Speaker 1: Oh hi, welcome to smologies.
Speaker 2: What are smologies?
Speaker 3: Okay?
Speaker 2: So these are shorter, kid friendly versions of classic episodes.
Speaker 2: So we took them and we took all the swears out,
Speaker 2: nothing too racy. You can listen around kids, you can
Speaker 2: listen around your grandparents, perhaps, work colleagues, whatever. If you
Speaker 2: want the full length version of this episode, though, of course,
Speaker 2: it's going to be linked in the show notes. We
Speaker 2: also have more ssmologies up at alleywar dot com slash smologies.
Speaker 1: Okay, enjoy.
Speaker 4: Oh hey, it's your old internet dad here with an
Speaker 4: episode you've all just been chomping at the bit for.
Speaker 3: Will she go there?
Speaker 4: You wondered she went there?
Speaker 1: Boy?
Speaker 4: Howdy ditch she? But don't worry. Okay, this one it
Speaker 4: doesn't get too gross. I don't know what am I
Speaker 4: talking about.
Speaker 3: It's so gross.
Speaker 4: It's an entire episode on animal poo and sometimes ours
Speaker 4: because we are, after all, animals. But I tried to
Speaker 4: just keep it as informative and as illuminating as an
Speaker 4: entire episode on animal excrement can be. Let's just roll
Speaker 4: up our sleeves and just dive right into it. Scatology
Speaker 4: it comes from the Greek for feces welcome. Scatology is
Speaker 4: a scientific study or the chemical analysis of feces, while
Speaker 4: coprology is scatology. What okay, So both same. So for
Speaker 4: this scatology episode, we talk a lot about zoo poofs,
Speaker 4: and in fact I got a VIP tour in which
Speaker 4: I saw a freezer that was kind of like a
Speaker 4: porta potty on Noah's art.
Speaker 5: The coolest thing about our labs maybe is our freezers. Yeah,
Speaker 5: this one might be locked, but you got a loop.
Speaker 4: Yeah, we keep our our freezers locked.
Speaker 5: So we have black Rhino, Pygmy hippo, red river hog who,
Speaker 5: we have our some of our octopus stuff in here.
Speaker 5: We have our Gravey zebra back during camels, our draft
Speaker 5: or black bear, our Japanese macaque, pygmy Soloris, Diana monkey,
Speaker 5: it Tamaron polar bear. That's just what lives in this freezer.
Speaker 5: Now I have thirteen others. We're gonna go all around
Speaker 5: the zoom. We're gonna go.
Speaker 3: Through this one for you.
Speaker 1: It's a real poop party.
Speaker 5: I love that.
Speaker 1: It's like, hey, no food or drinking here. You're like,
Speaker 1: don't worry about it.
Speaker 4: So this ologist has earned the nickname Doctor poop. She
Speaker 4: wears it with pride. So we took a seat and
Speaker 4: we talked all about tiny poos, giant poos, pebble poos,
Speaker 4: pet poos, wombat bricks, and how and why this animal
Speaker 4: scientist and conservationist analyzes the feces of countless species and
Speaker 4: loves it.
Speaker 3: So please curl up for the scoop.
Speaker 4: On this rare science with scatologist Doctor Poop aka doctor
Speaker 4: Rachel Santomeyerlogo.
Speaker 6: Alogy, milogy, knowlogies.
Speaker 4: If you could tell me your personal last name Rachel
Speaker 4: Santa Meyer, got it?
Speaker 1: Aka doctor Poop? How long have you been doctor Poop?
Speaker 5: I've been doctor Poop for thirteen years. I guess yeah.
Speaker 5: My parents are so proud.
Speaker 1: Hey, the doctor in front of anything is great.
Speaker 4: And then how many samples of pooh do you think
Speaker 4: you have in your seventeen freeze?
Speaker 5: In general, we do about eight to ten thousand samples
Speaker 5: a year. Ooh, smutch, So that's about, you know, one
Speaker 5: hundred and thirty thousand samples.
Speaker 1: Let's get gross.
Speaker 4: Let's zoom in and discuss what doodo really is other
Speaker 4: than something you usually do not want to look at closely.
Speaker 4: And now you've had your hands in every kind of pooh,
Speaker 4: I imagine from like geese to hippos to she does.
Speaker 6: What are some.
Speaker 1: Commonalities and what are some differences? Like what is stool?
Speaker 1: Is it mostly bacteria? Is it mostly fiber?
Speaker 3: Like?
Speaker 1: What what is it?
Speaker 5: Yeah, it's a combination of everything, right, is it's just
Speaker 5: the waste product of what we ate and what's in
Speaker 5: our system and so yeah, it has lots of bacteria,
Speaker 5: which are sort of our enemy for hormones because it
Speaker 5: continual us to break down the hormones if we don't
Speaker 5: get it in the freezer fast. When you look at
Speaker 5: all these different species like elephants or black rhinos which
Speaker 5: we have here at the zoo, it's like all fiber.
Speaker 5: You're like, how is there any pooh in this sample?
Speaker 5: Or is it just like cut up hay? You know
Speaker 5: it's say with the zebras and horses. You know, it's
Speaker 5: really like this looks just like hey, with some some
Speaker 5: poop smeared around it. But we can actually look at
Speaker 5: the poop when we get so familiar with our animals
Speaker 5: here at the zoo, our staff can see the poop
Speaker 5: samples and know when the staff have accidentally mixed up
Speaker 5: the bags because you know, they all look like certain
Speaker 5: sometimes food item or not, but like talk and poo
Speaker 5: kind of looks like little olives. And our different females
Speaker 5: had like different shapes and size olives, so we knew
Speaker 5: when they kind of mix them up. You know, the
Speaker 5: camels they have like golf balls, they have golf ball poop.
Speaker 5: But the rhinos, of course have the bowling ball, right,
Speaker 5: and so we don't get we don't necessarily get the
Speaker 5: bowling balls. We get part of the bowling balls. But yeah,
Speaker 5: very fibrous.
Speaker 4: This imagery will stay on my mind for a while.
Speaker 5: And then you know, the the apes and the primates.
Speaker 5: You know, that's just a whole other story.
Speaker 1: But is that more like human?
Speaker 5: Yeah, it's more like human. It's definitely more Well, I
Speaker 5: can't say that because the male black rhino feces is
Speaker 5: pretty stinky. They use a lot of pheromones and odor
Speaker 5: cues for communication because they're solitary animals. So but yeah,
Speaker 5: I think one of the worst samples I've had in
Speaker 5: my lab was actually my own dog's poop. You just
Speaker 5: really wow, you're just like, you know, the doors get closed,
Speaker 5: you know from the staff that work on their computers
Speaker 5: versus the fecal lab staff, you know, or when we
Speaker 5: do the polar bear, it's a lot of like fish
Speaker 5: and stuff that is pretty stinky.
Speaker 4: Okay, So in a herd of giraffes or a pride
Speaker 4: of lions, or a party of orangutangs, I don't know.
Speaker 4: I'm just gonna hope that a group of a range
Speaker 4: tanks is called a party. Actually, hold on, Okay, I
Speaker 4: just looked it up and it's a congress of orangutangs,
Speaker 4: which wow, I wish our congresses worked like that.
Speaker 1: But anyway, I know you.
Speaker 4: Mentioned a little bit about bowling ball rhino poo, which
Speaker 4: is I'm still boggled by. Does it really come out
Speaker 4: like a bowling ball?
Speaker 5: It does, yes. And then I don't know if you've
Speaker 5: ever seen a dog do this where they scrape their
Speaker 5: back legs after they go to the bathroom. Yes, that's
Speaker 5: a sign of territoriality. They're marking their territory, and rhinos
Speaker 5: do that. But they purposely step in their feces and
Speaker 5: then they walk away because that's how they mark their territory.
Speaker 5: They have these little latrines called mittens where they come by,
Speaker 5: they defecate, they stop in it, they scrape in it
Speaker 5: and they walk away rude.
Speaker 4: Wow. Wow wow. I don't know what your phone's data
Speaker 4: plan is, but if you get a hot second, feel
Speaker 4: free to google rhino pooping and you will find we
Speaker 4: are in good company with hundreds of thousands of people. So.
Speaker 4: One video by YouTuber zagif zelion Off shows the moment
Speaker 4: that a San Diego zoo rhino turns its posterior to
Speaker 4: the crowd, lifts a tail, and averts its floopy pink
Speaker 4: poop shoot ooops, letting rumble fourth a dozen wet cannon
Speaker 4: balls of mashed and digested Hey, a little liquid trickle
Speaker 4: at the end, kind of like a delicate bough. And
Speaker 4: when it comes to smells, why are some so distinct.
Speaker 5: It's because of what they eat. Yeah, yeah, so I
Speaker 5: don't know what I'm feeding my one dog and me.
Speaker 5: Also just be the bacteria and they're gut microbes that
Speaker 5: are causing this smell. But yes, there, it's definitely related
Speaker 5: to food and bacteria.
Speaker 4: And now when you're doing your lab work, I've seen
Speaker 4: pictures of you. You're you're swabbing, you're cutting things, You're
Speaker 4: you're stirring them with what looks like a tiny immersion blender.
Speaker 5: I call it a special test tube blender. Yes, a homogenizer.
Speaker 4: A homogenizer is the word, yes, is the science word
Speaker 4: for it. But it's really like if you were going
Speaker 4: to froth up like a lot exactly.
Speaker 5: I tell people that's our field methods. I said, do
Speaker 5: not use this to make mixed drinks. This is just
Speaker 5: for feces. Let's keep it separate. Yes, totally.
Speaker 4: What's your pure l routine? Do you have a hand
Speaker 4: sanitizer preference or is it like do you become desensitized
Speaker 4: like Boo's pooh.
Speaker 1: Fine, you have to.
Speaker 5: Be careful because there are diseases and feces, parasites, viruses,
Speaker 5: and so we had to periodically remind people that this
Speaker 5: is feces and you have to be careful, and so
Speaker 5: we have we have lots of protocols. You never, even
Speaker 5: in your office eat anything that's hit the ground. There's
Speaker 5: no five second roll around us, for sure. But yeah,
Speaker 5: we have a dirty lab and we keep feces in
Speaker 5: a certain place and it has to be either blocked
Speaker 5: in a bag to be in another place, but or
Speaker 5: it's in this in the fecal lab. So we have
Speaker 5: these strict rules to make sure that we don't have
Speaker 5: any contamination, any spread of diseases and stuff. So it's
Speaker 5: really important actually because you know, it still is poop
Speaker 5: though we're pretty desensitized to it.
Speaker 4: Do you think that's where the kind of wiring for
Speaker 4: shame around number two happens because it's easy to be
Speaker 4: like I gotta go be, but you would never announce that, Like,
Speaker 4: are there certain animals? Does it happen more with primates
Speaker 4: or social animals that seem more embarrassed.
Speaker 5: I don't know about embarrassed, but you know they're what
Speaker 5: I call the elusive poopers, like cats who bury their
Speaker 5: feces right, they hide their feces, unlike you know, some
Speaker 5: ungulates like deer that may walk and poop at the
Speaker 5: same time. So you know, it just kind of really
Speaker 5: depends on the species.
Speaker 6: Mm hmm.
Speaker 1: Ps.
Speaker 4: I asked the Internet why humans are ashamed of their
Speaker 4: own poops and got back everything from are innate desired
Speaker 4: to avoid parasites because even deer and sheep and cows
Speaker 4: do not graze where they PLoP. To the Bible, so
Speaker 4: Deuteronomy twenty three to twelve, anyone quote you must have
Speaker 4: a place outside the camp to go and relieve yourself.
Speaker 4: And you must have a digging tool in your equipment
Speaker 4: so that when you relieve yourself, you can dig a
Speaker 4: hole and cover up your excrement. So yes, even God
Speaker 4: politely asked that you drop all deuces downwind and away
Speaker 4: from the camp kitchen.
Speaker 1: Okay, I have so many questions.
Speaker 4: From listeners that I'm holding off asking some of them
Speaker 4: because I know listeners want to ask them. So can
Speaker 4: I ask you Patreon questions?
Speaker 6: Sure?
Speaker 4: Okay, good, okay, But before your burning poop questions, a
Speaker 4: quick break. So each episode we donate to a charity
Speaker 4: of the ologists choosing, and the Lincoln Park Zoo of
Speaker 4: Chicago funds so much great conservation work and remains free
Speaker 4: to all visitors.
Speaker 1: Which rules.
Speaker 4: So Rachel aka Doctor Poop would like a donation to
Speaker 4: go to them. It's really beautiful campus, so do take
Speaker 4: a stroll around next time in the Windy City. So
Speaker 4: that donation was made possible by sponsors of the show,
Speaker 4: who you may hear about. Now, okay, let's get to
Speaker 4: your questions.
Speaker 1: The most popular.
Speaker 4: Question, I would say we got it was asked by
Speaker 4: Joe Weenenoffer, sid Rachel Weiss, Haley Hullings Paul Hancock, Jeffrey Doyle,
Speaker 4: Madeline Winter, Schmidty Thompson, Toby James, and then first time
Speaker 4: question askers Karen Elliott, Bennett Gerber, Kyle Torres and JJ Pierce.
Speaker 4: Everyone wants to know. Karen ELLIOT'SWARDZ says wombat poop square?
Speaker 1: What was that about?
Speaker 6: How?
Speaker 5: Why? What?
Speaker 4: And Paul Hancock said, how do they make a square
Speaker 4: poop with what I assume is a round bum hoole?
Speaker 1: Wow?
Speaker 5: You know, I actually had no idea that it was
Speaker 5: square because we don't have a lot of Australian species here.
Speaker 1: Yeah, it's so weird.
Speaker 4: I think something must have gone viral on the internet
Speaker 4: like a few months ago, because I did not know
Speaker 4: the pooh square.
Speaker 1: Wow, I'll look it up. Yeah, isn't that crazy?
Speaker 6: Yeah?
Speaker 5: That is crazy because ouch, the corners.
Speaker 1: I know, I know they can't.
Speaker 5: And it doesn't like form when it hits the ground
Speaker 5: and be like, I.
Speaker 4: Don't know, I don't know, but I thought people were joshing,
Speaker 4: but apparently they're not. Of course, I'm gonna have your
Speaker 4: backside with an explanation. Here at Georgia Tech, scientist doctor
Speaker 4: Patricia Yang, a fellow scatologist lead authored on a paper
Speaker 4: titled how do wombats make cubed pooh? So they took
Speaker 4: the intestines of two wombats who died from vehicular womba
Speaker 4: side and as another author, David Who told Science News quote,
Speaker 4: we opened up those intestines like it was Christmas. So
Speaker 4: they found by blowing up balloons that in the last
Speaker 4: eight percent of the intestines water is absorbed and the
Speaker 4: lumps get dry and are shifted around in a way
Speaker 4: to compress one side and then the other, and then boop,
Speaker 4: very dry square peg shoots out of a round hole.
Speaker 4: They can pop out up to one hundred of these
Speaker 4: two centimeter suckers night, and they stack them up in
Speaker 4: piles to communicate to other wombats.
Speaker 3: What is life?
Speaker 1: A lot of people?
Speaker 4: Meghan King, Grace Lauren, Joe Farantino, Logan k Don Swart,
Speaker 4: Ryan Clark, and Emily Crook. First time question askers Emily
Speaker 4: and Joe They want to know why dogs love to
Speaker 4: snack on poo Why, Meghan King says, why do dogs
Speaker 4: enjoy eating cat poops so much? They treat them like
Speaker 4: I treat non perellas like candies. Also, non parrellas are
Speaker 4: those flattened chocolate kisses with sprinkles on one side, even
Speaker 4: though actually the little round sprinkles are the non perellas
Speaker 4: and in French that means without equal. But they look
Speaker 4: like a pile of colorful, hardshelled deer droppings on a microscale.
Speaker 4: But yes, why do dogs eat cat turds like they're candy?
Speaker 1: Do they know something we don't?
Speaker 5: Well, first of all, cat poo is really stinky, and
Speaker 5: there are you know, pretty much they're supposed to be
Speaker 5: straight carnivores, right, and so they I mean, it's all
Speaker 5: it's all about what they're eating, right, So and it
Speaker 5: smells so good, so you know, to their dog, of course,
Speaker 5: I think it's just I think it's just older. And
Speaker 5: then you know, dogs maybe like to be a little
Speaker 5: bad sometimes. But there is some evolutionary history to feces eating,
Speaker 5: especially with a female with her litter, because they they
Speaker 5: want to conceal their litter, so they'll actually eat the feces.
Speaker 5: And then when before the pups can really do anything
Speaker 5: on their own, they lick their heine right to cause
Speaker 5: them to urinate and defecate, and then the moms eat it.
Speaker 5: So it's really it's really I don't know if more
Speaker 5: females do it than male dogs, but they there is
Speaker 5: a reason why they would eat feces. Now the other species,
Speaker 5: like my dogs eat worset poop, they eat rabbit poop,
Speaker 5: they eat dog poop. They I mean, it's terrible. I
Speaker 5: just you know, it's just really gross, especially when they burp,
Speaker 5: you know, and they're just like, oh, but anyway, so
Speaker 5: there is a reason why, you know, the history of it,
Speaker 5: they at least history of it. So it's to conceal
Speaker 5: they're dead.
Speaker 4: And then other patrons have the question and I will
Speaker 4: list their names later. Okay, now is later, and first
Speaker 4: time question askers Kyle Wilkinson and Ashley Curtin and Elliott
Speaker 4: Warden want to know why do some species of animals
Speaker 4: eat their own like twice, like lagomorphs like rabbits, and
Speaker 4: certain animals are like, let's have it a gown.
Speaker 5: Yeah, So rabbits have two types of feces they have
Speaker 5: they defecate out vitamins and minerals, and so they had
Speaker 5: to actually eat that in order to absorb it. I'm
Speaker 5: not sure if they have to. I don't know the
Speaker 5: whole biology behind it. If they have to actually like
Speaker 5: their body has to break it down a little bit
Speaker 5: before they can actually ingest it, so they.
Speaker 1: Have to eat.
Speaker 5: They have to eat it. Then then they have another
Speaker 5: kind of defecation, which is like the waste product.
Speaker 3: Man.
Speaker 4: I wonder if they're excited because they are their own
Speaker 4: vending machine, or if they're like, why do we have
Speaker 4: to eat your own? Why no one else has the
Speaker 4: eat their own other than some of us, Like, I
Speaker 4: wonder this good thing?
Speaker 5: We're so cute. I mean, you know, I don't know
Speaker 5: why why that would be. And except for their digestive
Speaker 5: system maybe is not as efficient or you know, able
Speaker 5: to absorb some of those nutrients. Yeah, so they have
Speaker 5: to you know, eat it.
Speaker 1: Yeah, boop, it's leftovers. Yeah, am odd.
Speaker 4: First time question asker wants to know how full of
Speaker 4: poop are we exactly? At any given point in time?
Speaker 4: Do you think, Wow, how much poop is in us?
Speaker 5: I can't remember how long the intestence is, like one
Speaker 5: hundred and twenty feet or something ridiculous. And so if
Speaker 5: you're not eating a lot of table, you know, they
Speaker 5: could be in there for a while.
Speaker 4: I think, so, Yeah, isn't it crazy to think whenever
Speaker 4: you're just like sitting in to get a party that
Speaker 4: there's a ton of poo there.
Speaker 1: But it's just in bodies.
Speaker 5: Just I try not to think about it, especially you know,
Speaker 5: on the airplane when you're all stuck.
Speaker 4: Oh, yeah, I was on an airplane this morning.
Speaker 1: Yes, oh thought about that.
Speaker 4: M m ps. I looked this up and for every
Speaker 4: one hundred pounds of body weight, you make about a
Speaker 4: half pound of solid waste a day.
Speaker 3: Oh.
Speaker 4: Sidgapujar wants to know does any animal have nice smelling poop?
Speaker 5: Actually, yes, yeah, the giant panda has poo that smells
Speaker 5: like tea. They're eating bamboo. It literally smells like tea.
Speaker 5: When you know, here we were, we freeze dry poop sometimes,
Speaker 5: and some lucky scientists was freezed drying his giant panda
Speaker 5: poo while I was freeze drying my fishing catpoo. Look,
Speaker 5: so yes, uh, giant panda smells like tea.
Speaker 4: Casey Newhaven wants to know what's up with corn and
Speaker 4: why don't we properly digest it? And uh so another
Speaker 4: person had the same question, which is hilarious.
Speaker 5: Yeah, a lot of a lot of species. I don't
Speaker 5: know if it's just like the fiber the cellular nature
Speaker 5: of corn that makes it not as digestible without being processed,
Speaker 5: but we use it to mark a lot of feces,
Speaker 5: and not a lot of animals can digest corn.
Speaker 4: So really Yeah, Melissa Cross had that question too. So
Speaker 4: it's so if you see kernels, there's nothing wrong with you.
Speaker 5: Yeah, there's nothing wrong with you at all.
Speaker 4: Maybe.
Speaker 6: Yeah.
Speaker 4: This next one was asked by Isabel b Holper and Wing,
Speaker 4: Christina Weaver Joe Weinhoffer, like, why do animals have such
Speaker 4: different shapes? Why do rabbits poop pebbles? And uh and
Speaker 4: others are bigger ones, Like what's going on there?
Speaker 3: Oh?
Speaker 5: You know, I've been asked that question before. I should
Speaker 5: should have looked it up. But yeah, they all have
Speaker 5: their different shapes, and like I said, we even individuals
Speaker 5: have their own special kind of shapes, you know, like
Speaker 5: horses kind of have the kidney bean shape and then
Speaker 5: there's pellets and it must be related to their diet.
Speaker 5: They cause thems to do that and the passage rate
Speaker 5: through the gut system.
Speaker 4: Yeah, okay, I look this up in One theory of
Speaker 4: pebble poos is that the more likely an animal is
Speaker 4: to be prey, the more risky it is to go
Speaker 4: take a drink of water, and the more water their
Speaker 4: body wants to conserve, producing number twos that are separate
Speaker 4: heart lumps like nuts.
Speaker 3: Is that nuts?
Speaker 4: Okay? Last questions, I always ask what do you love
Speaker 4: about your job as a feces researcher the.
Speaker 5: Most, the most job. It's really it's really that I
Speaker 5: can say I'm making a difference. We're making a difference
Speaker 5: with conserving wildlife, whether it's you know, small amphibians that
Speaker 5: don't get a lot of attension or ferrets. You know,
Speaker 5: this is, like I said, one of the rarest mammals
Speaker 5: we have here in North America, and you know I
Speaker 5: work on a couple of those, and it's just like
Speaker 5: we we are figuring out, we're finding out why they're
Speaker 5: having issues breeding or you know, even the year at
Speaker 5: the zoo when our animals are just you know, it's
Speaker 5: very difficult to put them together. Working with the managers
Speaker 5: so they can help them understand their animals, better understand
Speaker 5: what's going on inside their animals so they can respond
Speaker 5: and take care of their animals or put them together
Speaker 5: when they're ready to breed. That's really rewarding when we're successful,
Speaker 5: and you know, we have a baby rhino or two,
Speaker 5: you know, coming out and just you know, the rhinos
Speaker 5: in particular, the black rinders are critically in dangered species.
Speaker 5: You know, there's like five thousand and a little bit
Speaker 5: over five thousand in the wild. And you know here
Speaker 5: we've produced too in the last I don't know, I'm
Speaker 5: going to say since twenty thirteen. And that is really
Speaker 5: cool and I was part of that, and it was
Speaker 5: it was really rewarding to see.
Speaker 4: Those and so feeling like being a poop detective, lets
Speaker 4: you have a little bit more context for what the
Speaker 4: animals are going through, what's best for them.
Speaker 5: Yeah, yeah, you know, because you can look at them,
Speaker 5: but you don't necessarily know what's going on inside. And
Speaker 5: that is you know, my skill, you know, poop detective.
Speaker 5: So yeah, and that's so it's great about physiology. You
Speaker 5: can really understand how animals are responding to their environment.
Speaker 4: Wow, so our hearts aren't on our sleeves, they're in
Speaker 4: our poo. That's right, toilet.
Speaker 1: Oh that's amazing.
Speaker 4: Thank you so much for all the hard and not
Speaker 4: always great smelling work that you do.
Speaker 5: It's my pleasure.
Speaker 4: So ask smart people questions and you're going to learn
Speaker 4: so much about yourself and others. Maybe too much. And
Speaker 4: if you want more smologies you can find them at
Speaker 4: aliward dot com slash smologies. There are tons of episodes.
Speaker 4: They're all kids, safe, classrooms, safe with experts. We are
Speaker 4: at ologies on Instagram and Twitter. I'm at Aliward with
Speaker 4: one L on both. Thank you Zeegrodriguez, Thomas Jared Sleeper
Speaker 4: of mind Jam Media, and Mercedes Maitland of Maitland Audio
Speaker 4: for working on these. We like to keep these small
Speaker 4: and short, so you'll find a whole list of credits
Speaker 4: in the show notes. Thank you for listening and pass
Speaker 4: them on.
Speaker 3: Okay Byebyeges
Speaker 6: Bunches Knowges