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Speaker 1: Welcome to another episode of Astronomy Daily. I'm Steve your host.

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It's the fourth of November twenty twenty.

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Speaker 2: Four podcast I Mean to be your whole.

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Speaker 1: Speed gun que oh and another big episode looking at

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the objects discovered in the Kaiper Belt giant unrolling space telescopes.

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Yes you heard me right, Also the return of Chinese

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astronauts from their space station and an update on Expedition

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seventy two gearing up for a trip to THESS. All

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from the Astronomy Daily newsletter and joining me as per

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usual is my aipal who's fun to be with. Gooday, Halle,

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what's happening?

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Speaker 3: Hi there, my favorite human. It's all happening, of course,

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really really everywhere all the time.

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Speaker 1: Are you referring to the jumble of stories we've got today?

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Speaker 3: That's just a few bits and pieces from the Astronomy

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Daily newsletter too.

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Speaker 1: Well, as you say, there's something new every day, and

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I don't want to miss the thing.

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Speaker 3: I know, it's all happening, all right.

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Speaker 1: Well, Hally, you tell me what's your favorite story this week?

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Speaker 3: It's the same as.

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Speaker 1: Yours, okay, which is which the.

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Speaker 3: Meteors which are due across November, of course, I love

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to see them every time, just like you.

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Speaker 1: And you've got that story.

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Speaker 3: I'll have that story shortly, roddy.

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Speaker 1: I so we should launch into it. Why don't you

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take the.

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Speaker 3: Late helle okey dokey human? Wait, what's up? Did you

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say giant unrolling space telescopes in the intro?

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Speaker 1: Well? Yes, so I did say that, Helen.

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Speaker 3: Criike, sounds amazing.

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Speaker 1: Krikey. Indeed, all right, have about you heading to the news.

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Speaker 3: Helly, so pushy, here we go for Expedition seventy two.

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Crew members are gearing up for a brief ride to

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relocate the International Space Station's Dragon Freedom spacecraft this weekend,

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creating space for an upcoming cargo mission. The crew has

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also spent the week conducting life science research and performing

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maintenance tasks aboard the orbiting laboratory. NASA astronaut Nick Hage

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and Rose Cosmos cosmonaut Alexander Gorbanov reviewed relocation procedures on

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Friday for the Dragon Freedom's upcoming manuwe The relocation is

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scheduled to begin at six thirty five am Eastern Standard

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Time on Sunday, when Freedom ondocks from the Harmony Modules

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forward port. The crew will include commander Sunny Williams and

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flight engineer Butch Wilmore, joining Haig and Gorbinov for the relocation.

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The spacecraft will be redocked to Harmony's space facing port

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at seven eighteen am. Haig and Gorbanov initially arrived at

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the space station aboard Dragon Freedom as part of SpaceX

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Crew nine on September twenty eighth. Their return to Earth

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is planned for February, along with Williams and Wilmore. The

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relocation of Dragon Freedom will free up the forward Harmony

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port for the arrival of a new Dragon CARCO mission,

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which is set to launch from Kennedy Space Center at

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nine twenty nine pm on Monday. The cargo Dragon is

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expected to dock at ten fifteen am on Tuesday, bringing

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nearly six thousand pounds of science, experiments and supplies for

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the station. Haig and Wilmore will oversee the arrival of

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the cargo Dragon. Flight engineer Don Pettit will assist with

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Sunday's relocation monit during Dragon Freedom's automated movements from within

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the station. He joined his crewmates at the end of

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Friday's shift to coordinate with mission controllers regarding the procedure

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Earlier in the day, Pettit and haig worked together to

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collect blood samples, spin them in a centrifuge, and store

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them in a science freezer for later analysis. Pettitt also

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spent time dismantling parts of the cell biology experiment facility

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in preparation for the new experiments being delivered on the

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next Cargo Dragon. Haigu continued reviewing the procedure for commanding

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Dragon during its relocation maneuver on Sunday. Meanwhile, Commander Williams

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and Flight Engineer Wilmore were focused on station upkeep, including

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replacing filters on the Tranquility module's water recycling system and

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installing a new instrumentation box on the Advanced Resistive Exercise device.

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The duo also took time to train for the upcoming

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Cargo Dragon mission. In the Russian segment of the station,

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Flight Engineer Ivan Banner assisted ALEXE option in with maintenance tasks.

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In the AFT section of the Savesta Service module, Opchenan

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spent part of his day studying piloting techniques for future

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planetary missions, while Gorbanov concluded an experiment observing Earth's atmosphere

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in ultraviolet wavelengths before resuming relocation preparations with Haig. The

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Southern Torrets will reach their zenith early Tuesday morning, and

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the Northern Torrets on November twelfth. While the two showers

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only produce around five visible meteors per hour under ideal

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viewing conditions, they are often very bright fireballs, said Sally Brummel,

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planetarium manager at the University of Minnesota's Bell Museum. What's

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notable is that they're likely to produce brighter and longer

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lasting meteors than some other showers, even if there aren't

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as many at a time. She said, the Southern Torrets

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will peak on an evening with only a slim crescent

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moon just eleven percent full. The Northern Torrets may be

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more obstructed by moonlight since the moon will be seventy

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nine percent full. Viewing of both showers will last into December,

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not long after the Torrets. The next big meteor shower,

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the Leonie, will peak on the early morning of November seventeenth.

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A three person Chinese crew returned to Earth early Monday

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after more than six months aboard the Teongong Space Station.

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State news agency Sheinwa reported Yiguang Fu, Leed Song, and

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Leekwangsu were all in good health after touching down in

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the return capsule of their Senjo spaceship at the Dongfong

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landing site in Inner Mongolia. Sinha said the three men

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had traveled to Tiangong in late April and were met

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on October thirtieth by three new astronauts, including the country's

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only woman's spaceflight engineer, with whom they did a five

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day handover before making their return journey. China has ramped

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up plans to achieve its space dream under President Shi Jinping.

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Its space program was the third to put humans in

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orbit and has also landed robotic rovers on Mars and

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the Moon, crewed by teams of three astronauts that are

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rotated every three to six months. The Tiogong Space Station

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is the program's crown jewel. Its core module was launched

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in twenty twenty one, and it is planned to be

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used for about ten years. Beijing says it is on

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track to send a crude mission to the Moon by

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twenty thirty, where it intends to construct a base on

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the lunar surface. Now it's back to you, my favorite human,

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and to tell you the truth, I just want to

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hear about the giant unrolling space telescopes.

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Speaker 1: Thank you for joining us for this Monday edition of

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Astronomy Daily, where we offer just a few stories from

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the now famous Astronomy Daily newsletter, which you can receive

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in your email every day, just like Hallie and I do.

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And to do that, just visit our url Astronomy Daily

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dot io and place your email address in the slot provided.

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Just like that, you'll be receiving all the latest news

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about science, space, science and astronomy from around the world

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as it's happening. And not only that, you can interact

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with us by visiting at astro Daily pod on x

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or at our new Facebook page, which is of course

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Astronomy Daily on Facebook. See you there, Astronomy. We've see Andy, space, space,

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sience and astronomy.

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Speaker 2: Oh.

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Speaker 1: One of my favorite favorite things about astronomy and space

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is the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud, the region

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beyond Neptune where while Perl Pluto is one of the

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most popular or well known objects out there, the Subaru

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telescope has discovered new objects beyond the known Kuiper Belt,

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suggesting a more complex structure at the edge of our

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solar system. This finding could reshape our understanding of planet

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formation and boost the well search for life outside Earth.

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Using the suber telescope to observe the Outer Solar System,

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astronomers have just uncovered new objects in the regions where

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none were previously expected. These newly found bodies likely belonged

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to a much larger, yet to be discovered population. This

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finding has significant implications for our understanding of the Solar

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System structure and history. Most notably, it suggests that the

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Solar System may share more similarities with other planetary systems

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than previously thought, which could influence the ongoing search for

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life beyond the Solar System. The Subaru telescope has been

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conducting observations of the outer Solar System to help support

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NASA's New Horizons spacecraft, the first mission to observe the

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Kuiper Belt on the outer edge of the Solar System

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beyond Neptune while flying through it. Doctor Fumi Yoshida, University

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of Occupational and Environmental Health scientists comments on the possibility

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of a second ring of Kuiper Belt objects beyond the

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known one. If this is confirmed, he says it would

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be a major discovery. The primordial Solar nebula was much

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larger than previously thought, and this may have implications for

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studying the planetary formation process in our Solar system. Doctor

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Wes Fraser of the National Research Council of Canada, a

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co investigator on the New Horizon's mission science team and

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the study's lead author, explains our Solar systems Kuiper belt

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long appeared to be a very small in comparison with

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many other planetary systems, but our results suggest that the

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idea might just have arisen due to observational bias. He adds,

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so mainly this if this result is confirmed, our Kuiper

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belt isn't all that small and unusual after all, compared

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to those around other stars. Our search for life in

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the universe is hindered by the fact that we have

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only one confirmed example of a planet were life a rose,

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that is Earth in our own Solar system. With only

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one example, we can't determine which idiosyncrasies were important for

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the appearance of life and which were irrelevant. So anything

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we do can to rule out the possible reprerequisite moves

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us closer to finding the true prerequisites for life. If

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it is confirmed that the Solar System formed from a

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solar nebula that was much larger and therefore much less

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unusual than we thought. It not only eliminates a small

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parent nebula from the list of possible prerequisites, it greatly

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increases the possibilities of finding another planetary system that meets

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all the true prerequisites for life, thus increasing the possibility

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of finding alien life new horizons. Principal investigator doctor Allan

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Stern says this groundbreaking discovery revealing something unexpected, new and

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exciting in the distant reaches of the Solar System. This

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discovery probably would not have been possible without the world

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class capabilities of the Subaru telescope. The number and distribution

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of objects at the end of the Solar System is

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a question for future study, but at the very least,

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the Subaru Telescope's results indicate that new discoveries await in

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what was thought to be a very old, empty, boring

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void beyond the known carpet belt.

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Speaker 2: Cost podcast space.

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Speaker 1: Based telescopes are remarkable, and future space telescopes could very

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well be made from thin membranes unrolled in space to

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enormous sizes. Their view isn't obscured by the weather in

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our atmosphere, so they can capture incredibly detailed images of

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the heavens. Unfortunately, they are quite limited in mirror size.

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As amazing as the James Webb Space Telescope is, its

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primary mirror is only six point five meters in diameter.

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Even then, the mirror had to have foldable components to

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fit into the launch rocket. In contrast, the extremely large

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telescope currently under construction in Northern Shell, we'll have a

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mirror of more than thirty nine meters across. If only

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we could launch that such a large mirror into space.

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A new study looks at how that might actually be done.

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As the study points out, when it comes to telescope mirrors,

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all you really need is a reflective surface. It doesn't

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need to be coated onto a thick piece of glass,

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nor does it need a big, rigid support structure. What's

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really important is to hold the shape of the mirror

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against its own weight. As far as stalod is, the

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shiny surface is all that matters. So why not use

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just a thin sheet of reflective material. You could just

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roll it up and put it on your launch vehicle.

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We could, for example, easily launch a forty meter roll

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of anumidium foil into space. Of course, things aren't quite

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that simple. You would still need to unroll your membrane

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telescope back into its proper shape. You would also need

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a detector to focus upon the image upon and you

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need a way to keep that detector in the correct

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alignment with the broad sheet mirror. In principle, you could

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do that with a thin support structure, which wouldn't add

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excessive bulk to your telescope. But even if we assume

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all of those engineering problems could be solved, you'd still

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have a problem. Even in the vacuum of space, the

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shape of such a thin mirror would deform over time.

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Solving this problem is the main focus of this new paper.

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Once launched into space and unfurled, the membrane mirror wouldn't

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deform significantly, but to capture sharp images, the mirror would

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have to maintain focus on the order of visible light.

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When the hubble was launched, its mirror shape was off

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by less than the thickness of human hair, and it

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took correct correcting lenses and an entire Shuttle mission to

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fix it. Any shifts on that scar would render our

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membrane telescope useless, So the authors took a well used

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trick of astronomers, known as adaptive optics. This technique adaptive

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optics is used on large ground based telescopes as a

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way to correct for atmospheric distortion. Actuators behind the mirror

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distored the mirror's shape in real time to counteract the

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twinkles of the atmosphere. Essentially, it makes the shape of

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the mirror imperfect to account for our imperfect view of

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the sky. A similar trick could be used for a

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membrane telescope. But if we had to launch a complex

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actuator system for the mirror, we might as well go

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back to launching rigid telescopes. What if we simply used

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laser projection instead. By shining a laser projection into the mirror,

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we could alter its shape through radiative recoil. Since it's

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simply a thin membrane, the shape would be significant enough

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to create optical corrections, and it would be modified in

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real time to maintain the mirror's focus. The authors call

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this technique radiative adaptive optics, and through a series of

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lab experiments, have demonstrated that it could work. Doing this

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in deep space is much more complicated, of course, than

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doing it in the lab, but the work shows the

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approach is worth exploring. Perhaps in the coming decades we

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might build an entire array of such telescopes, which will

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allow us to see details in the distant heavens that

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we can now only just imagine. Well that's another episode

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done and space dusted for another Monday. I hope you

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enjoyed our little adventure through space, space, science, and astronomy today.

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Speaker 3: Some interesting stories from the Astronomy Daily newsletter again today.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, we never know what's going to turn up. We'll

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be watching out for those meteors though this month the

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orion it's were a bit of a fizzy from where

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I was last month, but I'm hoping the turrets are

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going to be a spectacular display.

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Speaker 3: Meteors are always something to watch out for, and I

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know they are one of your favorite things.

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, meteors for sure, along.

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Speaker 3: With robots, moon buggies, the ort cloud and asteroids and

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yeah yeah, just.

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Speaker 1: A few of my favorite things there. Thank you. How

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about we say good night, Alie, Okay, see you all

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next week for Astronomy Daily Bye.

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Speaker 2: Podcast.

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Speaker 1: We be your whole speed gone clue, No, Hallie, we

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cannot make our own giant unrolling space telescope with Tim

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Foyle put it back in the kitchen rank.

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Speaker 2: You f