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<v Speaker 1>Okay, sure, So it's quick up on Tesla. You have

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<v Speaker 1>to unute program for people hold on oneside.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, yeah. So I'm sure people have been reading

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<v Speaker 2>about the order alone, bailouts and all that sort of stuff.

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<v Speaker 2>So it's it's kind of a travesty at what's going on,

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<v Speaker 2>although I hope I don't think it's gonna last too long.

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<v Speaker 2>Into the Obama administration, there was a twenty five billion

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<v Speaker 2>dollar loan program that Congress approved to find energy development

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<v Speaker 2>of energy efficient vehicle, essentially the wean ourselves of oil.

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<v Speaker 2>And ironically, the Big Three then came to Washington and said,

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<v Speaker 2>now give us that money for our day to day

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<v Speaker 2>operations building gas guzzlers, which is is obviously a sort

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<v Speaker 2>of a version of the intent. And unfortunately, with the

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<v Speaker 2>job situation being being the way it is, Congress has

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<v Speaker 2>acceded to that demand and it is understanding currently giving

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<v Speaker 2>fifteen of the twenty five billion to the Big Three

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<v Speaker 2>to fund their data operations, which I.

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<v Speaker 1>Believe gets them to about February. I love kidding. There's

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<v Speaker 1>not even an exaggeration.

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<v Speaker 2>Although the Speaker a Speaker Pelosi has also said that

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<v Speaker 2>as soon as the new administration comes in they're going

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<v Speaker 2>to replenish that fund, so I think it'll be I

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<v Speaker 2>think it'll be okay.

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<v Speaker 1>But certainly, if you have the opportunity to express to.

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<v Speaker 2>Anyone in DC or in the press the importance of

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<v Speaker 2>developing clean energy vehicles, please take the opportunity to do so.

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<v Speaker 1>In the case of Tesla, if.

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<v Speaker 2>Tesla actually is not applying for any bailout funds, although

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<v Speaker 2>some of the press have mistaken that, what Tesla's done

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<v Speaker 2>is applied for funding to develop lower cost mass market vehicles,

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<v Speaker 2>and essentially the exact intent of the legislation, and.

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<v Speaker 1>So hopefully this will some money left over to actually

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<v Speaker 1>do that after the Big three have taken what the

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<v Speaker 1>what what they will take?

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<v Speaker 2>Uh so uh And and the Tesla Roadster, I think

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<v Speaker 2>a lot of people are familiar with that.

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<v Speaker 1>That's the two seater sports car.

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<v Speaker 2>In fact, my my car, which is production unit one,

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<v Speaker 2>is parked outside if anyone's curious.

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<v Speaker 1>To see it. There's uh there's also Tesla.

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<v Speaker 2>Sales and service center on Santa Monica Boulevard, so if

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<v Speaker 2>you want to pop in and take a look at

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<v Speaker 2>the card at that time, we also welcome do so.

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<v Speaker 2>And we're about to deliver our hundredth production Tesla next week.

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<v Speaker 2>And that's interestingly enough, our hundredth customer is Sam Perry.

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<v Speaker 1>If if if anybody.

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<v Speaker 2>Watched the the when Obama won and an Oprah was

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<v Speaker 2>crying on some guy's shoulder, that same guy's hundred customers.

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<v Speaker 1>So it's good.

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<v Speaker 2>Like Zelig, I mean, he's sort of everywhere. So anyway,

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<v Speaker 2>he's a really great guy and lives in the area.

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<v Speaker 2>It's going to take a little bit of his car

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<v Speaker 2>on Tuesday, so I'm going to hand him the keys

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<v Speaker 2>personally and think of being a customer. So and you know,

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<v Speaker 2>there's an important point about Tesla, which is, whenever somebody

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<v Speaker 2>buys the Tesla Roadster, even though it's a one hundred

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<v Speaker 2>thousand dollars one hundred nine thousand dollars sports car and

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<v Speaker 2>it's kind of a fancy sports car, every pointy that

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<v Speaker 2>Tesla makes goes into development of lower cost mass mark vehicles.

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<v Speaker 1>So the company doesn't.

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<v Speaker 2>Issue any dividends, nor will it ever know my stalary's

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<v Speaker 2>minimum wage, you know.

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<v Speaker 1>So I'm a volunteer.

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<v Speaker 2>Basically, So and then you know, it's it's like it's

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<v Speaker 2>just an important point because sometimes people think, well, gee,

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<v Speaker 2>what's the point of making these these expensive cars, which

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<v Speaker 2>are sort of toys for rich people, hows that really

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<v Speaker 2>helping the environment.

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<v Speaker 1>The important point to bear in mind is that when.

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<v Speaker 2>You have new technology, it takes time to optimize that technology.

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<v Speaker 2>If you think back to the early days of cell

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<v Speaker 2>phones or laptops or pretty much anything new, it's expensive

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<v Speaker 2>in the early days because the first job with a

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<v Speaker 2>new technology is you've got to make it work, and

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<v Speaker 2>you make it small volume you sell those cars. But

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<v Speaker 2>if you the critical point is that you can't get

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<v Speaker 2>to the low cost cars unless you start with the

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<v Speaker 2>expensive cars. And and that's that's the point that sometimes lies. Anyway,

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<v Speaker 2>that's enough on Tesla. I'll jump into the space stuff

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<v Speaker 2>and I'll kick it off with our last flight video.

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<v Speaker 3>Fuel turned out actually are set.

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<v Speaker 1>To trigger system. So this is actually on a remote

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<v Speaker 1>trop of the island. We launched a small rocket, the

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<v Speaker 1>Falcon one from an island in the quadronin anshole. So

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<v Speaker 1>so it feels a bit of nefarious to be launching

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<v Speaker 1>rockets for a moretrochoical islands. Yeah, I feel a bit

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<v Speaker 1>like a brine villain in this case. It's basically just

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<v Speaker 1>a dummy satellite. So if this is basically.

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<v Speaker 2>A test flight to get to orbits. So this is

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<v Speaker 2>actually our fourth flights. The flights two or three made

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<v Speaker 2>it to space, but they didn't make rule a way

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<v Speaker 2>to orbit. And it's actually a lot harder to get

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<v Speaker 2>to orbit than it is to get to space. You

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<v Speaker 2>can get to space just by getting going up to

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<v Speaker 2>mark three, but to get to orbit you get to

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<v Speaker 2>get you have to have a minimum of mark twenty five,

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<v Speaker 2>and that doesn't actually explain the full difficulty because the

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<v Speaker 2>energy scales with the square of the last seas, So

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<v Speaker 2>getting space nine inntes of energy, getting to orbit six

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<v Speaker 2>hundred and twenty five minutes of energy. It's about seventy

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<v Speaker 2>times harder to get to orbit than to get to space,

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<v Speaker 2>and that's why there's only been about half a dozen

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<v Speaker 2>countries in the world that have actually reached aubit. So

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<v Speaker 2>this is actually the first completely privately developed rocket uh

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<v Speaker 2>to to reach orbit and also the first amen privately

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<v Speaker 2>about liquid fuel rocky disorders. This is it's named This

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<v Speaker 2>is the Falcon one. It's named Falcon after the Millennium Falcons.

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<v Speaker 1>From Star Wars. Looks nothing like it, but.

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<v Speaker 2>So the music in the background is a high roller

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<v Speaker 2>from the crystal method.

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<v Speaker 1>Actually with with with rockets. Uh. The only semi reuseful

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<v Speaker 1>rocket in.

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<v Speaker 2>The world right now is the Space Shuttle, and they

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<v Speaker 2>say sam reusul because the main tank is actually.

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<v Speaker 1>Thrown away every time, so it's typically we're really almost

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<v Speaker 1>in all cases rockets are not recovered.

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<v Speaker 2>They basically re enter and kind of either burn up

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<v Speaker 2>or crash into the ocean and think to the bottom.

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<v Speaker 1>Typically now a.

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<v Speaker 2>Falcon one, our intent is to recover the first stage,

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<v Speaker 2>which unfortunately we weren't able to do it this flight.

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<v Speaker 2>The clametry coming down showed that that the it didn't

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<v Speaker 2>have enough normal protection, so it actually ended.

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<v Speaker 1>Up burning up. We need to increase the thermal protection.

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<v Speaker 1>Got Uh. The field is is a high purity kerosene,

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<v Speaker 1>so it's.

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<v Speaker 2>Like sort of a very clean form of jet fuel

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<v Speaker 2>basically with no sult of content dry. It's not the

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<v Speaker 2>greatest thing in the world, but we do buy lots

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<v Speaker 2>of carbon ox sets, so.

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<v Speaker 1>It's a nine degresional that too.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, exactly, we're making use of thest rotation to help

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<v Speaker 2>with the insert simplacity.

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<v Speaker 3>Could you actually go out wouldn't it be easier to

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<v Speaker 3>go into space?

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<v Speaker 2>And well, the only way to go up and stay

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<v Speaker 2>up is to reach orb it. The the gravity is

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<v Speaker 2>actually almost the same force at say two hundred.

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<v Speaker 1>Miles above the surface as it is on the on

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<v Speaker 1>the surface of the Earth.

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<v Speaker 2>The only reason people seem to be sort of floating around,

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<v Speaker 2>but actually what's happening is they're zooming around the Earth

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<v Speaker 2>super fast. And the said the outward acceleration is equal

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<v Speaker 2>to the inward acceleration of gravity, and so when that's neutralized,

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<v Speaker 2>you have what appears to be zero gravity, but you're

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<v Speaker 2>actally just sort.

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<v Speaker 1>Of falling around the Earth.

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<v Speaker 2>Do you want We've not encountered any any space junk

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<v Speaker 2>issue that it's although there's been a lot of launchers

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<v Speaker 2>up there and been issues like the where the Chinese

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<v Speaker 2>blood for satellite and scattered bits all over the place.

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<v Speaker 1>It's so big up there that the statistical chance of

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<v Speaker 1>being hit is tiny.

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<v Speaker 2>But but for things which are which carry people, like

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<v Speaker 2>the space station and our Dragon spacecraft.

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<v Speaker 1>Uh, they actually have my Cromeinia rights shields so they

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<v Speaker 1>can take a high impact which essentially a.

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<v Speaker 2>High speed bullet coming at its picture.

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<v Speaker 1>Ah, the bigger picture. Very good question.

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<v Speaker 2>So the reason I started SpaceX was because the cost

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<v Speaker 2>and reliability of getting to getting to orbits and beyond.

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<v Speaker 1>Has not really improved since the sixties. In fact, it's

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<v Speaker 1>Scottland worse so.

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<v Speaker 2>And if you look at the trajectory over time, it's

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<v Speaker 2>not an improving trajectory if you would extrapolate that the

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<v Speaker 2>cast trajectory, and Steve could tell could affirm that if

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<v Speaker 2>if you would extrapolate to the future, you would basically

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<v Speaker 2>be able to afford no launchers at some point.

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<v Speaker 1>Because it's just it's actually was getting more and more expensive.

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<v Speaker 2>So I started SpaceX to really reverse that trend and

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<v Speaker 2>make it affordable to get to orbit and beyond. The

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<v Speaker 2>huge breakthrough that space aspires to achieve, and this is

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<v Speaker 2>a very difficult thing, is to make a fully reusable.

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<v Speaker 1>Orbital launch vehicle. So with Falcon one, the first stage

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<v Speaker 1>is intended to be re usable. With Falcon nine, both

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<v Speaker 1>stages are intended to be reusable.

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<v Speaker 2>Now it's going to take us many launches to figure

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<v Speaker 2>that out and get the stages back safely and optimize

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<v Speaker 2>the refurbishment for flight and make sure they're reliable and what.

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<v Speaker 2>But that's that's the that's sort of the big tech

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<v Speaker 2>technical breakthrough wereing for and you can imagine in any

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<v Speaker 2>mode of transport, if you had a reusable vehicle or

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<v Speaker 2>expendable vehicle, it would be a night and day difference.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, how many people would have driven here if

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<v Speaker 2>the car was single use or or even And that

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<v Speaker 2>applies to any mode of transport, bicycles, horses, planes, you know,

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<v Speaker 2>really pretty much anything.

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<v Speaker 1>So we've got this weird.

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<v Speaker 2>Situation in space where vehicles can only be used once.

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<v Speaker 2>In fact, you want to return journey, you've got like

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<v Speaker 2>tow one behind you. So that's what we're aspiring to it.

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<v Speaker 2>It's a tough goal. We're not saying we can achieve it,

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<v Speaker 2>but we're aspiring to achieve.

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<v Speaker 1>That, and I think we will. But to explain why

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<v Speaker 1>that's so difficult.

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<v Speaker 2>When an orbital rocket is after they've really optimized the

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<v Speaker 2>weight of the rocket and use the most advanced materials

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<v Speaker 2>and the engines are incredibly efficient, and you've pushed everything

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<v Speaker 2>to the maximum, you typically get about three percent of

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<v Speaker 2>the lift off weight to orbit. So if you make

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<v Speaker 2>even a small mistake in the design, you know, if

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<v Speaker 2>you get three percent off your you know you got nothing.

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<v Speaker 2>So and that's for expandable single use rockets, where they're

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<v Speaker 2>not trying to make the rocket robust enough to have

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<v Speaker 2>multiple flight. They're not trying to make it robust enough

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<v Speaker 2>to re enter safely. It doesn't have to have heat

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<v Speaker 2>shields and all that lot of stuff. So when you

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<v Speaker 2>add in all those things, if that exceeds three percent,

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<v Speaker 2>well you're getting nothing toward it.

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<v Speaker 1>So uh So to make it.

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<v Speaker 2>Reusable and still deliver it a useful payload is extraordinarily difficult,

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<v Speaker 2>and and no one has ever succeeded in doing that, right,

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<v Speaker 2>So I'm getting I'll get So the why Essentially.

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<v Speaker 1>I should? I should? I Actually, you're right, I should

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<v Speaker 1>perceive this with the Y and then and then the how.

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<v Speaker 2>No.

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<v Speaker 1>So, yeah, technics, for granted, being in a space business.

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<v Speaker 1>But so I'm a huge believer in the extension of

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<v Speaker 1>life beyond Earth.

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<v Speaker 2>So making life multiplanetary, I think, is one of the

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<v Speaker 2>most important things we could do.

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<v Speaker 1>So then why why is that important? Well?

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<v Speaker 2>How do you how do you say that anything is important?

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<v Speaker 2>How do you judge importance? Well, if you look at

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<v Speaker 2>things on an historical time scale, and the further you

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<v Speaker 2>zoom out more, the important stuff stays behind, and the

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<v Speaker 2>unimportant stuff you can't see it anymore.

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<v Speaker 1>And if you look at the the span of life's

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<v Speaker 1>evolution on Earth, you know, the multi billion.

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<v Speaker 2>Year history of Earth itself, of life on Earth itself,

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<v Speaker 2>you can really point to about half a dozen major

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<v Speaker 2>steps on the evolution of life. There's obviously single cell life,

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<v Speaker 2>multicellular life, differentiation to plants and animals, life moving from

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<v Speaker 2>the oceans to land, mammals, consciousness.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, those are sort of like the big ones,

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<v Speaker 1>and that's why we're here talking.

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<v Speaker 2>And on that scale also would fit I think the

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<v Speaker 2>extension of life to multiple planets. So life becoming multiplanetary,

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<v Speaker 2>it would be at least is important, if not more

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<v Speaker 2>important than life going from the oceans to lands, oceans

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<v Speaker 2>to land.

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<v Speaker 1>You could jump back to the ocean if forgot uncomfortable.

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<v Speaker 2>But going to another planet you've got to go over,

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<v Speaker 2>you know, billions of miles of hostile space and then

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<v Speaker 2>land and try to create an ecology on a planet

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<v Speaker 2>that is nothing like the planet that we live on today,

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<v Speaker 2>or if my current planet may become more like that

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<v Speaker 2>planet if not careful, But you know that's so if

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<v Speaker 2>you have something which arguably I could fit on the

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<v Speaker 2>important scale of the evolution of life, itself, then it's reason.

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<v Speaker 2>We'll say it's important and should get some of our resources.

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<v Speaker 2>And I think, say, well, what is some of our resources? Well, probably,

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<v Speaker 2>like you know, less than what we spend on medicare

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<v Speaker 2>and more than what we spend on lifstick. You know,

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<v Speaker 2>you can sort of bracket it. So we spent a

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<v Speaker 2>lot of lipstick quo, which I.

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<v Speaker 1>Think is great.

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<v Speaker 2>But if you said, well, maybe we should spend a

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<v Speaker 2>quarter of a percent of our of our economic product

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<v Speaker 2>on the extension of life to another planet, making my

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<v Speaker 2>fault planetary, and that would be like a reasonable number,

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<v Speaker 2>and you know that's uh, you know, several tanza billions.

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<v Speaker 2>So I don't think it could be done for that.

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<v Speaker 2>And but a critical element is making having that reusable

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<v Speaker 2>orbital craft. So that's the that's the fundamental breakthrough is necessary.

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<v Speaker 2>First bill to afford to do it at a price

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<v Speaker 2>that is going to be palatable to the general public.

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<v Speaker 1>Planetary and think about the kind of fuels used. Probably

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<v Speaker 1>it looks so ideas about well my wild's idea about feels.

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<v Speaker 2>I think long term, you know, once we well, if

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<v Speaker 2>we I suppose figure out fusion, you're having a fusion.

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<v Speaker 1>If you can have a compact fusion reactor and that

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<v Speaker 1>that would be the best energy source.

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<v Speaker 2>And then you need to sort of shoot something out

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<v Speaker 2>of the back end, uh, you know, which could just

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<v Speaker 2>basically a high energy ion engine powered by a fusion reactor.

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<v Speaker 2>That's like, that's pretty much about as good as're gonna get.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, theoretically from a physics standpoint, sorry a gravity saying,

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<v Speaker 2>maybe a solar sale. Yeah, solar sale is an option.

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<v Speaker 2>But now the sun doesn't have a lot of force

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<v Speaker 2>because if you stand outside, you don't feel yourself getting

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<v Speaker 2>knocked down by the Sun.

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<v Speaker 1>But but so you need a big sale in space

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<v Speaker 1>and it can and it can work, and it's an option.

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<v Speaker 2>And particularly, you know, if you had, like to say,

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<v Speaker 2>a cargo ship going from Earth to Mars, where the

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<v Speaker 2>time of the journey wasn't that big of a deal,

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<v Speaker 2>then that could be actually a good option.