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<v Speaker 1>You make time to move, to breathe, to check your stamina,

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<v Speaker 1>your sleep, your steps. But when did you last look

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<v Speaker 1>at health insurance for you or those you care about?

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<v Speaker 1>With the Health Insurance Authority Comparison Tool, you can. It's quick,

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<v Speaker 1>free and completely impartial. Compare every health insurance plan and

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<v Speaker 1>find the right cover for you. The Health Insurance Authority

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<v Speaker 1>time online spent well, make your next click count hateia

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<v Speaker 1>do ie. The Health Insurance Authority is a regulatory body

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<v Speaker 1>under the Government of Ireland.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh hey, it's the lady recording a podcast at a

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<v Speaker 2>rental car in an airport parking lot for real, ali wart,

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<v Speaker 2>I'm here. It's Spooketober. Okay, it's Halloween week. This episode

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<v Speaker 2>is so robust, it's so meaty and juicy, it's just

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<v Speaker 2>going to bleed into November. This is a two parter

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<v Speaker 2>because it's that good. So this is part one. I

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<v Speaker 2>talked to this ologist for nearly two hours, and I

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<v Speaker 2>felt like I should have paid a price of admission

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<v Speaker 2>for the conversation, which is, I guess what his college

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<v Speaker 2>students do via tuition. But I can tell you you're

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<v Speaker 2>in for a treat, and the trick is that you

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<v Speaker 2>get it for free, So get excited now. This ologist

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<v Speaker 2>came to my attention when someone encountered doctor Lauren Esposito,

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<v Speaker 2>the scorpiology guest, and grabbed laurence phone and texted me

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<v Speaker 2>from her phone to please hunt this vampire guide down. So,

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<v Speaker 2>Miranda Mosley, I'm talking about you. You hooked it up.

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<v Speaker 2>Well done. Thank you. Also, thank you to everyone for

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<v Speaker 2>supporting at patreon dot com slash ologies. You support the

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<v Speaker 2>show and you send in your vampire questions and I

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<v Speaker 2>love you. You can join for as little as a dollar

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<v Speaker 2>a month, So thank you to everyone also wearing ologies

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<v Speaker 2>merch fromologiesmerch dot com and for supporting the show. You

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<v Speaker 2>can do it for zero dollars just by subscribing and

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<v Speaker 2>rating and reviewing. Help so much. Yemagge left a review

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<v Speaker 2>this week that said you will squeal with delight and

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<v Speaker 2>hmm in thought almost every episode. So I hope you

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<v Speaker 2>do that. You're going to do a lot of h

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<v Speaker 2>and a lot of what.

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<v Speaker 3>So.

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<v Speaker 2>Vampiology came from the word vampire, which may come from

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<v Speaker 2>an old Slavic word vape here or Turkish, for which

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<v Speaker 2>it's disputed, but vampiology is definitely a term. It's a

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<v Speaker 2>word for the scholarly pursuit of this field, and this

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<v Speaker 2>guest is just one of the world's finest, a legend.

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<v Speaker 2>No other vamproologist would do so. He got his PhD

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<v Speaker 2>in Slavic Languages at Ohio State University and is now

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<v Speaker 2>a senior lecturer in Slavic and Eastern European Languages and

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<v Speaker 2>Cultures at Indiana University in Bloomington, and one of the

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<v Speaker 2>school's no doubt most popular courses is his The Vampire

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<v Speaker 2>in European and American Culture. This episode is a wild ride.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know how we got him, but I love

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<v Speaker 2>that we did. You're gonna love him, So find a

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<v Speaker 2>shady spot and prepare to drink in the functions of folklore,

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<v Speaker 2>the mysteries of medicine, Pale Tailer's subtweeting, Lithario's ghost story competitions,

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<v Speaker 2>penny dreadfuls, plagiarism, zene art, lawsuits, destruction, resurrection, social taboos,

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<v Speaker 2>weaponized fiction, escalating monster warfare, romanticism, and propagandism. With a

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<v Speaker 2>professor who proves not all heroes wear vampire capes. Vamprologist

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<v Speaker 2>Doctor Jeff Poldeman.

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<v Speaker 3>Hi, my name is Jeff holdeman and I use he

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<v Speaker 3>hymn pronouns.

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<v Speaker 2>And we edit too so we can stop starring. We're

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<v Speaker 2>not live at all wonderful.

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<v Speaker 3>We are undead. Ali, we are undead.

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<v Speaker 2>I couldn't have said it better than myself. I'm definitely

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<v Speaker 2>talking to I think the best person in the world

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<v Speaker 2>for an episode on vampirology. I think that would be

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<v Speaker 2>the ology.

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<v Speaker 3>This is well, you know that I love your other

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<v Speaker 3>podcasts where you have you know, other great Greek sounding names,

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<v Speaker 3>and vampire vampire ology just is a little bit too transparent.

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<v Speaker 3>So maybe like fangy Bytology if you want to have

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<v Speaker 3>another option there, But vampirology is completely fine.

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<v Speaker 2>Hemo heemophageology very good.

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<v Speaker 3>Yes, blood eating maybe, yeah, exactly. But please understand that

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<v Speaker 3>not all vampires drink blood, so they're not all hemophages.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, who doesn't Which vampires don't drink blood? This is

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<v Speaker 2>exciting already?

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<v Speaker 3>Oh our psychic vampires?

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<v Speaker 2>Oh my gosh, Okay, have you been actually tell you?

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<v Speaker 3>I can tell you all about our different types of

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<v Speaker 3>vampires as you like and stuff. But I already when

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<v Speaker 3>you say have you been watching, I already know that

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<v Speaker 3>you're going to ask am I watching What We Do

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<v Speaker 3>in the Shadows with Colin Robinson.

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<v Speaker 2>Absolutely, it's so good. It's so good. So many people asked,

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<v Speaker 2>have you been watching it? And I've been watching it too,

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<v Speaker 2>and it's just in my head. I just keep thinking Loslow, Loslow,

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<v Speaker 2>all day Letlow so good. So now you are a

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<v Speaker 2>professor in this in Indiana? How did you come to

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<v Speaker 2>be a lecturer? You're in the Department of Slavic Languages

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<v Speaker 2>and Literature, is correct.

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<v Speaker 3>Slavic and Eest European Languages and Cultures at Indiana University

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<v Speaker 3>at Bloomington.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, at what point did that even become an option?

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<v Speaker 3>So full disclosure. My maternal grandmother was born in Transylvania,

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<v Speaker 3>and so the roots go back very far. But she

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<v Speaker 3>only mentioned wolves. So she came to the United States

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<v Speaker 3>right before at the out of World War One, the

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<v Speaker 3>last sailing of her ship. You know, if somebody had

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<v Speaker 3>had pink eye, I would not be talking to you

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<v Speaker 3>right now. But she came with her entire family, but

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<v Speaker 3>she would still talk about the old country. And my

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<v Speaker 3>mom and I actually got to go back and visit

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<v Speaker 3>in nineteen ninety nine, back to her village and everything,

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<v Speaker 3>and it was just as magical as you would expect,

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<v Speaker 3>but she would talk about wolves at night and maybe

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<v Speaker 3>some mentions of like witch's kind of category, but no

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<v Speaker 3>vampire talk. And it wasn't until I got to the

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<v Speaker 3>Ohio State University to do my graduate studies. In my

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<v Speaker 3>second year there, they called in a hatchet dean to

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<v Speaker 3>get rid of our department. And they said, we're going

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<v Speaker 3>to close your department. And one of my professors, doctor

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<v Speaker 3>Dan Collins, said, well, you know what's the problem here,

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<v Speaker 3>and they said, well, your enrollments are low in the department.

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<v Speaker 3>And he said, oh enrollments. Well, I took a vampire

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<v Speaker 3>course at the University of Virginia with Jan Perkowski, and

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<v Speaker 3>if you want to see enrollments, I'll give you enrollments.

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<v Speaker 3>So he developed the course based on what he had studied.

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<v Speaker 3>Another graduate student and I were his assistants and his

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<v Speaker 3>dual ren Fields, and we got dressed up in peasant shirts.

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<v Speaker 3>I went down to Star Sales in Columbus, Ohio, and

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<v Speaker 3>like bought you know, one hundred and forty four packs

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<v Speaker 3>of plastic vampire teeth. We made flyers, stapled the teeth

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<v Speaker 3>to the flyer, went out. I put bite marks on

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<v Speaker 3>my neck and we handed out flyers for the course

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<v Speaker 3>and got two hundred and twenty students in the class

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<v Speaker 3>the first year.

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<v Speaker 2>That's a lot.

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<v Speaker 3>So we had one of the largest classrooms on campus

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<v Speaker 3>and it was all lecture based and PowerPoint and really

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<v Speaker 3>there was I was frustrated because students were learning factoids

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<v Speaker 3>and not really putting it together. And you know, we

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<v Speaker 3>could give multiple choice tests but not really delve deep.

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<v Speaker 3>And so I was like, if I ran the zoo,

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<v Speaker 3>I said, if I ever teach this class, I'm going

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<v Speaker 3>to make it a boutique course, twenty students, seminar, essay tests,

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<v Speaker 3>and research projects.

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<v Speaker 2>And so when he went to Indiana University in two

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<v Speaker 2>thousand and two, he pitched this idea and.

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<v Speaker 3>They said, nah, we hired you for other things.

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<v Speaker 2>So fast forward half a decade.

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<v Speaker 3>Five years later, I started as the faculty director of

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<v Speaker 3>the Global Village Living Learning Center and they said, oh,

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<v Speaker 3>and by the way, you'll be teaching a seminar every semester.

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<v Speaker 3>And I was like, on what and they said, oh,

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<v Speaker 3>whatever you'd like, but it should be something, you know, international, cultural, global,

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<v Speaker 3>something that you do. I was like, oh, here it is,

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<v Speaker 3>And I got to then pitch my vampire course, which

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<v Speaker 3>I taught for the first time in the fall of

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<v Speaker 3>two thousand and eight. So this is twenty twenty two,

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<v Speaker 3>and this is my fifteenth vampire brood of students that

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<v Speaker 3>I have this year.

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<v Speaker 2>Can I tell you secret? Okay? Great? Sometimes when I'm

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<v Speaker 2>vetting guests, I check out site called rate my Professors,

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<v Speaker 2>which is like YELP, but it's about college teachers, which

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<v Speaker 2>is as terrifying as it sounds if you're a college teacher.

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<v Speaker 2>But this ologous ratings are fawning and appreciative, things like Jeff,

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<v Speaker 2>a super fun guy with a great sense of humor,

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<v Speaker 2>knows literally everything there is to know about vampires, and

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<v Speaker 2>we'll make sure you know it all too. People say

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<v Speaker 2>it's one of the wildest classes, one of the weirdest

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<v Speaker 2>courses they've ever taken, indescribably intriguing, prompting me to consider

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<v Speaker 2>perspectives I'd never before encountered. So buckle up. We have

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<v Speaker 2>the best person in the world for this, and for

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<v Speaker 2>the next two episodes he is your teacher. But with

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<v Speaker 2>no tests.

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<v Speaker 3>It is everything that I wanted it to be, with

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<v Speaker 3>aforementioned essay tests and analysis projects and class discussions and

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<v Speaker 3>get to see the sweat on students' faces and the

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<v Speaker 3>embarrassment when we're talking about really personal vampire stuff.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, how did you become prepared to do that?

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<v Speaker 2>There is a sixty page syllabus that you hand out

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<v Speaker 2>and it catalogs every reference of vampires in film, different series,

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<v Speaker 2>in literature. How do you become acquainted with all the

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<v Speaker 2>material that is out there?

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<v Speaker 3>Elliot's sixty two pages. Okay, So I when I started,

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<v Speaker 3>and doctor Collins did such an amazing job of coming

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<v Speaker 3>up with themes and the materials that we covered at

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<v Speaker 3>Ohio State. When I came here, I didn't have any

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<v Speaker 3>vampire movies. I had to go down to the video

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<v Speaker 3>rental stores and get them to make clips for class,

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<v Speaker 3>and so I bought my first I was like, I've

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<v Speaker 3>got to get the standards, and got a couple of those,

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<v Speaker 3>and then got a couple more, and then you know,

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<v Speaker 3>it's like in the United States during one summer and

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<v Speaker 3>it's like, maybe I'll check on Amazon and eBay.

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<v Speaker 2>To see what there is.

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<v Speaker 3>And now I have a collection of about six hundred

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<v Speaker 3>DVD titles of as many vampire movies that aren't completely

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<v Speaker 3>terrible from around the world. So it's taken fifteen years

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<v Speaker 3>to collect all of that, and so the syllabus has

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<v Speaker 3>continued to grow in detail, but then also in the

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<v Speaker 3>resources the references that are there as well. So this

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<v Speaker 3>year I added in a section on vampire themed video games,

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<v Speaker 3>for instance, So it's always evolving and expanding. And of

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<v Speaker 3>course there are about twenty new vampire movies that come

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<v Speaker 3>out a good vampire movies that come out at a year.

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<v Speaker 2>Twenty vampire movies a year. We as human beings, are

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<v Speaker 2>thirsty for blood sucking.

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<v Speaker 3>So there's always room for growth there.

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<v Speaker 2>And now fifteen years in the making, say for you,

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<v Speaker 2>but how many years in the making have vampires been

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<v Speaker 2>in lore? When did it first pop up? Did it

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<v Speaker 2>start with Flad.

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<v Speaker 3>Oh way before him? And again that's my countryman you're

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<v Speaker 3>talking about, so we'll be kind of careful.

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<v Speaker 2>There, mister Impaler. I'm so sorry.

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<v Speaker 3>Exactly.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes. Now, to understand movie vampires, we have to go way, way,

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<v Speaker 2>way way back in time. And this is just so

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<v Speaker 2>much history and context. You didn't know that you needed

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<v Speaker 2>to know. It'll change halloweens and horror movies for the

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<v Speaker 2>rest of your life.

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<v Speaker 3>It didn't happen overnight. We study first the folkloric vampire,

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<v Speaker 3>the vampire central and Eastern Europe, which is the type

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<v Speaker 3>of vampire that we inherit now through various means. But

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<v Speaker 3>we had to have a whole bunch of elements there

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<v Speaker 3>in place. We couldn't have gotten our folkloric vampire that

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<v Speaker 3>we know anywhere else because we had to be in

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<v Speaker 3>Central and Eastern Europe. There had to be people living

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<v Speaker 3>in these conditions in these rural areas, and both mountains

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<v Speaker 3>and fields and swamps and short growing seasons and long winters,

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<v Speaker 3>and certain prevalent diseases, and religions that were in the

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<v Speaker 3>area pre Christian religions and then Christianity. And we had

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<v Speaker 3>to have Indo Iranian dualism come up and spread among

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<v Speaker 3>the people and slowly work its way into their belief

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<v Speaker 3>systems and their world views. And we had to be

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<v Speaker 3>living in these extended families that were subsisting on farming,

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<v Speaker 3>living year to year in these sort of patriarchal patrilineal

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<v Speaker 3>social organizations of this extended family. We had to have

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<v Speaker 3>all of those things in order to have our folkloric vampire.

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<v Speaker 2>Ps I google this for us. Because Indo Iranian dualism

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<v Speaker 2>not a phrase that I casually use. And according to

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<v Speaker 2>a paper based on a lecture by Professor doctor Jamsheed K.

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<v Speaker 2>Showski at the second Indo Iranian International Congress, it means

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<v Speaker 2>in the broadest strokes, just the notion of good versus evil.

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<v Speaker 2>That quote, good cannot arise from evil, nor evil from good.

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<v Speaker 2>Thus it should be understood that something completely perfect in

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<v Speaker 2>terms of goodness cannot produce evil, and vice versa. Evil

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<v Speaker 2>shit cannot turn cool. And where where do you think

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<v Speaker 2>the Genesis itself was? When is the first recorded history

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<v Speaker 2>of something of this nature, something that maybe creeps only

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<v Speaker 2>in the night and is not necessarily alive, but is undead,

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<v Speaker 2>like where do you find that germ?

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah? One of the problems is that the Slavs of

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<v Speaker 3>Central and East Europeans didn't get writing until Christianization. And

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<v Speaker 3>so you know in nine eighty eight in Kievan Rus,

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<v Speaker 3>we didn't have records before that.

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<v Speaker 2>Did I know what he was talking about? Of course

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<v Speaker 2>I didn't. I've only been studying Eastern European history for

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<v Speaker 2>like the last fifteen minutes. But yes, there was a

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<v Speaker 2>state in Eastern and Northern Europe Kievan Rus up until

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<v Speaker 2>about the twelve hundreds, But in the late nine hundreds,

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<v Speaker 2>Vladimir the Great was like, enough of paganism, I'm over it,

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<v Speaker 2>let's do let's see is on does let us drink,

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<v Speaker 2>Let's do Christianity. And then they started using written language

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<v Speaker 2>for religion. So before that time, a lot of history

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<v Speaker 2>and knowledge was oral history and yes, folklore.

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<v Speaker 3>So we reconstruct a proto vampire, which was a demon

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<v Speaker 3>which sucked water from the clouds, causing drought, causing the

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<v Speaker 3>crops to wither, causing people to not have food and

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<v Speaker 3>causing them to wither through starvation leading to death. Especially

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<v Speaker 3>once we get dualism and this belief in good and

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<v Speaker 3>evil being equal forces which have always existed and exists

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<v Speaker 3>now and will always exist, and one's not going to

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<v Speaker 3>win out over the other, and the soul is good

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<v Speaker 3>and the body is bad. That slowly got to take

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<v Speaker 3>form that formless demon which would have sucked rain from

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<v Speaker 3>the clouds, to a being which then would suck blood

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<v Speaker 3>from human victims, causing withering, leading to death.

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<v Speaker 2>Death by desiccation. Our most primal fears are losing fluids,

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<v Speaker 2>precious bodily of fluids.

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<v Speaker 3>So it's this beautiful analogy that the similarity between those

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<v Speaker 3>two things, and it translates very well into a physical manifestation,

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<v Speaker 3>into an anthropomorphisation of the unexplained phenomena that they were experiencing.

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<v Speaker 3>That's just incarnation of that big g greed personification.

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<v Speaker 2>It speaks to so many human fears. I mean, that's

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<v Speaker 2>kind of what monsters and lore and myth really do, right,

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<v Speaker 2>It's what are we afraid of? And what can we

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<v Speaker 2>learn from it? Is that the function of vampires.

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<v Speaker 3>So I would push back a little bit on that, okay,

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<v Speaker 3>in that we are our modern interpretation, especially as a

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<v Speaker 3>literary vampire or a cinematic vampires, a kind of literary

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<v Speaker 3>vampire where it's by definition false, it's by definition fiction.

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<v Speaker 3>The folkloric vampire had two functions. One and arguably first,

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<v Speaker 3>was a psychological function to explain certain very specific phenomena

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<v Speaker 3>that people were experiencing living in Central and Eastern Europe

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<v Speaker 3>in a pre modern period.

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<v Speaker 2>So vampires weren't just art and entertainment with like a

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<v Speaker 2>buried lesson. Folkloric vampires were the explanation.

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<v Speaker 3>We get types of death, so it's not any death,

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<v Speaker 3>it's wasting diseases, so things which will cause people to

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<v Speaker 3>slowly get weaker and weaker and eventually die. Tuberculosis is

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<v Speaker 3>a really good one there, with a withering disease where

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<v Speaker 3>a strong person can suddenly get weaker and weaker and

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<v Speaker 3>pass away. There are internal cancers that are like that

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<v Speaker 3>as well. Now we have HIV AIDS which maps on

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<v Speaker 3>beautifully to that in the modern period, COPD and rheumatoid

298
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<v Speaker 3>arthritis and multiple sclerosis and a lot of these diseases

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<v Speaker 3>which cause physical wasting, coeliac disease. Where you have this,

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00:18:16.720 --> 00:18:20.960
<v Speaker 3>you know, the death certificate says, you know, failure to thrive.

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<v Speaker 3>And then we have a whole set of birth anomalies

302
00:18:25.200 --> 00:18:31.359
<v Speaker 3>that occur that are specifically tied to vampires and also

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<v Speaker 3>to wear wolves and sorcerers and things that live in

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<v Speaker 3>this very similar cluster of supernatural beings in Central and

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<v Speaker 3>Eastern Europe. And then we have why people are mean,

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<v Speaker 3>why people do bad things? Why do people have impulses

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<v Speaker 3>that are uncontrolled, uncontrollable that cause trouble in our society,

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<v Speaker 3>in our tight knit social organization, which could mean the

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<v Speaker 3>death for everybody. And then we have a whole set

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<v Speaker 3>of phenomena ways of death, types of death, manner of

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<v Speaker 3>death that we have that are prohibited, that are bad

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<v Speaker 3>things you shouldn't be doing. And then there are all

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<v Speaker 3>of the traits of signs after death. These are post

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<v Speaker 3>mortem if you find a body or if you dig

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<v Speaker 3>up a body and you see the body that's exhibiting

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00:19:20.039 --> 00:19:23.640
<v Speaker 3>these kind of traits. So you have to have people

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<v Speaker 3>wasting away, and it's like, I think we've got a

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<v Speaker 3>vampire here. You know, who recently died? When did this start?

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<v Speaker 3>Who recently died? What were they like? Did they have

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<v Speaker 3>this kind of taking more than their fair share impulse

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<v Speaker 3>in them? Maybe? How did they die, what were their

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<v Speaker 3>parents like, and what were they like in life? Analyzing

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<v Speaker 3>this looking for signs until you said, maybe this might

324
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<v Speaker 3>be the source for that. So rather than being an

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<v Speaker 3>intentional source of fear, it's a psychological explanation for that.

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<v Speaker 3>And you can just kind of feel that it took

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<v Speaker 3>form over centuries to the point where we have this

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<v Speaker 3>folkloric vampire, which is a reanimated corpse that then feeds

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<v Speaker 3>on the blood of those closest to them and then

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00:20:10.559 --> 00:20:15.599
<v Speaker 3>spreads outward. So with our reanimated corpse, you can reanimated

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<v Speaker 3>corpse out of in two ways. Either the soul leaves

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<v Speaker 3>the body at death and then you're dead. What you

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<v Speaker 3>want is for the soul to leave and leave. You

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<v Speaker 3>want to mourn a person's death, but you don't want

335
00:20:29.920 --> 00:20:32.599
<v Speaker 3>to wail so much that they say, Ah, these people

336
00:20:32.599 --> 00:20:34.839
<v Speaker 3>can't live without me. I need to come back. You

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00:20:34.920 --> 00:20:37.319
<v Speaker 3>need that person to go on. So there are lots

338
00:20:37.359 --> 00:20:41.519
<v Speaker 3>of traditions about how you keep a person's soul from

339
00:20:41.559 --> 00:20:44.759
<v Speaker 3>coming back into the body. The body is laid out

340
00:20:44.640 --> 00:20:48.920
<v Speaker 3>in the house, read prayers over it, and then you

341
00:20:48.960 --> 00:20:51.839
<v Speaker 3>pull up the threshold on the door and take the

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<v Speaker 3>coffin underneath the threshold, and then put the threshold back

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<v Speaker 3>down so that the soul can't come in the way

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<v Speaker 3>that it came out. So you can have a a

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00:21:00.640 --> 00:21:05.079
<v Speaker 3>corpse reanimated by its own soul which has returned. Or

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<v Speaker 3>you can have a corpse where the soul leaves and

347
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<v Speaker 3>then a demon comes in and then reanimates the corpse.

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<v Speaker 2>Ah, just kind of like a squatter.

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<v Speaker 3>Right, yeah, And then and then you know, and then

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<v Speaker 3>this explains, for instance, either that the person who's hit

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<v Speaker 3>on the head loses consciousness, comes back and is never

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<v Speaker 3>quite the same. It just it explains a whole lot

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<v Speaker 3>of or that you know the soul or a demon

354
00:21:29.279 --> 00:21:31.279
<v Speaker 3>comes back in the body we put it in the earth,

355
00:21:31.920 --> 00:21:34.799
<v Speaker 3>and then it by its nature again, this is a

356
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<v Speaker 3>person takes more than their fair share of alcohol, of

357
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<v Speaker 3>sexual partners, of food, of things, of life force. In depth,

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<v Speaker 3>the only thing that they're missing is life force. And

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<v Speaker 3>as we learn from movies, the blood did life means

360
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<v Speaker 3>the rinfield. The blood is seen as being the locusts

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<v Speaker 3>of the life force, and so that would be the

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<v Speaker 3>only thing that a vampire in death or in undeath

363
00:22:01.839 --> 00:22:04.279
<v Speaker 3>would need, and that's why they come back, and that's

364
00:22:04.279 --> 00:22:07.480
<v Speaker 3>why they drink blood specifically. And it's really meant to

365
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<v Speaker 3>be an explanation because then when we have a name

366
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<v Speaker 3>for it, when we know what it's like, when we

367
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<v Speaker 3>know how to spot the signs, when we know what

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<v Speaker 3>to do about it to either keep it away from us,

369
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<v Speaker 3>or if we can't keep it away from us, how

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<v Speaker 3>to destroy it. There's that anxiety reduction that comes with

371
00:22:24.319 --> 00:22:27.559
<v Speaker 3>having the diagnosis and suggested cures for it.

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<v Speaker 2>Do you think that that is part of that origin

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<v Speaker 2>story though, in the absence of WebMD and Google just

374
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<v Speaker 2>looking for some kind of medical explanations of why someone wasted.

375
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<v Speaker 3>Yes, and that entire set of beliefs coalesces around the vampire.

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<v Speaker 3>But this explanation of how someone who's healthy suddenly keeps

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<v Speaker 3>getting weaker and weaker and there's no sign, there's no

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<v Speaker 3>physical manifestation of why they should be getting sicker. Definitely,

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<v Speaker 3>that medical explanation, that pre modern medicine interpretation of that,

380
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<v Speaker 3>it's really genius. It accounts for a lot of phenomena

381
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<v Speaker 3>that they were afraid of, hurt by, their communal social

382
00:23:16.920 --> 00:23:21.279
<v Speaker 3>order was disturbed by. It definitely fits into that. So

383
00:23:21.519 --> 00:23:26.480
<v Speaker 3>we talk about psychological functions of the folkloric vampire, and

384
00:23:26.519 --> 00:23:28.599
<v Speaker 3>there's a second set of functions, and those are the

385
00:23:28.680 --> 00:23:34.759
<v Speaker 3>sociological functions. There's the psychological explanation for unexplained phenomena surrounding

386
00:23:35.079 --> 00:23:40.000
<v Speaker 3>people's nature and death. And then there are the prohibitions

387
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<v Speaker 3>against all of the things which cause disorder when you're

388
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<v Speaker 3>living in an extended family and you are trying to

389
00:23:47.599 --> 00:23:51.000
<v Speaker 3>survive from year to year, and we can kind of

390
00:23:51.880 --> 00:23:56.039
<v Speaker 3>feel that get hijacked into what we call social control.

391
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<v Speaker 3>So people then say, well, if you do these things,

392
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<v Speaker 3>you might become a vampire. And when you become a vampire,

393
00:24:03.880 --> 00:24:06.359
<v Speaker 3>you're going to feed on your family, the family that

394
00:24:06.400 --> 00:24:08.319
<v Speaker 3>you might not like them all the time, but you

395
00:24:08.440 --> 00:24:11.680
<v Speaker 3>love them, you depend upon them, and the worst thing

396
00:24:11.839 --> 00:24:14.839
<v Speaker 3>for you to do living in a communal society would

397
00:24:14.880 --> 00:24:17.079
<v Speaker 3>be to feed on the rest of the community. And

398
00:24:17.119 --> 00:24:20.200
<v Speaker 3>that's part of why it's so difficult to explain all

399
00:24:20.240 --> 00:24:24.480
<v Speaker 3>of this to modern Western people, because we're so individualistic,

400
00:24:24.519 --> 00:24:27.079
<v Speaker 3>and you know, all of our movies and everything, it's

401
00:24:27.119 --> 00:24:31.359
<v Speaker 3>one vampire going after one victim, and we don't see

402
00:24:31.400 --> 00:24:34.559
<v Speaker 3>that communal threat of the folkloric vampire. It's just so

403
00:24:34.680 --> 00:24:38.519
<v Speaker 3>hard for us to understand that anyone could have actually

404
00:24:38.559 --> 00:24:42.839
<v Speaker 3>believed in that folkloric vampire. And that's why we say

405
00:24:43.200 --> 00:24:46.559
<v Speaker 3>it it was real. The folk ork vampire was real

406
00:24:47.400 --> 00:24:49.839
<v Speaker 3>in the belief system of the people who held it.

407
00:24:50.440 --> 00:24:55.839
<v Speaker 2>So folkloreic vampires weren't just about a mysterious adversary, but

408
00:24:55.920 --> 00:25:01.240
<v Speaker 2>about community survival. And psychologists and evolutionary biology and anthropologists

409
00:25:01.559 --> 00:25:04.559
<v Speaker 2>know this is part of the human survival instinct, as

410
00:25:04.599 --> 00:25:07.160
<v Speaker 2>noted in the nineteen ninety five paper the need to

411
00:25:07.240 --> 00:25:12.160
<v Speaker 2>belong desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation,

412
00:25:12.839 --> 00:25:16.559
<v Speaker 2>and it says that existing evidence supports the hypothesis that

413
00:25:16.599 --> 00:25:20.920
<v Speaker 2>the need to belong is a powerful, fundamental and extremely

414
00:25:21.039 --> 00:25:26.880
<v Speaker 2>pervasive motivation. So yes, vampire folklore helped keep groups safe.

415
00:25:27.240 --> 00:25:29.319
<v Speaker 2>How does this relate to twilight.

416
00:25:29.119 --> 00:25:32.200
<v Speaker 3>That allows us to be descriptive about that versus a

417
00:25:32.279 --> 00:25:36.759
<v Speaker 3>vampire in literature or movies where it's patently by definition

418
00:25:37.599 --> 00:25:38.559
<v Speaker 3>not true.

419
00:25:39.000 --> 00:25:42.759
<v Speaker 2>When did it go from that folklore to entertainment and

420
00:25:42.920 --> 00:25:45.039
<v Speaker 2>literature and pop culture.

421
00:25:45.440 --> 00:25:51.039
<v Speaker 3>So the industrial revolution killed the folkloric vampire when people

422
00:25:51.079 --> 00:25:54.519
<v Speaker 3>started moving into the cities, when that urbanization happened, and

423
00:25:54.559 --> 00:25:57.839
<v Speaker 3>they left their villages and were suddenly in cities with

424
00:25:58.000 --> 00:26:00.599
<v Speaker 3>other people from other places who had other beliefs, and

425
00:26:00.640 --> 00:26:04.960
<v Speaker 3>you had structured mandatory education, and you had access to

426
00:26:05.079 --> 00:26:11.680
<v Speaker 3>hospitals and emerging modern medicine and emerging modern social organizations.

427
00:26:11.960 --> 00:26:15.319
<v Speaker 3>In the village, the patriarch was in control, had to

428
00:26:15.400 --> 00:26:18.200
<v Speaker 3>keep order there. What do you do if someone is

429
00:26:18.240 --> 00:26:21.319
<v Speaker 3>a glutton or an alcoholic, or a troublemaker or a

430
00:26:21.319 --> 00:26:24.680
<v Speaker 3>thief or a murderer when it's one of your family members,

431
00:26:25.079 --> 00:26:26.799
<v Speaker 3>the best thing to do is to just keep them

432
00:26:26.799 --> 00:26:29.319
<v Speaker 3>from doing those kind of things. When people come into

433
00:26:29.359 --> 00:26:31.920
<v Speaker 3>the cities and do those things, and they're doing them

434
00:26:31.960 --> 00:26:35.279
<v Speaker 3>to people who they're not related to, We then need

435
00:26:36.039 --> 00:26:38.480
<v Speaker 3>a modern legal system to say what is right and

436
00:26:38.519 --> 00:26:40.000
<v Speaker 3>what is wrong. And we have to have a law

437
00:26:40.079 --> 00:26:43.160
<v Speaker 3>enforcement system that would then arrest those people. And we

438
00:26:43.200 --> 00:26:45.960
<v Speaker 3>need a judicial system which would try those people, and

439
00:26:46.000 --> 00:26:48.640
<v Speaker 3>we need a penal system to lock those people up

440
00:26:48.799 --> 00:26:52.599
<v Speaker 3>and away from society. We need all of these modern

441
00:26:52.799 --> 00:26:57.160
<v Speaker 3>urban services and beliefs and access to having a church

442
00:26:57.240 --> 00:26:59.680
<v Speaker 3>on the corner as opposed to one that takes half

443
00:26:59.680 --> 00:27:02.640
<v Speaker 3>a day to get to where you live, so where

444
00:27:02.680 --> 00:27:05.240
<v Speaker 3>you might only go to church once a year at

445
00:27:05.279 --> 00:27:09.279
<v Speaker 3>Easter or something, and here everybody is around, and everybody's

446
00:27:09.279 --> 00:27:13.559
<v Speaker 3>from somewhere else. And then, especially as generations go or

447
00:27:13.599 --> 00:27:17.759
<v Speaker 3>as people will take your belief systems and say that

448
00:27:17.759 --> 00:27:22.759
<v Speaker 3>that's superstition, right. Everybody's religion is somebody else's superstition, and

449
00:27:22.839 --> 00:27:25.559
<v Speaker 3>vice versa. And this is one of the hard things,

450
00:27:25.559 --> 00:27:28.640
<v Speaker 3>is to keep people from being judgmental about these kind

451
00:27:28.680 --> 00:27:29.119
<v Speaker 3>of things.

452
00:27:29.519 --> 00:27:32.680
<v Speaker 2>Everybody's religion is somebody else's superstition.

453
00:27:33.200 --> 00:27:33.759
<v Speaker 3>Ah.

454
00:27:34.519 --> 00:27:37.160
<v Speaker 2>I find that to be a beautiful sentiment. So the

455
00:27:37.240 --> 00:27:43.400
<v Speaker 2>rural folkloric vampire and the newly industrializing urban environment collide

456
00:27:43.680 --> 00:27:47.400
<v Speaker 2>around the turn of the eighteenth century, like the spooky

457
00:27:47.960 --> 00:27:51.200
<v Speaker 2>life eating creep hits a big time. I like to

458
00:27:51.240 --> 00:27:54.799
<v Speaker 2>imagine him stepping off a bus and taking things in

459
00:27:55.440 --> 00:27:57.200
<v Speaker 2>like someone who just moved from Iowa.

460
00:27:57.279 --> 00:27:59.640
<v Speaker 3>Once we move into the cities, once we have access

461
00:27:59.680 --> 00:28:05.160
<v Speaker 3>to my modern sciences big s, plural, modern biology, modern epidemiology,

462
00:28:05.200 --> 00:28:10.279
<v Speaker 3>as these are growing, modern psychology, modern criminal justice and

463
00:28:10.480 --> 00:28:14.640
<v Speaker 3>criminal psychology, abnormal psychology, which explained away all of the

464
00:28:14.720 --> 00:28:20.079
<v Speaker 3>psychological functions the vampire was explaining away, and then all

465
00:28:20.119 --> 00:28:24.240
<v Speaker 3>of the modern social organizations which kept people in line.

466
00:28:24.599 --> 00:28:26.880
<v Speaker 3>The folkloric vampires out of a job at that point

467
00:28:27.039 --> 00:28:30.839
<v Speaker 3>because they're not needed anymore. They're not needed to explain

468
00:28:30.960 --> 00:28:34.759
<v Speaker 3>things and the threat of the folkloric vampire isn't needed

469
00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:37.960
<v Speaker 3>to keep people in line. We can mark the end

470
00:28:38.039 --> 00:28:42.119
<v Speaker 3>of the folkloric vampire period at the beginning of urbanization

471
00:28:42.319 --> 00:28:44.799
<v Speaker 3>that comes along with the industrial revolution in Central and

472
00:28:44.880 --> 00:28:47.960
<v Speaker 3>Eastern Europe. It takes a lot longer in Central and

473
00:28:48.000 --> 00:28:53.000
<v Speaker 3>Eastern Europe versus Western Europe for those effects to take place.

474
00:28:53.079 --> 00:28:56.680
<v Speaker 3>We still have big empires Russian Empire, Austro Hungarian Empire

475
00:28:57.400 --> 00:29:01.200
<v Speaker 3>overseeing people, but they're still very often living in rural places.

476
00:29:01.279 --> 00:29:04.200
<v Speaker 3>And then as you get into Southern Europe, as the

477
00:29:04.279 --> 00:29:09.400
<v Speaker 3>mountains get higher, you can have isolate beliefs where that

478
00:29:09.599 --> 00:29:13.359
<v Speaker 3>modernization isn't reaching. And so there are still people who

479
00:29:13.440 --> 00:29:17.359
<v Speaker 3>hold these beliefs as part of their belief systems. They're

480
00:29:17.680 --> 00:29:21.640
<v Speaker 3>numerically probably pretty small, and they probably won't readily admit

481
00:29:21.720 --> 00:29:24.960
<v Speaker 3>it to you for fear of people saying that, you know,

482
00:29:25.200 --> 00:29:28.200
<v Speaker 3>they're stupid and uneducated and superstitious.

483
00:29:30.119 --> 00:29:35.160
<v Speaker 2>Let's talk about the big novel that established vampires. When

484
00:29:36.240 --> 00:29:42.160
<v Speaker 2>Dracula the novel came out, was the general public, the

485
00:29:42.279 --> 00:29:46.880
<v Speaker 2>international public? Was this the first kind of like depiction

486
00:29:47.079 --> 00:29:51.279
<v Speaker 2>of it in written literature as a character as a

487
00:29:51.359 --> 00:29:57.160
<v Speaker 2>caricature too? No, so we know I was very wrong

488
00:29:57.240 --> 00:30:00.720
<v Speaker 2>about Dracula being the first vampire novel. I did not

489
00:30:00.880 --> 00:30:02.519
<v Speaker 2>know what I was talking about. I mean, we're not

490
00:30:02.640 --> 00:30:05.559
<v Speaker 2>even there yet, We're like one hundred years away. This

491
00:30:05.720 --> 00:30:06.319
<v Speaker 2>is so exciting.

492
00:30:06.960 --> 00:30:10.160
<v Speaker 3>No, so right at the point where the folklore vampire

493
00:30:10.279 --> 00:30:13.359
<v Speaker 3>is running out of a job, starting in the probably

494
00:30:13.400 --> 00:30:18.359
<v Speaker 3>by the early eighteen hundreds or so late seventeen nineties,

495
00:30:18.559 --> 00:30:21.160
<v Speaker 3>we also get Romanticism that comes in. So through the

496
00:30:21.400 --> 00:30:24.519
<v Speaker 3>sixteen seventeen hundreds we have the Enlightenment, which is supposed

497
00:30:24.519 --> 00:30:27.920
<v Speaker 3>to be pulling us out of the dark ages of

498
00:30:27.960 --> 00:30:31.640
<v Speaker 3>backward thinking, out of the darkness of ignorance, and showing

499
00:30:31.720 --> 00:30:36.400
<v Speaker 3>people the light through education, through civilization, through striving for

500
00:30:36.599 --> 00:30:40.519
<v Speaker 3>greater things. And we strive and strive and strive, and

501
00:30:40.599 --> 00:30:44.400
<v Speaker 3>we get to the seventeen nineties and at some point

502
00:30:45.079 --> 00:30:47.559
<v Speaker 3>people are like, this isn't working, and we get this

503
00:30:47.720 --> 00:30:52.640
<v Speaker 3>beautiful period of Romanticism, not kissy kissy romanticism, but capital

504
00:30:52.680 --> 00:30:57.839
<v Speaker 3>are Romanticism, which has as part of Gothic literature.

505
00:30:58.519 --> 00:31:02.559
<v Speaker 2>Romanticism was emerging in Europe in the seventeen nineties, partly

506
00:31:02.640 --> 00:31:05.359
<v Speaker 2>inspired by the French Revolution, which we happened to discuss

507
00:31:05.480 --> 00:31:09.480
<v Speaker 2>in the I Go France minnesote and the Catacombs episode

508
00:31:09.559 --> 00:31:13.279
<v Speaker 2>from last week. But yes, after upheaval of a monarchy

509
00:31:13.680 --> 00:31:17.680
<v Speaker 2>and a lot of science and the Enlightenment, Romanticism is

510
00:31:17.799 --> 00:31:22.160
<v Speaker 2>bending things back to art, involving these really extreme emotions

511
00:31:22.279 --> 00:31:26.119
<v Speaker 2>and drama and horror and the majesty and the power

512
00:31:26.200 --> 00:31:28.559
<v Speaker 2>of nature. And we will be right back to talk

513
00:31:28.599 --> 00:31:32.319
<v Speaker 2>about this first ever vampire novel in a quick second,

514
00:31:32.359 --> 00:31:34.680
<v Speaker 2>But first let's toss some cash at a worthy cause.

515
00:31:34.759 --> 00:31:37.039
<v Speaker 2>And this week Jeff chose the Red Cross because he

516
00:31:37.200 --> 00:31:40.240
<v Speaker 2>donates blood as often as he humanly can every fifty

517
00:31:40.279 --> 00:31:44.160
<v Speaker 2>six days. Bo wait, actually no. A few days after

518
00:31:44.240 --> 00:31:46.880
<v Speaker 2>the interview, I got an email from Jeff saying he'd

519
00:31:46.920 --> 00:31:49.559
<v Speaker 2>like to change the donation. He said, I didn't see

520
00:31:49.559 --> 00:31:51.960
<v Speaker 2>the news that you lost your father to multiple maloma,

521
00:31:52.079 --> 00:31:54.960
<v Speaker 2>a blood cancer, so recently. I just saw his beautiful

522
00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:57.559
<v Speaker 2>obituary posted on your Facebook page, and with tears in

523
00:31:57.599 --> 00:31:59.759
<v Speaker 2>my eyes, and in keeping with the blood theme of

524
00:31:59.759 --> 00:32:02.039
<v Speaker 2>the episode, I would like to ask if our episode's

525
00:32:02.079 --> 00:32:05.480
<v Speaker 2>charity could be the Multiple Maloma Research Foundation in his

526
00:32:05.599 --> 00:32:09.759
<v Speaker 2>honor and memory Augh Jeff, what a gem. So yes,

527
00:32:09.880 --> 00:32:12.720
<v Speaker 2>a donation will go to my looma dot Org in

528
00:32:13.039 --> 00:32:16.240
<v Speaker 2>Jeff Holdeman's honor, in memory of my dad, Larry p

529
00:32:16.440 --> 00:32:20.599
<v Speaker 2>Ward my heart. Okay. That donation was made possible by

530
00:32:20.640 --> 00:32:21.240
<v Speaker 2>sponsors of the.

531
00:32:21.240 --> 00:32:26.480
<v Speaker 1>Show, Bionantma got Burga Onnlu, the Hartnir, the Holla, the

532
00:32:26.640 --> 00:32:32.720
<v Speaker 1>hayman A Hecko ah ersuen As Lance LADENI Detained, Nudovshu

533
00:32:32.920 --> 00:32:37.160
<v Speaker 1>will Kill Katarhu La Hula tchomparods on udros Ors, lance

534
00:32:37.599 --> 00:32:44.079
<v Speaker 1>Is Phaser, Latgun's Throw, Tasha Tapa Seranashka Agustnava Is FuGO

535
00:32:44.160 --> 00:32:48.240
<v Speaker 1>more Heyrick h i a punk i e is called

536
00:32:48.480 --> 00:32:51.119
<v Speaker 1>relala a On Tudoros or raslanse if we realed this

537
00:32:51.200 --> 00:32:51.640
<v Speaker 1>in the Heron.

538
00:32:53.000 --> 00:32:55.839
<v Speaker 2>All right, let's get back to when the first vampire

539
00:32:56.119 --> 00:32:59.920
<v Speaker 2>novel arose in modern fiction. The Birth of the un

540
00:33:00.119 --> 00:33:01.000
<v Speaker 2>Dead coming to you.

541
00:33:01.079 --> 00:33:06.319
<v Speaker 3>Now, and it's this rejection of this striving for enlightenment

542
00:33:06.480 --> 00:33:09.599
<v Speaker 3>and everything, and it's a return to the fascination with

543
00:33:09.839 --> 00:33:14.839
<v Speaker 3>the sublime, with the dark powers of nature. This is

544
00:33:14.880 --> 00:33:18.920
<v Speaker 3>where Lord Byron and Percy Bisch Shelley get into the picture.

545
00:33:19.000 --> 00:33:23.400
<v Speaker 3>As they're writing romantic dark Gothic literature. We get our

546
00:33:24.000 --> 00:33:28.799
<v Speaker 3>first short story, originally in English published in eighteen nineteen

547
00:33:29.279 --> 00:33:33.319
<v Speaker 3>called The Vampire with a Y John Polydori in England,

548
00:33:33.880 --> 00:33:37.640
<v Speaker 3>and it is written at the same time. The idea

549
00:33:37.920 --> 00:33:43.559
<v Speaker 3>comes from this fascinating story where John Polydori is hired.

550
00:33:43.799 --> 00:33:48.119
<v Speaker 3>He was the youngest medical student at his institution. Lord

551
00:33:48.160 --> 00:33:52.440
<v Speaker 3>Byron hires him as his personal physician to take the

552
00:33:52.559 --> 00:33:56.240
<v Speaker 3>Grand Tour of Europe and goes with Percy bish Shelley

553
00:33:56.519 --> 00:33:59.920
<v Speaker 3>and Mary Walstoncraft, who will then later become his wife,

554
00:34:00.400 --> 00:34:03.279
<v Speaker 3>and her half sister Claire Claremont So.

555
00:34:03.519 --> 00:34:08.280
<v Speaker 2>A bunch of goth writers, including the poet and heart throb.

556
00:34:08.679 --> 00:34:12.719
<v Speaker 2>Lord Byron now Percy Bishelley, was also a writer. He

557
00:34:12.960 --> 00:34:16.280
<v Speaker 2>died tragically at twenty nine in a boating accident, leaving

558
00:34:16.320 --> 00:34:20.320
<v Speaker 2>a widow, Mary and then Claire Claremont was Mary's stepsister

559
00:34:20.639 --> 00:34:25.639
<v Speaker 2>and freshly preggers with lord Byron's baby, a daughter that

560
00:34:25.679 --> 00:34:29.079
<v Speaker 2>they would name Allegra, who turns out as a small child,

561
00:34:29.320 --> 00:34:31.480
<v Speaker 2>was sent to live in a convent, where she died

562
00:34:31.519 --> 00:34:35.239
<v Speaker 2>at the age of five. What oh, gosh and yes,

563
00:34:35.760 --> 00:34:40.000
<v Speaker 2>John Polydori, lord Byron's doctor, is also on vacation with

564
00:34:40.119 --> 00:34:41.440
<v Speaker 2>this group of emo poets.

565
00:34:41.920 --> 00:34:45.119
<v Speaker 3>And they are at this villa and this was the

566
00:34:45.239 --> 00:34:48.280
<v Speaker 3>year without a summer. There was a volcanic eruption and

567
00:34:48.800 --> 00:34:51.559
<v Speaker 3>it was cold all summer long. And they were in

568
00:34:51.639 --> 00:34:55.360
<v Speaker 3>this villa and it's dark and cold and rainy, and

569
00:34:55.760 --> 00:34:59.559
<v Speaker 3>they're inside and they say, how about if we write

570
00:34:59.639 --> 00:35:04.000
<v Speaker 3>ghosts stories? So they had been consuming German ghost stories

571
00:35:04.159 --> 00:35:06.559
<v Speaker 3>that had been translated into English, and they were like,

572
00:35:06.599 --> 00:35:10.360
<v Speaker 3>habout if we you know, we got some some people

573
00:35:10.400 --> 00:35:13.760
<v Speaker 3>with literary talent here. How about if we have a

574
00:35:13.880 --> 00:35:18.039
<v Speaker 3>ghost story writing competition, right right, scary stories for each other.

575
00:35:18.440 --> 00:35:21.639
<v Speaker 3>This is when Mary Walstoncraft creates Frankenstein.

576
00:35:22.079 --> 00:35:22.480
<v Speaker 2>Oh wow.

577
00:35:22.800 --> 00:35:25.639
<v Speaker 3>And then this is then when Lord Byron comes up

578
00:35:25.679 --> 00:35:29.039
<v Speaker 3>with the idea for a vampire. So that's this fragment

579
00:35:29.159 --> 00:35:32.079
<v Speaker 3>of a novel. He has an idea, doesn't like it,

580
00:35:32.480 --> 00:35:35.360
<v Speaker 3>puts it away. Percy Bushelley is like, I just published

581
00:35:35.400 --> 00:35:37.119
<v Speaker 3>some stuff. I don't really want to play with this,

582
00:35:37.400 --> 00:35:41.039
<v Speaker 3>and clear Claremont was there on the side. And then

583
00:35:41.519 --> 00:35:45.320
<v Speaker 3>John PAULADORI this young upstart. He was a self made man.

584
00:35:45.440 --> 00:35:49.760
<v Speaker 3>And here's Lord Byron, you know, mad, bad and dangerous

585
00:35:49.840 --> 00:35:51.280
<v Speaker 3>to know Lothario.

586
00:35:52.079 --> 00:35:56.079
<v Speaker 2>Lord Byron had quite a love life. Let's just say.

587
00:35:56.760 --> 00:35:59.800
<v Speaker 2>Rumor had it he fathered a daughter with his half

588
00:36:00.639 --> 00:36:03.360
<v Speaker 2>who at the time was married to her first cousin.

589
00:36:03.719 --> 00:36:08.199
<v Speaker 2>But yes, Lord Byron had also recently gotten Claire impregnated,

590
00:36:08.559 --> 00:36:12.039
<v Speaker 2>even though he blew her off and barely liked her

591
00:36:12.199 --> 00:36:15.400
<v Speaker 2>according to letters, So he was kind of a proto

592
00:36:15.519 --> 00:36:17.719
<v Speaker 2>fuck boy. But I guess in this case he was

593
00:36:17.719 --> 00:36:20.039
<v Speaker 2>a lord. He was a fuck lord. I'll due respect.

594
00:36:20.440 --> 00:36:23.440
<v Speaker 3>And John Polydor, you can just feel this frustration. He's like,

595
00:36:23.800 --> 00:36:27.719
<v Speaker 3>self made man, works really hard, gets educated, and here

596
00:36:27.920 --> 00:36:30.519
<v Speaker 3>is this guy who has all of this access to

597
00:36:30.639 --> 00:36:34.639
<v Speaker 3>money and access to education, access to intelligence and power

598
00:36:34.719 --> 00:36:39.039
<v Speaker 3>and has literature as a way of reaching the people.

599
00:36:39.480 --> 00:36:43.039
<v Speaker 3>And he still goes and does these mean things, less

600
00:36:43.079 --> 00:36:48.239
<v Speaker 3>than enlightened things, and John Polydori writes this story about

601
00:36:48.239 --> 00:36:51.039
<v Speaker 3>a skull headed lady and they all laugh at him.

602
00:36:51.320 --> 00:36:55.360
<v Speaker 3>He almost gets into a duel and he gets sent

603
00:36:55.519 --> 00:36:58.239
<v Speaker 3>home and he goes back to England and he's like,

604
00:36:58.360 --> 00:37:00.559
<v Speaker 3>you know, I'm gonna write this story. I'll show you,

605
00:37:01.199 --> 00:37:05.519
<v Speaker 3>and he writes The Vampire about Lord Riven and it's

606
00:37:05.599 --> 00:37:11.199
<v Speaker 3>this characterization of Lord Byron as a vampire, and it

607
00:37:11.280 --> 00:37:16.440
<v Speaker 3>gets published, gets misattributed as by Lord Byron, and Lord

608
00:37:16.480 --> 00:37:18.639
<v Speaker 3>Byron writes back like I wouldn't write this crap, you know,

609
00:37:19.039 --> 00:37:22.079
<v Speaker 3>retract this. But we get our we get our first

610
00:37:22.920 --> 00:37:27.000
<v Speaker 3>short story, originally in England, written at this at this time,

611
00:37:27.079 --> 00:37:31.280
<v Speaker 3>about a vampire. So that's that's our birth of vampire literature.

612
00:37:31.880 --> 00:37:35.880
<v Speaker 2>Can you imagine if you publish a snarky piece of

613
00:37:36.000 --> 00:37:40.039
<v Speaker 2>literature about someone you low key hate and it gets

614
00:37:40.119 --> 00:37:43.119
<v Speaker 2>popular and then people think your hater wrote it, and

615
00:37:43.199 --> 00:37:45.800
<v Speaker 2>then your hater just hates on it more. But anyway,

616
00:37:46.280 --> 00:37:50.079
<v Speaker 2>thus a monster was born, the first vampire in modern

617
00:37:50.280 --> 00:37:52.840
<v Speaker 2>literary history, which started as a little fuck you.

618
00:37:53.159 --> 00:37:56.039
<v Speaker 3>And that's so think about that. That's two hundred plus

619
00:37:56.159 --> 00:37:59.800
<v Speaker 3>three years ago, so we have two hundred years of

620
00:38:00.320 --> 00:38:04.400
<v Speaker 3>vampire literature. In eighteen forty five to eighteen forty seven,

621
00:38:04.920 --> 00:38:09.800
<v Speaker 3>James Malcolm Rhymer gives us Varney the Vampire. This is

622
00:38:09.880 --> 00:38:12.639
<v Speaker 3>true pulp fiction. I don't know if you've ever read this,

623
00:38:13.000 --> 00:38:16.440
<v Speaker 3>no it sounds fake. It's called the first novel. It

624
00:38:16.559 --> 00:38:20.400
<v Speaker 3>was done in installments. And you know, lest you poo poo,

625
00:38:20.760 --> 00:38:24.559
<v Speaker 3>that Dostayevski published like that too, so but he sort

626
00:38:24.559 --> 00:38:27.039
<v Speaker 3>of eight pages or so of this story, and it

627
00:38:27.199 --> 00:38:30.320
<v Speaker 3>really reads like a soap opera, and the beginning is

628
00:38:30.559 --> 00:38:31.519
<v Speaker 3>very over the top.

629
00:38:32.159 --> 00:38:36.480
<v Speaker 2>So yes, James Malcolm Rhymer's Varney the Vampire was published

630
00:38:36.599 --> 00:38:40.360
<v Speaker 2>in these installments called Penny Dreadfuls, which were horror and

631
00:38:40.599 --> 00:38:43.760
<v Speaker 2>pulp books put out in these slim volumes on cheap

632
00:38:43.840 --> 00:38:46.960
<v Speaker 2>paper and sold for a penny apiece. And I found

633
00:38:47.039 --> 00:38:49.880
<v Speaker 2>a link to the whole damn book, and I'll put

634
00:38:49.880 --> 00:38:52.440
<v Speaker 2>it up on my website. But the full title is

635
00:38:52.920 --> 00:38:56.719
<v Speaker 2>Varney the Vampire, The Feast of Blood, and it opens

636
00:38:57.039 --> 00:39:00.679
<v Speaker 2>the solemn tones of an old cathedral clock. Once midnight.

637
00:39:01.199 --> 00:39:05.400
<v Speaker 2>The air is thick and heavy, a strange deathlike stillness

638
00:39:05.559 --> 00:39:10.119
<v Speaker 2>pervades all nature, and then a storm erupts. Anyway, the

639
00:39:10.199 --> 00:39:12.559
<v Speaker 2>cover I looked it up, is kind of a crude

640
00:39:12.960 --> 00:39:16.840
<v Speaker 2>sketch of like a skeleton coming out of a grave,

641
00:39:17.039 --> 00:39:20.360
<v Speaker 2>and it looks so much like a punk scene from

642
00:39:20.559 --> 00:39:23.199
<v Speaker 2>the early nineties. I would wear this on a shirt.

643
00:39:23.400 --> 00:39:27.079
<v Speaker 2>And the novel bills itself as a romance of exciting interest.

644
00:39:27.400 --> 00:39:30.679
<v Speaker 2>And also the cover poses the question art thou a

645
00:39:30.760 --> 00:39:35.039
<v Speaker 2>spirit of health or a goblin damned? Which is really

646
00:39:35.079 --> 00:39:38.119
<v Speaker 2>the best question I've ever heard, because sometimes I'm jogging,

647
00:39:38.480 --> 00:39:41.719
<v Speaker 2>I'm eating vegetables, breakfast is a smoothie. I am a

648
00:39:41.800 --> 00:39:45.320
<v Speaker 2>spirit of health. Last night, no lie, I ate Cheetos

649
00:39:45.360 --> 00:39:47.559
<v Speaker 2>for dinner, and I fell asleep in jean shorts, and

650
00:39:47.679 --> 00:39:51.280
<v Speaker 2>I'm a goblin damned. I've never appreciated a dichotomy more.

651
00:39:51.400 --> 00:39:52.639
<v Speaker 2>I might have to make much of this.

652
00:39:53.440 --> 00:39:56.519
<v Speaker 3>Romanticism is jumped the shark by this point, and it's

653
00:39:56.639 --> 00:40:00.960
<v Speaker 3>just really flowery and over the top and military and everything.

654
00:40:01.199 --> 00:40:04.599
<v Speaker 3>And it also has one of the greatest endings to

655
00:40:04.719 --> 00:40:08.719
<v Speaker 3>a novel. But because the other four hundred and fifty

656
00:40:08.719 --> 00:40:13.079
<v Speaker 3>pages are almost interminable, most people have not read that work.

657
00:40:13.320 --> 00:40:15.920
<v Speaker 3>I think there were some threats of making shows out

658
00:40:15.960 --> 00:40:18.280
<v Speaker 3>of it, and I still haven't seen any of those.

659
00:40:19.000 --> 00:40:22.280
<v Speaker 2>So that was Varney the Vampire, The Feast of Blood,

660
00:40:22.440 --> 00:40:23.920
<v Speaker 2>You Goblins Damned.

661
00:40:24.599 --> 00:40:28.559
<v Speaker 3>And then in eighteen seventy two we get Shardan Lefaneu

662
00:40:28.880 --> 00:40:32.280
<v Speaker 3>with Carmilla, and this is our first female vampire. So

663
00:40:32.400 --> 00:40:37.360
<v Speaker 3>he writes this novella about a female vampire. My students

664
00:40:37.400 --> 00:40:41.159
<v Speaker 3>don't connect with the vampire. My students don't connect with Varney.

665
00:40:41.400 --> 00:40:44.039
<v Speaker 3>They connect with Carmilla, and they will say, this is

666
00:40:44.320 --> 00:40:48.920
<v Speaker 3>genuinely scary, this is genuinely disturbing, and the language and

667
00:40:49.039 --> 00:40:52.639
<v Speaker 3>the style and everything are so much more approachable. But

668
00:40:52.800 --> 00:40:55.039
<v Speaker 3>that's still one hundred and fifty years old. Carmela is

669
00:40:55.039 --> 00:40:57.199
<v Speaker 3>still one hundred and fifty years old.

670
00:40:57.639 --> 00:41:01.199
<v Speaker 2>Camilla spooked people so much because, first off, it was

671
00:41:01.320 --> 00:41:05.039
<v Speaker 2>homo erotic, which made people feel all kinds of feelings

672
00:41:05.119 --> 00:41:09.400
<v Speaker 2>that scared them because of a repressive time, and because

673
00:41:09.559 --> 00:41:14.440
<v Speaker 2>it was more psychological about manipulation and reincarnation and trust

674
00:41:14.559 --> 00:41:18.880
<v Speaker 2>and betrayal. Also in terms of ladies with ladies, must

675
00:41:18.960 --> 00:41:22.639
<v Speaker 2>the narrative be so cursed? Sadly, the popular culture at

676
00:41:22.639 --> 00:41:25.960
<v Speaker 2>the time didn't allow for just a more lighthearted LGBTQ

677
00:41:26.119 --> 00:41:29.480
<v Speaker 2>plus romcom without the plague of the Undead, which was

678
00:41:29.519 --> 00:41:32.119
<v Speaker 2>a bummer. So that was in eighteen seventy two, and

679
00:41:32.239 --> 00:41:37.320
<v Speaker 2>finally twenty five years after Camilla onto the main vampire event.

680
00:41:38.159 --> 00:41:41.559
<v Speaker 3>And then we jump ahead to eighteen ninety seven and

681
00:41:41.639 --> 00:41:45.559
<v Speaker 3>that's when we get Dracula. So we had Lefenew and

682
00:41:46.400 --> 00:41:50.039
<v Speaker 3>Stoker knew each other. They're both irishmen who moved to

683
00:41:50.719 --> 00:41:54.360
<v Speaker 3>England to London. They knew each other. Stoker used to

684
00:41:54.440 --> 00:41:57.840
<v Speaker 3>write theater reviews and things like that, and LeFanu was

685
00:41:57.840 --> 00:42:02.679
<v Speaker 3>a publisher and so there was a mutual admiration society there.

686
00:42:03.440 --> 00:42:08.079
<v Speaker 3>And Stoker takes all of those elements. Carmilla is, you know,

687
00:42:08.679 --> 00:42:13.079
<v Speaker 3>Dracula's mother. There's so many of the vampire literary conventions

688
00:42:13.119 --> 00:42:16.400
<v Speaker 3>that get used that Stoker takes, and he takes things

689
00:42:16.480 --> 00:42:18.920
<v Speaker 3>from Polydori and from Rhymer as well.

690
00:42:19.760 --> 00:42:22.639
<v Speaker 2>So those were the guys who wrote The Vampire. Loosely

691
00:42:22.719 --> 00:42:26.360
<v Speaker 2>about Lord Byron and Varney the vampire. The Penny Dreadful

692
00:42:26.400 --> 00:42:28.400
<v Speaker 2>series is okay, there's a lot of names, a lot

693
00:42:28.440 --> 00:42:30.119
<v Speaker 2>of vampires up on this and.

694
00:42:30.199 --> 00:42:35.760
<v Speaker 3>Then also goes back into the folklore and studies up

695
00:42:35.840 --> 00:42:38.360
<v Speaker 3>on this, and we know the sources that Stoker is

696
00:42:38.760 --> 00:42:42.559
<v Speaker 3>accessing to create Dracula, and he's he's going to call

697
00:42:42.679 --> 00:42:44.239
<v Speaker 3>him Count Vampire.

698
00:42:45.639 --> 00:42:47.480
<v Speaker 2>Ooh, that's original.

699
00:42:48.639 --> 00:42:52.840
<v Speaker 3>And then he stumbles on this character from Romanian history

700
00:42:53.159 --> 00:42:56.440
<v Speaker 3>with the name Dracula, and that's just so perfect. It

701
00:42:56.599 --> 00:43:02.360
<v Speaker 3>just sounds so so ominous. Are our word Raku in

702
00:43:02.920 --> 00:43:07.239
<v Speaker 3>Romanian means the devil. It's also the dragon that Saint

703
00:43:07.320 --> 00:43:08.199
<v Speaker 3>George slays.

704
00:43:08.880 --> 00:43:12.199
<v Speaker 2>So Saint George was a figure who slayed this village

705
00:43:12.239 --> 00:43:15.920
<v Speaker 2>beast and saved a princess. And thus vampires kind of

706
00:43:15.960 --> 00:43:21.119
<v Speaker 2>became the new dragons. Dragons are over. They're chugi Chugi

707
00:43:21.239 --> 00:43:24.519
<v Speaker 2>is cringe, cringe is crnch Either way, vampires are dragons.

708
00:43:24.679 --> 00:43:28.599
<v Speaker 2>Does that also have a direct connection to Vlad the

709
00:43:28.599 --> 00:43:29.639
<v Speaker 2>Impaler as well?

710
00:43:30.079 --> 00:43:33.800
<v Speaker 3>Historically, so this is the time when the Turks are

711
00:43:34.119 --> 00:43:39.519
<v Speaker 3>invading Southeastern Europe and the Christians. This is orthodoxyes, Central

712
00:43:39.559 --> 00:43:42.880
<v Speaker 3>and Eastern Europe, So this is Eastern Orthodoxy and they're

713
00:43:42.960 --> 00:43:49.519
<v Speaker 3>fighting against the Muslim Turks. And so Vlod's father belongs

714
00:43:49.599 --> 00:43:54.000
<v Speaker 3>to the Order of the Dragon. Vlod's father would have

715
00:43:54.079 --> 00:43:58.440
<v Speaker 3>been Drakul of the Order of the Dragon. And Vlad

716
00:43:58.639 --> 00:44:01.360
<v Speaker 3>is the son of the person who belongs to the

717
00:44:01.519 --> 00:44:05.440
<v Speaker 3>Order of the Dragon. Very often you'll see that Order

718
00:44:05.480 --> 00:44:07.599
<v Speaker 3>of the Devil or something like trying to tie him

719
00:44:07.599 --> 00:44:12.320
<v Speaker 3>into demonic kind of stuff. This is the defenders of Christianity,

720
00:44:12.960 --> 00:44:15.320
<v Speaker 3>this is the evil slayer.

721
00:44:16.360 --> 00:44:19.639
<v Speaker 2>And Vlad the Impaler did not have an easy life.

722
00:44:20.000 --> 00:44:23.599
<v Speaker 2>His father and brother were both killed by an invader.

723
00:44:24.000 --> 00:44:27.960
<v Speaker 2>People betrayed him left and right so much that he

724
00:44:28.119 --> 00:44:31.079
<v Speaker 2>cleaned house and impaled a bunch of his enemies, and

725
00:44:31.559 --> 00:44:34.039
<v Speaker 2>it was just known as a Romanian hero and a

726
00:44:34.119 --> 00:44:38.480
<v Speaker 2>real person to not fuck with. And Bram Stoker's extensive

727
00:44:38.800 --> 00:44:42.360
<v Speaker 2>research and notes are one hundred pages long, and nowhere

728
00:44:42.440 --> 00:44:46.199
<v Speaker 2>in there does he mention flat even though Vlad the

729
00:44:46.239 --> 00:44:49.400
<v Speaker 2>Impaler straight up signed his name Dracula, but with a K,

730
00:44:49.679 --> 00:44:54.440
<v Speaker 2>which is cute. So historians are divided there. Did he

731
00:44:54.920 --> 00:44:59.760
<v Speaker 2>have anything historically that did correlate to what we think

732
00:44:59.840 --> 00:45:03.519
<v Speaker 2>of notions with vampires now or was it just really

733
00:45:03.719 --> 00:45:07.639
<v Speaker 2>like he was a pretty badass dude, pretty scary, impaled

734
00:45:07.679 --> 00:45:09.880
<v Speaker 2>some people, kind of a good nod, right.

735
00:45:10.119 --> 00:45:13.639
<v Speaker 3>That's what makes Romanians so mad is that they took

736
00:45:13.719 --> 00:45:18.800
<v Speaker 3>this national hero and made him a vampire. These were

737
00:45:18.880 --> 00:45:22.559
<v Speaker 3>coral times that you know, he was he was defending Christianity,

738
00:45:22.679 --> 00:45:25.599
<v Speaker 3>he was defending the church and his beliefs, for his

739
00:45:26.119 --> 00:45:28.760
<v Speaker 3>for his state. And then at that point, the ends

740
00:45:30.760 --> 00:45:32.960
<v Speaker 3>of the stakes justify the means. You know, if you're

741
00:45:33.000 --> 00:45:35.920
<v Speaker 3>going to impale somebody, if you're going to show them

742
00:45:36.280 --> 00:45:39.320
<v Speaker 3>that you shouldn't come around here, that's a pretty graphic

743
00:45:39.440 --> 00:45:44.199
<v Speaker 3>way of doing that. There are some reports of, you know,

744
00:45:44.400 --> 00:45:48.800
<v Speaker 3>maybe he was doing something that farious like dipping his

745
00:45:49.119 --> 00:45:51.559
<v Speaker 3>bread in the blood of the people he had been

746
00:45:51.679 --> 00:45:53.960
<v Speaker 3>paled and everything, and then other people will say, oh,

747
00:45:54.000 --> 00:45:58.480
<v Speaker 3>that's that's Hungarian propaganda, trying to deface the name of

748
00:45:59.480 --> 00:46:03.679
<v Speaker 3>this person who was otherwise defending Christianity as well. Neighbors

749
00:46:03.760 --> 00:46:06.239
<v Speaker 3>never like each other, so they're always going to talk

750
00:46:06.320 --> 00:46:08.440
<v Speaker 3>crap about each other. That's true.

751
00:46:09.239 --> 00:46:14.719
<v Speaker 2>And what about when it just took off in Hollywood

752
00:46:14.800 --> 00:46:18.159
<v Speaker 2>cinema in what the early twenties did it just hit

753
00:46:18.239 --> 00:46:22.119
<v Speaker 2>a new boom when it came to this new medium.

754
00:46:22.559 --> 00:46:26.559
<v Speaker 3>Bram Stoker worked for Sir Henry Irving in his theater company.

755
00:46:27.360 --> 00:46:30.880
<v Speaker 2>Sir Henry Irving was a stage actor. Side note sounds

756
00:46:30.920 --> 00:46:31.239
<v Speaker 2>like kind of.

757
00:46:31.239 --> 00:46:33.679
<v Speaker 3>A dick in Stoker's writing on the side as well.

758
00:46:33.760 --> 00:46:36.960
<v Speaker 3>He's got multiple novels published. I have not read any

759
00:46:37.000 --> 00:46:40.440
<v Speaker 3>of them other than Dracula. And I've read Dracula a

760
00:46:40.480 --> 00:46:44.239
<v Speaker 3>whole bunch of times too, because it's compelling literature. But

761
00:46:44.480 --> 00:46:50.960
<v Speaker 3>it is very theatrical. It's very pre cinematic. And the

762
00:46:51.119 --> 00:46:54.679
<v Speaker 3>first thing that Stoker does being in the theater, he

763
00:46:54.800 --> 00:46:57.639
<v Speaker 3>writes this novel and then he has a reading of

764
00:46:57.719 --> 00:47:03.239
<v Speaker 3>the entire novel on a stage, which then establishes copyright

765
00:47:03.480 --> 00:47:08.679
<v Speaker 3>for the stage. Oh smart. And then later somebody comes

766
00:47:08.760 --> 00:47:12.199
<v Speaker 3>along and Sir Henry Irving is like, this is garbage,

767
00:47:12.320 --> 00:47:14.920
<v Speaker 3>and you know, humor him for now, and he's not

768
00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:17.440
<v Speaker 3>going to say bad things to bram Stoker because bram

769
00:47:17.519 --> 00:47:21.440
<v Speaker 3>Stoker is organizing his tours of the United States and

770
00:47:21.559 --> 00:47:27.199
<v Speaker 3>all over. And somebody says, actually, this would make pretty

771
00:47:27.239 --> 00:47:30.159
<v Speaker 3>good theater, and you know, other than like, I mean,

772
00:47:30.719 --> 00:47:32.639
<v Speaker 3>how do you do a ghost on stage? Or how

773
00:47:32.679 --> 00:47:35.119
<v Speaker 3>do you make somebody turn into a werewolf on stage?

774
00:47:35.519 --> 00:47:38.719
<v Speaker 3>But a vampire on stage isn't too terribly hard to do.

775
00:47:39.679 --> 00:47:44.800
<v Speaker 3>So we get our first theatrical treatments of Dracula as

776
00:47:44.800 --> 00:47:48.199
<v Speaker 3>a stage play, and actually Belle Lagosi is on the

777
00:47:49.239 --> 00:47:52.480
<v Speaker 3>stage and the theater performances of this, so he gets

778
00:47:52.599 --> 00:47:56.239
<v Speaker 3>part of his start there in the theater, and twenty.

779
00:47:56.079 --> 00:48:00.280
<v Speaker 2>Five years later, vampires just jazz handered their way onto

780
00:48:00.320 --> 00:48:01.079
<v Speaker 2>the silver screen.

781
00:48:01.480 --> 00:48:06.000
<v Speaker 3>In nineteen twenty two, the movie nos Ferratu comes out

782
00:48:06.280 --> 00:48:12.679
<v Speaker 3>by more Now German movie, German expressionism. Everybody who's ever

783
00:48:12.840 --> 00:48:18.039
<v Speaker 3>taken a film class has or should have watched nos Ferratu.

784
00:48:18.960 --> 00:48:19.920
<v Speaker 2>Stlift Girl.

785
00:48:22.440 --> 00:48:25.559
<v Speaker 3>Laid there again. That's one hundred years old this year,

786
00:48:25.679 --> 00:48:30.559
<v Speaker 3>nineteen twenty two, and that was after World War One.

787
00:48:31.079 --> 00:48:35.719
<v Speaker 3>Germany starts this mess and then loses the war and

788
00:48:35.800 --> 00:48:39.079
<v Speaker 3>then has its military taken away from it, and then

789
00:48:39.199 --> 00:48:43.159
<v Speaker 3>also has to pay reparations under the Treaty of Versailles,

790
00:48:43.800 --> 00:48:49.280
<v Speaker 3>and more Now feels this connection between, you know, having

791
00:48:49.360 --> 00:48:53.639
<v Speaker 3>the life force drained out of Germany by the conditions

792
00:48:53.719 --> 00:48:57.159
<v Speaker 3>of the Treaty of Versailles, just like a vampire.

793
00:48:57.039 --> 00:48:59.800
<v Speaker 2>Germany just throwing a huge ass pity party for its

794
00:48:59.800 --> 00:49:02.840
<v Speaker 2>all after World War One. Germany, come on, don't do

795
00:49:02.920 --> 00:49:03.320
<v Speaker 2>this again.

796
00:49:04.199 --> 00:49:05.920
<v Speaker 3>So you get this novel that comes out in eighteen

797
00:49:06.000 --> 00:49:09.119
<v Speaker 3>ninety seven. But they're in Germany, in post war Germany,

798
00:49:09.400 --> 00:49:12.119
<v Speaker 3>and they don't have money to pay the copyright and

799
00:49:12.280 --> 00:49:17.039
<v Speaker 3>so they make changes and turn Count draculind account or lock,

800
00:49:17.159 --> 00:49:20.639
<v Speaker 3>and they conflate some characters and change the time and

801
00:49:20.800 --> 00:49:24.280
<v Speaker 3>change the place and change the setting. Hope, hopefully this

802
00:49:24.400 --> 00:49:28.400
<v Speaker 3>will be enough to not violate copyright. Bram Stoker has

803
00:49:28.719 --> 00:49:31.840
<v Speaker 3>died by then, but his wife is still alive, and

804
00:49:32.000 --> 00:49:36.920
<v Speaker 3>she is not a wealthy woman, and so she sues

805
00:49:37.519 --> 00:49:41.480
<v Speaker 3>to have the movie destroyed, and the court say, you know, yes,

806
00:49:41.599 --> 00:49:44.800
<v Speaker 3>this is copyright violation, and all of the copies were

807
00:49:44.880 --> 00:49:46.679
<v Speaker 3>destroyed of the movie.

808
00:49:46.880 --> 00:49:49.320
<v Speaker 2>Oh my gosh, I don't know that. Wait, what how

809
00:49:49.840 --> 00:49:54.280
<v Speaker 2>I've seen this film with the tall, gaunt ashen ghoul

810
00:49:54.760 --> 00:49:58.039
<v Speaker 2>with no hair but really long nails and those sharpened

811
00:49:58.159 --> 00:49:59.760
<v Speaker 2>beaver teeth. How did I see it?

812
00:50:00.719 --> 00:50:03.800
<v Speaker 3>Except for a couple that were in some film archives.

813
00:50:04.440 --> 00:50:08.840
<v Speaker 3>And so the the nos Ferratu that you have seen now,

814
00:50:08.960 --> 00:50:13.320
<v Speaker 3>and hopefully you've seen the Keno International restored copy, which

815
00:50:13.400 --> 00:50:19.760
<v Speaker 3>is beautiful Frankenstein stitched together from existing copies. Quino International

816
00:50:20.159 --> 00:50:26.519
<v Speaker 3>is rehand tinted to show daylight and sunlight and night time,

817
00:50:26.679 --> 00:50:29.519
<v Speaker 3>and it's it's really truly beautiful. And I hope that

818
00:50:29.960 --> 00:50:32.559
<v Speaker 3>it's one hundredth anniversary is going to lead to a

819
00:50:32.639 --> 00:50:36.000
<v Speaker 3>lot of showings this this fall as well, but that

820
00:50:36.199 --> 00:50:40.239
<v Speaker 3>you know again, it's like you can imagine how celluloid burns,

821
00:50:40.360 --> 00:50:43.880
<v Speaker 3>and so they're like, burn the vampire and destroy all

822
00:50:43.920 --> 00:50:48.119
<v Speaker 3>these destroy all these copies of the movie. But vampires

823
00:50:48.199 --> 00:50:50.679
<v Speaker 3>always have a way of coming back. So just like

824
00:50:51.079 --> 00:50:53.960
<v Speaker 3>just like our folklore vampire, which could have you know,

825
00:50:54.639 --> 00:50:59.760
<v Speaker 3>died and disappeared, it shape shifts into a into a

826
00:51:00.239 --> 00:51:03.800
<v Speaker 3>a literary device, into a metaphor and gets picked up

827
00:51:04.079 --> 00:51:07.679
<v Speaker 3>in the literature and then gets picked up into cinema.

828
00:51:08.119 --> 00:51:10.599
<v Speaker 3>And because right at that time we also have the

829
00:51:10.639 --> 00:51:14.639
<v Speaker 3>special effects of having stop animation and slow crank and

830
00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:20.000
<v Speaker 3>the tinting and intertitles and everything else, it makes really

831
00:51:20.159 --> 00:51:24.360
<v Speaker 3>compelling film, except it gets destroyed and so a lot

832
00:51:24.400 --> 00:51:26.519
<v Speaker 3>of people then never get to see this movie.

833
00:51:27.280 --> 00:51:31.400
<v Speaker 2>By now, of course, Nosfatu is immortal, and these recent

834
00:51:31.559 --> 00:51:35.679
<v Speaker 2>restorations are apparently just powerfully stunning. They're much more crisp,

835
00:51:35.840 --> 00:51:40.159
<v Speaker 2>more detailed, although to be fair, some people prefer the

836
00:51:40.280 --> 00:51:42.800
<v Speaker 2>grainy versions because they have kind of more of a

837
00:51:43.000 --> 00:51:47.360
<v Speaker 2>ghosty feel and they're fuzzier and more amorphous. And the

838
00:51:47.480 --> 00:51:53.000
<v Speaker 2>lead actor Max Shrek inhabits the role so fully in

839
00:51:53.079 --> 00:51:55.559
<v Speaker 2>the older versions and the new versions, but in the

840
00:51:55.599 --> 00:51:58.719
<v Speaker 2>older ones partly because you can't make out details that

841
00:51:58.760 --> 00:52:01.320
<v Speaker 2>could ruin the vibe, like the edges of his bald

842
00:52:01.360 --> 00:52:03.400
<v Speaker 2>cap that you can see in the restored versions. So

843
00:52:04.039 --> 00:52:08.320
<v Speaker 2>sometimes the devil is in the details. Sometimes less is more.

844
00:52:09.039 --> 00:52:11.639
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, people who take a shortcut and go to YouTube

845
00:52:11.760 --> 00:52:14.599
<v Speaker 3>are going to find the unrestored copies, because that's of

846
00:52:14.679 --> 00:52:18.599
<v Speaker 3>course no longer under copyright. But the restored copies, and

847
00:52:18.920 --> 00:52:23.440
<v Speaker 3>they're very easy to find, are truly beautiful, and they

848
00:52:23.519 --> 00:52:29.079
<v Speaker 3>have music to them in English translation, intertitles and everything.

849
00:52:29.440 --> 00:52:32.639
<v Speaker 3>It's really truly wonderful to get to see. And of course,

850
00:52:32.960 --> 00:52:35.800
<v Speaker 3>you know, as we're watching it in class, I'm like, oh,

851
00:52:36.159 --> 00:52:38.760
<v Speaker 3>that's an image that you'll see in any film textbook.

852
00:52:38.800 --> 00:52:40.440
<v Speaker 3>Oh and that one too, Oh, and that one too, Oh,

853
00:52:40.480 --> 00:52:43.440
<v Speaker 3>and that one. And they're probably fifteen or twenty stills

854
00:52:43.480 --> 00:52:46.960
<v Speaker 3>from that movie that will be in just about any

855
00:52:47.079 --> 00:52:53.400
<v Speaker 3>film history book or film studies book or film storytelling

856
00:52:53.480 --> 00:52:54.159
<v Speaker 3>book as well.

857
00:52:54.880 --> 00:52:57.519
<v Speaker 2>So this print is playing all over the UK through

858
00:52:57.679 --> 00:53:01.639
<v Speaker 2>October and November. Dances Are Your town, no matter where

859
00:53:01.679 --> 00:53:05.679
<v Speaker 2>you live, has a small cluster of cinema dorks watching

860
00:53:05.760 --> 00:53:08.960
<v Speaker 2>No Sparatu around Halloween, and if not, the full movie

861
00:53:09.119 --> 00:53:11.039
<v Speaker 2>is on YouTube, so you can gather your own nerd

862
00:53:11.039 --> 00:53:16.639
<v Speaker 2>brigade to watch this once banned Dracula knockoff. So why

863
00:53:17.039 --> 00:53:21.480
<v Speaker 2>so many Dracula adaptations now? So in around nineteen sixty

864
00:53:21.599 --> 00:53:25.480
<v Speaker 2>the copyright for Bram Stoker's novel expired all over the

865
00:53:25.559 --> 00:53:29.440
<v Speaker 2>world and it was fair game for night feeding blood creeps.

866
00:53:30.159 --> 00:53:33.880
<v Speaker 3>Our next big Dracula triumph then is nineteen thirty one

867
00:53:34.360 --> 00:53:38.760
<v Speaker 3>with bel Lagosi Universal Films. Again, this is two years

868
00:53:38.880 --> 00:53:42.400
<v Speaker 3>after the stock market crash and the Great Depression and everything,

869
00:53:42.480 --> 00:53:46.280
<v Speaker 3>and they just build all these huge studios with these amazing,

870
00:53:46.960 --> 00:53:51.400
<v Speaker 3>soaring sound stages and everything, and the theater play is okay,

871
00:53:51.440 --> 00:53:53.000
<v Speaker 3>but you've got to do it over and over. And

872
00:53:53.039 --> 00:53:56.719
<v Speaker 3>they're like, well, we've got these studios collecting cobwebs and everything,

873
00:53:56.880 --> 00:53:59.320
<v Speaker 3>Like hey, what's better than that than make a vampire movie?

874
00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:03.840
<v Speaker 3>And so they make Dracula in nineteen thirty one, and

875
00:54:03.920 --> 00:54:08.199
<v Speaker 3>there you've got bell Legosi in this tuxedo and he's

876
00:54:08.280 --> 00:54:11.599
<v Speaker 3>got his accent because it's we have sound by now,

877
00:54:12.039 --> 00:54:15.320
<v Speaker 3>and he really plays this East European count.

878
00:54:16.119 --> 00:54:19.039
<v Speaker 2>My blood now flows through ir veins.

879
00:54:19.559 --> 00:54:21.960
<v Speaker 3>And think about this, this is nineteen thirty one. We

880
00:54:22.079 --> 00:54:25.000
<v Speaker 3>had a lot of nobility who came to the United

881
00:54:25.039 --> 00:54:28.440
<v Speaker 3>States fleeing, especially after the Russian Revolution.

882
00:54:29.280 --> 00:54:30.920
<v Speaker 2>Just a quick side note for all of us who

883
00:54:31.000 --> 00:54:34.280
<v Speaker 2>don't have the dates for the Russian Revolution just etched

884
00:54:34.320 --> 00:54:38.320
<v Speaker 2>in our memories. We're talking nineteen seventeen to nineteen twenty three.

885
00:54:38.639 --> 00:54:41.679
<v Speaker 2>That's more than a century after the French Revolution, which

886
00:54:41.719 --> 00:54:44.719
<v Speaker 2>we touched on in the field trip minnesot I go

887
00:54:44.920 --> 00:54:47.880
<v Speaker 2>France a few weeks ago. There's just so many revolutions,

888
00:54:47.920 --> 00:54:49.679
<v Speaker 2>there's so little time, and so.

889
00:54:49.920 --> 00:54:52.840
<v Speaker 3>We have these East Europeans that are both working in

890
00:54:52.960 --> 00:54:55.840
<v Speaker 3>factories and building skyscrapers and things like that, but also

891
00:54:56.239 --> 00:55:00.960
<v Speaker 3>these educated people, wealthy people who are from the dark East,

892
00:55:01.280 --> 00:55:03.760
<v Speaker 3>and they're still scary, and they still practice religions that

893
00:55:04.679 --> 00:55:07.239
<v Speaker 3>we don't know, and we put a lot of our

894
00:55:07.360 --> 00:55:12.199
<v Speaker 3>fears into these possibly powerful people who are wealthy and

895
00:55:12.400 --> 00:55:14.679
<v Speaker 3>educated and come from this area of the world and

896
00:55:14.760 --> 00:55:20.199
<v Speaker 3>practice those religions. That's very different from nos Ferratu. He

897
00:55:20.960 --> 00:55:24.360
<v Speaker 3>looks like a rat. He's got these long, pointy ears

898
00:55:24.519 --> 00:55:28.719
<v Speaker 3>and a beaky nose. And there are lots of analyzes

899
00:55:28.960 --> 00:55:31.440
<v Speaker 3>about how this is very anti Semitic.

900
00:55:31.760 --> 00:55:34.119
<v Speaker 2>So you do not have to dig deep underground to

901
00:55:34.320 --> 00:55:39.639
<v Speaker 2>find scholarly papers about literary and cinematic vampires and how

902
00:55:39.679 --> 00:55:43.119
<v Speaker 2>they've been used and sometimes co opted by anti Semites.

903
00:55:43.760 --> 00:55:49.039
<v Speaker 2>Many film and literature scholars draw parallels between vamporism and

904
00:55:49.159 --> 00:55:53.559
<v Speaker 2>something called blood libel, which is old and hateful slander

905
00:55:53.760 --> 00:55:58.239
<v Speaker 2>about Jewish people needing human blood for passover, and lies

906
00:55:58.519 --> 00:56:02.199
<v Speaker 2>like these have fueled genocide. And though this screenwriter for

907
00:56:02.360 --> 00:56:05.440
<v Speaker 2>Nosaratu was himself Jewish, as were many of the actors

908
00:56:05.559 --> 00:56:08.920
<v Speaker 2>in the director F. W. Murnaut, was Queer. The film's

909
00:56:09.119 --> 00:56:12.599
<v Speaker 2>premiere in nineteen twenty two was attended by none other

910
00:56:12.719 --> 00:56:15.960
<v Speaker 2>than the head of propaganda for what would become the

911
00:56:16.079 --> 00:56:20.519
<v Speaker 2>Nazi Party, which adopted and co opted some of the

912
00:56:20.639 --> 00:56:25.760
<v Speaker 2>imagery and messaging of vampires in further anti Semitic hate, which,

913
00:56:26.079 --> 00:56:30.440
<v Speaker 2>given the hatred and the awful messaging from Kanye West

914
00:56:30.519 --> 00:56:33.719
<v Speaker 2>this week, it just feels like this horrifying resurrection of

915
00:56:33.880 --> 00:56:38.320
<v Speaker 2>history itself now. In the twenty twenty two essay Bloodsuckers, Vampires,

916
00:56:38.480 --> 00:56:42.280
<v Speaker 2>Anti Semitism and nos Feratu at one hundred, writer Nora

917
00:56:42.400 --> 00:56:47.760
<v Speaker 2>Berlatsky also notes that the cinematic vampires tend to share

918
00:56:48.079 --> 00:56:51.400
<v Speaker 2>the trait of wealth, and writes quote, A narrative that

919
00:56:51.519 --> 00:56:53.559
<v Speaker 2>is inherent to the story of nos Faratu and other

920
00:56:53.719 --> 00:56:57.960
<v Speaker 2>expressionist films of the time is the threat of authoritarian

921
00:56:58.079 --> 00:57:02.159
<v Speaker 2>and aristocratic figures seeking to take control. And Noah continues,

922
00:57:02.559 --> 00:57:05.639
<v Speaker 2>Nosaratu is not a movie that welcomes me in, but

923
00:57:06.000 --> 00:57:10.199
<v Speaker 2>count orlock in the best traditions of the diaspora. Refused

924
00:57:10.360 --> 00:57:13.320
<v Speaker 2>to stay in the box the Gentiles built for him.

925
00:57:13.719 --> 00:57:16.639
<v Speaker 3>So it's like they're these conditions, were living under their

926
00:57:16.840 --> 00:57:21.440
<v Speaker 3>awful and this nos Ferratu style vampire, so that's our

927
00:57:21.519 --> 00:57:27.039
<v Speaker 3>first stylized, visually stylized vampire. He's tall and skinny. He

928
00:57:27.119 --> 00:57:30.679
<v Speaker 3>looks like death. He looks like the anthropomorphisation of death.

929
00:57:31.000 --> 00:57:35.360
<v Speaker 3>The French call him a philambulist, a walking fallus.

930
00:57:35.760 --> 00:57:36.199
<v Speaker 2>How do you do?

931
00:57:36.719 --> 00:57:40.480
<v Speaker 3>He's very irorect and he has these long nails which

932
00:57:40.679 --> 00:57:43.960
<v Speaker 3>which grow. Throughout the movie. He'll be framed in the

933
00:57:44.119 --> 00:57:46.880
<v Speaker 3>doorway and it looks like he's in a coffin. He's

934
00:57:46.920 --> 00:57:53.599
<v Speaker 3>got these darkened eyes and the prosthetic nose and these gaunt,

935
00:57:53.760 --> 00:57:57.760
<v Speaker 3>gaunt features as opposed to Belle Lagosi, who's you know, chubby,

936
00:57:57.880 --> 00:58:01.320
<v Speaker 3>and you never see him run or uh lift heavy

937
00:58:01.400 --> 00:58:05.960
<v Speaker 3>boxes or anything. At most, he's carrying off the Mina

938
00:58:06.039 --> 00:58:10.239
<v Speaker 3>Harker character, and that's about it. He's not physically threatening.

939
00:58:10.559 --> 00:58:13.440
<v Speaker 3>We have to make him threatening by shining a light

940
00:58:13.559 --> 00:58:16.159
<v Speaker 3>on his eyes, and you know, are implying that he's

941
00:58:16.239 --> 00:58:20.119
<v Speaker 3>hypnotizing people as well. We have this first nos Ferratu

942
00:58:20.280 --> 00:58:24.039
<v Speaker 3>type vampire, and then we have the bel Lagosi type vampire,

943
00:58:24.119 --> 00:58:28.679
<v Speaker 3>except the nos Feratu doesn't survive in people's mental image

944
00:58:28.840 --> 00:58:33.079
<v Speaker 3>or in the you know, equivalent of the video stores

945
00:58:33.079 --> 00:58:36.960
<v Speaker 3>of the time, and so the bell Lagosi style Dracula

946
00:58:37.079 --> 00:58:42.440
<v Speaker 3>becomes our standard image of the vampire, the cinematic vampire

947
00:58:43.079 --> 00:58:46.320
<v Speaker 3>for a while until up until the end of World

948
00:58:46.400 --> 00:58:53.039
<v Speaker 3>War two. And World War two ends with a nuclear bomb,

949
00:58:53.840 --> 00:58:59.239
<v Speaker 3>the you know, man's triumph over nature and technology and

950
00:58:59.400 --> 00:59:01.400
<v Speaker 3>everything out that is, like the cars all of a

951
00:59:01.440 --> 00:59:04.480
<v Speaker 3>sudden look like rocket ships, and you know, everything's space,

952
00:59:04.519 --> 00:59:08.320
<v Speaker 3>aliens and mutants, and the supernatural vampire doesn't have a

953
00:59:08.440 --> 00:59:13.039
<v Speaker 3>place in that world, and true to its nature, the

954
00:59:13.159 --> 00:59:17.599
<v Speaker 3>vampire just goes underground and waits everybody out. And then

955
00:59:17.920 --> 00:59:21.239
<v Speaker 3>it isn't until nineteen fifty eight when we get the

956
00:59:21.320 --> 00:59:26.679
<v Speaker 3>horror of Dracula with Christopher Lee, who reinvents the Dracula character.

957
00:59:27.400 --> 00:59:31.159
<v Speaker 2>So Christopher Lee was like a career villain, so good

958
00:59:31.239 --> 00:59:35.239
<v Speaker 2>at it and so good at his haunting portrayal of

959
00:59:35.360 --> 00:59:38.920
<v Speaker 2>Dracula that he played him nine times. Because if the

960
00:59:39.039 --> 00:59:42.199
<v Speaker 2>cap fits, wear it and eats someone, he.

961
00:59:42.440 --> 00:59:46.880
<v Speaker 3>Has an impeccable British accent, no more of this thick

962
00:59:46.960 --> 00:59:52.599
<v Speaker 3>Hungarian accent from bel Lagosi. And he's lean and fit,

963
00:59:52.760 --> 00:59:55.519
<v Speaker 3>and they shoot him up, and he's tall, and he

964
00:59:56.159 --> 00:59:59.199
<v Speaker 3>runs up the stairs two by two and he turns

965
00:59:59.280 --> 01:00:06.480
<v Speaker 3>into this snow narling beast. They have destroyed my servant.

966
01:00:09.039 --> 01:00:15.519
<v Speaker 3>They will be destroyed. Belle Lugosi didn't have fangs. Christopher

967
01:00:15.679 --> 01:00:18.559
<v Speaker 3>Lee does, and he's got these red eyes. And this

968
01:00:18.760 --> 01:00:22.639
<v Speaker 3>is this is our first technicolor vampire movie. So it

969
01:00:22.760 --> 01:00:26.639
<v Speaker 3>starts out with his heavy Gothic Germanic sounding, you know,

970
01:00:27.400 --> 01:00:31.239
<v Speaker 3>Nazi salute music pounding, and you've got this grave of

971
01:00:31.400 --> 01:00:35.920
<v Speaker 3>Dracula and then this bright red blood dripping onto it,

972
01:00:36.239 --> 01:00:39.320
<v Speaker 3>and it's the kind of the Wizard of Oz effect.

973
01:00:39.480 --> 01:00:41.880
<v Speaker 3>This like we're not in Kansas anymore, and like this

974
01:00:42.159 --> 01:00:46.039
<v Speaker 3>is really red blood on this, on this grave. And

975
01:00:46.320 --> 01:00:51.199
<v Speaker 3>then Christopher Lee just reinvents the the Dracula genre. But

976
01:00:51.320 --> 01:00:56.519
<v Speaker 3>that's a huge shift that we get this powerful, English speaking,

977
01:00:57.599 --> 01:01:01.800
<v Speaker 3>really compelling, scary person and who's living in our basement.

978
01:01:02.159 --> 01:01:04.679
<v Speaker 2>But you said he had fangs, when other vampires previous

979
01:01:04.679 --> 01:01:05.239
<v Speaker 2>to him didn't.

980
01:01:05.559 --> 01:01:08.440
<v Speaker 3>Bella Lugosi did not have fangs. He had his cape.

981
01:01:08.599 --> 01:01:11.800
<v Speaker 3>Never realized that he was buried in his cape, but

982
01:01:12.000 --> 01:01:16.559
<v Speaker 3>no fangs. And when you see the image, just google

983
01:01:16.679 --> 01:01:21.679
<v Speaker 3>image Christopher Lee Vampire Transformation, and you'll see him with

984
01:01:21.800 --> 01:01:23.840
<v Speaker 3>these blood red I don't even know what they did

985
01:01:23.920 --> 01:01:26.199
<v Speaker 3>to his eyes to make them so red, but these

986
01:01:26.599 --> 01:01:29.239
<v Speaker 3>mouth of teeth and his swept back hair, and he

987
01:01:29.360 --> 01:01:33.360
<v Speaker 3>really looks scary. He really looks snarling. He turns from

988
01:01:33.440 --> 01:01:39.079
<v Speaker 3>this debonair English speaking noble into this snarling beast.

989
01:01:39.760 --> 01:01:43.000
<v Speaker 2>Ps. I looked up his makeup regimen for this, and

990
01:01:43.239 --> 01:01:46.159
<v Speaker 2>oh how I wish that Christopher Lee had done like

991
01:01:46.239 --> 01:01:50.079
<v Speaker 2>a Get Ready with Me Undead Corpse Edition video series.

992
01:01:50.280 --> 01:01:51.880
<v Speaker 2>But instead all I found was that he had to

993
01:01:51.920 --> 01:01:54.440
<v Speaker 2>wear contact lenses that covered even the whites of his

994
01:01:54.559 --> 01:01:57.840
<v Speaker 2>eyes to make them bloody red, which kind of sounds

995
01:01:57.880 --> 01:01:59.960
<v Speaker 2>like some kind of torture that a monster would inflict.

996
01:02:00.280 --> 01:02:03.280
<v Speaker 3>It's really really amazing. But the pace of the music

997
01:02:03.360 --> 01:02:07.920
<v Speaker 3>and the videography. The shots that they have are really

998
01:02:08.079 --> 01:02:12.039
<v Speaker 3>amazing because again, this is not just color but technic color,

999
01:02:12.239 --> 01:02:14.000
<v Speaker 3>and it was really transformational.

1000
01:02:14.400 --> 01:02:18.119
<v Speaker 2>Is that kind of an added cinematic touch that they

1001
01:02:18.199 --> 01:02:21.559
<v Speaker 2>decided like, let's take some artistic liberty, since we've got color,

1002
01:02:21.639 --> 01:02:25.880
<v Speaker 2>and since we've got you know, really great optics here,

1003
01:02:26.000 --> 01:02:28.840
<v Speaker 2>Like let's add some eyes, let's add some fangs, Let's

1004
01:02:28.880 --> 01:02:31.639
<v Speaker 2>put someone in a tuxedo because it just looks nice.

1005
01:02:31.800 --> 01:02:34.119
<v Speaker 2>I know bel Agosi was in kind of a tuxedo.

1006
01:02:34.239 --> 01:02:37.039
<v Speaker 2>But at some point did they decide like, let's just

1007
01:02:37.159 --> 01:02:38.159
<v Speaker 2>up its game a little bit.

1008
01:02:38.480 --> 01:02:42.880
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, we always talk about arms escalation in vampires. Bell

1009
01:02:43.000 --> 01:02:46.239
<v Speaker 3>Agosi is not really very threatening. Again, he's got that

1010
01:02:46.360 --> 01:02:49.679
<v Speaker 3>hypnosis thing, and that's that's scary to not have control

1011
01:02:49.760 --> 01:02:52.639
<v Speaker 3>over your body, to have somebody else controlling you. That

1012
01:02:52.920 --> 01:02:58.119
<v Speaker 3>is very much in the novel Dracula, Right, So Dracula

1013
01:02:58.199 --> 01:03:03.000
<v Speaker 3>has mind control over the women he's turning into vampires.

1014
01:03:03.239 --> 01:03:07.079
<v Speaker 3>That's the emergence of modern psychology and that fear of

1015
01:03:07.679 --> 01:03:12.199
<v Speaker 3>being mesmerized, being hypnotized, brainwashing and all these kinds of

1016
01:03:12.239 --> 01:03:15.559
<v Speaker 3>things that we can hack other people's heads. And that's

1017
01:03:15.719 --> 01:03:21.280
<v Speaker 3>just scary, and then you know he's then stronger and

1018
01:03:21.360 --> 01:03:24.239
<v Speaker 3>he runs, you know, Christopher Lee runs faster, and he's

1019
01:03:24.320 --> 01:03:28.599
<v Speaker 3>physically stronger. He can throw people around like Dracula, like

1020
01:03:28.639 --> 01:03:32.840
<v Speaker 3>bell Legosi never could for me. And our vampires just

1021
01:03:33.039 --> 01:03:37.639
<v Speaker 3>keep getting stronger and stronger and stronger through time to

1022
01:03:37.760 --> 01:03:41.800
<v Speaker 3>the point where it has now gotten pretty ridiculous as

1023
01:03:41.840 --> 01:03:44.159
<v Speaker 3>to what vampires can do.

1024
01:03:44.760 --> 01:03:45.960
<v Speaker 2>But we are.

1025
01:03:46.119 --> 01:03:50.079
<v Speaker 3>Our theme for the course is every age creates the

1026
01:03:50.199 --> 01:03:55.559
<v Speaker 3>vampire that it needs. It's a quote by Nina Auerbach.

1027
01:03:55.639 --> 01:03:59.119
<v Speaker 2>Just a quick aside. Nina Auerbach is the late University

1028
01:03:59.159 --> 01:04:03.760
<v Speaker 2>of Pennsylvania professor who taught courses on Victorian literature and

1029
01:04:03.920 --> 01:04:07.960
<v Speaker 2>horror and film and culture history, and wrote the nineteen

1030
01:04:08.039 --> 01:04:11.000
<v Speaker 2>ninety five classic Our Vampires Ourselves.

1031
01:04:11.639 --> 01:04:15.920
<v Speaker 3>Every age creates the vampire that it needs. That time period,

1032
01:04:16.039 --> 01:04:19.840
<v Speaker 3>those people in that place, under these conditions, with this

1033
01:04:20.000 --> 01:04:25.239
<v Speaker 3>background in belief systems or religions or living conditions and things,

1034
01:04:25.719 --> 01:04:29.119
<v Speaker 3>creates the vampire. And these are all the features that

1035
01:04:29.239 --> 01:04:34.079
<v Speaker 3>the vampire has, from its name, to its origin story,

1036
01:04:34.280 --> 01:04:40.119
<v Speaker 3>to its attributes, to its activity patterns, the things that

1037
01:04:40.199 --> 01:04:44.039
<v Speaker 3>it does, to how you can keep it away from you,

1038
01:04:44.559 --> 01:04:47.039
<v Speaker 3>and then how you can destroy it if you need to.

1039
01:04:47.760 --> 01:04:52.599
<v Speaker 3>And all of those things develop and intensify over time,

1040
01:04:53.000 --> 01:04:56.400
<v Speaker 3>and then finally, every age creates the vampire that it needs,

1041
01:04:56.559 --> 01:04:59.719
<v Speaker 3>and that's that function that we talked about with the

1042
01:05:00.000 --> 01:05:04.079
<v Speaker 3>folkloric vampire. The folkloric vampire has a psychological function of

1043
01:05:04.480 --> 01:05:12.480
<v Speaker 3>explaining unexplainable biological natural things and has the sociological functions

1044
01:05:12.519 --> 01:05:16.280
<v Speaker 3>of social control of keeping people from doing things which

1045
01:05:16.800 --> 01:05:21.239
<v Speaker 3>harm our social order, and all of that stuff is

1046
01:05:21.320 --> 01:05:24.840
<v Speaker 3>still needed. We're still wondering why people, you know, people

1047
01:05:25.000 --> 01:05:28.400
<v Speaker 3>do bad things, why people kill, and why people steal,

1048
01:05:28.480 --> 01:05:31.840
<v Speaker 3>and why people have drinking problems, and why people are

1049
01:05:32.440 --> 01:05:35.519
<v Speaker 3>greedy and gluttonous and all the other deadly sins that

1050
01:05:35.599 --> 01:05:38.000
<v Speaker 3>we have out there. We're still, you know, trying to

1051
01:05:38.119 --> 01:05:42.639
<v Speaker 3>understand genetically why people are the way they are, and

1052
01:05:42.719 --> 01:05:45.440
<v Speaker 3>then we're still looking for ways to keep people under

1053
01:05:45.480 --> 01:05:49.599
<v Speaker 3>control from doing bad things. And in looking at our vampires,

1054
01:05:50.000 --> 01:05:54.280
<v Speaker 3>it will tell us about the time that created that vampire,

1055
01:05:54.559 --> 01:05:58.360
<v Speaker 3>and that word needs is that function of the vampire.

1056
01:05:58.679 --> 01:06:01.639
<v Speaker 3>And so when you have a a vampire type that's

1057
01:06:01.800 --> 01:06:06.679
<v Speaker 3>very popular, that then tells you about that age, about

1058
01:06:06.719 --> 01:06:09.840
<v Speaker 3>those people who need that vampire, who find it compelling.

1059
01:06:10.280 --> 01:06:13.039
<v Speaker 3>No longer do we need it to explain things that

1060
01:06:13.119 --> 01:06:17.719
<v Speaker 3>we don't have modern scientific explanations for. But now we

1061
01:06:17.920 --> 01:06:23.880
<v Speaker 3>have explanations that still are unresolved, and having a way

1062
01:06:23.920 --> 01:06:26.159
<v Speaker 3>of showing that that there are people out there that

1063
01:06:26.239 --> 01:06:29.559
<v Speaker 3>are like this, and that they're ways of destroying them

1064
01:06:29.800 --> 01:06:32.440
<v Speaker 3>or keeping them at bay, or things that we maybe

1065
01:06:32.519 --> 01:06:35.679
<v Speaker 3>could do to protect ourselves from them. And if we

1066
01:06:35.760 --> 01:06:38.400
<v Speaker 3>can't protect ourselves from them, because remember, they're getting stronger

1067
01:06:38.440 --> 01:06:41.559
<v Speaker 3>and stronger, then maybe at least we can spot the

1068
01:06:41.760 --> 01:06:44.480
<v Speaker 3>signs to be able to stay away from them.

1069
01:06:45.039 --> 01:06:47.679
<v Speaker 2>Unless they're hot and drink vegan blood. I don't know.

1070
01:06:47.760 --> 01:06:49.800
<v Speaker 2>We'll discuss it next week. Can I ask you some

1071
01:06:50.039 --> 01:06:50.880
<v Speaker 2>listener questions?

1072
01:06:51.639 --> 01:06:51.760
<v Speaker 3>Oh?

1073
01:06:51.880 --> 01:06:58.320
<v Speaker 2>Absolutely, they had great ones. So yes, we all have

1074
01:06:58.480 --> 01:07:01.480
<v Speaker 2>a new favorite vampire expert. Jeff is the best. He

1075
01:07:01.559 --> 01:07:03.519
<v Speaker 2>will be back next week with all of your questions.

1076
01:07:03.599 --> 01:07:08.159
<v Speaker 2>We will discuss so many modern vampires, vampires of late,

1077
01:07:08.440 --> 01:07:12.559
<v Speaker 2>how vampires have changed their backstories, so much else. Questions

1078
01:07:12.559 --> 01:07:16.039
<v Speaker 2>about Garlic come back next week and you'll get that. Meanwhile,

1079
01:07:16.199 --> 01:07:18.480
<v Speaker 2>you can follow him. We'll put links to find him

1080
01:07:18.639 --> 01:07:22.000
<v Speaker 2>in the show notes along with links to myloma dot org.

1081
01:07:22.320 --> 01:07:25.000
<v Speaker 2>You can find us at ali ward dot com slash

1082
01:07:25.119 --> 01:07:29.400
<v Speaker 2>Ologies slash Vampirology. There'll be more about this episode there.

1083
01:07:30.159 --> 01:07:32.800
<v Speaker 2>We are at ologies on Twitter and Instagram. I'm at

1084
01:07:32.920 --> 01:07:35.599
<v Speaker 2>ali Ward with one L on both. You can support

1085
01:07:35.639 --> 01:07:37.480
<v Speaker 2>the show and you can submit questions for the next

1086
01:07:37.559 --> 01:07:41.320
<v Speaker 2>guests at patreon dot com slash ologies for as little

1087
01:07:41.360 --> 01:07:43.840
<v Speaker 2>as twenty five cents an episode. You can get merch

1088
01:07:43.960 --> 01:07:48.079
<v Speaker 2>at ologies merch dot com. Thank you so much Susan

1089
01:07:48.159 --> 01:07:50.519
<v Speaker 2>Hale for managing all of that and doing so much else.

1090
01:07:51.039 --> 01:07:56.320
<v Speaker 2>Noel Dilworth handles all of our scheduling. Aaron Talbert admin's

1091
01:07:56.360 --> 01:07:59.719
<v Speaker 2>Theologies podcast Facebook group with assists from Bonnie Dutch and

1092
01:07:59.760 --> 01:08:02.880
<v Speaker 2>Sham and Feltis, Emily White of the word remakes our

1093
01:08:02.920 --> 01:08:07.840
<v Speaker 2>professional transcripts, and Caleb Patton bleeps them. We have Smologies episodes.

1094
01:08:08.039 --> 01:08:10.840
<v Speaker 2>We just released a new one about entomology bugs this week,

1095
01:08:11.320 --> 01:08:15.280
<v Speaker 2>and those are kid friendly and short versions their classroom safe,

1096
01:08:15.440 --> 01:08:18.239
<v Speaker 2>bare bones. They're there for you in the feed. You

1097
01:08:18.279 --> 01:08:21.479
<v Speaker 2>can also find them at alleyboard dot com slash smologies.

1098
01:08:21.840 --> 01:08:26.079
<v Speaker 2>Thank you Mercedes Maitland and Zeke Rodriguez Thomas of mind

1099
01:08:26.119 --> 01:08:29.800
<v Speaker 2>Jam Media for putting those together. Our website gets updated

1100
01:08:29.800 --> 01:08:33.359
<v Speaker 2>by Kellyardwire, she can make you a website. Nick Thorburn

1101
01:08:33.680 --> 01:08:36.640
<v Speaker 2>made the theme music and lead editor and Forever Crush

1102
01:08:36.920 --> 01:08:39.359
<v Speaker 2>Jarrett Sleeper of Mind Jam Media edits the's and puts

1103
01:08:39.399 --> 01:08:41.520
<v Speaker 2>them all together. And at the very end of the episode,

1104
01:08:41.520 --> 01:08:43.399
<v Speaker 2>I tell you a secret. And right now my secret

1105
01:08:43.520 --> 01:08:48.840
<v Speaker 2>is very, very practical. I was shooting for Innovation Nation

1106
01:08:48.960 --> 01:08:52.279
<v Speaker 2>for CBS Today in Dearborn and I'm catching a nine

1107
01:08:52.279 --> 01:08:56.359
<v Speaker 2>to fifteen flight out of Detroit and it is eight fifteen.

1108
01:08:56.399 --> 01:08:57.840
<v Speaker 2>I'm in a parking lot at the airport.

1109
01:08:57.920 --> 01:08:58.720
<v Speaker 3>I have to be so.

1110
01:09:00.880 --> 01:09:03.279
<v Speaker 2>And I've got to go return this rental car and

1111
01:09:03.359 --> 01:09:06.159
<v Speaker 2>then I have to catch this flight and I am sweating.

1112
01:09:06.279 --> 01:09:08.560
<v Speaker 2>In case you're wondering, but this episode is so good.

1113
01:09:09.159 --> 01:09:12.680
<v Speaker 2>I'm really excited for next week too. Oh so good. Okay,

1114
01:09:15.399 --> 01:09:19.479
<v Speaker 2>hot miss. Will my life ever be normal? Will I

1115
01:09:19.560 --> 01:09:22.600
<v Speaker 2>ever be normal? Probably not? But stay tuned. Okay, bye bye.

1116
01:09:43.600 --> 01:09:46.479
<v Speaker 2>These people are our food, not our allies.