WEBVTT

1
00:00:00.400 --> 00:00:03.720
<v Speaker 1>Well, it's time for some fun stories when it comes

2
00:00:03.759 --> 00:00:10.039
<v Speaker 1>to science. But I would say streame science, strange science.

3
00:00:12.880 --> 00:00:18.480
<v Speaker 1>It's like weird science, but strange. I'm a big fan

4
00:00:18.600 --> 00:00:21.920
<v Speaker 1>of I'm a big fan of naps. And if you've

5
00:00:21.920 --> 00:00:24.519
<v Speaker 1>ever wondered about the best time to take a nap

6
00:00:24.920 --> 00:00:27.160
<v Speaker 1>and you're a fan of this show, well I got

7
00:00:27.160 --> 00:00:30.559
<v Speaker 1>great news for you. The best time to take a nap,

8
00:00:30.640 --> 00:00:36.000
<v Speaker 1>according to researchers, one forty two pm. So you listen

9
00:00:36.039 --> 00:00:38.439
<v Speaker 1>to this show, maybe you grab a little lunch afterwards,

10
00:00:38.560 --> 00:00:42.280
<v Speaker 1>and then call it a day. This very specific time

11
00:00:42.399 --> 00:00:45.280
<v Speaker 1>emerged from a new nationwide survey that looked at how

12
00:00:45.320 --> 00:00:48.039
<v Speaker 1>we nap, what makes some people better nappers than others.

13
00:00:48.079 --> 00:00:50.520
<v Speaker 1>It was done by the Green of the Avocado Mattress

14
00:00:50.520 --> 00:00:53.679
<v Speaker 1>people and they found that most people aim for about

15
00:00:53.719 --> 00:00:56.240
<v Speaker 1>a fifty one minute nap, which means if you go

16
00:00:56.240 --> 00:00:58.119
<v Speaker 1>to about a one forty two you wake up at

17
00:00:58.119 --> 00:01:03.159
<v Speaker 1>two thirty three. The problem is, most sleep researchers say

18
00:01:03.159 --> 00:01:06.879
<v Speaker 1>that that is too long of a nap. You nap

19
00:01:06.920 --> 00:01:09.400
<v Speaker 1>too long, it's going to leave you feeling worse than

20
00:01:09.439 --> 00:01:12.359
<v Speaker 1>before you close your eyes. The study found that NAP's

21
00:01:12.439 --> 00:01:15.760
<v Speaker 1>lasting longer than an hour and twenty six minutes. That'd

22
00:01:15.799 --> 00:01:18.640
<v Speaker 1>be about thirty five minutes past the perfect length enter

23
00:01:18.719 --> 00:01:21.840
<v Speaker 1>what would the researchers would call the danger zone, because

24
00:01:22.079 --> 00:01:24.280
<v Speaker 1>if you go about an hour and twenty six minutes,

25
00:01:24.319 --> 00:01:27.280
<v Speaker 1>you start to feel groggy, you start to feel disoriented

26
00:01:27.439 --> 00:01:30.760
<v Speaker 1>instead of refreshed, and if you're still asleep after that

27
00:01:30.920 --> 00:01:33.959
<v Speaker 1>hour and forty four minutes, they said, that's no longer

28
00:01:34.040 --> 00:01:36.359
<v Speaker 1>considered a nap. You've actually dripped it off into a

29
00:01:36.359 --> 00:01:39.599
<v Speaker 1>full sleep session at that point, and that that could

30
00:01:39.599 --> 00:01:44.120
<v Speaker 1>potentially be more detrimental than just a quick forty thirty

31
00:01:44.200 --> 00:01:46.040
<v Speaker 1>or forty minute nap is what they say you should

32
00:01:46.040 --> 00:01:50.640
<v Speaker 1>shoot for most days, there is a question about whether

33
00:01:50.719 --> 00:01:55.079
<v Speaker 1>or not the human body could survive a trip to Mars.

34
00:01:56.200 --> 00:02:02.000
<v Speaker 1>On March second, twenty sixteen, Sky Kelly came back in

35
00:02:02.040 --> 00:02:06.400
<v Speaker 1>a Soyuz spacecraft traveling at about seventeen thousand miles an hour,

36
00:02:06.719 --> 00:02:09.360
<v Speaker 1>and as expected, it warmed up the heat shield so

37
00:02:09.439 --> 00:02:12.879
<v Speaker 1>much that a bunch of molten pieces of the heat

38
00:02:12.879 --> 00:02:19.960
<v Speaker 1>shield actually flew off. Now, the deceleration amounted to about

39
00:02:20.000 --> 00:02:23.800
<v Speaker 1>six g's on Scott Kelly and the cosmonauts that were

40
00:02:23.840 --> 00:02:26.960
<v Speaker 1>also on board, Mikyle and Sergei, because of course they're

41
00:02:27.039 --> 00:02:31.280
<v Speaker 1>named Mikyle and Sergei. The search and rescue team comes in,

42
00:02:32.199 --> 00:02:34.560
<v Speaker 1>they hoist him out. Scott Kelly gives him a thumbs up,

43
00:02:34.599 --> 00:02:37.919
<v Speaker 1>and then they grimace as they lower him into a recliner.

44
00:02:39.080 --> 00:02:44.280
<v Speaker 1>Because it's just sitting in the middle of nowhere. He

45
00:02:44.360 --> 00:02:46.639
<v Speaker 1>lifted a satellite phone to his ear, makes his first

46
00:02:46.680 --> 00:02:49.360
<v Speaker 1>call back on Earth. He'd spent more time in space

47
00:02:49.400 --> 00:02:53.479
<v Speaker 1>than almost any other person, four missions each longer than

48
00:02:53.479 --> 00:02:56.719
<v Speaker 1>the last, totaling five hundred and twenty days almost two

49
00:02:56.840 --> 00:02:59.960
<v Speaker 1>years in space. And on this trip he had taken

50
00:03:00.120 --> 00:03:03.639
<v Speaker 1>the longest spacelight of any space flight of any American.

51
00:03:04.479 --> 00:03:07.639
<v Speaker 1>And he said as he flew longer, the symptoms of

52
00:03:07.719 --> 00:03:12.479
<v Speaker 1>returning to Earth got worse, and after he got back

53
00:03:12.479 --> 00:03:15.240
<v Speaker 1>home in Houston, he was nauseated, he was dizzy, his

54
00:03:15.439 --> 00:03:19.719
<v Speaker 1>joints ached under the force of gravity. Simply sitting in

55
00:03:19.759 --> 00:03:24.120
<v Speaker 1>a chair sometimes felt uncomfortable. And the idea of traveling

56
00:03:24.120 --> 00:03:27.159
<v Speaker 1>in space is I wouldn't say it's not meant for

57
00:03:27.280 --> 00:03:30.080
<v Speaker 1>human beings, but our body is not built for that

58
00:03:30.159 --> 00:03:32.919
<v Speaker 1>sort of a thing. Scott Kelly has a twin brother.

59
00:03:33.000 --> 00:03:35.680
<v Speaker 1>We know him as Mark Kelly is the Arizona Senator

60
00:03:36.039 --> 00:03:39.039
<v Speaker 1>before this mission, both of these guys agreed to participate

61
00:03:39.120 --> 00:03:42.080
<v Speaker 1>in what they said was a comparative study. Mark was

62
00:03:42.120 --> 00:03:44.159
<v Speaker 1>going to stay on Earth the whole time. Scott was

63
00:03:44.199 --> 00:03:46.759
<v Speaker 1>going to be on Earth and in space. Because they

64
00:03:46.759 --> 00:03:49.800
<v Speaker 1>have the same DNA, it's a rare opportunity for them

65
00:03:49.800 --> 00:03:52.400
<v Speaker 1>to figure out what would be the effects, even some

66
00:03:52.520 --> 00:03:58.000
<v Speaker 1>psychological effects of long term space missions. So they before

67
00:03:58.039 --> 00:03:59.879
<v Speaker 1>Scott went up on the ISS, they do a bunch

68
00:03:59.879 --> 00:04:03.840
<v Speaker 1>of twelve universities eighty researchers. They study them closely than

69
00:04:03.879 --> 00:04:10.599
<v Speaker 1>perhaps any other humans in history, and could use, for example,

70
00:04:10.639 --> 00:04:14.520
<v Speaker 1>the cognitive testing to show declines in Scot's mental speed

71
00:04:14.639 --> 00:04:18.160
<v Speaker 1>and accuracy, the markers of inflammation, and his blood spiked

72
00:04:18.160 --> 00:04:21.839
<v Speaker 1>to levels that lab tests had difficulty measuring thousands of

73
00:04:21.959 --> 00:04:26.000
<v Speaker 1>percent above normal, suggested an extreme stress response to the

74
00:04:26.040 --> 00:04:31.279
<v Speaker 1>space travel. Fewer than seven hundred people, most of them

75
00:04:31.560 --> 00:04:35.319
<v Speaker 1>young fit, most of them male, have gone into space,

76
00:04:35.759 --> 00:04:38.199
<v Speaker 1>and they said that the number of people going into

77
00:04:38.199 --> 00:04:40.839
<v Speaker 1>space in the next couple of decades could grow exponentially

78
00:04:40.839 --> 00:04:44.360
<v Speaker 1>because more and more governments, more and more companies, SpaceX,

79
00:04:44.360 --> 00:04:49.160
<v Speaker 1>Blue Origin, Virgin, et cetera, could propel people into space.

80
00:04:50.199 --> 00:04:53.000
<v Speaker 1>But there's a bunch of peculiar effects of space travel

81
00:04:53.000 --> 00:04:56.759
<v Speaker 1>that are now only being identified and investigated. For example,

82
00:04:57.000 --> 00:05:05.720
<v Speaker 1>latent herpes infections get reactive, certain medications become less effective. Microgravity,

83
00:05:06.040 --> 00:05:09.040
<v Speaker 1>which is the near weightlessness that you experience in space,

84
00:05:09.480 --> 00:05:12.839
<v Speaker 1>redistributes blood to veins in the head and neck that

85
00:05:12.879 --> 00:05:16.160
<v Speaker 1>aren't used to handling that flow. That increases the risk

86
00:05:16.199 --> 00:05:20.360
<v Speaker 1>of a clot somewhere in your brain or neck. And

87
00:05:20.399 --> 00:05:22.720
<v Speaker 1>Scott Kelly wrote a book, and in this book he

88
00:05:22.759 --> 00:05:25.480
<v Speaker 1>said humans can explore more of the universe only if

89
00:05:25.519 --> 00:05:29.160
<v Speaker 1>they strengthen the weakest links in the chain that makes

90
00:05:29.199 --> 00:05:33.000
<v Speaker 1>spaceflight possible. And the weakest links in the chain are

91
00:05:33.000 --> 00:05:37.839
<v Speaker 1>the human body and the human mind. Right now, the record,

92
00:05:37.879 --> 00:05:40.639
<v Speaker 1>by the way, for the longest time in space is

93
00:05:40.680 --> 00:05:43.839
<v Speaker 1>held by a Russian cosmonaut, a guy named Valerie Polyyakov,

94
00:05:44.240 --> 00:05:48.480
<v Speaker 1>spent about fourteen months in low Earth orbit, relatively protected

95
00:05:48.480 --> 00:05:51.720
<v Speaker 1>from the radiation and the communication lags. But only twenty

96
00:05:51.720 --> 00:05:55.920
<v Speaker 1>four people have ever exited low Earth orbit, and that

97
00:05:56.079 --> 00:05:58.879
<v Speaker 1>was more than fifty years ago for less than two

98
00:05:58.920 --> 00:06:00.800
<v Speaker 1>weeks at a time. Because those guys, you know, they

99
00:06:00.839 --> 00:06:05.040
<v Speaker 1>went to the moon. There is a huge study now

100
00:06:05.079 --> 00:06:10.160
<v Speaker 1>going on about whether or not the astronauts soon to

101
00:06:10.240 --> 00:06:13.360
<v Speaker 1>be Martians at some point could withstand the six or

102
00:06:13.399 --> 00:06:15.879
<v Speaker 1>seven month journey in space that it would take for

103
00:06:15.920 --> 00:06:18.680
<v Speaker 1>them to get to Mars, and then once they get

104
00:06:18.720 --> 00:06:21.759
<v Speaker 1>to Mars, when they come back, that's another six or

105
00:06:21.800 --> 00:06:26.399
<v Speaker 1>seven months the other way. Is there a way to

106
00:06:26.439 --> 00:06:29.839
<v Speaker 1>speed that up, they don't know. Is there a way

107
00:06:29.879 --> 00:06:32.639
<v Speaker 1>to make it easier on the human body, they don't know.

108
00:06:34.279 --> 00:06:37.519
<v Speaker 1>Scott Kelly's been telling the doctors about these mysterious medical

109
00:06:37.560 --> 00:06:42.959
<v Speaker 1>issues that have come up, and he doesn't know why

110
00:06:43.160 --> 00:06:48.839
<v Speaker 1>that's happened. More importantly, perhaps the people who are studying

111
00:06:48.920 --> 00:06:52.319
<v Speaker 1>him don't know why they happened. There were changes in

112
00:06:52.360 --> 00:06:55.199
<v Speaker 1>Scott Kelly's genetics because of the time he spent in space.

113
00:06:55.240 --> 00:06:58.160
<v Speaker 1>About nine thousand genes, some of which might increase the

114
00:06:58.240 --> 00:07:00.920
<v Speaker 1>risk of cancer and immune system problem, have been altered.

115
00:07:01.600 --> 00:07:03.720
<v Speaker 1>They didn't normalize for the most part over the course

116
00:07:03.720 --> 00:07:06.000
<v Speaker 1>of a few months, but some continued to show signs

117
00:07:06.040 --> 00:07:09.959
<v Speaker 1>of damage, including breaks and even inversions in their DNA.

118
00:07:10.439 --> 00:07:13.720
<v Speaker 1>And that's just going into low Earth orbit. Imagine you

119
00:07:13.800 --> 00:07:17.040
<v Speaker 1>go completely out of the gravitational pull of the Earth,

120
00:07:17.639 --> 00:07:19.519
<v Speaker 1>make your way through space to Mars. They don't know

121
00:07:19.519 --> 00:07:21.480
<v Speaker 1>if it's possible or not. All right, We'll keep an

122
00:07:21.480 --> 00:07:24.160
<v Speaker 1>eye on the reins all the evacuation warnings and orders

123
00:07:24.160 --> 00:07:26.240
<v Speaker 1>that are out there. The John Cobelt Show is coming

124
00:07:26.319 --> 00:07:27.959
<v Speaker 1>up next. If you miss any part of this show,

125
00:07:28.000 --> 00:07:30.759
<v Speaker 1>go back and check out the podcast. Anywhere you find

126
00:07:30.759 --> 00:07:34.600
<v Speaker 1>your favorite podcast, Just type in Gary and Shannon. We'll

127
00:07:34.639 --> 00:07:36.079
<v Speaker 1>see you tomorrow. Stay dry, everybody,