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Speaker 1: Have you ever walked into a room in your house

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perfectly comfortable, totally familiar surroundings, and just completely forgotten why

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you went in there?

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Speaker 2: Oh, absolutely all the time, right.

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Speaker 1: Or maybe you're just sitting on your couch late at night,

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totally alone, reading a book or grolling on your phone,

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and you feel a sudden, inexplicable chill.

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Speaker 2: Like a physical weight in the.

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Speaker 1: Air er exactly, not just a temperature drop, but a weight,

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the distinct prickling feeling on the back of your neck

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that someone or something is watching you.

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Speaker 2: And we all do the exact same thing when it happened.

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Speaker 1: You brush it off.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, we immediately rationalize it.

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Speaker 1: We blame our tired brains, a lack of sleep, maybe

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just a drafty window we forgot to close. We write

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it off, as you know, fatigue playing tricks on our

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mammalian threat detection software. Right, But what if that's not

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the case at all. What if that momentary glitch in

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your reality, that sudden physical weight pressing against your chest

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is actually the physical friction of an alternate universe bleeding

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into ours.

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Speaker 2: It sounds like science fiction, but the math says otherwise.

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Speaker 1: Welcome to thrilling threads. I am so intensely glad you're

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here with us, because today we are going to completely

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dismantle your understanding of the space around you.

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Speaker 2: It is truly fantastic to be here. And I have

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to say, the stack of sources we are synthesizing today

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is it's nothing short of paradigm shifting.

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Speaker 1: It really is.

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Speaker 2: Our mission for this episode of thrilling Threads is to

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examine a staggering convergence of data data that spans multiple

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historically separate disciplines.

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Speaker 1: We've got a lot of ground to cover, we do.

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Speaker 2: We are pulling directly from the European Space Agency's plank telescope,

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cutting edge quantum mechanics experiments, and the high level multidimensional

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mathematics of m.

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Speaker 1: Theory, telescopes, underground detectors, chalkboards.

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Speaker 2: Exactly all of these incredibly diverse sources are pointing toward

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a singular, terrifying but undeniably thrilling conclusion, which is our

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universe is not a sealed, safe, isolated bubble.

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Speaker 1: Wow.

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Speaker 2: It is heavily damaged. It is drowning in a chaotic,

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crowded cosmic ocean, and most importantly, it is actively colliding

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with other realities.

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Speaker 1: Hold on, I need to stop you right there, because

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the implications of that are just massive. You're saying that

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the empty space around us, the literal vacuum between stars,

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or even the space between you and your speakers right now,

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isn't actually empty.

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Speaker 2: It's not empty at.

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Speaker 1: All, and our universe isn't some pristine snow globe sitting.

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Speaker 2: On a shelf far from it.

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Speaker 1: By the end of this thrilling threads, you, the listener,

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are going to completely rethink what nothingness actually is. You're

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going to understand why gravity feels the way it does,

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and why the actual end of the universe might be

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completely terrifyingly invisible.

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Speaker 2: It's going to be a wild ride.

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Speaker 1: So let's jump right in. Let's start with the universe itself.

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We've always been taught it was this perfect, isolated system

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born from the Big Bang. But the physical data says

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there's a literal scar on the universe.

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Speaker 2: Right exactly right. To truly understand how radical this data is,

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we have to start with the foundational assumption of the

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Standard model of physics.

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Speaker 1: Okay, let's unpack this.

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Speaker 2: The standard model is the set of rules that dictates

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how every single atom in your body holds together how

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galaxies spin, how stars burn, and it relies heavily on

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a concept called isotropy. Isotropy, Yes, isotropy assumes that the

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Big Bang was a perfectly symmetrical explosion. It states that

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if you look at the universe in any direction on

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a large enough scale, the temperature and the distribution of

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matter should be exactly the same.

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Speaker 1: Right. The classic analogy here is pouring milk into a

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cup of black coffee.

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Speaker 2: That's a great way to visualize it.

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Speaker 1: When you first pour it, it swirls, right, you get

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these chaotic ribbons of white and dark brown. But if

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you take a spoon and stir it perfectly, eventually that

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mixture becomes entirely uniform.

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Speaker 2: Right, It blends completely.

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Speaker 1: There are no lumps of milk, there are no weirdly

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dark patches of espresso. It just becomes a completely smooth,

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even soup.

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Speaker 2: And that is exactly what the early universe was supposed

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to look like, a smooth, even soon loop of radiation

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with no special directions, no heavy sides, and absolutely no scars.

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Speaker 1: But the data changed.

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Speaker 2: It did. That expectation held up the entire field of

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cosmology for decades, but in twenty thirteen, the European Space

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Agency launched the Plank telescope.

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Speaker 1: And what was its goal?

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Speaker 2: His primary mission was to test this exact assumption of

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isotropy by mapping the cosmic Microwave background, or the CMB.

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Speaker 1: Which is the oldest light in existence right exactly.

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Speaker 2: It's the thermal afterglow of the Big Bang itself, frozen

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in the sky from when the universe was just three

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hundred and eighty thousand years old.

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Speaker 1: Basically a baby picture of the universe.

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Speaker 2: A very detailed baby picture, and the map the Plank

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Telescope sent back completely destroyed the idea of a perfect

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stirred cup of coffee.

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Speaker 1: It wasn't smooth, not at all.

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Speaker 2: It revealed a massive, unexplained violation of symmetry. The southern

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half of the sky is significantly colder and structurally completely

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different from the northern half.

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Speaker 1: That is just wild to me, and we should clarify

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for the listener. We aren't talking about a tiny glitch in.

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Speaker 2: The data right now, not a smudge on a telescope

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lends or a software error.

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Speaker 1: This is a physical deformity in the shape of space

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time itself. The thermal map of the oldest light in

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existence is lopsided.

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Speaker 2: It is fundamentally warped.

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Speaker 1: Imagine you are sitting exactly where you are right now,

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believing you live inside this perfectly spherical, balanced architectural dome.

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But the structural engineer comes in, runs a scan and

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proves that the entire southern wall of the building is

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warped and freezing cold.

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Speaker 2: The structure of our reality is bent.

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Speaker 1: And it gets even crazier because inside that colder southern hemisphere,

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the telescope found something even more disturbing.

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Speaker 2: The cold spot.

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Speaker 1: Yes, what physicists call the cold spot.

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Speaker 2: The cold spot is essentially a concentrated bruise on the

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fabric of reality.

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Speaker 1: A bruise. I love that description well.

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Speaker 2: In a closed thermodynamic system, where energy is conserved and

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heat naturally flows from hot areas to cold areas until

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everything's perfect equal, a spot this cold and this astronomically

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large is statistically impossible.

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Speaker 1: It simply shouldn't.

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Speaker 2: Exist, right. The fact that this specific region has refused

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to heal or equalize over the thirteen point eight billion

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years of the universe's existence suggests something incredibly profound.

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Speaker 1: That something is actively keeping it open.

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Speaker 2: Exactly, it implies our universe is not an isolated bubble

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expanding into a peaceful nothingness, but a physical object that

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has been struck by something else.

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Speaker 1: But wait, struck by what exactly? Because this is where

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my brain starts to break a little.

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Speaker 2: It's a natural reaction.

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Speaker 1: If the universe is defined as everything that exists, what

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could possibly exist on the outside to hit it? Are

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we talking about a rogue black hole or something completely

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outside of our physics?

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Speaker 2: So to figure out what hit us, astronomers pointed their

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optical and radio instruments directly at the center of this anomaly.

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Speaker 1: Which happens to be in the constellation Eridanus.

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Speaker 2: Correct. They were looking for something massive to explain this

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temperature drop, a supercluster of gala lexies, maybe a dense

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cloud of dark gas absorbing the light.

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Speaker 1: And what did they find?

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Speaker 2: Nothing? Literally nothing. They discovered the Aridanus supervoid.

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Speaker 1: And we really need to pause and appreciate the staggering

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scale of this nothingness.

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Speaker 2: The scale is hard to comprehend.

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Speaker 1: The Aridanus supervoid is a continuous, spherical region of emptiness

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that spans one point eight billion light years across.

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Speaker 2: Let that number sink in for a second. One point

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eight billion light years It.

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Speaker 1: Is the largest single structure ever identified in the history

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of astronomy. But unlike a supercluster of galaxies, this structure

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is defined entirely by what is missing.

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Speaker 2: According to the cosmological principle, matters should be spread out evenly,

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like butterscrape smoothly over toast. In a region of space

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one point eight billion light years wide, the math rigorously

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predicts we should see roughly ten thousand galaxies.

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Speaker 1: Ten thousand entire galaxies.

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Speaker 2: We should see vast gas clouds, sprawling webs of dark matter,

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and the light of trillion the pond trailer of stars.

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Speaker 1: But when we look into the air in a supervoid,

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the lights are just off. The matter isn't dim, it

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is completely missing.

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Speaker 2: It's a true void.

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Speaker 1: Imagine you are walking through a bustling, noisy, crowded city

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like New York or Tokyo. There are people everywhere, cars

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honking food vendors, towering skyscrapers, blocking out the sun. It's

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an overwhelming sensory experience. And then you take one single

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step across an intersection and suddenly you hit a block

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where everything, the buildings, the people, the sound, the atmosphere

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has just vanished.

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Speaker 2: Everything is just gone.

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Speaker 1: You aren't in a park. You are standing on cold, dead,

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empty pavement that stretches for miles in every direction. It's

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eerily silent. That is what this void is like. On

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a cosmic scale.

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Speaker 2: It contains thirty percent less matter than the rest of

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the universe.

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Speaker 1: It is this freezing, dark, barren desert sitting right in

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the middle of a lush galactic rainforest.

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Speaker 2: What's absolutely fascinating here is the physical impossibility of its formation.

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Gravity on a cosmic scale is actually a relatively weak,

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slow force.

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Speaker 1: Slow to build things.

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Speaker 2: Yes, they take immense amounts of time for gravity to

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tuget matter and clump it together into galaxies. To naturally

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clear out a space one point eight billion light years

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across to physically push ten thousand galaxies out of the

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way to create a clean void would take vastly longer

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than the current age of the universe.

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Speaker 1: So thirteen point eight billion years isn't enough.

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Speaker 2: Time, nowhere near enough. Gravity simply hasn't had enough time

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to dig a hole this big by itself. The shovel

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isn't big enough, and the clock hasn't been taking long enough.

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Speaker 1: So naturally, the skeptic in me, and probably the listener

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right now is asking, could it just be a massive fluke,

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a statistical anomaly, Yeah, a random roll of the cosmic

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dice where galaxies just coincidentally happen not to form in

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that one specific spot.

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Speaker 2: It's a completely fair question, and researchers tested that exact hypothesis.

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They crunched the numbers to calculate the statistical probability of

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avoid this large and this empty forming randomly in our

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standard model universe, and the result the answer they got

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was less than one point eighty five percent. Wow, in

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statistical physics, when you were dealing with the unimaginably massive

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sample size of the entire cosmos, one point eighty five

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percent effectively rounds down to zero.

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Speaker 1: Think about the room you are sitting in right now.

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The oxygen and nitrogen molecules in the air are bouncing

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around completely randomly. It is theoretically mathematically possible that, by

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sheer dumb luck, every single air molecule could suddenly rush

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into the top left corner of your ceiling, leaving you

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sitting in a suffocating vacuum. Math allows it that the

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odds of that happening are so infinitesimally low that you

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bet your life on it every single day without a

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second thought. The cold spot is that vacuum. The dice

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didn't just happen to roll a double six a billion

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times in a row.

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Speaker 2: Someone reached onto the table and physically turned the dice over.

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Speaker 1: Yes, exactly.

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Speaker 2: This statistical failure forces us to consider that the anomaly

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wasn't formed by internal luck. It was formed by external pressure.

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The void is a footprint.

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Speaker 1: A massive footprint.

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Speaker 2: But what makes this truly breathtaking is that this wasn't

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just an after the fact explanation physicists invented to fit

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the new data. A theoretical physicist named Laura Mersini Houghton

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actually predicted this exact specific hole in the universe seven

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full years before the Plank telescope ever launched to look

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for it.

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Speaker 1: This is the part that gives me goosebumps. She used

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string theory equations right, Yes she did. Because for a

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long time people criticized string theory as just being philosophical math.

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It felt impossible to actually test in a lab. String

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theory says our universe is made of tiny vibrating strings

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existing in ten or eleven dimensions, and that there is

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something like ten to the power of five hundred different

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ways to fold these dimensions.

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Speaker 2: An astronomical number of possibilities.

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Speaker 1: Which creates a massive, almost incomprehensible landscape of possible universes.

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Speaker 2: For decades, most physicists viewed that landscape as purely a

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mathematical abstraction, just a chalkboard list of possibilities, a quirk

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of the.

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Speaker 1: Equations, But she sought to currently she did.

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Speaker 2: In two thousand and six, Mersini Hoton published papers arguing

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that this landscape is a literal physical place. She envisioned

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our universe as just one bubble emerging from a high

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energy background, very much like a bubble of steam rising

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from the bottom of a pot of boiling water.

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Speaker 1: And if you've ever watched boiling water, you know the

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bubbles don't rise perfectly alone.

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Speaker 2: They crowd each other, They jostle for space.

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Speaker 1: And inevitably they collide.

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Speaker 2: She ran the incredibly complex equations to see what would

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physically happen if two of these massive cosmic bubbles bumped

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into each other during their early hyper fast expansion.

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Speaker 1: Phase, and her math predicted that the collision would unleash

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a massive gravitational shock wave that would push matter away

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from the point of impact. She literally made a falsifiable

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prediction years before we had the satellite data to back

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it up. She said, and I am roughly quoting the

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concept here, that if the multiverse is a real physical place,

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the upcoming Plank satellite data will show a giant void,

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a cold spot, specifically in the southern hemisphere of the

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CMB sky.

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Speaker 2: She even calculated its approximate size.

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Speaker 1: And then Boom twenty thirteen arrives, the Plank data drops,

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and the cold spot is exactly where her equations said

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it would be.

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Speaker 2: The exact size, the exact shape, and the exact temperature drop.

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Speaker 1: The odds of guessing those coordinates by accident are practically zero.

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This transformed the cold spot from a weird little data

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glitch into the very first experimental evidence of the multiverse.

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Speaker 2: We are looking at a verified crash site of two realities.

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Speaker 1: So if we connect this to the larger mechanics of

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the cosmos, we have to ask the visceral question, what

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actually happens to physical matter when it gets hit by

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the gravity of a completely different universe.

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Speaker 2: Mersini Houghton's equations describe these mechanics perfectly. When two universes touch,

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they don't smash together in shatter like glass. They interact

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through a massive gravitational transfer.

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Speaker 1: Gravity.

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Speaker 2: Yes, gravity is a uniquely persistent force. According to multiverse models,

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gravity is the one fundamental force that can leak across

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the boundary between universes.

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Speaker 1: This springs up one of my absolute favorite analogies from

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the source material because it makes this terrifying cosmic event

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so easy to picture.

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Speaker 2: The vacuum cleaner analogy.

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Speaker 1: Yes, imagine you are holding a vacuum cleaner nozzle against

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a loose sheet of fabric. The fabric represents the space

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time of our universe. The vacuum represents the immense hungry

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gravity of the neighboring universe. Right when the nozzle touches

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the fabric, it doesn't immediately rip a hole in it. Instead,

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it pulls. It creates a deep, stretched bulge. It forcefully

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sucks every loose thread, every speck of dust toward that

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exact point of contact.

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Speaker 2: And remember, in the early moments of the Big Bang,

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our universe wasn't made of solid stars and rocky planets.

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It was a fluid like, incredibly hot, dense soup of plasma.

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Speaker 1: So when this cosmic collision.

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Speaker 2: Happened, the gravity of the neighboring universe acted exactly like

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that vacuum cleaner nozzle. It grabbed onto the plasma in

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that specific southern region of our sky and pulled it

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incredibly hard.

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Speaker 1: Like drawing water up a straw.

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Speaker 2: It dragged the primordial gas, the dark matter, and the

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potential energy away from that spot, pulling it toward the

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boundary wall between the universes. It literally siphoned the building

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blocks of reality right out of our sector.

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Speaker 1: Which perfectly explains why the Aridana supervoid is so unimaginably empty.

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It isn't a quiet cosmic neighborhood where the galactic houses

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just didn't get built because of a lack of interest.

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Speaker 2: No, it's a literal crime scene.

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Speaker 1: Those ten thousand missing galaxies aren't missing because they forgot

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to form. They are missing because the raw material needed

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to construct them was violently stolen by a neighboring universe.

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Speaker 2: We are looking at a region of space that was

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cosmically strip mined by the gravity of a heavier reality

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next door.

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Speaker 1: And this raises a crucial, terrifying question. If this external

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force is strong enough to move the fundamental furniture of

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the universe, what creates the friction that stops it from

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pulling the rest of our universe down with it.

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Speaker 2: This leads us per perfectly to the work of astrophysicist

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Stephen Feenie and his team at University College London in

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twenty ten. They took a completely different, highly statistical approach

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to looking at these cosmic scars.

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Speaker 1: What were they looking for?

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Speaker 2: Well, they realized human eyes are heavily flawed. We suffer

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from peridolia.

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Speaker 1: That's our brain's tendency to see faces in clouds, whether our.

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Speaker 2: Nun right exactly, and conversely, we easily miss actual, subtle

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mathematical structures buried in noise. So Phoene's team built a

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sophisticated computer algorithm specifically designed to hunt for one distinct,

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faint shape in the cosmic microwave background. Rings. We it

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rings though, because physics is beautifully consistent, If our universe

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is a bubble in a larger multiverse, a collision shouldn't

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just leave a single, shapeless, stagnant bruise. It should leave

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a dynamic ripple.

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Speaker 1: Think about throwing a heavy stone into a perfectly still pond.

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The impact doesn't just make a hole in the water.

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It creates concentric circles that expand outward.

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Speaker 2: Exactly if the early universe was a fluid like plasma,

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a collision with another membrane should send a massive circular

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shock wave of temperature variants rippling across the cosmos.

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Speaker 1: Sophoeni's algorithms scan the entire sky tirelessly looking for these

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faint circular echoes that no human could ever spot in

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the static.

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Speaker 2: And the computer found them.

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Speaker 1: You didn't just find the cold spot.

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Speaker 2: No, the algorithm identified four distinct, massive circular patterns embedded

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deeply in the radiation of the Big Bang.

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Speaker 1: Finding four impact rings fundamentally changes the terrifying narrative of

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our existence. Think about it like this. You walk out

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to your car in the morning to go to work

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and you see a single, massive dent on your bumper.

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Speaker 2: You probably assume it was a freak accident, right.

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Speaker 1: Maybe a stray shopping cart in the grocery store parking lot,

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or someone backed into you while you were asleep. You

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write it off as bad luck. But imagine you walk

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out to your car and you find massive caved in

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dents on the hood, the passenger doors, the roof, and

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the trunk.

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Speaker 2: You instantly stop thinking about a rogue shopping cart.

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Speaker 1: You instantly realize your car has been entered into a

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demolition derby while you weren't looking. The presence of four

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separate impact rings means this collision wasn't a one off

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freak event.

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Speaker 2: Our universe is like a battered vehicle driving through a

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hailstorm of other realities.

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Speaker 1: We haven't just been hit once. We are enduring a systemic,

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ongoing bombardment. We are navigating a dense, chaotic foam where

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universes are constantly jostling, merging, and aggressively bouncing off one another.

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Speaker 2: That is a phenomenal transition into our next major revelation,

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Because if you were in a car that he's getting

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hit over and over again from different angles, eventually you

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have to accept a horrifying truth.

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Speaker 1: You weren't just parked in a bad spot.

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Speaker 2: You are actively driving into oncoming traffic. If we are

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constantly colliding with something, it implies we are moving toward it.

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And to understand this movement, we need to leave the

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ancient light of the Big Bang and look at the

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modern galaxies. We need to talk about the dark flow

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and the cosmic river.

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Speaker 1: Right, So let's look at the cosmological principle again, the

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absolute golden rule of astrophyts is. It says that on

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a large enough scale, the universe looks the same everywhere.

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Speaker 2: Matter is distributed randomly.

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Speaker 1: There are no special directions, no top or bottom, and

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absolutely no giant cosmic currents. The standard model cosmology says

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that galaxies should essentially move like bees in a swarm.

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Speaker 2: Precisely, in a swarm of bees, individual bees are buzzing

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around randomly, attracted to the pheromones of their nearest neighbors.

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Some fly left, some fly right, some dart up, some

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dive down.

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Speaker 1: But the swamp itself, as a collective macro entity, stays put.

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Speaker 2: The average net velocity the universe should be zero. The

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random motions of all those billions of galaxies should mathematically

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cancel each other out perfectly, And we measure this against

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the absolute north of our universe, the cosmic microwave.

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Speaker 1: Background, the CMB.

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Speaker 2: Again, Yes, if you are sitting perfectly still relative to

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the CMB, the temperature of that ancient light looks exactly

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the same in every direction. If you start moving, the

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light in front of you gets slightly bluer and hotter,

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and the light behind you gets slightly redder and colder

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due to the Doppler effect.

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Speaker 1: It's the exact same physics as an ambulance siren, changing pitch,

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sounding higher as it drives towards you and lower as

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it drives away.

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Speaker 2: And if this fundamental rule of random motion is wrong,

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our entire understanding and physics pretty much crumbles.

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Speaker 1: But when Alexander Kowshlinsky and his team at NASA actually

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looked at the data, they found that the swarm isn't

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buzzing randomly at all.

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Speaker 2: The cosmological principle might actually be a massive, comforting lie.

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Speaker 1: Instead of random chaos, they saw order, they saw a coherent,

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terrifying flow. It's like someone opened a window in a

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sealed quiet room and a massive, unstoppable draft is suddenly

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blowing through.

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Speaker 2: The galaxies aren't just drifting, They're being steered.

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Speaker 1: To prove this unequivocally, Koshlinsky couldn't just use the standard

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redshift of starlight, could he.

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Speaker 2: No normal redshift is contaminated by the actual expansion of

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space itself. Space stretches the light waves, which muddies the

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data about how fast the galaxy itself is physically traveling

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through that space. He needed a pristine spinometer.

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Speaker 1: Then he found one.

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Speaker 2: His team utilized a brilliant phenomenon called the kinematic Sunyazoldovitch

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effect or KSZ. This is a masterbl piece of physics.

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Instead of measuring the light emitted by the stars within

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the galaxies, they measured how the electrons and the incredibly

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hot gas of those galaxies physically interact with the photons

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of the background radiation.

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Speaker 1: Okay, let me make sure I'm wrapping my head around

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the kaz effect perfectly, because I really want to break

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this down for the listener. It is a brilliant concept.

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Imagine the cosmic microwave background as a steady, gentle rain

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of photons falling evenly across the entire universe since the.

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Speaker 2: Dawn of time, a cosmic rain.

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Speaker 1: Now, imagine a massive cluster of galaxies, this huge, violent

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ball of hot gas and millions of stars as a

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giant heated semi truck driving through that rain.

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Speaker 2: The CMB photons hit the hot gas of the galaxy cluster.

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Speaker 1: The electrons inside that gas physically scatter the photons like

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rain drops bouncing off the hot hood of the truck

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and give them a tiny energy boost exactly.

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Speaker 2: If the truck is moving towrtoise, the photons get a

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specific blue kick. If it's moving away, they get a

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red drag.

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Speaker 1: This shift has absolutely nothing to do with the universe expanding.

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It is a direct, undeniable speedometer reading of the galaxy

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cluster itself pushing through the cosmic rain.

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Speaker 2: And Kashlinsky didn't just look at one or two galaxies.

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He gathered data for roughly fourteen hundred massive galaxy clusters

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scattered entirely across the sky up to three billion light

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years away.

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Speaker 1: That sample size covers about ten percent of the entire

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visible universe.

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Speaker 2: According to the standard model, the random motions of fourteen

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hundred massive clusters should look like pure static on a graph.

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The average should be a flat, undeniable zero.

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Speaker 1: But when they process the Kaz signal, the average wasn't zero.

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Speaker 2: The clusters were moving in absolute lock step. Thousands of

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galaxies separated by billions of miles of empty space. We're

480
00:23:05,240 --> 00:23:08,240
all drifting in the exact same direction at a speed

481
00:23:08,279 --> 00:23:10,519
of nearly one thousand kilometers per second.

482
00:23:10,599 --> 00:23:12,799
Speaker 1: They weren't acting like a random swarm of bees. They

483
00:23:12,839 --> 00:23:15,759
were acting like a solid, cohesive object. Caught in a

484
00:23:15,880 --> 00:23:19,599
raging invisible river. Ten percent of the visible universe is

485
00:23:19,640 --> 00:23:21,920
moving as a single coherent body at the speed of

486
00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:22,359
a bullet.

487
00:23:22,440 --> 00:23:23,160
Speaker 2: It's staggering.

488
00:23:23,519 --> 00:23:27,400
Speaker 1: So the most obvious glaring question is where is the drain?

489
00:23:27,960 --> 00:23:30,279
If we are moving, we have to be moving towards something.

490
00:23:30,559 --> 00:23:33,400
Gravity needs a source. You don't get a current without a.

491
00:23:33,359 --> 00:23:37,319
Speaker 2: Waterfall, exactly. Astronomers plot in the trajectory of this massive flow,

492
00:23:37,599 --> 00:23:40,039
and it points directly toward its specific patch of sky,

493
00:23:40,440 --> 00:23:42,640
between the constellations of Centaurus and Hydra.

494
00:23:42,839 --> 00:23:44,519
Speaker 1: But looking there is difficult.

495
00:23:44,359 --> 00:23:49,559
Speaker 2: Frustratingly difficult, because it lies perfectly behind what astronomers call

496
00:23:49,599 --> 00:23:50,559
the zone of avoidance.

497
00:23:50,680 --> 00:23:51,720
Speaker 1: The zone of avoidance.

498
00:23:51,839 --> 00:23:55,519
Speaker 2: Yes, this is the thick, dense, dusty band of our

499
00:23:55,559 --> 00:23:58,880
own Milky Way galaxy that blocks our view of the

500
00:23:58,920 --> 00:24:02,319
deep universe behind it. It's effectively like trying to drive

501
00:24:02,359 --> 00:24:05,319
down a highway at two million miles per hour with

502
00:24:05,400 --> 00:24:08,000
a windshield completely caked in thick mud.

503
00:24:08,960 --> 00:24:12,319
Speaker 1: But using highly sensitive radio telescopes that can punch through

504
00:24:12,359 --> 00:24:17,000
the dust, they found their first suspect, the Great Attractor.

505
00:24:17,319 --> 00:24:18,119
Speaker 2: Great Attractor.

506
00:24:18,400 --> 00:24:21,160
Speaker 1: It just sounds like a sci fi villain. It's this massive,

507
00:24:21,319 --> 00:24:24,880
dense gravitational anomaly located in the Norma cluster about two

508
00:24:24,920 --> 00:24:28,039
hundred and fifty million light years away. For years, scientists

509
00:24:28,119 --> 00:24:30,720
breathed a sigh of relief. They thought, Okay, mystery solved.

510
00:24:30,720 --> 00:24:33,039
We're just falling into a local cosmic pothole.

511
00:24:33,359 --> 00:24:36,279
Speaker 2: But when they finally upgraded their instruments and calculated the

512
00:24:36,319 --> 00:24:39,319
true mass of the Great Attractor, the math totally broke.

513
00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:42,440
Speaker 1: It's huge, yes, but it is nowhere near strong enough

514
00:24:42,440 --> 00:24:44,839
to drag ten percent of the visible universe at one

515
00:24:44,839 --> 00:24:48,119
thousand kilometers per second, not even close. It's the equivalent

516
00:24:48,160 --> 00:24:50,960
of trying to move a massive, fully loaded freight train

517
00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:55,200
by pulling it with a novelty refrigerator magnet. The force

518
00:24:55,359 --> 00:24:56,079
just isn't there.

519
00:24:56,400 --> 00:24:59,200
Speaker 2: So, realizing the Great Attractor wasn't the engine, they looked

520
00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:02,720
further deeper behind it and found something even more monstrous.

521
00:25:03,920 --> 00:25:05,319
This Shaply supercluster.

522
00:25:05,519 --> 00:25:07,000
Speaker 1: This Shaply supercluster.

523
00:25:07,359 --> 00:25:10,720
Speaker 2: This is the single largest concentration of galaxies in the

524
00:25:10,759 --> 00:25:14,799
nearby universe, containing the mind boggling mass of ten thousand

525
00:25:14,839 --> 00:25:18,200
milky ways. It is a true gravitational.

526
00:25:17,519 --> 00:25:21,279
Speaker 1: Titan, But once again the speedometer ruined the theory gravity

527
00:25:21,359 --> 00:25:22,880
strictly gets weaker with distance.

528
00:25:23,720 --> 00:25:26,640
Speaker 2: If the Shaply supercluster were the sole engine driving this

529
00:25:26,759 --> 00:25:30,160
cosmic river, the galaxies closer to it should be moving

530
00:25:30,240 --> 00:25:32,839
much much faster than the galaxies further away.

531
00:25:32,799 --> 00:25:36,079
Speaker 1: That Kashlinski's data showed the velocity vector was constant.

532
00:25:36,519 --> 00:25:39,319
Speaker 2: Galaxies one billion light years away were moving at the

533
00:25:39,359 --> 00:25:42,559
exact same speed as galaxies three billion light years away.

534
00:25:42,960 --> 00:25:44,960
The flow does not fade with distance.

535
00:25:45,039 --> 00:25:48,319
Speaker 1: Which means the Shaply supercluster, despite having the mass of

536
00:25:48,359 --> 00:25:51,240
ten thousand milky ways, is just pebble caught in the

537
00:25:51,359 --> 00:25:53,960
exact same stream we are. It's not pulling us, it's

538
00:25:54,039 --> 00:25:55,200
being carried along with us.

539
00:25:55,480 --> 00:25:57,559
Speaker 2: The force pulling us is not local.

540
00:25:57,480 --> 00:25:59,599
Speaker 1: And if the gravity isn't getting weaker the further out

541
00:25:59,599 --> 00:26:02,200
we look, it means the monster pulling us is simply

542
00:26:02,279 --> 00:26:06,079
too big to fit inside our universe. We've mathematically weighed

543
00:26:06,079 --> 00:26:09,000
everything we can see, and it only accounts for about

544
00:26:09,039 --> 00:26:11,000
twenty percent of the speed we are traveling.

545
00:26:11,119 --> 00:26:13,160
Speaker 2: The other eighty percent of this poll is coming from

546
00:26:13,160 --> 00:26:13,599
a ghost.

547
00:26:14,200 --> 00:26:17,720
Speaker 1: What's truly breathtaking here is that this confronts the absolute

548
00:26:17,960 --> 00:26:21,640
hard limit of our physical reality, the cosmic event horizon.

549
00:26:21,720 --> 00:26:24,559
Speaker 2: Because the speed of light is finite, and the universe

550
00:26:24,599 --> 00:26:27,240
has only existed for a finite amount of time. We

551
00:26:27,319 --> 00:26:30,680
can only see a bubble roughly forty six billion light

552
00:26:30,759 --> 00:26:31,759
years in radius.

553
00:26:32,279 --> 00:26:35,440
Speaker 1: Beyond that edge, the universe is permanently dark to us.

554
00:26:35,960 --> 00:26:38,400
Light from there hasn't had time to reach our telescopes.

555
00:26:38,519 --> 00:26:41,839
Speaker 2: The gravity doesn't care about light. Gravity is a physical

556
00:26:41,839 --> 00:26:44,839
curvature of space time itself, and it can ripple across

557
00:26:44,839 --> 00:26:46,759
boundaries that photons cannot cross.

558
00:26:46,960 --> 00:26:49,279
Speaker 1: The fact that we are being yanked in one specific

559
00:26:49,359 --> 00:26:53,960
direction with such overwhelming, unyielding force implies that just beyond

560
00:26:54,039 --> 00:26:56,599
the forty six billion light year edge of our map,

561
00:26:56,680 --> 00:27:00,960
in the unobservable dark, there is a Titanic Aliens structure.

562
00:27:00,559 --> 00:27:02,960
Speaker 2: Something larger than any supercluster.

563
00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:06,920
Speaker 1: Possibly larger than our entire observable bubble, sitting just over

564
00:27:06,960 --> 00:27:10,880
the horizon and physically tilting the floor of the entire cosmos.

565
00:27:11,039 --> 00:27:14,440
Speaker 2: It's an unsettling thought. We are being dragged by an

566
00:27:14,519 --> 00:27:18,119
alien gravitational force we will never ever be able to see.

567
00:27:18,119 --> 00:27:22,200
Speaker 1: It's terrifying. But it gets even crazier because, in twenty seventeen,

568
00:27:22,599 --> 00:27:26,279
cosmologist J. Huta Hoffman at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

569
00:27:26,440 --> 00:27:29,400
looked at all this data and realized the map still

570
00:27:29,480 --> 00:27:30,720
wasn't perfectly balanced.

571
00:27:30,960 --> 00:27:33,759
Speaker 2: We were so completely obsessed with the monster in front

572
00:27:33,759 --> 00:27:35,960
of us pulling us into the dark, we forgot that

573
00:27:36,039 --> 00:27:37,720
gravity is a game of tug of war.

574
00:27:37,920 --> 00:27:40,359
Speaker 1: If something pulls you to the right, but something equally

575
00:27:40,400 --> 00:27:43,160
heavy pulls you to the left, you don't move. Hoffman

576
00:27:43,240 --> 00:27:45,440
realized we were only looking at half the picture.

577
00:27:45,839 --> 00:27:48,640
Speaker 2: Hoffman discovered that the region of space directly behind our

578
00:27:48,680 --> 00:27:52,119
Milky Way, opposite the dark flow, isn't just average, It

579
00:27:52,200 --> 00:27:54,079
is profoundly, remarkably empty.

580
00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:58,759
Speaker 1: He found a vast localized void, almost completely devoid of galaxies, in.

581
00:27:58,720 --> 00:28:02,440
Speaker 2: The dense interconnect did gravitational web of the cosmos. This

582
00:28:02,559 --> 00:28:07,480
incredibly empty patch acts exactly like negative mass. Because there

583
00:28:07,519 --> 00:28:09,960
is so little matter there to pull backward on us.

584
00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:12,640
The gravitational tug of war is heavily rigged.

585
00:28:12,759 --> 00:28:16,640
Speaker 1: The unseen titan ahead pulls us forward, and the staggering

586
00:28:16,720 --> 00:28:19,759
lack of gravity behind us effectively pushes us away.

587
00:28:19,960 --> 00:28:22,000
Speaker 2: Hoffman named this the dipole repeller.

588
00:28:22,160 --> 00:28:26,119
Speaker 1: It transforms our universe into a dynamic, terrifying engine. We

589
00:28:26,160 --> 00:28:29,559
are trapped in a massive cosmic current on one side,

590
00:28:29,759 --> 00:28:32,839
the void is a high ground, pushing matter out, shedding

591
00:28:32,839 --> 00:28:35,680
its weight. On the other side, the superclusters and the

592
00:28:35,759 --> 00:28:39,160
unseen Titan are the drains collecting everything in.

593
00:28:39,079 --> 00:28:41,319
Speaker 2: Our little milky Way just happens to be caught in

594
00:28:41,359 --> 00:28:44,720
the steepest part of the slope, surfing a gravitational wave

595
00:28:44,759 --> 00:28:46,759
that spans hundreds of millions of light years.

596
00:28:46,960 --> 00:28:49,720
Speaker 1: If we extrapolate this data forward in time, it paints

597
00:28:49,720 --> 00:28:52,279
a very different, far more violent picture of the end

598
00:28:52,319 --> 00:28:54,640
of the universe than the one we are usually taught

599
00:28:54,640 --> 00:28:55,160
in school.

600
00:28:55,519 --> 00:28:58,880
Speaker 2: The standard LAMBA CDM model predicts a heat death.

601
00:28:58,680 --> 00:29:02,839
Speaker 1: Where dark energy slowly pushes all galaxies apart over trillions

602
00:29:02,880 --> 00:29:06,200
of years, until the Milky Way is completely isolated, lonely

603
00:29:06,640 --> 00:29:08,680
and freezing in a dark, empty void.

604
00:29:09,160 --> 00:29:12,920
Speaker 2: But the dark flow data contradicts this. Locally, the velocity

605
00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:16,519
vectors of these thousands of galaxies are converging. We are

606
00:29:16,559 --> 00:29:20,079
not heading toward a peaceful, lonely isolation. We are heading

607
00:29:20,079 --> 00:29:23,440
toward a chaotic traffic jam of cosmic.

608
00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:26,720
Speaker 1: Proportions, a localized big crunch. We are falling into a

609
00:29:26,839 --> 00:29:29,759
massive gravitational funnel. As we get closer to the drain,

610
00:29:30,119 --> 00:29:32,799
the density of matter is going to absolutely skyrocket.

611
00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:36,880
Speaker 2: Galaxies will violently merge, tearing each other apart. Trillions of

612
00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:39,759
stars will be ripped entirely from their orbits, smashing into

613
00:29:39,839 --> 00:29:40,200
each other.

614
00:29:40,279 --> 00:29:42,799
Speaker 1: This immense accumulation of mass is going to create a

615
00:29:42,839 --> 00:29:46,240
gravitational well so deep, so heavy that it might actually

616
00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:48,519
mimic the singularity that started the Big Bang.

617
00:29:48,680 --> 00:29:51,599
Speaker 2: Think about water swirling down a drain. At the outer edges,

618
00:29:51,680 --> 00:29:54,440
it moves slowly, lazily, but as it gets closer to

619
00:29:54,480 --> 00:29:58,119
the center, it spins faster, tighter, and clumps together violently.

620
00:29:58,359 --> 00:30:00,920
Speaker 1: We are currently swirling at six hundred to one thousand

621
00:30:00,960 --> 00:30:05,440
kilometers per second, spiraling inward, and drains usually lead somewhere else.

622
00:30:05,799 --> 00:30:08,279
If we are concentrating all this massive energy and matter

623
00:30:08,359 --> 00:30:11,920
into a single point, we might literally be punching a

624
00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:13,920
hole through the fabric of space time.

625
00:30:14,079 --> 00:30:16,880
Speaker 2: To truly understand what happens when we reach the violent

626
00:30:16,880 --> 00:30:20,000
bottom of that funnel, or what lies beyond that punched hole,

627
00:30:20,400 --> 00:30:23,200
we have to transition into the realm of m theory

628
00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:25,960
and the true hidden nature of our dimensions.

629
00:30:26,240 --> 00:30:29,240
Speaker 1: Let's go back in history to nineteen nineteen. A virtually

630
00:30:29,359 --> 00:30:34,079
unknown German mathematician named Theodore Cluza sent a highly audacious

631
00:30:34,160 --> 00:30:35,440
letter to Albert Einstein.

632
00:30:35,599 --> 00:30:39,079
Speaker 2: Einstein's theory of general relativity worked beautifully in four dimensions,

633
00:30:39,519 --> 00:30:42,960
three of space, one of time, describing gravity as the

634
00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:44,799
elegant curvature of space.

635
00:30:44,519 --> 00:30:48,839
Speaker 1: And time, but electromagnetism, formulated by James Clerk Maxwell felt

636
00:30:48,839 --> 00:30:51,599
like a completely different, incompatible language.

637
00:30:51,759 --> 00:30:55,519
Speaker 2: Calusa did something mathematically radical. He simply added a fifth

638
00:30:55,519 --> 00:30:58,680
dimension to Einstein's equations. He just wrote plus one in

639
00:30:58,720 --> 00:31:00,000
the math to see what would happen.

640
00:31:00,200 --> 00:31:02,759
Speaker 1: And what happens is one of the most beautiful moments

641
00:31:02,799 --> 00:31:05,559
in physics. When Kaluzo work through the math with that

642
00:31:05,680 --> 00:31:09,480
extra room to move, the extra leftover components of the

643
00:31:09,519 --> 00:31:12,720
gravitational field didn't just disappear or break the equation.

644
00:31:13,079 --> 00:31:18,759
Speaker 2: They automatically perfectly transformed into James Clerk Maxwell's exact equations

645
00:31:18,960 --> 00:31:20,240
for electromagnetism.

646
00:31:20,319 --> 00:31:24,119
Speaker 1: It was the first successful unification theory in history. It

647
00:31:24,160 --> 00:31:27,240
proved mathematically that gravity and light are likely the exact

648
00:31:27,279 --> 00:31:30,279
same fundamental force, just vibrating in different dimensions.

649
00:31:30,680 --> 00:31:34,359
Speaker 2: But obviously, this immediately begs a massive intuitive question.

650
00:31:34,599 --> 00:31:36,440
Speaker 1: If there is a fifth dimension all around us, why

651
00:31:36,440 --> 00:31:38,079
can't we see it? Why can't I just wave my

652
00:31:38,119 --> 00:31:39,160
hand into it right now?

653
00:31:39,319 --> 00:31:42,400
Speaker 2: That riddle was brilliantly solved in nineteen twenty six by

654
00:31:42,400 --> 00:31:47,480
physicist Oscar Klein. He proposed the concept of compactification. He

655
00:31:47,640 --> 00:31:50,200
argued that dimensions in our universe come in two very

656
00:31:50,240 --> 00:31:53,160
distinct types, extended and compactified.

657
00:31:53,400 --> 00:31:58,000
Speaker 1: Our familiar dimensions up, down, left, right, forward, back are extended,

658
00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:00,279
They go on for billions of light years, but the

659
00:32:00,279 --> 00:32:01,640
fifth dimension is rolled up.

660
00:32:01,720 --> 00:32:04,039
Speaker 2: I love the garden hose analogy for this because it

661
00:32:04,079 --> 00:32:06,400
takes something impossible to visualize and makes it real.

662
00:32:06,680 --> 00:32:09,519
Speaker 1: Imagine you are in an airplane flying high over a

663
00:32:09,559 --> 00:32:12,319
grassy yard and you look down at a green garden

664
00:32:12,359 --> 00:32:15,640
hose lying on the grass. From the plane, it looks

665
00:32:15,640 --> 00:32:18,640
like a one dimensional line. It only has length. You

666
00:32:18,680 --> 00:32:20,640
could draw it with a single pencil stroke.

667
00:32:21,240 --> 00:32:23,079
Speaker 2: But if you zoom all the way down and imagine

668
00:32:23,079 --> 00:32:25,839
you are a tiny ant crawling on that exact same hose,

669
00:32:26,319 --> 00:32:30,079
you realize it has a second dimension circumference. You can

670
00:32:30,119 --> 00:32:31,960
walk around the circular loop of the hose.

671
00:32:32,240 --> 00:32:35,119
Speaker 1: Clyining argued that the fifth dimension is curled up into

672
00:32:35,200 --> 00:32:38,920
a tiny, imperceptible circle. At every single point in space.

673
00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:42,119
It is curled up inside every single atom of your

674
00:32:42,119 --> 00:32:44,799
body smaller than a proton. But it is there.

675
00:32:44,960 --> 00:32:48,160
Speaker 2: It is the hidden microscopic loop where gravity vibrates to

676
00:32:48,200 --> 00:32:48,720
become light.

677
00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:53,599
Speaker 1: And this elegant mechanism of compactification became the mathematical bedrock

678
00:32:53,720 --> 00:32:55,599
for modern theoretical physics.

679
00:32:55,720 --> 00:32:58,079
Speaker 2: But fast forward to the nineteen nineties, and physics was

680
00:32:58,119 --> 00:33:02,160
in a massive, frustrating crisis. The unification dream had fragmented

681
00:33:02,200 --> 00:33:05,480
into five different, highly conflicting versions of string theory.

682
00:33:05,599 --> 00:33:07,960
Speaker 1: Some had twenty six dimensions, some had ten. They all

683
00:33:08,039 --> 00:33:11,119
seemed to mathematically true, but wildly contradicted each other.

684
00:33:11,480 --> 00:33:14,599
Speaker 2: Then, in nineteen ninety five, at the University of Southern California,

685
00:33:14,920 --> 00:33:19,000
a physicist named Edward Witten sparked the second superstring revolution.

686
00:33:19,720 --> 00:33:22,519
He proved that the five different theories were actually just

687
00:33:22,720 --> 00:33:27,119
five different limited shadows of a single massive mathematical framework.

688
00:33:27,680 --> 00:33:28,599
He called it M.

689
00:33:28,519 --> 00:33:32,279
Speaker 1: Theory, magic, mystery, membrane, or matrix. No one even knows

690
00:33:32,319 --> 00:33:34,240
for sure what the M stands for, which just adds

691
00:33:34,279 --> 00:33:36,720
to the lore. But to make the math of M

692
00:33:36,720 --> 00:33:39,640
theory work perfectly, Witten had to add one more dimension.

693
00:33:39,720 --> 00:33:42,039
He took us to eleven dimensions and.

694
00:33:41,960 --> 00:33:44,680
Speaker 2: In that eleventh dimension, the tiny vibrating strings of matters

695
00:33:44,680 --> 00:33:48,039
stopped being just one dimensional lines. They stretched out into

696
00:33:48,119 --> 00:33:51,599
vast sheets and massive volumes. This birth the concept of

697
00:33:51,640 --> 00:33:53,960
the brain for sure. For remembr m theory states that

698
00:33:54,000 --> 00:33:58,160
our entire observable universe, every star, every galaxy, every atom

699
00:33:58,160 --> 00:34:00,519
in your living room, your body itself, is trapped on

700
00:34:00,559 --> 00:34:03,759
a single three dimensional brain floating in a much larger,

701
00:34:03,960 --> 00:34:05,759
higher dimensional hyperspace called the bulk.

702
00:34:06,000 --> 00:34:09,519
Speaker 1: A phenomenal way to visualize this terrifying confinement is the

703
00:34:09,559 --> 00:34:10,800
loaf of bread analogy.

704
00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:13,360
Speaker 2: Yes, imagine the bulk is an entire thick loaf of

705
00:34:13,400 --> 00:34:16,800
slice bread. Our entire universe is just one single slice.

706
00:34:16,920 --> 00:34:19,519
Speaker 1: We can move left, right, up and down within the

707
00:34:19,599 --> 00:34:23,559
crumb of our specific slice, but we absolutely cannot move

708
00:34:23,599 --> 00:34:25,800
out of the slice into the neighboring piece of bread,

709
00:34:25,920 --> 00:34:27,440
or into the air around the loaf.

710
00:34:28,000 --> 00:34:32,280
Speaker 2: We are intrinsically fundamentally stuck to our surface. The universe

711
00:34:32,360 --> 00:34:36,079
is just a flat island, and the bulk is a vast,

712
00:34:36,519 --> 00:34:38,400
unfathomably deep ocean.

713
00:34:38,639 --> 00:34:41,159
Speaker 1: But wait, if there are other slices of bread, other

714
00:34:41,320 --> 00:34:44,039
entire universes literally floating right next to us in this

715
00:34:44,119 --> 00:34:47,159
cosmic loaf. Why can't we see them? If I walk

716
00:34:47,199 --> 00:34:49,320
outside and look up at the night sky, why don't

717
00:34:49,320 --> 00:34:51,920
I see the glowing edge of a neighboring reality shining

718
00:34:51,960 --> 00:34:52,639
down on us.

719
00:34:52,880 --> 00:34:55,679
Speaker 2: The answer lies in the deeply structural shape of matter

720
00:34:55,800 --> 00:34:58,960
and light in string theory. In this framework, matter and

721
00:34:59,039 --> 00:35:00,079
light are made of open s.

722
00:35:00,639 --> 00:35:02,760
Speaker 1: Think of an open string as a tiny piece of

723
00:35:02,840 --> 00:35:04,480
thread with two loose ends.

724
00:35:04,599 --> 00:35:07,119
Speaker 2: The rigid mathematical rule of M theory is that the

725
00:35:07,199 --> 00:35:09,639
ends of an open string cannot just float freely in

726
00:35:09,679 --> 00:35:13,119
the multidimensional bulk. They must be physically anchored, glued to

727
00:35:13,199 --> 00:35:16,360
a brain. They are chemically attached to our three D reality.

728
00:35:16,719 --> 00:35:19,079
Speaker 1: It's exactly like the hair on your arm. The hair

729
00:35:19,119 --> 00:35:21,320
can wave around in the breeze, it has some freedom

730
00:35:21,320 --> 00:35:25,039
of movement, but the root is firmly, stubbornly stuck in

731
00:35:25,079 --> 00:35:28,320
your skin. It can't just leave your body and float away.

732
00:35:28,639 --> 00:35:31,519
Speaker 2: Every proton, neutron, and electron that makes up your body

733
00:35:31,840 --> 00:35:35,119
is physically rooted to our three D brain. We are

734
00:35:35,159 --> 00:35:37,000
stuck like flies on flypaper.

735
00:35:37,159 --> 00:35:39,679
Speaker 1: But the real tragedy, the reason we are blind, is

736
00:35:39,800 --> 00:35:43,360
light itself. Photons, the particles that allow us to see,

737
00:35:43,480 --> 00:35:47,119
are also open strings. Their ends are pinned tightly to

738
00:35:47,199 --> 00:35:47,679
our brain.

739
00:35:47,960 --> 00:35:51,400
Speaker 2: Light literally cannot travel off our three D space. You

740
00:35:51,400 --> 00:35:53,519
cannot shine a flashlight up into the bulk. The beam

741
00:35:53,559 --> 00:35:56,199
will just travel in a straight, flat line along the

742
00:35:56,199 --> 00:35:57,119
surface of our screen.

743
00:35:57,320 --> 00:36:00,199
Speaker 1: We are entirely, permanently blind to the bulk because our

744
00:36:00,320 --> 00:36:01,960
vision is shackled to our dimension.

745
00:36:02,119 --> 00:36:04,639
Speaker 2: We are trapped in a prison of light. However, there

746
00:36:04,679 --> 00:36:07,199
is one monumental world breaking exception.

747
00:36:07,440 --> 00:36:07,920
Speaker 1: Gravity.

748
00:36:08,320 --> 00:36:11,679
Speaker 2: The hypothetical particle that carries the force of gravity, the graviton,

749
00:36:11,840 --> 00:36:15,280
is fundamentally different. It is a closed string. It is

750
00:36:15,320 --> 00:36:18,320
a perfect continuous loop with no sticky ends.

751
00:36:18,679 --> 00:36:21,719
Speaker 1: Because it has no ends, it cannot be anchored to

752
00:36:21,880 --> 00:36:26,039
our three D brain. It is chemically and mathematically impossible

753
00:36:26,079 --> 00:36:28,239
for our universe to hold onto it, which.

754
00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:31,719
Speaker 2: Means gravity is completely free to float off the surface

755
00:36:31,719 --> 00:36:34,639
of our world. It freely leaks off our brain and

756
00:36:34,760 --> 00:36:36,840
drifts out into the hyperspace of the bulk.

757
00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:41,159
Speaker 1: This elegantly solves one of the most frustrating head scratching

758
00:36:41,199 --> 00:36:44,039
mysteries in physics, the hierarchy problem.

759
00:36:44,480 --> 00:36:47,199
Speaker 2: Think of about a tiny cheap fridge magnet holding up

760
00:36:47,239 --> 00:36:50,480
a paper clip. That tiny piece of metal is easily

761
00:36:50,480 --> 00:36:54,320
defeating the gravitational pull of the entire planet Earth. Gravity

762
00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:57,800
is shockingly bizarrely weak compared to electromagnetism.

763
00:36:57,880 --> 00:37:00,400
Speaker 1: It makes no sense unless gravity isn't actually.

764
00:37:00,519 --> 00:37:02,840
Speaker 2: String theory suggests gravity is just as strong as the

765
00:37:02,880 --> 00:37:05,840
other forces, but we only feel a tiny, diluted fraction

766
00:37:05,880 --> 00:37:07,840
of it because most of it is rapidly bleeding out

767
00:37:07,880 --> 00:37:10,800
into the extra dimensions, like loud music leaking through a

768
00:37:10,800 --> 00:37:11,679
thin apartment wall.

769
00:37:12,079 --> 00:37:15,719
Speaker 1: This is where the implications become deeply chilling, because if

770
00:37:15,719 --> 00:37:18,119
a wall is porous enough to let our gravity leak out,

771
00:37:18,199 --> 00:37:20,000
it means gravity from the bulk can leak in.

772
00:37:20,480 --> 00:37:23,840
Speaker 2: We might be completely blind to a neighboring universe, but

773
00:37:23,920 --> 00:37:26,880
if it has mass, if it has heavy stars and planets,

774
00:37:27,239 --> 00:37:30,719
we would absolutely feel its weight pressing against our reality.

775
00:37:31,079 --> 00:37:33,559
Speaker 1: And this brings us to the groundbreaking nineteen ninety nine

776
00:37:33,639 --> 00:37:38,159
work of physicists Lisa Randall and Raman Syndrome. Their models,

777
00:37:38,239 --> 00:37:41,880
widely known as RS one and RS two, completely destroyed

778
00:37:41,920 --> 00:37:45,800
the comfortable sci fi idea that parallel universes are billions

779
00:37:45,840 --> 00:37:47,920
of light years away, safely distant.

780
00:37:48,079 --> 00:37:50,400
Speaker 2: Oh man, this gives me actual chills every time I

781
00:37:50,440 --> 00:37:53,880
think about it. They built a rigorous mathematical model of

782
00:37:53,960 --> 00:37:57,320
warped five dimensional geometry that shows the extra dimension. The

783
00:37:57,400 --> 00:37:59,320
bulk isn't vastly wide.

784
00:37:59,000 --> 00:38:01,280
Speaker 1: It is terrifying croustrophobically thin.

785
00:38:01,760 --> 00:38:04,480
Speaker 2: The spatial distance between our universe and the neighboring universe

786
00:38:04,480 --> 00:38:07,199
could be as small as one single millimeter, the thickness

787
00:38:07,199 --> 00:38:09,639
of a dime, less than the width of your own skin.

788
00:38:09,800 --> 00:38:12,639
Speaker 1: It implies that the multiverse is spatially superimposed right on

789
00:38:12,679 --> 00:38:15,519
top of you. There could be an entire other universe,

790
00:38:15,559 --> 00:38:18,840
with its own massive stars, weird planets, and entirely different

791
00:38:18,920 --> 00:38:21,719
laws of physics, hovering less than an inch from your face.

792
00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:22,639
As you listen to this.

793
00:38:23,079 --> 00:38:25,400
Speaker 2: You can't see it or touch it because you were

794
00:38:25,400 --> 00:38:28,239
trapped in three D space, exactly like a two D

795
00:38:28,440 --> 00:38:31,599
video game character who cannot move out of the television

796
00:38:31,639 --> 00:38:34,039
screen toward the player sitting on the couch.

797
00:38:34,079 --> 00:38:37,280
Speaker 1: But because gravity can cross that tiny one millimeter gap,

798
00:38:37,719 --> 00:38:41,039
if a massive object in that neighboring universe passed by,

799
00:38:41,559 --> 00:38:42,920
we would intimately feel it.

800
00:38:43,159 --> 00:38:46,840
Speaker 2: We would experience invisible gravity appearing out of nowhere. The

801
00:38:46,920 --> 00:38:51,079
other isn't distant, It is intimately hovering right over our retinas.

802
00:38:51,079 --> 00:38:55,239
Speaker 1: Which perfectly sets up our next massive pivot, the shadow biosphere,

803
00:38:55,760 --> 00:38:58,880
because if another reality is literally a millimeter away, its

804
00:38:58,920 --> 00:39:02,079
gravity is already effect this. But what if the mirroring

805
00:39:02,119 --> 00:39:03,679
isn't just happening across the bulk.

806
00:39:03,800 --> 00:39:07,119
Speaker 2: What if this bizarre overlap is happening right here inside

807
00:39:07,159 --> 00:39:08,000
our own galaxy.

808
00:39:08,199 --> 00:39:10,880
Speaker 1: Let's talk about parity violation. In nineteen fifty six, the

809
00:39:10,920 --> 00:39:13,119
foundational rules of physics basically broke right.

810
00:39:13,199 --> 00:39:16,199
Speaker 2: It did, and it shocked the scientific establishment. Until nineteen

811
00:39:16,239 --> 00:39:20,360
fifty six, scientists firmly believed in parity conservation, the comforting

812
00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:23,840
idea that nature is fundamentally symmetrical and balanced. The laws

813
00:39:23,840 --> 00:39:25,519
of physics shouldn't care about left or right.

814
00:39:25,840 --> 00:39:27,960
Speaker 1: If you watch a physical process in a mirror, it

815
00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:29,599
should operate exactly the same way.

816
00:39:29,960 --> 00:39:34,599
Speaker 2: But two young, brilliant physicists, Sungdali and chen Ning Yang

817
00:39:35,159 --> 00:39:38,639
deeply studied the radioactive decay of cobalt sixty atoms and

818
00:39:38,679 --> 00:39:43,800
found something completely impossible. The subatomic particles the electrons, strongly

819
00:39:43,840 --> 00:39:46,880
preferred to fly out in one specific left handed direction.

820
00:39:47,639 --> 00:39:51,199
Nature was biased. The universe had a preferred handedness.

821
00:39:51,599 --> 00:39:55,880
Speaker 1: To fix this terrifying imbalance. Because physicists hate a messy universe,

822
00:39:56,199 --> 00:40:00,400
scientists proposed a radical, elegant solution. They hypothesize that for

823
00:40:00,440 --> 00:40:03,679
every left handed particle we know, every proton, every electron,

824
00:40:03,760 --> 00:40:07,679
every quark, there must exist a corresponding mirror matter particle

825
00:40:07,719 --> 00:40:09,360
out there to restore the balance.

826
00:40:09,119 --> 00:40:12,719
Speaker 2: A completely invisible right handed version of the entire periodic table.

827
00:40:12,880 --> 00:40:15,440
Speaker 1: And it is crucial to clarify for our listeners, mirror

828
00:40:15,440 --> 00:40:20,000
matter is not antimatter. Antimatter annihilates violently and explodes when

829
00:40:20,000 --> 00:40:21,079
it touches regular matter.

830
00:40:21,199 --> 00:40:24,199
Speaker 2: Mirror matter simply ignores you completely. It has its own

831
00:40:24,280 --> 00:40:27,199
isolated version of the electromagnetic force, meaning it has its

832
00:40:27,199 --> 00:40:28,159
own mirror photons.

833
00:40:28,480 --> 00:40:31,960
Speaker 1: Mirror matter can form massive stars that shine blindingly bright

834
00:40:32,039 --> 00:40:34,840
with mirror light, but because those mirror photons do not

835
00:40:34,920 --> 00:40:38,199
interact in any way with our retinas or our scientific cameras,

836
00:40:38,679 --> 00:40:42,360
that light is utterly, permanently invisible to us.

837
00:40:42,559 --> 00:40:45,000
Speaker 2: A massive mirror star can be blazing in the sky

838
00:40:45,119 --> 00:40:49,440
right now, bathing the Earth in high intensity mirror radiation,

839
00:40:50,039 --> 00:40:53,280
and to us looking up, it would look like pitch blackness.

840
00:40:53,599 --> 00:40:56,199
Speaker 1: Mirror light passes right through your roof, right through your skins,

841
00:40:56,239 --> 00:40:58,199
straight through the Earth itself, as if it were nothing,

842
00:40:58,719 --> 00:41:01,039
which brings us back to physicist Lisa Randall.

843
00:41:01,199 --> 00:41:04,000
Speaker 2: In twenty fourteen, she proposed a theory that completely shakes

844
00:41:04,079 --> 00:41:07,639
up how we view dark matter. For decades, astronomers lazily

845
00:41:07,639 --> 00:41:11,199
assumed dark matter was is a boring, collisionless, fluffy halo

846
00:41:11,239 --> 00:41:15,079
of ghost particles surrounding the Milky Way's a giant static

847
00:41:15,440 --> 00:41:18,920
spherical cloud, providing extra gravity to keep the galaxy spinning.

848
00:41:19,199 --> 00:41:22,760
Speaker 1: But Randall asked a brilliant disruptive question, why should dark

849
00:41:22,760 --> 00:41:28,800
matter be simple? Visible matter is incredibly complex. It forms atoms, molecules, rocks, planets,

850
00:41:28,800 --> 00:41:31,639
and people because it can radiate heat and cool down.

851
00:41:32,079 --> 00:41:33,719
Why wouldn't the dark sector do the same.

852
00:41:34,079 --> 00:41:37,519
Speaker 2: Randall proposed the deeply unsettling double disc dark matter model.

853
00:41:38,039 --> 00:41:40,400
She argued that a fraction of the dark sector has

854
00:41:40,440 --> 00:41:44,920
its own dark electromagnetism, allowing it to shed energy, cool down,

855
00:41:45,239 --> 00:41:48,239
and collapse into dense, highly complex structures.

856
00:41:48,440 --> 00:41:51,760
Speaker 1: Instead of a fluffy, harmless cloud, it flattens into a dense,

857
00:41:51,920 --> 00:41:52,760
rotating disk.

858
00:41:53,000 --> 00:41:56,760
Speaker 2: Her calculations strongly suggest that embedded directly inside our own

859
00:41:56,800 --> 00:41:59,800
Milky Way galaxy, rotating in the exact same plane as

860
00:41:59,840 --> 00:42:03,079
our visible stars, is a second invisible.

861
00:42:02,679 --> 00:42:06,079
Speaker 1: Dark disc, a shadow galaxy superimposed perfectly on top of

862
00:42:06,119 --> 00:42:08,679
our own. Because if dark matter canform a dense disc,

863
00:42:08,800 --> 00:42:11,519
it can formed dark atoms. If it conformed dark atoms,

864
00:42:11,559 --> 00:42:14,800
it conformed dark chemistry. We are talking about dark stars

865
00:42:14,840 --> 00:42:18,119
burning with invisible physion, orbited by shadow earths made of

866
00:42:18,119 --> 00:42:19,440
invisible dark rock.

867
00:42:20,119 --> 00:42:22,760
Speaker 2: And because this dark disc is denser and thinner than

868
00:42:22,800 --> 00:42:26,519
our visible galaxy, these shadow objects are constantly intersecting and

869
00:42:26,559 --> 00:42:28,320
passing right through our star systems.

870
00:42:28,480 --> 00:42:31,119
Speaker 1: We are sharing our cosmic living room with an invisible

871
00:42:31,159 --> 00:42:33,719
ghost galaxy that is just as complex and just as

872
00:42:33,760 --> 00:42:35,079
heavy as ours, and.

873
00:42:35,079 --> 00:42:39,360
Speaker 2: This inevitably leads astrobiologists to the concept of the shadow biosphere.

874
00:42:40,280 --> 00:42:43,679
Scientists at NASA have seriously proposed that if the dark

875
00:42:43,719 --> 00:42:46,719
sector has its own stable protons and electrons, it has

876
00:42:46,760 --> 00:42:48,000
its own periodic table.

877
00:42:48,239 --> 00:42:51,599
Speaker 1: This implies that right here, occupying the exact same volume

878
00:42:51,639 --> 00:42:54,039
of space as the Earth, there could be a dark

879
00:42:54,079 --> 00:42:56,159
matter planet governed by dark chemistry.

880
00:42:56,320 --> 00:42:59,360
Speaker 2: Once you have complex polymer's thermodynamics in billions of years

881
00:42:59,360 --> 00:43:02,760
of evolution, the jump to dark biology is highly probable.

882
00:43:02,920 --> 00:43:06,320
Speaker 1: So really visualize this for a second. Imagine a shadow

883
00:43:06,480 --> 00:43:08,719
entity standing in the middle of your room right now.

884
00:43:09,360 --> 00:43:12,360
Because it's dark, atoms don't interact with our photons. It

885
00:43:12,400 --> 00:43:16,320
has no electromagnetic field pushing against ours solidity as we

886
00:43:16,440 --> 00:43:17,880
experience it is an illusion.

887
00:43:17,960 --> 00:43:18,119
Speaker 2: Right.

888
00:43:18,480 --> 00:43:20,639
Speaker 1: We don't fall through the floor because the electrons in

889
00:43:20,639 --> 00:43:23,239
our shoes fiercely repel the electrons in the wood.

890
00:43:23,400 --> 00:43:26,679
Speaker 2: But a shadow being has no such repulsion. It is

891
00:43:26,760 --> 00:43:30,599
completely totally intangible to us. It could walk straight through

892
00:43:30,639 --> 00:43:33,480
a thick concrete wall or straight through your body, and

893
00:43:33,519 --> 00:43:37,199
as atoms would simply glide smoothly between your nuclei. To them,

894
00:43:37,280 --> 00:43:38,199
we are the ghosts.

895
00:43:38,400 --> 00:43:42,480
Speaker 1: But here is the terrifying, unavoidable exception to that ghost rule.

896
00:43:43,239 --> 00:43:47,719
Gravity mass is mass, no matter what dimension or sector.

897
00:43:47,760 --> 00:43:48,480
It belongs to.

898
00:43:48,719 --> 00:43:51,920
Speaker 2: A dark proton warp space time exactly the same way

899
00:43:51,960 --> 00:43:54,760
a normal proton does. So while a shadow entity wouldn't

900
00:43:54,760 --> 00:43:58,039
touch your electrons, you would absolutely feel its mass.

901
00:43:58,400 --> 00:44:01,639
Speaker 1: If a dense biological shad passed through your house, the

902
00:44:01,679 --> 00:44:05,880
local gravity would spike. You'd feel a sudden, inexplicable physical

903
00:44:05,920 --> 00:44:07,440
heaviness pressing down on you.

904
00:44:07,960 --> 00:44:11,519
Speaker 2: I am immediately thinking about sleep paralysis. Millions of people

905
00:44:11,519 --> 00:44:15,000
around the world experience this terrifying phenomenon. You wake up

906
00:44:15,000 --> 00:44:18,199
in the dead of the night, entirely paralyzed, unable to scream,

907
00:44:18,599 --> 00:44:22,480
and you feel a distinct crushing weight physically pressing down

908
00:44:22,480 --> 00:44:23,039
on your chest.

909
00:44:23,239 --> 00:44:25,519
Speaker 1: You sense a dark, hovering presence in the room that

910
00:44:25,559 --> 00:44:28,800
you cannot see. Neurologists eagerly dismiss this as a simple

911
00:44:28,840 --> 00:44:31,320
brain glitch, a misfiring of the sleep cycle.

912
00:44:31,480 --> 00:44:32,840
Speaker 2: But if you look at it through the lens of

913
00:44:32,920 --> 00:44:36,320
double disc dark matter, this is exactly what a gravitational

914
00:44:36,320 --> 00:44:38,679
collision with a shadow entity would physically feel like.

915
00:44:39,039 --> 00:44:41,960
Speaker 1: If a heavy being made of mirror matter decided to

916
00:44:42,000 --> 00:44:44,559
lie down right on top of you, if atoms would

917
00:44:44,599 --> 00:44:47,320
pass cleanly through your ribs, but its gravity would not,

918
00:44:47,559 --> 00:44:50,280
its mass would physically tangibly pull on your lungs. It

919
00:44:50,280 --> 00:44:51,360
would compress your heart.

920
00:44:51,440 --> 00:44:53,920
Speaker 2: You would feel the literal physical weight of an invisible

921
00:44:53,960 --> 00:44:56,679
creature that your eyes cannot register. Makes you wonder if

922
00:44:56,719 --> 00:44:58,920
every ghost story or demon myth is just an ancient

923
00:44:58,960 --> 00:45:02,000
interpretation of encountering dark biology.

924
00:45:02,199 --> 00:45:06,360
Speaker 1: It is a profoundly unsettling, highly physical explanation for ancient

925
00:45:06,360 --> 00:45:11,599
psychological phenomena, and this terrifying gravitational overlap extends to massive

926
00:45:11,719 --> 00:45:15,599
planetary threats as well. Let's look at the famous Tunguska

927
00:45:15,599 --> 00:45:17,800
event of June thirtieth, nineteen oh eight.

928
00:45:17,800 --> 00:45:22,000
Speaker 2: A staggering fifty megaton explosion roughly three thousand times more

929
00:45:22,039 --> 00:45:25,079
powerful than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, flatten two thousand

930
00:45:25,079 --> 00:45:29,199
square kilometers of remote Siberian forest. The shockwave was so

931
00:45:29,320 --> 00:45:30,960
massive it went around the world twice.

932
00:45:31,119 --> 00:45:34,199
Speaker 1: Yet when scientists finally reached the devastated site, they found

933
00:45:34,239 --> 00:45:38,719
absolutely nothing. No impact crater, no meteorite fragments, no chemical

934
00:45:38,719 --> 00:45:40,000
trace of an airburst comet.

935
00:45:40,079 --> 00:45:42,960
Speaker 2: It's the ultimate locked room mystery on a planetary scale.

936
00:45:43,079 --> 00:45:44,880
On Guska left nothing but flattened.

937
00:45:44,519 --> 00:45:49,000
Speaker 1: Trees, which leads to physicists Robert Foot and Zurab Siligazy

938
00:45:49,480 --> 00:45:53,760
proposing a horrifying idea. The impactor wasn't a normal space

939
00:45:53,840 --> 00:45:55,599
rock at all. It was a mere asteroid.

940
00:45:56,239 --> 00:46:00,360
Speaker 2: The physics fits the devastation perfectly. A massive rock made

941
00:46:00,519 --> 00:46:04,519
entirely of mirror matter entering our atmosphere wouldn't interact with

942
00:46:04,559 --> 00:46:07,599
the air molecules. There would be no friction, no heat,

943
00:46:07,840 --> 00:46:10,800
no blazing glowing meteor trail to warn us.

944
00:46:11,000 --> 00:46:15,920
Speaker 1: It falls completely silently, entirely invisible to humanize telescopes and

945
00:46:16,000 --> 00:46:19,480
radar systems. It only releases its devastating energy when its

946
00:46:19,599 --> 00:46:23,480
massive internal pressure destabilizes deep underground, or when its sheer

947
00:46:23,519 --> 00:46:26,320
gravity violently crushes the dense crust of the Earth.

948
00:46:26,440 --> 00:46:28,519
Speaker 2: A mere asteroid could be on a collision course with

949
00:46:28,559 --> 00:46:30,880
a major city like London or New York right now,

950
00:46:31,039 --> 00:46:33,079
and we wouldn't have a single second of warning until

951
00:46:33,119 --> 00:46:34,639
the city simply ceased to exist.

952
00:46:34,760 --> 00:46:38,199
Speaker 1: And we actually have hard experimental data suggesting we are

953
00:46:38,239 --> 00:46:41,960
constantly driving through this invisible, dangerous debris. Deep beneath the

954
00:46:41,960 --> 00:46:45,480
Grandsasso Mountain in Italy, heavily shielded by fourteen hundred meters

955
00:46:45,480 --> 00:46:47,920
of solid rock to block out cosmic rays is the

956
00:46:47,920 --> 00:46:49,079
Demolibret experiment.

957
00:46:49,360 --> 00:46:52,519
Speaker 2: For over two decades, it has been tirelessly looking for

958
00:46:52,559 --> 00:46:56,159
the gentle touch of dark matter, but instead of looking

959
00:46:56,159 --> 00:46:59,920
for single random particle hits, it looks for a distinct

960
00:47:00,440 --> 00:47:01,719
seasonal weather pattern.

961
00:47:01,840 --> 00:47:05,039
Speaker 1: The logic is brilliant. Our entire solar system is moving

962
00:47:05,079 --> 00:47:08,079
through a stationary massive cloud of dark matter at two

963
00:47:08,199 --> 00:47:11,840
hundred and twenty kilometers per second, creating a constant dark

964
00:47:11,880 --> 00:47:12,679
matter wind.

965
00:47:12,760 --> 00:47:15,760
Speaker 2: And because the Earth orbits the Sun in June, our

966
00:47:15,880 --> 00:47:17,880
orbit has us driving in the same direction as the

967
00:47:17,920 --> 00:47:21,239
solar system, moving directly into the headwind, so the wind

968
00:47:21,280 --> 00:47:23,760
should be faster and hit the detector more frequently.

969
00:47:23,840 --> 00:47:25,920
Speaker 1: In December, we are on the other side of the sun,

970
00:47:25,960 --> 00:47:28,800
moving away, so the wind is slower. The detector should

971
00:47:28,800 --> 00:47:32,400
basically breathe with the seasons up in June down in December.

972
00:47:31,960 --> 00:47:34,800
Speaker 2: And for twenty straight years the doma libra signal has

973
00:47:34,840 --> 00:47:37,679
done exactly that. It modulates perfectly with the seasons at

974
00:47:37,679 --> 00:47:38,960
a nine sigma certainty.

975
00:47:39,239 --> 00:47:42,440
Speaker 1: In physics, a five sigma result is a guaranteed Nobel

976
00:47:42,480 --> 00:47:46,159
Prize discovery. A nine sigma result means the probability of

977
00:47:46,199 --> 00:47:48,440
it being a statistical fluke is virtually zero.

978
00:47:48,760 --> 00:47:52,280
Speaker 2: It proves beyond almost any doubt that we are flying

979
00:47:52,320 --> 00:47:55,440
through a massive storm. Right now, as you sit comfortably

980
00:47:55,480 --> 00:47:59,039
listening to this, you're being blasted by a relentless wind

981
00:47:59,079 --> 00:48:02,280
of invisible dark particles moving at nearly a million miles

982
00:48:02,320 --> 00:48:06,480
an hour. Millions of these microscopic entities are passing through

983
00:48:06,519 --> 00:48:11,159
your skull, your brain, your DNA every single second.

984
00:48:11,000 --> 00:48:14,639
Speaker 1: And while most don't interact, the detector flashes because occasionally,

985
00:48:15,159 --> 00:48:18,079
very rarely they do hit something solid.

986
00:48:17,840 --> 00:48:20,199
Speaker 2: But this invisible wind of dark matter isn't just an

987
00:48:20,239 --> 00:48:23,599
astronomical curiosity happening out in cold space. It is happening

988
00:48:23,760 --> 00:48:26,320
inside your room, passing to your brain right now.

989
00:48:26,599 --> 00:48:29,320
Speaker 1: And that brings up a terrifying question about quantum mechanics.

990
00:48:29,679 --> 00:48:32,639
What happens to our reality on a microscopic level when

991
00:48:32,679 --> 00:48:36,199
these invisible particles actually hit something inside you. Let's talk

992
00:48:36,199 --> 00:48:38,800
about physicist Hugh Everett, the third at Princeton in nineteen

993
00:48:38,800 --> 00:48:42,440
fifty seven. He looked deeply at the famous Schrodinger equation

994
00:48:42,960 --> 00:48:45,519
and realized something that horrified the scientific community.

995
00:48:45,800 --> 00:48:49,719
Speaker 2: To understand Everett's horror, we look at the standard Copenhagen

996
00:48:49,760 --> 00:48:53,960
interpretation of quantum mechanics. It states that a particle exists

997
00:48:54,039 --> 00:48:57,079
as a sneered out wave of probability until you look

998
00:48:57,119 --> 00:48:59,960
at it, until you measure it. Then the wave collapse

999
00:49:00,280 --> 00:49:05,079
into one single solid reality. The spinning coin lands on heads,

1000
00:49:05,360 --> 00:49:07,760
and the possibility of tails vanishes forever.

1001
00:49:07,920 --> 00:49:11,320
Speaker 1: But Everett realized the pure mathematics of the Schrodinger equation

1002
00:49:11,480 --> 00:49:15,039
do not actually contain a collapse function. The math just

1003
00:49:15,119 --> 00:49:16,280
keeps smoothly evolving.

1004
00:49:16,639 --> 00:49:20,840
Speaker 2: So Ever, propose the many world's interpretation or MWI, the

1005
00:49:20,880 --> 00:49:25,519
wave function never collapses. Instead, the universe physically violently bifurcates.

1006
00:49:25,840 --> 00:49:28,599
Every single time a quantum choice occurs, the universe physically

1007
00:49:28,679 --> 00:49:32,760
fractures into two equally real, equally massive timelines in a vast,

1008
00:49:32,920 --> 00:49:34,519
endlessly branching Hilbert space.

1009
00:49:34,639 --> 00:49:37,000
Speaker 1: So in one timeline the coin is heads, in another

1010
00:49:37,119 --> 00:49:39,639
its tails, and you split as well. There is a

1011
00:49:39,639 --> 00:49:41,800
physical version of you who sees heads and a physical

1012
00:49:41,880 --> 00:49:44,000
version of you who sees tails, and both of you

1013
00:49:44,039 --> 00:49:45,719
think you are the original only version.

1014
00:49:45,960 --> 00:49:49,360
Speaker 2: This means that right now, every millisecond, there are infinite

1015
00:49:49,400 --> 00:49:53,280
variations of you branching off. In one branch, you pause

1016
00:49:53,360 --> 00:49:57,159
this thrilling threads to get a snack. In another, you

1017
00:49:57,199 --> 00:50:00,559
spilled your coffee. In another, a dark matter particle hit

1018
00:50:00,599 --> 00:50:03,239
your DNA in just the wrong way and mutated a cell,

1019
00:50:03,559 --> 00:50:04,760
starting a terminal disease.

1020
00:50:05,280 --> 00:50:08,760
Speaker 1: And these aren't just fun hypothetical what ifs. MWI says,

1021
00:50:08,760 --> 00:50:12,360
they are physical, heavy places, with real mass, real energy,

1022
00:50:12,400 --> 00:50:13,280
and real suffering.

1023
00:50:13,519 --> 00:50:17,599
Speaker 2: Historically, physicists comfort themselves with the concept of decoherence, the

1024
00:50:17,679 --> 00:50:21,320
comforting idea that once the timeline split, the branches never

1025
00:50:21,400 --> 00:50:24,960
ever touch again. The doors are firmly permanently closed, keeping

1026
00:50:25,000 --> 00:50:27,559
our specific reality stable and isolated.

1027
00:50:27,840 --> 00:50:33,159
Speaker 1: However, recent highly controversial experiments by physicists Yakir Aranoff involving

1028
00:50:33,199 --> 00:50:36,119
weak measurement have found a microscopic crack in that wall.

1029
00:50:36,559 --> 00:50:40,239
By touching a particle incredibly gently, barely looking at it,

1030
00:50:40,320 --> 00:50:42,199
so to speak, ar and Off could see the quantum

1031
00:50:42,280 --> 00:50:44,719
state just before the universe fully splits, and.

1032
00:50:44,679 --> 00:50:47,079
Speaker 2: He found that the branches actually interfere with each other

1033
00:50:47,519 --> 00:50:50,679
before they fully separate, the realities physically rubbed together.

1034
00:50:50,840 --> 00:50:52,920
Speaker 1: I love the swimmer analogy for this because it makes

1035
00:50:52,960 --> 00:50:56,719
sense of the impossible. Imagine two swimmers doing aggressive laps

1036
00:50:56,719 --> 00:50:59,559
and parallel lanes in a pool. They never actually touch

1037
00:50:59,599 --> 00:51:02,599
each other, but the heavy waves churning from one swimmer

1038
00:51:02,760 --> 00:51:05,800
spill over the plastic lane line and physically push against

1039
00:51:05,840 --> 00:51:06,480
the other swimmer.

1040
00:51:06,639 --> 00:51:10,440
Speaker 2: Aharnov proved that non existent objects ghosts from an alternate

1041
00:51:10,480 --> 00:51:14,920
timeline can exert measurable physical force on existing ones. The

1042
00:51:15,000 --> 00:51:18,599
alternate timeline where a particle went left physically pushes the

1043
00:51:18,639 --> 00:51:20,400
particle in our timeline that went right.

1044
00:51:20,639 --> 00:51:25,320
Speaker 1: Now apply this terrifying interaction free measurement to the human brain.

1045
00:51:25,880 --> 00:51:28,400
The firing of your neurons. The very basis of your

1046
00:51:28,400 --> 00:51:32,559
consciousness is governed by microscopic ion channels opening and closing,

1047
00:51:32,639 --> 00:51:36,840
a chaotic process strictly dictated by quantum mechanics. If weak

1048
00:51:36,920 --> 00:51:40,320
measurement interference is real, then the electrical signals in your

1049
00:51:40,360 --> 00:51:44,199
brain are actively, constantly subject to interference from your alternate selves.

1050
00:51:44,440 --> 00:51:47,800
Speaker 2: It means your mind is not entirely private. The version

1051
00:51:47,840 --> 00:51:50,159
of you in the neighboring branch, the one who made

1052
00:51:50,159 --> 00:51:53,719
a completely different, maybe much darker choice, might literally be

1053
00:51:53,800 --> 00:51:56,639
chemically bumping into your neural pathways right now. When you

1054
00:51:56,679 --> 00:52:00,679
get a sudden, bizarre, highly intrusive thought that feel totally

1055
00:52:00,719 --> 00:52:03,519
alien to who you are, or an urge to swerve

1056
00:52:03,559 --> 00:52:06,679
your car that you can't explain, is it really your

1057
00:52:06,719 --> 00:52:09,679
thought or is it a weak measurement signal bleeding through

1058
00:52:09,719 --> 00:52:12,280
the cosmic wall from a timeline where you are a

1059
00:52:12,400 --> 00:52:14,440
very different, very dangerous person.

1060
00:52:14,800 --> 00:52:18,320
Speaker 1: It forces us to entirely reevaluate cultural phenomena like the

1061
00:52:18,360 --> 00:52:22,960
Mandela effect large groups of people distinctly remembering historical facts differently,

1062
00:52:23,480 --> 00:52:26,400
like the famous example of Nelson Mandela supposedly dying in

1063
00:52:26,440 --> 00:52:29,840
prison in the nineteen eighties. Psychologists easily call it false

1064
00:52:29,880 --> 00:52:33,440
memory or social contagion. But through the lens of multiverse physics,

1065
00:52:33,480 --> 00:52:36,400
weak measurement, and colliding brains, this might be a literal

1066
00:52:36,480 --> 00:52:40,320
data overwrite. If our brain briefly violently rushes against a

1067
00:52:40,320 --> 00:52:43,519
neighboring timeline where Mandela actually did die in prison, the

1068
00:52:43,559 --> 00:52:46,079
information structures become quantumly entangled.

1069
00:52:46,280 --> 00:52:49,920
Speaker 2: Imagine two computer hard drives violently copying files back and

1070
00:52:49,960 --> 00:52:53,719
forth during a crash. When the timelines finally separate again.

1071
00:52:54,039 --> 00:52:57,559
The macroscopic physical record of our world, the heavy history books,

1072
00:52:57,599 --> 00:53:00,679
the digital news archives might get physically overwritten by the

1073
00:53:00,679 --> 00:53:04,360
collision to reflect the new truth. But your brain is

1074
00:53:04,400 --> 00:53:08,119
an isolated quantum system. The microscopic quantum state of your

1075
00:53:08,119 --> 00:53:12,079
neurons might stubbornly retain the old data. So you aren't hallucinating,

1076
00:53:12,199 --> 00:53:15,159
You aren't crazy. You are a temporal refugee. You are

1077
00:53:15,159 --> 00:53:17,440
holding onto a perfectly accurate memory of a world that

1078
00:53:17,480 --> 00:53:20,880
physically no longer exists. The deep dissonance you feel is

1079
00:53:20,920 --> 00:53:23,519
the friction of a mind formatted in world A trying

1080
00:53:23,559 --> 00:53:25,559
to operate in world B. You are the only one

1081
00:53:25,599 --> 00:53:27,320
who didn't get the cosmic software update.

1082
00:53:27,559 --> 00:53:31,840
Speaker 1: This naturally inevitably leads to the darkest, most inescapable implication

1083
00:53:31,960 --> 00:53:36,639
of the Many world's interpretation quantum immortality, or as some

1084
00:53:36,880 --> 00:53:41,159
grimly call it, quantum suicide. The logic here is profoundly,

1085
00:53:41,280 --> 00:53:47,360
fundamentally unsettling. Consciousness requires a physical substrate, a working oxygenated brain,

1086
00:53:47,480 --> 00:53:52,599
to exist. You cannot subjectively experience nothingness. Therefore, from your

1087
00:53:52,639 --> 00:53:56,360
own first person subjective perspective, the only timeline you could

1088
00:53:56,360 --> 00:53:59,639
ever possibly inhabit is the one where you are biologically alive.

1089
00:53:59,639 --> 00:54:03,519
Speaker 2: To ab this thought experiment is horrifying. Imagine a game

1090
00:54:03,519 --> 00:54:06,559
of Russian Roulette. One bullet a spinning cylinder. In the

1091
00:54:06,599 --> 00:54:08,800
single normal universe, you have a one and six chance

1092
00:54:08,800 --> 00:54:12,239
of dying, pretty straightforward. But in the many worlds model,

1093
00:54:12,320 --> 00:54:15,119
pulling the trigger is a massive quantum event. The universe

1094
00:54:15,199 --> 00:54:18,719
violently splits into multiple branches. In five branches, the gunfires,

1095
00:54:18,719 --> 00:54:21,239
and you die instantly. The U in those branches ceases

1096
00:54:21,280 --> 00:54:23,800
to exist. The screen just goes permanently black. But the

1097
00:54:23,880 --> 00:54:26,440
U in the sixth survival branch here's a simple click.

1098
00:54:26,599 --> 00:54:29,360
You're still there. From your continuous subjective point of view,

1099
00:54:29,400 --> 00:54:30,840
the gun simply refused to fire.

1100
00:54:31,079 --> 00:54:33,920
Speaker 1: Now, imagine pulling the trigger fifty times in a row.

1101
00:54:34,360 --> 00:54:38,280
In the vast, overwhelming, astronomical majority of universes, you are

1102
00:54:38,320 --> 00:54:40,960
dead and buried. Your family is mourning. But in that

1103
00:54:41,000 --> 00:54:45,639
one infinitesimally thin, impossibly unlikely sliver of probability where the

1104
00:54:45,679 --> 00:54:49,199
gunjam fifty times due to microscopic quantum flukes, you are

1105
00:54:49,199 --> 00:54:52,400
still observing. You are trapped in the survival timeline. The

1106
00:54:52,400 --> 00:54:55,400
theory of quantum immortality suggests that you, the core observer

1107
00:54:55,519 --> 00:54:58,039
sitting behind your eyes, can never subjectively die.

1108
00:54:58,159 --> 00:55:01,840
Speaker 2: You will miraculously survive every terrifying car crash, You'll survive

1109
00:55:01,920 --> 00:55:06,480
every terminal disease diagnosis. As everyone you love ages and dies,

1110
00:55:06,519 --> 00:55:09,719
and the probabilistic branches around you, you are forced to

1111
00:55:09,800 --> 00:55:14,280
just keep going, eternally, transferring to increasingly unlikely, increasingly bizarre

1112
00:55:14,320 --> 00:55:18,719
branches where you remain biologically alive, perhaps oape to machines

1113
00:55:18,920 --> 00:55:22,280
or as a freak medical anomaly aging infinitely. Think back

1114
00:55:22,280 --> 00:55:24,239
to a moment in your life where you narrowly avoided

1115
00:55:24,239 --> 00:55:26,280
death a car on the highway that missed you by

1116
00:55:26,360 --> 00:55:29,679
niche a terrible illness. Are you truly sure you survived

1117
00:55:30,239 --> 00:55:32,280
or did you violently die? In the main timeline and

1118
00:55:32,280 --> 00:55:34,840
the consciousness. Listening to this audio right now is just

1119
00:55:34,880 --> 00:55:38,159
the backup copy that loaded into the highly improbable surviving branch.

1120
00:55:38,239 --> 00:55:42,000
Speaker 1: It is a staggering existential thought that redefines human fragility.

1121
00:55:42,360 --> 00:55:45,679
But while quantum immortality traps the individual observer in an

1122
00:55:45,760 --> 00:55:49,280
endless loop of survival, the macroscopic universe itself has its

1123
00:55:49,320 --> 00:55:53,440
own massive, unavoidable alarms ringing warning us of an impending

1124
00:55:53,519 --> 00:55:56,280
complete end to the entire system. Let's look at two

1125
00:55:56,280 --> 00:55:59,480
thousand and six, NASA launched the Arcade Balloon instrument to

1126
00:55:59,519 --> 00:56:02,320
the very edge of the Earth's atmosphere. Its mission was

1127
00:56:02,360 --> 00:56:05,559
simple and peaceful. Listen to the faint static radio waves

1128
00:56:05,599 --> 00:56:07,880
left over from the very first stars igniting in the

1129
00:56:07,920 --> 00:56:11,800
early universe. They expected to hear a quiet, calculable, ancient whisper.

1130
00:56:11,960 --> 00:56:15,320
Speaker 2: But when they turned the incredibly sensitive microphone on, they

1131
00:56:15,320 --> 00:56:19,119
didn't hear a whisper. They heard a deafening, terrifying screen.

1132
00:56:19,760 --> 00:56:22,559
The instrument detected a radio signal six times louder than

1133
00:56:22,559 --> 00:56:26,480
mathematically possible for our universe to produce. They panicked. They

1134
00:56:26,559 --> 00:56:28,800
ruled out interference from Earth. They ruled out the Sun.

1135
00:56:29,079 --> 00:56:32,280
They ruled out every galaxy, every quasar, every black hole.

1136
00:56:32,559 --> 00:56:36,079
They mathematically subtracted every single known radio source in the cosmos,

1137
00:56:36,280 --> 00:56:40,000
and the massive signal remained, a booming, omnipresent wall of

1138
00:56:40,000 --> 00:56:43,039
static noise coming from every direction at once. They dubbed

1139
00:56:43,039 --> 00:56:45,480
it the space roar. It's like expecting to hear a

1140
00:56:45,519 --> 00:56:48,000
pin drop in a silent, empty library and hearing a

1141
00:56:48,000 --> 00:56:50,480
mass of seven forty seven jet engines pooling up inside

1142
00:56:50,519 --> 00:56:51,199
the room. Instead.

1143
00:56:51,360 --> 00:56:54,880
Speaker 1: The math unequivocally states the source cannot be inside our universe.

1144
00:56:55,239 --> 00:56:57,960
There simply isn't enough raw matter to generate that level

1145
00:56:57,960 --> 00:57:01,239
of noise. This leaves only one terrifying option in the

1146
00:57:01,280 --> 00:57:04,880
context of brain cosmology. The walls of the room are vibrating.

1147
00:57:05,320 --> 00:57:08,360
If our universe is a membrane rubbing violently against another

1148
00:57:08,400 --> 00:57:12,320
neighboring universe, the intense cosmic friction would generate exactly this

1149
00:57:12,440 --> 00:57:15,960
type of immense radio energy. Think of two massive rubber

1150
00:57:15,960 --> 00:57:18,960
balloons pressing and sliding against each other. They squeak, But

1151
00:57:19,000 --> 00:57:21,519
when the balloons are the size of entire universes filled

1152
00:57:21,519 --> 00:57:25,599
with trillions of galaxies, that squeak manifests as a deafening

1153
00:57:25,679 --> 00:57:29,079
roar of radio energy flooding the cosmos. We are literally

1154
00:57:29,119 --> 00:57:32,000
listening to the friction of the fifth dimension, the physical

1155
00:57:32,000 --> 00:57:34,679
grinding of our brain against a neighbor that is getting far,

1156
00:57:34,840 --> 00:57:35,639
far too close.

1157
00:57:36,039 --> 00:57:38,599
Speaker 2: And while NASA's high tech ballooms here the roar up

1158
00:57:38,639 --> 00:57:41,440
in cold space, normal people on the ground are feeling

1159
00:57:41,440 --> 00:57:44,239
it too. Have you heard of the hum? Since the

1160
00:57:44,320 --> 00:57:47,559
nineteen seventies, In places like Bristol in the uk taus,

1161
00:57:47,639 --> 00:57:51,360
in New Mexico, windsor in Canada, thousands of ordinary people

1162
00:57:51,400 --> 00:57:55,079
report this maddening, persistent, low frequency sound. It sounds like

1163
00:57:55,119 --> 00:57:58,000
a massive diesel truck idling just outside your window, or

1164
00:57:58,039 --> 00:58:01,719
a giant industrial generator Bury did keep underground. It rattles winders,

1165
00:58:02,039 --> 00:58:05,599
It causes severe insomnia and nausea and nose bleeds. Acoustic

1166
00:58:05,639 --> 00:58:09,000
engineers rigorously hunt for the source and find absolutely nothing,

1167
00:58:09,360 --> 00:58:12,159
no factories, no pipes, and worst of all, it doesn't

1168
00:58:12,159 --> 00:58:15,719
fade if you wear industrial earplugs. It vibrates directly inside

1169
00:58:15,760 --> 00:58:16,519
the bone of the skull.

1170
00:58:16,760 --> 00:58:20,599
Speaker 1: Medical doctors often quickly dismiss it as mass hysteria or tenitis.

1171
00:58:20,800 --> 00:58:23,760
But tonitis is high pitched internal ringing, and it doesn't

1172
00:58:23,760 --> 00:58:28,000
strike Thousands of people in specific, localized geographic clusters simultaneously

1173
00:58:28,719 --> 00:58:33,079
cosmologists suggest a much darker, much grander origin. If two

1174
00:58:33,159 --> 00:58:37,000
massive membrane universes are drifting closer together, they interact via

1175
00:58:37,039 --> 00:58:40,840
gravitational waves long before they physically touch. These waves are

1176
00:58:40,960 --> 00:58:44,400
literal ripples in the fabric of space time. If a

1177
00:58:44,440 --> 00:58:47,840
massive gravitational wave from the approaching brain passes through the Earth,

1178
00:58:48,079 --> 00:58:51,039
it would rhythmically compress and stretch the planet's rocky crust.

1179
00:58:51,760 --> 00:58:54,880
To a fragile human being, a crustal vibration at around

1180
00:58:54,920 --> 00:58:57,679
ten hertz wouldn't feel like a normal earthquake. It would

1181
00:58:57,679 --> 00:59:01,719
feel like a deep, oppressive sound infrasonic resonance, felt deep

1182
00:59:01,760 --> 00:59:04,280
in the bones. The hum might be the literal physical

1183
00:59:04,320 --> 00:59:06,400
creaking of the Earth as it is squeezed by the

1184
00:59:06,400 --> 00:59:10,039
gravity of an approaching universe, the immense pressure building up

1185
00:59:10,039 --> 00:59:10,639
before the pop.

1186
00:59:10,880 --> 00:59:13,400
Speaker 2: But why are we colliding? What is driving us toward

1187
00:59:13,440 --> 00:59:16,280
this impact? Why is the gap between the universes closing?

1188
00:59:17,199 --> 00:59:20,000
This comes down to a bizarre quantum phenomenon called the

1189
00:59:20,000 --> 00:59:24,440
Casimir effect. In quantum mechanics, empty space isn't actually empty.

1190
00:59:24,760 --> 00:59:27,880
It is violently seething, with virtual particles popping in and

1191
00:59:27,920 --> 00:59:31,599
out of existence, creating immense vacuum pressure. If you put

1192
00:59:31,639 --> 00:59:35,360
two perfectly flat, uncharged metal plates extremely close together in

1193
00:59:35,400 --> 00:59:38,559
a hard vacuum and a lab, they are mysteriously powerfully

1194
00:59:38,599 --> 00:59:42,679
pushed together. Why because only tiny small quantum waves can

1195
00:59:42,719 --> 00:59:46,159
fit in the microscopic gap between them, but massive waves

1196
00:59:46,199 --> 00:59:49,639
of all sizes push from the infinite outside. The vacuum

1197
00:59:49,679 --> 00:59:50,960
physically crushes them.

1198
00:59:50,800 --> 00:59:54,639
Speaker 1: Together, and massive cosmic brains act exactly like those tiny

1199
00:59:54,719 --> 00:59:58,039
metal plates. If our universe is floating just a single

1200
00:59:58,199 --> 01:00:02,159
millimeter away from another heavy members, the immense quantum fluctuations

1201
01:00:02,159 --> 01:00:05,400
in the bulk create a massive Casimir force. The entire

1202
01:00:05,440 --> 01:00:08,960
system is fundamentally unstable. The vacuum pressure of the fifth

1203
01:00:08,960 --> 01:00:12,559
dimension acts like a colossal cosmic zipper, magnetically pulling the

1204
01:00:12,599 --> 01:00:15,800
parallel universes together. The closer they get, the stronger the

1205
01:00:15,840 --> 01:00:18,639
crushing force becomes, and the faster they accelerate toward each.

1206
01:00:18,480 --> 01:00:22,159
Speaker 2: Other, which leads right into the deeply controversial expirotic model

1207
01:00:22,480 --> 01:00:25,880
proposed by physicists Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok at the

1208
01:00:25,880 --> 01:00:28,880
prestigious Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton back in two

1209
01:00:28,920 --> 01:00:32,760
thousand and one. This model terrified the scientific community because

1210
01:00:32,760 --> 01:00:36,239
It completely stole our beloved origin story. We've always been

1211
01:00:36,280 --> 01:00:38,039
comforted by the idea that the Big Bang was a

1212
01:00:38,039 --> 01:00:41,559
one time miracle, a beautiful explosion out of a tiny singularity.

1213
01:00:42,079 --> 01:00:44,679
But Steinhardt and Turok looked at the advanced math of

1214
01:00:44,719 --> 01:00:47,760
string theory and realized the Big Bang looks exactly like

1215
01:00:47,800 --> 01:00:51,320
a high speed collision. In their model, our brain and

1216
01:00:51,400 --> 01:00:54,440
a heavy shadow brain drift together every few trillion years.

1217
01:00:55,119 --> 01:00:58,079
When they violently touch, The kinetic energy of the crash

1218
01:00:58,159 --> 01:01:02,079
instantly converts into unimaginable heat and radiation. To us living

1219
01:01:02,119 --> 01:01:04,920
inside the brain, this violent impact looks exactly like a

1220
01:01:04,960 --> 01:01:05,480
Big Bang.

1221
01:01:05,679 --> 01:01:09,119
Speaker 1: It implies a radical paradigm shift. The Big Bang was

1222
01:01:09,159 --> 01:01:11,320
not the beginning of time. It was just the latest

1223
01:01:11,400 --> 01:01:14,800
violent clap of thunder and an internal, unending storm, a

1224
01:01:14,840 --> 01:01:19,039
brutal cycle of complete destruction and rebirth. We're currently in

1225
01:01:19,079 --> 01:01:22,519
the peaceful cooling phase, drifting apart after the last massive crash,

1226
01:01:22,599 --> 01:01:25,119
but the Casimir gravity is already pulling us back, and

1227
01:01:25,159 --> 01:01:28,960
this perfectly elegantly explains the greatest, most stubborn mystery in

1228
01:01:29,000 --> 01:01:33,480
modern cosmology, dark energy. In the late nineties, astronomers realize

1229
01:01:33,480 --> 01:01:36,280
the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Galaxies are flying

1230
01:01:36,320 --> 01:01:39,880
apart faster every single day. We assume some mysterious invisible

1231
01:01:39,920 --> 01:01:42,199
push called dark energy was responsible, But.

1232
01:01:42,199 --> 01:01:44,800
Speaker 2: In the ecorotic model, dark energy isn't a push at all.

1233
01:01:45,000 --> 01:01:48,880
It's a massive pull. Think about two strong magnets slowly

1234
01:01:48,880 --> 01:01:53,039
getting closer. As the distance shrinks, the magnetic force gets

1235
01:01:53,079 --> 01:01:57,239
exponentially stronger, so they rapidly accelerate toward each other. Steinhardt

1236
01:01:57,320 --> 01:02:00,480
and Turok mathematically argue that the acceleration we see in

1237
01:02:00,480 --> 01:02:03,880
our telescopes is actually the gravitational attraction of the neighboring

1238
01:02:03,880 --> 01:02:06,760
shadow brain. The universe is stretching because we are in

1239
01:02:06,840 --> 01:02:10,639
terrifying free fall toward a solid wall. The accelerating expansion

1240
01:02:10,679 --> 01:02:13,480
of the cosmos is the smoking gun that the dimensional

1241
01:02:13,559 --> 01:02:16,440
gap is rapidly closing. We are playing the gas pedal

1242
01:02:16,559 --> 01:02:18,519
entirely to the floor toward the final impact.

1243
01:02:18,840 --> 01:02:21,920
Speaker 1: And if that grand cosmic collision feels too vast or

1244
01:02:21,960 --> 01:02:25,000
abstract to worry about, there is a much more immediate,

1245
01:02:25,159 --> 01:02:29,320
highly microscopic way for physics to abruptly end. Vacuum decay.

1246
01:02:30,000 --> 01:02:32,880
In quantum field theory, a vacuum is the lowest possible

1247
01:02:33,039 --> 01:02:36,000
energy state of a given field. Imagine a heavy ball

1248
01:02:36,039 --> 01:02:38,440
resting peacefully at the very bottom of a deep valley.

1249
01:02:38,440 --> 01:02:40,679
If you kick it, it just rolls back to the bottom.

1250
01:02:40,880 --> 01:02:44,239
It is entirely permanently stable. That is a true vacuum.

1251
01:02:44,440 --> 01:02:47,000
But imagine a ball stuck in a small, shallow dip

1252
01:02:47,039 --> 01:02:49,679
halfway up the side of a steep mountain. It looks stable,

1253
01:02:49,760 --> 01:02:51,480
it stays put for millions of years, but if you

1254
01:02:51,480 --> 01:02:53,119
give it a hard enough kick, it rolls over the

1255
01:02:53,199 --> 01:02:55,079
edge and crashes violently all the way down to the

1256
01:02:55,079 --> 01:02:57,280
real bottom of the valley. That is a false vacuum.

1257
01:02:57,320 --> 01:02:59,480
Speaker 2: For decades, physicist didn't know if our universe was in

1258
01:02:59,519 --> 01:03:02,679
a true sat a vacuum, or a dangerous false vacuum.

1259
01:03:03,159 --> 01:03:06,000
Then in twenty twelve, the Large Hadron Collider found the

1260
01:03:06,039 --> 01:03:09,519
holy grail of physics, the Higgs boson. This is the

1261
01:03:09,559 --> 01:03:13,079
fundamental particle that gives mass to absolutely everything. They measured

1262
01:03:13,119 --> 01:03:15,519
its exact mass at approximately one hundred and twenty five

1263
01:03:15,559 --> 01:03:19,760
giga electron volts or GIV, and that specific exact number

1264
01:03:19,800 --> 01:03:22,920
is the absolute worst possible news for reality. If the

1265
01:03:23,000 --> 01:03:25,800
Higgs were lighter, we would be perfectly permanently stable. If

1266
01:03:25,800 --> 01:03:28,639
it were heavier, the universe would have violently collapsed. Eons

1267
01:03:28,639 --> 01:03:31,400
ago at exactly one twenty five GV. We were sitting

1268
01:03:31,440 --> 01:03:34,559
right in the Goldilocks zone of the apocalypse. We are manaestable.

1269
01:03:34,760 --> 01:03:36,840
We are the fragile balls stuck halfway up the mountain

1270
01:03:36,880 --> 01:03:37,880
waiting for a breeze.

1271
01:03:38,039 --> 01:03:41,639
Speaker 1: It implies our universe's vacuum is not the true safe bottom.

1272
01:03:42,039 --> 01:03:44,679
There is a much lower, much more stable energy state

1273
01:03:44,719 --> 01:03:47,320
waiting below us. All it takes is one high energy

1274
01:03:47,360 --> 01:03:51,159
quantum fluctuation, a random microscopic kick, perhaps from a black

1275
01:03:51,159 --> 01:03:54,360
hole evaporating or a high energy particle collision, to knock

1276
01:03:54,400 --> 01:03:57,679
the Higgs field over the precarious edge. If that happens,

1277
01:03:57,760 --> 01:04:02,599
a microscopic bubble of true vacuum will. Inside this tiny bubble,

1278
01:04:02,679 --> 01:04:06,400
the very laws of physics are completely, irreversibly rewritten. The

1279
01:04:06,440 --> 01:04:11,360
fundamental constants of nature instantly change, Chemistry becomes mathematically impossible,

1280
01:04:11,599 --> 01:04:14,679
atoms cannot hold their electrons, crotons repel each other, and

1281
01:04:14,719 --> 01:04:17,400
this bubble of new physics expands outward in all directions

1282
01:04:17,400 --> 01:04:20,199
at the exact speed of light, consuming absolutely everything in

1283
01:04:20,239 --> 01:04:22,599
its path. The solid ground beneath our feet as a

1284
01:04:22,639 --> 01:04:25,679
trapdoor held shut by a rusty, decaying latch, and.

1285
01:04:25,679 --> 01:04:28,960
Speaker 2: Because it expands perfectly at the speed of light. Here

1286
01:04:29,039 --> 01:04:31,599
is the cruelest, most ironic joke in all of physics.

1287
01:04:32,480 --> 01:04:35,039
The exact same law that lets us beautifully see the

1288
01:04:35,079 --> 01:04:38,760
stars entirely blinds us to their destruction. If a lion

1289
01:04:38,840 --> 01:04:40,679
runs at you in the savannah, you see it coming.

1290
01:04:41,119 --> 01:04:43,320
If a massive hurricane approaches the coast, you see the

1291
01:04:43,360 --> 01:04:47,400
dark clouds on the horizon. Days in advance, we naturally

1292
01:04:47,440 --> 01:04:50,320
instinctively assume that if a bubble of true vacuum or

1293
01:04:50,320 --> 01:04:52,800
a colliding dimensional brain was coming to end the universe,

1294
01:04:53,039 --> 01:04:56,280
we would see the sky dramatically darken. We imagine stars

1295
01:04:56,320 --> 01:04:59,880
winking out one by one. But physics absolutely forbids any warning.

1296
01:05:00,360 --> 01:05:03,079
The destructive shockwave travels at exactly the speed of light.

1297
01:05:03,480 --> 01:05:06,400
No warning signal, no visual image, no radio wave can

1298
01:05:06,440 --> 01:05:08,559
travel faster than the wave of destruction itself.

1299
01:05:08,880 --> 01:05:11,599
Speaker 1: The horrific news of the apocalypse arrives at the exact

1300
01:05:11,599 --> 01:05:14,719
same nanosecond as the apocalypse itself. It could be looking

1301
01:05:14,760 --> 01:05:16,920
through a telescope directly at the point in the sky

1302
01:05:17,000 --> 01:05:20,000
where the vacuum decay bubble originated. A billion years ago.

1303
01:05:20,360 --> 01:05:23,920
To your human eyes, that patch of sky looks perfectly normal, peaceful,

1304
01:05:24,000 --> 01:05:27,039
and filled with twinkling stars. The ancient light from those

1305
01:05:27,039 --> 01:05:29,679
stars is hitting your retina at the exact same moment

1306
01:05:29,719 --> 01:05:32,920
the invisible wall of destructive energy hits your face. There

1307
01:05:32,960 --> 01:05:35,320
is no before, there is no during, There is only

1308
01:05:35,360 --> 01:05:36,159
a permanent after.

1309
01:05:36,360 --> 01:05:38,719
Speaker 2: You wouldn't even have the time to feel pain. The

1310
01:05:38,800 --> 01:05:41,360
electrical nerve impulse is traveling from your skin to your

1311
01:05:41,360 --> 01:05:44,440
brain move about one hundred meters per second. That is

1312
01:05:44,760 --> 01:05:49,840
agonizingly hilariously slow compared to the three hundred thousand kilometers

1313
01:05:49,840 --> 01:05:52,840
per second of the speed of light. The invisible wall

1314
01:05:52,840 --> 01:05:56,360
of new physics would completely dismantle your neurons, your carbon atoms,

1315
01:05:56,880 --> 01:05:59,440
and the very seat of your consciousness before the electrical

1316
01:05:59,480 --> 01:06:02,599
pain signs will even reach your spine. One second, you're

1317
01:06:02,639 --> 01:06:06,039
drinking your morning coffee, stressing about an annoying email, listening

1318
01:06:06,039 --> 01:06:07,920
to this deep dive into the material, and the very

1319
01:06:07,920 --> 01:06:10,800
next nanosecond, without a flash of light, without a single sound,

1320
01:06:10,840 --> 01:06:13,679
you simply cease to be. The continuity of your consciousness

1321
01:06:13,760 --> 01:06:16,880
is snipped like a physical film reel. It's just a sudden,

1322
01:06:16,920 --> 01:06:18,920
painless switch to absolute black.

1323
01:06:18,760 --> 01:06:22,039
Speaker 1: And from a strictly thermodynamic perspective, it is the ultimate

1324
01:06:22,119 --> 01:06:26,000
format see command on a computer. In standard quantum physics,

1325
01:06:26,119 --> 01:06:30,000
unitarity dictates that information is never truly lost. If you

1326
01:06:30,079 --> 01:06:33,199
burn a heavy encyclopedia, the information is scrambled into smoke

1327
01:06:33,239 --> 01:06:37,519
and mash, but theoretically, with a powerful enough computer, reconstructible.

1328
01:06:38,199 --> 01:06:41,239
But a brain collision or vacuum decay breaks this sacred

1329
01:06:41,280 --> 01:06:44,679
rule entirely. It rewrites the foundational laws of physics that

1330
01:06:44,719 --> 01:06:47,960
allow matter to hold a shape. The strong binding energy

1331
01:06:48,000 --> 01:06:52,119
holding quirks together is instantly released. All matter aggressively returns

1332
01:06:52,159 --> 01:06:56,000
to a smooth quark gluon plasma, a primal boiling soup

1333
01:06:56,039 --> 01:06:59,599
with zero structure, zero memory, and zero history. A carbon

1334
01:06:59,639 --> 01:07:02,880
atom from a majestic dinosaur bone becomes mathematically and physically

1335
01:07:02,960 --> 01:07:04,559
indistinguishable from a carbon atom.

1336
01:07:04,599 --> 01:07:08,280
Speaker 2: In William Shakespeare's Brain, everything humanity has ever built, loved,

1337
01:07:08,400 --> 01:07:12,119
or suffered, for the Great Pyramids, the vast Internet, the

1338
01:07:12,159 --> 01:07:15,599
Apollo Moon landings, the art and the Louver. The very

1339
01:07:15,679 --> 01:07:20,159
recording of this podcast instantly converted into perfectly random thermal noise.

1340
01:07:20,559 --> 01:07:22,519
There will be no grand ruins left behind for the

1341
01:07:22,559 --> 01:07:26,480
next alien civilization defined no golden voyager probe drifting in

1342
01:07:26,519 --> 01:07:29,480
the dark to prove we were beautifully here. The cosmic

1343
01:07:29,519 --> 01:07:32,360
car drive is violently melted down and cast into a

1344
01:07:32,360 --> 01:07:36,440
completely new shape. In the ecuotic model, this horror is

1345
01:07:36,519 --> 01:07:38,920
just the standard cleaning process, so the cosmic cycle can

1346
01:07:38,920 --> 01:07:41,760
start again. We are just temporary, fragile patterns in the

1347
01:07:41,800 --> 01:07:46,039
dust before the next heavy wind blows. Countless magnificent civilizations

1348
01:07:46,039 --> 01:07:48,800
have likely risen, look up at the stars, built empires,

1349
01:07:48,800 --> 01:07:51,800
and been erased just like us, leaving absolutely zero trace.

1350
01:07:52,280 --> 01:07:55,360
Speaker 1: So we synthesize all of this overwhelming data. The lock

1351
01:07:55,440 --> 01:07:59,559
sided plant cold spot, Kashlinsky's terrifying dark flow pulling ten

1352
01:07:59,559 --> 01:08:03,039
percent of our universe, the seasonal demolober dark matter wind,

1353
01:08:03,079 --> 01:08:06,159
the booming space roar. It all aggressively points to one

1354
01:08:06,280 --> 01:08:10,840
undeniable conclusion. The system is profoundly unstable, heavily damaged, and

1355
01:08:10,880 --> 01:08:14,360
we are absolutely not in control. Logically, the sheer scale

1356
01:08:14,360 --> 01:08:16,800
of this cosmic nihilism should absolutely terrify you.

1357
01:08:16,880 --> 01:08:18,159
Speaker 2: It's a lot to take in, but.

1358
01:08:18,199 --> 01:08:20,840
Speaker 1: Honestly, I want you to really hear me on this.

1359
01:08:21,399 --> 01:08:24,000
If you flip your perspective just a few degrees, this

1360
01:08:24,039 --> 01:08:26,880
is the most incredibly liberating news you will ever hear

1361
01:08:26,880 --> 01:08:30,319
in your entire life. We spend our entire brief lives

1362
01:08:30,319 --> 01:08:33,079
completely stressed out because we inherently think we are the

1363
01:08:33,079 --> 01:08:35,399
main characters of reality. We think the heavyweight of the

1364
01:08:35,399 --> 01:08:38,600
world is resting solely on our shoulders. We agonize over

1365
01:08:38,640 --> 01:08:41,760
making the wrong career choices, saying the wrong thing, failing.

1366
01:08:42,199 --> 01:08:45,560
But this physics tells us we are just tiny passengers

1367
01:08:45,600 --> 01:08:48,800
on a rock falling violently through a massive gravity well

1368
01:08:48,880 --> 01:08:52,079
inside a fragile bubble, floating in a multi dimensional bolt,

1369
01:08:52,159 --> 01:08:56,000
governed by forces so unimaginably massive they make the entirety

1370
01:08:56,000 --> 01:08:58,960
of human history look like a microscopic rounding error. You

1371
01:08:58,960 --> 01:09:01,800
cannot stop the massive brains from colliding, You cannot steer

1372
01:09:01,880 --> 01:09:03,800
the milky way out of the raging dark flow. You

1373
01:09:03,840 --> 01:09:07,479
cannot patch the false vacuum because you absolutely cannot control it.

1374
01:09:07,560 --> 01:09:09,760
You are completely, wonderfully free.

1375
01:09:09,840 --> 01:09:14,279
Speaker 2: It completely reframes human anxiety. The sheer, overwhelming scale of

1376
01:09:14,279 --> 01:09:18,079
these cosmic mechanics successfully cancels out personal everyday dread.

1377
01:09:18,479 --> 01:09:21,399
Speaker 1: Exactly did you embarrass yourself at a party last night?

1378
01:09:21,560 --> 01:09:24,920
Who cares? The universe is literally colliding with another dimension?

1379
01:09:25,199 --> 01:09:26,840
Are you worried about paying your mortgage or what your

1380
01:09:26,840 --> 01:09:29,199
boss thinks of you. It literally doesn't matter. The vacuum

1381
01:09:29,239 --> 01:09:32,359
might decay tomorrow at the speed of light. This cosmic

1382
01:09:32,439 --> 01:09:36,439
nihilism feels like a massive collective sigh of relief. It

1383
01:09:36,439 --> 01:09:39,439
gives you the ultimate permission to stop taking everything so

1384
01:09:39,760 --> 01:09:44,520
crushingly seriously. We are the lucky chemical scum that miraculously

1385
01:09:44,560 --> 01:09:47,680
woke up for a brief shining man of second right

1386
01:09:47,680 --> 01:09:50,640
in the middle of a violent, beautiful, cosmic fireworks show.

1387
01:09:51,199 --> 01:09:52,960
We got to see the light of ancient stars. We

1388
01:09:52,960 --> 01:09:54,760
got to feel the warmth of the sun on our skin.

1389
01:09:54,840 --> 01:09:57,159
We got the massive cognitive capacity to look at the

1390
01:09:57,239 --> 01:10:00,640
dark and ask why that is an unbelievable miracle. We

1391
01:10:00,680 --> 01:10:03,640
are walking a frayed tightrope over a bottomless, terrifying pit,

1392
01:10:03,840 --> 01:10:06,479
but the view from up here is just spectacular. So

1393
01:10:06,520 --> 01:10:09,199
stop looking down at the terrifying abyss, look up, grab

1394
01:10:09,239 --> 01:10:12,079
a coffee, hug someone you fiercely love, and appreciate the

1395
01:10:12,119 --> 01:10:15,520
absolute miracle that, right now, in this improbably stable second,

1396
01:10:15,560 --> 01:10:18,000
your atoms are holding together just long enough to feel

1397
01:10:18,000 --> 01:10:18,560
something real.

1398
01:10:18,840 --> 01:10:22,800
Speaker 2: It's a beautiful, essential synthesis of the sheer terror and

1399
01:10:22,840 --> 01:10:24,960
the immense privilege of our brief existence.

1400
01:10:25,199 --> 01:10:28,439
Speaker 1: We've talked so much about how physical gravity violently leaks

1401
01:10:28,479 --> 01:10:32,159
between these parallel universes, acting like a cosmic tether, but

1402
01:10:32,239 --> 01:10:35,680
it leaves you wondering something deeply provocative. If gravity can

1403
01:10:35,720 --> 01:10:39,600
cross the terrifying void of the bulk, could consciousness? If

1404
01:10:39,640 --> 01:10:42,560
the human brain operates on delicate quantum principles, as we

1405
01:10:42,600 --> 01:10:46,239
discussed with weak measurement, Are our sudden gut feelings, our

1406
01:10:46,319 --> 01:10:51,279
intense instincts, or our moments of inexplicable dread actually warnings?

1407
01:10:51,600 --> 01:10:54,760
Are they desperate signals being transmitted through the bulk from

1408
01:10:54,800 --> 01:10:57,199
a shadow version of ourselves in a neighboring reality who

1409
01:10:57,239 --> 01:11:00,560
already made the wrong choice. Drop a comment, let us

1410
01:11:00,560 --> 01:11:02,680
know where you stand on that, and, as always, keep

1411
01:11:02,720 --> 01:11:05,840
looking up. Thanks for listening to this episode of Thrilling Friends.