:37,159 --> 00:03:39,360 That is, scientists who work on it don't look for 70 00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:43,159 supernatural causes, regardless of what they personally believe about the supernatural. 71 00:03:43,400 --> 00:03:46,439 And this philosophy is what has thus far in human 72 00:03:46,520 --> 00:03:50,000 history been the best at learning true things about reality. 73 00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:54,080 Speaker 3: The third thing is it is emergent, meaning that feel 74 00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:56,479 things built on top of each other. It is a 75 00:03:56,560 --> 00:03:57,879 bottom up process. 76 00:03:58,159 --> 00:04:00,159 Speaker 2: I would agree with that, but I know I know 77 00:04:00,240 --> 00:04:03,159 that there are theistic evolutionists who believe that God guides 78 00:04:03,199 --> 00:04:05,400 evolution and had humans in mind as one of its 79 00:04:05,479 --> 00:04:08,479 end goals. Although I suppose using evolution would still be 80 00:04:08,479 --> 00:04:10,960 a bottom up approach, but with some top down foresight 81 00:04:10,960 --> 00:04:11,919 added into the mix. 82 00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:17,120 Speaker 3: Now, the fear of evolution marked a turning point in 83 00:04:17,199 --> 00:04:23,680 human history because before European countries were Christian, and Christians 84 00:04:23,680 --> 00:04:27,279 believed that there was a divine God who created us 85 00:04:27,600 --> 00:04:31,079 and us such we were all equal before the eyes 86 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:31,600 of God. 87 00:04:32,160 --> 00:04:35,279 Speaker 2: I'm not sure that's entirely accurate, given the fact that 88 00:04:35,319 --> 00:04:37,839 the Thirty Years War is a thing that happened, you know, 89 00:04:38,199 --> 00:04:40,720 a war that was entirely between two different sects of 90 00:04:40,759 --> 00:04:43,040 Christianity who thought that belonging to the other made a 91 00:04:43,040 --> 00:04:46,519 person less than human, thus justifying their extermination. Or that 92 00:04:46,560 --> 00:04:49,560 feudalism was a thing with the land owning nobility exploiting 93 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:52,000 the labor of the peasantry in order to increase their wealth, 94 00:04:52,160 --> 00:04:54,519 with the nobility class being quite certain that they were 95 00:04:54,519 --> 00:04:57,879 inherently better than the peasants. Or the slave trade, both 96 00:04:57,920 --> 00:05:00,600 the Atlantic one and the regular old European slave trade 97 00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:02,759 that was the precursor to the Atlantic one, which I 98 00:05:02,759 --> 00:05:05,079 covered in more detail in another video that I'll link to. 99 00:05:05,519 --> 00:05:08,399 Or the rampant anti Semitism throughout medieval Europe, where people 100 00:05:08,399 --> 00:05:10,920 were often encouraged by those in power to blame Jewish 101 00:05:10,959 --> 00:05:14,240 people for anything that went wrong, anything from crop failures 102 00:05:14,240 --> 00:05:18,240 to disease resulting in prolonged persecution and sporadic programs, or 103 00:05:18,920 --> 00:05:25,040 or point is society, even European Christian society, was not 104 00:05:25,160 --> 00:05:28,800 some egalitarian utopia up until Darwin came along and ruined 105 00:05:28,800 --> 00:05:29,480 it with evolution. 106 00:05:30,199 --> 00:05:32,879 Speaker 3: Therefore, you can I go in enslave other people, you 107 00:05:32,879 --> 00:05:34,800 can I go and kill other people? 108 00:05:35,279 --> 00:05:36,920 Speaker 2: You might want to go back in time and let 109 00:05:36,920 --> 00:05:40,560 the medieval Europeans know that, because their behavior definitely didn't 110 00:05:40,560 --> 00:05:43,279 bear that out. Like I didn't even mention the Crusades, 111 00:05:43,279 --> 00:05:45,759 where Christians invaded the Holy Land under the impression that 112 00:05:45,839 --> 00:05:49,319 killing Muslims was a way to earn forgiveness for past sins. 113 00:05:50,519 --> 00:05:55,040 Speaker 3: As well. There were three main ideas to Christianity. Okay, 114 00:05:55,040 --> 00:05:59,959 the first idea is one omniscient and omnipresent God. 115 00:06:01,120 --> 00:06:04,279 Speaker 2: Well, I counted three, the Father, the Son, and the 116 00:06:04,279 --> 00:06:07,360 Holy Spirit. The idea of these three entities only being 117 00:06:07,480 --> 00:06:11,680 one being while still being distinct individuals is rather nonsensical, 118 00:06:11,959 --> 00:06:14,759 but also unrelated but fun fact that I recently learned 119 00:06:14,879 --> 00:06:17,120 there was a series of poems written by early Christians 120 00:06:17,120 --> 00:06:20,240 sometime between seventy and one to twenty five CE, the 121 00:06:20,279 --> 00:06:23,199 Odes to Solomon. The nineteenth one has what is, as 122 00:06:23,199 --> 00:06:25,879 far as I can tell, an excellent contender for the 123 00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:28,519 first explicit reference to the doctrine of the Trinity in 124 00:06:28,600 --> 00:06:31,439 early Christian literature. Let's read the first four verses just 125 00:06:31,439 --> 00:06:32,319 for shits and giggles. 126 00:06:32,839 --> 00:06:33,279 Speaker 3: Quote. 127 00:06:33,560 --> 00:06:35,399 Speaker 2: A cup of milk was offered to me, and I 128 00:06:35,519 --> 00:06:37,879 drank it in the sweetness of the delight of the Lord. 129 00:06:38,240 --> 00:06:40,480 The Son is the cup, and he who is milked 130 00:06:40,639 --> 00:06:43,439 is the Father. And the Holy Spirit milked him because 131 00:06:43,480 --> 00:06:45,920 his breasts were full, and it was necessary for him 132 00:06:45,959 --> 00:06:48,600 that his milk should be sufficiently released. And the Holy 133 00:06:48,639 --> 00:06:51,040 Spirit opened his bosom and mingled the milk from the 134 00:06:51,120 --> 00:06:53,560 two breasts of the Father and gave the mixture to 135 00:06:53,600 --> 00:06:57,399 the world without their knowing. So, according to this poem, 136 00:06:57,439 --> 00:06:59,800 which was written around the same time as the Gospels, 137 00:07:00,120 --> 00:07:03,439 God enjoyed milking himself into a cup made of himself 138 00:07:03,480 --> 00:07:05,360 for people to drink Kinki. 139 00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:10,839 Speaker 3: The spirit, the Holy Spirit, is what infuses life. It's 140 00:07:10,879 --> 00:07:12,560 what gives meaning of purpose to life. 141 00:07:12,800 --> 00:07:15,000 Speaker 2: And hey, wouldn't you know it. Whether or not that 142 00:07:15,079 --> 00:07:17,600 is a thing that happens is a completely separate question 143 00:07:17,639 --> 00:07:19,759 from whether or not evolution is a thing that happens. 144 00:07:20,920 --> 00:07:23,319 Speaker 3: And the world is a mystery. We have the hold 145 00:07:23,439 --> 00:07:26,560 faith there are things that we cannot understand. God has 146 00:07:26,600 --> 00:07:29,279 a plan, but it is a mysterious plan. 147 00:07:29,720 --> 00:07:32,800 Speaker 2: Okay, so apparently earlier when he said emergent, not only 148 00:07:32,800 --> 00:07:35,839 did he mean bottom up, he also meant no mystery. 149 00:07:36,199 --> 00:07:39,040 But if you think the natural world doesn't contain any 150 00:07:39,079 --> 00:07:42,120 mystery without adding in a bunch of supernatural, then I 151 00:07:42,160 --> 00:07:44,879 honestly feel kind of sorry for you. The world is 152 00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:47,439 full of mystery, and a lot of it is stuff 153 00:07:47,480 --> 00:07:51,720 that we as humans can work towards solving, and that's exciting. 154 00:07:52,199 --> 00:07:53,959 But I guess it only counts as a mystery if 155 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,360 it's actually impossible to figure out, and honestly, that kind 156 00:07:57,360 --> 00:08:00,680 of mystery is much less inspiring. Science is cool. Put 157 00:08:00,680 --> 00:08:03,360 the effort in and you can learn all sorts of needs. 158 00:08:03,600 --> 00:08:06,439 God is boring, no matter how much effort you put in. 159 00:08:06,600 --> 00:08:08,560 The answer to the question of why an all powerful, 160 00:08:08,600 --> 00:08:11,759 benevolent being allows evil will always be a variant of 161 00:08:11,959 --> 00:08:15,160 mysterious ways. Why would we expect to be able to 162 00:08:15,240 --> 00:08:18,439 learn the answer. We're just humans. God's ways are beyond 163 00:08:18,519 --> 00:08:21,800 our ways. It really is, as Nietzsche said, a very 164 00:08:21,839 --> 00:08:23,920 gross and indelicate answer to the question. 165 00:08:24,680 --> 00:08:29,800 Speaker 3: And so we must be humble and serve the purpose 166 00:08:29,800 --> 00:08:30,199 of God. 167 00:08:30,800 --> 00:08:33,639 Speaker 2: You must do as I say without question, even if 168 00:08:33,679 --> 00:08:35,519 what I say doesn't seem to make sense to you, 169 00:08:35,799 --> 00:08:38,320 and you think that's better than accepting the fact that 170 00:08:38,360 --> 00:08:39,240 evolution happens. 171 00:08:39,919 --> 00:08:45,000 Speaker 3: Okay, and the fear of evolution destroys conceptric universe introduce 172 00:08:45,080 --> 00:08:46,639 a more materialistic one. 173 00:08:46,879 --> 00:08:49,919 Speaker 2: Honestly, if evolution destroys the idea that we all have 174 00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:52,919 to do what God says without understanding why, then that's 175 00:08:52,919 --> 00:08:55,360 a good thing, especially given the fact that God only 176 00:08:55,360 --> 00:08:58,799 ever seems to speak through human representatives who inevitably tell 177 00:08:58,799 --> 00:09:01,240 you that God wants you to give them money. Not 178 00:09:01,320 --> 00:09:03,240 to mention all the times those tactics have turned into 179 00:09:03,279 --> 00:09:04,039 sexual abuse. 180 00:09:05,159 --> 00:09:09,960 Speaker 3: So why did this happen? Well, it happened for three reasons. 181 00:09:10,399 --> 00:09:15,200 The main reason is that we live in a nineteenth century. 182 00:09:15,399 --> 00:09:19,120 When Darism came into being, Europeans were engaged in a 183 00:09:19,159 --> 00:09:22,440 process of imperialism. They were going around the world and 184 00:09:22,480 --> 00:09:27,320 conquering other people and colonizing other people and essentially committing genocide. 185 00:09:28,639 --> 00:09:31,200 Speaker 2: Did he forget the beginning of his presentation where he 186 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:34,960 claimed that European Christianity had convinced everyone that all people 187 00:09:35,000 --> 00:09:38,240 are equal. Therefore you cannot go in enslave or kill 188 00:09:38,279 --> 00:09:40,960 other people. I'll give you credit for acknowledging that European 189 00:09:40,960 --> 00:09:44,799 colonialism was largely an exercise in genocide and attempt at genocide, 190 00:09:45,080 --> 00:09:47,279 But I'm not sure how that squares with the discovery 191 00:09:47,279 --> 00:09:49,799 of evolution being the turning point where suddenly we were 192 00:09:49,840 --> 00:09:53,679 all like, yay, slavery is okay now, which I'd just 193 00:09:53,759 --> 00:09:56,200 like to remind you of the timing there. Darwin's book 194 00:09:56,279 --> 00:09:59,240 was published in eighteen fifty nine. That's just two years 195 00:09:59,279 --> 00:10:02,120 before the America Civil War and just twenty six years 196 00:10:02,159 --> 00:10:05,919 after the UK outlawed slavery. His book that supposedly gave 197 00:10:05,960 --> 00:10:08,279 Europeans the excuse they were looking forward to engage in 198 00:10:08,279 --> 00:10:10,879 slavery was published right in the middle of a time 199 00:10:10,919 --> 00:10:13,799 when Europeans and their American cousins were in the process 200 00:10:13,799 --> 00:10:16,000 of deciding that the slave trade they had already been 201 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:20,000 engaged in for literally thousands of years was no longer acceptable. 202 00:10:20,159 --> 00:10:24,480 From a purely correlational perspective, you couldn't have any more backward. 203 00:10:25,399 --> 00:10:28,120 Speaker 3: So they needed a theory to explain why this is happening, 204 00:10:28,519 --> 00:10:31,399 and Darwin's theory of surround the fit is was the 205 00:10:31,440 --> 00:10:34,840 most appropriate theory. And the idea is that the world 206 00:10:34,960 --> 00:10:38,960 is fed into racist and the white race is superior 207 00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:43,559 to everyone else, and if for the white race has reason, 208 00:10:43,759 --> 00:10:46,879 has legitimacy in colonizing other people. 209 00:10:47,320 --> 00:10:51,639 Speaker 2: Darwin absolutely did not invent the concept of race. In fact, 210 00:10:51,759 --> 00:10:54,919 Origin of Species barely even touches on humans. The word 211 00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:57,919 human only appears in the book five times. Once is 212 00:10:57,919 --> 00:11:00,000 an offhanded mention of the shape of a mother's pelvis 213 00:11:00,039 --> 00:11:02,559 influencing the shape of a baby's head, once in comparing 214 00:11:02,600 --> 00:11:04,679 the eye to a telescope, and mentioning that the telescope 215 00:11:04,720 --> 00:11:07,840 was invented by humans, Once in the introduction to chapter fourteen, 216 00:11:07,840 --> 00:11:09,960 where he opens by acknowledging that it's hard to believe 217 00:11:09,960 --> 00:11:12,279 that the complexity of life came about through processes that 218 00:11:12,320 --> 00:11:15,240 are not equal or superior to human reason, And once 219 00:11:15,320 --> 00:11:17,320 later on in chapter fourteen, where he points out that 220 00:11:17,360 --> 00:11:18,879 the length of time the earth has been around for 221 00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:23,080 is so large as to be inappreciable by the human intellect. Admittedly, 222 00:11:23,360 --> 00:11:26,240 just searching for the word man yields sixty eight results 223 00:11:26,559 --> 00:11:30,000 almost nice, but again, they aren't even about the evolution 224 00:11:30,120 --> 00:11:33,240 of humans. It's mostly in the passages dealing with artificial selection, 225 00:11:33,360 --> 00:11:35,720 where humans have bread plants and animals to have features 226 00:11:35,720 --> 00:11:37,840 that are useful to us, even if they would be 227 00:11:37,879 --> 00:11:40,000 detrimental to the plants and animals had they remained in 228 00:11:40,039 --> 00:11:43,759 the wild. Meanwhile, the concept of race is a complicated 229 00:11:43,799 --> 00:11:46,240 one that sociologists and anthropologists will tell you are as 230 00:11:46,279 --> 00:11:49,679 old as civilization itself, though the concept has changed dramatically 231 00:11:49,720 --> 00:11:51,720 in that time. I mean hell, It's even present in 232 00:11:51,759 --> 00:11:54,679 the rabbinic literature. Sanhedron one oh eight b says that 233 00:11:54,720 --> 00:11:57,200 Noah's sun Ham was punished with black skin for the 234 00:11:57,240 --> 00:11:59,399 crime of having sex with his wife while on the arc. 235 00:11:59,600 --> 00:12:02,960 But our modern conception of race as distinct categories of 236 00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:06,320 people is largely based on ideas formulated in the sixteen 237 00:12:06,320 --> 00:12:09,960 and seventeen hundreds, well before Darwin. In Europe specifically, the 238 00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:13,200 idea was that white people were the original pure specimens 239 00:12:13,240 --> 00:12:16,080 created by God, and all other skin colors were a 240 00:12:16,120 --> 00:12:20,039 degradation of this initial perfection. Point is, white supremacy is 241 00:12:20,240 --> 00:12:23,440 way older than Darwin, and our modern understanding of evolution 242 00:12:23,799 --> 00:12:25,720 has actually led to the conclusion that race is a 243 00:12:25,759 --> 00:12:29,720 social construct. It has no biological basis. Now this isn't 244 00:12:29,720 --> 00:12:32,080 to say that race is not a real thing or 245 00:12:32,120 --> 00:12:35,159 important or whatever. As I have to do every time 246 00:12:35,159 --> 00:12:37,480 I bring up the concept of social constructs, I must 247 00:12:37,519 --> 00:12:40,600 remind you that being socially constructed does not equate to 248 00:12:40,639 --> 00:12:45,600 not being important or real. Other socially constructed things include money, citizenship, 249 00:12:45,679 --> 00:12:48,480 and marriage. All of these things are things that are 250 00:12:48,519 --> 00:12:50,759 important to our day to day lives, but they are 251 00:12:50,799 --> 00:12:53,799 things that would not exist without a society that constructs them. 252 00:12:53,960 --> 00:12:56,399 A Canada goose that is born in Canada will have 253 00:12:56,480 --> 00:12:59,360 no problem ignoring our arbitrary borders when going on its 254 00:12:59,399 --> 00:13:02,039 annual Migraine. They don't even get travel insurance to pay 255 00:13:02,039 --> 00:13:05,639 the ridiculous American health care costs. That's because they are 256 00:13:05,679 --> 00:13:08,120 not part of society and so don't have the social 257 00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:11,320 construct of citizenship and borders thrust upon them based on 258 00:13:11,399 --> 00:13:14,679 their place of birth. Hell, the existence of countries is 259 00:13:14,720 --> 00:13:18,159 also a social construct. There is no fact about reality 260 00:13:18,159 --> 00:13:21,120 that makes the land I'm sitting on now fundamentally different 261 00:13:21,120 --> 00:13:23,279 from that which is a mere two kilometers east of me. 262 00:13:23,559 --> 00:13:25,080 But if I want to go to that spot to 263 00:13:25,120 --> 00:13:27,440 my east, I need to get the appropriate documents from 264 00:13:27,440 --> 00:13:29,639 the government of Canada that essentially act as permission to 265 00:13:29,720 --> 00:13:31,440 leave the country, and I have to go through a 266 00:13:31,519 --> 00:13:34,320 checkpoint where agents of the American government determine whether or 267 00:13:34,360 --> 00:13:37,000 not I have permission to enter their country. All of 268 00:13:37,039 --> 00:13:41,360 that is socially constructed and also very real and important, 269 00:13:41,559 --> 00:13:44,320 but the fact remains that there is more diversity in 270 00:13:44,399 --> 00:13:47,799 African populations than anywhere else in the world, meaning that 271 00:13:47,840 --> 00:13:51,480 from a biological perspective, the differences between skin colors aren't 272 00:13:51,559 --> 00:13:54,399 any more significant than the differences between other features like 273 00:13:54,519 --> 00:13:58,039 hair color. The reason African populations are so diverse is 274 00:13:58,120 --> 00:14:02,759 understood to be because of evolution. Humanity originally developed in Africa, 275 00:14:02,840 --> 00:14:05,799 so when a population left the continent, it became genetically 276 00:14:05,799 --> 00:14:08,440 isolated from the rest of humanity, resulting in a loss 277 00:14:08,480 --> 00:14:11,879 of genetic diversity, while the parent population kept chugging along, 278 00:14:11,960 --> 00:14:15,960 increasing its diversity as it went. Thus, an actual understanding 279 00:14:16,039 --> 00:14:19,039 of evolution would lead us to conclude that racism is 280 00:14:19,120 --> 00:14:23,519 completely unjustified, while religion promotes in group and outgroup thinking 281 00:14:23,559 --> 00:14:29,679 that lends itself quite nicely to racism. 282 00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:31,159 Speaker 3: And evolution would give rise to racism and eugenics. 283 00:14:31,200 --> 00:14:35,240 Speaker 2: Okay, racism already existed, which resulted in people who were 284 00:14:35,279 --> 00:14:38,759 already racist using evolution as an excuse for their racism. 285 00:14:38,919 --> 00:14:41,840 But just because bad people use their incomplete understanding of 286 00:14:41,840 --> 00:14:44,799 evolution to support their bad ideas does not mean that 287 00:14:44,840 --> 00:14:48,240 their bad ideas are inherently linked with evolution. As I 288 00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:51,679 just explained. A proper modern understanding of evolution would have 289 00:14:51,799 --> 00:14:54,639 us do away with racism entirely if we were actually 290 00:14:54,639 --> 00:14:56,360 basing our ideas on rigorous science. 291 00:14:57,080 --> 00:15:00,320 Speaker 3: So before Thauridism, we didn't need to have a hearts 292 00:15:00,360 --> 00:15:04,480 of off race because everyone was equal in the eyes 293 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:04,879 of God. 294 00:15:05,399 --> 00:15:08,480 Speaker 2: Come on, man, you literally just finish pointing out the 295 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:11,639 fact that Europeans were traveling the globe and committing genocides 296 00:15:11,720 --> 00:15:14,559 everywhere they went because they saw those other people as 297 00:15:14,639 --> 00:15:17,360 less than How does that square with the whole We 298 00:15:17,399 --> 00:15:21,000 didn't have a concept of race because everyone was equal thing. Hell, 299 00:15:21,080 --> 00:15:22,919 how does that square with the story of fina Haas 300 00:15:22,960 --> 00:15:25,840 in number twenty five. That's the story where God's favorite 301 00:15:25,919 --> 00:15:29,679 race of people were intermarrying with the dirty Midianites, so 302 00:15:29,759 --> 00:15:32,440 God afflicted them with a plague. The thing that stopped 303 00:15:32,440 --> 00:15:36,440 the plague was fina Haas heroically murdering an interracial couple 304 00:15:36,679 --> 00:15:39,440 for the crime of being an interracial couple. The result 305 00:15:39,480 --> 00:15:42,320 of this is that he was rewarded with a perpetual priesthood. 306 00:15:42,919 --> 00:15:45,960 Now sure, from the modern concept of race based on 307 00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:49,399 skin color, the Midianites were probably the same as the Hebrews, 308 00:15:49,639 --> 00:15:52,200 But just because our modern concept of race is not 309 00:15:52,360 --> 00:15:55,679 identical to historical concepts of race, does not mean that 310 00:15:55,720 --> 00:15:58,440 the historical ones did not exist. It was still an 311 00:15:58,480 --> 00:16:00,759 in group and an outgroup that was based mostly on 312 00:16:00,799 --> 00:16:02,120 what culture you were born into. 313 00:16:03,120 --> 00:16:06,600 Speaker 3: And now with the rise of Darwinism, the world's about 314 00:16:06,639 --> 00:16:13,559 it according to race as well. Because of evolution theory, 315 00:16:14,200 --> 00:16:16,559 people start to believe in eugenics, which is the idea 316 00:16:16,679 --> 00:16:20,559 that stupid people, people who are not white, they should 317 00:16:20,559 --> 00:16:24,960 be sterilized because whe let them live, they would just 318 00:16:25,080 --> 00:16:27,840 all they would do is dilute the genetic pool. 319 00:16:27,879 --> 00:16:30,360 Speaker 2: Okay, there is a lot more to the story of 320 00:16:30,399 --> 00:16:34,120 eugenics than that oversimplification, but yes, I can agree that 321 00:16:34,159 --> 00:16:36,840 trying to force people to either procreate or not based 322 00:16:36,879 --> 00:16:39,879 on characteristics that are seen as either desirable or undesirable 323 00:16:40,279 --> 00:16:43,519 is a bad thing. Again, though, a modern understanding of 324 00:16:43,519 --> 00:16:46,679 evolution in genetics would suggest that were we to implement 325 00:16:46,720 --> 00:16:49,440 such a program, the best way to increase our robustness 326 00:16:49,440 --> 00:16:51,559 as a species would be to make sure that people 327 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:54,360 only breed with people whose genomes are significantly different from 328 00:16:54,399 --> 00:16:57,960 their own in order to increase genetic diversity. Because, ultimately, 329 00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:01,159 from an evolutionary perspective, the more diversity of species has, 330 00:17:01,360 --> 00:17:03,799 the less likely that species is to go extinct. But 331 00:17:03,919 --> 00:17:06,519 once again, I would just like to make it explicit 332 00:17:06,599 --> 00:17:08,960 that having programs that try to push people into these 333 00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:11,799 sorts of reproductive decisions is a bad thing. 334 00:17:12,480 --> 00:17:15,119 Speaker 3: And even today, guys, there are still many people who 335 00:17:15,119 --> 00:17:18,279 believe in racism and eugenics. 336 00:17:18,799 --> 00:17:22,200 Speaker 2: Yeah, there are. Guess which religion most of them belong to, 337 00:17:22,599 --> 00:17:25,759 At least in North America, it's the Christians. And it's 338 00:17:25,799 --> 00:17:28,119 the ones most likely to deny evolution that are most 339 00:17:28,119 --> 00:17:32,079 comfortable being vocally racist, which I would suggest is actually 340 00:17:32,079 --> 00:17:35,200 causally linked. The less educated you are, the more likely 341 00:17:35,240 --> 00:17:37,839 you are to both deny evolution and cling to in 342 00:17:37,880 --> 00:17:39,359 group and out group stereotypes. 343 00:17:40,440 --> 00:17:42,839 Speaker 3: The thing about evolution that's very important is that it's 344 00:17:42,880 --> 00:17:45,720 a teology. Okay, what does that mean. It means that 345 00:17:45,799 --> 00:17:49,079 it's a theory of human progress while God no. 346 00:17:49,599 --> 00:17:52,720 Speaker 2: Teleology is not a theory of human progress without God. 347 00:17:53,039 --> 00:17:56,519 Teleology is the study of causality as a function of purpose. 348 00:17:56,839 --> 00:17:59,000 The only sense in which evolution could be said to 349 00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:01,759 be a teleology is with the view that God guided 350 00:18:01,799 --> 00:18:04,359 the process with the goal of bringing about humanity. But 351 00:18:04,440 --> 00:18:07,799 when evolution is understood as an unguided natural process. It 352 00:18:07,920 --> 00:18:10,720 has no goal in mind, and thus it cannot be 353 00:18:10,799 --> 00:18:11,599 a teleology. 354 00:18:12,559 --> 00:18:17,720 Speaker 3: So even though evolution thinks that geniputation is an accident, 355 00:18:18,039 --> 00:18:21,559 the theology is that will the strong survive and that's 356 00:18:21,680 --> 00:18:23,920 what's right. Okay, still might makes right? 357 00:18:24,640 --> 00:18:28,680 Speaker 2: No, absolutely not. That is a complete misunderstanding of the 358 00:18:28,680 --> 00:18:31,599 concept of survival of the fittest. There is no moral 359 00:18:31,680 --> 00:18:33,920 aspect to survival of the fittest. It's not that the 360 00:18:34,039 --> 00:18:38,039 strongest surviving is good or desirable. It's just what happens. 361 00:18:38,240 --> 00:18:40,799 But it's not even about strength per se. It's more 362 00:18:40,839 --> 00:18:44,200 about an organism being the best fit for its ecological niche. 363 00:18:44,480 --> 00:18:47,079 The one that fits the niche better will survive over 364 00:18:47,119 --> 00:18:49,160 one that doesn't fit it quite so well. If it 365 00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:52,279 were about strength and domination, then why do pray animals 366 00:18:52,319 --> 00:18:55,640 survive as well as predators. Clearly the gazelle was weaker 367 00:18:55,680 --> 00:18:59,160 than the lion, and yet pick any ecosystem on the 368 00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:01,759 planet and you'll find that there are significantly more prey 369 00:19:01,799 --> 00:19:05,559 animals than predators by population numbers. The week seem to 370 00:19:05,599 --> 00:19:08,799 be winning by a lot, almost like the strongest survive 371 00:19:09,160 --> 00:19:10,839 is an inaccurate oversimplification. 372 00:19:11,759 --> 00:19:15,119 Speaker 3: So in many ways, evolution is a rejection of Christianity. 373 00:19:15,599 --> 00:19:18,519 Speaker 2: Tell that to Francis Collins, the highly respected scientist who 374 00:19:18,559 --> 00:19:22,119 headed the Human Genome Project and founded Biologos, an organization 375 00:19:22,240 --> 00:19:25,839 dedicated almost entirely to explaining why evolution is not a 376 00:19:25,880 --> 00:19:27,759 rejection of Christianity. 377 00:19:27,920 --> 00:19:33,079 Speaker 3: So you would think that Christians would oppose Darwinism and 378 00:19:33,079 --> 00:19:37,240 evolutionary theory. Well, it was surprising is that when the 379 00:19:37,240 --> 00:19:40,720 book came out in eighteen fifty nine, only twenty years, 380 00:19:41,160 --> 00:19:43,960 the fear of evolution would come to dominate the entire 381 00:19:44,119 --> 00:19:44,839 Western world. 382 00:19:45,319 --> 00:19:48,200 Speaker 2: Turns out, true things are true, even if they contradict 383 00:19:48,240 --> 00:19:50,319 your religion, and if you can show a true thing 384 00:19:50,359 --> 00:19:52,880 to be true, then people who want to believe true 385 00:19:52,920 --> 00:19:55,559 things will come to believe it. 386 00:19:55,559 --> 00:19:59,880 Speaker 3: It became the dominant idea in schools, in diversities into sciences. 387 00:20:00,319 --> 00:20:04,680 Do you mean today evolution is a dominant paradigm, meaning 388 00:20:04,720 --> 00:20:07,599 that you cannot question evolution. 389 00:20:08,039 --> 00:20:11,519 Speaker 2: Quite the contrary. Questioning aspects of evolution is how scientific 390 00:20:11,559 --> 00:20:14,440 progress is made. Questioning the theory as a whole, though, 391 00:20:14,759 --> 00:20:16,720 shows you to either be ignorant or a liar. 392 00:20:17,359 --> 00:20:21,119 Speaker 3: If you question evolution, it means you're crazy. Okay, but 393 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:24,519 I'm crazy. So we're gonna question evolution today. 394 00:20:25,519 --> 00:20:27,519 Speaker 2: You said it, not me. I just said that you 395 00:20:27,559 --> 00:20:29,599 are either ignorant or a liar. For this guy, my 396 00:20:29,640 --> 00:20:32,400 money's on ignorant. Unlike the creationists who have PhDs in 397 00:20:32,400 --> 00:20:34,920 relevant fields, he doesn't seem to have the required level 398 00:20:34,920 --> 00:20:36,240 of understanding to be a liar. 399 00:20:37,599 --> 00:20:43,559 Speaker 3: All right, so you've said this in schoolall But evolution 400 00:20:43,720 --> 00:20:47,039 means we came from monkeys, apes, and then there were 401 00:20:47,119 --> 00:20:51,559 different species of humans, and eventually the best are species, 402 00:20:51,559 --> 00:20:53,200 the Homo sapiens, won out. 403 00:20:53,759 --> 00:20:56,160 Speaker 2: I really hate it when people put value judgments on 404 00:20:56,200 --> 00:20:59,160 species not going extinct. We aren't the best of the 405 00:20:59,200 --> 00:21:01,559 species of humans. We just happen to be better at 406 00:21:01,559 --> 00:21:04,559 occupying our ecological niche than the other species did, so 407 00:21:04,599 --> 00:21:05,960 we're the ones that survived. 408 00:21:06,920 --> 00:21:11,680 Speaker 3: Okay, So what evolution says is that we are just 409 00:21:11,720 --> 00:21:15,039 a monkey. Guys. Okay, we're just a monkey. And what 410 00:21:15,079 --> 00:21:17,640 do monkeys do. Monkeys like to have sex, monkeys like 411 00:21:17,720 --> 00:21:19,759 to eat, Monkeys like to fart. That's all we are. 412 00:21:19,759 --> 00:21:20,559 We're just monkeys. 413 00:21:21,079 --> 00:21:25,039 Speaker 2: We're not just monkeys. It's weird how he keeps flipping 414 00:21:25,039 --> 00:21:27,640 between using supremacist language that aligns with the idea that 415 00:21:27,680 --> 00:21:30,720 we are superior and so are justified in wiping out 416 00:21:30,759 --> 00:21:34,000 the inferior races, and then the dismissive language like this, 417 00:21:34,119 --> 00:21:36,480 where if evolution is true, we're all just a bunch 418 00:21:36,519 --> 00:21:40,559 of monkeys. In reality, evolution is value neutral. We just 419 00:21:40,759 --> 00:21:43,559 are what we are. But as long as you're disparaging it, 420 00:21:43,599 --> 00:21:45,920 could you at least be consistent instead of flipping back 421 00:21:45,920 --> 00:21:48,079 and forth between mutually exclusive concepts. 422 00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:54,000 Speaker 3: But there are certain problems with this theory. Okay, the 423 00:21:54,039 --> 00:21:58,759 first problem is if you look at evolutionary theory, what 424 00:21:58,839 --> 00:22:04,400 you should have a diversity as this species develops. 425 00:22:05,039 --> 00:22:09,960 Speaker 2: There is well. Morphologically speaking, humans are morphologically very diverse, 426 00:22:10,160 --> 00:22:13,920 as different populations adapted to different environments. Genetically speaking, though, 427 00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:16,440 humans are on the low end of the diversity spectrum. 428 00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:19,160 Speaker 3: But so why is it that we only have one 429 00:22:20,119 --> 00:22:23,400 human species? Weren't there many different. 430 00:22:23,160 --> 00:22:27,440 Speaker 2: Ones evolutionary luck of the draw, There were other human species, 431 00:22:27,599 --> 00:22:30,480 but they went extinct. The reason is debated. Could have 432 00:22:30,519 --> 00:22:33,400 been climate change. There could have been out competed for resources. 433 00:22:34,160 --> 00:22:36,079 We could have even just bred them out of existence. 434 00:22:36,240 --> 00:22:39,240 The Homo sapiens population was much larger than the other species, 435 00:22:39,279 --> 00:22:41,880 of human so it is possible that we just kind 436 00:22:41,880 --> 00:22:44,640 of assimilated their genetic material into our own as time 437 00:22:44,680 --> 00:22:47,440 went on, like a non cyborg borg sort of thing. 438 00:22:48,519 --> 00:22:53,079 Speaker 3: Well, the argument is that there are there were many 439 00:22:53,119 --> 00:22:56,559 different species before, but we won out. 440 00:22:56,960 --> 00:22:59,480 Speaker 2: Yes, for one reason or another, we became the last 441 00:22:59,480 --> 00:23:00,000 one's standard. 442 00:23:00,880 --> 00:23:06,279 Speaker 3: Okay, okay, that's fine, But another problem is why are 443 00:23:06,319 --> 00:23:07,799 we going around the world. 444 00:23:08,559 --> 00:23:11,039 Speaker 2: We weren't the only ones doing that. The locations where 445 00:23:11,079 --> 00:23:13,559 we found the fossils of the other human species indicate 446 00:23:13,559 --> 00:23:15,759 that the various species of humans were spread out all 447 00:23:15,759 --> 00:23:16,400 over the place. 448 00:23:17,599 --> 00:23:20,880 Speaker 3: Okay, so all sies of human beings like to migrate, 449 00:23:22,039 --> 00:23:24,079 but primates don't do that. 450 00:23:25,119 --> 00:23:28,559 Speaker 2: Primates do do that because we do that, and we 451 00:23:28,720 --> 00:23:32,240 are primates. Why did the non human primates not do that? 452 00:23:32,599 --> 00:23:34,519 I don't know, but it's far from the only example 453 00:23:34,519 --> 00:23:37,559 of closely related species engaging in wildly different behavior. My 454 00:23:37,720 --> 00:23:41,519 dog is very closely related to wild wolves, So why 455 00:23:41,519 --> 00:23:43,720 don't wild wolves get excited every time they see a 456 00:23:43,799 --> 00:23:46,119 human and start begging for pets? And if she ever 457 00:23:46,160 --> 00:23:48,680 had to survive on her own hunting skills, she wouldn't 458 00:23:48,759 --> 00:23:50,160 last long at all. 459 00:23:50,319 --> 00:23:54,240 Speaker 3: Why is that humans like to migrate, and so the 460 00:23:54,319 --> 00:23:58,079 explanation often is what bigs a climate change because of 461 00:23:58,160 --> 00:24:04,720 war because humans are chasing game okay, bisons and food. 462 00:24:05,440 --> 00:24:09,400 But then how to explain these people, Okay, these are 463 00:24:09,440 --> 00:24:14,480 people who where to populate the Pacific islands Micronesia. That's 464 00:24:14,519 --> 00:24:15,559 kind of weird. 465 00:24:15,720 --> 00:24:18,519 Speaker 2: So Micronesia are the islands that are closest to the mainland. 466 00:24:18,519 --> 00:24:21,119 But he was gesturing at Polynesia. The first human migration 467 00:24:21,200 --> 00:24:24,079 to Polynesia, the hardest islands to get to, was the 468 00:24:24,200 --> 00:24:27,119 last great human migration to occur. Pretty sure you can 469 00:24:27,119 --> 00:24:29,400 figure out why it was the last one. It's timing 470 00:24:29,480 --> 00:24:32,720 coincides with a severe centuries long drought in the easier 471 00:24:32,720 --> 00:24:36,000 to find Micronesia, Melanesia and on the mainland. There is 472 00:24:36,039 --> 00:24:39,119 evidence that humans landed on the Polynesian islands well before 473 00:24:39,160 --> 00:24:41,599 they settled there. Given the timing, this indicates that they 474 00:24:41,599 --> 00:24:43,839 were likely searching for food and in the process we're 475 00:24:43,839 --> 00:24:46,440 developing their maritime skills that later allowed them to settle 476 00:24:46,480 --> 00:24:47,079 the islands. 477 00:24:47,920 --> 00:24:50,960 Speaker 3: First of all, it's really dangerous to go out to 478 00:24:50,960 --> 00:24:55,000 the Pacific for months and months, right. Also, like, how 479 00:24:55,079 --> 00:24:57,519 do they know that there'll be islands waiting for them 480 00:24:57,640 --> 00:24:58,359 in the Pacific. 481 00:24:58,799 --> 00:25:00,920 Speaker 2: If the reason they went there were because of the drought, 482 00:25:01,319 --> 00:25:03,799 they didn't. They were desperate to find other sources of 483 00:25:03,799 --> 00:25:05,759 food to supplement their failing to supply at home. 484 00:25:06,319 --> 00:25:10,079 Speaker 3: So that's something that's very odd about human beings. In fact, 485 00:25:10,200 --> 00:25:12,559 there are lots of things that are really odd about 486 00:25:12,640 --> 00:25:14,000 us that other animals don't do. 487 00:25:14,720 --> 00:25:18,559 Speaker 2: And that is a true statement of literally every species. 488 00:25:18,920 --> 00:25:22,319 Every single species has at least one feature or behavior 489 00:25:22,400 --> 00:25:25,559 or something that makes it unique. If it were not unique, 490 00:25:25,599 --> 00:25:27,559 it would not be its own species. It would be 491 00:25:27,559 --> 00:25:31,440 part of another species, which would be unique in some way. Amusingly, 492 00:25:31,799 --> 00:25:34,880 uniqueness is one of the least unique characteristics there is. 493 00:25:35,599 --> 00:25:43,839 Speaker 3: For example, we're very religious. Okay, okay, So the Neanthdols 494 00:25:43,920 --> 00:25:47,279 are supposed to be before Homo sapiens. But as you 495 00:25:47,279 --> 00:25:52,039 can see, what we discovered are these religious ritual sites, 496 00:25:52,200 --> 00:25:57,079 the Neananthols, wherein the Anthos engage in religious ritual practice. 497 00:25:57,160 --> 00:25:57,920 That's kind of weird. 498 00:25:58,640 --> 00:26:01,279 Speaker 2: Yeah, it is weird, but it demonstrates that our species 499 00:26:01,279 --> 00:26:03,599 of human were not unique in their development of religion. 500 00:26:04,319 --> 00:26:07,079 Speaker 3: What does your religion have to do with survival? In fact, 501 00:26:07,160 --> 00:26:10,160 you can argue that religion is the waste of time. 502 00:26:10,759 --> 00:26:13,680 Speaker 2: I do argue that, but it does help with survival 503 00:26:13,799 --> 00:26:17,240 in a social species that relies largely on cooperation, like humans. 504 00:26:17,480 --> 00:26:18,880 It's a way to signal that you're part of the 505 00:26:18,960 --> 00:26:21,279 in group, so that you are someone who is trustworthy 506 00:26:21,319 --> 00:26:23,559 and with whom it is okay to share resources. 507 00:26:23,960 --> 00:26:26,759 Speaker 3: Why aren't they hunting? Why are they using so much 508 00:26:26,920 --> 00:26:32,039 resources and time in building these ritual. 509 00:26:31,720 --> 00:26:34,200 Speaker 2: Sites because they had finally gotten to a point in 510 00:26:34,200 --> 00:26:37,200 their evolutionary development where they had time that didn't need 511 00:26:37,240 --> 00:26:40,799 to be dedicated exclusively to survival. I'm going to stop here. 512 00:26:40,880 --> 00:26:42,839 The video that I have went on a bit further 513 00:26:42,839 --> 00:26:45,200 into the lecture, but he is essentially done with evolution 514 00:26:45,279 --> 00:26:47,720 at this point. He pivots to talking about how humans 515 00:26:47,799 --> 00:26:51,920 work together instinctually, and like Noe, we're a social species. 516 00:26:51,960 --> 00:26:54,839 That's what we do. Today's common today comes to us 517 00:26:54,839 --> 00:26:57,920 from Somerset case One, who says, calling loneliness a god 518 00:26:57,920 --> 00:27:00,799 shaped hole is like calling hunger a chef shape. You're 519 00:27:00,799 --> 00:27:05,000 not missing God, you're missing dinner and company. Geez man, 520 00:27:05,079 --> 00:27:08,039 it's really harsh. Doing a better job than I did 521 00:27:08,039 --> 00:27:09,839 at making the point I took a whole last video 522 00:27:09,839 --> 00:27:13,680 to make in just a single sentence rude. Thanks for watching. 523 00:27:13,759 --> 00:27:15,279 I'll be back next Friday with more, but if you 524 00:27:15,279 --> 00:27:16,599 need to get your rye efix in before then. I 525 00:27:16,680 --> 00:27:18,680 lastream was service every Wednesday eight thirty East around my 526 00:27:18,720 --> 00:27:21,519 other channel, a watering Hole, and periodically published shorts on 527 00:27:21,559 --> 00:27:23,759 the channel Vice Rhino Shorts. Thanks to Piper for being 528 00:27:23,839 --> 00:27:26,000 my editor, and special thanks as always to my patrons, 529 00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:28,519 who are the racism that didn't exist before the evolution 530 00:27:28,680 --> 00:27:31,359 that is my channel was discovered. If you'd like to 531 00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:33,559 ignore the majority of human history to make a point, 532 00:27:33,680 --> 00:27:35,200 you can join us on Patreon for as little as 533 00:27:35,200 --> 00:27:36,920 a dollar per week over at patreon dot com slash 534 00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:38,799 Vice Rhino, or by supporting the channel and one of 535 00:27:38,839 --> 00:27:40,279 the other methods. I can be foun at linkstad vice 536 00:27:40,279 --> 00:27:41,960 around dot com, which is also where you'll find links 537 00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:43,799 to my other projects. If for whatever reason you want 538 00:27:43,799 --> 00:27:45,799 to send me stuff, my pobox addresses in the description 539 00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:47,279 see next Time