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Speaker 1: The genius of the crowd. There is enough treachery, hatred, violence,

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absurdity in the average human being to supply any given

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army on any given day. And the best at murder

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are those who preach against it, and the best at

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hate are those who preach love, and the best at war,

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finally are those who preach peace. Beware the average man,

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the average woman.

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Speaker 2: Beware their love.

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Speaker 1: Their love is average, seeks average. But there's genius in

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their hatred. There's enough genius in their hatred to kill you. You

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to kill anybody. Not wanting solitude, Not understanding solitude, they

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will attempt to destroy anything that differs from their own.

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Not being able to create art, they will not understand art.

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They will consider their failure as creators only as a

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failure of the world. Not being able to love fully,

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they will believe your love incomplete, and then they will

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hate you, and their hatred will be perfect, like a

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shining diamond, like a knife, like a mountain, like a tiger,

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like hemlock their finest art.

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Speaker 2: Hello everybody, and welcome to the crime pace. What Body

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Doesn't Podcast got back from Costa Rica two days ago

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from uh from doing the little Tour from hosting the tour.

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It's fun. It's like it's like a fucking it's like

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field expeditions mixed with in the field teaching and learning

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and then just seeing cool shit and uh, you know,

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a couple dildo jokes here and there, you know a

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little bit of turetts uh, you know that kind of thing.

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It was. It was great. It was everyone that came

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was was fucking wonderful. You know, there was everybody. They

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all walks of life. People showed up and then we

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just went. We were at high elevations the whole time,

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didn't go into the lowlands at all. We were basically

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above we were above nine thousand, We were above eighty

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five hundred feet for almost the entire trip. So high up,

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so high, high elevation cloud for us. And I loved it.

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I had a great time. Man. I was sad to

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see everybody go, you know, we had there were all

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different kinds of people, young people, old people. It was

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a it was a wonderful time. And we stayed at

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two different spots, but again all and it was oak

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forest and Paramo and those oak forests. Holy hell, it was.

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It was so it was so nice, you know, that's

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why you go out. You go out to those places

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to try and bottle that stuff up so you could

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take it back with you when you have to return

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to the real world. Like yesterday, I was sitting in

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the low income clinic trying to get tested for COVID

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and flu because I caught something on the way back.

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I had like a cough and just felt fucking out

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of it. Now you know, my internet diagnosis has I've

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arrived at coccidio mycoasis, which is a fungal infection of

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the lungs. My dog had it at one point, Louis

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had it. I had to get her prescription antifungals. I

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had a GP at the time who was on the

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level I had insurance back then, and I don't have insurance,

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so I go to these miserable clinics. It was horrible.

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It was a terrible experience, but a perfect welcome home

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to South Texas. You know, I was sitting in the

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clinic just realizing the futility of everything and how the

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broken American healthcare system, and also kind of kicking myself

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for not just going to the er and giving them

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a fake name, which is not only ethical but feels

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really good. To do. You know, it's it's like it's

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those little things you can do, you know, chalk up

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fifteen thousand dollars on a private hospitals, you know who's

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certainly run by sleeves, bags on their bill, and then

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you know, walk out with you know, it turns out

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you were just being you had psychosomatic issues, you're little

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paranoid whatever, you're a hypochondriact. But at least you got

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to ring out fifteen k worth of charges and you know,

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not incentivize a broken system, which is of course what

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we have in the United States for anybody who's not

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familiar how broken it is here anyway. But after the

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after we left, after the tour was done, we went

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to our fringe, Shankar's Reserve in uh which was a

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little bit east, like these oak and magnolia forests, and

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they were just I mean, it's fucking intoxicating. It's they

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were so I mean I left. There was a different

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species of oak and it was a little bit lower.

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It was like seventy two hundred feet here. And I left,

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you know, I was in the Houston Airport eating some

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figurative shit on Sunday. The Houston Airport me have a

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special relationship. It's like it's given me a new version

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of hell to imagine, you know when I get there,

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Like there's all these different versions of hell. I've gone

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over this before. You think of what your own personal

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hell would be, and you have fun with it too.

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You know, what would be the shittiest, what would be

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one of the shittiest situations I could find myself? And

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like not just physically torturing, like you've got the hot

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poker in the ass and everything as well, but but

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spiritually and emotionally torturing too, you know, like just driving

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down an endless I thirty five quarter where everything is hideous,

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everyone is a money grubbing sleeves bag, everybody is a

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member of the death cult that's been fully indoctrinated into

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worshiping money and shining shiny things, zero substance, and it's

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just an endless for eternity, just an endless scenery of

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car dealerships and strip malls and billboards for personal injury attorneys.

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That's a version of hell. And then of course, like

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you gotta think music too, like the types of terrible

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music you'll be listening to. What would the soundtrack to

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this hell look like gets very excited, very creative. You

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can run wild, like, yeah, what would be the worst music?

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Like pop country? That song about the guy who you know,

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he says money can't buy you everything, but it can

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buy him a boat, you know, has a personality of

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a fart that takes jim selfies probably something like that.

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You know, I really go down a wormhole with this.

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But anyway, you know, when I'm in those places like

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the I thirty five Corridor or really any any major

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commercial and densely populated thoroughfare in the United States, that's

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when I need to pull out my bottle that contains

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memories from the oak force of the San Jose Province

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in the Talamanco range of Costa Rica. You know, I

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can think about Quirkus sapotafolia and Quirkus copayensis and Anthurium

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consonatum and the monsteras I saw growing epiphetically and these

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massive oaks with buttress trunks like buttress trunks, like hourglass

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shaped flanked trunks like a bald cypress, but they're they're

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oak trees. And you look one hundred and twenty feet

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up you can't even see the leaves barely, and you

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could tell they're eden, they're very they're very chewed on

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by caterpillars and all these surely what are all these

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other cool organisms? Because these oaks are so immensely important.

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And they were dropping acorns too, you know. I had

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half a mind to smuggle some acorns back in the

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old prison wallet, you know, but I didn't. You know,

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it's always it's always easy going through customs. It's always

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some nice I go through. I declare my specimens, you know,

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because the customs people are just working class schmucks too,

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you know, So I get on with them, and then

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they just inspect my you know, dried pressed plants. If

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I take some herbarium specimens, which I guess you're not

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supposed to do, but I only took a few, and

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they're going to an erbarium. You know, it's for science.

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So I just didn't do the proper permitting. Maybe we'll

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do that next time, and I would gladly collect for

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the Coasta Ricaarbarium. I need to hit the I need

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to hit the Coastal Ricarbarium next time I go, because

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that's really the only way you can figure out some

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with some of these plants. And there's so much diversity,

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it's fucking insane. It's mind thembing Eric Casey alone. Uh

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just wild Vaccinium constanguinium is on my hot list now,

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you know. It's the shrubs, the small trees growing at

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ten thousand feet elevation. Edible berries can also look like

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Vaccinium floor abundum. The differences in the key are minuscule.

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That's part of the reason I really don't fuck with

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keys in most cases. Let's see what they are. Okay,

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So this is from Flora manuel de plant as, the

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costa rica volumin sinko that catalidneas eccludes the ac to

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Gunner Racey. That's where Eric Casey is, between the seas

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and the g's Cavin dishy is. There's so many Cavin

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dishy is. How many times did I say woody ligno tuber,

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which is of course the storage mechanism that so many

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of these epiphytic members of the blueberry rely on for

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the dry season. You just you'll be you know, you'll

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just see this like giant, you know, football sized wooden

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knob just dangling thirty feet up from an oak tree.

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It's rooted into the moss and the thing and the

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bar it's rooted into the moss on the bark, and

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it's just like, I guess what the fuckay? Uh, They're everywhere.

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I saw one that looked like the Baltimore fatburg. It

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was growing on a camaro Staphlus arbutoides that was on

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we did. We went to Vulcan POAs No, No, it

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was Vulcan Erasu. It was Irazoo Volcano and there was

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the mass the most massive woody ligno tube where I've

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ever seen. It was like the size of like a

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baby carriage, just just fucking massive. And I believe it

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was Macleania, which is another genus of eric Casey. I

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gotta find I gotta find someone who studies these fucking things.

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The neotropical eric Casey are insane and they're something I

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first learned about and uh, just from seeing them in

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the cloud forest areas of the UC Berkeley Botanical Garden

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or the San Francisco Botanical Garden. Do you want to

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study cloud forest stuff or you're curious what it looks like,

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go to those places. I've I heard. San Francisco Botanical

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Garden got liquidated and they started doing the East coast

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botanic garden shit, you know where they plant like all

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the tasteless shit like the petunias, and you know the

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Hallmark Gardens. You know, instead of it being a museum

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for science, it's more of just like something for rich

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weddings and you know, genteels and shit to get there,

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their uh lily white photos taken in front of you know,

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that kind of lame shit. They fill it up with

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lame shit that looks like the Home Depot garden section.

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Speaking of which Fort Worth Botanic Garden has Nandina domestica

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is a specimen plant. They're botanic garden. I couldn't believe it.

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Maybe they removed it. I don't know. I was there

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in twenty twenty one. When the fuck was I there

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twenty ninth? I can't even remember when it was, maybe

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twenty nineteen. It was a long ass time ago. But

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they had they had invasive species planted as specimen plants.

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It was fucking brutal. Oh my god, I dream. I

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dream of stealing a riding lawnmower and just go into

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botanic gardens like that and just just making salad out

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of all this shit they got planted. These old lady

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rich old lady, excuse me, rich old genteel gardens that

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are just you know, they mimy. They echo everything from archaic,

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you know, aristocratic European nineteenth century bullshit. It's fucking oh

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oh oh, it's so terrible. I would that's another version

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of hell right there. I ared you know, that's what

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it is. I'm stuck in a garden like that. I

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get stuck in, locked in after hours night at the museum.

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Instead of night at the museum, it's night at the

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fucking East Coast Hallmark style botanic garden, and that, you know,

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all the shit comes alive, these horticultural atrocities. Nandina domestica.

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There's these little goblins sticking hot pokers in my ass

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and flagulating me with Nandina Domestica, beating me with the

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fucking Siberian elms and the boxwoods and the crape myrtles,

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and fuck you just made me think of something horrible.

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I blame you, the listener, Okay, anyway, let's get back

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to Eric Kogano kaelks oh, that's a lovely or let's

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get the vaccinium. Let's look at how how how useless

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the key is. I just looked at this so Vaccinium consanguineum,

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which is up in the paramo. It's a blueberry vaccinium,

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just like cranberry, same genus, and it grows to these

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fucking things and get upwards a twenty or thirty feet tall,

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but they can also be five feet tall. There's lots

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of plasticity, and you'll see that with camaro staphlus too,

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the arbutist relative. It looks like a madrone. Are beautiful

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fucking trees, so gorgeous and a lot of cool Michael

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Riisel mushrooms of course, under these things like like sign

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a Monte Cola, which I did a short video on.

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I mostly did shorts. I didn't do many long videos.

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I just didn't have it in me. I don't give

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a fuck. I got videos left from Ecuador and Chile

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to edit, and I'm just not there. I'm so burnt out, man,

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you know, I'm in the Houston Airport of the mind.

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I was sitting in a fucking what is it, some

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cafe for four hours, which is sitting still sucks too,

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but I was sick, so it was easier. I was

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sitting in a cafe and I got like a Portobello

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burger and just rotted there. I had a six hour

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layover on this Sunday and it was just, you know,

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it was an experience. It's weird. The Costa Rica airport

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is all Americans. It's fucking crazy, man. It's you feel

236
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like you're going to Gringo Landia. It's very you know,

237
00:14:00,559 --> 00:14:02,960
I'm not sure how I feel about it. I'm glad

238
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that they're getting out. I'm glad the Americans are leaving

239
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their own country. But it's still it's doesn't It feels

240
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weird and everything's expensive as fuck. Costa Rica is expensive

241
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as fuck anyway. Okay, Vaccinium constanguinium, but it can look

242
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like vaccinium flora bundum. I mean they I'm sure I

243
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probably miss messed up the two identifications on. I don't

244
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really care, you know. All you gotta know is the

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big vaccinium is Vaccinium constanguinium flora bund Them supposedly tops

246
00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:33,480
out at a meter meter and a half. But let's

247
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let's look at the differences in the key. They're right

248
00:14:35,720 --> 00:14:37,360
next to each other in the key. Where the fuck

249
00:14:37,399 --> 00:14:39,639
did it go here? It is? Yeah, the vaccinium page

250
00:14:39,639 --> 00:14:42,759
two seventy nine at volume five A manual day plant

251
00:14:42,799 --> 00:14:47,799
that's day costa rica vallumen shinko the code and lay

252
00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:53,600
donais no donaas Donaus said, fucking you know, I missed

253
00:14:53,639 --> 00:14:56,440
up the My Spanish is sufficient, but I really fucked.

254
00:14:56,440 --> 00:15:01,399
They want okay uh vaccinium consanguinium. Plant that's henaald mente

255
00:15:01,600 --> 00:15:07,759
or bustos or or bullies, shrubs or trees, rakis dayla

256
00:15:07,919 --> 00:15:13,600
inflorescence one to four centimeters ped bedissilo's one to two millimeters.

257
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And then the difference is plant this henteral mente, herbo suffertessent,

258
00:15:19,960 --> 00:15:28,480
herbs or shrubs, rakis dayla inflorescence hasta okay one point

259
00:15:28,519 --> 00:15:32,799
five centimeters. Okay, So the difference is that the rakies,

260
00:15:32,919 --> 00:15:36,320
the the inflorescence rackis is on constantinium it's one of

261
00:15:36,320 --> 00:15:39,480
the four centimeters, and on flora abundant it's one point

262
00:15:39,519 --> 00:15:44,159
five centimeters. The fuck it? How helpful is that pedicels

263
00:15:44,360 --> 00:15:48,200
one to two millimeters on constanguinium, pedicels one point eight

264
00:15:48,519 --> 00:15:51,799
to five point five millimeters on flora abundant. So the pedicals,

265
00:15:52,120 --> 00:15:54,679
the stalks that hold the flowers are a little bit

266
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longer on on flora bundum. That's fucked. That doesn't help

267
00:16:01,360 --> 00:16:04,159
me at all. They're a little bit longer the pedicels

268
00:16:04,200 --> 00:16:08,240
and it's generally shrub. But again phenotypic plasticity if you

269
00:16:08,360 --> 00:16:10,799
hit you know, if you're looking at a consanguinium, a

270
00:16:10,840 --> 00:16:12,840
plant that can get a turn into a tall tree,

271
00:16:12,960 --> 00:16:14,919
but it happens to be growing dwarf because it's a

272
00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:19,240
new tree and poor boggy soil sphagnum soil and the parmo,

273
00:16:20,320 --> 00:16:23,159
then it can be misleading. I think the inflorescences are

274
00:16:23,200 --> 00:16:31,679
generally longer, much longer on Consanguinium, while the pedicels of

275
00:16:31,720 --> 00:16:33,600
the flowers are longer on the floora. But this is

276
00:16:33,600 --> 00:16:36,000
why it doesn't. You can't sum up a gestalt of

277
00:16:36,039 --> 00:16:40,200
a plant and a flora. Floras are helpful sometimes, you know,

278
00:16:40,279 --> 00:16:44,480
I don't it just and they're fun to have and read.

279
00:16:44,720 --> 00:16:46,840
This thing costs one hundred bucks by the way, too,

280
00:16:46,879 --> 00:16:49,360
there's that thing too, And it's not online because that

281
00:16:49,360 --> 00:16:51,480
would make too much sense if you put in PDF

282
00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:54,799
fourm put online that would be too easy. So you know,

283
00:16:55,679 --> 00:16:58,200
and then the asta ace section is fucking massive. It's

284
00:16:58,240 --> 00:17:00,799
another tome. This is like a fifteen pounds. There's a

285
00:17:00,840 --> 00:17:06,119
fifteen pound book ten pounds maybe I don't know, but anyway,

286
00:17:06,920 --> 00:17:11,039
but these these oak forests were just fucking incredible. H

287
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And then you're in the oak forest, and then of

288
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course above that you hit the parmo and there's still

289
00:17:17,319 --> 00:17:21,079
little bits of the tree line. There's still there's still

290
00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:25,599
trees around. There's Corcus coasta rickensis up there, just really

291
00:17:25,640 --> 00:17:28,519
cool kind of curve. You know, they look like ovate

292
00:17:28,640 --> 00:17:31,319
oak leaves, but the margins are revolute, so it looks

293
00:17:31,319 --> 00:17:35,000
like it's kind of a concave lens in the margins

294
00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:36,680
of the leaves kind of fold under a little bit

295
00:17:36,720 --> 00:17:38,160
and not fold under, but you know what I mean.

296
00:17:38,200 --> 00:17:41,359
They got they got a lip to them. And then

297
00:17:41,599 --> 00:17:46,279
you know, it was really curious too because chiscaa uh

298
00:17:46,680 --> 00:17:49,839
what was it? Subtessalata is the main it's a bamboo

299
00:17:49,880 --> 00:17:51,519
that just scays. If you didn't listen to the Chisca

300
00:17:51,640 --> 00:17:53,960
interview with doctor LYNK. Clark, you should because they're fucking awesome.

301
00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:57,680
The the neotropical bamboos are incredible. You know, they're not

302
00:17:57,880 --> 00:18:01,319
hollow like the Asian bamboos, which makes much better for caning.

303
00:18:01,799 --> 00:18:03,400
You know, if you ever need should you ever need

304
00:18:03,400 --> 00:18:06,319
the cane someone or if you're into being caned whatever,

305
00:18:06,359 --> 00:18:10,200
I'm not kink shaming here, but Ciskea subtests a lot

306
00:18:10,279 --> 00:18:15,359
is everywhere and it dominates in these open areas. It's

307
00:18:15,359 --> 00:18:17,079
a bamboo, but it only it tops out of like

308
00:18:17,119 --> 00:18:19,519
six feet tall, and it forms these little colonies. But

309
00:18:19,599 --> 00:18:22,480
then you know, and then you've got all this other

310
00:18:22,519 --> 00:18:27,240
interesting shit growing around it. Pullyadessa larioides. You got these

311
00:18:27,319 --> 00:18:30,000
like these little ponds that fill up that are maybe

312
00:18:30,039 --> 00:18:33,559
only a foot and a half deep, and they've got

313
00:18:34,160 --> 00:18:38,200
this sedge growing in them Heliocarius acicularis. It looks like

314
00:18:38,200 --> 00:18:41,240
an isoheedes almost it looks like like an upside down

315
00:18:41,319 --> 00:18:44,079
octopus if the tentacles were just straight and kind of spiny,

316
00:18:44,519 --> 00:18:47,240
and it can be fully submerged or sticking out of

317
00:18:47,279 --> 00:18:51,920
these ponds. And the ponds they're only yeah, again like

318
00:18:51,920 --> 00:18:55,319
a foot deep maybe if that you know, they were

319
00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:59,000
dry when I was there in April. But but it's

320
00:18:59,039 --> 00:19:02,839
just the most bizarre landscape. And I say, cloud forests

321
00:19:02,839 --> 00:19:06,279
and parma are probably some of my favorite plant habitat

322
00:19:06,359 --> 00:19:10,519
after deserts. They're just incredible, more than thorn scrub I

323
00:19:10,559 --> 00:19:12,839
love these places because it's pleasant to be there. You

324
00:19:12,880 --> 00:19:14,880
don't feel like you're gonna keel over from heat exhaustion

325
00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:21,160
and the parmo. But the diversity is just it's mind blowing. Man.

326
00:19:21,200 --> 00:19:24,559
And so the chiskea, this bamboo is everywhere, and you

327
00:19:24,640 --> 00:19:25,920
look at it and you kind of try to you're

328
00:19:25,920 --> 00:19:28,319
trying to figure out what keeps the trees from encroaching.

329
00:19:28,759 --> 00:19:31,720
We're up here at ten thou five hundred feet thirty

330
00:19:31,759 --> 00:19:35,519
three hundred meters and the trees. I mean, it's not

331
00:19:35,640 --> 00:19:40,200
altitude or excuse me, elevation alone that is keeping the

332
00:19:40,240 --> 00:19:42,839
trees away, because the trees can clearly grow. You could

333
00:19:42,839 --> 00:19:46,039
see them off one hundred yards to the distance, same

334
00:19:46,079 --> 00:19:49,880
elevation growing. There's a forest there, it's you know, got

335
00:19:49,880 --> 00:19:52,559
a fifty foot tall canopy. But here in this open area,

336
00:19:54,039 --> 00:19:57,319
the chiskeaya is dominant, and it's this acidic soil. I

337
00:19:57,319 --> 00:19:59,079
looked at one of the rocks. It felt kind of

338
00:19:59,079 --> 00:20:04,960
like gabbro, like an intrusive the intrusive igneous version of basalt,

339
00:20:05,039 --> 00:20:10,119
which is extrusive igneous, so iron rich black. That gabbro

340
00:20:10,359 --> 00:20:13,920
is a mafic rock, so it's got high iron content

341
00:20:13,920 --> 00:20:16,039
in it, so in high rainfall it probably weathers to

342
00:20:16,119 --> 00:20:19,480
red very iron rich, leeched nutrient poor rock. Maybe it

343
00:20:19,559 --> 00:20:21,480
had said, I assume it's something to do with geology.

344
00:20:21,519 --> 00:20:25,799
But you'll see these vast expanses of Chiskea punctuated by

345
00:20:25,920 --> 00:20:32,599
esclonium or tillioides, another tree or Hesperomilees obtusifolia, which is

346
00:20:33,599 --> 00:20:36,519
generally a much smaller tree, but only a few poking

347
00:20:36,640 --> 00:20:40,119
up out of the chiskeya. You know, Oreopanax or a

348
00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:42,440
chef fleira. I don't know the differences between the two

349
00:20:42,839 --> 00:20:45,279
because it's a real clusterfuck. You know, they rarely ac

350
00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:49,240
ginseng family is another thing. It's hard to find inform.

351
00:20:49,359 --> 00:20:53,240
The differences between these genera are not They're very subtle.

352
00:20:53,400 --> 00:20:58,039
It's hard to figure out. They're inflorescence differences in inflorescence architecture.

353
00:20:58,039 --> 00:20:59,960
I don't know. It's a fucking nightmare, and especially when

354
00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:03,960
the thing is like, you know this Oreopanicx can get again.

355
00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:06,559
On these dwarf soils, it could be eight to ten

356
00:21:06,599 --> 00:21:09,839
feet tall in the forest down below. On a richer

357
00:21:09,880 --> 00:21:14,000
soil it can be forty feet tall or oreo panics

358
00:21:14,079 --> 00:21:17,319
I guess, but they all got glabrous leaves, you know,

359
00:21:17,480 --> 00:21:23,000
And I guess they produce a berry. But but I

360
00:21:23,039 --> 00:21:25,880
assume it's geology that keeps the paramo the paramo. But

361
00:21:25,920 --> 00:21:31,400
whatever it is, it's this very low growing plant community

362
00:21:31,599 --> 00:21:34,720
filled with interesting shit, probably very acidic soil. The puya

363
00:21:34,759 --> 00:21:36,359
is probably one of the coolest things, you know, a

364
00:21:36,359 --> 00:21:39,519
pineapple relative. Oh, they were flowering two They had little

365
00:21:39,559 --> 00:21:43,200
blue tube flowers and the hummingbirds were hitting them just

366
00:21:43,279 --> 00:21:46,799
you know, these large green hummingbirds hitting these things large

367
00:21:46,799 --> 00:21:50,400
for a hummingbird, just fucking just incredible. Man. I didn't

368
00:21:50,440 --> 00:21:54,519
expect them to be blooming. And then there's Phagnum magillanicum,

369
00:21:55,319 --> 00:21:58,359
you know here and there bright red Sphagnum moss very

370
00:21:58,400 --> 00:22:01,759
wet too, like the soils, very wet. And we were

371
00:22:01,799 --> 00:22:04,920
there for the mushrooms mostly. And yeah, we saw like signum.

372
00:22:04,960 --> 00:22:07,000
We saw a lot of micael rhizel stuff with the

373
00:22:07,039 --> 00:22:11,200
kamaro Staphilus and the vaccinium and the corcus. The oaks

374
00:22:11,759 --> 00:22:14,599
were fucking wild down at lower elevations. A few days

375
00:22:14,640 --> 00:22:18,680
after the tour ended, we saw Amanita coast three keensis cool.

376
00:22:18,759 --> 00:22:21,839
Amanita looks like it's got all this, uh looks like

377
00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:24,759
it's got lint hanging off the margin, like the way

378
00:22:24,799 --> 00:22:28,720
that the the I guess it's the veil. Allen will

379
00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:30,279
probably correct me if I fucked this up. But the

380
00:22:30,519 --> 00:22:33,640
way that the veil, the remnant veil hangs off the

381
00:22:33,680 --> 00:22:37,640
cap the margin of the cap is just incredible. Makes

382
00:22:37,680 --> 00:22:39,519
it look like lint. You know, it is a micro

383
00:22:39,640 --> 00:22:41,559
hizl mushrooms. So these are all you know, fung guy

384
00:22:41,599 --> 00:22:44,559
that are symbiotic with these oaks. And there was a

385
00:22:44,559 --> 00:22:48,440
book that I actually ended up downloading called what was

386
00:22:48,480 --> 00:22:51,599
it called? It was by uh who is it? By

387
00:22:51,680 --> 00:22:56,000
Martin kappel Ka P. P. E. L. L. E. Called

388
00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:59,559
the Kalga and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Oak for us

389
00:23:00,240 --> 00:23:03,119
with a photograph of some of the habitat that we

390
00:23:03,160 --> 00:23:08,039
were in. But you know, these these there's so much

391
00:23:08,079 --> 00:23:11,400
it's such a mystery to me. Still. The cool thing

392
00:23:11,480 --> 00:23:13,680
was the Chiskeaia. You know, this is a boggy area

393
00:23:14,079 --> 00:23:15,799
with a lot of peat. You can feel it's like

394
00:23:15,839 --> 00:23:19,079
a squishy soil up in the parmo and the peat

395
00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:21,920
is created by the dead roots of the Chiskeaa. Of

396
00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:24,680
these massive colonies of Chiscaia. When they die, the roots

397
00:23:24,720 --> 00:23:28,079
turn into this peat and they don't really decompose, and

398
00:23:28,119 --> 00:23:31,759
that gets this spongy thing that you're walking on. There

399
00:23:31,839 --> 00:23:36,079
was erringium humanly up there too, a relative of rattlesnake

400
00:23:36,160 --> 00:23:39,400
master and carrots. The plant known in the Midwest colloquially

401
00:23:39,480 --> 00:23:44,160
is rattlesnake master. It was a small herb. It only

402
00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:49,079
got about six to eight inches tall, but there was

403
00:23:49,160 --> 00:23:52,440
there was so much, so much good stuff there. And

404
00:23:52,480 --> 00:23:54,720
then of course there's these salamanders I guess that have

405
00:23:54,839 --> 00:23:57,079
some sort of relationship with the puya. There was a

406
00:23:57,559 --> 00:24:00,079
paper done on them, and one of the places we

407
00:24:00,079 --> 00:24:02,200
were staying, the guy told us that the researchers had

408
00:24:02,200 --> 00:24:05,480
actually accessed the Parmo through their land and the Parmo

409
00:24:05,599 --> 00:24:08,559
habitat that we were visiting. I mean, the Parmo is

410
00:24:08,599 --> 00:24:10,559
in some cases right off the highway, you still have

411
00:24:10,559 --> 00:24:15,079
to hike to it. But this Parmo was, you know,

412
00:24:15,640 --> 00:24:18,359
it was it was like a two or three mile

413
00:24:18,440 --> 00:24:21,200
hike in, and it was pretty pristine because of it.

414
00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:25,240
And there were just these massive PuYas everywhere, looking like sodalls,

415
00:24:25,279 --> 00:24:29,160
looking like dasilerian ah. And the whole you know, everything's

416
00:24:29,200 --> 00:24:32,119
got fuzz on it because of the intense uv and

417
00:24:32,160 --> 00:24:38,119
the frost, and it was it was really really pretty remarkable.

418
00:24:38,599 --> 00:24:40,880
So we were in the Parmo for a day or two,

419
00:24:41,039 --> 00:24:43,640
maybe a day and a half, and then we were

420
00:24:43,680 --> 00:24:46,240
based that We stayed at like two or three two

421
00:24:46,279 --> 00:24:51,240
different spots on this tour. One the last one, the

422
00:24:51,359 --> 00:24:53,240
last one we stayed at, you know, it was a

423
00:24:53,759 --> 00:24:55,119
it was I think it was at like ninety three

424
00:24:55,200 --> 00:24:57,720
hundred feet. It's fucking chilly, but you could see the

425
00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:00,160
whole Milky Way at night, and then there were are

426
00:25:00,240 --> 00:25:02,440
enough trails there to just go fuck around here, go wherever.

427
00:25:02,480 --> 00:25:06,079
There was so much to see on this this property

428
00:25:06,119 --> 00:25:08,799
that these people owned, and it was cool. The people

429
00:25:08,799 --> 00:25:11,039
that ran this spot were basically from the US, but

430
00:25:11,079 --> 00:25:13,079
they dipped out in the sixties because it's you know,

431
00:25:13,119 --> 00:25:15,519
to avoid the draft, because they knew that the country

432
00:25:15,599 --> 00:25:18,160
was going to ship and that Vietnam was bogus, so

433
00:25:18,160 --> 00:25:21,920
they dropped. They they moved down to Costa Rica and

434
00:25:22,079 --> 00:25:24,960
just basically started a homesteadying and set up and then

435
00:25:26,359 --> 00:25:27,920
now that's just where they live and they have a

436
00:25:28,640 --> 00:25:30,960
They got some nice dicks. It's nice. They built their

437
00:25:31,039 --> 00:25:34,480
They built their own house out of local lumber. Yeah,

438
00:25:34,519 --> 00:25:38,839
it was cool, but you know, the plant communities there

439
00:25:38,839 --> 00:25:41,319
were just wild. So you get oak forest, this high

440
00:25:41,319 --> 00:25:45,839
elevation montane oak forest where you'll see orchids. And we

441
00:25:45,880 --> 00:25:48,599
saw Telepogon coast three councas, which is a really peculiar

442
00:25:48,599 --> 00:25:52,799
little orchid that mimics uh female. The flowers mimic female

443
00:25:52,839 --> 00:25:54,920
attacking it flies and you could see it when you

444
00:25:54,960 --> 00:25:56,759
look at them, like the center of the flowers, like

445
00:25:56,759 --> 00:26:00,640
this black fuzzy thing mimics female attack and it flies

446
00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:02,400
to get the male fliers to try and hump it,

447
00:26:02,480 --> 00:26:06,119
thus pollinating it, and it seems to work pretty well.

448
00:26:06,920 --> 00:26:11,160
So sexual deception and orchids. How many instances of this

449
00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:13,319
are there? It's so common, it's great. There's gonna be

450
00:26:13,319 --> 00:26:16,839
thousands of cases of thousands of different species that use

451
00:26:16,839 --> 00:26:20,480
sexual deception and insects for their pollination. Then there was

452
00:26:20,559 --> 00:26:24,119
Anthorium's growing there too, and it was this forest was

453
00:26:24,160 --> 00:26:27,160
interesting because it was mostly dominated by oaks. There was

454
00:26:27,400 --> 00:26:30,240
Escalonium martilioides, which I mentioned before can also turn into

455
00:26:30,240 --> 00:26:33,079
a big as tree, but you know in the paramode

456
00:26:33,119 --> 00:26:35,400
only tops out at ten or twenty feet, which is

457
00:26:35,480 --> 00:26:38,799
really peculiar to me. The tree cover here. It's so variable.

458
00:26:38,799 --> 00:26:42,160
The same species can have such it can grow so differently.

459
00:26:43,640 --> 00:26:46,839
Saw Nasa speciosa, which is in the velkra Le family.

460
00:26:46,920 --> 00:26:50,119
Lois Sace it's his stinga. It's things you big orange

461
00:26:50,119 --> 00:26:53,519
flowers and it's things like hell. And most of the

462
00:26:53,559 --> 00:26:56,359
stinging members of that family are from South America. You

463
00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:59,920
get Menzelia and unite in North America, the rock net

464
00:27:00,279 --> 00:27:02,920
and blazing star whatever the common name is from Menzilia.

465
00:27:02,920 --> 00:27:05,839
I used to see them all, the Menzilia what is

466
00:27:05,880 --> 00:27:09,839
it leptocullis, the big one in California is a showy

467
00:27:09,880 --> 00:27:12,400
best You to see that around the Mount Shasta area,

468
00:27:12,480 --> 00:27:15,759
like right off the highway, right off five five. But

469
00:27:17,200 --> 00:27:19,440
and then there was a Budlaya but leya scutchy eye,

470
00:27:19,480 --> 00:27:21,559
which is like an eighty foot tall bod lay You know.

471
00:27:21,559 --> 00:27:25,240
Bud Laya the genus of quote butterfly bush horticultural atrocity,

472
00:27:25,640 --> 00:27:29,559
bad invasive out east in the East United States. It's

473
00:27:29,559 --> 00:27:33,079
from Asia. But uh, you know, here's a here's a

474
00:27:33,160 --> 00:27:36,079
species that's native to Central American cloud forest and can

475
00:27:36,119 --> 00:27:39,400
get eighty to ninety feet tall, massive trees. And I

476
00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:42,880
finally got to see Cilandra bracket calyx, which is a

477
00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:47,119
night shade leana. It's not really vine leana. Leannas are

478
00:27:47,160 --> 00:27:49,720
like leannas are a whole different habit than vine. They're

479
00:27:49,799 --> 00:27:52,960
much generally much bigger. They grow in tropical areas. They

480
00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:56,160
you know, the nodes tend to be further apart, because

481
00:27:56,200 --> 00:27:58,920
these things go eighty feet up a tree to reach

482
00:27:58,960 --> 00:28:02,240
for light, and so so Landro bracket kalyks I had

483
00:28:02,279 --> 00:28:06,119
because I'd gotten seed from Martin Grantham who had one

484
00:28:06,119 --> 00:28:08,880
at his house in Emoryville, and I had planted it

485
00:28:08,920 --> 00:28:11,079
at my house in the ground and it ended up

486
00:28:11,079 --> 00:28:13,279
almost wrapping around the entire house. And to get these

487
00:28:13,319 --> 00:28:16,039
giant yellow flowers on it. You know, it looked like

488
00:28:16,160 --> 00:28:19,599
night shade flowers probably ten inches long and six inches across,

489
00:28:19,599 --> 00:28:22,599
pollinated by bats. And then when they're pollinated they produce

490
00:28:23,079 --> 00:28:28,039
an edible fruit. That is, the flowers are supposed to psychoactive.

491
00:28:28,039 --> 00:28:29,599
Who the fuck knows, I don't know if that's if

492
00:28:29,640 --> 00:28:31,559
that's true or not. But the fruit looks like a

493
00:28:31,640 --> 00:28:36,839
giant yellow tomato, but it tastes sweet and it's guy.

494
00:28:36,880 --> 00:28:39,640
I don't have, however, many seeds inside, and those you know,

495
00:28:40,440 --> 00:28:42,920
those are really easy to germinate and one plant is

496
00:28:42,920 --> 00:28:45,680
all you need. They're self fertile. So I would grow

497
00:28:45,720 --> 00:28:47,880
the shit out of that and I'd give it to people,

498
00:28:47,920 --> 00:28:49,680
and it did great in the Bay Area climate. It

499
00:28:49,759 --> 00:28:52,880
just needed summer water because it's not from a Mediterranean

500
00:28:52,880 --> 00:28:55,640
climate like California's from the cloud forest. There is so

501
00:28:55,759 --> 00:28:59,640
much parallel in climate, at least in temperatures, between the

502
00:28:59,680 --> 00:29:05,400
Bay Area of California and the cloud forests of any

503
00:29:05,440 --> 00:29:09,279
cloud forest is Central America, whether it's Mexico or or

504
00:29:09,519 --> 00:29:12,480
some of the South American cloud forests. I mean sometimes,

505
00:29:12,519 --> 00:29:14,599
like when we were in the Parma it reminded me

506
00:29:14,640 --> 00:29:19,039
of living in the Sunset District. I didn't live there.

507
00:29:19,039 --> 00:29:21,119
I was. I was staying on someone's couch, but I was,

508
00:29:21,319 --> 00:29:23,880
you know, for a while I lived there. I just

509
00:29:23,960 --> 00:29:27,359
wasn't paid rent on the Sunset District of San Francisco,

510
00:29:27,960 --> 00:29:31,720
like foggy on the foggiest, chilliest summer day. Right where

511
00:29:31,759 --> 00:29:34,200
was that quote? Mark Twain said, the coldest winter I

512
00:29:34,200 --> 00:29:36,359
ever spent was a summer in San Francisco. That's what

513
00:29:36,400 --> 00:29:39,839
it's like. Four pm it's foggy as hell. Everything's gray,

514
00:29:39,920 --> 00:29:45,359
it's windy, it's cold, it's damp and wet. It felt

515
00:29:45,359 --> 00:29:46,880
so much like that, And then it made sense to me,

516
00:29:46,960 --> 00:29:50,640
why you know so much of the cloud forest stuff

517
00:29:50,680 --> 00:29:54,359
is planted at San Francisco Botanic Garden, or you see Berkeley.

518
00:29:54,720 --> 00:29:57,400
You see Berkeley's a little further inland. They you know,

519
00:29:57,400 --> 00:30:00,240
they it's they're still marginal there, but you could still

520
00:30:00,240 --> 00:30:03,359
get a decent amount of fog. And it was I was.

521
00:30:03,440 --> 00:30:05,759
I felt lucky to learn botany in those areas too,

522
00:30:05,759 --> 00:30:09,200
because these are such unique habitats. These are these are

523
00:30:09,720 --> 00:30:14,440
plant communities and habitats that few people in temperate latitudes

524
00:30:14,599 --> 00:30:17,720
even though exist. I mean, where you can see oaks

525
00:30:18,279 --> 00:30:22,799
growing with you know, orchids and aeroids and all these epiphytes,

526
00:30:22,839 --> 00:30:27,240
and just it boggles the mind. It blows, it blows

527
00:30:27,240 --> 00:30:30,359
out of the water any conceptions you have about what

528
00:30:30,480 --> 00:30:34,279
plants quote should be. It's so fucking cool. And again,

529
00:30:34,319 --> 00:30:38,680
the selection pressures that are being operated on, that are

530
00:30:38,680 --> 00:30:42,920
being worked with in these these communities are cold and wet,

531
00:30:43,319 --> 00:30:46,559
like an increased UV. You're so high up that there's

532
00:30:46,640 --> 00:30:50,559
the ultraviolet radiation is more intense and so these you know,

533
00:30:50,599 --> 00:30:52,759
a lot of plants are hairy at is protection against

534
00:30:53,039 --> 00:30:55,720
cold acting you know, Harry is acting like a frost cloth,

535
00:30:56,359 --> 00:31:01,640
and protection against ultraviolet light. So yeah, it was you know,

536
00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:03,640
every time I go to the fucking Parma, we're going,

537
00:31:03,640 --> 00:31:05,880
I guess we're doing an Ecuador thing in November, a

538
00:31:06,039 --> 00:31:11,359
post details as I learned them, Mandy plants, all this stuff.

539
00:31:11,559 --> 00:31:15,240
But uh, but yeah, it'll be fucking great. And it's

540
00:31:15,279 --> 00:31:18,440
you know, it's Alan handles, the mushroom stuff. I had

541
00:31:18,440 --> 00:31:22,160
all the plant stuff and it we're given presentations and

542
00:31:22,279 --> 00:31:24,839
just talking. We're like, you know, just showing like projector

543
00:31:26,079 --> 00:31:28,759
projector presentations at night and just shooting the ship. But

544
00:31:28,880 --> 00:31:31,400
open questions, you know, not like grueling and boring. You

545
00:31:31,440 --> 00:31:34,519
don't have to stay if you don't want to. Uh.

546
00:31:34,599 --> 00:31:36,920
But just what's important to me is that people learn

547
00:31:36,960 --> 00:31:41,160
stuff and get a greater concept of the of the

548
00:31:41,200 --> 00:31:44,920
world around them. And these really unique plant communities that

549
00:31:45,000 --> 00:31:48,480
exist where you have a mixture of Southern Hemisphere stuff

550
00:31:48,519 --> 00:31:52,920
and Northern Hemisphere stuff from the temperate latitudes growing at

551
00:31:52,920 --> 00:31:55,200
a tropical latitude, and it can do so because it's

552
00:31:55,240 --> 00:31:57,400
so fucking high up It's just incredible, man. There's so

553
00:31:57,480 --> 00:32:01,160
much diversity. Much less diversity than a low and tropical forest,

554
00:32:01,799 --> 00:32:04,519
but still a lot of fucking diversity, especially if you're

555
00:32:04,599 --> 00:32:06,880
used to, you know, the diversity that you might get

556
00:32:07,440 --> 00:32:13,039
in you know, the United States or another temperate latitude, Europe. Whatever. Anyway,

557
00:32:13,079 --> 00:32:16,640
another nice plant that I seen down there, and this

558
00:32:16,759 --> 00:32:19,319
was a pioneer species because it was on my friend

559
00:32:19,359 --> 00:32:22,160
Sean's land. His grandpa Zona had spot for fifty years.

560
00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:25,400
He's owed this fucking spot seventy five hundred feet up

561
00:32:25,680 --> 00:32:27,559
in a mountains with that, that's where I saw the

562
00:32:27,559 --> 00:32:32,680
oaks with the buttress trunks Quircus suppotafolia. An incredible forest.

563
00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:35,559
There were these glass winged butterflies flying around everywhere. Looked

564
00:32:35,720 --> 00:32:39,400
it look jibby deed. But on a way up there

565
00:32:39,480 --> 00:32:44,559
was fucking viburnum. There was a viburnum, a pioneer species, Viburnum.

566
00:32:45,160 --> 00:32:48,160
Oh god, what was it? S the Lato tomantosum I

567
00:32:48,200 --> 00:32:51,039
think was the species. And then there was what I

568
00:32:51,119 --> 00:32:53,759
thought was a hackberry. It looks just like a hackberry,

569
00:32:54,680 --> 00:32:58,279
but it's in a different genus, and it's in a genus. Hackberries,

570
00:32:58,279 --> 00:33:01,039
of course are related to cannabis. They're in the cannabase.

571
00:33:01,720 --> 00:33:04,920
They related the pact and they got similar they got

572
00:33:04,920 --> 00:33:08,640
similar chemistry due today fact. But they're not producing DHC,

573
00:33:09,039 --> 00:33:13,000
but I guess they produce CBD, which is sold in

574
00:33:13,039 --> 00:33:18,480
every fucking sold in all these like they sell kombucha

575
00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:22,240
CBD in Coasteca. It's crazy. You go to like I

576
00:33:22,240 --> 00:33:24,240
went to like what was the equivalent of an oxo,

577
00:33:24,759 --> 00:33:28,119
And I go inside the market and there's like healthy

578
00:33:28,160 --> 00:33:31,119
shit there, like healthy shit to eat. Like they've got

579
00:33:31,119 --> 00:33:34,160
all the poison and garbage and sugary shit too, all

580
00:33:34,160 --> 00:33:36,880
the stuff you can get in Mexico. In Mexico it's

581
00:33:36,920 --> 00:33:40,880
really bad, all the oxos, so fucking poison, And of

582
00:33:40,880 --> 00:33:43,160
course it's bad in the United States. You know, we

583
00:33:43,279 --> 00:33:45,160
got a lot of fatties here, you know, people who

584
00:33:45,160 --> 00:33:47,240
get poisoned. Then we got the driving culture too, at

585
00:33:47,279 --> 00:33:49,960
least in Mexico. You know, you gotta walk a lot

586
00:33:49,960 --> 00:33:53,640
of places. Still cars aren't as normalized as is here,

587
00:33:53,680 --> 00:33:56,920
at least the driving slum, you know, the the I

588
00:33:56,960 --> 00:34:00,000
thirty five corridor equivalent. There's nothing that hideous in Mexico.

589
00:34:00,079 --> 00:34:02,920
Go they like to burn their garbage, though I could

590
00:34:02,960 --> 00:34:04,480
smell it. I'm so close to the border. I could

591
00:34:04,519 --> 00:34:09,079
smell the burning plastic every night. It's a long infection.

592
00:34:09,119 --> 00:34:14,800
It's cock city on my coass. But anyway, but I

593
00:34:14,880 --> 00:34:17,920
went in. They sell CBD in like CBD kombucha, all

594
00:34:17,920 --> 00:34:24,159
these CBD drinks and anyway, it's but there's healthy food

595
00:34:24,199 --> 00:34:25,719
in all the corner stores. You can go in there

596
00:34:25,760 --> 00:34:29,679
and like you can get green tea. It's fucking It's

597
00:34:29,760 --> 00:34:33,239
always blows my mind how fucked we are in the US.

598
00:34:33,360 --> 00:34:36,000
The lack of healthcare, and then of course the poisonous,

599
00:34:36,079 --> 00:34:38,960
the garbage food. Like I remember going into Brazil seeing

600
00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:42,599
truck stops right they had buffets full of salad, greens

601
00:34:42,639 --> 00:34:45,320
and like good shit shit that tasted good, you know,

602
00:34:45,440 --> 00:34:50,519
like cooked spinach, seasoned and shit tastes fucking delicious, you know,

603
00:34:50,719 --> 00:34:52,800
Like I couldn't believe I was in a truck stop

604
00:34:54,159 --> 00:34:56,199
that was in Minas your eyes, Brazil. But I mean,

605
00:34:56,199 --> 00:34:59,639
it's you know, the US is just so fucking you know,

606
00:34:59,719 --> 00:35:03,159
peop people don't realize how much they're getting fucked. It's amazing.

607
00:35:04,400 --> 00:35:09,480
Ugliest landscape in the first world, billboards, shopping slums. Anyway,

608
00:35:10,480 --> 00:35:12,280
you've heard this before. I won't go off on us again.

609
00:35:12,360 --> 00:35:14,159
You know, you like some people like the rants other

610
00:35:14,159 --> 00:35:17,599
but they get a little excessive sometimes. But Trima Micrantham

611
00:35:18,039 --> 00:35:21,119
looks like a Celtic. It looks like a hackberry. It's

612
00:35:21,159 --> 00:35:26,599
got the alternating leaves that are almost so close to

613
00:35:26,679 --> 00:35:33,199
look opposite. They got that scabbard texture. Axillary berries berry

614
00:35:33,199 --> 00:35:35,920
fruits like down here, and the berries turn orange, just

615
00:35:35,960 --> 00:35:39,760
like Celtic pallada, which is a desert hackberry. We also

616
00:35:39,760 --> 00:35:43,960
get Celtic slave agata in South Texas. What's the Celtic

617
00:35:44,159 --> 00:35:46,800
that you get up in Illinois? I know there's a

618
00:35:46,840 --> 00:35:49,440
hackberry in Illinois that pops up along the railroad tracks.

619
00:35:49,599 --> 00:35:52,800
One of the few natives. But these, of course hackberries

620
00:35:52,840 --> 00:35:57,119
are ruterl plants, so they're pioneer species. But being ruteral

621
00:35:57,239 --> 00:35:59,760
means they grow in areas of human disturbance. And that's

622
00:35:59,760 --> 00:36:02,239
what was growing here. This is a beautiful hackberry. And

623
00:36:02,239 --> 00:36:04,440
it was all covered in ousnia and you could see

624
00:36:04,440 --> 00:36:07,280
the fog coming up through the canyon, all this water

625
00:36:07,400 --> 00:36:09,719
vapor channeling up through the canyon, and shit fuck it

626
00:36:09,800 --> 00:36:13,960
was arethrena po piggy I po pig who was pope?

627
00:36:14,000 --> 00:36:16,079
He was some German guy. They named the cactus after

628
00:36:16,119 --> 00:36:18,599
this fucking prick too. Maybe he was nice, maybe he

629
00:36:18,639 --> 00:36:20,400
wasn't a prick. I don't know. Oh, let's just assume

630
00:36:20,440 --> 00:36:23,480
he was a prick. You never know everyone's an asshole.

631
00:36:23,519 --> 00:36:26,840
They'll proven otherwise. That's the way I work, right, I'll

632
00:36:26,880 --> 00:36:29,239
be nice to everybody, but I'm gonna assume they're a prick,

633
00:36:29,800 --> 00:36:32,679
and then you gotta work up. You know, if if

634
00:36:33,599 --> 00:36:37,039
you meet someone and they are warm and kind or

635
00:36:37,159 --> 00:36:39,920
just defensive, you know a little bit. I give people

636
00:36:39,920 --> 00:36:42,679
a better of the people. It's it's people are normal.

637
00:36:42,960 --> 00:36:46,159
It's that's this human nature to be an asshole. I think,

638
00:36:47,039 --> 00:36:50,960
at least around until you get to know someone better. So, uh,

639
00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:55,360
maybe Popig was an asshole. I don't know. You gotta

640
00:36:55,400 --> 00:36:57,800
loosen everybody up, you gotta warm them up. You know,

641
00:36:58,000 --> 00:37:00,559
I'm an asshole. I got spines, but and I'm soft

642
00:37:00,559 --> 00:37:02,599
on the inside. I get a soft center. I'm a soft,

643
00:37:02,679 --> 00:37:05,760
squishy guy on the inside. Once you get the spinzo

644
00:37:05,880 --> 00:37:07,559
out of the fucking way. I had to fucked up

645
00:37:07,599 --> 00:37:12,199
childhood anyway. Uh. Trima Micranthum, I guess it's a source

646
00:37:12,239 --> 00:37:17,400
of CBDA. Trima Micrantham. There's an ecotype that grows in Florida.

647
00:37:17,559 --> 00:37:21,440
But but yeah, it's got these uh these axillary fruits.

648
00:37:21,480 --> 00:37:24,199
They come out right where the petiole of the leaf

649
00:37:24,320 --> 00:37:27,880
meets the stem, the branch, whatever, and then they they're

650
00:37:27,920 --> 00:37:30,000
green and they turn orange when they're ready. But that

651
00:37:30,159 --> 00:37:33,840
was fucking great to see. I almost forgot that genus existed.

652
00:37:33,840 --> 00:37:36,079
And this thing was massive. The whole thing's pubescent. The

653
00:37:36,119 --> 00:37:39,199
stems got little fuzz on them, covered in oosneach in

654
00:37:39,840 --> 00:37:43,639
growing right with Clybatium, which is another which almost looked

655
00:37:43,679 --> 00:37:47,320
like the viburnum and had opposite leaves. But Clybatium is

656
00:37:47,320 --> 00:37:51,039
a species in the sunflower family and astraci. It produces berries.

657
00:37:51,480 --> 00:37:56,400
It produces blue berry like blue edible. They're squishy. I

658
00:37:56,400 --> 00:37:58,280
don't know if they're I didn't taste one. I should

659
00:37:58,320 --> 00:38:00,679
have put one in my mouth. I put one my ass.

660
00:38:01,199 --> 00:38:06,960
But I've evidently they've you know, Clybatium has evolved. That

661
00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:10,159
is a method of bird disporslain. It works for it.

662
00:38:10,199 --> 00:38:13,440
I didn't know there were any astoracious things anything in

663
00:38:13,440 --> 00:38:16,800
the sunflower family that produced berries. That was wild. It

664
00:38:16,880 --> 00:38:18,519
was cool to see. If you know, there's another plant

665
00:38:18,519 --> 00:38:20,760
in the sunflower family to produces fucking berries. Let me know,

666
00:38:21,440 --> 00:38:23,199
because it's weird that you take that. You take in

667
00:38:23,239 --> 00:38:27,400
a keene or a sipsla, a single seeded fruit, and

668
00:38:27,440 --> 00:38:33,400
it it evolves the morphology. Some part of that single

669
00:38:33,440 --> 00:38:36,119
seeded fruit, maybe the para carp or something gets fleshy

670
00:38:37,159 --> 00:38:40,159
and U it's wild. I didn't know that could happen.

671
00:38:40,280 --> 00:38:43,480
Just like there's conifers that produce berries, the potocarps in

672
00:38:43,519 --> 00:38:47,119
that case, what is an epimadium. It's like a swollen,

673
00:38:47,280 --> 00:38:53,719
juicy scale that that's brightly colored. And and then the

674
00:38:54,000 --> 00:38:58,400
the and is at the base of the seed. So

675
00:38:59,440 --> 00:39:01,639
you know, the seed is the outermost part, at least

676
00:39:01,639 --> 00:39:05,480
in the POTOCARPEESI the old the ancient conifer lineage, the

677
00:39:05,639 --> 00:39:09,400
seed is the most the outermost part. You know, potocarps,

678
00:39:09,440 --> 00:39:13,639
you've probably seen them in a horticultural atrocity garden before.

679
00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:16,480
They're common in the lower latitude US. I know Chicago

680
00:39:16,519 --> 00:39:20,239
Botanic Garden had some in their glasshouses. But that was

681
00:39:20,280 --> 00:39:22,280
cool to see because you know, you can't really they're

682
00:39:22,320 --> 00:39:26,239
not cold tolerance. You can't see them in Chicago. Otherwise

683
00:39:26,239 --> 00:39:28,039
you got to go to the Glasshouse. I used to

684
00:39:28,079 --> 00:39:31,440
love that Glasshouse in Chicago Botanic Garden and the Reagan Stein,

685
00:39:32,199 --> 00:39:34,840
the Reagan Stein Library. If you're out there in Chicago

686
00:39:34,840 --> 00:39:36,639
Botanic gar go hit up that library. They got a

687
00:39:36,639 --> 00:39:38,920
lot of cool books in there, and they'll let you

688
00:39:38,960 --> 00:39:43,440
hang out in there even if you're a bum but u.

689
00:39:43,800 --> 00:39:45,840
But it's it's weird. Yeah, So poto carps do that.

690
00:39:45,920 --> 00:39:48,719
And then it's another thing you wouldn't expect. It's technically

691
00:39:48,719 --> 00:39:52,840
a cone, it's a naked seed, but it's it's got

692
00:39:52,880 --> 00:39:57,920
this bait berry potocarpees So like Pectinopotis stanley i, which

693
00:39:57,960 --> 00:40:01,719
is also in Costa Rica, and and there was no

694
00:40:01,800 --> 00:40:06,280
Pectanopotus in these forests though where I saw that viburnum

695
00:40:06,440 --> 00:40:09,280
on Shan's Land, where his grandpa has been there fifty years,

696
00:40:09,440 --> 00:40:13,360
there was no Potocarpus or Pectanopotus. They're much higher up.

697
00:40:13,400 --> 00:40:15,960
They're like just below the paramo. They like it a

698
00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:23,639
lot colder and wetter. Mandy found a Grifola frontosa my taki.

699
00:40:24,199 --> 00:40:28,400
She found my taki growing on Pectanopotus stanley eye formerly

700
00:40:28,480 --> 00:40:32,320
Promnopotis Stanley one of these ancient potocarps I've been running

701
00:40:32,320 --> 00:40:35,840
my mouth about which was wild. These things get fucking massive.

702
00:40:35,840 --> 00:40:39,639
To some of these trees, they're absolutely massive, like eight

703
00:40:39,639 --> 00:40:42,239
feet diameter breast height. They can probably some of these

704
00:40:42,280 --> 00:40:44,599
trees are probably fifteen hundred or two thousand years old.

705
00:40:45,159 --> 00:40:47,880
And again I had no idea that they existed till

706
00:40:47,920 --> 00:40:51,559
I was in the high forest up there, and it's weird.

707
00:40:51,639 --> 00:40:55,159
On one side of this ridge, you've got you know,

708
00:40:55,199 --> 00:40:59,639
the Pectanopotus Stanley eye, you got the fucking Potocarpus coast

709
00:40:59,639 --> 00:41:03,840
three these old conifers. And then on the other side

710
00:41:03,880 --> 00:41:08,000
of the ridge, same elevation, it's completely different forced composition.

711
00:41:08,119 --> 00:41:13,199
It's it's more of the oak dominated Esclonium murtalloides dominated.

712
00:41:14,199 --> 00:41:21,039
And I finally got to see uh uh Solandra bracket klyx,

713
00:41:21,480 --> 00:41:25,280
which is a climbing leana. Aleana's like a more robust vine.

714
00:41:25,679 --> 00:41:28,039
You live in the timber latitudes, you think of a

715
00:41:28,119 --> 00:41:30,360
vine as being something that climbs up a chain link fence.

716
00:41:30,360 --> 00:41:33,440
You get some invasive morning glories and shit like this. No,

717
00:41:33,559 --> 00:41:39,159
Aliana is a massive fucking you know, in the tropics especially,

718
00:41:39,159 --> 00:41:42,320
they're common because the canopy is so fucking high up there.

719
00:41:42,880 --> 00:41:46,960
And everything's wet, and there's so much competition. There's epiphytes

720
00:41:47,000 --> 00:41:49,880
on everything. There's moss orchids, ferns growing on everything, on

721
00:41:49,920 --> 00:41:53,599
the barks of trees, aeroids growing up everything. Even though

722
00:41:53,639 --> 00:41:55,519
it's nine thousand feet and it's got the climate of

723
00:41:55,519 --> 00:41:59,719
coastal San Francisco, you know that you still got it.

724
00:41:59,719 --> 00:42:02,079
You got to get tall. So the leanas are like

725
00:42:02,840 --> 00:42:07,239
they're more robust, taller growing vines that can get really thick.

726
00:42:07,280 --> 00:42:10,280
And that's what soilander is. The nodes are a foot

727
00:42:10,360 --> 00:42:12,800
or two apart, so it's got like kind of like

728
00:42:12,840 --> 00:42:17,880
a it's not it's a sparse arrangement of the leaves.

729
00:42:17,920 --> 00:42:20,840
It's not super dense. You know. Like this is a

730
00:42:21,519 --> 00:42:25,320
leana that gets ninety feet up an oak tree, these

731
00:42:25,360 --> 00:42:30,440
tropical oak trees, and then puts out this yellow flower

732
00:42:30,480 --> 00:42:32,840
the size of a football that's pollinated by bats and

733
00:42:32,840 --> 00:42:37,639
then produces fruit that's edible. It's like a tomato. It's

734
00:42:37,639 --> 00:42:40,880
like a sweet tomato. It's like a sweet, mildly sweet,

735
00:42:40,960 --> 00:42:44,039
fleshy tomato, which I didn't know was edible until I

736
00:42:44,079 --> 00:42:47,079
was taking the seeds off of my friend Martin Grantham's

737
00:42:48,519 --> 00:42:50,400
taking them out of a piece of fruit I play

738
00:42:52,480 --> 00:42:55,159
plucked off the vine that he had at his house

739
00:42:55,159 --> 00:42:57,880
in Emeryville, California, which is a similar climate he grew.

740
00:42:58,599 --> 00:43:00,639
You know, a bunch of botanists in the Bay Area,

741
00:43:00,760 --> 00:43:04,400
California would grow cloud forest stuff. Some of the best

742
00:43:04,519 --> 00:43:07,639
research you know done by like breed Love, et cetera,

743
00:43:08,039 --> 00:43:13,480
was done out of California Academy of Sciences, striving ourbornum

744
00:43:13,559 --> 00:43:17,760
whatever about cloud forest plants. You know, Breedlove is the

745
00:43:17,800 --> 00:43:20,400
guy that discovered Deppy's Splendi INDs that member of the

746
00:43:20,440 --> 00:43:24,960
coffee family that's fucking extinct and habitat now. My friend

747
00:43:25,000 --> 00:43:27,119
Don told me about going back down to Chiapas to

748
00:43:27,159 --> 00:43:28,880
find it with them, and they went to the forest

749
00:43:28,920 --> 00:43:30,920
where it was and it was it was all cleared,

750
00:43:31,480 --> 00:43:34,320
it was gone. They fucking torched it and then they

751
00:43:34,320 --> 00:43:40,400
put up cornfields. Brutal. It's like destroying It's like destroying

752
00:43:40,400 --> 00:43:43,920
a museum of masterpieces to put up a dollar general.

753
00:43:44,480 --> 00:43:48,159
But anyway, and Deppies splend ins, but it's still in cultivation.

754
00:43:48,280 --> 00:43:50,360
It's like a common plant, and cultivation in the Bay

755
00:43:51,199 --> 00:43:53,760
probably an up and Humboldt County. Humboldt County's got a

756
00:43:53,840 --> 00:43:58,159
very pleasant climate for for cloud forest stuff. If you

757
00:43:58,239 --> 00:43:59,639
live out there, you got to go check out the

758
00:43:59,639 --> 00:44:05,159
cloud forest, the cloud forest areas of the Arboretum of

759
00:44:05,239 --> 00:44:09,480
UC Berkeley, of SF Botanic Garden, whatever, because fuck man,

760
00:44:09,519 --> 00:44:13,719
it's there's so much amazing stuff there. Martin, my friend Martin,

761
00:44:13,760 --> 00:44:17,480
he moved to he moved to Eureka. Now he bought

762
00:44:17,519 --> 00:44:19,400
a house some guy killed himself in so it was

763
00:44:19,519 --> 00:44:21,199
cheap on the market, you know. I remember I was

764
00:44:21,239 --> 00:44:22,679
in his house when he told me that, and they

765
00:44:22,679 --> 00:44:26,280
were were laughing about it. No offense, not at the

766
00:44:26,320 --> 00:44:29,480
guy's expense. It's terrible this guy killed himself. But that's

767
00:44:29,480 --> 00:44:31,719
how you get a cheap house in California these days.

768
00:44:31,719 --> 00:44:34,960
There has to have been some sort of murder, double homicide,

769
00:44:35,679 --> 00:44:39,159
a grizzly suicide, something, and that's how you get the

770
00:44:39,199 --> 00:44:42,719
price the price drop. You know, you know, bad things happen,

771
00:44:42,960 --> 00:44:45,559
but the fucking real estate market is still what it is.

772
00:44:45,840 --> 00:44:49,159
Am I wrong? Huh? You know these pig investors that

773
00:44:49,199 --> 00:44:53,119
have driven rent prices up. Okay, anyway, but I got

774
00:44:53,159 --> 00:44:58,960
to see Solandra Bracket Klyx a night shade, and I

775
00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:01,519
love this thing. I grew it. I grew tons of them.

776
00:45:01,519 --> 00:45:04,400
I gave them to people. I fucking had one in

777
00:45:04,440 --> 00:45:07,679
front of my house in Oakland. The pag investors that

778
00:45:07,760 --> 00:45:10,599
bought that I was probably ripped everything out. Hopefully the

779
00:45:10,639 --> 00:45:18,039
madrone is still back there, but the the soilandra was.

780
00:45:18,320 --> 00:45:21,119
It was such a fucking cool plant. And it's you know,

781
00:45:21,119 --> 00:45:24,440
where roots into the ground. It can be ten inches across,

782
00:45:24,960 --> 00:45:27,880
it can get it turns into a thick, almost treelike.

783
00:45:28,599 --> 00:45:30,599
It's like a cross between a tree and a vine.

784
00:45:31,199 --> 00:45:33,360
But in this oak it was going ninety feet up

785
00:45:33,400 --> 00:45:35,760
and then it just you could see fruits way up

786
00:45:35,800 --> 00:45:37,679
at the top. And I knew it was there because

787
00:45:38,320 --> 00:45:42,360
friends of mine that we were on this trail walking

788
00:45:42,360 --> 00:45:44,159
through the cloud forest would find the you know, the

789
00:45:44,199 --> 00:45:46,960
flowers after they get pollinated, the ovary and the style

790
00:45:47,039 --> 00:45:50,079
stay on the what was the flower, but the corolla

791
00:45:50,119 --> 00:45:52,840
and the stamens fall off. And so they were finding

792
00:45:52,840 --> 00:45:55,320
these giant yellow flowers all over the ground and couldn't

793
00:45:55,360 --> 00:45:57,199
see where they were because the canopy so high up.

794
00:45:57,239 --> 00:45:59,400
And one of them showed it to me and I said, oh,

795
00:45:59,440 --> 00:46:02,599
this is fucking Silandro. Holy shit, I gotta find this thing.

796
00:46:03,039 --> 00:46:06,920
So right where the trail ended. There was an old

797
00:46:06,960 --> 00:46:11,000
oak tree right next to a dogwood too. There's a

798
00:46:11,039 --> 00:46:16,559
dogwood species there. What was the dogwood species, Cornice disiflora.

799
00:46:17,039 --> 00:46:19,920
I was using a checklist, which was super helpful, a

800
00:46:20,000 --> 00:46:22,599
checklist for that mountain range, because I would tell I

801
00:46:22,599 --> 00:46:25,840
could tell something was in a family or a genus especially,

802
00:46:25,840 --> 00:46:28,159
and then just go look up on the checklist and

803
00:46:28,199 --> 00:46:31,360
see what grows there. And the checklist was annotated too,

804
00:46:31,400 --> 00:46:34,519
so it had everything by elevation, you know, And so

805
00:46:34,599 --> 00:46:37,079
I would look, you know, if there were multiple species

806
00:46:37,079 --> 00:46:38,480
in a genus, and I knew I was looking at

807
00:46:38,480 --> 00:46:41,639
something in a certain genus, I would go to whatever

808
00:46:41,679 --> 00:46:43,679
elevation I was at, which in this case was you know,

809
00:46:43,800 --> 00:46:47,960
nine thousand feet the twenty twenty seven hundred meters whatever.

810
00:46:48,000 --> 00:46:51,679
That is super helpful. It was like the checklist of

811
00:46:51,760 --> 00:46:54,960
plants of amistide. You got to look it up in Spanish,

812
00:46:55,159 --> 00:46:58,280
but u but yeah, there was a fucking dogwood there,

813
00:46:58,320 --> 00:47:03,039
like massive dogwood. Crazy. And so anyway, the trail ended

814
00:47:03,079 --> 00:47:05,519
and now and then it opened up on these hills

815
00:47:05,519 --> 00:47:08,599
that have been cleared for pasture. But you could see

816
00:47:08,639 --> 00:47:10,400
over the whole valley and there was just all that

817
00:47:10,480 --> 00:47:12,519
I mean, it's again, it's a cloud forest for a reason.

818
00:47:12,559 --> 00:47:16,119
There's all this water vapor moving through the sunset was

819
00:47:16,159 --> 00:47:19,039
going down. It was fucking beautiful. And I looked up

820
00:47:19,079 --> 00:47:21,079
the ninety feet this tree and I saw, I mean,

821
00:47:21,079 --> 00:47:22,800
I knew the leaves of this thing because I grew

822
00:47:22,840 --> 00:47:26,639
it for you know, eight years. Martin Grantham got me.

823
00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:29,000
Martin Grantham had all the coolest shit in his yard,

824
00:47:29,239 --> 00:47:32,079
all the cloud forest stuff, all stuff, all seas are

825
00:47:32,079 --> 00:47:35,320
spores he'd collected. And he's just a really good botanist,

826
00:47:35,360 --> 00:47:38,519
knew everything. You know. I've put him on the Patreon before.

827
00:47:38,639 --> 00:47:42,119
He's a he's got a very Uh, he's got a very.

828
00:47:42,599 --> 00:47:46,079
He's one who talks about the darkness of reality and

829
00:47:46,159 --> 00:47:50,159
of modern humanity and you know, the sociopathic nature of

830
00:47:50,199 --> 00:47:53,800
modern capitalism. Other fucking psychos always, you know, end up

831
00:47:53,920 --> 00:47:59,480
being in positions of leadership and power and authority and

832
00:48:00,000 --> 00:48:02,519
talks about it in a lighthearted, cheeky way, and it's

833
00:48:02,599 --> 00:48:05,519
it's I enjoy him a lot. Anyway. He got me

834
00:48:05,519 --> 00:48:07,079
into a lot of cool stuff. And so this I was.

835
00:48:07,159 --> 00:48:09,000
I was stoked to see this fucking cylinder and I

836
00:48:09,000 --> 00:48:11,800
could see the ninety feet up this thing. There's the

837
00:48:12,320 --> 00:48:15,159
way up in the canopy of this massive oak. At

838
00:48:15,199 --> 00:48:18,440
the edge it is clearing where the forests stopped was

839
00:48:18,639 --> 00:48:21,840
u and the rest of the forests protected, thank god,

840
00:48:21,880 --> 00:48:24,320
because you know humans be no humans doing what they do,

841
00:48:24,360 --> 00:48:27,079
they would take everything, just keeps the tumor just keeps growing.

842
00:48:27,119 --> 00:48:29,599
It's cut down the forest and we're going to graze

843
00:48:29,599 --> 00:48:33,239
cattle here. Fuck it. You don't like it. Uh. And

844
00:48:33,519 --> 00:48:36,239
of course there were like, you know, thirty other species

845
00:48:36,239 --> 00:48:39,599
of plants growing epiphetically on this oak tree, ferns, aeroids,

846
00:48:39,599 --> 00:48:41,559
all kinds of cool shit, tons of orchids. There were

847
00:48:41,679 --> 00:48:46,159
orchids up there. Just a marvelous fucking Again, this is

848
00:48:46,159 --> 00:48:49,280
the kind of shit because you mentioned low latitude places

849
00:48:49,320 --> 00:48:52,440
to people in America and I'm sure much of Europe,

850
00:48:52,440 --> 00:48:54,639
and they think jungle and tropically. They don't have any

851
00:48:54,639 --> 00:48:57,559
idea that. I mean, it's you know, you get nine

852
00:48:57,559 --> 00:49:00,639
thousand feet at low latitudes and it's it's not jungle

853
00:49:00,719 --> 00:49:04,199
at all. Man. It's a fucking it's something you couldn't

854
00:49:04,239 --> 00:49:07,639
even dream of. It's it doesn't really freeze too hard.

855
00:49:08,360 --> 00:49:10,280
I don't think it. I don't think sometimes you get

856
00:49:10,280 --> 00:49:12,880
a frost maybe at ninety five hundred feet, but probably

857
00:49:12,880 --> 00:49:14,800
not in the canopy of these or not not in

858
00:49:14,840 --> 00:49:18,360
the understory of these forests. But everything's I mean again,

859
00:49:18,400 --> 00:49:20,159
these are things that would not do well in a

860
00:49:20,199 --> 00:49:23,000
tropical climate. Their metabolism is adapted to the climate of

861
00:49:23,039 --> 00:49:26,199
the SF Bay area or a Humboldt County, you know,

862
00:49:26,960 --> 00:49:34,400
cloud force, chili wet, not too hot, marvelous fucking anyway.

863
00:49:34,440 --> 00:49:36,599
And then there was Corone a crossoverwhere too, which is

864
00:49:36,599 --> 00:49:41,039
a cool parasite, a chlorophilis, so it lacks chlorophyll. It

865
00:49:41,039 --> 00:49:44,400
looks like a little red, swollen knob. And it took

866
00:49:44,440 --> 00:49:45,880
me a while to figure out what was going on

867
00:49:45,920 --> 00:49:48,039
with these plants, because it's just a knob. There's no leaves.

868
00:49:48,039 --> 00:49:50,800
It's a generalist. It taps into the roots of anything

869
00:49:51,280 --> 00:49:54,039
around it, whether it's an oak tree or a pectanopotus whatever,

870
00:49:54,519 --> 00:49:56,800
and then it puts out these knobs. Once it's stolen

871
00:49:56,920 --> 00:50:00,639
enough carbohydrates, it puts out these swollen knobs, and it's

872
00:50:00,679 --> 00:50:03,000
got a ligno tuber that it can dive back to

873
00:50:03,599 --> 00:50:05,679
that just keeps producing these knobs. Probably got a bunch

874
00:50:05,719 --> 00:50:10,519
of dormant buds on the ligno tuber and when it flowers,

875
00:50:10,519 --> 00:50:13,760
it sudds up this knob that's about six inches literally,

876
00:50:13,800 --> 00:50:16,440
it looks like a knob, looks like a pink potato,

877
00:50:16,679 --> 00:50:19,480
and then the scales fall off. It's got these protective

878
00:50:19,519 --> 00:50:21,440
scales on it, probably because it's got to push up

879
00:50:21,519 --> 00:50:26,719
through the duff. The scales fall off like pentagonal scales,

880
00:50:26,719 --> 00:50:30,400
and then the knob is either male or female. And

881
00:50:30,440 --> 00:50:31,639
it took me a while to figure out what the

882
00:50:31,639 --> 00:50:33,760
flowers were, so I had to. I'm looking at it,

883
00:50:33,760 --> 00:50:35,320
and I'm like, what the fuck is this? These are

884
00:50:35,360 --> 00:50:37,960
like these pink little hairs, They're like, I don't know,

885
00:50:38,880 --> 00:50:41,159
five to eight millimeters long. It turned out those were

886
00:50:41,159 --> 00:50:43,079
the female flowers. I thought those were the male flowers

887
00:50:43,079 --> 00:50:45,880
because it looked like filaments and anthers. But then I

888
00:50:45,920 --> 00:50:50,679
found a paper on a closely related species, Helosis cayanensis,

889
00:50:50,719 --> 00:50:53,039
which I think, where is it Argentina? Where's a native

890
00:50:53,079 --> 00:50:55,320
to somewhere in South America. It's not in Central America.

891
00:50:55,320 --> 00:50:59,400
It's not in Coaswhega. And what I was looking at

892
00:50:59,440 --> 00:51:01,199
when I thought were male, were actually female. When I

893
00:51:01,199 --> 00:51:05,719
thought were female flowers were actually male whatever. But uh, anyway,

894
00:51:08,519 --> 00:51:10,599
but it took me a while to figure out what's

895
00:51:10,599 --> 00:51:13,000
going on with this thing, because I would see, you know,

896
00:51:13,159 --> 00:51:14,880
I saw, I would you'd see it a lot in

897
00:51:14,880 --> 00:51:17,280
the understory, and I would trying to figure out am

898
00:51:17,280 --> 00:51:19,840
I looking. You know, it's like anything. Most of the times,

899
00:51:19,880 --> 00:51:21,719
you can figure out whether you're looking at a male flower,

900
00:51:21,840 --> 00:51:25,840
a female flower, or a perfect aka bisexual aka or

901
00:51:25,840 --> 00:51:29,280
amaphroditic flower, because the stamens will be much more numerous.

902
00:51:29,599 --> 00:51:32,519
They'll have the general structure of a filament and an anther,

903
00:51:32,679 --> 00:51:35,280
you know, like the little rod that holds the anthra up,

904
00:51:35,679 --> 00:51:38,000
and then there'll be no ovary on there. And then

905
00:51:38,039 --> 00:51:40,360
of course the female flower, they'll be an ovary. It'll

906
00:51:40,400 --> 00:51:42,679
have a stigma something that looks like it's, you know,

907
00:51:43,039 --> 00:51:45,679
meant to capture pollen, and they'll only be one of them,

908
00:51:45,960 --> 00:51:48,119
or in some cases, yeah, like one ovary. But then

909
00:51:48,119 --> 00:51:51,519
maybe it'll have three lobes or something, you know, three branches,

910
00:51:51,559 --> 00:51:54,760
like an uphour bac. But this thing defied all fucking

911
00:51:54,840 --> 00:51:57,199
I don't know either way, it was still really cool

912
00:51:57,199 --> 00:52:00,159
to see, and I was seeing two different versions, and

913
00:52:00,400 --> 00:52:02,840
I saw probably seven or eight plants during my time there.

914
00:52:02,840 --> 00:52:05,840
And then they weren't flower when I was there in April,

915
00:52:05,840 --> 00:52:08,719
but I saw seven or eight plants during my time there,

916
00:52:08,760 --> 00:52:11,599
and then finally figured out, okay, it's not only are

917
00:52:11,639 --> 00:52:15,719
the little knobs are unisexual because I would only see

918
00:52:16,159 --> 00:52:20,320
one kind of flower, but they both knobs can occur

919
00:52:20,360 --> 00:52:24,159
on the same plant, so it's moniches. And yeah, you'd

920
00:52:24,159 --> 00:52:25,800
see them on every they were all over the place.

921
00:52:25,840 --> 00:52:28,639
They looked really cool. They're like bright pink, very conspicuous,

922
00:52:29,639 --> 00:52:33,360
you know, a bright pink potato attached to a rod

923
00:52:33,480 --> 00:52:36,719
at the base of some fucking tree or something. I'm

924
00:52:36,719 --> 00:52:38,599
really dropping a lot of f bombs. I'm sorry, you know,

925
00:52:38,639 --> 00:52:40,800
if that's if you're listening to this, it's some sort

926
00:52:40,840 --> 00:52:47,079
of you know nsf W. But yeah, Corinea crassa bilano

927
00:52:47,199 --> 00:52:53,159
four ace, which is a marvelous family of tropical parasitic plants,

928
00:52:54,400 --> 00:52:57,400
one of the coolest of which is dak Talanthu's taylor

929
00:52:57,440 --> 00:53:00,880
ie from New Zealand, which is pollinated by bat. So

930
00:53:01,000 --> 00:53:03,760
these bats actually crawl on the ground and hit this flower.

931
00:53:03,800 --> 00:53:07,599
But of course everything's been fucked up post colonization with

932
00:53:08,440 --> 00:53:11,320
you know, especially introduction of feral cats and all the

933
00:53:11,360 --> 00:53:13,519
other stupid shit that people bring with them, you know

934
00:53:14,440 --> 00:53:17,000
they Have you heard about the speaking of feral cats? Oh,

935
00:53:17,079 --> 00:53:19,360
there he goes again. Have you heard about the feral

936
00:53:19,400 --> 00:53:23,159
cat issue on Hawaii? It's in Hawaii? There's yeah, what

937
00:53:23,159 --> 00:53:27,039
what island? Uh? Specifically it is, but it's a there's

938
00:53:27,079 --> 00:53:31,800
an Instagram page called Nane dot org and it's it's

939
00:53:32,039 --> 00:53:34,960
n E n e dot org and Nane is a

940
00:53:35,679 --> 00:53:38,599
is an endangered Hawaiian goose. And these fucking cat people,

941
00:53:38,679 --> 00:53:41,400
these feral cat people, like cats are great pets if

942
00:53:41,400 --> 00:53:43,280
you keep them inside, you build some cool shit from

943
00:53:43,320 --> 00:53:46,400
the climb on, you know, wonderful. They're wonderful, They're sweet.

944
00:53:46,480 --> 00:53:49,599
I can't touch them because I get allergic. But every

945
00:53:49,599 --> 00:53:51,199
time I pet a cat, I'm like breaking out in

946
00:53:51,280 --> 00:53:54,360
hives five minutes later and then it lasts for three hours.

947
00:53:54,920 --> 00:53:58,119
But uh, but you know, but when they're loose, they're

948
00:53:58,119 --> 00:54:00,480
fucking vermin. They're just like rats. You know, rats are

949
00:54:00,519 --> 00:54:03,239
great pets too. I had a rat named Lenny Bruce

950
00:54:03,280 --> 00:54:05,239
when I was nineteen. Fucking thing used to crawl over

951
00:54:05,280 --> 00:54:07,880
me come when it was called. She was great. She

952
00:54:08,039 --> 00:54:10,679
was a great rat. But you don't want street rats

953
00:54:10,679 --> 00:54:12,480
in your you know, it's a different thing. You don't

954
00:54:12,519 --> 00:54:15,119
like them when they're after They can do some heinous shit,

955
00:54:15,880 --> 00:54:19,800
both street rats and and feral cats. But these fucking

956
00:54:19,920 --> 00:54:23,440
feral cat people are just absolutely nuts and they they're

957
00:54:23,519 --> 00:54:25,280
fucking rabbit too. I think a lot of them probably

958
00:54:25,280 --> 00:54:29,480
of toxoplasmosis mentally mental illness for sure, whether it's you know,

959
00:54:29,519 --> 00:54:31,920
whether the mental illness is genetic or whether it's caused

960
00:54:31,960 --> 00:54:35,280
by the Toxoplasma gandhi a parasite whatever, But there's a

961
00:54:36,320 --> 00:54:38,840
it's been funny watching they're they're trying to get a

962
00:54:38,840 --> 00:54:41,400
bunch of people who are concerned about the endangered birds

963
00:54:41,800 --> 00:54:44,519
and the fucking endangered marine life because the cat shit

964
00:54:44,639 --> 00:54:50,079
that contains toxoplasmosis, the toxoplasmosis spores washingto the ocean and

965
00:54:50,119 --> 00:54:53,840
it's completely lethal for Hawaiian monks, seals and sea otters

966
00:54:53,880 --> 00:54:59,440
and other shit. It's wonderful, huh, because they've never experienced before,

967
00:54:59,599 --> 00:55:02,159
you know, like some you know, nut jobs can be.

968
00:55:02,440 --> 00:55:04,280
But a lot of these nut jobs are probably infected

969
00:55:04,280 --> 00:55:07,559
with taxoplasmos as too. But but it's not lethal for them,

970
00:55:07,639 --> 00:55:09,360
you know, it just makes them do crazy shit like

971
00:55:09,400 --> 00:55:12,760
obsessed about feeding feral cats and public and you know

972
00:55:13,480 --> 00:55:16,880
some of these fucking women. It's mostly women. Oh my god,

973
00:55:16,960 --> 00:55:19,199
did he really say that. Yes, it's mostly fucking it's

974
00:55:19,239 --> 00:55:22,320
mostly the crazy cat lady trope is real. But most

975
00:55:22,320 --> 00:55:26,880
of these, most of these nutty fucking cat ladies. I

976
00:55:26,960 --> 00:55:29,440
bet there's one or two in there who's killing kids

977
00:55:29,800 --> 00:55:33,119
and cutting up little kids. The feet that these cat counties,

978
00:55:33,159 --> 00:55:36,119
you know, just like that Dead Kennedy's song Deer Abby.

979
00:55:36,480 --> 00:55:38,239
Yeah ever listening to that? It's the good ones about

980
00:55:38,239 --> 00:55:40,400
Reaganomics in the eighties, Same things going on with these

981
00:55:40,400 --> 00:55:42,920
feral somebody, these feral cat ladies. But they're doing it

982
00:55:42,960 --> 00:55:45,559
with kids and they're cutting them up. They dehydrate it,

983
00:55:45,599 --> 00:55:47,599
they mix it in with the kibble. No one ever know.

984
00:55:48,320 --> 00:55:51,679
You never know. Oh I just love my little kid.

985
00:55:51,719 --> 00:55:54,599
Oh I love my kiddies. And if they argue with

986
00:55:54,639 --> 00:55:57,000
any of these nut jobs too, then they I got

987
00:55:57,000 --> 00:55:58,760
my first death threat from one of them because I

988
00:55:58,800 --> 00:56:02,159
can't keep my fucking hate. I hate these people, I

989
00:56:02,239 --> 00:56:05,159
really do, you know. And they're like, oh, Tie, there's

990
00:56:05,199 --> 00:56:07,800
the way to go. TNR trapped you to return is

991
00:56:07,840 --> 00:56:12,880
just an excuse for feeding. If sterilizing feral animals worked anywhere.

992
00:56:12,920 --> 00:56:14,639
It would be done more, and it's not. It would

993
00:56:14,639 --> 00:56:16,840
be done with pigs, pythons, rats, it's not done with

994
00:56:16,880 --> 00:56:19,599
any of them. But anyway, I got my first death

995
00:56:19,599 --> 00:56:22,079
threat like a month or two ago. Very charming, it was.

996
00:56:22,119 --> 00:56:24,440
I was stoked to see it because someone had just

997
00:56:25,119 --> 00:56:27,880
ridden me a lady in Australia who does bat rescue.

998
00:56:27,920 --> 00:56:30,880
They got all these endangered fruit bats. And she's like,

999
00:56:30,920 --> 00:56:34,360
has anyone written you death threats yet? And I said, no,

1000
00:56:34,480 --> 00:56:37,159
not of the feral cat people. I think I've been

1001
00:56:37,159 --> 00:56:39,519
told to kill myself a number of times in the comments,

1002
00:56:39,519 --> 00:56:43,480
but no one's ever like ridden me a DM, you know.

1003
00:56:43,719 --> 00:56:46,400
And I got my first DM. Tell me it's always

1004
00:56:46,400 --> 00:56:48,719
the same shit. It's, you know, some lady with like

1005
00:56:48,960 --> 00:56:52,119
three hundred followers who's fucking pictures of cats or whatever.

1006
00:56:53,119 --> 00:56:55,880
But she told me to kill myself, or she said

1007
00:56:56,000 --> 00:56:57,880
she hopes I'd catch a bullet. I don't know what

1008
00:56:57,920 --> 00:57:02,320
the fuck she said, you know, fuck, it's the parasite talking,

1009
00:57:02,400 --> 00:57:06,159
after all, you Swiss cheese brain up there, fucking a

1010
00:57:06,559 --> 00:57:09,159
you know, her whole here her a CT scan of

1011
00:57:09,199 --> 00:57:12,039
her brain probably looks like a fucking, you know, wonderful

1012
00:57:12,079 --> 00:57:16,320
polka dot uh partition, like a wonderful polka dot linen

1013
00:57:16,360 --> 00:57:19,840
print or something, you know, or maybe like that the

1014
00:57:20,039 --> 00:57:23,320
classic Italian tablecloth, you know, with the designs on it.

1015
00:57:23,360 --> 00:57:25,760
Her she's got all kinds of shit going on upstairs,

1016
00:57:26,159 --> 00:57:29,320
you know. The MRI. When they took an MRI of

1017
00:57:29,320 --> 00:57:32,239
her brain, it looks like a fucking you know, piece

1018
00:57:32,280 --> 00:57:37,679
of gorgonzola or something with some feta anyway, But yeah,

1019
00:57:37,920 --> 00:57:42,559
it's nuts. It's nuts that like that. You can't that

1020
00:57:42,559 --> 00:57:46,199
that it's legal to feed these feral animals that prey

1021
00:57:46,320 --> 00:57:50,239
on not only prey on endangered wildlife, but are shitting

1022
00:57:50,400 --> 00:57:54,800
into the ocean too, and like spreading parasites Toxoplasma gania.

1023
00:57:54,840 --> 00:57:57,960
The only place that can sectually reproduce is in the

1024
00:57:57,960 --> 00:58:00,760
gut of a cat, of a feline, so it can

1025
00:58:00,800 --> 00:58:03,920
also infect mountain lions and bobcats too. Obviously they don't

1026
00:58:04,000 --> 00:58:06,840
they don't have those in Hawaii. But you know, and

1027
00:58:07,679 --> 00:58:09,599
one of the things these feral cat nut jobs always

1028
00:58:09,599 --> 00:58:11,440
say is you can always you can get you can

1029
00:58:11,639 --> 00:58:16,440
contract taxo plasma from eating undercock's meat. Well, how do

1030
00:58:16,480 --> 00:58:19,639
you think that? How do you think the livestock whose

1031
00:58:19,679 --> 00:58:21,760
meat you're eating got got it in the first place.

1032
00:58:21,760 --> 00:58:26,719
They contracted Toxoplasma gandhiy from inhaling catshit or drinking water

1033
00:58:26,760 --> 00:58:30,599
with catsit in it anyway. But yeah, so that's currently

1034
00:58:30,599 --> 00:58:34,000
going on Hawaii, and I guess they're trying to, uh,

1035
00:58:34,079 --> 00:58:36,719
you know, wildlife conservations are trying to pass a bill

1036
00:58:37,119 --> 00:58:41,039
that would make feeding illegal and these somebody's fucking cat

1037
00:58:41,119 --> 00:58:44,039
ladies are gonna lose their mind, which is hilarious. I wish,

1038
00:58:44,119 --> 00:58:46,400
I wish I could get it on tape because it's

1039
00:58:46,400 --> 00:58:50,159
so funny. It's so it's fucking amazing to watch them

1040
00:58:50,199 --> 00:58:52,880
spin their wheels. I mean, I can just read, I'll

1041
00:58:52,960 --> 00:58:57,320
type in all caps, you know, just humans are the problem.

1042
00:58:57,599 --> 00:59:02,239
Bis of shit, You fucking asshole, a fucking ceial, gonna

1043
00:59:02,280 --> 00:59:08,199
be a fucking serial killing You'll like cats anyway, cock

1044
00:59:08,280 --> 00:59:12,840
city on my coast. Okay, so where were we so

1045
00:59:12,960 --> 00:59:16,079
Landrobracket Klyx. Oh, yeah, I was gonna. I was talking

1046
00:59:16,079 --> 00:59:20,239
about that plant trema which is in cannabase and uh,

1047
00:59:20,360 --> 00:59:23,800
Trima micrantham in this case, and it's u Supposedly there's

1048
00:59:23,800 --> 00:59:30,159
an article that came out in Nature saying Trima trima

1049
00:59:30,280 --> 00:59:33,760
micranthum has emerged as a promising new source of cannabinoids,

1050
00:59:33,840 --> 00:59:39,480
including cannabideo CBD. Given the substantial medicinal demand for cannabinoids

1051
00:59:39,480 --> 00:59:42,599
and the regulatory challenges associated with cannabis sativa due to

1052
00:59:42,599 --> 00:59:48,480
the presence of nine tetrahydro cannabinol Delta nine, this study

1053
00:59:48,559 --> 00:59:51,719
sought to explore the presence of CBD, TAC and their precursors.

1054
00:59:52,320 --> 00:59:54,039
All right, we'll skip to the results. We don't need

1055
00:59:54,039 --> 00:59:56,000
to read about the methodology. You can look up the

1056
00:59:56,000 --> 00:59:59,280
paper if you want. Uh, but results in discussion. Fytal

1057
00:59:59,360 --> 01:00:04,599
cannabinoids usually biosynthesized as acids. Neutral forms are produced through

1058
01:00:04,679 --> 01:00:09,719
non enzymatic decarboxylation. Nice That nice, wasn't I added that

1059
01:00:09,760 --> 01:00:11,639
in at the end. That wasn't. That's not in the paper.

1060
01:00:12,360 --> 01:00:19,360
Cannabig girl, canna bid canna bid gyro lick, canna bid

1061
01:00:19,440 --> 01:00:23,119
gerro lick. What the fuck is that? Cannabig geralic acid

1062
01:00:23,519 --> 01:00:27,920
is the CBGA that's just called CBGA is the bioprecursor

1063
01:00:27,960 --> 01:00:30,000
of other acidic cannabinoids and the plants, which is delta

1064
01:00:30,079 --> 01:00:36,159
nine THHC and cannabi cannabidiolic acid. These substances give rise

1065
01:00:36,199 --> 01:00:41,440
to their respective neutral forms THHC and cbd. Subsequentially, isomerization

1066
01:00:41,639 --> 01:00:45,119
and oxidation products are formed in the present study to

1067
01:00:45,199 --> 01:00:48,800
confirm the presence and estimate the concentration of the cannabidoids cbd,

1068
01:00:48,920 --> 01:00:55,039
thhc cbda, and thhd aa in trema micrantham, its fruits inflorescences, branches,

1069
01:00:55,079 --> 01:01:00,320
and leaves were analyzed, the extracts were obtained. Following we

1070
01:01:00,440 --> 01:01:03,920
could get to the fucking point. Come on, I thought

1071
01:01:03,920 --> 01:01:08,239
this was the results. This is brutal, and they got

1072
01:01:08,400 --> 01:01:10,559
they got some nice grapts. Okay, there we go. Conclusion

1073
01:01:10,599 --> 01:01:14,760
analytical methods using high resolution mass spec allowed the identification

1074
01:01:14,840 --> 01:01:18,119
of previously undetected cannabinoids in trima micranthum. The use of

1075
01:01:18,199 --> 01:01:23,440
standards for cbd, thhc, ZBDA, and thhc AA facilitated excellent

1076
01:01:23,480 --> 01:01:27,519
resolution of the cannabinoid isomers with realt well resolved peaks

1077
01:01:27,599 --> 01:01:30,719
for the neutral compounds. It means it was detected CBD

1078
01:01:30,880 --> 01:01:35,320
and THHC and their ascidic precursors. Consequently, the identification of

1079
01:01:35,320 --> 01:01:39,719
cannabinoids and the samples were achieved through accurate mass attention time. Okay,

1080
01:01:39,760 --> 01:01:42,920
so it sounds like maybe they can use trema for this,

1081
01:01:43,000 --> 01:01:45,000
which again it's a pioneer plant and it's a tree,

1082
01:01:45,039 --> 01:01:50,280
and it can grow a lot, a lot faster. Okay,

1083
01:01:50,320 --> 01:01:53,920
and I guess, I guess trima is uh. I guess

1084
01:01:53,920 --> 01:01:56,679
the berries are not edible. They're bird dispersed, but there's

1085
01:01:57,159 --> 01:02:00,360
some metabolite in there, or some compound in there that

1086
01:02:01,199 --> 01:02:06,320
is not palatable to people that the humans metabolize. It

1087
01:02:06,360 --> 01:02:09,480
can be somewhat toxic supposedly. And then there's other species

1088
01:02:09,519 --> 01:02:12,320
of trema that I thought, wait, that makes sense. You know,

1089
01:02:12,440 --> 01:02:17,639
the birds have different much different metabolisms and digestive systems

1090
01:02:17,639 --> 01:02:19,360
and humans. So that's why you know you're gonna poison

1091
01:02:19,360 --> 01:02:21,480
yourself with berries. It's going to be a berrier that

1092
01:02:21,559 --> 01:02:23,840
was meant to be dispersed by birds that involved with

1093
01:02:24,320 --> 01:02:29,360
bird dispersal, but not mammal dispersal, so you know. But anyway,

1094
01:02:29,440 --> 01:02:32,719
so these these compounds THHC and CBD are are in

1095
01:02:32,760 --> 01:02:37,559
this plant in low quantities. So you bry me like

1096
01:02:37,599 --> 01:02:39,639
a dump truck load to make some sort of gummy

1097
01:02:39,719 --> 01:02:42,079
or so. I don't know. Some company just sent me

1098
01:02:42,119 --> 01:02:45,840
a yerba mate THHC drink and I was smart enough

1099
01:02:45,880 --> 01:02:49,639
to pour out half of it. Because I don't smoke weed,

1100
01:02:49,719 --> 01:02:52,760
I don't really get but I must have gotten dose

1101
01:02:52,800 --> 01:02:55,440
with like three milligrams and it actually was really really

1102
01:02:55,519 --> 01:02:58,000
pleasant as I went on a bike ride with my

1103
01:02:58,119 --> 01:03:02,599
daughter and then we went to the playground and uh,

1104
01:03:02,800 --> 01:03:05,960
but I definitely did not you know, towards the end,

1105
01:03:05,960 --> 01:03:07,400
I was ready to get off. I was ready to

1106
01:03:07,400 --> 01:03:10,480
get off the merry ground figuratively speaking, which is how

1107
01:03:10,519 --> 01:03:12,480
I feel about weed in general. I don't like you know,

1108
01:03:12,960 --> 01:03:14,920
once in a while, it's nice, shakes you out of

1109
01:03:14,960 --> 01:03:17,719
a gets you to look at yourself, you know, can

1110
01:03:17,760 --> 01:03:20,239
almost be mildly psychedelic. A little bit of self insight,

1111
01:03:20,280 --> 01:03:23,280
gets some compassion, calmed down at the end of the day,

1112
01:03:23,480 --> 01:03:26,639
feels really good to stretch. But I don't know how

1113
01:03:26,639 --> 01:03:28,639
people do that ship every day. No offense to anybody

1114
01:03:28,679 --> 01:03:30,719
who does. But if you do do it every day,

1115
01:03:30,719 --> 01:03:32,880
maybe you want to think about, you know, cutting down

1116
01:03:32,920 --> 01:03:36,599
a little bit. You know. Anyway, So let's uh another

1117
01:03:36,800 --> 01:03:39,480
We're gonna take a break from from Costa Rican cloud forest.

1118
01:03:39,480 --> 01:03:44,320
We're going to talk about Uno confused about resident she

1119
01:03:44,440 --> 01:03:46,239
lean young. Her front yard.

1120
01:03:46,119 --> 01:03:49,559
Speaker 1: Is beautiful, It's a very natural long island.

1121
01:03:51,079 --> 01:03:54,360
Speaker 2: You got a native plant. It's not just some correct

1122
01:03:54,480 --> 01:03:57,679
they don't like, but her village mayors. Is it very

1123
01:03:57,920 --> 01:04:01,280
It looks like he manages quiznos. Yeah, so this guy

1124
01:04:01,320 --> 01:04:04,320
looks like he manages a quiznos. He's wearing some slacks,

1125
01:04:04,519 --> 01:04:08,199
he's wearing some navy slacks, some dockers. He's standing in

1126
01:04:08,199 --> 01:04:10,920
front of what appears to be a mural in the

1127
01:04:10,920 --> 01:04:13,719
city hall building. Where is this in Long Island. I've

1128
01:04:13,719 --> 01:04:15,239
never been to Long Island. It looks like a place

1129
01:04:15,280 --> 01:04:17,360
I probably get kicked out of, or you know, get

1130
01:04:17,440 --> 01:04:20,039
into a fight with someone. And he's wearing a nice

1131
01:04:20,079 --> 01:04:24,039
blue button down shirt. Again, looks like he manages a quiznos.

1132
01:04:24,400 --> 01:04:27,800
Looks you know, slightly overweight. He's got some fucking extra

1133
01:04:27,920 --> 01:04:32,280
jowlage in there, and uh widows peak and he he's

1134
01:04:32,440 --> 01:04:34,440
Let's see, let's hear what this guy has to say,

1135
01:04:34,639 --> 01:04:37,119
this purveyor of fine taste. Let's hear what he's got

1136
01:04:37,119 --> 01:04:39,639
to say about this woman's native plant gard. You right here,

1137
01:04:39,679 --> 01:04:43,840
we go see's it very differently? When ugly? Is that overwhelming?

1138
01:04:43,960 --> 01:04:45,800
You have to call it what it is. That front

1139
01:04:45,840 --> 01:04:49,559
yard looks hideous. It's the out That front yard looks hideous.

1140
01:04:49,800 --> 01:04:53,199
Dad looks hideous. I said, wow, how can he dead?

1141
01:04:53,239 --> 01:04:57,039
Front yard looks hideous? I mean, with all due respect

1142
01:04:57,079 --> 01:05:00,480
for fuck's sake, for I mean, it's freaking hideous. What

1143
01:05:00,519 --> 01:05:03,239
are you doing over you? It looks freaking hideous. Now

1144
01:05:03,360 --> 01:05:06,400
my rectum is bleeding. I got, I got, I've got

1145
01:05:06,559 --> 01:05:09,480
horrible hemorrhoids. I've been eating to a lot of try tip,

1146
01:05:09,760 --> 01:05:12,639
a lot of summer sausage. It is this summer. I

1147
01:05:12,719 --> 01:05:15,360
believe in doing things for the right season. You know.

1148
01:05:15,639 --> 01:05:17,559
I ate a roast last night. I just live on

1149
01:05:17,599 --> 01:05:20,239
a diet of meat and mayonnaise in butter. Huh, you're

1150
01:05:20,280 --> 01:05:23,480
fucking sicko. Huh. Well, you you know, like lawns. Hey,

1151
01:05:23,519 --> 01:05:26,679
you're fucking sicico. You have fun with the ticks. This

1152
01:05:26,760 --> 01:05:28,400
is the kind of This is the kind of shit

1153
01:05:28,719 --> 01:05:30,920
you get from the cult of the lawn. And it's

1154
01:05:30,960 --> 01:05:35,079
so hard for me to especially to not to not

1155
01:05:35,159 --> 01:05:37,400
get into with these people, like when they comment on

1156
01:05:37,440 --> 01:05:41,559
something on a face crook that that venue. You know.

1157
01:05:41,639 --> 01:05:44,360
I do Facebook for the for the I don't know

1158
01:05:44,400 --> 01:05:46,519
why I'm on a Facebook pat I don't have a

1159
01:05:46,519 --> 01:05:48,559
personal page, but of course I do the crime pace page,

1160
01:05:48,559 --> 01:05:52,920
and I put a photo of a native plant guarden

1161
01:05:52,920 --> 01:05:54,760
that was featured and Kill Your Lawn season two, which

1162
01:05:54,800 --> 01:05:57,519
of course no one can watch. Someone needs to pirate that. Well,

1163
01:05:57,519 --> 01:05:59,800
someone pirate that. They had somebody put it up on

1164
01:05:59,840 --> 01:06:03,719
you Tube, and then earth X the network that they

1165
01:06:03,800 --> 01:06:05,599
might as well. They might as well have just buried

1166
01:06:05,639 --> 01:06:07,599
the fucking show under one hundred feet of concrete, like

1167
01:06:07,679 --> 01:06:12,880
buried the the hard copy tapes, because you know no

1168
01:06:12,920 --> 01:06:15,519
one can watch it. But I think you can watch

1169
01:06:15,519 --> 01:06:17,880
it if you sign up for Filo or some other

1170
01:06:18,000 --> 01:06:22,440
weird named app streaming app, but watch it with ads.

1171
01:06:22,440 --> 01:06:26,719
But anyway, it was on YouTube for a while, and

1172
01:06:26,760 --> 01:06:30,320
then now now the show is in the YouTube AI

1173
01:06:30,639 --> 01:06:33,320
copyright detection, so if anyone tries to upload it might

1174
01:06:33,440 --> 01:06:36,599
just get struck down again. They came after promotional videos.

1175
01:06:36,599 --> 01:06:39,519
They said I could put up anyway, so I think

1176
01:06:39,559 --> 01:06:41,599
torrents are what you got to do. But either way,

1177
01:06:42,280 --> 01:06:47,239
one of the yards that was featured in there was

1178
01:06:47,239 --> 01:06:51,360
was my mom went by it, so I guess it's

1179
01:06:51,400 --> 01:06:53,400
been two years now, no a year and a half.

1180
01:06:53,440 --> 01:06:55,320
She went by it the other day. It looks fucking great.

1181
01:06:55,320 --> 01:06:57,280
She took send me a bunch of photos. I put

1182
01:06:57,320 --> 01:06:59,880
that up on the Facebook page, you know, for the

1183
01:07:00,039 --> 01:07:02,239
boomers and shit and whoever else. I don't know who

1184
01:07:02,280 --> 01:07:05,360
looks at Facebook. You know it is it's addictive. It

1185
01:07:05,400 --> 01:07:08,599
is meant to suck you in watching videos of whatever

1186
01:07:08,719 --> 01:07:13,519
dumb shit they put up there. But you know, but anyway,

1187
01:07:13,559 --> 01:07:16,079
and I posted the photos because the yard looks fucking great.

1188
01:07:16,079 --> 01:07:19,000
There's Joe Pieweed, you trochy him everywhere, there's fucking big

1189
01:07:19,079 --> 01:07:23,039
sylph you know, Sylphian portfoliate, a Midwest Prairie native plant garden.

1190
01:07:23,440 --> 01:07:25,719
And of course there's always that one guy. He looks

1191
01:07:25,760 --> 01:07:28,440
much like the guy who commented, looks like he manages

1192
01:07:28,440 --> 01:07:31,719
a Quiznos too, or a fucking Papa John's. You know, no,

1193
01:07:31,760 --> 01:07:34,800
there's no shade to these establishments. I wouldn't eat there,

1194
01:07:34,840 --> 01:07:38,119
but you know, uh, you know, unless someone was, you know,

1195
01:07:38,280 --> 01:07:40,440
threatening me with putting the red hot poker in my ass.

1196
01:07:40,440 --> 01:07:43,480
But either way, you know, the look right. Or maybe

1197
01:07:43,480 --> 01:07:45,800
it manages pay Less shoe store. You remember pay Less

1198
01:07:45,800 --> 01:07:47,760
shoe store at Old Shaine. I think they're out of business.

1199
01:07:47,760 --> 01:07:50,239
I don't know, but they got he's got that look

1200
01:07:50,280 --> 01:07:51,840
to him, and he was, you know comment thinking would

1201
01:07:51,840 --> 01:07:54,480
have fun with all the vermin I just you know

1202
01:07:54,679 --> 01:07:57,639
this again, this this idea. You're so afraid of nature.

1203
01:07:57,679 --> 01:08:00,840
You're fucking moron, you know. I gotta com I get

1204
01:08:00,840 --> 01:08:03,840
worked up. I said, Maybe he's not a moron. It's

1205
01:08:04,000 --> 01:08:07,760
impolite to in sell people. Maybe he's just has had

1206
01:08:07,800 --> 01:08:11,280
a different experience than you. I don't know. He's a

1207
01:08:11,320 --> 01:08:14,119
fucking jab anyway, fucking jag off. So this you know,

1208
01:08:15,480 --> 01:08:18,199
and he's this guy's like, I like mowing. How do

1209
01:08:18,239 --> 01:08:21,079
you like? You know? It's fine? I said, why do

1210
01:08:21,119 --> 01:08:23,960
you comment to you? Obviously don't follow the page in

1211
01:08:24,000 --> 01:08:26,560
the first place. I mean, you certainly don't look like it.

1212
01:08:26,600 --> 01:08:28,600
How to fuck how'd you get here? And why not

1213
01:08:28,720 --> 01:08:31,960
you commenting? Like, don't comment? I'm gonna I'm gonna mouth

1214
01:08:32,000 --> 01:08:34,079
off to you. If you not, you must not know me.

1215
01:08:34,439 --> 01:08:36,159
Now I'm gonna mouth off to you and all the

1216
01:08:36,239 --> 01:08:39,399
dumb shit. It just it's crazy. Blows my mind. The

1217
01:08:39,720 --> 01:08:43,720
fucking cult of the lawn thinking that nature is messy, Like,

1218
01:08:43,800 --> 01:08:46,760
tell me you don't go outside you know, or better yet,

1219
01:08:46,840 --> 01:08:50,439
name five native shrubs in your area. I know more

1220
01:08:50,439 --> 01:08:54,319
about your own fucking region than you do. Huh, Johnny boy,

1221
01:08:54,479 --> 01:08:59,359
fucking Bob Derret. What's what's his name? Bob Steve John?

1222
01:08:59,439 --> 01:09:02,279
I don't fuck no, you know these guys, these fucking guys,

1223
01:09:02,319 --> 01:09:07,720
these fucking American guys. Ah. Anyway, manage a quiz noos,

1224
01:09:07,760 --> 01:09:10,359
that's what you were born to do. Manage the benigans.

1225
01:09:10,479 --> 01:09:14,720
They still have benigans. Manage a uh TGI Fridays or

1226
01:09:14,720 --> 01:09:18,439
Applebee's or something. You know. My friend Benny told me

1227
01:09:18,479 --> 01:09:20,039
one story. One time when he was a kid, he

1228
01:09:20,119 --> 01:09:22,199
jacked off under the table at apple Isn't that sick?

1229
01:09:22,319 --> 01:09:23,920
Kind of sick? Fuck? I don't know why that came up,

1230
01:09:24,000 --> 01:09:26,000
But now whenever I hear the word Applebee's, I think

1231
01:09:26,000 --> 01:09:28,800
of that. I think if Benny jacking off under a

1232
01:09:28,840 --> 01:09:31,159
table when he was like that, it's horrible. It's isn't

1233
01:09:31,159 --> 01:09:33,840
that terrible? Who does that? But I guess that's what

1234
01:09:33,880 --> 01:09:36,520
Applebee's are for anyway, they're not. It's it's you don't

1235
01:09:36,560 --> 01:09:42,439
go there anyway. Yeah, So this that that sets me off.

1236
01:09:42,680 --> 01:09:44,880
But it's the tide is changing at the same time too.

1237
01:09:44,920 --> 01:09:47,640
There's a lot more people doing this because it feels good,

1238
01:09:48,159 --> 01:09:50,720
and it really does. You just gotta you know. And

1239
01:09:50,720 --> 01:09:53,640
now my yard is at the point too, where again

1240
01:09:53,760 --> 01:09:56,399
it's it's ecological secession. I'm in the third year of

1241
01:09:56,439 --> 01:09:59,680
secession here, I'm starting to remove certain trees when other

1242
01:09:59,720 --> 01:10:02,000
trees get big. I planted dense, knowing I'm gonna have

1243
01:10:01,960 --> 01:10:05,880
to remove shit later on, limbing stuff up, raising the canopy.

1244
01:10:06,000 --> 01:10:09,119
So it's you can walk under there, and it's beauty,

1245
01:10:09,159 --> 01:10:11,880
it's lovely. It's I got, you know, no hot sun

1246
01:10:11,960 --> 01:10:13,840
baking the ground. That's the main thing where I live.

1247
01:10:13,880 --> 01:10:16,399
You want to get that sun hitting the leaves, not

1248
01:10:16,479 --> 01:10:18,640
the ground, because when they hit the ground, that's when

1249
01:10:19,239 --> 01:10:22,399
you get that heat charge, that heat battery effect. You know,

1250
01:10:22,479 --> 01:10:26,520
the ground turns into a space heater. So anyway, this

1251
01:10:26,640 --> 01:10:29,239
is this is change. It's the prairie shit, especially man

1252
01:10:29,960 --> 01:10:33,159
seeing all those because prairies are dense, but everything dies

1253
01:10:33,199 --> 01:10:35,279
by November, and then of course it would be burned

1254
01:10:35,319 --> 01:10:39,479
by indigenous people or or just slowly decomposed and build

1255
01:10:39,479 --> 01:10:41,560
that wonderful black soil that made it on the chopping

1256
01:10:41,600 --> 01:10:44,520
block for soybean and corn farms by a honkey duck

1257
01:10:44,520 --> 01:10:50,279
cult later on, you know what I mean. So you know,

1258
01:10:51,199 --> 01:10:53,039
to see the density of a prairie and just think

1259
01:10:53,079 --> 01:10:56,279
it's messy, and there's ticks. You know, the ticks are

1260
01:10:56,279 --> 01:10:58,920
out of control because of fire suppression and overpopulation, a

1261
01:10:59,000 --> 01:11:03,640
deer and eradication the predators. Horrible management, horrible bad land management,

1262
01:11:03,680 --> 01:11:10,800
ecologically illiterate and intellectually you know, depoperate land management. You

1263
01:11:10,800 --> 01:11:14,720
know that's discordant with reality. Fire suppression, eradication of predators,

1264
01:11:15,000 --> 01:11:18,000
and not managing deer populations. You gotta colum. There's too

1265
01:11:18,079 --> 01:11:22,119
many deer, right, that's just what happens. Kibob Plateau in

1266
01:11:22,159 --> 01:11:27,439
the nineteen thirties, famous ecological experiment, So, you know, but

1267
01:11:27,479 --> 01:11:30,520
to see that and just to have never experienced the prairie,

1268
01:11:30,680 --> 01:11:33,840
they're all gone except for like point zero three percent,

1269
01:11:34,279 --> 01:11:36,520
and then think that it's messy, that that plant growth.

1270
01:11:36,560 --> 01:11:39,800
That's fucking crazy to me. It's wild and prairies are

1271
01:11:39,800 --> 01:11:42,600
So that's some of my favorite habitat too. After deserts

1272
01:11:42,600 --> 01:11:47,640
and cloud forests and paramo, then comes prairies, prairies anywhere Argentina,

1273
01:11:48,000 --> 01:11:52,159
fucking you know, Illinois, Iowa where you can't get any

1274
01:11:52,159 --> 01:11:55,319
good acid. Who's do I know any acid chefs? And

1275
01:11:55,399 --> 01:11:59,159
iwa are there any acid chefs? And who's an acid chef?

1276
01:11:59,199 --> 01:12:01,079
And Iowa put a sh yoda. I guess I can't

1277
01:12:01,079 --> 01:12:02,760
do that. You probably don't want the heat. But you

1278
01:12:02,760 --> 01:12:05,920
know what I mean, you know, let's be honest about that, Yad.

1279
01:12:06,119 --> 01:12:09,239
You know, Yad looks hideous, okay. And you know I'm

1280
01:12:09,239 --> 01:12:12,520
no purveyor of fine taste myself, as you could tell

1281
01:12:12,960 --> 01:12:16,359
by the maronaa stains on my polo shit, yeah, in

1282
01:12:16,479 --> 01:12:19,880
my caky's, you know. And you know every time I

1283
01:12:19,880 --> 01:12:23,119
don't shake it off perfectly, I get a little dribble.

1284
01:12:23,720 --> 01:12:26,479
There's a stain there in the crotch of my khki pants.

1285
01:12:26,520 --> 01:12:28,439
My doctors you could see that right there. I got

1286
01:12:28,439 --> 01:12:31,960
some nice loafers on. But this yard looks freaking hideous.

1287
01:12:32,000 --> 01:12:33,479
I mean, let's be honest to you. What am I

1288
01:12:33,520 --> 01:12:40,560
an asshole? Eh? Yeah? God, plants are messy. Concrete and

1289
01:12:40,600 --> 01:12:43,520
asphalt is cleaning. Plants are messy. Okay. Let's get back

1290
01:12:43,560 --> 01:12:46,039
to the time. We're talking about the oak force, we're

1291
01:12:46,079 --> 01:12:51,600
talking about neotropical oaks, and we're talking about the order

1292
01:12:51,680 --> 01:12:55,960
for gailies. Let's look at the oak family, of course

1293
01:12:56,079 --> 01:13:02,199
is forgacy. Marilla is in uh uh mirror casey, which

1294
01:13:02,239 --> 01:13:05,039
is of course its own family in the uh the

1295
01:13:05,119 --> 01:13:08,520
order for gailies. Uh, and it's uh, but you know

1296
01:13:08,560 --> 01:13:11,520
a lot of them are nitrogen fixing too. Yeah, it

1297
01:13:11,560 --> 01:13:14,720
looks freaking idiots. A lot of the a lot of

1298
01:13:14,720 --> 01:13:18,319
the the members of Mirra Casey are are nitrougen fixing.

1299
01:13:18,359 --> 01:13:22,319
The wax myrtles, as they're colloquially known now, the genus

1300
01:13:22,479 --> 01:13:26,079
Morella used to be Mierica. There was Miraca californica. It

1301
01:13:26,119 --> 01:13:27,920
was the first one I learned that on the west coast.

1302
01:13:28,000 --> 01:13:30,319
You know, it's a shrub, it's got a look to it,

1303
01:13:30,359 --> 01:13:33,880
but it's in the oak order, right, just like castrie ac.

1304
01:13:34,079 --> 01:13:39,840
The she oaks which look like pines, they're all Southern Hemisphere.

1305
01:13:39,880 --> 01:13:45,279
Just like the oaks the beaches. The walnuts family Jugland

1306
01:13:45,319 --> 01:13:48,119
they see is in the oak order. Did you know that?

1307
01:13:48,199 --> 01:13:52,319
Did you know walnuts and pecans are related to the

1308
01:13:52,439 --> 01:13:56,880
oaks Southern beaches, not the fagacy those of course Southern Hemisphere.

1309
01:13:57,479 --> 01:14:01,520
And yeah, Mirra Casey and the birch family libulecy birches,

1310
01:14:01,920 --> 01:14:04,720
which is uh, that's what allness is in. It's what

1311
01:14:04,800 --> 01:14:08,279
all alders are in. Alder is A is a ruteral

1312
01:14:08,880 --> 01:14:12,880
plant too, it's a pioneer species in uh, Costa Rica,

1313
01:14:13,039 --> 01:14:16,319
and then of course you get one. What do you

1314
01:14:16,319 --> 01:14:18,760
get in Columbia? Is that that's all? That's acumen? Out

1315
01:14:18,800 --> 01:14:22,359
of the two most common members of the order for

1316
01:14:22,479 --> 01:14:25,479
galilies in Colombia, which is as far south as oaks go,

1317
01:14:25,600 --> 01:14:28,640
I think Alders might go a little bit further south

1318
01:14:28,640 --> 01:14:31,319
thn Columbia. How far down to Alders going to South America,

1319
01:14:31,359 --> 01:14:35,560
I don't know, But the two dominant members of fagalies

1320
01:14:35,560 --> 01:14:37,800
are the Andy and oak Corcus HUMBOLTI, I boy, I

1321
01:14:37,920 --> 01:14:41,840
love the seed, ohs eh. When I'm managing my apple Bee's,

1322
01:14:42,279 --> 01:14:45,199
you know, I managed I managed twenty employees in five

1323
01:14:45,279 --> 01:14:47,960
kitchen staff at the apple Bee's located off a New

1324
01:14:48,039 --> 01:14:51,560
Jersey Turnpike, where I perform auto filatio on myself in

1325
01:14:51,600 --> 01:14:54,239
a backroom. Sometimes when no one's there anymore, I go

1326
01:14:54,279 --> 01:14:57,760
into the freezer. I lock myself in a freezer. I

1327
01:14:57,840 --> 01:15:00,000
have to call somebody and him come get me out,

1328
01:15:00,159 --> 01:15:01,720
But it's all part of my kink. I locked myself

1329
01:15:01,760 --> 01:15:03,600
in a freezing and I perform auto filatio and a

1330
01:15:03,640 --> 01:15:05,880
little sling that I've got hanging up there with all

1331
01:15:05,920 --> 01:15:08,880
the frozen meats and stuff, you know, frozen meats, frozen vegetables.

1332
01:15:09,520 --> 01:15:11,479
And that's that's what I do after hours when I'm

1333
01:15:11,479 --> 01:15:13,760
managing the applebee's. But let's be let's be honest. This

1334
01:15:13,840 --> 01:15:16,960
lady's yead looks freaking I mean it's it looks freaking hideous.

1335
01:15:17,119 --> 01:15:19,520
You know, it's overgrown. It's messy. It's a messy yad.

1336
01:15:20,039 --> 01:15:22,840
It's a messy yad. Speaking of sale it, I need

1337
01:15:22,840 --> 01:15:25,399
someone to toss my sale it anyway, quirkers from both

1338
01:15:25,439 --> 01:15:29,640
the eye Andy and oak, Andy and older, all this acuminata.

1339
01:15:29,680 --> 01:15:31,520
You know it's not fair. It's not just the andies

1340
01:15:31,520 --> 01:15:35,239
because a cumenata all the older, the accuminate older. You

1341
01:15:35,279 --> 01:15:38,119
get in Costa Rica too, But this is are you

1342
01:15:38,159 --> 01:15:42,239
having your mind blown yet? Jug Lands Neotropica. The Andyan

1343
01:15:42,319 --> 01:15:50,279
walnut sounds it should be someone's nickname. Yeah, we got

1344
01:15:50,399 --> 01:15:54,800
Joey Chestnut, the Andy and walnut over here, also known

1345
01:15:54,800 --> 01:15:58,439
as the Andyan walnut. It would be like a poor

1346
01:15:58,560 --> 01:16:01,439
name or like a wrestling by away. Hulk Hogan died. Wooo,

1347
01:16:02,319 --> 01:16:05,119
what a piece of shit that guy was. Union Crushia

1348
01:16:05,880 --> 01:16:09,399
a Trump voter, a Trump uh, you know, encouraging people

1349
01:16:09,479 --> 01:16:12,199
to vote for the Orange Man and crushing unions. Do

1350
01:16:12,199 --> 01:16:14,319
you ever hear that that piece of just even Tura

1351
01:16:14,439 --> 01:16:20,600
talked about Hulk Hogan crushing unions snitching out to Vince McMahon. Crazy,

1352
01:16:20,680 --> 01:16:23,720
what a dirt bag? That makes sense? So anyway, okay,

1353
01:16:23,800 --> 01:16:27,680
so back to Colombian members of fagilias. Ooh, all this

1354
01:16:27,800 --> 01:16:30,720
glutenosa is that down there? Really that might be a

1355
01:16:30,800 --> 01:16:35,560
miss identification al faroa will yamsey eye that looks like

1356
01:16:35,880 --> 01:16:39,159
uh oh, Quirkus polymorpha. No, that's got to be planted out,

1357
01:16:39,479 --> 01:16:41,479
you gotta, I'm just looking at aina. You gotta take

1358
01:16:41,479 --> 01:16:44,399
this with a grain of salt, obviously, because Heinach will

1359
01:16:44,399 --> 01:16:48,760
show you invasive things. And oh but now they've got

1360
01:16:48,760 --> 01:16:51,800
these little up in the corner of the thumbnail for financeralists,

1361
01:16:51,840 --> 01:16:55,479
they got you know, native endangered and a pink invasive

1362
01:16:55,520 --> 01:17:00,800
flag like for the river SiOH Cassarina cunning Hemi. Cassarhinas

1363
01:17:00,800 --> 01:17:04,800
are invasive as hell in Mexico and uh in many

1364
01:17:04,840 --> 01:17:08,720
places throughout the neotropics. Anyway, this is a nice one.

1365
01:17:08,800 --> 01:17:13,920
Trigano Balinis excelsa Colombian black oak. But it's not it's

1366
01:17:13,920 --> 01:17:16,920
got different fruits that doesn't have acorns. It's a really

1367
01:17:16,960 --> 01:17:21,840
peculiar fucking what is this related to? What is Trigono

1368
01:17:21,840 --> 01:17:23,920
balanus related to? And how did it get over there?

1369
01:17:25,039 --> 01:17:27,920
Shouldn't it be, you know, because some of the uh,

1370
01:17:28,319 --> 01:17:31,760
some of them the balanus that that word balanus. Wherever

1371
01:17:31,760 --> 01:17:33,920
I see that, I've seen them mostly in Asian members

1372
01:17:34,520 --> 01:17:38,159
of UH. Let's do a little search here. Oh, that's exciting.

1373
01:17:38,239 --> 01:17:41,039
So the genus Trigono balinus, at least according to the

1374
01:17:41,039 --> 01:17:45,079
IGH naturalists, I haven't done a proper ass uh exploration

1375
01:17:45,159 --> 01:17:47,359
of the genus. This is just using II naturalists. So

1376
01:17:47,359 --> 01:17:49,399
if it's super rare and it's special, if it's a

1377
01:17:49,399 --> 01:17:52,279
species that superraria hasn't been observed, it won't be popping up.

1378
01:17:52,319 --> 01:17:56,439
But the genus Triganobalanus has two species in it, Vertissilata

1379
01:17:56,560 --> 01:18:01,439
and Excelsa. Excelsa's in Colombia and Vertilalata that only has

1380
01:18:01,479 --> 01:18:10,359
two observations on iinat is from the Melee Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi. Goddamn,

1381
01:18:10,560 --> 01:18:14,279
that sounds that sounds really fucking cool. But this is

1382
01:18:14,279 --> 01:18:19,479
a weird genus and what the what clade is it in?

1383
01:18:19,800 --> 01:18:21,640
I don't know. We're about to find out. There's a

1384
01:18:21,680 --> 01:18:27,359
paper called Phylogenomic Analyses highlight innovation and introgression in the

1385
01:18:27,399 --> 01:18:31,680
continental radiations of Pagaesi across the Northern Hemisphere. And so,

1386
01:18:31,760 --> 01:18:35,359
for those that don't know, introgression is the transfer of

1387
01:18:35,399 --> 01:18:39,119
genetic information from one species to another as a result

1388
01:18:39,520 --> 01:18:43,319
of hybridization between them and repeated back crossing. So two

1389
01:18:43,399 --> 01:18:47,840
different species are technically supposed to be unable to mate,

1390
01:18:48,039 --> 01:18:51,800
to bang and to exchange genetic information. Right, So say

1391
01:18:51,800 --> 01:18:55,720
you got you know, population A of a fish that's

1392
01:18:55,760 --> 01:18:58,359
got orange stripes on it and glowing the dark eyes,

1393
01:18:58,439 --> 01:19:01,880
and then you've got population B fish that's got spiny

1394
01:19:02,399 --> 01:19:05,720
stuff on it and you you know the environment. What

1395
01:19:05,800 --> 01:19:08,119
would be most selective is if you could combine those

1396
01:19:08,119 --> 01:19:09,880
two traits. But you can't do that. You can't get

1397
01:19:10,039 --> 01:19:12,880
get the glow in the dark eyes with the orange

1398
01:19:12,880 --> 01:19:15,920
stripes to mix with the spiny stuff on it. So

1399
01:19:16,000 --> 01:19:17,920
what are you gonna do? How are you gonna get

1400
01:19:17,920 --> 01:19:20,159
those how are you gonna give the what? You're using

1401
01:19:20,159 --> 01:19:23,640
the hybrid not you, this is what happens, but you

1402
01:19:23,680 --> 01:19:26,079
get it. Just work with me here. You're using the

1403
01:19:26,159 --> 01:19:30,479
hybrid as a medium to exchange genes so so that's

1404
01:19:30,520 --> 01:19:34,640
basically what's going on with introgression the hybrid, because a

1405
01:19:34,720 --> 01:19:37,640
hybrid will eventually be able to or in some cases

1406
01:19:37,680 --> 01:19:41,680
will eventually be able to mate with both species. You know.

1407
01:19:42,079 --> 01:19:45,960
That's that's what's going on. So you know, but two

1408
01:19:46,039 --> 01:19:48,319
species just say they can't bang for whatever reason, they

1409
01:19:48,319 --> 01:19:52,119
can't exchange genes. So it's it's back crossing. That's the

1410
01:19:52,239 --> 01:19:54,159
key word, back crossing, which is the same thing they

1411
01:19:54,159 --> 01:19:57,680
were trying to do with the American chestnut. You know,

1412
01:19:57,880 --> 01:20:03,520
they were trying to confer resistance to the Chryphenectria parasitica

1413
01:20:04,039 --> 01:20:08,199
chestnut blight fungus. The resistance is in the Chinese chestnut.

1414
01:20:08,239 --> 01:20:10,439
There's no resistance in the American chestnut. And they were

1415
01:20:10,439 --> 01:20:14,159
trying to do that by hybridizing the two and then

1416
01:20:14,279 --> 01:20:18,119
selecting the trees that looked like Americans but were hybrids,

1417
01:20:19,319 --> 01:20:22,199
you know, but they had the traits of the American

1418
01:20:22,760 --> 01:20:26,600
and the traits of the uh the tall stature of

1419
01:20:26,640 --> 01:20:29,920
the American chestnuts, but the resistance of the Chinese, and

1420
01:20:29,960 --> 01:20:33,840
then back crossing it with pure Americans until they would

1421
01:20:33,880 --> 01:20:36,399
get something that looked like an American chestnut but had

1422
01:20:37,039 --> 01:20:41,520
many of the alleles or just genes in general that

1423
01:20:41,600 --> 01:20:46,880
confer drought resistance to or not drought resistant, fungal resistance,

1424
01:20:46,880 --> 01:20:49,880
excuse me, blight resistance to the Chinese species. So basically

1425
01:20:50,079 --> 01:20:52,880
trying to get the blight resistance from the Chinese into

1426
01:20:52,880 --> 01:20:57,399
the American without you know, making a American chestnut a short,

1427
01:20:57,479 --> 01:21:02,039
squat less stature tree like the Chinese is because the

1428
01:21:02,119 --> 01:21:05,319
Chinese chestnuts don't get too big for whatever reason. I

1429
01:21:05,319 --> 01:21:07,640
don't know if that, you know, was a trait that

1430
01:21:07,720 --> 01:21:11,880
accompanied the blight resistance there just happens to be due

1431
01:21:11,920 --> 01:21:17,319
to whatever, you know, whatever benefit that might confer Chinese

1432
01:21:17,359 --> 01:21:19,680
trees in their native anyway, the fucking point is, that's

1433
01:21:19,680 --> 01:21:22,359
what introgression is. But we're not even talking about introgression now,

1434
01:21:22,399 --> 01:21:23,920
we're talking about oaks. This is just the title this

1435
01:21:24,079 --> 01:21:25,600
paper I'm about to read you, so shit the fuck

1436
01:21:25,680 --> 01:21:28,760
down and don't get too worked up, and just you know,

1437
01:21:28,800 --> 01:21:31,520
but if you're in introgression's exciting, you should read about it.

1438
01:21:32,159 --> 01:21:35,520
And that's that's basically what it is. And it's used

1439
01:21:35,560 --> 01:21:40,600
in genetics quite often, especially you know, in some plant

1440
01:21:40,640 --> 01:21:44,680
genera that are super species rich, where certain species are

1441
01:21:44,960 --> 01:21:48,880
unable you know, they're genetically isolated, they're not able to interbreed,

1442
01:21:48,880 --> 01:21:52,079
but every once in a while they can form a hybrid.

1443
01:21:52,199 --> 01:21:55,600
You know, tudas think species mate, they produce hybrid offspring,

1444
01:21:57,319 --> 01:21:59,439
though in many cases these hybrids are often less fit

1445
01:21:59,520 --> 01:22:01,960
or sterile, you know, like mules, right, mules, or a

1446
01:22:02,039 --> 01:22:06,399
hybrid and then back crossing. Occasionally a hybrid is fertile

1447
01:22:06,520 --> 01:22:08,920
enough to mate back with one of the parent species,

1448
01:22:09,680 --> 01:22:13,000
and that's when the gene transfer happens. If this happens repeatedly,

1449
01:22:13,840 --> 01:22:16,920
you know, over generation, small pieces of genetic material from

1450
01:22:16,920 --> 01:22:21,720
one species can introgress into the other species gene pool.

1451
01:22:22,600 --> 01:22:26,520
So you know, it's a way to overcome reproductive barriers

1452
01:22:26,720 --> 01:22:31,119
like why two species like a two species may not

1453
01:22:31,159 --> 01:22:35,840
be able to mate anyway, but yeah, anyway, so the

1454
01:22:36,880 --> 01:22:39,359
and it can create a third species, which is so

1455
01:22:39,399 --> 01:22:41,760
it can lead to speciation. Okay, but anyway, let's I'm

1456
01:22:41,760 --> 01:22:44,640
getting I'm fucking up here, We're getting We're getting distracted.

1457
01:22:44,960 --> 01:22:48,880
So let's go back to this paper. Northern Hemisphere forests

1458
01:22:48,920 --> 01:22:52,359
changed drastically in the early seen whoa, this is going back.

1459
01:22:52,399 --> 01:22:54,760
This is we're talking fifty five million years here, with

1460
01:22:54,840 --> 01:22:58,199
the diversification of the oak family for gacie cooling climates

1461
01:22:58,239 --> 01:23:00,760
over the next twenty million years. Fussed that spread at

1462
01:23:00,760 --> 01:23:06,640
temperate biomes that became increasingly dominated by oaks and their

1463
01:23:06,720 --> 01:23:10,039
chestnut relatives. But there's a fucking nice cladogram in this paper.

1464
01:23:10,079 --> 01:23:11,840
If you want to read this again. This is by

1465
01:23:12,520 --> 01:23:16,079
Biao feng Zhu. Apparently it's Chinese. A lot of good

1466
01:23:16,079 --> 01:23:18,520
botanists in China because they actually fund science over there.

1467
01:23:18,520 --> 01:23:21,039
I want to go over there. You know, how is

1468
01:23:21,079 --> 01:23:23,000
it over there? What they throw me in a can?

1469
01:23:23,039 --> 01:23:24,520
Over there? What do you? I don't think so. I'm

1470
01:23:24,520 --> 01:23:27,199
watching this fucking anol do push ups outside my window

1471
01:23:27,279 --> 01:23:29,439
right now? Why do they do that? It's a carolina

1472
01:23:29,479 --> 01:23:32,479
and nol too. I have carolina and cuban and noles here,

1473
01:23:33,520 --> 01:23:37,079
and uh, you know, I don't think they can Speaking

1474
01:23:37,079 --> 01:23:39,159
of introgression, I don't think they can breed, can they?

1475
01:23:39,920 --> 01:23:42,319
I don't know? It's cool though, there's okay anyway, ad D.

1476
01:23:42,520 --> 01:23:46,560
Sorry didn't take my meds today, Biao feng Zhu. Uh,

1477
01:23:46,760 --> 01:23:49,880
Phylogenomic analyses highlight innovation and introgression and the kind of

1478
01:23:49,960 --> 01:23:52,920
radiations of fagaci across the northern hemisphere. Here we use

1479
01:23:52,960 --> 01:23:57,960
phylogenomic analyses a nuclear planted genomes to investigate the timing

1480
01:23:58,039 --> 01:24:03,600
and pattern of major macro evolutionary events in ancient genome

1481
01:24:03,680 --> 01:24:08,359
wide signatures of hybridization across figaci. Do you want to

1482
01:24:08,399 --> 01:24:13,680
take a ride, We'll go get a con innovation related

1483
01:24:13,720 --> 01:24:16,840
to see this. Persia is implicated in triggering waves of

1484
01:24:16,960 --> 01:24:22,159
continental radiations, beginning with the rapid diversification of major lineages

1485
01:24:22,520 --> 01:24:28,960
and resulting in unparallel transformation of forest dynamics within fifteen

1486
01:24:29,000 --> 01:24:36,640
million years following the KPg extinction. That's the dinosaur extinction, asshole. Okay, hey,

1487
01:24:36,640 --> 01:24:38,359
if you want new windows, they're going to lead in

1488
01:24:38,479 --> 01:24:42,119
some new windows. You need some new windows insurance fraud.

1489
01:24:42,359 --> 01:24:46,439
We detect introgression at multiple time scales, including ancient events

1490
01:24:46,439 --> 01:24:49,239
predating the origin of genus level diversity. This is already

1491
01:24:49,239 --> 01:24:51,079
going to be a good paper. I'm getting fucking hot.

1492
01:24:51,600 --> 01:24:55,479
As oak lineage has moved into newly available temperate habitats

1493
01:24:56,279 --> 01:25:01,920
in the early Miocene, okay, secondary contact between previously isolated

1494
01:25:01,920 --> 01:25:05,840
species occurred. This resulted in adaptive introgression which may have

1495
01:25:05,920 --> 01:25:10,000
further amplified the diversification of white ooks across Eurasia. Eurasia. Fuck,

1496
01:25:10,159 --> 01:25:11,359
I don't want to hear I don't want to read

1497
01:25:11,399 --> 01:25:14,439
about your Asia. We're talking about the neotropics. Goddamn it. Anyway,

1498
01:25:14,520 --> 01:25:16,039
let's just skip all of this. Let's get down to

1499
01:25:16,079 --> 01:25:22,399
the clatagram. Okay, let's see Corcus. You got subgenus Carcus

1500
01:25:22,520 --> 01:25:28,039
and subgenus Cirrus, right, So it used to be that

1501
01:25:28,079 --> 01:25:30,800
these two different subgen era of oaks were. I did

1502
01:25:30,840 --> 01:25:35,199
a podcast with a gentleman on this last year. You

1503
01:25:35,279 --> 01:25:37,960
might want to go back to that. That would be

1504
01:25:38,039 --> 01:25:41,399
the because he's you know who was that, Andrew? Yeah,

1505
01:25:41,399 --> 01:25:46,239
that was Andrew Hip from August twenty second, twenty twenty four.

1506
01:25:46,760 --> 01:25:49,159
It's called oaks are the beasts of an ecosystem. But

1507
01:25:49,199 --> 01:25:52,279
we we really get into the weeds on that. But anyway,

1508
01:25:53,960 --> 01:25:55,600
so it used to be the two different subjer and

1509
01:25:55,720 --> 01:25:58,640
I think that the main morphological features are not in

1510
01:25:58,680 --> 01:26:03,520
the leaves anymore. I think subgenus Corcus is the New

1511
01:26:03,560 --> 01:26:07,960
World clade or high Latitude clade, primarily consisting of species

1512
01:26:07,960 --> 01:26:11,479
from the Americas, with a few found in Eurasia and

1513
01:26:11,560 --> 01:26:16,600
northernmost North Africa. And then you got subgenus Cirrus c. Rris,

1514
01:26:16,760 --> 01:26:21,079
which is often called the Old World clade or mid

1515
01:26:21,119 --> 01:26:25,760
Latitude clade, which is exclusively native to Eurasia and North Africa.

1516
01:26:26,439 --> 01:26:31,560
But let's go back to this that Old World New

1517
01:26:31,560 --> 01:26:34,000
World thing that still trips some people out. I think

1518
01:26:34,000 --> 01:26:36,039
I haven't heard it in a while, but it does apply.

1519
01:26:36,239 --> 01:26:39,840
Old World where humanity came from, New World, where humanity

1520
01:26:39,960 --> 01:26:43,439
migrated to. Even if you're going back to indigenous Americans,

1521
01:26:43,479 --> 01:26:45,399
there's still thirty thousand years not that long. It's not

1522
01:26:45,439 --> 01:26:48,079
that long. It's not that long compared to how ow

1523
01:26:48,479 --> 01:26:53,159
okay anyway, So where the fuck is? Uh? God, damn it?

1524
01:26:54,000 --> 01:26:56,920
Oh this really, this is a bit. It's all blurried.

1525
01:26:56,920 --> 01:27:01,399
A PDF for this beautiful philology they used is all blurry.

1526
01:27:02,720 --> 01:27:05,920
Corcus subgenus, Corcus subgenus serious anyway. Then we got no,

1527
01:27:06,039 --> 01:27:11,079
the lithocarpus, which is California tanno. Ooh it makes me.

1528
01:27:11,159 --> 01:27:14,960
That's a beautiful tree, you know, northern California. What is it?

1529
01:27:15,039 --> 01:27:18,319
Two ecotypes there was the tall one and then that weird,

1530
01:27:18,840 --> 01:27:22,640
the weird shrubby one from northern California. Uh. And they

1531
01:27:22,680 --> 01:27:24,920
got like little the acorns look kind of spiny, the

1532
01:27:25,000 --> 01:27:30,079
cap to the acorn and then we got Lithocarpus Chrysolepis.

1533
01:27:31,000 --> 01:27:35,640
Uh what is this? What what chrysil Oh yeah, Chrysolepis chrysophola.

1534
01:27:35,680 --> 01:27:41,199
Those are the chinkapins and Chrysolepis sempervirans, which I miss

1535
01:27:41,239 --> 01:27:46,159
those trees. Those were in California, too, delicious nuts and

1536
01:27:46,199 --> 01:27:48,680
they grow. They're really hard to grow. I got one

1537
01:27:48,760 --> 01:27:51,560
growing in my I collected a ship tennessees in the

1538
01:27:51,560 --> 01:27:56,159
Santa Cruz Mountains once and and grew a bunch. But

1539
01:27:56,199 --> 01:27:59,119
they're supposed to be really hard to keep alive, which

1540
01:27:59,159 --> 01:28:01,800
I think is what I experience. Then a bunch were

1541
01:28:01,880 --> 01:28:04,600
dying there was that was kind of an endangered tree.

1542
01:28:04,800 --> 01:28:08,720
Chrystlipis superveians as the dwarf one too, But they make

1543
01:28:09,000 --> 01:28:14,039
like spiny birds, you know, make spiny birds. You gotta

1544
01:28:14,039 --> 01:28:16,560
wear leather gloves, you gotta wear put your leather on

1545
01:28:17,319 --> 01:28:19,840
to take him out. God, this woman's yard looks freaking hideous.

1546
01:28:19,880 --> 01:28:23,239
It's just cool what it is. Might put my auto

1547
01:28:23,239 --> 01:28:25,920
fillatio sling on and the meat freeze at Applebee's where

1548
01:28:25,920 --> 01:28:28,640
I work, and then I'm gonna you know, they've been

1549
01:28:28,680 --> 01:28:31,279
thinking of running for maya at its town mayor Maya

1550
01:28:31,279 --> 01:28:34,319
of Long Island. What do you think of that? God,

1551
01:28:34,399 --> 01:28:37,399
this woman's yiad looks freaking hideous? Okay? And then cast

1552
01:28:37,399 --> 01:28:43,399
Anopsis castania, and and Trigono balanus that's where it is,

1553
01:28:43,439 --> 01:28:47,680
excelsa Okay. So Trigano balanus is way out there. It's

1554
01:28:47,760 --> 01:28:50,600
kind of like on its own branch. What is its

1555
01:28:50,640 --> 01:28:53,399
sister to, it's sister to the rest of the entire

1556
01:28:53,520 --> 01:28:56,520
rest of the clade. Oh, this is a this is

1557
01:28:56,600 --> 01:28:59,640
exciting now. So then you gotta think, how did Trigano

1558
01:28:59,720 --> 01:29:02,000
balance to go one species in Colombia and the rest

1559
01:29:02,000 --> 01:29:04,560
are in Asia. What's going on there? How did that

1560
01:29:04,600 --> 01:29:08,279
dispersal happen? You know we talk in like pre breakup

1561
01:29:08,279 --> 01:29:09,960
of gondwan or what this is where I like thinking

1562
01:29:09,960 --> 01:29:12,039
about how did all these things get there? Like how

1563
01:29:12,039 --> 01:29:18,319
did pectinopoti is Stanley I, you know, a Gondwanan conifer,

1564
01:29:19,279 --> 01:29:21,760
how did that get up to the highlands of Costa Rica?

1565
01:29:21,800 --> 01:29:25,840
And what Pectanopotus species once grew an Antarctica before it

1566
01:29:25,880 --> 01:29:30,760
froze over. So anyway, yeah, so that's where that's where

1567
01:29:30,800 --> 01:29:36,159
Trigono balanus is. Trigonobalanus I guess why is it called Trigonobalinus.

1568
01:29:36,720 --> 01:29:40,039
There we go. Yeah, trigon meaning three angled or triangular.

1569
01:29:40,159 --> 01:29:42,760
Sow that coming, that's what the fruits look like. And

1570
01:29:42,800 --> 01:29:45,920
then balanos meaning acorns. So it does. It looks like

1571
01:29:45,960 --> 01:29:48,039
a three angled fruit. Doesn't really look like an acorn

1572
01:29:48,079 --> 01:29:50,000
all it looks looks more like a beech fruit kind of,

1573
01:29:50,000 --> 01:29:52,720
but it's got three angles. Oh well, how about that

1574
01:29:53,479 --> 01:29:57,039
Trigonobalanus is a genus genus of three species. Yeah, there's

1575
01:29:57,039 --> 01:30:00,800
a third species that just hasn't been observed on naturalist yet.

1576
01:30:01,000 --> 01:30:03,079
What's up with the old Caucasian men hating not I

1577
01:30:03,199 --> 01:30:05,880
naturalists too? By the way, have you noticed it? I

1578
01:30:05,960 --> 01:30:11,880
noticed that a friend of mine hate was hating on it.

1579
01:30:12,079 --> 01:30:14,319
I don't fucking get it. It drives me nuts. God,

1580
01:30:14,319 --> 01:30:17,279
it's horrible that people could learn. You know, I'm gonna

1581
01:30:17,279 --> 01:30:19,520
shame that right away. I'm gonna shot all over anybody

1582
01:30:19,560 --> 01:30:24,000
who who who uh shits on? I neet? What a

1583
01:30:24,079 --> 01:30:29,079
wonderful what a wonderful platform, wonderful venue. It so goofy.

1584
01:30:29,960 --> 01:30:32,319
You know you're worried abou it's gonna give your locations

1585
01:30:32,319 --> 01:30:34,520
that you like the gate keep away or like the

1586
01:30:34,640 --> 01:30:39,039
general idea you can obscure everything you can put locations private.

1587
01:30:39,840 --> 01:30:41,600
And all the old men that ship on this don't

1588
01:30:41,600 --> 01:30:43,800
even know how it works, which also fucking drives me nuts.

1589
01:30:44,319 --> 01:30:46,640
If you're gonna shit on something, know how it works. No,

1590
01:30:47,239 --> 01:30:54,319
educate yourself about it, dummy, don't just you know, Botany's

1591
01:30:54,359 --> 01:30:59,880
only reserved for professionals and experts. Anyway. Okay, so trigon

1592
01:31:00,159 --> 01:31:02,239
balance is a gene. I'm really into this now too.

1593
01:31:02,319 --> 01:31:06,319
In Southeast Asia. Yeah, one in northern South America. That's

1594
01:31:06,319 --> 01:31:09,640
really exciting, that's cool. I want to see that Columbia here,

1595
01:31:09,720 --> 01:31:17,520
I come Colombia were coming down there. So anyway, but

1596
01:31:17,680 --> 01:31:22,239
this this this book, I was reading about it. I

1597
01:31:22,239 --> 01:31:25,199
guess from pollen. I guess you know. Oaks have been

1598
01:31:25,239 --> 01:31:29,479
in Mexico for ten million years, long time, long fucking time,

1599
01:31:29,560 --> 01:31:32,119
epicenter of diversity. That's what kind of what you would expect.

1600
01:31:32,399 --> 01:31:36,199
But oaks and olders have only been in Colombia by

1601
01:31:37,680 --> 01:31:40,880
let's see, the Isthmus of Panama is thought to have

1602
01:31:41,000 --> 01:31:44,000
closed between five and three point five million years ago,

1603
01:31:44,119 --> 01:31:47,720
not that long ago. And as it gradually closed, of course,

1604
01:31:47,760 --> 01:31:51,760
he had the Great American Interchange, which is when you

1605
01:31:51,800 --> 01:31:54,760
know plants and animals from northern hemisphere mingled with the

1606
01:31:54,800 --> 01:32:00,960
Southern hemisphere and the marsupial tiger that used to be

1607
01:32:01,000 --> 01:32:03,840
in South America one extinct and was you know competed

1608
01:32:03,880 --> 01:32:07,680
by Smilodon. Okay, I guess they're calling it the Great

1609
01:32:07,680 --> 01:32:13,159
American biotic interchanged now, Gabby, And this h it occurred

1610
01:32:13,199 --> 01:32:15,159
three million years ago, and it was, you know, one

1611
01:32:15,199 --> 01:32:19,439
of two continents when this Missispanama closed and you know,

1612
01:32:19,479 --> 01:32:23,560
I'm putting on a west side geriatric Italian, you know,

1613
01:32:23,720 --> 01:32:27,199
flea market voice right now or like the wind a

1614
01:32:27,319 --> 01:32:31,319
salesman you want to buy some windows. Anyway, it began, yeah,

1615
01:32:31,359 --> 01:32:33,520
around five to three million years ago, and it led

1616
01:32:33,520 --> 01:32:40,199
to a dramatic exchange of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, even fresh

1617
01:32:40,239 --> 01:32:43,920
water organisms between isolated continents and so it was a

1618
01:32:43,960 --> 01:32:48,600
big mix up. It was probably like a micro example

1619
01:32:48,640 --> 01:32:51,000
of what happened of what humans have done in the

1620
01:32:51,039 --> 01:32:52,960
last one hundred and two hundred years, moving shit around

1621
01:32:52,960 --> 01:32:55,560
the globe. It's moving like, you know, all these plants

1622
01:32:55,560 --> 01:32:58,479
and animals from the continents, from the European and Asian

1623
01:32:58,520 --> 01:33:02,640
continents to Northum to the Americas and you know, fucking

1624
01:33:02,680 --> 01:33:06,119
up Australia as well by you know, basically invasion biology.

1625
01:33:06,159 --> 01:33:09,479
This is like a key it's a key point. I wonder, yeah,

1626
01:33:09,479 --> 01:33:11,199
I wonder what happened because I mean a lot of

1627
01:33:11,199 --> 01:33:14,760
shit one extinct. I mean, there's you're merging the the

1628
01:33:14,920 --> 01:33:18,439
ecosystems of two continents together. Now they can and all

1629
01:33:18,520 --> 01:33:20,960
this stuff you're all put into floodgates. All this stuff

1630
01:33:20,960 --> 01:33:23,079
from North America can flood into South America, and all

1631
01:33:23,079 --> 01:33:25,960
this ship from South America can flood upward. There's gonna

1632
01:33:25,960 --> 01:33:29,640
be winners and losers. As you know, some ranges, some

1633
01:33:29,680 --> 01:33:32,159
species are gonna have both plants and animals are gonna

1634
01:33:32,159 --> 01:33:34,119
have ranges that expand, and some are going to have

1635
01:33:34,199 --> 01:33:37,720
ranges that contract. And so what happened? But I'm sure

1636
01:33:37,760 --> 01:33:41,359
there were you know, birds have always been flying north

1637
01:33:41,439 --> 01:33:45,760
and south doing the amphi tropical distribution thing. There's many

1638
01:33:45,800 --> 01:33:49,239
plant genera that occur both, you know, for example, on

1639
01:33:49,279 --> 01:33:52,920
the coast of California and the coast of Chile. Facilia

1640
01:33:53,000 --> 01:33:59,039
meant Zilia, lots of members of Baragnac. The uh, oh, god,

1641
01:33:59,119 --> 01:34:02,399
damn it, what was the what was the cryptanta? That

1642
01:34:02,520 --> 01:34:04,560
was it? I can't believe I forgot Ryptanta. I haven't

1643
01:34:04,560 --> 01:34:09,159
seen one in so long. We don't get many in Texas,

1644
01:34:09,720 --> 01:34:11,479
but you know birds have been. And then of course

1645
01:34:11,520 --> 01:34:15,159
there's like even a there's a hibiscus species in Texas

1646
01:34:15,560 --> 01:34:18,800
that is rare Hibiscus striatsking. It's a big fucker too,

1647
01:34:18,840 --> 01:34:22,000
and get like ten feet tall that grows in their

1648
01:34:22,039 --> 01:34:25,720
corpus christie. And also occurs in like a bog some

1649
01:34:25,840 --> 01:34:29,960
bog areas in Argentina, not bog marshy areas in Argentina.

1650
01:34:30,600 --> 01:34:33,840
So you know, one example, there's quite a few others,

1651
01:34:34,319 --> 01:34:37,640
so but always at similar latitudes, and then nowhere in between,

1652
01:34:37,800 --> 01:34:41,880
you know, like thirty degrees north, thirty degrees south, et cetera.

1653
01:34:41,960 --> 01:34:44,319
But that you know, now when you're collect connecting land,

1654
01:34:44,359 --> 01:34:46,119
now you're can have a lot more transfer. And then

1655
01:34:46,119 --> 01:34:49,680
of course there's animals moving stuff, and they're fur whatever

1656
01:34:49,760 --> 01:34:52,119
moving seeds in their first So anyway, the Great American

1657
01:34:52,640 --> 01:34:58,119
Biotic Interchange, significant geological and biological event curred three million

1658
01:34:58,199 --> 01:35:02,079
years ago and and I think what is it. Let's

1659
01:35:02,079 --> 01:35:07,199
see here on this book. It's substantiated by the first

1660
01:35:07,279 --> 01:35:11,920
appearance date of two trees, allnu and Qurcas, and that's

1661
01:35:11,960 --> 01:35:15,880
when they reached south America. The funds of one pollen

1662
01:35:15,960 --> 01:35:18,479
record from the basin of Bogota shows that all this

1663
01:35:18,640 --> 01:35:22,239
immigrated in this area about one point one million years

1664
01:35:22,239 --> 01:35:27,199
before present and Quarcas around four hundred and seventy thousand

1665
01:35:27,279 --> 01:35:30,640
years before present. And I guess is this is measured

1666
01:35:30,680 --> 01:35:34,960
from fossil pollen. Yeah, pollen, some micro fossils of pollen

1667
01:35:35,119 --> 01:35:37,880
very reliable, so we know that not the vegas used

1668
01:35:37,920 --> 01:35:41,039
to grow or was growing in an arcticle until about

1669
01:35:41,039 --> 01:35:45,159
two million years ago when it finally got clipped out. Okay,

1670
01:35:45,239 --> 01:35:47,119
let's take a break because I know, you know we're

1671
01:35:47,119 --> 01:35:50,039
working with the short attention span generation. Let's take a

1672
01:35:50,039 --> 01:35:54,399
break to something more lighthearted and funny. And when I

1673
01:35:54,479 --> 01:35:56,840
say funny, I mean I was goddamn rolling on the

1674
01:35:56,880 --> 01:35:59,680
floor left. I couldn't stop laughing about this last night.

1675
01:35:59,760 --> 01:36:02,439
You know it is it's a it's a it's a

1676
01:36:02,560 --> 01:36:05,840
real of some lady freaking out. You know, she looks

1677
01:36:05,880 --> 01:36:08,880
like an unhealthy white woman. And there's a few of all.

1678
01:36:08,920 --> 01:36:11,800
I've seen fewd thos in my life, you know, angry,

1679
01:36:12,439 --> 01:36:15,399
these just these fucking miserable people. You could tell they're

1680
01:36:15,439 --> 01:36:18,000
fucking miserable, and you almost feel bad for them, but

1681
01:36:18,039 --> 01:36:19,920
then they act like cunt, so it doesn't matter. You know,

1682
01:36:20,000 --> 01:36:22,680
it's a non gender specific cunt. You know, if people

1683
01:36:22,720 --> 01:36:24,560
are still getting upset about that kind of thing, I

1684
01:36:24,600 --> 01:36:26,439
hope not. I hope we have a bigger fish to fry.

1685
01:36:26,439 --> 01:36:29,199
And you're not you know, you're you're, your lily white

1686
01:36:29,239 --> 01:36:31,600
thin skin. Isn't getting offended by using the word cunt.

1687
01:36:31,640 --> 01:36:33,199
You know in Australia to use the word cunter for

1688
01:36:33,239 --> 01:36:36,359
it everybody? Huh. I thought I thought I filtered most

1689
01:36:36,359 --> 01:36:38,159
of you out. I thought I turned most of you.

1690
01:36:38,239 --> 01:36:41,159
I drove you away. Anyway, Let's watch this video because

1691
01:36:41,159 --> 01:36:44,359
this is really this is funny. It starts off a

1692
01:36:44,359 --> 01:36:47,279
little upsetting and put a trigger warning in there for you,

1693
01:36:48,560 --> 01:36:51,119
but it gets really good, gets really fun. Let's watch this.

1694
01:36:51,159 --> 01:36:52,840
Here we go, where is it? Where? There we go?

1695
01:36:53,760 --> 01:36:56,199
And I got you on video that you're destroying my

1696
01:36:56,479 --> 01:36:59,000
So this lady, she looks like she's kind of gangly,

1697
01:36:59,119 --> 01:37:04,319
you're gangly, pale, this neighborhood. She's banging hammers on this

1698
01:37:04,920 --> 01:37:09,680
Latino woman's car probably got toxic playing. She looks like

1699
01:37:09,680 --> 01:37:12,439
one of the cat feeders. I'm colling.

1700
01:37:12,720 --> 01:37:13,199
Speaker 1: Don't worry.

1701
01:37:13,279 --> 01:37:16,880
Speaker 2: She probably got toxo because she's hitting the garbage can

1702
01:37:19,840 --> 01:37:23,720
because my labor has herd go back to Mexico. There

1703
01:37:23,800 --> 01:37:26,840
we go. Okay, that fits the bill I would expect.

1704
01:37:26,720 --> 01:37:30,800
Let them know that she really looks unhealthy. She doesn't

1705
01:37:30,840 --> 01:37:34,359
look healthy. And now she's in a headlock. Is that

1706
01:37:34,399 --> 01:37:47,239
a problem, motherfucker? You can over tell me she's getting

1707
01:37:47,279 --> 01:37:51,520
read the riot. She's in the headline. Off turn that

1708
01:37:51,800 --> 01:37:58,039
motherfucking hose off mother to be played with. This is

1709
01:37:58,079 --> 01:38:00,720
so good, you understand, it's so filling. I want to

1710
01:38:00,760 --> 01:38:08,000
watch this every morning. Your carpets and Becky, she called

1711
01:38:08,000 --> 01:38:08,600
her Becky.

1712
01:38:09,920 --> 01:38:11,920
Speaker 1: How sticker you oh stick.

1713
01:38:13,520 --> 01:38:15,920
Speaker 2: She's still in a headline, and then boom, she just

1714
01:38:16,039 --> 01:38:20,000
chucks her into a bush, chucks her into a bush. Boom,

1715
01:38:20,279 --> 01:38:23,199
just like that, just like she's throwing her down a

1716
01:38:23,319 --> 01:38:28,039
garbage shoot of an apartment complex. Fucking terrific. I watched

1717
01:38:28,119 --> 01:38:32,000
that probably seven times last night. I was chuckling. I

1718
01:38:32,239 --> 01:38:35,760
was laughing my ass off. God, that was good, Oh god,

1719
01:38:35,840 --> 01:38:40,319
it was good. You one more time. Thank you caught

1720
01:38:40,359 --> 01:38:43,239
the fuck out of her, put the fuck out of

1721
01:38:43,319 --> 01:38:50,600
this neighborhood, got the fucking shit, fucking ship. I think

1722
01:38:50,640 --> 01:38:53,760
this is California. Judging from the plants I see every

1723
01:38:54,199 --> 01:38:59,920
the landscaping. Just those are California horticultural atrocities or a

1724
01:39:00,039 --> 01:39:04,600
mental pillows. Spore them in her goddamn hand, and she's ault.

1725
01:39:05,000 --> 01:39:08,399
Oh she doesn't look well. She's definitely got toxo to

1726
01:39:09,079 --> 01:39:13,119
Moses brain season on video. Oh it's good. You got

1727
01:39:13,159 --> 01:39:17,439
a problem, pitch, Oh that's nice problem. Do you have

1728
01:39:17,520 --> 01:39:24,439
a problem, pitch? Do you have a problem? Motherfucker. I

1729
01:39:24,479 --> 01:39:26,640
don't know what was up with this. She was on one.

1730
01:39:26,720 --> 01:39:39,800
She did take her meds. Tell me this last time.

1731
01:39:40,399 --> 01:39:43,319
I'm only doing this twice. I promise you, I promise myself.

1732
01:39:44,039 --> 01:39:49,560
And like nine nine bitches in there she uses nine.

1733
01:39:51,159 --> 01:39:52,880
Throw her in at the bush. Here we go, check

1734
01:39:52,920 --> 01:39:57,000
her into the bush as in the whole lands. Boom,

1735
01:39:57,359 --> 01:40:00,600
just like that and through a juniper. God, that's solid

1736
01:40:00,640 --> 01:40:03,239
as hell. Okay, let's get back to the task at hand. Now.

1737
01:40:04,359 --> 01:40:07,439
You know, I spent a lot of days sucking on futs,

1738
01:40:08,439 --> 01:40:11,199
trying my water filatio sling and the meat freeze at

1739
01:40:11,239 --> 01:40:13,800
Applebee's where I work. That I mentioned, I'm running for

1740
01:40:13,920 --> 01:40:17,279
Maya next to you. Have you seen this woman's yacht?

1741
01:40:17,359 --> 01:40:19,920
I mean, hey, let's be honest about this woman's yacht.

1742
01:40:20,000 --> 01:40:23,279
It looks here to you's okay, hey, hey, okay, anyway,

1743
01:40:23,279 --> 01:40:25,399
I think we'll wrap that up there. That's a good

1744
01:40:25,520 --> 01:40:32,560
that's a good ending spot. I'm gonna be speaking ah turets.

1745
01:40:32,800 --> 01:40:36,319
Someone wrote me upset that the fucking the fucking people

1746
01:40:36,399 --> 01:40:38,279
that write me sometime, I don't get it. Someone wrote

1747
01:40:38,319 --> 01:40:41,760
me upset that I had that I joke about having turets.

1748
01:40:41,800 --> 01:40:44,239
I don't even know if I'm joking anymore. If you

1749
01:40:44,359 --> 01:40:47,000
spend any days around me, you hear the fucking singing,

1750
01:40:47,800 --> 01:40:50,560
the nonsense, the bullshit that comes out of my mouth,

1751
01:40:51,279 --> 01:40:53,840
you know, because I just don't like the silence, and

1752
01:40:53,920 --> 01:40:57,359
I like making some people uncomfortable, depending on who they

1753
01:40:57,439 --> 01:41:00,439
might be. And I just like I like a little

1754
01:41:00,560 --> 01:41:02,600
I like a little song and dance too. You know.

1755
01:41:02,720 --> 01:41:05,520
I don't know. Maybe I do have tourets. But someone

1756
01:41:05,600 --> 01:41:07,760
wrote me trying to make me feel bad about joke

1757
01:41:07,800 --> 01:41:10,239
on having thurets. I said, listen, how the fuck I

1758
01:41:10,279 --> 01:41:13,800
don't know. I don't know. Everyone's got such sensitive feeling.

1759
01:41:13,920 --> 01:41:16,199
I know this is such a cliched thing to say.

1760
01:41:16,640 --> 01:41:19,159
And this is also like a right wing talking point

1761
01:41:19,520 --> 01:41:21,479
to try and get away with saying racist shit. That's

1762
01:41:21,479 --> 01:41:23,720
obviously not what I'm doing. This is got, This is

1763
01:41:23,920 --> 01:41:26,079
fucking ridiculous, though, I'm still amazed at some of the

1764
01:41:26,119 --> 01:41:29,039
people that write me. You're you think I'm being ablest

1765
01:41:29,560 --> 01:41:32,079
towards you because you because I joke about having turets.

1766
01:41:32,600 --> 01:41:35,479
Come on one, you just you gotta fu you have

1767
01:41:35,600 --> 01:41:42,439
a funny uh disability. I'm sorry, I'm just really digging myself.

1768
01:41:42,439 --> 01:41:46,760
I'm just I'm just fucking hunkering down. I'm just doubling down.

1769
01:41:47,399 --> 01:41:51,399
I'm really settling in this. Touretts is kind of funny.

1770
01:41:51,479 --> 01:41:53,319
You could joke about it. It's fine that someone else

1771
01:41:53,399 --> 01:41:57,399
wrote me, uh saying that I shouldn't straight people shouldn't

1772
01:41:57,399 --> 01:42:01,399
wear drag. First off, I had a good ten year

1773
01:42:01,479 --> 01:42:05,520
by curious period, so fuck right off there. And in second,

1774
01:42:06,439 --> 01:42:09,319
anybody can wear a drag, you know, really, fuck you.

1775
01:42:09,800 --> 01:42:12,640
It's just that's it's unbelievable. They were They were set

1776
01:42:12,640 --> 01:42:15,720
because me and Al no actually just me dressed in drag.

1777
01:42:16,000 --> 01:42:18,079
Oh no, al did it too, when we dressed as

1778
01:42:18,119 --> 01:42:21,319
old ladies and kill your lawn, which no one can watch.

1779
01:42:21,359 --> 01:42:22,880
I don't even know where to I don't even know

1780
01:42:22,960 --> 01:42:25,840
where you can where can you even pirate that they

1781
01:42:25,880 --> 01:42:30,600
shut it down. You're really gonna get offended because someone's like, fuck, oh,

1782
01:42:31,479 --> 01:42:34,359
that is when you lose me. You know, someone needs

1783
01:42:34,399 --> 01:42:36,920
to kick in the balls or non ball whatever whatever

1784
01:42:37,199 --> 01:42:39,840
you identify as. You need a kick in your growing

1785
01:42:39,920 --> 01:42:42,239
area if you're going to tell someone they can't wear

1786
01:42:42,319 --> 01:42:44,640
drag anyway. Okay, so now that I've offended more people,

1787
01:42:45,520 --> 01:42:48,880
I'm gonna be speaking at the New Mexico Mycological Society

1788
01:42:49,600 --> 01:42:53,680
in beautiful Krout cloud Craft, which is at like eight

1789
01:42:53,720 --> 01:42:56,680
thousand feet elevation with UH and Alan's going to be

1790
01:42:56,680 --> 01:42:59,600
the Alan and Mandy are going to be the two uh.

1791
01:43:00,199 --> 01:43:02,359
I'm gonna be doing a presentation of lawn and Killing

1792
01:43:02,399 --> 01:43:06,800
and then talking about New Mexico native plants, and then

1793
01:43:06,880 --> 01:43:10,439
we're doing I think we're doing another Ecuador trip. And

1794
01:43:10,520 --> 01:43:16,800
I'm excited because there's a really cool botanist that I'm

1795
01:43:16,840 --> 01:43:19,039
gonna hit up when I'm down there. She lives in

1796
01:43:19,399 --> 01:43:24,479
Banios and she studies mo Nina, which is the genus

1797
01:43:24,560 --> 01:43:27,039
in polygalaci. It's gonna have her on the podcast. Maybe

1798
01:43:27,039 --> 01:43:29,640
I'll do what I'm down there anyway, and then we

1799
01:43:30,159 --> 01:43:32,840
got a bunch of Ecuador in my collegists are gonna

1800
01:43:32,840 --> 01:43:35,399
be working with us, and it should be a good time.

1801
01:43:35,800 --> 01:43:38,159
But we're doing another Ecuador. We're doing an Ecuador trip

1802
01:43:38,239 --> 01:43:40,720
November eighth to like twenty second. I'll be posting it

1803
01:43:40,880 --> 01:43:49,079
in Instagram stories whenever tickets are available, whenever deets are available,

1804
01:43:50,199 --> 01:43:52,359
and we're gonna be in the Parmo and then also

1805
01:43:52,439 --> 01:43:56,039
in the upper Amazon, so like thirty eight hundred feet.

1806
01:43:56,039 --> 01:43:59,800
You know, it's the tropics, So elevations everything, diversity of climates.

1807
01:44:00,439 --> 01:44:03,560
Always ask whenever someone tells you where, you know they're

1808
01:44:03,640 --> 01:44:05,439
they're telling you where something is in the triphes you

1809
01:44:05,479 --> 01:44:09,359
always got to ask what elevation at that certain latitude?

1810
01:44:09,600 --> 01:44:11,840
A wide range of elevations, and it's going to mean

1811
01:44:11,880 --> 01:44:15,479
different conditions, but certainly lots of rain. I think Novembers

1812
01:44:15,520 --> 01:44:19,760
of rainy season still probably, And so that'll yeah, that'll

1813
01:44:19,800 --> 01:44:22,560
be November eighth to like twenty first to twenty second,

1814
01:44:22,600 --> 01:44:23,960
maybe a little bit longer, I don't know, but it

1815
01:44:24,000 --> 01:44:26,000
should be fun as hell. These trips are always fun.

1816
01:44:26,079 --> 01:44:31,880
Teaching exploring turetts, which you can't joke about anymore, I guess,

1817
01:44:32,520 --> 01:44:37,760
and and singing lots of nonsense. It'll be great. And

1818
01:44:37,880 --> 01:44:40,359
then pre order for the book is going to be

1819
01:44:40,439 --> 01:44:45,680
available in August. I guess for Concrete Botany, which is

1820
01:44:45,800 --> 01:44:49,079
not due out until April, but you know, do me

1821
01:44:49,119 --> 01:44:51,239
a favoring goal, pre order it. It's really good. We

1822
01:44:51,319 --> 01:44:55,680
get in. I get into biogeography, speciation, what makes the

1823
01:44:55,760 --> 01:44:59,880
plant native versus invasive. The chapter four is all about

1824
01:45:00,079 --> 01:45:05,159
on killing and shitting on modern horticulture and horticultural traditions

1825
01:45:06,079 --> 01:45:08,920
and horticultural atrocities. And I get a little bit into

1826
01:45:08,960 --> 01:45:10,760
how I got into the body and what made it exciting.

1827
01:45:10,800 --> 01:45:14,199
I talk about the Illegal Garden and Mandela. I think

1828
01:45:14,239 --> 01:45:16,680
it's one hundred and eighty pages. I forget how long

1829
01:45:16,720 --> 01:45:18,920
it is, but it's it'll be it'll be great. I

1830
01:45:18,960 --> 01:45:20,720
think you'll like it. I think you really enjoy it,

1831
01:45:20,840 --> 01:45:24,600
so I'll cut it off. There ain't I don't know.

1832
01:45:24,600 --> 01:45:26,239
I'll check you next time. Have a good I'll be

1833
01:45:26,319 --> 01:45:28,720
on the road the next two weeks. If you want

1834
01:45:28,760 --> 01:45:31,920
to order stickers, it's twenty bucks now for nine okay,

1835
01:45:32,800 --> 01:45:36,119
and it'll be that the venmo Is Society as hell.

1836
01:45:36,920 --> 01:45:40,039
No purchase protection. Leave your full name, your address, and

1837
01:45:40,079 --> 01:45:42,279
your zip code. Some people forget the zip code. They

1838
01:45:42,319 --> 01:45:43,800
put the city in it. They put the zip code,

1839
01:45:43,800 --> 01:45:45,560
and I gotta go look it up. And it does

1840
01:45:45,680 --> 01:45:47,720
end up to be a pain in the ass after

1841
01:45:47,760 --> 01:45:52,319
a while or or it gets returned whatever, and uh,

1842
01:45:52,640 --> 01:45:53,800
and I think that's it all right, it's all I

1843
01:45:53,800 --> 01:45:57,239
gotta have Grasty diego fox up by that and I

1844
01:45:57,359 --> 01:46:02,600
have her on video. You got a problem, bitch? Is

1845
01:46:02,680 --> 01:46:06,920
there a problem? Motherfucker? You put your mother fucking shit

1846
01:46:06,960 --> 01:46:09,920
on me. I can't bitch, tell me to go to

1847
01:46:10,039 --> 01:46:16,600
fuck backs overhere, Pitch, tell me, tell me, bitch, tell

1848
01:46:16,720 --> 01:46:19,920
me now, tie that motherfucking holes off, bitch, fust shut

1849
01:46:20,039 --> 01:46:23,039
up your fucking half. Do you understand me, bitch? I'm

1850
01:46:23,119 --> 01:46:28,199
not a motherfucker to be playing with. Do you understand me, bitch?

1851
01:46:29,199 --> 01:46:31,640
So you fucked up your car, bitch, and you think

1852
01:46:31,720 --> 01:46:35,000
that shit is cute? Bitch by the day, Becky, mother

1853
01:46:35,159 --> 01:46:38,560
fucking race the bitch you praise this mother fucking I'm

1854
01:46:38,600 --> 01:46:42,000
sticking you, bitch. I'm sticking you, bitch. Do you understand me? Bitch?

1855
01:46:42,319 --> 01:46:45,960
Do you understand me? Pitch? And I got you on

1856
01:46:46,479 --> 01:46:52,800
video that you're destroying my car? Thank you put the

1857
01:46:52,920 --> 01:46:56,119
fuck out of this neighborhood, you fucking shit.

1858
01:46:57,640 --> 01:46:59,119
Speaker 1: Yep, cool Lady,