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<v Speaker 1>This is Gary and Shannon and you're listening to KFI

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<v Speaker 1>AM six forty, the Gary and Shannon Show on demand

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<v Speaker 1>on the iHeartRadio app.

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<v Speaker 2>What else is going on? Time for What's happening?

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<v Speaker 3>Wow?

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<v Speaker 1>Well, it appears confirmation that it was broken power lines

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<v Speaker 1>that caused the Maui wildfire. A report found that broken

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<v Speaker 1>power lines caused that fire from last year last.

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<v Speaker 2>August, I should say in August ago.

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<v Speaker 1>The wildfire killed one hundred and two people, destroyed more

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<v Speaker 1>than twenty two hundred structures about five billion dollars in damages.

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<v Speaker 1>This three hundred page report was released yesterday. Comes from

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<v Speaker 1>Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, which was working

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<v Speaker 1>with local officials like the County of Maui Department of

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<v Speaker 1>Fire and Public Safety to figure out the cause. It

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<v Speaker 1>was originally blamed on the combination of high winds in

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<v Speaker 1>dry weather, but the investigation found that the widespread destruction

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<v Speaker 1>was caused by a single fire that started by the

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<v Speaker 1>undetected re energies. Try it again, the undetected re energization

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<v Speaker 1>energization of broken utility lines that caused sparks that ignited

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<v Speaker 1>unmaintained vegetation investigation said that there was no definitive conclusion

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<v Speaker 1>about how the ignition started, but said that the fire

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<v Speaker 1>cause was accidental. According to the report, they even know

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<v Speaker 1>exactly where it was. The origin of the fire was

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<v Speaker 1>the overgrown vegetation at and surrounding utility pole number twenty

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<v Speaker 1>five off of lah Nah Lahaih Naluna Road. The cause

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<v Speaker 1>of the fire was the re energization of that line

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<v Speaker 1>caused sparks to fall at the base of pole twenty

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<v Speaker 1>five that ignited the unmaintained vegetation below, And in fact

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<v Speaker 1>they said it was one fire, not two as they

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<v Speaker 1>originally thought. Dozens more people have been killed in some

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<v Speaker 1>new Israeli airstrikes in Lebanon and Gaza, as some other

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<v Speaker 1>nations have ramped up their plans to get people out

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<v Speaker 1>of Lebanon. At least seven health and rescue workers were

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<v Speaker 1>apparently killed in an Israeli airstrike on an apartment building

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<v Speaker 1>in Beirut overnight, the second air strike to hit Central

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<v Speaker 1>Bay Route this week and the second to hit the

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<v Speaker 1>Health Society in twenty four hours. The AP said there

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<v Speaker 1>was no Israeli warning issued to that area before the strike,

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<v Speaker 1>which is strange because Israel is very well known for

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<v Speaker 1>warning areas before they do hit residents reported as sulfur

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<v Speaker 1>like smell, and they now accuse Israel using phosphorus bombs

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<v Speaker 1>in the strike, which are prohibited by international law for

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<v Speaker 1>use near civilian populations. The Israeli military has said that,

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<v Speaker 1>of course, in response to Iran's missile attacks from Tuesday,

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<v Speaker 1>that they will determine the manner and timing of their response.

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<v Speaker 1>There was a report earlier today that suggested that some

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<v Speaker 1>Israeli officials had been quietly saying to Americans, we've proved

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<v Speaker 1>our point. We don't need to retaliate for those missile attacks.

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<v Speaker 1>Former First Lady Malania Trump is going to put out

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<v Speaker 1>a new memoir. It's coming out in a couple of weeks,

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<v Speaker 1>as a matter of fact, and she has been making

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<v Speaker 1>the rounds to pitch the movie, to pitch the book,

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<v Speaker 1>and one of the things that's coming out is that

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<v Speaker 1>she is criticizing restrictions on abortion. Her new memoir, she writes,

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<v Speaker 1>why should anyone other than the woman herself have the

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<v Speaker 1>power to determine what she does with her own body.

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<v Speaker 1>A woman's fundamental right of individual liberty to her own

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<v Speaker 1>life grants her the authority to terminate her pregnancy if

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<v Speaker 1>she wishes again that would be in the book. The

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<v Speaker 1>position is at odds with much of the Republican Party.

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<v Speaker 1>She argues that the decision to terminate a pregnancy would

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<v Speaker 1>be a decision left between a woman and her doctor

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<v Speaker 1>and said that that is a common sense approach. She

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<v Speaker 1>also talked in an interview that I I saw about

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<v Speaker 1>the divisiveness that she sees in American culture so far

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<v Speaker 1>in the last couple of years.

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<v Speaker 2>I should say, I think we.

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<v Speaker 4>Need to listen to each other. We need to respect

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<v Speaker 4>our freedom of the speech, because I think that we

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<v Speaker 4>could have innovation and success in this country. We are

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<v Speaker 4>canceling people that they don't agree on certain issues.

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<v Speaker 1>You may be eligible for a gas settlement payment if

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<v Speaker 1>you purchased gas anytime in Southern California between February of

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<v Speaker 1>twenty fifteen and November of twenty fifteen. You might want

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<v Speaker 1>to submit a claim for a payment under the state

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<v Speaker 1>settlement with gas trading firms for tampering with and manipulating

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<v Speaker 1>gas prices in the state. And it includes La San Diego, Orange, Riverside,

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<v Speaker 1>San Bernardino, kerne Ventura, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo and

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<v Speaker 1>or in Aerial County during that time, you can go

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<v Speaker 1>to Calgas Litigation dot Com. State Assembly also proved a

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<v Speaker 1>bill just this week, backed by Governor Newsom, aimed at

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<v Speaker 1>preventing gas prices from spiking, particularly in late summer months

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<v Speaker 1>when the demand for that gas goes up. Southern California

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<v Speaker 1>customers of Ticketmaster have reported fraudulent transfers of concert tickets

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<v Speaker 1>to unknown accounts. A woman in San Diego, for example,

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<v Speaker 1>says the tickets that she bought through Ticketmaster for an

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<v Speaker 1>upcoming concert were fraudulently transferred to someone that she doesn't

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<v Speaker 1>even know. It's happened before, to a lot of different places.

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<v Speaker 1>She said, it's not about the money, it's just about

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<v Speaker 1>missing out on something that we were really excited for.

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<v Speaker 1>She was going to go see the band Corn, didn't

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<v Speaker 1>realize they were still together.

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<v Speaker 2>She said.

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<v Speaker 1>She found out the alleged fraud when she received an

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<v Speaker 1>email that her tickets had been transferred to another account,

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<v Speaker 1>which is crazy because she said that she already booked flights, hotels,

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<v Speaker 1>rental cars, all that stuff, along with of course the tickets.

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<v Speaker 1>Ticketmaster was the victim of a data breach several months ago,

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<v Speaker 1>and they said that information from several hundred customers had

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<v Speaker 1>been linked and it may looks like may have been hers. Okay, Richie,

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<v Speaker 1>you're gonna have to help me out with this one.

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<v Speaker 1>If you're a fan of mean Girls, you know the

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<v Speaker 1>date October third is more fetch than all the three

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<v Speaker 1>hundred and sixty four other days of the year because

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<v Speaker 1>it's October third, it is, which means what it means

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<v Speaker 1>that it's National Mean Girls Day. So this is a

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<v Speaker 1>scene where Lindsay asked Jonathan Bennett what day was and

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<v Speaker 1>he turned around over the shoulder and said it's October third.

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<v Speaker 2>And then she says, on October third, he asked me

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<v Speaker 2>what day it was?

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<v Speaker 5>Exactly happened National Day, October third, Richie, you are a

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<v Speaker 5>font of cultural knowledge and I appreciate that anytime.

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<v Speaker 2>The best part is he explained the same story to

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<v Speaker 2>Steve and Michelle Good that I'm not the only one.

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<v Speaker 5>Yeah, check out the video I have on my instigra

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<v Speaker 5>story It's October third, Okay, and then it'll and they'll

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<v Speaker 5>again exactly.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, great, all right, this immunity filing came out today,

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<v Speaker 1>came out yesterday. I should say, one hundred and sixty

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<v Speaker 1>five pages from special counsel Jack Smith outlining some of

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<v Speaker 1>the details of former President Trump's desperate efforts to overturn

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<v Speaker 1>the twenty twenty election loss and joining us to talk

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<v Speaker 1>more about this is ABC's legal analyst, Royal Oaks and

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<v Speaker 1>Royal Let's begin with the basic description of this one

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<v Speaker 1>hundred and sixty five page document. This was a requirement

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<v Speaker 1>that Jack Smith spell out some of the allegations against

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<v Speaker 1>him as a direct result of what we saw the

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<v Speaker 1>Supreme Court rule when it came to presidential immunity.

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<v Speaker 3>Exactly right. This is part of the January sixth election

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<v Speaker 3>interference case. Carse she need a scorecard to keep track

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<v Speaker 3>of all the cases. But it's one of the four

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<v Speaker 3>criminal cases against Trump, this one pending in Washington, DC. So,

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<v Speaker 3>in response to the case months and months ago, Donald

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<v Speaker 3>Trump foiled in motion to dismiss saying, hey, if president

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<v Speaker 3>is immune from prosecution, so get out of my face.

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<v Speaker 3>The trial court judge said, nice, try Donald, but there's

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<v Speaker 3>no immunity. The Court of Appeals said, nice, try, Donald,

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<v Speaker 3>no immunity. But then the US Supreme Court, as you know,

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<v Speaker 3>took up the case and in July, Supreme Court said, actually,

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<v Speaker 3>there is some immunity if a president is performing his

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<v Speaker 3>official constitutional duties. So the High Court sent it back

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<v Speaker 3>to the trial court for the judge there to sort

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<v Speaker 3>out which allegations against Trump were official duties and which

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<v Speaker 3>were just personal things. So to create two buckets and

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<v Speaker 3>you put all the thirty allegations against Trump, you know,

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<v Speaker 3>ten of them personal, twenty official whatever. That is the

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<v Speaker 3>background of yesterday's filing by Special Counsel Smith. His argument

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<v Speaker 3>was Donald Trump wasn't doing anything official, he was just

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<v Speaker 3>trying to overturn the election. And so yeah, now we're

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<v Speaker 3>going to hear Donald trump side of the story.

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<v Speaker 2>Why was this made public? Was that the judge's discretion.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, something like this, where you have sensitive material that

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<v Speaker 3>involves an investigations by the Department of Justice, it normally

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<v Speaker 3>is sealed, and it was. But then the defense or

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<v Speaker 3>the prosecution said, hey, your you know, acquiring minds, you

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<v Speaker 3>want to know, why don't we just reveal this. This

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<v Speaker 3>isn't too sensitive, and the judge recently said, yeah, let's

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<v Speaker 3>reveal it. And of course that led to some criticism because,

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<v Speaker 3>as you know, there's this sort of informal it's an

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<v Speaker 3>unwritten rule, but it's a sixty day rule. This is

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<v Speaker 3>the Department of Justice shall not do anything that might

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<v Speaker 3>interfere with an election. So you know, you're not supposed

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<v Speaker 3>to indict people within a couple of months of an election.

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<v Speaker 3>You're not supposed to take big investigative steps. So you

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<v Speaker 3>could argue this violates the rule, but it's a little squishy.

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<v Speaker 3>First of all, it's just an unwritten rule, and also

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<v Speaker 3>it doesn't really necessarily apply to stuff that goes on

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<v Speaker 3>after an indictment. Of course, here Trump was indicted long ago.

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<v Speaker 3>So yeah, there's contra he as to whether the unsealing

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<v Speaker 3>of this thirty four days over the election was brazenly political,

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<v Speaker 3>but you know, both sides will have their take on that.

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<v Speaker 1>We're talking with ABC's legal analyst Royal Oaks about this

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<v Speaker 1>new filing in the January sixth case against former President Trump.

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<v Speaker 1>Was there anything in here that you saw that surprised

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<v Speaker 1>you or was different than what we've already known about

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<v Speaker 1>this case.

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<v Speaker 3>Well, it sounds more inflammatory than what we knew before.

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<v Speaker 3>For example, it was a helicopter flight with Trump and

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<v Speaker 3>his family after the election, and an Oval Office aid

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<v Speaker 3>overheard Trump saying to his family, it doesn't matter if

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<v Speaker 3>you want or lost the election, You'll still have to

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<v Speaker 3>fight like hell. So Jacksmith points that out to show that,

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<v Speaker 3>you know, this isn't his official duties. He's just trying

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<v Speaker 3>to desperately claim to power. Plus, there was an aid

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<v Speaker 3>that told Donald Trump, hey, Vice President Mike Pence is

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<v Speaker 3>in peril with the rioting on Capitol Hill is escalated,

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<v Speaker 3>He's in danger. Allegedly, Donald Trump looked at him and said,

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<v Speaker 3>so what. So then there was a Trump's Twitter account

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<v Speaker 3>who was open and active the entire afternoon on January sixth.

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<v Speaker 3>People are storming in the Capitol and Trump allegedly did

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<v Speaker 3>nothing to try to stop them. So these are some

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<v Speaker 3>of the things that were in Smith's filing well. For example,

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<v Speaker 3>also Trump was mocking his own lawyers claims about election traud,

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<v Speaker 3>calling them crazy. So again, a lot of this sounds familiar,

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<v Speaker 3>sounds like what we heard before. But Smith is really

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<v Speaker 3>doing this in order to convince this judge to put

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<v Speaker 3>all this stuff in the personal bucket, not the official bucket.

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<v Speaker 3>And of course, as you know, Gary, it was controversial

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<v Speaker 3>for Chief Justice Roberts. He really kind of rammed this

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<v Speaker 3>through the court. He wrote the opinion. He was concerned

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<v Speaker 3>about the weaponization of the legal system, having biased prosecutors

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<v Speaker 3>and judges go after politicians, and a lot of people

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<v Speaker 3>are concerned about that. But in response, he carved out

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<v Speaker 3>this new immunity that we'd never seen before. So he

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<v Speaker 3>created a rule that a lot of people criticize. For example,

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<v Speaker 3>an official act in the constitution, you're totally immune if

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<v Speaker 3>you do an official act. Well, official act is pardoning

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<v Speaker 3>somebody or appointing an ambassador. What if you appoint an

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<v Speaker 3>ambassador or pardon somebody based on a bribe, Well, according

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<v Speaker 3>to Robert's opinion, you can't be prosecuted. Well, the answer is, well,

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<v Speaker 3>you could be impeached, or maybe we change the constitution

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<v Speaker 3>to say if you partner somebody based on a bribe,

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<v Speaker 3>then the partner is null and void. But it's a

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<v Speaker 3>messy situation when you try to carve out immunity for

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<v Speaker 3>something that most people would hear about and say that's

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<v Speaker 3>really bad. Maybe it should be a crime.

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<v Speaker 2>Does this thing ever go into a courtroom?

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<v Speaker 3>Well, in the time, and of course is so important,

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<v Speaker 3>and as you know, you followed this carefully. Four criminal

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<v Speaker 3>cases filed way back in the early twenty twenty three,

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<v Speaker 3>middle of twenty twenty only the Stormy Daniels one went

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<v Speaker 3>to trial. The others who'd just gotten bollocked up. The

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<v Speaker 3>judge in Florida dismissed it. So the bottom line is

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<v Speaker 3>that if Trump wins, of course the case, we'll keep

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<v Speaker 3>going until January twenty, at which point he will say

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<v Speaker 3>in his inaugural address, thanks for coming. By the way,

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<v Speaker 3>I'm dismissing those cases against me, and I'm barding myself

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<v Speaker 3>and all my friends. Now let's get into the you know,

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<v Speaker 3>ask not for what you can do through your country

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<v Speaker 3>and so on. If he loses, it's going to be

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<v Speaker 3>full steam ahead. You can bet that President Kamala Harris

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<v Speaker 3>is going to give her blessing to Jack Smith to

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<v Speaker 3>keep going full steam ahead, to try to pursue Donald

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<v Speaker 3>Trumbunnelly in the Washington DC case, but try to get

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<v Speaker 3>the appellate court to reinstate the Mano Lago case down

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<v Speaker 3>in Florida, which is, you know, the judge dumped because

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<v Speaker 3>she said Jack Smith was illegally appointed.

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<v Speaker 1>Right, all right, Well, I can't wait to go through

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<v Speaker 1>the other one hundred and five pages that I haven't

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<v Speaker 1>yet finished, So Royal, thank you appreciate it.

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<v Speaker 2>You bet, thanks Royal Oaks.

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<v Speaker 1>There, ABC News legal analysts, we come back Strange science. Oh,

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<v Speaker 1>and a couple more follow ups to the people who

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<v Speaker 1>have been tracking their own partners using their phones.

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<v Speaker 2>We were talking earlier. Oh, Jacob, this is half for

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<v Speaker 2>you and half for me. I think, hey, carry I

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<v Speaker 2>happen to love your bumper music. Thank you.

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<v Speaker 5>Maybe that's why the wife left.

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<v Speaker 2>You, because you have no taste in music. Have a

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<v Speaker 2>good day bye. I feel like there's some mixed signals

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<v Speaker 2>in there.

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<v Speaker 3>I don't know.

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<v Speaker 2>I think that's all you. You think that's just for me.

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<v Speaker 2>Remember you choose all the bumper music.

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<v Speaker 1>Ah, that is true. I do choose all the bumper

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<v Speaker 1>music every single day. And that's why my wife left me, apparently.

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<v Speaker 1>So we were discussing earlier about the dilemma maybe between

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<v Speaker 1>some couples about whether or not you want to track

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<v Speaker 1>each other's geographic location using your phone.

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<v Speaker 6>And you're talking about tracking your partners. We have been

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<v Speaker 6>together twenty four years and we finally decided to spend

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<v Speaker 6>some money on some iPhones. I asked my wife, whould

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<v Speaker 6>you like to track me? She started laughing at me

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<v Speaker 6>the day she said, the day I turned on her tracker,

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<v Speaker 6>she's going to divorce me.

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<v Speaker 7>My nephew put a checker on my sister's phone so

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<v Speaker 7>you would know when she was coming home, so he

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<v Speaker 7>and his girlfriend could stop doing whatever they are doing.

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<v Speaker 8>Love the show, Like, alright, Gary, I'm not tracking my wife.

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<v Speaker 8>I'm tracking my wife's phone in case it gets stolen again.

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<v Speaker 8>Have a great day, goodbye.

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<v Speaker 1>I tracked myself to make sure that I'm on work

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<v Speaker 1>on time and at home on time.

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<v Speaker 2>I can know where I'm at at all the time.

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<v Speaker 2>It's very good. It's Thursday, and it's time for strange science.

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<v Speaker 2>Strange it's like weird science, but strange.

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<v Speaker 1>So in the natural world, there is something called diapause.

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<v Speaker 1>I think I'm saying that correctly. It's a biological tenacity,

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<v Speaker 1>ingenuity that's necessary for survival. It's not exclusive to to

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<v Speaker 1>the story of all of our life, all of life,

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<v Speaker 1>I should say, on our planet. But some individual species,

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<v Speaker 1>even individual organisms, have some adaptations that would allow them

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<v Speaker 1>to continue their genetic lineage despite natural hardships that occur.

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<v Speaker 1>Diapause is one way that that's described, and scientists would

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<v Speaker 1>tell you an example of it the delaying of pregnancy.

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<v Speaker 1>For example, sometimes creatures can delay a pregnancy until the

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<v Speaker 1>conditions are the best they can be to carry something

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<v Speaker 1>to full term and actually birthen offspring. So a fertilized

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<v Speaker 1>embryo would actually temporarily hold off implanting in the wall

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<v Speaker 1>of an animal's uterus until the conditions are just right.

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<v Speaker 1>And again that's called diapause, basically slowing down biological processes

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<v Speaker 1>until the conditions are better or best. A lot of

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<v Speaker 1>mammals can do this, and according to a new that

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<v Speaker 1>was published in the journal Cell, humans might be able

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<v Speaker 1>to do that with a little bit of help. Also,

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<v Speaker 1>according to this press release that came out, they said

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<v Speaker 1>human stem cells and stem cell based blastocyst models called

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<v Speaker 1>blastoids might be the key to that pause button. They

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<v Speaker 1>said if researchers inhibited a series of chemical reactions known

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<v Speaker 1>as the m tore signaling pathway, the stem cells and

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<v Speaker 1>blastoids would then go into a state with that was

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<v Speaker 1>extremely similar to diapause, and it would even would even

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<v Speaker 1>only work within a certain phase of development, just like

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<v Speaker 1>that diapause does. On top of it all, everything is reversible.

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<v Speaker 1>So if they were able to block those chemical reactions,

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<v Speaker 1>in there, the stem cells and blastoids go into diapause,

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<v Speaker 1>but once that pathway is uninhibited, they take it away.

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<v Speaker 1>Everything goes back to no normal and development proceeds as

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<v Speaker 1>if nothing had ever happened. So, according to this test,

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<v Speaker 1>human pregnancies could even enter that diapause like state if

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<v Speaker 1>it's properly introduced induced. I should say the potential could

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<v Speaker 1>be a vestige of the evolutionary process that we no

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<v Speaker 1>longer make use of. But they're talking about the potential

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<v Speaker 1>serious benefits. Could you imagine obviously reproductive health treatments IVF.

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<v Speaker 1>But on the other hand, could you could work on

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<v Speaker 1>different ways of healing specific parts of the body, overcoming

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<v Speaker 1>disease in different parts of the body simply by turning

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<v Speaker 1>off the ongoing mechanism. Just stop in the little pendulum

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<v Speaker 1>that goes on the Grandfather clock before you want to

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<v Speaker 1>start it again. Scientists have also, after a decade, been

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<v Speaker 1>unable to unveil a fly brain in stunning detail. Now previously,

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<v Speaker 1>a worm brain with just three hundred and eighty five

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<v Speaker 1>neurons was the only adult animal to have its brain

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<v Speaker 1>entirely reconstructed mapped out via computer. Three hundred and eighty

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<v Speaker 1>five neurons. A fruit fly brain has one hundred and

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<v Speaker 1>forty thousand neurons, and a human brain has about eighty

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<v Speaker 1>six billion, so we got a ways to go for

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<v Speaker 1>that one. But in this case, they say they have

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<v Speaker 1>mapped out the nervous system and brain of Drosophola mel gaster, which,

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<v Speaker 1>if you remember from science class, is the common fruit fly.

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<v Speaker 1>They started this more than ten years ago, and what

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<v Speaker 1>they did was they dunked the brain about the size

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<v Speaker 1>of a poppy seed by the way of an adult fly,

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<v Speaker 1>in a chemical bath, and it hardens it into a block.

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<v Speaker 1>And then they shave very very very thin layers of

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<v Speaker 1>that block and use a microscope to take pictures of it.

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<v Speaker 1>They shave another layer, they take a new picture, They

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<v Speaker 1>shave another layer, they take a new picture. They did

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<v Speaker 1>seven thousand sections of this brain, again about the size

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<v Speaker 1>of a poppy seed, seven thousand sections of it, came

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<v Speaker 1>up with twenty one million pictures, and then developed software

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<v Speaker 1>to interpret the images and recognize the cross sections of

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<v Speaker 1>neurons in each picture and then stack them into three

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<v Speaker 1>D shapes of cells. So they now have a three

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<v Speaker 1>D version specifically of that fly, of course, but of

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<v Speaker 1>one hundred and forty thousand neurons that are packed together

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<v Speaker 1>by more than four hundred and ninety feet of wiring,

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<v Speaker 1>all within that tiny little flies head out in space.

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<v Speaker 1>Pluto is the most famous dwarf planet, but there are

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<v Speaker 1>others in our Solar System. And now they're saying that

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<v Speaker 1>Series appears to be rich in water because it has

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<v Speaker 1>plenty of ice. For years, Series confounded experts because it

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<v Speaker 1>had this cratered surface, and they said these pits were

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<v Speaker 1>too deep and too rigid to exist on a water world.

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<v Speaker 1>They think they may not be a contradiction after all,

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<v Speaker 1>because if they account for are a key ingredient, mud,

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<v Speaker 1>lots and lots of mud. And again Series happens to

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<v Speaker 1>be out in the main asteroid belt, although they call

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<v Speaker 1>it a dwarf planet and not an asteroid. They said

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<v Speaker 1>the previous thinking was that dwarf planets were icy, the

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<v Speaker 1>craters would deform easily like glaciers that flow on Earth

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<v Speaker 1>like gooey honey. But they said, in fact that this

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<v Speaker 1>thing is loaded with ice, as much as ninety percent

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<v Speaker 1>of it. Then they tested different crust scenarios and found

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<v Speaker 1>out that the dirty ice could keep the crust from

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<v Speaker 1>flowing over billions of years, and that it would gradually

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<v Speaker 1>get muddier with less frozen at lower depths. So we're

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<v Speaker 1>in the middle of strange science and we're talking about

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<v Speaker 1>what's going on with the world of science. But first

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<v Speaker 1>I want to get into this. I mentioned the toilet

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<v Speaker 1>paper shortages that have been rumored in certain places and

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<v Speaker 1>why they don't make any sense. We produce toilet paper

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<v Speaker 1>in the United States, the vast majority of it, so

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<v Speaker 1>it doesn't have to be shipped in so it's not

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<v Speaker 1>affected by the port striker.

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<v Speaker 8>Hey, Gary, I'm a warehouse broker out in the Inland Empire.

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<v Speaker 8>As to this toilet paper thing, there's about six hundred

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<v Speaker 8>thousand square feet of toilet paper manufacturing facilities in the

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<v Speaker 8>Ontario area.

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<v Speaker 2>Just stop it, guys, Yeah, I agree, just stop it,

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<v Speaker 2>all right.

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<v Speaker 1>Some piracy gave Mount Everest a growth spurt recently. There's

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<v Speaker 1>a tributary of the Kosey River network, the Aurun River

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<v Speaker 1>flows right near Mount Everest. Thousands of years ago, they

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<v Speaker 1>said the theft of the urn led to geological changes

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<v Speaker 1>that boosted the height of Mount Everest. The thousands of

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<v Speaker 1>years ago, this river ate a smaller river and gave

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<v Speaker 1>an unexpected boost to the height of it. Right now,

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<v Speaker 1>we know eight eight hundred and forty eight point eighty

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<v Speaker 1>six meters, that's over twenty nine thousand feet above sea level.

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<v Speaker 1>Fifty million years ago, a couple of slabs of the

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<v Speaker 1>earth crusts come together in slow motion. That causes these

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<v Speaker 1>rocks to rise and we get a twenty nine thousand

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<v Speaker 1>foot high mountain. Everest is the highest of those mountains

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<v Speaker 1>by over eight hundred feet. The ancient collision is still

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<v Speaker 1>lifting the Himalayas, but they said GPS measurements showed that

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<v Speaker 1>Everest is growing at a rate of about two millimeters

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<v Speaker 1>per year rather than the expected one millimeter per year,

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<v Speaker 1>and that they blame about eighty nine thousand years ago

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<v Speaker 1>the Cozy River in the Himalayas, capturing part of a tributary,

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<v Speaker 1>the Aarun River. They call it river piracy and sets

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<v Speaker 1>in motion a chain of geological events that reshape the landscape.

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<v Speaker 1>With a downstream flow that was strengthened by that piracy,

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<v Speaker 1>the Cozy River system began eroding more rock from the

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<v Speaker 1>valleys below Everest, and as the rock crumbles away, other

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<v Speaker 1>parts are lifted up to compensate for the loss. Hence

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<v Speaker 1>the two millimeter per year growth. Couple of ancient digs

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<v Speaker 1>in Europe have unveiled some interesting things below the earth.

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<v Speaker 1>Archaeologists have onearthed more than fifty exceptionally well preserved skeletons

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<v Speaker 1>in a very large Viking area era I should say,

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<v Speaker 1>burial ground in the eastern part of the Netherlands. A

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<v Speaker 1>team from a museum spent the last six months excavating

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<v Speaker 1>this site. They said it's about twenty one thousand square

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<v Speaker 1>feet or so is thought to date back to the

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<v Speaker 1>ninth and tenth centuries. The skeletons were buried along artifacts

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<v Speaker 1>from far beyond the borders of Denmark, suggesting that the

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<v Speaker 1>Vikings traveled extensively for trade. According to the team at

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<v Speaker 1>the museum, and they also said interestingly, the bones are

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<v Speaker 1>in a very good state of preservation. They said, often

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<v Speaker 1>when they excavate bodies from the Viking Age, they're lucky

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<v Speaker 1>if there's just a few teeth. But it's the conditions

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00:24:57.720 --> 00:24:59.960
<v Speaker 1>at the site, a lot of chalk in the ground

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00:25:00.200 --> 00:25:03.079
<v Speaker 1>which helps preserve the bones, and a lot of natural

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00:25:03.279 --> 00:25:06.759
<v Speaker 1>water in the ground as well, which slows down the

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00:25:06.799 --> 00:25:10.279
<v Speaker 1>decomposition of the bones. Also in Europe, they said they

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<v Speaker 1>found a massive battle ground and an arrowhead that perforated

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<v Speaker 1>an ancient skull in the Tolenz Valley in northeast Germany.

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<v Speaker 1>An amateur archaeologist spotted a bone sticking out of the

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<v Speaker 1>riverbank back in nineteen ninety six, so that started a

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<v Speaker 1>series of sight excavations that has since shown the thousands

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<v Speaker 1>of bones, hundreds of weapons preserved by that undisturbed environment

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<v Speaker 1>in that Tolenz Valley. The thing is there was a

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<v Speaker 1>there was a huge battle based on what they found,

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<v Speaker 1>a huge battle about three two hundred and fifty years ago.

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<v Speaker 1>They don't know who was there at the time, so

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<v Speaker 1>they don't know why this fight occurred or who it

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<v Speaker 1>was that was fighting in it. And they compared arrowheads,

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<v Speaker 1>for example, some of which are still embedded in the

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<v Speaker 1>remains of the fall, and like I said, in the skull,

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<v Speaker 1>and many of those weapons were locally produced, some that

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<v Speaker 1>bore different shapes came from a region that now includes

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<v Speaker 1>modern Bavaria and Moravia. But they said that there were

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<v Speaker 1>some other arrows. They said it may have been a

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<v Speaker 1>Southern army that clashed with those local tribes in that valley.

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<v Speaker 1>All based on the stones that made up the arrowheads,

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<v Speaker 1>and just the shape of the arrowheads, the way that

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00:26:29.759 --> 00:26:32.799
<v Speaker 1>they were produced. And then finally, this is a good

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<v Speaker 1>absolute science nerd story. The medallion that contained some of

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<v Speaker 1>the original mold that was involved in the discovery of

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<v Speaker 1>penicillin is expected to go up for auction and get

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<v Speaker 1>somewhere over fifty thousand dollars. Again, it's just the little

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<v Speaker 1>medallion probably fit in the palmier hand. Was created and

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<v Speaker 1>inscribed by Scottish bacteriologists Alexander Fleming in the course of

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<v Speaker 1>one of the most pivotal discoveries in medical history. He

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00:27:03.640 --> 00:27:07.240
<v Speaker 1>stumbled across penicillin, the world's first antibiotic, because he left

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<v Speaker 1>a stack of staff cultures next to an open window

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<v Speaker 1>while he was on vacation back in nineteen twenty eight,

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<v Speaker 1>and when he got back from vacation, the cultures were

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<v Speaker 1>contaminated by an airborne mold there, and before disposing of

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<v Speaker 1>the cultures, he saw that the mold had actually prevented

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00:27:25.359 --> 00:27:30.039
<v Speaker 1>normal growth by the staff. He created a medallion as

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<v Speaker 1>a gift for his niece. He inscribed it with the

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00:27:32.519 --> 00:27:37.240
<v Speaker 1>message the mold that made penicillin and then signed it.

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<v Speaker 1>Alexander Fleming expected to get somewhere around fifty thousand dollars

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<v Speaker 1>in an online auction when it goes up later this month.

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<v Speaker 1>You've been listening to The Gary and Shannon Show. You

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<v Speaker 1>can always hear us live on KFIAM six forty nine

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<v Speaker 1>am to one pm every Monday through Friday, and any

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<v Speaker 1>time on demand on the iHeartRadio app
