Speaker 1: Hi, and welcome back to part two of our double
Speaker 1: episode on women in the Minus Strike of nineteen eighty
Speaker 1: four or five. If you haven't listened to part one yet,
Speaker 1: I'd go back and listen to that first. As a reminder,
Speaker 1: our podcast is brought to you by our Patreon supporters.
Speaker 1: Our supporters found our work and in return get exclusive
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Speaker 1: history of struggle alive. You can learn more and sign
Speaker 1: up at patreon dot com slash working Class history link
Speaker 1: in the show notes. As the strike progressed, many picket
Speaker 1: lines became increasingly violent, including at Easington in the northeast
Speaker 1: of England.
Speaker 2: At one point there was a police car turned over
Speaker 2: and there were some windows put out at the yet
Speaker 2: cogiery officers, but it wasn't anything on the lines of Augreave.
Speaker 2: I mean, my god, Augreave was just horrendous.
Speaker 1: As a reminder, this is Heather Wood, chair of the
Speaker 1: Easington Women's support group. Orgreave was a coching plant at
Speaker 1: which there were extremely violent clashes between police and pickets,
Speaker 1: which we're going to talk more about in our forthcoming
Speaker 1: series with striking miners.
Speaker 2: After those cars had been turned over the way, people
Speaker 2: were picked up on the streets and taken to court,
Speaker 2: and even if it just happened to be passing them,
Speaker 2: were arrested. I mean, I know one young lad who
Speaker 2: had been taking his girlfriend home that picked him up
Speaker 2: as somebody involved in that. He was taken to court
Speaker 2: and the judge just said, I'm not listening to individual stories.
Speaker 2: I'm treating all the same. You're going to prison. He
Speaker 2: went to prison, and it happened was a relative of
Speaker 2: mine and it was still as formally parents. While his
Speaker 2: parents were on holiday. The governor of the prison rang
Speaker 2: my mother and said, it's quite clear that this lad
Speaker 2: shouldn't be here and if you are prepared to access
Speaker 2: responsibility and make sure he gets back, and prepared to
Speaker 2: release them to cities exams at college, and that happened.
Speaker 2: Now that was the enemy withins or you know what
Speaker 2: I mean. It's just incredible what the state could do.
Speaker 1: In July nineteen eighty four, Women's strike supporters organized a
Speaker 1: conference at which they discussed establishing a national organization and
Speaker 1: a national women's protest in London. This was established formerly
Speaker 1: in August as Women Against Pit Closures WAPC. Amongst the
Speaker 1: women who came together to support the strike, there were
Speaker 1: conflicts around what the goals of WAPC should be, whether
Speaker 1: they should be narrowly in support of the strike or
Speaker 1: whether they should have wider goals related to things like
Speaker 1: women's liberation in general. Also, many members of WAPC plainly
Speaker 1: stated that they were not feminists, but especially as time
Speaker 1: went on, many members came into contact with the feminist movement,
Speaker 1: particularly through the Greenham Common Peace Camp. These tensions resulted
Speaker 1: in a decision that one hundred percent of the WAPC
Speaker 1: leadership would have to be women related to miners, such
Speaker 1: as wives, mothers, sisters and so on, and that seventy
Speaker 1: five percent of any member group also had to be
Speaker 1: minor related women. This was in order to restrict the
Speaker 1: focus of the group to the strike itself. So while
Speaker 1: many women's groups did join the national organization, a good
Speaker 1: number of others didn't, like the Barnsley Miners Wives Action Group,
Speaker 1: which remained independent. The women decided that their group should
Speaker 1: be women only and that it would have a close
Speaker 1: relationship with but would be autonomous from the National Union
Speaker 1: of Mineworkers in UM. On the eleventh of August nineteen
Speaker 1: eighty four, up to twenty five thousand women marched in
Speaker 1: London in support of the striking miners. But as the
Speaker 1: strike dragged on, the employers were able to get increasing
Speaker 1: numbers of scabs back to work.
Speaker 2: I'm proud to say that an Ease and Currant, we
Speaker 2: had the least scams, we had the least go back
Speaker 2: to work before the official day of return, and I
Speaker 2: can't remember the numbers brough with hand for rather than
Speaker 2: a lot as the government would have you know that
Speaker 2: the returning to work in droves before the vote, there
Speaker 2: certainly weren't here.
Speaker 1: Many mining communities are still divided today along lines of
Speaker 1: who scabbed and who didn't.
Speaker 2: For me and for a lot of other people, it's
Speaker 2: still the same when you talk about certain people, you're
Speaker 2: always in the conversation with, well, you know he was
Speaker 2: a scab. There's a photograph taken by Keith Patterson inside
Speaker 2: of the clergy club when the meals are being served
Speaker 2: and one of the women who is has that plate
Speaker 2: in the hand getting a meal. Her husband went back
Speaker 2: to work and I remember still the press he was
Speaker 2: going back to work because they received no help from
Speaker 2: anybody unless she was in the clergy club get the
Speaker 2: meal and our children were getting meals. Well, what were
Speaker 2: the help did you want?
Speaker 3: You know? It was just a blatantly it was an
Speaker 3: excuse for going back. But they'll not be forgotten.
Speaker 2: No, we might even speak now, might say hello, but
Speaker 2: never be forgotten.
Speaker 1: In Nottinghamshire, where strikers were outnumbered by scabs, strikers had
Speaker 1: a very difficult time and while the media frequently covered
Speaker 1: tales of violence by strikers against scabs, they didn't cover
Speaker 1: violence by scabs against strikers. On one occasion, for example,
Speaker 1: when the car and garage of Peter and Janie Neelan
Speaker 1: was set ablaze and their house vandalized. Itn rushed a
Speaker 1: news crew to the home to report on it, but
Speaker 1: when they learned that Peter was a striker and the
Speaker 1: arsonists were scabs, they apparently packed up their equipment and
Speaker 1: went home.
Speaker 2: We actually went to Olloton, Nothinghamshire, because nothing had very
Speaker 2: few people who were on strike. Most scabbed and that's
Speaker 2: where they from the breakaway union. But we knew that
Speaker 2: the people in Alton who were on strike had very
Speaker 2: little because they didn't have the support of the local
Speaker 2: shops and everything that we had. So we actually got
Speaker 2: a mini bus and took food down for them at
Speaker 2: Oland and we stayed with them and it was just
Speaker 2: so hard for them. I mean the year were worse
Speaker 2: off than we were because the numbers were totally different.
Speaker 2: There was more scabs going in than there were people
Speaker 2: on strike, so it must have been really really hard
Speaker 2: for them, and they were getting the treatment that the
Speaker 2: scabs were saying that they were on the end of,
Speaker 2: you know, people putting the windows in. That was the
Speaker 2: Nottingham strikers had their windows put in, had their people threatened,
Speaker 2: and like I said, Florence Anderson was arrested and Scargill
Speaker 2: was arrested Betty Cook and they were in the Yorkshire
Speaker 2: area then. But we were all doing very similar things,
Speaker 2: working around the clock really seven days a week for
Speaker 2: a year, because while you weren't making meals, you were
Speaker 2: trying to organize, or you were trying to fundraise, or
Speaker 2: you're trying to picket, or you were trying to write stories.
Speaker 3: So you know, there was something all the time every
Speaker 3: day as well as.
Speaker 1: The employers, the government and the police. The press was
Speaker 1: almost unified against the strike.
Speaker 3: Yes, it was very much so.
Speaker 2: Like I said, it was always something the pickets have
Speaker 2: been smashed, this place up and in lots of cases
Speaker 2: it wasn't true. And look at all grief. They discovered
Speaker 2: how many years later that the film had been screened
Speaker 2: the wrong way around. It actually was the.
Speaker 3: Police going at the miners.
Speaker 2: And yet now we're asking for an inquiry the government
Speaker 2: to refuse in it.
Speaker 1: Indeed, the state broadcast of the BBC showed footage of
Speaker 1: miners throwing missiles at police, followed by a violent police
Speaker 1: charge against the miners. In reality, it later transpired that
Speaker 1: the police attack happened first and miners responded by trying
Speaker 1: to defend themselves by throwing objects.
Speaker 2: It's discussing we need justice the way they're trett us
Speaker 2: and the press, the capitalist press, were against us. At
Speaker 2: one point the mirror went in general, the mirror was
Speaker 2: with us, but it was always the headlines the enemy within. Well,
Speaker 2: I mean, at the end we got to be quite
Speaker 2: proud that we were in But like I said, behind
Speaker 2: the scenes, the journalists unions raised a lot of money
Speaker 2: to help us. They were doing their job, and they
Speaker 2: were throwing to their job. If we would all just
Speaker 2: stick together, it would be wonderful, wouldn't all outstrike?
Speaker 1: But an all out strike was not forthcoming. We'll talk
Speaker 1: more about that in our forthcoming miniseries. In addition to
Speaker 1: the trade union movement as a whole, the Labor Party,
Speaker 1: which was set up and funded by the unions, and
Speaker 1: its leader Neil Kinner were criticized for failing to support
Speaker 1: the strike.
Speaker 3: Let us down.
Speaker 2: They let us down badly, very badly when you think.
Speaker 2: I mentioned at the beginning of the interview that Neil
Speaker 2: Kenneth came to our village just the year before the strike,
Speaker 2: and he was all in support.
Speaker 3: His grandfather was a.
Speaker 2: Miner and all this, and then all of a sudden
Speaker 2: there was nothing. We were just left were the enemy within,
Speaker 2: and the likes of Kinnec were frightened off because the
Speaker 2: press all against us. And again I mean the reporters
Speaker 2: weren't against us because we were getting loads of money
Speaker 2: from their unions with the owners of the newspapers that
Speaker 2: were against us. But Kinnick and his ilk slotted in
Speaker 2: with that because they were frightened of their own future. No,
Speaker 2: it wasn't about the strike, it was about their future.
Speaker 2: They were looking after themselves, very much the same as.
Speaker 3: The Hour today.
Speaker 1: In November nineteen eighty four, many women members of Lesbians
Speaker 1: and Gays Support the Mind as a queer minors support group,
Speaker 1: split off from the organization to form Lesbians Against Pit Closures,
Speaker 1: an explicitly lesbian women's group which joined Minus Picket Lions
Speaker 1: and helped fundraising activities in support of the strike. You
Speaker 1: can learn more about these groups in episodes twenty seven
Speaker 1: to twenty nine of our podcast. As the winter of
Speaker 1: nineteen eighty four to five continued, it became clear to
Speaker 1: Heather and other strike supporters but most likely the government
Speaker 1: was going to succeed in starving the miners.
Speaker 3: Back to work.
Speaker 2: In all of our hearts of hearts, I think we knew,
Speaker 2: I really do. We never talked about it out loud,
Speaker 2: and certainly when I was talking to.
Speaker 3: The women, it was always we can still do it,
Speaker 3: we can.
Speaker 2: Still win, we can do it. And I remember one
Speaker 2: year we've been to Middlesbrough to a rally and Hugh Binnan,
Speaker 2: who was elected Joe Muni at that time and raised
Speaker 2: a lot of money for us. He was there and
Speaker 2: he isn't. Women were walking up ahead after the rally
Speaker 2: and we'd just been sent and we can still do
Speaker 2: we can. I think that was about the January we
Speaker 2: can still do what we can do it And then
Speaker 2: Hugh and I just looked at each other and both
Speaker 2: had teas and our wives because we can knew we
Speaker 2: weren't going to do it.
Speaker 3: But you have to have faith. You have to you
Speaker 3: never know. It might have worked.
Speaker 2: But at the end of the day, I always say,
Speaker 2: we didn't lose. Okay, we took our communities and everything,
Speaker 2: but they didn't take our self respect because we stood
Speaker 2: and we thought.
Speaker 1: Eventually, in early March nineteen eighty five, just shy of
Speaker 1: a year after the strike began, miners held meetings to
Speaker 1: vote on ending the strike, which the majority ended up doing.
Speaker 2: It was absolutely horrendous. I remember the day. I don't
Speaker 2: remember the date, but I remember the day we had.
Speaker 2: There was a big meeting in Easington Welfare Hall and
Speaker 2: the hall was packed and spoke the lease jobs that spoke.
Speaker 2: They were union officials and I've been asked to speak,
Speaker 2: and I can picture it now. I had my speech
Speaker 2: in my pocket, I'd written it and I went to
Speaker 2: get the alphaby pocket and I put it back and.
Speaker 3: I just spoke.
Speaker 2: It was just it was quite hard, and you're looking
Speaker 2: around to say a Basis paid Blue four for a year,
Speaker 2: and it's just sad. The felt defeated, and it took
Speaker 2: a long time for people, and still some people haven't
Speaker 2: realized we were braving what we did. We didn't win
Speaker 2: the end game, but we were braving what we did.
Speaker 1: As the strike ended, Heather made a speech at a
Speaker 1: rally in Easington, which features in the film Can't Beat
Speaker 1: It Alone by Amber Films, to whom we're thankful for
Speaker 1: sharing this contemporary recording with us.
Speaker 4: Well, I think over the last twelve months, I've made
Speaker 4: some speeches, but I think this is the most racking
Speaker 4: one of the lot, because really I don't know what
Speaker 4: to say to it all.
Speaker 5: I'm choked up because words can't say what I feel.
Speaker 5: You've been the greatest people I think that could ever exist,
Speaker 5: and I think people that this country, contrary to what
Speaker 5: missus Thatcher says, we should be proud of, because I'm
Speaker 5: certainly proud to be part of this community. I think
Speaker 5: there's been a hell of a lot of suffering over
Speaker 5: the last few months, last twelve months anyway. But what
Speaker 5: we've got to remember is we've gained a lot from
Speaker 5: that suffering all sections of our community. We've all come together.
Speaker 5: We weren't like that before the strike. I know we
Speaker 5: were to a certain extent, but we've never worked together
Speaker 5: like we have the last twelve months. We've got to
Speaker 5: continue it. Don't be downhearted, because I'm not. There was
Speaker 5: a young lad asked me in the welfare hall just
Speaker 5: as the strike was over. He said, Heather, you know
Speaker 5: to get I think it was worth it what we've done,
Speaker 5: and I've answered them sharp. You might have thought I
Speaker 5: was a bit too sharp, but I certainly don't think
Speaker 5: it's over. It won't be over until we get Margaret
Speaker 5: Thatcher out, and until we win the case for Call,
Speaker 5: and until we win a good working class society for
Speaker 5: us all. And again, from the bottom of my heart,
Speaker 5: all of you is thanks very much for Sean. What
Speaker 5: good people are. I only wish the press had put it.
Speaker 1: Over, while striking miners simply wouldn't have been able to
Speaker 1: hold out as long as they did without the support
Speaker 1: from their wives and women's support groups. The crucial role
Speaker 1: played by women in the dispute hadn't received adequate recognition
Speaker 1: until relatively recently.
Speaker 2: I would say the last ten years people have started
Speaker 2: to look at and to record more what the women
Speaker 2: did and the worst women in that strike. I mean
Speaker 2: every year since the strike, I've had at least two
Speaker 2: students from universities all over the country who were doing
Speaker 2: invitations on the.
Speaker 3: Women's groups in the strike.
Speaker 2: But in more recent years you've got a Maximum Peaks
Speaker 2: just written a play about the women's support groups in
Speaker 2: the strike. I think that's one in Manchester. Now you've
Speaker 2: got Lucy Brownie's doing a piece for the Durham Book
Speaker 2: Festival on me, my mother and my two grandmothers and
Speaker 2: that it's about strong women in mine and communities and
Speaker 2: that leading up to the strike. The is what I
Speaker 2: was saying earlier. Women just over the years have just
Speaker 2: got on the gone out twenty six did the soup
Speaker 2: kitchens in twenty six, went back, came out, the wanted
Speaker 2: bat in the suite, the protestors who went back, we
Speaker 2: just did it. This time we're saying we would recognize
Speaker 2: them in history. That needs to be there, what women
Speaker 2: have done. And I don't know whether you saw the
Speaker 2: work that the Women's Family Group did in Durham over this.
Speaker 3: Last nine months.
Speaker 2: But it was a group formed to get a women's
Speaker 2: banner ready for the Durham Big Meeting and we asked
Speaker 2: women throughout the county to depict what they do in
Speaker 2: patchwork and we put a patchwork banner together with the
Speaker 2: help of Mary Turner who's a Durham quiza, and that
Speaker 2: was paraded at Durham's Big meetant and it was blessed.
Speaker 2: It's the first women's banner to be blessed in Durame
Speaker 2: Cathedral on Big Meat and Day with the other banners,
Speaker 2: and it's the first women's banner to be accepted into
Speaker 2: the Durham Miners Banner Group. So all this is going on,
Speaker 2: there's so much happening at the minute. People want to
Speaker 2: know about women and the work that women have done
Speaker 2: in our communities. It's amazing. So to me, I'll try
Speaker 2: to talk to everybody because it needs to be recorded,
Speaker 2: needs to be written down because otherwise the Tories, the capitalists,
Speaker 2: they're right it their way and history will be changed.
Speaker 1: Despite the loss of the strike itself, participation in it
Speaker 1: changed the lives of many women, especially in mining communities.
Speaker 2: I think the good thing, one of the good things
Speaker 2: was that women recognized that politics was for them and
Speaker 2: they could get involved and they did have a voice,
Speaker 2: and they could organize and they could do things outside
Speaker 2: the home or work.
Speaker 3: That was the biggest thing.
Speaker 2: One of the biggest learning curve for all of us
Speaker 2: was how the state can operate against you, what can
Speaker 2: do the constraints that can put on you. The people
Speaker 2: that can be locked up for no reason, learned us.
Speaker 2: I think I learned a lot of women about capitalists
Speaker 2: and haven't thought about it, and they hadn't thought how
Speaker 2: politics are set did their lives. And I mean that
Speaker 2: went for some men as well, because I can remember
Speaker 2: saying to one man, have you looked at the political aspects?
Speaker 2: And he said, oh, politics, I'm not involved in politics.
Speaker 2: And I said, do you see that time to be?
Speaker 2: He said, yeah, what as the tax that's on that
Speaker 2: that goes to government, so that time to be it
Speaker 2: is political. You are coming in a political act.
Speaker 5: Oh.
Speaker 3: I never thought about that.
Speaker 2: So it was opening people's eyes. So I think that
Speaker 2: was one of the good things. I just hope we
Speaker 2: don't forget it again because the one about the states,
Speaker 2: because we were all surprised when the police landed in
Speaker 2: asn't in the way.
Speaker 3: The day is.
Speaker 2: But we shouldn't have been because look at Peter Leo,
Speaker 2: look at nineteen twenty six strike. You know the government
Speaker 2: have always gone out against us, so we shouldn't have
Speaker 2: been surprised. So it's important that things like this had done.
Speaker 2: Recordings like this are made so that people do remember
Speaker 2: what's going on.
Speaker 1: Large numbers of women involved in the strike continued to
Speaker 1: be politically active afterwards in many ways, for example, in
Speaker 1: the movement against apartheid in South Africa, in struggles against
Speaker 1: further picitclosures in the nineteen nineties and more. Lots of
Speaker 1: the women also decided to resume their formal education to
Speaker 1: improve their own opportunities, going to collegies and universities. One
Speaker 1: woman was quoted in Jill Miller's book You Can't Kill
Speaker 1: the Spirit Women in a Welsh mining Valley as saying
Speaker 1: the following quote, The strike was worth millions to me.
Speaker 1: Our women's group will continue to flourish, it will go on.
Speaker 1: We suddenly found out that there was life after marriage.
Speaker 1: We've taken a political step forward in a year and
Speaker 1: formed friendships that most women would take a lifetime to achieve,
Speaker 1: and we don't intend to go back into the background.
Speaker 1: Our husbands don't want us to either, even though some
Speaker 1: of them have been heard to cry, please give us
Speaker 1: back our wives. We have made a mark in this town.
Speaker 1: We've made a space for ourselves in this world, and
Speaker 1: we fully intend to keep it. As a matter of fact,
Speaker 1: we're going to try and make an even bigger space
Speaker 1: or go down trying end quote. Looking back. One incident
Speaker 1: of solidarity, which occurred during the strike in particular, stuck
Speaker 1: with Heather even decades later.
Speaker 2: One day when the first Easington scalp was gone back,
Speaker 2: the Hall of Easington turned out and I'm moon the
Speaker 2: Hall of Easington and the police were there and Jossy Smith,
Speaker 2: who lived just near the pit, he'd just been in
Speaker 2: hospital for a stomach operation and him and his wife
Speaker 2: had heard the commotion at the top of the street
Speaker 2: and they went up to see what was going on,
Speaker 2: and before he even really got there.
Speaker 3: He was picked up by a policeman.
Speaker 2: There's photographic evidence of it, and he's been taken man
Speaker 2: handled to a van by the police and his wife
Speaker 2: is shouting, I want me ma'am, I want me, madam,
Speaker 2: what you're doing to So the picked her up and
Speaker 2: took her to the van, and the crowd erupted at that,
Speaker 2: so that the police took Jossy and his wife back
Speaker 2: home and told them if they came out again and
Speaker 2: would definitely be arrested. So it's things like that but
Speaker 2: stick in my mind, oh because not half an hour
Speaker 2: later the police came back to Jossy and asked him
Speaker 2: if he would go out and quiet in the crowd down,
Speaker 2: you know, and these these are so amazing things that
Speaker 2: it things can't happen in your village. You know, who
Speaker 2: were JOSSI arrested like that? They rang me or somebody
Speaker 2: around me that night and said can.
Speaker 3: You go down and see Jossy and his wife because
Speaker 3: they're in such a space. You know.
Speaker 2: The other family that we were called to go to,
Speaker 2: their son was up and there was some rumpus about
Speaker 2: it had a counterfeit fifty pound note. It turned out
Speaker 2: it wasn't counterfeit, but but searched his parents' house, ran factors,
Speaker 2: contacted his employer in London. He was a chef and
Speaker 2: Rare did his flat in London and all known that
Speaker 2: had seen the fifty pound note. It was okay, and
Speaker 2: that's the lad. I had to get Jack Dormond to
Speaker 2: go and get released from the PlayStation. I went down
Speaker 2: to that lad's parents' house. The night had happened, and
Speaker 2: his mother was sad, and she was riddled with arthritis.
Speaker 2: And I always remember, I'm a very visual person, you know.
Speaker 2: I remember hands who was sort of all crooked and
Speaker 2: wizzened and with the arthritis, and she was only very thin,
Speaker 2: and she was crying, and the house was lost. And
Speaker 2: I said to the husband, did they have her a
Speaker 2: first word? And he said no, How the brad asked them,
Speaker 2: and they said, we can go and get one, but
Speaker 2: it'll be worse when we come back. So they just
Speaker 2: let them roundsack the house. And they didn't even tire
Speaker 2: you up afterwards. And the lad had done nothing wrong.
Speaker 2: So all those things stick forever.
Speaker 3: In your head.
Speaker 1: This small act of solidarity of the community was a
Speaker 1: microcosm of what sort of things the working class can
Speaker 1: achieve when we together, and how we could make the
Speaker 1: world into a very different place.
Speaker 2: Oh yes, if we all stick together, we could do it.
Speaker 2: But we fall in the Tory trap and we fight
Speaker 2: each other rather than fight the real enemy one day.
Speaker 1: That's certainly been the case for the bulk of recent history.
Speaker 1: But at the same time, there have always been people
Speaker 1: like Heather, the Minus wives and the other women who
Speaker 1: came together to support the strike. And while the repercussions
Speaker 1: of the minor strike persist today, so does the fight
Speaker 1: for a new kind of world.
Speaker 2: I always say I'm a utopian socialist, but I do
Speaker 2: hope we hear it.
Speaker 3: It's like I always said to.
Speaker 2: My children, am high and if you get halfway here.
Speaker 3: All right.
Speaker 1: So that's it for this double episode. If you want
Speaker 1: to learn more about struggles of Minus in Britain, check
Speaker 1: out our episodes twenty seven to twenty nine about queer
Speaker 1: support for the strike, and episode eight you about the
Speaker 1: strikes in nineteen seventy two and seventy four. We're only
Speaker 1: able to make these podcasts because of support from you,
Speaker 1: our listeners, So if you value our work, please do
Speaker 1: think about joining us at patreon dot com slash word
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Speaker 1: thank you for making this podcast possible. Special thanks to
Speaker 1: Jazz Hands, Fernando Lopezo Hada, Nick Williams and Old Norm.
Speaker 1: Music in these episodes is Curtsy of the Easington Colliery Band.
Speaker 1: Thanks to Amber Films for the audio clip. Learn more
Speaker 1: about both of these on the links in the show notes.
Speaker 1: This updated episode was edited by Tyler Hill with original
Speaker 1: editing by Jesse French. Thanks for listening and catch you
Speaker 1: next time.