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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Spotlight Advanced. I'm Colin Lowther and.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm Alice Irasari. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting.

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<v Speaker 2>It is easier for people to understand no matter where

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<v Speaker 2>in the world they live.

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<v Speaker 1>It is nineteen sixty nine and a young Stephen Stills

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<v Speaker 1>has a broken heart. The woman that he loves is

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<v Speaker 1>leaving him for someone else. He feels hopeless trying to

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<v Speaker 1>understand how the person he wants so much could be

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<v Speaker 1>gone from his life. He is just a poor musician.

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<v Speaker 1>He has little to offer her, nothing to bring her back,

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<v Speaker 1>so he does the only thing he knows how to do.

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<v Speaker 1>Stephen Still's writes a song.

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<v Speaker 2>The song Sweet Judy Blue Eyes, did not bring back

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<v Speaker 2>the woman that he loved. Stills was not the first

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<v Speaker 2>person to write a love song. Love songs like his

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<v Speaker 2>have been sung for thousands of years, expressing everything from

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<v Speaker 2>the sadness of a lost love to the joy of

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<v Speaker 2>new desire. These songs show that this longing for another

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<v Speaker 2>is not new. Today's Spotlight is on the world history

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<v Speaker 2>of love songs and poetry.

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<v Speaker 1>People have created love songs since before the invention of

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<v Speaker 1>writing songs. Words and stories were very important to ancient cultures.

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<v Speaker 1>These cultures expressed themselves freely and openly. Some experts argue

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<v Speaker 1>that these songs did not qualify as love songs. C. F.

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<v Speaker 1>Lewis was an English writer. He once wrote that love

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<v Speaker 1>poetry was less than a thousand years old. He suspected

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<v Speaker 1>that love as we know it was invented by French

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<v Speaker 1>poets in the eleventh century BCEE.

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<v Speaker 2>But love was still an emotion that ancient humans felt.

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<v Speaker 2>They may not have expressed their words in the same

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<v Speaker 2>way that we do today, the feelings that brought them

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<v Speaker 2>to sing would have been the same. Tim Hancock is

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<v Speaker 2>a literature expert. In his story called The Chemistry of

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<v Speaker 2>Love Poetry, he argues that this is because love is

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<v Speaker 2>a physical experience ingrained in human nature.

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<v Speaker 3>Poets recognize that love is a physical as well as

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<v Speaker 3>a mental experience. This agrees with our growing on understanding

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<v Speaker 3>of love as a universal drive. Hunger hurts the stomach,

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<v Speaker 3>the need for warmth causes us to shiver. Love shakes

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<v Speaker 3>the heart.

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<v Speaker 1>The oldest love poetry in the world seems to agree

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<v Speaker 1>with Hancock's ideas. This poem, the Love Song of Shoe Sween,

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<v Speaker 1>was written in two thousand Bce in Sumeria. This ancient

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<v Speaker 1>kingdom existed three thousand years ago in present day Iraq.

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<v Speaker 1>But the things the love song's writer speaks about are

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<v Speaker 1>just like those a woman might feel today. She compares

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<v Speaker 1>the one she desires to a lion, a large, strong cat.

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<v Speaker 1>She sings, you.

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<v Speaker 4>Have captivated me of my own free will. I will

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<v Speaker 4>come to you, man. Let let me flee with you

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<v Speaker 4>into the bedroom.

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<v Speaker 2>The love song of Shoe Swen's author is very explicit

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<v Speaker 2>about her physical desire for the one she loves. The

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<v Speaker 2>words she uses are very simple. She does not have

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<v Speaker 2>the art of a modern poet, but her openness shows

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<v Speaker 2>that love of this kind existed long before the eleventh century.

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<v Speaker 1>The emotions behind all love poetry and songs may be

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<v Speaker 1>the same, but the way that people write depends highly

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<v Speaker 1>on the place and time. Ancient Chinese love poetry has

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<v Speaker 1>a different quality than the ancient Sumerian variety. Shu Swen's

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<v Speaker 1>speaker tells her lover exactly what she wants from him,

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<v Speaker 1>but Chinese poetry is not so direct. Dou Fu was

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<v Speaker 1>one of the greatest Chinese poets. His poem at the

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<v Speaker 1>World's End is an amazing example.

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<v Speaker 5>Cold is the wind that rises over this remote place,

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<v Speaker 5>old friend, tell me, when will a wild bird goose

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<v Speaker 5>reach me here? From the rivers and lakes where the

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<v Speaker 5>autumn waters are overflowing.

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<v Speaker 2>At first glance, Dofu's poem does not seem to be

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<v Speaker 2>about love at all, but do Fu was writing about

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<v Speaker 2>love indirectly. In Chinese love poetry, some animals or events

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<v Speaker 2>are symbolic. They have two or more meanings that the

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<v Speaker 2>reader must understand. A wild goose is a kind of

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<v Speaker 2>large bird. These birds mate for life, just like many

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<v Speaker 2>humans do. So geese are symbolic of marriage, of long

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<v Speaker 2>life together. When Dofu asks if a wild goose will

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<v Speaker 2>reach him, he is asking about companionship. He is in

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<v Speaker 2>a place that is cold and lonely. He wishes for

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<v Speaker 2>love to fly to him like a bird.

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<v Speaker 1>Many love poems are meant to be read, but most

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<v Speaker 1>throughout history was spoken or sung. William Shakespeare was one

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<v Speaker 1>of the greatest poets in the history of the English language.

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<v Speaker 1>His poems were written to be spoken.

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<v Speaker 2>One of Shakespeare's most famous poems is Sonnet eighteen. In

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<v Speaker 2>this poem, Shakespeare compares his love to a day in summer.

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<v Speaker 2>He decides that while he likes summer. He likes the

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<v Speaker 2>person he loves better. She is just as beautiful and

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<v Speaker 2>just as pleasant. But unlike a summer day, she does

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<v Speaker 2>not change to him. She will never fade.

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<v Speaker 1>Shakespeare's son it has a different quality to it than

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<v Speaker 1>do Fu or Shoe sweens. Shakespeare's poem is very technical.

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<v Speaker 1>It does not express the same desire as the ancient

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<v Speaker 1>Sumerian poet. It does not have the same longing expressed

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<v Speaker 1>in At the World's End. But Shakespeare's goal is the same.

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<v Speaker 1>There is a person that he loves so much that

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<v Speaker 1>he feels the need to speak to her. But this

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<v Speaker 1>feeling is so big that he cannot speak to her

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<v Speaker 1>in normal language. He must make her a thing of

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<v Speaker 1>beauty that shows her own.

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<v Speaker 2>Today. Love poetry is as different as the people on earth.

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<v Speaker 2>Some people write using traditional forms. Some people write clearly

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<v Speaker 2>what they feel and what they think. Others feel that

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<v Speaker 2>words are not enough, They make music that expresses their desire.

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<v Speaker 1>Experts do not always agree what purpose love poetry serves.

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<v Speaker 1>Why have people developed this form of expression? What advantages

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<v Speaker 1>does poetry give? These are all fair questions, But for

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<v Speaker 1>those of us in the thick of love, this does

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<v Speaker 1>not seem to matter. Love poetry exists because there are

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<v Speaker 1>some feelings that are too big to leave hidden. But

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<v Speaker 1>these feelings are also so overwhelming that one word does

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<v Speaker 1>not do them justice. It has been that way longer

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<v Speaker 1>than we can understand. Love is one experience that unites

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<v Speaker 1>us from now to the beginning of time.

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<v Speaker 2>Have you ever been in love? Did you feel the

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<v Speaker 2>need to write about it? How did you express yourself?

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<v Speaker 2>You can leave a comment on our website at www

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<v Speaker 2>dot Spotlight English dot com. You can also find us

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<v Speaker 2>on YouTube, Facebook, TikTok, Blue Sky, and x. You can

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<v Speaker 2>also get our programs delivered directly to your Android or

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<v Speaker 2>Apple device through our free official Spotlight English app.

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<v Speaker 1>The writer of this program was Dan Christman. The producer

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<v Speaker 1>was Michyo Ozaki. The voices you heard were from the

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<v Speaker 1>United Kingdom and the United States. All quotes were adapted

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<v Speaker 1>for this program and voiced by Spotlight. This program is

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<v Speaker 1>called Expressing Your Love.

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<v Speaker 2>We hope you can join us again for the next

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<v Speaker 2>Spotlight program. Goodbye, h