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Speaker 1: You were listening to Petlifradio dot com.

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Speaker 2: And good morning or good afternoons, all whatever in the

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case may be. As I'm here in I mean we

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here in California. I hate to make you guys in

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the eastfield jealous. Hopefully maybe it's getting better for you.

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But it was eighty two or eighty three degrees yesterday

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and they're expecting another scorcher today.

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Speaker 3: It was absolutely beautiful. And I'm back from my trip.

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Speaker 2: I was attending the Global Pet Expo this is now

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going back a week and a half ago in Orlando, Florida,

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and had a chance to meet up with some of

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our other hosts here on pet Life Radio. Michelle Fern

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was there with Best Pets for Pets, Megan Blake was

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Super Smiley Adventure. Jody Miller has a show that's called

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Bark and Sweat. I grow this around. But Jamie Mikedalads

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has a new show called Pets Mean Business. That'll be

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a good roe so tune in for Pets Mean Business

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and also a new show coming up Jill Rappaport talking

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about shelter Pets and Rescue. Something right up my alley

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as well. And after the trade show, I had a

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chance to go straight Ferlando, try to find a flight

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that does that straight to Park City, Utah, and spent

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a few days on the amazing slopes in Park City.

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It was absolutely gorgeous, total spring scam. And there are

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people out there skiing and snowboarding in shorts and no

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shirts guys of course, and it was very warm and

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very gorgeous. And then had to come back to reality

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at my hospital and had a good week and interesting.

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Last Sunday, we got an email from a listener and

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basically it is a question for a doctor.

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Speaker 3: He wanted to know how to get a hold of

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doctor Jeff.

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Speaker 2: He goes by just JB and so JB had a

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really interesting question. They have a dog and they were

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in the process of adding another poppy to the mix

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and wanted to know some tips or suggestions how the

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best way.

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Speaker 3: To go about it.

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Speaker 2: And what's interesting is, first of that's great question, JB.

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Thanks for calling in. We need you to call back

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in and give your email or your your address information.

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We want to send you out a pro sense pet

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product as well as a Kong toy as hosts of

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our show, because without our host won't we won't be

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here to talk to you every week to hopefully give

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you some good advice, to be a sounding board. You

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can call in and ask me questions. In fact, let's

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get to that real fast. If you want to get

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a hold of me, please do so. It's painless.

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Speaker 3: Ask JB.

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Speaker 2: He just he sent me. I got an alert on

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my phone. I got to back to him in like

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two minutes. So that's how easy it is. Eight seven

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seven three eight five eight eight A two. Just pick

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up your phone once again. It's holl free eight seven

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seven three eight five eight eight A two and just

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ask me anything, dogs and cats. I'll probably give you

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an answer this instant. Anything else, I may be able

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to give an answer. If not, I'm going to get

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an answer for you. I will talk to my respective

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colleagues and we will go from there and we'll kind

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of make sure we want to help you, give you

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information to help you sift through all the data that's

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out there. An unbelievable amount of data is out there.

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Why because of the Internet. We call it the World

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Wide Web.

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Speaker 3: And though the.

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Speaker 2: Internet is a great source of information, unfortunately it's a

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huge source of misinformation. And I wouldn't always say misinformation

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like the information is wrong.

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Speaker 3: But a lot of times you go on the Internet and.

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Speaker 2: It directs you to spaces, to places as far as

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the diagnosis, as far as the treatment that are sort

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of out there on the fringes number one or or

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what the internet likes to do is kind of what

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they do in school. When you're in a teaching hospital

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in veterinary school, you are getting some pretty bizarre cases.

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And I mentioned this before many time, And the reality is,

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the truth matter is that when you're in practice, when

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you take your pet to your local veterinarian, chances are

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the problem at hand is not one of those on

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the fringe. Chances are, it's the more typical problem that

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we see every single day. So A, we're not going

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to panic, and B we're going to be a lot

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more practical in our approach to the case because we

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are going to treat first and rule out first the

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much more common issues. Then we are going to the

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more esoteric, rare instances on these diseases that you might

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might see once an entire practice career. If I can

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mention diseases that I know a lot of these people,

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these veterinarians are looking for that you probably have been

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heard of and I may have heard of only in textbook,

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and things that you just don't see, or if you

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do see.

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Speaker 3: It's extremely rare.

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Speaker 2: So purpose of our show is to help you sort

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of go through all the possibilities. Let's get the more

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common things listed first. Let's rule out the more common things.

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So call and ask me questions, and at best, at

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best I can just maybe modify an approach that you're

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better and maybe taking maybe not, maybe you're going to

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veterinarian like I am and likes to be, you know,

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look at the problem, look at the more likely solutions,

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and just take it. Step out of time, one step.

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Let's rule in the more common or rule out the

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more common. If it's not that, let's go to the

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next one. Not that, let's go to the next one.

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Let's get you an answer, but in a practical approach,

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one that's not going to rob you, one that's not

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going to break your bank. And that's just a better

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approach to medicine. So anyway, so JB asked this question,

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and the question was they are getting a new dog,

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a new puppy, and they are concerned knowing and judging

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from the behavior of the resident dog, that how to

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best make this introduction positive. And by the way, the

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information that we're going to talk about right now is

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no different than introducing new people into the house, introducing

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a new baby into the house. I get this all

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the time, and the mechanics are the same. And there

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is a new baby, whether it's a new puppy, a

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new key, a new person, a new boyfriend, girlfriend, you know,

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right now there's a relationship that's been established between the

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resident dog and everybody else. So what we need to

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do is sort of plan an approach, plan an attack,

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and make some sense out of it and make it

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practical for your pet and for you. And most of

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the often we are doing things wrong the natural inclination.

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Speaker 3: I'm going to leave you this. We have a caller

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on the line.

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Speaker 2: I want to get to that caller and we can

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put this on a hold for a second. But most

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people think about and their approach before you reason this

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out with.

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Speaker 3: Me we're going to do in just a second is wrong.

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Speaker 2: So that's the funny part from my perspective, is that

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natural first step, knee jerk reflex is wrong. So I'm

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going to leave that in your minds while you're thinking

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about what is what we're talking about here, and we

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are going to go to the caller.

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Speaker 3: Hello, caller, you're on the line with doctor Jeff. Hello, Hello,

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can you hear me?

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Speaker 4: My name is Jane. Yes, I can hear you.

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Speaker 3: Can you absolutely?

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Speaker 4: I have a shifting mouths old black lab Oh. She's beautiful,

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but she's scared. Okay, she's real scared of people. And

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I've realized black people anything black like. I had her

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in the yard this morning and there's ducks, and the

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white ducks came up and she was fine, and a

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black duck came up and she went nuts. How can

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I calm the dog down and not have her be

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so scared of you know, sometimes she'll walk and sometimes

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she won't. She's scared of other people. Now, there are

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some dogs she likes to play with. When she has

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her tail between her legs, does.

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Speaker 3: That mean usually when the chill tune leg they are frightened.

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Speaker 2: I don't think a labrador would be a fear bier,

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but it's something to watch for.

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Speaker 3: Now, let me ask you a question.

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Speaker 2: Fifteen months old, have you had her since she's a

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little puppy or did you a doct My.

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Speaker 4: Daughter has Yes, my daughter's had her for a year

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and now she just gave her to me.

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Speaker 3: Okay.

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Speaker 2: So usually when there is a fear, especially a fear

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that doesn't quite make sense, there had to have been

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at some point in her little fifteen month old life

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and experience that scared her. And what so interesting, let

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me give you add something to that. Sometimes it doesn't

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even make sense, but I'll explain why. Let's say, for example,

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something happened that hurt her or frightened her, and when

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she looked up, and she looked up from this incidents,

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whatever it was, there was a black person nearby, an

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African American. Okay, so what happened the association this person

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had nothing to do with it, But the association is there.

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So it doesn't always mean that an African American or

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someone of dark skin actually came up to her and

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beat her. It means that something happened. She may have

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done something as simple as slipping off of a curb

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in the rain, and then right next to her, coming

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walking towards her, was an African American or someone of color.

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Right now, she's afraid, so first we have to get that.

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Speaker 3: So go ahead.

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Speaker 4: She's afraid of other things, though not just blacks. But

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I'm noted at my house. She's really afraid of blacks.

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How do we get her to be afraid of you know,

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just walking around? Yeah, we thought maybe she was a fighter,

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you know dog that was you know how they train

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dogs down in Florida. They have a fight, But I

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don't know a bait dog.

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Speaker 3: Yes, but totally possible. Totally possible.

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Speaker 2: So the basic approach to these behavior problems are something

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with two things. We actually call it. We want to desensitize,

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first of all, and we want to counter condition.

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Speaker 3: What does that mean.

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Speaker 2: That means that right now there is a stimulus that

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is frightening her. We need to start minimizing the stimulus

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by in a sense pardon the pun, color coding it

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to the point where she's getting it in lesser doses.

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And then we're going to countercondition her to actually like it.

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Speaker 3: So we're going to take something. So let me give

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you a perfect example.

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Speaker 2: We got to And by the way, when we are

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talking about behavior modification, there are a number of approaches.

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One that has fallen way out of favor. One day particular,

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non certified behavior non veterinarian has been promoting in his

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show on National Geographic that's about the best I can say.

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That's called flooding. We do not flooding. Flooding Is this

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all right? I'll give you a perfect example of what

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flooding is. You take a person who has a fear

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of flying, okay, and I mean a real fear. I

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mean a fear that their blood pressure goes up. They

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will literally, you know what, in their pants. They are

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frightened to death and fighting with the following. A pilot

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who's got a little piper cup or a little Cessna

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two seater takes this guy up, straps him in the seat,

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and goes into the Grand Canyon and starts flying literally

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right at the walls, right at the mountain side.

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Speaker 4: And then.

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Speaker 2: He pulls up, and then he turns, and he shrills

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and goes through all of this stuff, and meanwhile this

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poor guy in the other seat is literally losing it.

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Speaker 3: And then find a lance.

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Speaker 2: The planning has said yes, say yes, say I didn't die.

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Speaker 3: You're seeing it. Be afraid.

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Speaker 2: That doesn't work. The studies have shown that the damage,

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the emotional damage, the physical damage way way out weighs

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the fact that the initial fear. So what we need

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to do is take a whole different new approach, which

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is desensitization and counter conditioning.

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Speaker 3: In essence, what we're.

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Speaker 2: Going to do is take this beautiful dog of yours

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and we are going to identify some of the triggers.

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We are going to soften those triggers, and not only

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just soften them, but we are going to associate them

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with something that as a labrador, And I am a

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labrador guy, and I have two right now, dozens and

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forty years I only I mean I have other dogs too,

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but it's always been labs as well. I know labradors

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are pretty food motivated. My labradors will eat anything that's

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not bolted down or doesn't eat them first. So typically

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you can use food to your advantage when you're dealing

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with a lab So what you're going to do now,

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you're going to take this watered down version of whatever

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it is and you are.

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Speaker 3: Going to turn into something good. So let me give

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you an example.

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Speaker 2: Let's say the dark skin is something that is frightening her.

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Speaker 3: Why, we have no idea.

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Speaker 2: So we are going to start identifying friends of yours,

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whether they're Cuban. You said you're down in Florida, right, Okay,

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so Cuban or South American, Central American, whether they are Indian,

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just people of darker skin than you.

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Speaker 3: Okay, okay, and you.

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Speaker 2: Are going to withhold her favorite treat. Let's say, just

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for example, it's a piece of hot dog, just an example.

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So for the next several weeks, she doesn't get any

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more piece of hot dog from you. However, Okay, you

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are going to think about people you work with, people

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you're friends with, people your friends are friends with, and

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you're going to start having these people of slightly darker.

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Speaker 3: Skin and you're going to create it.

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Speaker 2: First it's going to be the very light brown skin,

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and then it's going to go to darker brown skin.

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Then it could have going to me after my Sunday

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sitting in the sun yesterday because I'm pretty.

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Speaker 3: Tan right now.

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Speaker 2: And then you continue to get darker and darker and

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small doses. But every time what's her name by the way, ConA,

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And you're gonna have give those treats and you're gonna

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make it fun.

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Speaker 3: And ConA is gonna come.

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Speaker 2: And she's gonna see that bag of hot dogs and

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she's actually gonna come to them to get her treats.

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Speaker 4: Okay, Well, you know this morning I had a funny

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thing in the night. She we went to sleep early,

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so I woke up in the night and I thought,

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you know, maybe she has to go to the bathroom,

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and brought her outdoors and the sprinklers were on, and

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she loved it. She played in the sprinklers today. I

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brought her outside. Yeah, And then the neighbor came over

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with her black dogs. And the neighbor is very, very

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gentle with dogs, and we got her to finally nuzzle

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up to the black dogs and we gave her jerky

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and she loved it. And so then she told her

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she was a good.

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Speaker 2: Dog, right, And that's that right, absolutely right, and never see.

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Speaker 4: Them and do the same thing with people feel white

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or whatever that she's afraid of.

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Speaker 2: And what you're gonna do is you're gonna you're gonna

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use a terminology that I like. You can use anything

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you want, but ConA, let's go find a friend. Let's

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go find a friend. And so now here's what's gonna happen.

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The term find a friend or whatever you decide to use,

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and these people and the treats start all going together.

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She's gonna get food reward, great labrador food. Motivated, She's

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gonna find a friend. She's gonna learn that whatever she

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was afraid of, she will no longer be afraid of.

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Speaker 3: And not only would she not be afraid, but she's

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gonna look forward to it.

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Speaker 2: She's gonna be walking with you, and she's gonna see

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someone who's a little darker than yours.

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Speaker 3: She's gonna run up to them, and you're gonna hoping

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she's gonna get her treat.

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Speaker 4: So or any people. I mean, I just know for me, yeah,

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she's afraid of anybody, but here at my house black

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people especially.

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Speaker 3: Okay, So that's what anybody we need to just do.

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Speaker 2: And you have to ask, and you know, I always

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when you're dealing with behavior modification, you have to ask

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your friends, your neighbors for participations. Guys, this is going

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to be so crazy, but you know what I'm working on, Kona.

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When you come over, it right at my front door.

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Speaker 4: A piece of Almost all my neighbors are have dogs,

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so that's pretty much not an issue. They understand, and

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I've told them so in the ducks too. The first

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she actually at my daughter's, she used to chase the seagulls. Well,

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here I had her in the yard and she was

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not the least, but she didn't try to get away.

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She was on a change, she said, And watch the

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ducks because I told her she was a good dog

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and gave her a treat.

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Speaker 3: Now exactly normal.

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Speaker 4: It takes them right.

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Speaker 3: What you have to do. And again, first of all,

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another thing to remember.

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Speaker 2: A labrador, just like the Australian shepherds and the and

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the border colleagues, are natural herders. They do the agility,

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they are so good at it. That's what they do.

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Labradors are hunters. They're hunting dogs. That's why they're used much,

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of course, so you got to just keep that in mind.

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But I will tell you, since the ducks can't actively

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participate in our desensitization counter conditioning game, you have to

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be therefore, so when you see the lakona a duck,

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oh my god, good girl, sit good, Yeah, give her

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the treat. Oh my god, you're such a good girl.

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So the whole idea is dogs learn from positive reinforcement.

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They most hopefully many at least, are very treat motivated

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and you can use those things to your advantage. And

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nothing about treats, I mean just you know, a lot

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of people don't like using treats and training. I'm not

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one of them, but I will say this, very very

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00:16:38,480 --> 00:16:43,480
small amounts dogs do not appreciate or understand volume. They

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appreciate the I'm talking tiny bit. Not only that, Not

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only that that the smaller amount you give them.

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Speaker 3: The more they're going to want more.

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Speaker 2: I mean I am, I am an ice cream nut.

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I mean back in the day, I would sit down

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with a pint hagadas and I'd polish that thing off

349
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in ten minutes. Now I couldn't get to the second pint.

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But if I only had a little teeny spoonful each bite,

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I'm going to want to keep going. So the whole

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00:17:08,799 --> 00:17:12,640
idea is give them small amounts and let them appreciate It.

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00:17:12,839 --> 00:17:15,559
Always coupled, always, whenever you give a treat, it's always

354
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coupled with oh, you're such a good girl, cone, you're

355
00:17:18,519 --> 00:17:22,359
so good petting her, Because pretty soon, pretty soon that

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00:17:22,759 --> 00:17:25,640
petting and good girl is going to replace the treat.

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She's going to get the same satisfaction. We call it

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operant conditioning. Whether it's a clicker, whether it's a good girl,

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whether whatever it is, the association would be that she

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will derive the same pleasure of the good girl girl

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pat on the head, hugging kiss that she would.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, hat she got in the treat itself.

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Speaker 4: And the same thing getting her off my sofa. I've

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only nested to get her off one right, and I

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put her her bed down and I told her to

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get on it, and she did so I gave her

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a little treat.

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Speaker 2: Absolutely absolutely, all right, thank you very much. Yeah, good

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luck with con And then make sure staying a line

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and good at the office. Give us a call in fact,

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00:18:01,240 --> 00:18:03,799
then you send a picture along to Mark over at

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00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:05,960
pet Life Radio. And also make sure we get your

373
00:18:05,960 --> 00:18:08,480
addressed with Sitting Out a really great contoy and a

374
00:18:08,519 --> 00:18:11,000
pro sense product for Kona, our producer answers to the phone.

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00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:13,200
Just give him all your info, Okay, he'll.

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00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:17,000
Speaker 4: Tell you all right, a right bye bye.

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00:18:17,240 --> 00:18:20,720
Speaker 2: So that's a great question, guys. And and just also all

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you know to understand that we are really moving towards

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00:18:24,319 --> 00:18:27,640
operant conditioning, counter conditionings, a desensitization.

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Speaker 3: You know, the art of behavior.

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Speaker 2: Has become a discipline courret now in modern veterinary medicine.

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There are actually many doctors out there, friends and colleagues

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00:18:39,119 --> 00:18:42,160
of mine, that have opted to do a three or

384
00:18:42,200 --> 00:18:45,559
four year residency after veterinary school, after many of them

385
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because it's a newer thing, working in the field for

386
00:18:48,039 --> 00:18:52,759
several years as general practitioners to become board certified veterinary behaviorists.

387
00:18:53,160 --> 00:18:55,319
And if you talk to any of our behavior people,

388
00:18:55,720 --> 00:18:58,680
listen to Arden more here and oh behave you will

389
00:18:58,720 --> 00:19:01,640
hear that the tech tchniques that are being used today

390
00:19:02,039 --> 00:19:05,400
are way different than the ones of thirty years ago,

391
00:19:05,759 --> 00:19:08,000
and we have to respect that. We have to make

392
00:19:08,039 --> 00:19:10,400
our changes, we have to learn and now that we

393
00:19:10,440 --> 00:19:14,799
can actually test dogs and cats and animals in general,

394
00:19:15,160 --> 00:19:19,599
they're psyche if you will, their cortisol levels, their stress levels,

395
00:19:19,839 --> 00:19:22,519
the firing of the nerves, and their brain, we know

396
00:19:23,160 --> 00:19:25,880
how to approach their behavior issues and what we can

397
00:19:25,920 --> 00:19:30,319
do successfully to modify their behaviors. Most of the behaviors

398
00:19:30,319 --> 00:19:34,960
that we see in animals are natural, instinctive behaviors. So

399
00:19:35,039 --> 00:19:39,920
this poor ConA probably had some experience that really frightened her.

400
00:19:39,960 --> 00:19:43,680
And she's not dumb, so she's saying, Wow, I am

401
00:19:43,799 --> 00:19:46,119
not going to let that happen to me again. So

402
00:19:46,240 --> 00:19:49,359
therefore she starts this behavior and now we need to soften,

403
00:19:49,400 --> 00:19:51,519
we need to modify the behavior. So it's very important

404
00:19:51,559 --> 00:19:55,519
to understand where these behaviors come from, what stimulated?

405
00:19:55,920 --> 00:19:56,839
Speaker 3: Was there anything unusual?

406
00:19:56,880 --> 00:19:58,359
Speaker 2: As a matter of fact, if you do have a

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00:19:58,359 --> 00:20:01,039
behavior problem and you end up going to board certified

408
00:20:01,079 --> 00:20:04,799
behaviorist or a behaviorist, a veterary behaviorst or just a

409
00:20:04,839 --> 00:20:08,640
behaviorist in general, someone who really understands the principles of behavior,

410
00:20:08,960 --> 00:20:09,759
your first.

411
00:20:09,519 --> 00:20:10,720
Speaker 3: Visit is going to be a long one.

412
00:20:10,759 --> 00:20:13,680
Speaker 2: Why because you're going to be filling out a history

413
00:20:13,920 --> 00:20:16,519
that it's it's going to be pages long. Because there's

414
00:20:16,720 --> 00:20:20,839
nothing there's no stone that cannot be unturned. We have

415
00:20:20,920 --> 00:20:24,400
to go and explore all the possibilities, all the experiences

416
00:20:24,400 --> 00:20:24,759
that this.

417
00:20:24,759 --> 00:20:26,480
Speaker 3: Dog has had or pet has had.

418
00:20:26,559 --> 00:20:29,559
Speaker 2: All of the changes that may have taken place, because

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00:20:29,680 --> 00:20:34,400
we don't know often or easily what that factor was,

420
00:20:34,720 --> 00:20:37,079
and we have to determine it because that's what we

421
00:20:37,119 --> 00:20:38,920
have to work on. And I can tell you a

422
00:20:38,920 --> 00:20:42,200
story after a story about how things have been done

423
00:20:42,480 --> 00:20:45,200
years ago and how things are being done now, and

424
00:20:45,240 --> 00:20:48,319
it's a huge difference, so real quickly, boy, this time

425
00:20:48,359 --> 00:20:50,880
goes so fast. It's already at that point we have

426
00:20:50,960 --> 00:20:53,119
to kind of say goodbye. But I really want to

427
00:20:53,119 --> 00:20:56,400
get to finish up with that question about how to

428
00:20:56,480 --> 00:21:00,839
introduce a new baby, a new puppy, a new friend

429
00:21:01,039 --> 00:21:05,200
into a home with a resident dog to avoid resentment.

430
00:21:05,519 --> 00:21:09,200
And I told you that most of us, most of

431
00:21:09,279 --> 00:21:13,079
us instinctively do the wrong thing. So I'm really curious

432
00:21:13,119 --> 00:21:14,279
to know. And this is how we're going to leave you.

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00:21:14,319 --> 00:21:16,200
I'm going to leave you thinking for the week, and

434
00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:18,000
you're going to call me next week at eight seven

435
00:21:18,079 --> 00:21:19,880
seven three eight five eight a A two. You're going

436
00:21:19,920 --> 00:21:22,839
to join in on a conversation here at Drjeff at

437
00:21:22,839 --> 00:21:25,119
Petlife Radio dot com. Or you're going to come in

438
00:21:25,319 --> 00:21:26,960
just if you log on, if you go to pet

439
00:21:26,960 --> 00:21:29,640
life radio dot com, click on the astabets with Doctor

440
00:21:29,720 --> 00:21:32,519
Jeff tab and you scroll down and you will see

441
00:21:32,559 --> 00:21:35,759
something that says, join in on the conversation. What That's

442
00:21:35,759 --> 00:21:36,880
what I want you to do. I want you to

443
00:21:36,920 --> 00:21:39,720
start typing away and join in on a conversation. What

444
00:21:39,799 --> 00:21:41,200
I want to know is this. I want to know

445
00:21:41,519 --> 00:21:45,319
what you think or when you've been faced with this situation,

446
00:21:45,759 --> 00:21:49,079
what you've done to help remedy the situation. What have

447
00:21:49,200 --> 00:21:51,880
you done to help ease the tension in your resident

448
00:21:51,960 --> 00:21:56,880
dog pre introduction to the new entity coming to the house,

449
00:21:56,960 --> 00:21:57,759
be at another.

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Speaker 3: Puppy, beat a kitty, beat a baby, beat a friend.

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00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:02,279
Speaker 2: So you're gonna let us know, and then we're going

452
00:22:02,319 --> 00:22:04,640
to talk about what most likely you're doing wrong, or

453
00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:06,960
maybe you're gonna surprise me, maybe you're gonna get it.

454
00:22:07,160 --> 00:22:10,000
But it's very important to know that most of us,

455
00:22:10,440 --> 00:22:13,079
naturally are doing the wrong thing, and we'll talk about

456
00:22:13,079 --> 00:22:15,880
that next week. Once again, I want to thank our sponsors,

457
00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:17,839
pro Sense Pet Products. I want to think Jane for

458
00:22:17,920 --> 00:22:21,359
calling Contoy, so ConA is gonna get lucky. ConA is

459
00:22:21,359 --> 00:22:23,359
going to get a contoy and a pro Sense product.

460
00:22:23,920 --> 00:22:27,640
And we will be here next week nine am Pacific time,

461
00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:31,279
noon Eastern time, and you can always get a hold

462
00:22:31,279 --> 00:22:33,359
of me here at doctor Jeff Dr Jeff petlife radio

463
00:22:33,440 --> 00:22:35,680
dot com during the week. If you're shy, embarrassed and

464
00:22:35,720 --> 00:22:37,440
you want to send me an email, we'll get back

465
00:22:37,440 --> 00:22:39,799
to you and we'll read your email on here.

466
00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:40,759
Speaker 3: See you next week.

467
00:22:41,160 --> 00:22:45,799
Speaker 5: Let's talk Beets every week on demand only on petlife

468
00:22:45,880 --> 00:22:54,640
radio dot Com.

469
00:22:54,839 --> 00:22:57,480
Speaker 3: The views and opinions expressed on this program are those

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00:22:57,519 --> 00:22:59,799
of the hosts and guests and are not necessarily those

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00:22:59,839 --> 00:23:03,119
of this station, its management, or other hosts or advertisers

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00:23:03,160 --> 00:23:04,759
on the Petlife Radio network.