WEBVTT

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<v Speaker 1>Your flat out and your to do list is grown

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<v Speaker 1>by the minute, but unfortunately so is your headache. And

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<v Speaker 1>now you've gone from flat out to flattened. Luckily, Panadal

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<v Speaker 1>Pana doll speed based on absorption data contains paracetamol. Always

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<v Speaker 1>read the label.

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<v Speaker 2>Or leaflet get value.

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<v Speaker 3>Can't argue with that shop in store or online.

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<v Speaker 2>Tesco.

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<v Speaker 3>Every little helps available the most stores, prices very in express.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh hey, it's your neighbor's dad practicing golf on the

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<v Speaker 2>lawn alley. Ward, it's also the lady who's going to

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<v Speaker 2>be on The Tonight Show on Wednesday, May fourteenth. Correct

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<v Speaker 2>your podfather, your internet dad me. I'm taping the Tonight

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<v Speaker 2>Show the very day this episode comes out. And if

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<v Speaker 2>you're here because you saw that, welcome, I'm made a

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<v Speaker 2>spider episode for you. Sometimes on this show we talk

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<v Speaker 2>about bears or psychology, or porcupines or rocks, but today

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<v Speaker 2>it's spiders. So thank you everyone for all of the support.

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<v Speaker 2>Going into this taping tomorrow, I'm excited and my hands

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<v Speaker 2>are sweaty. So first off, I'm going to say, I

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<v Speaker 2>know some of you are very afraid of spiders, and

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<v Speaker 2>we are gathered here today to change that. Okay, we

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<v Speaker 2>can do this. Many psychologists assert that the best cure

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<v Speaker 2>for apprehension and phobias is what's called exposure response prevention.

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<v Speaker 2>So you have to fight fear with knowledge and proximity.

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<v Speaker 2>It works. Listening to this. If you're afraid of spiders

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<v Speaker 2>will make you a stronger person, and it'll make your

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<v Speaker 2>life easier. You got it. And if you're not afraid,

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<v Speaker 2>it's just a great way to fill yourself with facts

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<v Speaker 2>about our tiny little iracanid friends. And side note, this

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<v Speaker 2>episode does not called it rachnology because there are different

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<v Speaker 2>types of iracanids that are not spiders, but the scientific

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<v Speaker 2>distinction for spiders comes from the Greek root erinea, so

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<v Speaker 2>hence raniology. And we have a great one for you.

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<v Speaker 2>He is a professor and researcher at San Diego State

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<v Speaker 2>University and so passionate about spiders. Such a friend to spiders. Also,

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<v Speaker 2>his vibes are like Ron Swanson. He's cool, not a yapper,

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<v Speaker 2>but brimming with love and respect for these maligned and

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<v Speaker 2>fascinating creatures. He's calm, he's collected. He's going to take

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<v Speaker 2>us on a journey. I personally I love spiders and

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<v Speaker 2>I fear them not. But I am holding your hands

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<v Speaker 2>if you do, because it turns out you were brainwashed.

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<v Speaker 2>That's why you're afraid. So I hope you're not. If

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<v Speaker 2>you're listening, I hope you're cool with them. You will

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<v Speaker 2>be in a minute. But first off, there are thirty

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<v Speaker 2>eight thousand known spider species in the world, and about

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<v Speaker 2>one hundred species have venom that's detrimental to humans. So

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<v Speaker 2>that is zero points zero zero two five. So let's

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<v Speaker 2>start there and continue. Okay, but first, thank you so

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<v Speaker 2>much to all the patrons at patreon dot com slash

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<v Speaker 2>ologies for supporting the show for as little as a

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<v Speaker 2>dollar a month and sending in your questions. Thank you

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<v Speaker 2>to everyone wearing ologiesmerch fromologiesmerch dot com, and thank you

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<v Speaker 2>to everyone who leaves a review because they really help

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<v Speaker 2>the show so much and I read them all and

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<v Speaker 2>I prove it to you. So thank you Lady ellentia

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<v Speaker 2>o four, who wrote a review this week that said,

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<v Speaker 2>I've been able to cut my doom scrolling to almost

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<v Speaker 2>nothing because Ologies always keeps me on the edge of

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<v Speaker 2>my seat. Thank you, thank thank you for making this

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<v Speaker 2>space possible. Lady ellent o oh four, Glad you're here,

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<v Speaker 2>happy to do it. I hope you like spiders or

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<v Speaker 2>I hope you fear them because this episode will cure

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<v Speaker 2>a rachtophobia maybe, and if not, you get your money

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<v Speaker 2>back on this free podcast. Speaking of free podcasts, also

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<v Speaker 2>we have shorter g rated versions of our episodes and

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<v Speaker 2>their own feed. Wherever you get podcasts, you can abscribed

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<v Speaker 2>to that. That show is called Smologies. It's also linked

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<v Speaker 2>in the show notes. We made them for delicate years,

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<v Speaker 2>so now, let's get into it ready. I headed to

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<v Speaker 2>San Diego State University to interview this expert who had

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<v Speaker 2>been on my list for years. And it was hot,

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<v Speaker 2>like one hundred degrees, and for some reason, I think

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<v Speaker 2>I was wearing a sweater I can't remember. Parking was

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<v Speaker 2>incredibly confusing, and it was not going well. I'm going

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<v Speaker 2>to set the seed. I'm nearly twenty minutes late to

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<v Speaker 2>this interview. Nightmare. Some of you are very afraid of spiders.

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<v Speaker 2>This is my actual nightmare. It's one hundred degrees two

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<v Speaker 2>twenty four Life Sciences South, so sweaty, and because it's

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<v Speaker 2>one million degrees and I did not want to die,

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<v Speaker 2>I drank like a gallon and a half of water in.

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<v Speaker 3>The way here.

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<v Speaker 2>It was a two hour drive. So here, I am

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<v Speaker 2>not believe how that I have to be. My neck

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<v Speaker 2>feels and smells like a t rex has been licking it. Oh,

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<v Speaker 2>excuse me, excuse me. Do you know where Life Science

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<v Speaker 2>South is? Oh? Do you know where the Life Science

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<v Speaker 2>building is? South? O? Life Science is South? I believe

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<v Speaker 2>it's down there, down there. Yes, I'm not a hundred though, Okay,

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<v Speaker 2>I'm honing in. I'm getting closer at this point, despite

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<v Speaker 2>arriving on campus early, I'm one hour late to his office.

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<v Speaker 2>It's a nightmare.

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<v Speaker 4>I'm looking for Marshall.

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<v Speaker 2>He's a science a spider guy. He's in life science.

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<v Speaker 2>Is South two sixty four?

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<v Speaker 5>Yeah, yeah, okay, thank.

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<v Speaker 2>You so much for the escort.

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<v Speaker 5>Happends all the time.

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<v Speaker 2>Ah, you're an angel. Thank you so much, Marshall. My dad,

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<v Speaker 2>is this heaven?

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<v Speaker 5>A little red in the face.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's a hundred out there. There are people just

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<v Speaker 2>straight up in bikinis a hundred, if not a little

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<v Speaker 2>bit more. And I talked to Yeah, it's I'm disgusting,

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<v Speaker 2>but that's okay. So I'm so sorry. Can I use

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<v Speaker 2>the ladies who really quick? Okay, you're the best. He

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<v Speaker 2>was so forgiving and very humble and shy and subdued.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't think he had ever heard of ologies or

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<v Speaker 2>realized what he was getting into. Much like a spider

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<v Speaker 2>that you see in your shower, who's like, I'm okay,

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<v Speaker 2>what are you? But relax, chill out, enjoy such dazzling

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<v Speaker 2>information such as what is a true spider versus not

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<v Speaker 2>a true spider? Which are the most advanced spiders, what's

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<v Speaker 2>a spider's vision? Like, which movies get it really really wrong,

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<v Speaker 2>the rarest ones, the tiniest ones, What fieldwork is like

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<v Speaker 2>how learning about these critters is the key to loving them.

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<v Speaker 2>Hidden phone features, mating habits, the oldest Spider, and so

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<v Speaker 2>much more so. Let's hand the mic to professor, researcher,

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<v Speaker 2>spider defender and a raaniologist, Doctor Marshall Hadeen. Can you

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<v Speaker 2>pretend like you're doing karaoke? Just like pretend you're either

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<v Speaker 2>Seinfeld or karaoke Celine Dionne, one of the.

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<v Speaker 5>Two Marshall Hadeen, him Headeen, Hedeen.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay. A lot of people call you Hedden probably, yes, yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>you get that a lot. I'm glad you said it

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<v Speaker 2>because I Hedeen Headen. Okay, perfect? And now do people

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<v Speaker 2>call you doctor Spider ever?

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<v Speaker 5>Rarely?

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<v Speaker 2>Really? Yeah, that's a missed opportunity to be Can I

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<v Speaker 2>call you doctor Spider?

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<v Speaker 5>You can call me doctor Spider? Yeah?

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<v Speaker 2>And you are an a racknologist. I am right, big time,

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<v Speaker 2>big time. What how do you classify just a normal

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<v Speaker 2>arachnologist and a big time one based on the level

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<v Speaker 2>of passion?

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<v Speaker 5>Yes? And I work on different groups of iraknids. If

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<v Speaker 5>you just work on spiders. I mean you're kind of

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<v Speaker 5>sort of an a rachnologist, But if you work on

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<v Speaker 5>spiders and other aracnids, then yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>Now, when you are tasked with defining a spider in

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<v Speaker 2>very technical terms, what do.

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<v Speaker 5>You mean defining a spider like defining a new species?

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<v Speaker 2>No, just literally, what is a spider as opposed to

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<v Speaker 2>another iraknet?

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<v Speaker 5>Spiders have in their fangs, they have venom glands m H.

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<v Speaker 5>And spiders produce silk from their abdomen. That sets spiders

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<v Speaker 5>apart from other.

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<v Speaker 2>Arachnids venom glands and silk.

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<v Speaker 5>That actually makes them the ultimate predator. Venom and silk.

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<v Speaker 2>And let's say that you're talking about daddy long legs.

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<v Speaker 5>Yep.

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<v Speaker 2>Does it irritate you when people call them spiders?

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<v Speaker 5>No? I mean.

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<v Speaker 2>So the daddy long legs that you're used to seeing,

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<v Speaker 2>those may not even be spiders. There are these creatures

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<v Speaker 2>called opilionies, and we are going to exonerate them in

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<v Speaker 2>a moment.

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<v Speaker 5>No, I don't get too upset about it. Okay, so

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<v Speaker 5>there are daddy long legs spiders, okay, which are sellar

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<v Speaker 5>spiders which people find in their cellars. But those are

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<v Speaker 5>spiders and then there are if you go to the

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<v Speaker 5>east coast, you see a little a racknet with a

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<v Speaker 5>little round body and long legs, and people call those

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<v Speaker 5>daddy long legs. Those are apilliones, not spiders.

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<v Speaker 2>And apilliones don't have venomous glands.

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<v Speaker 5>Or so, that's correct.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and their body segments just one ball of a body.

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<v Speaker 5>That's right. They don't have two part body plan. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 5>But there's another myth because some people think that opilionies

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<v Speaker 5>what they call daddy long legs, are actually highly venomous.

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<v Speaker 5>But that's not true.

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<v Speaker 2>So those slenderman friends that hang out in your shower

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<v Speaker 2>sometimes they're not even spiders and not venomous. So that

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<v Speaker 2>myth that the these non spider daddy long legs are dangerous,

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<v Speaker 2>but they just don't have fangs. The total horsepucky, garbage stalk,

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<v Speaker 2>and even the seller spiders not a threat to your life.

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<v Speaker 5>Well, they don't have venom glands for one thing. But

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<v Speaker 5>even if it was a daddy long legs spider, it's

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<v Speaker 5>not really dangerous either. So myth number one, crushed.

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<v Speaker 2>Flim flambusted spiders technically aren't insects either, or are they insects?

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<v Speaker 2>Not even close not even close to insects. So when

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<v Speaker 2>people say I hate insects like spiders.

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<v Speaker 5>Why would you ever say that?

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<v Speaker 2>But well, I tell me about it. One thing you

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<v Speaker 2>should know about me right off the bat is I

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<v Speaker 2>love bugs. Okay, love bugs.

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<v Speaker 5>This is good.

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<v Speaker 2>I bug collection. My One of my favorite things to

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<v Speaker 2>do before the Internet when I was a kid was

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<v Speaker 2>just pour through field guides of insects. Awesome, I draw them.

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<v Speaker 2>If I see a spider, I will let a crawl

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<v Speaker 2>on me and then rehome it outside. I'm thrill. I

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<v Speaker 2>saw tarantula in the wild last year and it was

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<v Speaker 2>I almost started crying whereabouts. It was in the Santa

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<v Speaker 2>Monica Mountains and I'd never seen one in the wild before.

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<v Speaker 2>Here's some actual audio from this encounter, and it's mortifying

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<v Speaker 2>amounts of glee. That is beautiful. We have trapdoor spiders

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<v Speaker 2>in our backyard.

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<v Speaker 5>Sweet. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>So I'm the opposite of a person that's like kill

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<v Speaker 2>it with fire. That's why I've been so excited about

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<v Speaker 2>this for so long. Thank god that we established that,

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<v Speaker 2>because you can tell this good man is used to haters.

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<v Speaker 2>What about you? When did you start getting interested in

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<v Speaker 2>bugs as a general category.

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<v Speaker 5>When I was a grad student.

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<v Speaker 2>Really not until then, you weren't out looking for bugs

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<v Speaker 2>and new your kid.

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<v Speaker 5>No, I was outside a lot when I was a kid,

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<v Speaker 5>but a lot, But I was interested in mammals mostly.

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<v Speaker 2>Really we were turned out into a field and told

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<v Speaker 2>to come back when it got dark.

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<v Speaker 5>Yeah that was me too.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, just like see you later when you smell rice

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<v Speaker 2>a RONI come back.

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<v Speaker 5>That's right, different times, yeah, exactly. Although you can still

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<v Speaker 5>do that up and are Northern California turn loose?

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<v Speaker 2>It's good for the microbiome. Get a tetnis shot, best

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<v Speaker 2>of luck.

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<v Speaker 5>I like it.

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<v Speaker 2>So why mammals when you were growing up in Mount Shasta?

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<v Speaker 5>That was just kind of the culture I grew up with,

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<v Speaker 5>you know, hunters around, hunters and stuff, So that's kind

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<v Speaker 5>of what we did.

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<v Speaker 2>What were you studying grad school?

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<v Speaker 5>When I was a master student, I actually studied mammals mice.

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<v Speaker 5>But then when I did my PhD, I made the transition.

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<v Speaker 2>What was it? What flipped that switch?

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<v Speaker 5>I was kind of floundering around, but I was interested

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<v Speaker 5>in like questions, evolutionary biology questions, and then I got

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<v Speaker 5>I just got interested and kind of floated around and

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<v Speaker 5>founder rachnids and then yeah, went from there.

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<v Speaker 2>Was it something about their mystique or their web spinning

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<v Speaker 2>or no.

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<v Speaker 5>Initially it was just because they were very poorly known,

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<v Speaker 5>and I thought there was a lot to learn.

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<v Speaker 2>How many species do we know of spiders?

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<v Speaker 5>Yeah? Fifty thousand, fifty thousand described that's so many. Well,

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<v Speaker 5>there's probably twice as many as that, actually, one hundred

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<v Speaker 5>k one hundred one thousand spider species.

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<v Speaker 2>She's a spider. Yeah. Did you ever have the phobia

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<v Speaker 2>of spiders?

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<v Speaker 5>No?

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<v Speaker 2>No, you probably run into people with it a lot, right,

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<v Speaker 2>or people if they find out what you do, they probably.

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<v Speaker 5>I've heard that. I've heard about that.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I've heard that.

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<v Speaker 5>There's a thing. I think one of your Venezuelan spiders

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<v Speaker 5>hitched a ride here.

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<v Speaker 2>There may be some spiders around here that are very dangerous.

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<v Speaker 2>Do you blame a lot of it on arachnophobia? The film?

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<v Speaker 5>Uh? I mean I think that film's kind of so

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<v Speaker 5>old that people don't watch that anymore.

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<v Speaker 2>That's good.

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<v Speaker 5>I think it's just yeah, something about the culture. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 5>that's what parents learned. Then they teach their kids the

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<v Speaker 5>same kind of fear.

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<v Speaker 2>I talked to you or her patologists said the same thing.

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<v Speaker 2>About snakes. Yeah, it's just conditioned. See that herpetology episode

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<v Speaker 2>with doctor David Stein about reptiles and how children don't

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<v Speaker 2>start to fear them until they see their elders spooked.

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<v Speaker 2>Even the Mayo Clinic is like, if a family member

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<v Speaker 2>has a specific phobia or anxiety, you're more likely to

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<v Speaker 2>develop it too, because children may learn specific phobias by

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<v Speaker 2>watching how a family member reacts to an object or situation.

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<v Speaker 2>That's straight from the Mayo Clinic. And we're more on

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<v Speaker 2>how fear works in your body and how you have

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<v Speaker 2>what I like to call a screaming almond of terror

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<v Speaker 2>nestled at the center of your brain. We have an

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<v Speaker 2>amazing two part furrology episode with doctor Mary Poffenroth, who

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<v Speaker 2>also has a new book out called Brave New You.

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<v Speaker 2>She's great, But the message here you're scared of spiders

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<v Speaker 2>because probably someone else was in your life. Let's crunch

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<v Speaker 2>the numbers on the actual danger. How many of those

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<v Speaker 2>fifty thousand known species are a danger to humans?

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<v Speaker 5>About fifty five oh fifty out of fifty thousand, pretty

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<v Speaker 5>small percentage.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, human beings are probably much more dangerous to that's right.

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<v Speaker 5>I always talk about this in my class. It can

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<v Speaker 5>show a slide of animals that kill people.

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<v Speaker 2>Mm hmm.

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<v Speaker 5>And spiders aren't on the list, right, Yeah, they don't

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<v Speaker 5>kill people essentially effectively, so they're not on the top

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<v Speaker 5>fifty list.

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<v Speaker 2>So it's like mosquitoes people. From what I understand, like,

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<v Speaker 2>there's mosquitos and then people.

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<v Speaker 5>And then a bunch of actually dangerous animals like dogs

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<v Speaker 5>or whatever.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, right, and here I have one in my

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<v Speaker 2>bed every night, that's right. But if some people see

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<v Speaker 2>a spider outside the right, so yes, I have a

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<v Speaker 2>killer in my bed every night, and her name is Gremlin. Statistically,

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<v Speaker 2>dogs kill twenty five thousand humans a year globally, ranking

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<v Speaker 2>number four on the list of dangerous animals. And you

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<v Speaker 2>can see our recent hippo episode for some debunking in

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<v Speaker 2>that department. But I still love my dog. I'm not

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<v Speaker 2>scared of her. You want to know the top animal killer,

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<v Speaker 2>of course, once again, not spiders. It's mosquitoes. Because of

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<v Speaker 2>their vector born they're responsible for roughly a million human

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<v Speaker 2>deaths annually, and they're not spiders. There are over two

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<v Speaker 2>hundred million mosquito spread cases of malaria a year and

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<v Speaker 2>it's on the rise, and most deaths occur in little

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<v Speaker 2>kiddos under the age of five. Mosquitoes kill more people

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<v Speaker 2>on Earth in one day than sharks have in the

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<v Speaker 2>last century. Spiders are like, leave me out of this people.

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<v Speaker 2>And to be fair, I will say it's not the

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<v Speaker 2>mosquito's fault that they are just lousy with parasites who

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<v Speaker 2>use them for a ride. But the number two animal

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<v Speaker 2>cause death mosquito's number one, dog's number four, snake's number

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<v Speaker 2>three coming in it over a half a million human

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<v Speaker 2>fatalities per year is a species of ape Homo sapiens,

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<v Speaker 2>which means that I have one of those in my

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<v Speaker 2>bed too. So if a mosquito bites me while I'm

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<v Speaker 2>sleeping in my home, I am in bed with three

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<v Speaker 2>potential killers, and none of them are spiders. So in

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<v Speaker 2>terms of what animal could take your ass out, it's

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<v Speaker 2>a mosquito, or a warlord, or a drunk driver, or

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<v Speaker 2>maybe a person who was sold firearms when they don't

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<v Speaker 2>know how to handle them. But it's not going to

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<v Speaker 2>be a spider most likely. So you are needlessly afraid

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<v Speaker 2>of spiders, I get it. The receptionist at my dentist

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<v Speaker 2>office this week told me that she is so afraid

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<v Speaker 2>of spiders that she has broken two phones by throwing

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<v Speaker 2>them across the room when she saw a picture of

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<v Speaker 2>a spider on the phone on the screen. Not a

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<v Speaker 2>real spider, just a screen spider. So what can you do? First,

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<v Speaker 2>you can ask yourself if something happened with a spider

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<v Speaker 2>once that surprised you. One guy friend once told me

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<v Speaker 2>that he hates spiders, and I was like, did you

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<v Speaker 2>ever get surprised by one? And he was like, oh,

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<v Speaker 2>I guess I did have a tarantula crawl across my

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<v Speaker 2>hand in a desert when I was a kid, and

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<v Speaker 2>I was like, well, there you go. So try to

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<v Speaker 2>distinguish between the different emotions of fear and surprise. Also exposure.

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<v Speaker 2>I know you don't want to hear that, but it's true.

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<v Speaker 2>Look at photos first and then see if you can

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<v Speaker 2>hold one, or try to look at some spiders from

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<v Speaker 2>a distance outside. And what you're doing is rewiring your

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<v Speaker 2>brain to learn through exposure that they aren't scarier a threat,

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<v Speaker 2>And then you're teaching the people around you that they

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<v Speaker 2>don't have to fear them either. And unfortunately, whether it's

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<v Speaker 2>about writing an email or texting someone hot or getting

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<v Speaker 2>started on your novel or procrastinating on a work thing,

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<v Speaker 2>or even ordering food over the phone. The more you

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<v Speaker 2>avoid it, the more it scares and owns you. That

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<v Speaker 2>is from my therapist to your brain, and it includes spiders.

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<v Speaker 2>One person asked me if during this episode if I

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<v Speaker 2>could bleep the word spider, and I was like.

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<v Speaker 6>I don't.

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<v Speaker 2>I think that's not the problem hearing the word spider.

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<v Speaker 5>That's right, We're.

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<v Speaker 2>Gonna be saying it could get pretty annoying. Yeah, exposure

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<v Speaker 2>therapy is the way to goes. But what was your

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<v Speaker 2>graduate work in spiders? What part of a technology was that?

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<v Speaker 5>Well, it was pretty I went to grad school in Missouri,

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<v Speaker 5>but I did my work in the Southern Appalachians. Wow.

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<v Speaker 5>And I worked on spiders that like to live in caves.

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<v Speaker 5>Oh like the combination right.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. For more on caves, you can see our recent

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<v Speaker 2>Speleology episode about what it's like to spend weeks underground

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<v Speaker 2>sleeping in a hammock for science. Spider roommates are part

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<v Speaker 2>of the job.

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<v Speaker 5>You combine the cave, you combine with the spider. Not

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<v Speaker 5>all of them live in caves, but a lot of

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<v Speaker 5>them live in caves. A lot of them just live

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<v Speaker 5>up in the beautiful mountains of that area.

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<v Speaker 2>Is that a spider rich territory and generally Appalachia. Yeah, yeah, it.

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<v Speaker 5>Was really spectacular working there.

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<v Speaker 2>Does your work deal with field work or lab work

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<v Speaker 2>or kind of an equal combination both.

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<v Speaker 5>Yeah, in the field is the best.

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<v Speaker 2>People like us? Are you getting? Turn us out with

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<v Speaker 2>a bucket and a flashlight.

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<v Speaker 5>That's so awesome. Looks like a road trip, like a

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<v Speaker 5>three week road trip. I mean you're with people that

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<v Speaker 5>also love nature and are really interested in spiders. And

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<v Speaker 5>every day you're outside in beautiful places looking for things,

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<v Speaker 5>often finding new things, finding new species, lots of rich conversations.

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<v Speaker 5>It's it's the best.

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<v Speaker 2>What kinds of places has that taken you to?

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<v Speaker 5>Well? I mean in California, I've been everywhere. What is

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<v Speaker 5>that a song or something?

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<v Speaker 2>Everywhere?

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<v Speaker 5>Man?

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<v Speaker 7>Bang the ball to mors Aalbadora, Amarilla, Tocopilla, Barnbulla, and Vanilla.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm a gonna I've been everywhere.

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<v Speaker 5>Man, I've been everywhere literally in California, and a lot

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<v Speaker 5>in the Western United States, a lot in eastern United

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<v Speaker 5>States and southern Appalachia, South Africa, Australia, a few times,

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<v Speaker 5>Central America, South America.

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<v Speaker 2>Australia's got some spiders. I've seen pictures of Australian spiders

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<v Speaker 2>and they're like bread plate They're like a palm size,

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<v Speaker 2>right the huntsman's Oh, yes, but it's not just Australia

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<v Speaker 2>that has giants booters.

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<v Speaker 5>Oh, I had a giant crab spider that I just

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<v Speaker 5>found in Arizona. I should have brought it.

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<v Speaker 3>Then.

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<v Speaker 2>How big is a crab spider.

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<v Speaker 5>Well, that giant crab spider is pretty big. They have

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<v Speaker 5>long legs. They can kind of fill your palm or

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00:21:06.839 --> 00:21:09.279
<v Speaker 5>something like that. But they're in the same family as

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<v Speaker 5>the spiders you're talking about, sporacids.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, their legs are sort of set back a little bit, right. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>this giant crab spider, or Olios gigantius, is a huntsman

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<v Speaker 2>and its legs are more along a horizontal axis than

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<v Speaker 2>a circle, if you can imagine that. And Marshall, this

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<v Speaker 2>man knows his spiders. He's been at this professionally for decades,

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<v Speaker 2>discovering new species and cataloging them and then teaching the

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<v Speaker 2>next generation of what he considers stewards of the environment

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<v Speaker 2>and protectors of the species. He's traveled all kinds of terrain,

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<v Speaker 2>and he says to go spider watching, head to different habitats,

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<v Speaker 2>and our apaiology episode with Joseph Saunders is a really

422
00:21:48.079 --> 00:21:51.880
<v Speaker 2>great intro into macro photography even with your phone, and

423
00:21:51.960 --> 00:21:55.319
<v Speaker 2>how to get up close and patient looking for tiny

424
00:21:55.400 --> 00:21:58.640
<v Speaker 2>creatures with new eyes. So maybe start with some photography.

425
00:21:59.039 --> 00:22:01.759
<v Speaker 2>Can you tell me for an evolutionary perspective, what do

426
00:22:01.839 --> 00:22:04.240
<v Speaker 2>we know about the evolution of spiders and how they

427
00:22:04.240 --> 00:22:08.400
<v Speaker 2>branch off like that? And why do they call things

428
00:22:08.480 --> 00:22:11.400
<v Speaker 2>that are true spiders not true spiders? What's with that

429
00:22:11.519 --> 00:22:13.000
<v Speaker 2>taxonomy being a little.

430
00:22:13.240 --> 00:22:16.039
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, that name's kind of dumb, But we know a

431
00:22:16.039 --> 00:22:18.599
<v Speaker 5>lot about the spider tree of life. Our knowledge in

432
00:22:18.640 --> 00:22:21.720
<v Speaker 5>the last ten years has exploded. Tell me, I'm actually

433
00:22:21.720 --> 00:22:25.119
<v Speaker 5>part of that, but we're using like DNA evidence to

434
00:22:25.200 --> 00:22:28.799
<v Speaker 5>reconstruct the tree the phylogeny for spiders. My lab was

435
00:22:28.839 --> 00:22:31.519
<v Speaker 5>the first lab to kind of develop this technique where

436
00:22:31.519 --> 00:22:35.920
<v Speaker 5>we could pull the same genes from the spider genome

437
00:22:36.759 --> 00:22:40.160
<v Speaker 5>and compare it across species. So now that you can

438
00:22:40.200 --> 00:22:43.039
<v Speaker 5>do that, you can easily collect a lot of data

439
00:22:43.359 --> 00:22:45.079
<v Speaker 5>and reconstruct that phylogeny.

440
00:22:45.359 --> 00:22:47.200
<v Speaker 2>Marshall says that they used to have to request a

441
00:22:47.240 --> 00:22:51.079
<v Speaker 2>specie sample sent to look at its gennies under a

442
00:22:51.119 --> 00:22:55.000
<v Speaker 2>microscope and its mouth parts and stuff to determine who

443
00:22:55.480 --> 00:22:59.119
<v Speaker 2>it was, what was what species, and if it was

444
00:22:59.160 --> 00:23:02.720
<v Speaker 2>a novel five and where they fit in with spider evolution.

445
00:23:03.160 --> 00:23:06.279
<v Speaker 2>Can you give me kind of a broad strokes tree

446
00:23:06.319 --> 00:23:11.759
<v Speaker 2>of life overview, like when did spiders maybe emerge in history?

447
00:23:11.799 --> 00:23:14.640
<v Speaker 5>And like the common ancestor of spiders goes back to

448
00:23:14.920 --> 00:23:18.880
<v Speaker 5>maybe three hundred and fifty million years ago, so that's

449
00:23:18.920 --> 00:23:22.680
<v Speaker 5>in the Palaeozoic, that's before dinosaurs. But then of course

450
00:23:22.720 --> 00:23:25.200
<v Speaker 5>they've been evolving since then.

451
00:23:25.759 --> 00:23:29.640
<v Speaker 2>So when it comes to your war with spiders, spiders

452
00:23:29.640 --> 00:23:34.319
<v Speaker 2>were here first before you, before dinosaurs. Not to be

453
00:23:34.359 --> 00:23:36.680
<v Speaker 2>goth about it, but spiders are going to be here

454
00:23:36.839 --> 00:23:40.599
<v Speaker 2>after you, probably after us. As a species.

455
00:23:40.880 --> 00:23:44.720
<v Speaker 5>Spider evolutionary history is really old compared to a lot

456
00:23:44.720 --> 00:23:48.680
<v Speaker 5>of like mammals or birds. It's really really deep history.

457
00:23:48.720 --> 00:23:52.400
<v Speaker 5>It's like akin to all vertebrates combined, Like all animals

458
00:23:52.400 --> 00:23:56.640
<v Speaker 5>with a backbone maybe have an evolutionary age that is

459
00:23:56.680 --> 00:23:58.880
<v Speaker 5>about the same age as all spiders.

460
00:23:59.359 --> 00:24:04.759
<v Speaker 2>WHOA, yeah, WHOA, they're old. Did certain species of spiders

461
00:24:04.839 --> 00:24:07.480
<v Speaker 2>kind of remain unchanged? Do we have any that are

462
00:24:07.519 --> 00:24:09.720
<v Speaker 2>kind of the horseshoe crab all this spider world like

463
00:24:09.759 --> 00:24:13.160
<v Speaker 2>a living fossil. Yeah, yeah, we do in California. What

464
00:24:13.200 --> 00:24:17.039
<v Speaker 2>are those, Well, there's a genus called hypo kylas. Okay,

465
00:24:17.279 --> 00:24:20.680
<v Speaker 2>so hypo kylas have been around since before the dinosaurs,

466
00:24:20.720 --> 00:24:23.680
<v Speaker 2>and there are what's called an eranomorph or a true spider,

467
00:24:23.920 --> 00:24:27.880
<v Speaker 2>and eranomorphs or true spiders are most of the spiders

468
00:24:27.880 --> 00:24:30.000
<v Speaker 2>in the world, about ninety percent of what you might

469
00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.440
<v Speaker 2>see now. Arenomorphs have fangs that point kind of diagonally

470
00:24:34.480 --> 00:24:37.559
<v Speaker 2>over each other, like having a crossbite, and they include

471
00:24:37.559 --> 00:24:40.559
<v Speaker 2>critters like jumping spiders and wolf spiders and little house

472
00:24:40.599 --> 00:24:45.000
<v Speaker 2>spiders making cute cobwebs in your corner, the big huntsman's,

473
00:24:45.359 --> 00:24:48.400
<v Speaker 2>the little pink and white crab spiders that hide the flowers,

474
00:24:48.640 --> 00:24:52.279
<v Speaker 2>and those orb weavers that make those gorgeous classic spider webs.

475
00:24:52.319 --> 00:24:54.839
<v Speaker 2>But another type of spider is what's called a meglomorph,

476
00:24:55.000 --> 00:25:00.319
<v Speaker 2>which means shrew shaped, and meglomorphs are typically burrowed spelling,

477
00:25:00.640 --> 00:25:03.359
<v Speaker 2>so they hide little holes. And they include Tarantula's and

478
00:25:03.519 --> 00:25:06.839
<v Speaker 2>Australia's funnel web spiders, which we're going to get to later.

479
00:25:07.160 --> 00:25:10.880
<v Speaker 2>And instead of being crisscross miglamore fangs point straight down

480
00:25:11.079 --> 00:25:13.680
<v Speaker 2>like a little, tiny, cute little vampire. So yeah, true

481
00:25:13.720 --> 00:25:16.599
<v Speaker 2>spiders are just the eranio morphs. And then our little

482
00:25:16.640 --> 00:25:21.480
<v Speaker 2>trapdoor and tarantula friends don't count as true spiders. But

483
00:25:21.519 --> 00:25:25.680
<v Speaker 2>Marshall says that is a ridiculous taxonomy blunder. But yeah,

484
00:25:25.720 --> 00:25:29.599
<v Speaker 2>back to this living fossil hypocylas spider that Marshall loves.

485
00:25:29.839 --> 00:25:32.960
<v Speaker 5>But Hypocylas is kind of early on the branch of

486
00:25:33.000 --> 00:25:35.240
<v Speaker 5>true spiders right here, and.

487
00:25:35.160 --> 00:25:37.720
<v Speaker 2>They're still kicking, they're still running around.

488
00:25:37.759 --> 00:25:40.799
<v Speaker 5>They're so awesome. They're called lamp shade spiders. So they

489
00:25:40.799 --> 00:25:43.920
<v Speaker 5>build a web that looks like this flimsy, beautiful lamp shade,

490
00:25:44.640 --> 00:25:47.720
<v Speaker 5>and then they sit on the rock kind of behind

491
00:25:47.720 --> 00:25:52.079
<v Speaker 5>their lamp shade, and they have a morphology that's very cryptic.

492
00:25:52.119 --> 00:25:55.480
<v Speaker 5>They blend in with the rock, but their morphology hasn't

493
00:25:55.519 --> 00:25:59.319
<v Speaker 5>evolved really kind of it's morphological stasis.

494
00:25:59.400 --> 00:26:01.799
<v Speaker 2>What does that mean exactly?

495
00:26:01.880 --> 00:26:05.440
<v Speaker 5>They just have stayed there the entire time. So they're

496
00:26:05.480 --> 00:26:08.319
<v Speaker 5>spectacular spiders. That's kind of like when you see them,

497
00:26:08.400 --> 00:26:11.680
<v Speaker 5>you can envision that the lineage that they exist in

498
00:26:12.039 --> 00:26:14.720
<v Speaker 5>was there when the dinosaurs were there. They've just been

499
00:26:14.759 --> 00:26:19.359
<v Speaker 5>there the entire time, kind of in stasis, kind of persisting.

500
00:26:19.759 --> 00:26:22.960
<v Speaker 2>These little long linen babes build webs that are kind

501
00:26:22.960 --> 00:26:27.359
<v Speaker 2>of conical, and when the light catches them in dark spaces,

502
00:26:27.640 --> 00:26:30.279
<v Speaker 2>they take on this glow of a lamp shade. And

503
00:26:30.559 --> 00:26:34.240
<v Speaker 2>there's some of the more primitive newer species, and Marshall

504
00:26:34.680 --> 00:26:36.880
<v Speaker 2>loves them, I think it's safe to say. And I

505
00:26:37.039 --> 00:26:37.920
<v Speaker 2>love that the.

506
00:26:37.880 --> 00:26:42.759
<v Speaker 5>Beautiful story of evolutionary persistence. And for someone from California,

507
00:26:42.880 --> 00:26:45.119
<v Speaker 5>it's so cool because you can kind of go there

508
00:26:45.160 --> 00:26:47.960
<v Speaker 5>and see that very very special spider.

509
00:26:48.119 --> 00:26:49.000
<v Speaker 2>And this is exciting.

510
00:26:49.079 --> 00:26:52.000
<v Speaker 5>We actually described a new species of Hypocilis a couple

511
00:26:52.039 --> 00:26:55.000
<v Speaker 5>of years ago, really from the far southern Sierra Nevada,

512
00:26:55.039 --> 00:26:56.279
<v Speaker 5>from up near Kernville.

513
00:26:56.480 --> 00:26:57.759
<v Speaker 2>Did you get to name it?

514
00:26:57.920 --> 00:26:58.400
<v Speaker 5>Yeah?

515
00:26:58.440 --> 00:26:59.519
<v Speaker 2>Would you name it?

516
00:26:59.519 --> 00:27:03.799
<v Speaker 5>It's all the hypochilis Hamote, which is an indigenous name.

517
00:27:03.960 --> 00:27:05.599
<v Speaker 2>Oh that's great. Yeah, what does it mean?

518
00:27:05.759 --> 00:27:08.200
<v Speaker 5>Amote? It means from the south.

519
00:27:08.599 --> 00:27:11.880
<v Speaker 2>Oh, that's beautiful. And according to a newspaper article titled

520
00:27:12.079 --> 00:27:15.839
<v Speaker 2>his spidy sense must have been tingling, stsu biologists discovers

521
00:27:15.880 --> 00:27:20.799
<v Speaker 2>new species. This newly discovered beauty is brown, orange and

522
00:27:20.920 --> 00:27:24.640
<v Speaker 2>black with these iridescent blue and green specs. And it's

523
00:27:24.720 --> 00:27:27.960
<v Speaker 2>little though, it's described as the size of a pencil eraser.

524
00:27:28.440 --> 00:27:30.519
<v Speaker 2>So if this genus is one of the older ones,

525
00:27:30.680 --> 00:27:33.720
<v Speaker 2>what are the newer models of spider? He says that

526
00:27:33.960 --> 00:27:37.920
<v Speaker 2>some jumping spiders with big eyes and sharp vision. They

527
00:27:37.960 --> 00:27:42.240
<v Speaker 2>do complicated dancing courtship. And yes, they have the ability

528
00:27:42.279 --> 00:27:46.039
<v Speaker 2>to bound nearly forty times of their body length, which

529
00:27:46.079 --> 00:27:49.799
<v Speaker 2>is the equivalent of you jumping over two hundred feet.

530
00:27:50.039 --> 00:27:53.000
<v Speaker 2>That's from one tip of a seven forty seven wing

531
00:27:53.599 --> 00:27:56.480
<v Speaker 2>to the tip of the other wing. Jumping spiders can

532
00:27:56.519 --> 00:27:58.880
<v Speaker 2>do the equivalent of that. But Marshall says not all

533
00:27:58.960 --> 00:28:02.839
<v Speaker 2>models of spider are from the same time. Some lingering

534
00:28:02.880 --> 00:28:05.119
<v Speaker 2>under your fridge or sitting on a flower could be

535
00:28:05.319 --> 00:28:08.759
<v Speaker 2>one hundred thousand years old, while others are one hundred

536
00:28:08.799 --> 00:28:12.119
<v Speaker 2>million years old. What about sizes? What's the biggest spider?

537
00:28:12.599 --> 00:28:14.920
<v Speaker 5>Biggest spiders like a big tarantula that you would find

538
00:28:14.960 --> 00:28:17.519
<v Speaker 5>in Brazil, a bird eating spider like the size of

539
00:28:17.519 --> 00:28:18.079
<v Speaker 5>a dinner.

540
00:28:17.920 --> 00:28:20.839
<v Speaker 2>Plate, and they really do eat birds, right, that's what

541
00:28:20.880 --> 00:28:23.519
<v Speaker 2>I hear. Was that named because someone's like that thing

542
00:28:23.519 --> 00:28:25.240
<v Speaker 2>could probably eat a bird or are they like, I

543
00:28:25.279 --> 00:28:25.960
<v Speaker 2>got another bird?

544
00:28:26.160 --> 00:28:28.319
<v Speaker 5>No, yeah, they found them eating birds.

545
00:28:28.440 --> 00:28:32.359
<v Speaker 1>Okay, oh my goodness, he eate a bird, Michael, he

546
00:28:32.599 --> 00:28:33.319
<v Speaker 1>ate a bird?

547
00:28:34.720 --> 00:28:36.200
<v Speaker 4>Hey eight a bird?

548
00:28:36.559 --> 00:28:39.839
<v Speaker 2>Well, then that's accurate. What about the range of spiders

549
00:28:39.880 --> 00:28:44.920
<v Speaker 2>across the globe? Does every continent? Does every latitude have them?

550
00:28:45.319 --> 00:28:49.319
<v Speaker 5>Except for Antarctica? But everything else there's spiders. There's some

551
00:28:49.359 --> 00:28:51.880
<v Speaker 5>spiders up in the Arctic. I mean, obviously as you

552
00:28:51.920 --> 00:28:54.240
<v Speaker 5>get further north, there's fewer of them, but they get

553
00:28:54.240 --> 00:28:55.000
<v Speaker 5>pretty far north.

554
00:28:55.519 --> 00:28:57.079
<v Speaker 2>How do they survive those temperatures?

555
00:28:57.559 --> 00:28:58.799
<v Speaker 5>Oh, that's interesting.

556
00:28:59.279 --> 00:28:59.880
<v Speaker 2>Let's have it.

557
00:29:00.240 --> 00:29:02.799
<v Speaker 5>Some of the species that live at either high elevations

558
00:29:02.880 --> 00:29:07.039
<v Speaker 5>or extreme latitudes must have anti freeze. Yeah, they're spiders

559
00:29:07.039 --> 00:29:08.200
<v Speaker 5>that are active on the snow.

560
00:29:08.680 --> 00:29:13.200
<v Speaker 2>Spider anti freeze. You ask the heavens, spider anti freeze. So,

561
00:29:13.240 --> 00:29:16.359
<v Speaker 2>according to the two thousand and four study anti freeze

562
00:29:16.359 --> 00:29:20.079
<v Speaker 2>proteins in Alaskan insects and spiders in the Journal of

563
00:29:20.279 --> 00:29:25.839
<v Speaker 2>Insect Physiology, these cold tolerant little critters have high concentrations

564
00:29:25.839 --> 00:29:28.799
<v Speaker 2>of a type of alcohol in their hemolymph or blood,

565
00:29:29.200 --> 00:29:33.200
<v Speaker 2>and proteins that lower the freezing point of water, but

566
00:29:33.279 --> 00:29:37.400
<v Speaker 2>the melting point stays the same, which is called thermal hysteresis.

567
00:29:37.440 --> 00:29:40.039
<v Speaker 2>In case you're ever like in the hardest game of

568
00:29:40.119 --> 00:29:43.039
<v Speaker 2>bar trivia ever known, You're probably never going to need

569
00:29:43.079 --> 00:29:45.039
<v Speaker 2>to know the term thermal hysteresis, but no I do.

570
00:29:45.519 --> 00:29:48.480
<v Speaker 2>And while spiders they usually have eight eyes, most have

571
00:29:48.519 --> 00:29:50.599
<v Speaker 2>to rely on touch to kind of suss out the

572
00:29:50.640 --> 00:29:55.240
<v Speaker 2>world around them. They're literally navigating the world on vibes,

573
00:29:55.480 --> 00:29:58.519
<v Speaker 2>and their brains are tiny, and their neural tissue can

574
00:29:58.559 --> 00:30:01.640
<v Speaker 2>extend all through their torsu. They are thinking with their

575
00:30:01.640 --> 00:30:06.200
<v Speaker 2>whole chest. What about anatomy of a spider. We've got

576
00:30:07.119 --> 00:30:08.119
<v Speaker 2>the fangs up front.

577
00:30:08.000 --> 00:30:08.839
<v Speaker 5>Come back to the basics.

578
00:30:08.880 --> 00:30:11.359
<v Speaker 2>I like this, yeah, because like, let's get to know spiders.

579
00:30:11.400 --> 00:30:11.799
<v Speaker 5>They're good.

580
00:30:12.480 --> 00:30:16.000
<v Speaker 2>We got the fangs up front, typically two, always two,

581
00:30:16.119 --> 00:30:19.920
<v Speaker 2>always two, So callissary are upfront, and those are the

582
00:30:20.079 --> 00:30:23.480
<v Speaker 2>jaws of a spider, and they're tipped with little fangs. Now,

583
00:30:23.559 --> 00:30:28.799
<v Speaker 2>next to those callissory are some short, leggy looking things

584
00:30:28.920 --> 00:30:32.599
<v Speaker 2>called palps or petipalps, and they can be small and

585
00:30:32.680 --> 00:30:35.359
<v Speaker 2>right near the mouth, or they can be larger like wolf.

586
00:30:35.400 --> 00:30:39.119
<v Speaker 2>Spiders sometimes have them with little ping pong paddles or

587
00:30:39.160 --> 00:30:42.440
<v Speaker 2>boxing gloves at the end, and they're usually bigger in

588
00:30:42.599 --> 00:30:45.559
<v Speaker 2>man spiders. Now, we did a scorpiology episode with doctor

589
00:30:45.640 --> 00:30:49.279
<v Speaker 2>Lauren Esposito, and to my delight and shock, I learned

590
00:30:49.319 --> 00:30:55.119
<v Speaker 2>that scorpions pinchers are technically petapalps. Petipalps petals are those

591
00:30:55.480 --> 00:30:58.160
<v Speaker 2>technically legs or they just modified legs into mouthparts.

592
00:30:58.240 --> 00:30:59.720
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, they're technically legs.

593
00:31:00.400 --> 00:31:04.640
<v Speaker 2>They are yep. So petty means foot and palps means

594
00:31:04.640 --> 00:31:08.440
<v Speaker 2>to feel. So they have mouth legs that they use

595
00:31:08.519 --> 00:31:12.519
<v Speaker 2>like fingers. Tell everyone you know, spiders have mouth legs

596
00:31:12.960 --> 00:31:14.240
<v Speaker 2>and they live on earth, but.

597
00:31:14.160 --> 00:31:16.359
<v Speaker 5>They don't really function as legs. They function in a

598
00:31:16.400 --> 00:31:19.880
<v Speaker 5>sensory way. The spider uses the petopalps to kind of

599
00:31:19.920 --> 00:31:22.799
<v Speaker 5>sense its environment, unless you're a male spider, in which

600
00:31:22.839 --> 00:31:25.680
<v Speaker 5>case the petopalps are modified to transfer sperm. But they're

601
00:31:25.680 --> 00:31:26.640
<v Speaker 5>not walking.

602
00:31:26.359 --> 00:31:29.480
<v Speaker 2>Legs, so they don't count as legs. But they are appendages.

603
00:31:29.519 --> 00:31:33.279
<v Speaker 5>They are appendages. They're paired appendages. But technically a spider

604
00:31:33.319 --> 00:31:36.559
<v Speaker 5>has six pairs of appendages going from front to back.

605
00:31:36.759 --> 00:31:40.839
<v Speaker 5>That chalissae are paired appendages, but they're not walking legs. Obviously.

606
00:31:40.920 --> 00:31:44.039
<v Speaker 5>The petapalps are paired appendages, and then the four pairs

607
00:31:44.079 --> 00:31:44.960
<v Speaker 5>of walking legs.

608
00:31:45.599 --> 00:31:48.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so spiders have twelve appendages. Only eight of them

609
00:31:49.079 --> 00:31:52.359
<v Speaker 2>are legs and the other four are mouth legs, and

610
00:31:52.400 --> 00:31:55.519
<v Speaker 2>they're fang area. But even though they have fangs or

611
00:31:55.599 --> 00:31:59.440
<v Speaker 2>callissary in their head, you might say that spiders kind

612
00:31:59.440 --> 00:32:02.519
<v Speaker 2>of have two business sense because of course, one lies

613
00:32:02.599 --> 00:32:04.799
<v Speaker 2>at the base of their little finger butts. If you

614
00:32:04.839 --> 00:32:08.079
<v Speaker 2>glance down at the dairy air of a spider very closely,

615
00:32:08.720 --> 00:32:10.920
<v Speaker 2>it may seem to be like if an old lady

616
00:32:10.960 --> 00:32:13.279
<v Speaker 2>was knitting on a porch and just wave like helloo.

617
00:32:13.640 --> 00:32:15.680
<v Speaker 2>And then what about spinnerets in the back?

618
00:32:15.960 --> 00:32:20.640
<v Speaker 5>Those are modified abdominal appendages. Yeah, those are actually very

619
00:32:20.680 --> 00:32:22.759
<v Speaker 5>cool because you can see them as appendages, like when

620
00:32:22.799 --> 00:32:25.359
<v Speaker 5>a tarantulus plays out some silk. You can see them

621
00:32:25.400 --> 00:32:27.039
<v Speaker 5>moving independently.

622
00:32:26.480 --> 00:32:28.799
<v Speaker 2>Mm hmm, like a little like a finger on each

623
00:32:28.839 --> 00:32:29.759
<v Speaker 2>side of the butt.

624
00:32:29.720 --> 00:32:31.240
<v Speaker 5>Right exactly. It's really cool.

625
00:32:31.200 --> 00:32:33.759
<v Speaker 2>As a companion piece. I urge you to see this

626
00:32:33.920 --> 00:32:37.920
<v Speaker 2>Spidronology episode we did to learn all about spiderwebs and

627
00:32:38.039 --> 00:32:41.640
<v Speaker 2>spider silk and how they are putting geens that make

628
00:32:41.839 --> 00:32:46.640
<v Speaker 2>spider silk into silkworms and sometimes goats to make other things.

629
00:32:46.640 --> 00:32:49.160
<v Speaker 2>It's a wild world. We'll link in the show notes

630
00:32:49.200 --> 00:32:52.640
<v Speaker 2>but okay, let's talk about their beautiful face and bod

631
00:32:52.880 --> 00:32:56.039
<v Speaker 2>which are kind of sewn together. They're like neck, no thanks,

632
00:32:56.240 --> 00:32:59.599
<v Speaker 2>different than an insect, so they fuse their head and

633
00:33:00.200 --> 00:33:01.039
<v Speaker 2>thorax together.

634
00:33:01.279 --> 00:33:04.920
<v Speaker 5>Yep Insects are hexapods. They have six legs. M h

635
00:33:05.319 --> 00:33:08.519
<v Speaker 5>iraknans have well, they have twelve legs, but they have

636
00:33:08.799 --> 00:33:09.839
<v Speaker 5>eight walking legs.

637
00:33:10.160 --> 00:33:15.039
<v Speaker 2>When it comes to their internal organs, do they have

638
00:33:15.079 --> 00:33:17.640
<v Speaker 2>a stomach and an intestine, I understand there are book

639
00:33:17.680 --> 00:33:20.960
<v Speaker 2>lungs in there that are kind of just like blood

640
00:33:21.039 --> 00:33:23.680
<v Speaker 2>or hemolymph just squirts out in there. It's kind of

641
00:33:23.680 --> 00:33:24.480
<v Speaker 2>open concept.

642
00:33:26.920 --> 00:33:29.519
<v Speaker 5>You mean squirts out bathe.

643
00:33:29.599 --> 00:33:30.519
<v Speaker 2>Things are just bathe.

644
00:33:30.599 --> 00:33:33.440
<v Speaker 5>That's right, right, it's an open circulatory system. Right. They

645
00:33:33.519 --> 00:33:34.559
<v Speaker 5>have this dorsal heart.

646
00:33:35.079 --> 00:33:38.240
<v Speaker 2>So a dorsal heart, like a dorsal fin, means that

647
00:33:38.319 --> 00:33:41.519
<v Speaker 2>it runs along its back and down the length. So

648
00:33:41.640 --> 00:33:45.240
<v Speaker 2>imagine if your heart wasn't on the front side, but

649
00:33:45.359 --> 00:33:48.079
<v Speaker 2>it ran down your spine. But spiders don't need a

650
00:33:48.119 --> 00:33:51.000
<v Speaker 2>spine because their skeleton is on the outside of their body.

651
00:33:51.079 --> 00:33:53.039
<v Speaker 2>But they do have a heart, so it be nice

652
00:33:53.079 --> 00:33:53.440
<v Speaker 2>to them.

653
00:33:53.759 --> 00:33:56.359
<v Speaker 5>And then they have hemal lymph that pumps through the body.

654
00:33:56.799 --> 00:34:01.160
<v Speaker 5>And then the book lungs just lie in contact with

655
00:34:01.319 --> 00:34:05.680
<v Speaker 5>that hema lymph and then there's respiration across that surface.

656
00:34:06.200 --> 00:34:09.320
<v Speaker 5>The book lungs, of course include these sheets of cuticle.

657
00:34:09.400 --> 00:34:12.920
<v Speaker 5>There's extremely high surface areas like the inside of a lung. Oh,

658
00:34:13.320 --> 00:34:15.360
<v Speaker 5>but it's cuticular.

659
00:34:15.280 --> 00:34:19.639
<v Speaker 2>So yes, a usually blue colored juice called a hemo

660
00:34:19.760 --> 00:34:24.760
<v Speaker 2>lymph instead of blood splshy splashes just around inside their body,

661
00:34:24.880 --> 00:34:29.079
<v Speaker 2>just transporting nutrients and keeping things slippery in kind of

662
00:34:29.119 --> 00:34:33.119
<v Speaker 2>an open concept circulatory system. But according to the twenty

663
00:34:33.119 --> 00:34:36.159
<v Speaker 2>twenty two paper Take a Deep Breath The Evolution of

664
00:34:36.199 --> 00:34:40.880
<v Speaker 2>the Respiratory system of Symphidoonathoid spiders, there are no less

665
00:34:40.920 --> 00:34:45.559
<v Speaker 2>than twenty two different respiratory configurations in this certain kind

666
00:34:45.559 --> 00:34:48.400
<v Speaker 2>of spider. And by the way, that's just one family

667
00:34:48.519 --> 00:34:51.880
<v Speaker 2>of one info order, and that's twenty two different respiratory

668
00:34:51.880 --> 00:34:55.760
<v Speaker 2>system configurations, so it varies. Marshall says that a lot

669
00:34:55.760 --> 00:35:00.559
<v Speaker 2>of spiders lose their book lungs with evolution, like and

670
00:35:00.559 --> 00:35:03.599
<v Speaker 2>other meglomorph spiders, which tend to be older in the

671
00:35:03.639 --> 00:35:06.960
<v Speaker 2>evolutionary scheme of things, they have four book lungs, which

672
00:35:07.000 --> 00:35:09.840
<v Speaker 2>are structures kind of like pages in a book that

673
00:35:09.920 --> 00:35:13.079
<v Speaker 2>have increased surface area for gas exchange.

674
00:35:12.599 --> 00:35:16.360
<v Speaker 5>But most uranium orph true spiders have moved away from that.

675
00:35:16.480 --> 00:35:19.519
<v Speaker 5>Some of their book lungs have evolved into little cuticular

676
00:35:19.599 --> 00:35:23.440
<v Speaker 5>tubes that just permeate the body. It's more efficient. The

677
00:35:23.480 --> 00:35:26.639
<v Speaker 5>spider can be more active that way because it has

678
00:35:26.800 --> 00:35:29.519
<v Speaker 5>basically a more efficient circulatory system.

679
00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:32.119
<v Speaker 2>Are those more like veins exactly?

680
00:35:32.280 --> 00:35:35.760
<v Speaker 5>It's like a capillary system. You have that kind of clunky,

681
00:35:35.840 --> 00:35:39.440
<v Speaker 5>open system. And if you're a mygalomorph like a tarantula,

682
00:35:39.480 --> 00:35:41.719
<v Speaker 5>you have four book lungs and you're kind of slow

683
00:35:42.199 --> 00:35:46.920
<v Speaker 5>because of your respiratory system. They're metabolically not very active.

684
00:35:47.280 --> 00:35:49.679
<v Speaker 5>It's like life in the slow lane. But if you're

685
00:35:49.679 --> 00:35:53.199
<v Speaker 5>a jumping spider, you have this tracheal system that permeates

686
00:35:53.239 --> 00:35:57.239
<v Speaker 5>the body and they can be very active predators.

687
00:35:57.679 --> 00:36:01.679
<v Speaker 2>For more on the boggling, dazzling world of dancing jumping spiders,

688
00:36:01.719 --> 00:36:06.360
<v Speaker 2>see the Kinetic Salicidology episode with the beloved doctor Sebastian Everichi,

689
00:36:06.519 --> 00:36:10.599
<v Speaker 2>which is all about how spiders dance seductively, and it

690
00:36:10.639 --> 00:36:14.679
<v Speaker 2>also includes a bonus electronica track made of spider thumps

691
00:36:14.840 --> 00:36:17.599
<v Speaker 2>composed by Jason Scartamalia. It's so good. Yeah, they are

692
00:36:17.679 --> 00:36:19.440
<v Speaker 2>jumping around all the time. But you never see a

693
00:36:19.480 --> 00:36:21.719
<v Speaker 2>tarantula doing no, that's right, than lumbering.

694
00:36:21.760 --> 00:36:25.800
<v Speaker 5>And like a trapdoor spider, it just sits in its burrow. Literally,

695
00:36:25.840 --> 00:36:28.760
<v Speaker 5>it can sit there without eating for a year. Is

696
00:36:28.840 --> 00:36:32.000
<v Speaker 5>like sitting in its closet. I'm just gonna I'll pass

697
00:36:32.039 --> 00:36:35.239
<v Speaker 5>this year, catch me again next year. Right, It's ridiculous.

698
00:36:35.559 --> 00:36:37.360
<v Speaker 2>It's like going fishing and you're like, I'm just going

699
00:36:37.400 --> 00:36:38.159
<v Speaker 2>to sit in this boat.

700
00:36:38.199 --> 00:36:41.400
<v Speaker 5>But it's super duper efficient in their lifestyle. They can

701
00:36:41.480 --> 00:36:43.159
<v Speaker 5>persist in the landscape.

702
00:36:43.400 --> 00:36:46.920
<v Speaker 2>They can outweight yeah, their prey, that's right. How often

703
00:36:46.920 --> 00:36:49.239
<v Speaker 2>do most spiders eat? Do they need to eat daily?

704
00:36:49.320 --> 00:36:51.320
<v Speaker 5>It depends on what they are. If you're a jumping spider,

705
00:36:51.360 --> 00:36:53.320
<v Speaker 5>you need to eat a lot, But if you're a

706
00:36:53.400 --> 00:36:58.000
<v Speaker 5>trapdoor spider, literally they can eat once a year. It's crazy.

707
00:36:58.039 --> 00:36:58.920
<v Speaker 5>I don't know how it works.

708
00:36:59.000 --> 00:37:01.039
<v Speaker 2>Can we talk more about trap door spiders the one

709
00:37:01.039 --> 00:37:03.079
<v Speaker 2>who hang out in a burrow and then seal it

710
00:37:03.119 --> 00:37:05.519
<v Speaker 2>with a little quirk like manhole they made of dirt,

711
00:37:05.599 --> 00:37:09.159
<v Speaker 2>plants and silk, or one species of trapdoor spider whose

712
00:37:09.199 --> 00:37:12.800
<v Speaker 2>actual ass is flattened like a disc that they use

713
00:37:12.920 --> 00:37:15.320
<v Speaker 2>to close their little house off. They use their butt

714
00:37:15.320 --> 00:37:18.559
<v Speaker 2>as a door. It's a back door, front door made

715
00:37:18.599 --> 00:37:21.519
<v Speaker 2>of spider butt. Can we talk about trap door spiders? Great?

716
00:37:22.119 --> 00:37:22.280
<v Speaker 4>Now.

717
00:37:22.320 --> 00:37:26.360
<v Speaker 2>Trapdoor spiders I think are amazing because they've got absolute

718
00:37:26.400 --> 00:37:27.679
<v Speaker 2>bonkers camouflage.

719
00:37:27.840 --> 00:37:30.880
<v Speaker 5>They've shown that female trap door spiders can live for

720
00:37:30.880 --> 00:37:36.719
<v Speaker 5>forty five years in the wild. Yeah, how that's right again,

721
00:37:36.760 --> 00:37:38.320
<v Speaker 5>it's kind of life in the slow lane.

722
00:37:38.719 --> 00:37:39.000
<v Speaker 4>Wow.

723
00:37:39.400 --> 00:37:39.559
<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

724
00:37:40.039 --> 00:37:43.679
<v Speaker 5>In Australia, these kind of beautiful studies, they marked the

725
00:37:43.960 --> 00:37:47.559
<v Speaker 5>burrows of spiders and they just kept following them through time,

726
00:37:48.239 --> 00:37:51.119
<v Speaker 5>and there was this one big female matriarch and she

727
00:37:51.280 --> 00:37:54.199
<v Speaker 5>lived essentially forever. Forty five years for such a small

728
00:37:54.239 --> 00:37:57.159
<v Speaker 5>bodied animal is really really cool and it's very different

729
00:37:57.199 --> 00:38:00.719
<v Speaker 5>from other arthropods. And then finally, only one day they

730
00:38:00.719 --> 00:38:03.760
<v Speaker 5>walked into the forest and they found her trapdoor had

731
00:38:03.800 --> 00:38:06.719
<v Speaker 5>a hole in it. The wasp had finally got her

732
00:38:07.280 --> 00:38:12.079
<v Speaker 5>forty five years. No, that must have been pretty sad, actually, yeah,

733
00:38:12.320 --> 00:38:14.239
<v Speaker 5>find that. But it's still cool.

734
00:38:14.559 --> 00:38:16.280
<v Speaker 2>And for more on this, you can see the twenty

735
00:38:16.320 --> 00:38:21.679
<v Speaker 2>eighteen study The Longest Lived Spider Meglomorph's Dig Deeper and Persevere,

736
00:38:21.960 --> 00:38:25.920
<v Speaker 2>which reports that this legendary trapdoor lady, who went by

737
00:38:25.960 --> 00:38:30.199
<v Speaker 2>the title of Number sixteen was observed from her first

738
00:38:30.239 --> 00:38:34.639
<v Speaker 2>spring as a spiderling up until her death in twenty sixteen,

739
00:38:35.119 --> 00:38:39.920
<v Speaker 2>living to be forty three years old. Forty three a

740
00:38:39.960 --> 00:38:43.920
<v Speaker 2>spider in her forties, and her principal watcher was the

741
00:38:43.960 --> 00:38:47.679
<v Speaker 2>Australian Lady of the Spiders and a ra acknologist, doctor

742
00:38:47.679 --> 00:38:51.800
<v Speaker 2>Barbara York Maine, who worked into her eighties. Motivated she

743
00:38:51.840 --> 00:38:55.840
<v Speaker 2>had said, by seeing how long Number sixteen would stay alive,

744
00:38:56.119 --> 00:38:59.800
<v Speaker 2>and doctor York Mayne she died of complications from Alzheimer's

745
00:39:00.119 --> 00:39:04.320
<v Speaker 2>just months after that final paper was published, and Barbara's mentee,

746
00:39:04.440 --> 00:39:07.039
<v Speaker 2>Leanda Mason, who took over the field work, has said

747
00:39:07.079 --> 00:39:11.719
<v Speaker 2>that in doctor york Maine's advanced memory loss, she remembered

748
00:39:11.800 --> 00:39:16.960
<v Speaker 2>Number sixteen, but perhaps mercifully forgot that Number sixteen had died.

749
00:39:17.480 --> 00:39:21.719
<v Speaker 2>Now they are in the beyond, hopefully hanging out together

750
00:39:22.679 --> 00:39:25.599
<v Speaker 2>in the ether and waiting for bugs. And so what

751
00:39:25.800 --> 00:39:28.519
<v Speaker 2>was the secret to the long life of number sixteen?

752
00:39:28.719 --> 00:39:33.280
<v Speaker 2>At least so studies on these slow moving arachnids site

753
00:39:33.320 --> 00:39:40.079
<v Speaker 2>that sedentary, fiercely solitary lifestyle in unkempt environments and what

754
00:39:40.119 --> 00:39:44.519
<v Speaker 2>we would call very intermittent fasting keep these babies alive longer,

755
00:39:44.760 --> 00:39:48.199
<v Speaker 2>and also to mate. A female soaks a mat of

756
00:39:48.239 --> 00:39:51.039
<v Speaker 2>her own silk with some sexy pheromones and then waits

757
00:39:51.039 --> 00:39:53.079
<v Speaker 2>for a male to knock on her door, and then

758
00:39:53.199 --> 00:39:56.559
<v Speaker 2>when she answers, he blocks her fangs with his leg

759
00:39:56.960 --> 00:40:00.199
<v Speaker 2>and injects a handful of spermy silk in her. So

760
00:40:00.960 --> 00:40:05.559
<v Speaker 2>a long, perhaps lonely life, not eating much, putting out

761
00:40:05.599 --> 00:40:08.480
<v Speaker 2>a personal ad on your doorstep, you open the door

762
00:40:08.599 --> 00:40:11.800
<v Speaker 2>and you get jiu jitsu with jiz So like as

763
00:40:11.880 --> 00:40:15.519
<v Speaker 2>much as I like to glean strength from nature, as

764
00:40:15.559 --> 00:40:18.480
<v Speaker 2>your internet dad uncle I or you do not use

765
00:40:18.480 --> 00:40:22.440
<v Speaker 2>trap door spiders as a physical or a mental health model.

766
00:40:22.800 --> 00:40:25.199
<v Speaker 5>It's such a cool study. And you know, to be

767
00:40:25.239 --> 00:40:28.320
<v Speaker 5>able to follow an individual spider for forty five years

768
00:40:28.480 --> 00:40:29.320
<v Speaker 5>is really awesome.

769
00:40:29.760 --> 00:40:33.199
<v Speaker 2>And are those wasps those tarantula hawk.

770
00:40:33.039 --> 00:40:36.360
<v Speaker 5>Wasps probably yeah, like a spider wasp on pilled.

771
00:40:36.519 --> 00:40:39.320
<v Speaker 2>I've seen some of those in our backyard because I

772
00:40:39.360 --> 00:40:42.000
<v Speaker 2>know we have trapped doors get away from I know,

773
00:40:42.320 --> 00:40:46.800
<v Speaker 2>I know this stinkers gorgeous insects, but I'm also like, no,

774
00:40:46.920 --> 00:40:48.280
<v Speaker 2>not the trapdoor spider.

775
00:40:48.360 --> 00:40:50.519
<v Speaker 5>What kind of trap door spiders do you have? Oh?

776
00:40:50.519 --> 00:40:51.440
<v Speaker 2>That's such a great question.

777
00:40:51.519 --> 00:40:54.599
<v Speaker 5>California trapp spiders. Yeah bothreeo, yeah, awesome.

778
00:40:54.880 --> 00:40:57.039
<v Speaker 2>When it rains twice or three times, they've tried to

779
00:40:57.039 --> 00:40:59.880
<v Speaker 2>come into the house, and a couple have perished that

780
00:41:00.239 --> 00:41:03.280
<v Speaker 2>those are the males. The males, Yeah, speaking of males.

781
00:41:03.519 --> 00:41:06.400
<v Speaker 2>And then once one was just lumbering down our hallway

782
00:41:06.400 --> 00:41:09.920
<v Speaker 2>and my husband started screaming, partly out of a little

783
00:41:09.920 --> 00:41:11.760
<v Speaker 2>bit of shock, but also because he knew I'd be

784
00:41:11.840 --> 00:41:12.599
<v Speaker 2>so excited.

785
00:41:12.840 --> 00:41:13.119
<v Speaker 5>Nice.

786
00:41:13.400 --> 00:41:15.920
<v Speaker 2>It was like going and we were trying to find

787
00:41:15.920 --> 00:41:16.400
<v Speaker 2>a good place.

788
00:41:16.480 --> 00:41:19.679
<v Speaker 5>The males use heavy rains as cues to leave their burrow.

789
00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:20.800
<v Speaker 2>Where are they going?

790
00:41:20.920 --> 00:41:22.920
<v Speaker 5>They're looking for the female. It's time to go.

791
00:41:23.199 --> 00:41:24.599
<v Speaker 2>They're not in my garage.

792
00:41:24.880 --> 00:41:25.880
<v Speaker 5>Well, they don't know.

793
00:41:26.159 --> 00:41:28.480
<v Speaker 2>Get out of here. Man, God, ladies to meet.

794
00:41:28.719 --> 00:41:31.840
<v Speaker 5>That's the ridiculous thing about male trapped or spiders. So

795
00:41:31.920 --> 00:41:33.800
<v Speaker 5>they live in their burrow, let's say, for five or

796
00:41:33.840 --> 00:41:36.880
<v Speaker 5>six years, and they're molting, they're getting bigger. They're in

797
00:41:36.920 --> 00:41:39.840
<v Speaker 5>their burrow. They live in California. It hasn't rained for

798
00:41:39.920 --> 00:41:44.360
<v Speaker 5>six months. It's October, first rain of the season. They've

799
00:41:44.360 --> 00:41:48.039
<v Speaker 5>molted to maturity. They're like, okay, it's time to go.

800
00:41:48.639 --> 00:41:50.320
<v Speaker 5>But how do they know where They're going like, they

801
00:41:50.360 --> 00:41:52.840
<v Speaker 5>just clumber out of their burrow. This is the first

802
00:41:52.840 --> 00:41:55.039
<v Speaker 5>time they've ever done that, and then they have to

803
00:41:55.079 --> 00:41:58.599
<v Speaker 5>go find a female. I'm a little nervous. It's actually

804
00:41:58.679 --> 00:42:01.360
<v Speaker 5>it seems maladaptive to me. I have no idea how

805
00:42:01.400 --> 00:42:03.360
<v Speaker 5>it works, but it obviously does work.

806
00:42:03.400 --> 00:42:06.719
<v Speaker 2>They find females, and so if we see one inside again,

807
00:42:06.880 --> 00:42:08.719
<v Speaker 2>returning them to the hillside is the best.

808
00:42:08.880 --> 00:42:10.079
<v Speaker 5>Just put it on the outside. Yeah.

809
00:42:10.199 --> 00:42:13.159
<v Speaker 2>Now, we talked about burrows, We've talked about jumping spiders.

810
00:42:13.199 --> 00:42:17.679
<v Speaker 2>So when it comes to hunting, obviously spiders are great

811
00:42:17.679 --> 00:42:21.039
<v Speaker 2>at it. Hence the fangs and the venom, fangs in

812
00:42:21.039 --> 00:42:22.599
<v Speaker 2>the venom, and their web and the web.

813
00:42:22.679 --> 00:42:23.119
<v Speaker 5>The web.

814
00:42:23.559 --> 00:42:26.880
<v Speaker 2>Now, all spiders make silk, but not all of them

815
00:42:27.039 --> 00:42:30.639
<v Speaker 2>use webs to catch right, So what are some hunting

816
00:42:30.920 --> 00:42:33.639
<v Speaker 2>methods and living methods that spiders use?

817
00:42:34.199 --> 00:42:35.960
<v Speaker 5>Well, you have like the bull of spider. You know

818
00:42:36.000 --> 00:42:37.039
<v Speaker 5>about the bull ass spider.

819
00:42:37.280 --> 00:42:38.000
<v Speaker 2>I don't think I do.

820
00:42:38.639 --> 00:42:40.119
<v Speaker 5>You don't know about the bull ass spider?

821
00:42:40.159 --> 00:42:42.039
<v Speaker 2>I don't think so is this a joke?

822
00:42:42.440 --> 00:42:50.320
<v Speaker 5>No, bull of spider is a derived or weaving spider, Okay,

823
00:42:50.519 --> 00:42:53.679
<v Speaker 5>like a Charlotte's web spider. Oh okay, yes, that they've

824
00:42:53.719 --> 00:42:56.880
<v Speaker 5>taken the Charlotte's web and instead of building a complex

825
00:42:57.440 --> 00:43:01.599
<v Speaker 5>orb web like that, they just have a single line

826
00:43:01.639 --> 00:43:04.039
<v Speaker 5>of silk. And at the end of the single line

827
00:43:04.079 --> 00:43:06.440
<v Speaker 5>of silk they have a sticky ball of glue.

828
00:43:06.840 --> 00:43:12.239
<v Speaker 4>What what this thing is flinging a sticky ball around

829
00:43:12.480 --> 00:43:15.639
<v Speaker 4>to catch stuff And bullus means ball and these bull

830
00:43:15.639 --> 00:43:20.639
<v Speaker 4>of spiders, according to your bff Workipedia, they hunt by

831
00:43:20.760 --> 00:43:24.159
<v Speaker 4>using one or more tacky little capture.

832
00:43:23.760 --> 00:43:25.840
<v Speaker 2>Blobs on the end of a silk. It's like a

833
00:43:25.960 --> 00:43:28.920
<v Speaker 2>lasso made of your body secretions.

834
00:43:29.360 --> 00:43:32.639
<v Speaker 5>That's cool, But the cooler thing is that they emit

835
00:43:32.800 --> 00:43:37.800
<v Speaker 5>chemicals that mimic moth pheromones. So those bull of spider

836
00:43:37.880 --> 00:43:42.079
<v Speaker 5>sits in one place and they attract moths. This is

837
00:43:42.159 --> 00:43:45.960
<v Speaker 5>happening at night, and then when the moth is attracted,

838
00:43:45.960 --> 00:43:49.360
<v Speaker 5>they whip their bullus and catch it with the sticky glue. No,

839
00:43:49.719 --> 00:43:50.960
<v Speaker 5>that's pretty specialized.

840
00:43:51.320 --> 00:43:52.639
<v Speaker 2>No one's never told me about that.

841
00:43:53.119 --> 00:43:55.920
<v Speaker 5>And they attract moths of like a single species, so

842
00:43:55.960 --> 00:44:00.119
<v Speaker 5>they're very species specific, Like they attract male moths of

843
00:44:00.159 --> 00:44:03.960
<v Speaker 5>a single species, right, because they're producing a chemical that

844
00:44:04.039 --> 00:44:10.159
<v Speaker 5>mimics female moth pheromone. Yeah, aggressive chemical mimicry. They're spectacular.

845
00:44:10.280 --> 00:44:12.960
<v Speaker 2>Sounds like a moth rodeo. I'm excited about this.

846
00:44:13.639 --> 00:44:16.400
<v Speaker 5>That's right, it's a moth rodeo. But they can actually

847
00:44:16.440 --> 00:44:19.159
<v Speaker 5>switch their chemical in the middle of the evening and

848
00:44:19.239 --> 00:44:22.920
<v Speaker 5>start to attract a different species. It's ridiculous. The whole

849
00:44:22.920 --> 00:44:23.840
<v Speaker 5>thing is ridiculous.

850
00:44:23.920 --> 00:44:27.199
<v Speaker 2>That is ridiculous, spectacular and it is just all going

851
00:44:27.239 --> 00:44:29.440
<v Speaker 2>on under cover of night in it maybe from a

852
00:44:29.480 --> 00:44:30.079
<v Speaker 2>tree branch.

853
00:44:30.280 --> 00:44:34.119
<v Speaker 5>Right, they are orb weaving spiders. They just no longer

854
00:44:34.159 --> 00:44:35.079
<v Speaker 5>make an orb web.

855
00:44:35.320 --> 00:44:37.840
<v Speaker 2>Wow, They're like webs are so five minutes ago. I'm

856
00:44:37.840 --> 00:44:41.679
<v Speaker 2>one of this new stuff. What about funnel web spiders? Okay,

857
00:44:41.800 --> 00:44:45.159
<v Speaker 2>so there are two kinds of funnel web spiders and

858
00:44:45.239 --> 00:44:48.440
<v Speaker 2>one is a harmless sweety pd one is not.

859
00:44:49.079 --> 00:44:52.280
<v Speaker 5>That's good to clarify. So Australian funnel web spiders are

860
00:44:52.320 --> 00:44:55.920
<v Speaker 5>my gallomorphs, and those are the most medically dangerous to

861
00:44:56.039 --> 00:44:59.000
<v Speaker 5>human spiders in the world. And the females and the

862
00:44:59.039 --> 00:45:03.000
<v Speaker 5>males they silk. They kind of live underground or on trees,

863
00:45:03.079 --> 00:45:05.639
<v Speaker 5>and then they have like this messy web like a

864
00:45:05.679 --> 00:45:08.719
<v Speaker 5>funnel web at the entrance, but the male same idea

865
00:45:08.880 --> 00:45:12.760
<v Speaker 5>multimaturity and then they go look for females, but they

866
00:45:12.800 --> 00:45:16.960
<v Speaker 5>have evolved venoms to protect themselves from predators when they're

867
00:45:16.960 --> 00:45:22.159
<v Speaker 5>wandering around. Oh, those venoms happen to be also highly

868
00:45:22.239 --> 00:45:26.599
<v Speaker 5>dangerous to people, so they've killed people. They're deadly spiders,

869
00:45:26.599 --> 00:45:29.320
<v Speaker 5>but there are anti venoms that have been developed.

870
00:45:29.920 --> 00:45:32.440
<v Speaker 2>It's like they're carrying pepper spray or something. They're like,

871
00:45:32.480 --> 00:45:34.760
<v Speaker 2>I'm gonna be a we walking out at night. They're

872
00:45:34.760 --> 00:45:37.280
<v Speaker 2>going to be safe here, that's right. So knowing your

873
00:45:37.320 --> 00:45:40.559
<v Speaker 2>spiders and not avoiding them is what will keep you

874
00:45:40.800 --> 00:45:44.119
<v Speaker 2>the safest. I am chill around local spiders because I

875
00:45:44.199 --> 00:45:47.519
<v Speaker 2>know who's who. And so if you're traveling somewhere new

876
00:45:47.719 --> 00:45:50.400
<v Speaker 2>or even just around your own area, get to know

877
00:45:50.880 --> 00:45:53.880
<v Speaker 2>spiders so you can kind of kick back around most

878
00:45:53.920 --> 00:45:55.679
<v Speaker 2>of them. And I'll give you a heads up that

879
00:45:55.760 --> 00:45:59.000
<v Speaker 2>there is a Brazilian wandering spider known to be a

880
00:45:59.000 --> 00:46:02.800
<v Speaker 2>bit aggressive, and its bite can cause rapid heart rate

881
00:46:03.159 --> 00:46:08.440
<v Speaker 2>and high blood pressure, dizziness, sweating, hair standing up on end,

882
00:46:08.920 --> 00:46:13.760
<v Speaker 2>and in that vein painfully long lasting erections, so much

883
00:46:13.840 --> 00:46:17.079
<v Speaker 2>so that the pharmaceutical industry is eyeing it as a

884
00:46:17.079 --> 00:46:20.639
<v Speaker 2>treatment for dick props. It's also sometimes conveniently called a

885
00:46:20.639 --> 00:46:24.039
<v Speaker 2>banana spider. Now, on the other end, what about anti venom?

886
00:46:24.280 --> 00:46:27.880
<v Speaker 2>So A Journal of Toxicology paper titled anti venom Treatment

887
00:46:28.000 --> 00:46:31.199
<v Speaker 2>in Arachnetism says that the spiders it would cause you

888
00:46:31.239 --> 00:46:34.920
<v Speaker 2>the most problems are the widows, the recklesses, and that

889
00:46:35.079 --> 00:46:38.760
<v Speaker 2>wandering Brazilian spider. Anyone with writer's block feel free to

890
00:46:38.880 --> 00:46:42.639
<v Speaker 2>use reclose widow wandrous to Brazil as a prompt go

891
00:46:42.719 --> 00:46:45.239
<v Speaker 2>make a novel. But anti venom this was news to me.

892
00:46:45.440 --> 00:46:49.960
<v Speaker 2>It's sometimes made by milking spider fangs or dissecting venom

893
00:46:50.039 --> 00:46:52.760
<v Speaker 2>out of the spider and injecting it into an animal

894
00:46:52.800 --> 00:46:56.599
<v Speaker 2>like a horse, with tiny doses, and then more and

895
00:46:56.679 --> 00:47:00.239
<v Speaker 2>more so their bodies build antibodies to the venom. Then

896
00:47:00.400 --> 00:47:03.320
<v Speaker 2>the horse blood is gathered and the antibodies to the

897
00:47:03.400 --> 00:47:07.000
<v Speaker 2>venom are injected in you and they bind to venom

898
00:47:07.119 --> 00:47:10.559
<v Speaker 2>to neutralize it. However, this sucks. Your body can make

899
00:47:10.599 --> 00:47:14.360
<v Speaker 2>antibodies to the antibodies, which means that some anti venom

900
00:47:14.599 --> 00:47:18.280
<v Speaker 2>really doesn't help much the second time around. But even

901
00:47:18.440 --> 00:47:22.079
<v Speaker 2>one shot at getting away with a fatal bite seems

902
00:47:22.119 --> 00:47:25.239
<v Speaker 2>like magic. It's been around since the nineteen eighties and

903
00:47:25.280 --> 00:47:29.079
<v Speaker 2>one of its developers, Emil von Bahering, also won the

904
00:47:29.119 --> 00:47:32.320
<v Speaker 2>Nobel Prize for helping to develop the dip barrya vaccine,

905
00:47:32.360 --> 00:47:35.159
<v Speaker 2>and he was known as quote the savior of children

906
00:47:35.480 --> 00:47:38.840
<v Speaker 2>because so many kids used to die from diphtheria. So

907
00:47:39.199 --> 00:47:44.800
<v Speaker 2>vaccines literal modern miracles. But yeah, know your spiders. Sometimes

908
00:47:44.880 --> 00:47:49.000
<v Speaker 2>your throne a curveball and a small funnel web spider

909
00:47:49.039 --> 00:47:52.440
<v Speaker 2>in say California, is totally harmless. But there is another

910
00:47:52.519 --> 00:47:56.880
<v Speaker 2>type of funnel web spider that is chunky, highly venomous

911
00:47:57.079 --> 00:47:57.960
<v Speaker 2>and Australian.

912
00:47:58.039 --> 00:48:01.039
<v Speaker 5>If you're in Australia, you know what a funnel web spider.

913
00:48:01.239 --> 00:48:02.159
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I'm sure.

914
00:48:02.599 --> 00:48:04.760
<v Speaker 5>I actually picked one up back in the day when

915
00:48:04.760 --> 00:48:08.159
<v Speaker 5>I was I was on the eastern seaboard of Australia

916
00:48:08.159 --> 00:48:10.519
<v Speaker 5>on a field trip and we went to this friend

917
00:48:10.559 --> 00:48:13.119
<v Speaker 5>of mine's house and he had this patch of forest

918
00:48:13.199 --> 00:48:16.440
<v Speaker 5>that was covered in my Gallimore spiders. It was wonderful.

919
00:48:16.960 --> 00:48:19.440
<v Speaker 5>But I found a bunnel web spider and I picked

920
00:48:19.480 --> 00:48:21.599
<v Speaker 5>it up because I didn't know what it was, and

921
00:48:21.639 --> 00:48:23.880
<v Speaker 5>he was like, I wouldn't do that.

922
00:48:24.719 --> 00:48:30.960
<v Speaker 2>Whatever you're called, obviously you're survived. Congratulations on that. It's

923
00:48:31.000 --> 00:48:35.320
<v Speaker 2>like you one, what about sexual dimorphism, because I know

924
00:48:35.360 --> 00:48:39.199
<v Speaker 2>with the orb weavers, it's beautiful to see this ginormous,

925
00:48:39.480 --> 00:48:42.719
<v Speaker 2>beautiful female and then there's like there's like a little

926
00:48:42.800 --> 00:48:43.519
<v Speaker 2>dude hanging out on.

927
00:48:43.519 --> 00:48:44.239
<v Speaker 5>The corner male.

928
00:48:44.519 --> 00:48:49.519
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. How different across the board? Do we tend to

929
00:48:49.559 --> 00:48:53.480
<v Speaker 2>see the different sexes? Do we tend to see larger females?

930
00:48:54.159 --> 00:48:58.800
<v Speaker 5>Generally larger females than males, but the amount of dimorphism varies.

931
00:48:59.400 --> 00:49:01.440
<v Speaker 5>It's generally the case that the females are bigger than

932
00:49:01.480 --> 00:49:03.519
<v Speaker 5>the males, but sometimes the males are pretty close to

933
00:49:03.559 --> 00:49:06.960
<v Speaker 5>the female size. But then and some spiders, males are

934
00:49:07.119 --> 00:49:09.639
<v Speaker 5>stupidly small, like a golden silk spider.

935
00:49:10.079 --> 00:49:12.280
<v Speaker 2>Yes, right, yes, but.

936
00:49:12.199 --> 00:49:14.760
<v Speaker 5>The females are gigantic, Like if you go to Costa Rica,

937
00:49:14.920 --> 00:49:18.519
<v Speaker 5>they'll see this gigantic female and the male is literally like, oh,

938
00:49:18.679 --> 00:49:20.599
<v Speaker 5>one to one hundredths of their size.

939
00:49:20.840 --> 00:49:23.719
<v Speaker 2>It's like a tuba versus a kazoo. It's like, what

940
00:49:23.880 --> 00:49:24.400
<v Speaker 2>is going on?

941
00:49:24.719 --> 00:49:28.159
<v Speaker 5>Not even that, it's worse than that. Males have very

942
00:49:28.159 --> 00:49:32.239
<v Speaker 5>different lives than females, so they're morphologies often very different.

943
00:49:32.800 --> 00:49:35.239
<v Speaker 2>Is it because they just don't need to capture as

944
00:49:35.440 --> 00:49:39.360
<v Speaker 2>many nutrients to create offspring? How are their lives so different.

945
00:49:39.840 --> 00:49:42.800
<v Speaker 5>Well, they're typically vagrant, so they're having to move around

946
00:49:42.800 --> 00:49:44.760
<v Speaker 5>the habitat more than a female. The female is just

947
00:49:44.800 --> 00:49:46.679
<v Speaker 5>going to stay there and the male comes and look

948
00:49:46.760 --> 00:49:49.079
<v Speaker 5>for her. And again, they don't care about food. Once

949
00:49:49.079 --> 00:49:51.480
<v Speaker 5>they mult to maturity, they don't care about food. They're

950
00:49:51.480 --> 00:49:52.480
<v Speaker 5>just looking for females.

951
00:49:53.599 --> 00:49:54.400
<v Speaker 2>Hello, ladies.

952
00:49:54.840 --> 00:49:56.679
<v Speaker 5>They have a different kind of natural history or a

953
00:49:56.679 --> 00:50:00.119
<v Speaker 5>different life history once they're ready to go, once they're

954
00:50:00.119 --> 00:50:00.960
<v Speaker 5>sexually mature.

955
00:50:01.440 --> 00:50:02.480
<v Speaker 2>Do you have a favorite spider?

956
00:50:03.119 --> 00:50:07.360
<v Speaker 5>I love Hypokylis. I love the idea of hypokilis. I

957
00:50:07.400 --> 00:50:08.800
<v Speaker 5>can take you to see Hypochylus.

958
00:50:08.840 --> 00:50:09.440
<v Speaker 2>I know I want to go.

959
00:50:09.920 --> 00:50:11.320
<v Speaker 5>Let me know if you want to go see them.

960
00:50:11.320 --> 00:50:13.119
<v Speaker 2>You're kidding field trip to see spiders? Heck?

961
00:50:13.199 --> 00:50:13.679
<v Speaker 6>Yeah.

962
00:50:13.719 --> 00:50:17.440
<v Speaker 2>So these are those little ancient lamb shade spiders that

963
00:50:17.480 --> 00:50:20.880
<v Speaker 2>we chatted about earlier, and one of perhaps the rarest

964
00:50:21.199 --> 00:50:24.679
<v Speaker 2>lives right outside of La in the San Bernardino Mountains.

965
00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:29.159
<v Speaker 5>It's called Hypochylis Bernardino and it's only known from It's

966
00:50:29.199 --> 00:50:31.840
<v Speaker 5>literally the species is only known from like one little

967
00:50:31.840 --> 00:50:35.280
<v Speaker 5>creek drainage. Oh my god, they're pretty rare, but I

968
00:50:35.320 --> 00:50:38.719
<v Speaker 5>know where they live. I'm actually going on not this

969
00:50:38.840 --> 00:50:40.519
<v Speaker 5>coming Sunday, but the Sunday after that.

970
00:50:40.800 --> 00:50:44.880
<v Speaker 2>Okay, holler, okay, yeah, that'd be serious. I am, I am.

971
00:50:45.159 --> 00:50:46.800
<v Speaker 5>You just can't tell anyone where they are.

972
00:50:46.840 --> 00:50:49.679
<v Speaker 2>Oh, I would never. Once you're in with spider people,

973
00:50:49.760 --> 00:50:52.360
<v Speaker 2>you can never betray that trust. They're few and far

974
00:50:52.440 --> 00:50:54.920
<v Speaker 2>between of us. Just an update on this. The day

975
00:50:54.920 --> 00:50:56.679
<v Speaker 2>we were supposed to meet up for the spider hunt,

976
00:50:57.079 --> 00:51:00.960
<v Speaker 2>which was a bristlingly hot and dry weekend, a forty

977
00:51:01.039 --> 00:51:05.920
<v Speaker 2>three thousand acre fire in the same mountains thwarted our plants. Now,

978
00:51:05.920 --> 00:51:08.599
<v Speaker 2>this spider's habitat should be fine, but given that this

979
00:51:08.719 --> 00:51:12.639
<v Speaker 2>species has been discovered in exactly one creek drainage in

980
00:51:12.760 --> 00:51:16.440
<v Speaker 2>all of the world, climate change, habitat loss, and in

981
00:51:16.519 --> 00:51:22.239
<v Speaker 2>general insect or prey decline all threaten spider populations. And

982
00:51:22.320 --> 00:51:26.519
<v Speaker 2>Marshall's specialty is finding and highlighting the spiders with the

983
00:51:26.679 --> 00:51:29.920
<v Speaker 2>small distributions. I asked him how he does it, and

984
00:51:29.960 --> 00:51:32.480
<v Speaker 2>he said, a lot of fieldwork. Do you have really

985
00:51:32.480 --> 00:51:33.360
<v Speaker 2>good hiking boots?

986
00:51:33.840 --> 00:51:34.960
<v Speaker 5>I have multiple pairs.

987
00:51:35.079 --> 00:51:38.440
<v Speaker 2>I bet three pairs. Actually, I bet you a good

988
00:51:38.480 --> 00:51:43.559
<v Speaker 2>mileage on am I do typical like a Fitbit day

989
00:51:43.639 --> 00:51:45.679
<v Speaker 2>for you would be like twenty thousand steps, I guess.

990
00:51:45.719 --> 00:51:47.159
<v Speaker 2>And when you're in the field, something crazy.

991
00:51:47.280 --> 00:51:49.320
<v Speaker 5>I'm in the field, it's time to go boots on

992
00:51:49.360 --> 00:51:51.760
<v Speaker 5>the ground. It's actually called boots on the ground. Is

993
00:51:51.800 --> 00:51:55.320
<v Speaker 5>it really important to be in the field these days?

994
00:51:55.480 --> 00:51:58.079
<v Speaker 5>It really is. You need to be out there just

995
00:51:58.199 --> 00:52:00.599
<v Speaker 5>kind of see what's going on of seeing.

996
00:52:00.880 --> 00:52:03.599
<v Speaker 2>What about their eyes? What kind of eye sight? I

997
00:52:03.639 --> 00:52:06.039
<v Speaker 2>know what? Various species to species. Some probably need their

998
00:52:06.039 --> 00:52:06.760
<v Speaker 2>eyes and low.

999
00:52:06.639 --> 00:52:09.639
<v Speaker 5>Leg that jumping spiders can see really well and in color.

1000
00:52:09.960 --> 00:52:12.719
<v Speaker 5>Many of them can see in color well. Spider's pretty

1001
00:52:12.719 --> 00:52:15.679
<v Speaker 5>good eyesight, but it's kind of more nocturnal and really

1002
00:52:15.760 --> 00:52:19.559
<v Speaker 5>kind of motion detection vision. Some blind cave spiders have

1003
00:52:19.599 --> 00:52:20.079
<v Speaker 5>no eyes.

1004
00:52:20.360 --> 00:52:21.000
<v Speaker 2>Who needs them.

1005
00:52:21.199 --> 00:52:23.599
<v Speaker 5>Lots of spiders have eight eyes, some have six, some

1006
00:52:23.719 --> 00:52:25.559
<v Speaker 5>have four, some have two, some have zero.

1007
00:52:27.039 --> 00:52:31.039
<v Speaker 2>Do they use all of those eyes for different things?

1008
00:52:31.280 --> 00:52:33.760
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, kind of for different things, like their principal main

1009
00:52:33.840 --> 00:52:35.880
<v Speaker 5>eyes in the front. They might use them to actually

1010
00:52:35.880 --> 00:52:37.800
<v Speaker 5>see things like a jumping spider, but then all the

1011
00:52:37.880 --> 00:52:42.800
<v Speaker 5>peripheral eyes are used to kind of detect motion around them.

1012
00:52:43.519 --> 00:52:47.239
<v Speaker 2>Can I ask you listener questions? Yes, okay, all right,

1013
00:52:47.320 --> 00:52:49.440
<v Speaker 2>so don't go anywhere because your questions are next. But

1014
00:52:49.480 --> 00:52:51.760
<v Speaker 2>first we'll donate to a cause of theologist choosing and

1015
00:52:51.800 --> 00:52:53.679
<v Speaker 2>this week in honor of Marshall is going to the

1016
00:52:53.760 --> 00:52:58.360
<v Speaker 2>San Diego State University Biodiversity Museum to support student stipends

1017
00:52:58.760 --> 00:53:01.599
<v Speaker 2>and the purchase of a quipment and supplies in their

1018
00:53:01.599 --> 00:53:04.800
<v Speaker 2>donation was made possible by sponsors. You're on the.

1019
00:53:04.760 --> 00:53:07.920
<v Speaker 1>Bus an hour from home in bumper to bumper traffic,

1020
00:53:08.039 --> 00:53:11.639
<v Speaker 1>creeping forward a few inches at a time, Someone's kids

1021
00:53:11.679 --> 00:53:16.840
<v Speaker 1>are screaming, and suddenly your back is too. Luckily, Panadal

1022
00:53:17.000 --> 00:53:20.239
<v Speaker 1>extra film coated tablets are boosted by caffeine and they

1023
00:53:20.239 --> 00:53:22.800
<v Speaker 1>get to work in as little as ten minutes for

1024
00:53:22.960 --> 00:53:26.679
<v Speaker 1>powerful relief. That's more than just paracetamol. That's one for

1025
00:53:26.760 --> 00:53:30.960
<v Speaker 1>Pana doll speed based on absorption data contains paracetamol. Always

1026
00:53:30.960 --> 00:53:32.440
<v Speaker 1>read the label or leaflet.

1027
00:53:34.480 --> 00:53:35.039
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1028
00:53:35.079 --> 00:53:37.400
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1029
00:53:37.440 --> 00:53:40.480
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1030
00:53:40.519 --> 00:53:43.159
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1031
00:53:43.199 --> 00:53:46.400
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1032
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1033
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1034
00:53:53.000 --> 00:53:57.440
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1035
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1036
00:54:01.199 --> 00:54:03.639
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1037
00:54:03.639 --> 00:54:04.239
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1038
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1039
00:54:07.400 --> 00:54:10.119
<v Speaker 6>on the same rate for energy all day, every day

1040
00:54:10.159 --> 00:54:13.039
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1041
00:54:13.239 --> 00:54:15.440
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1042
00:54:15.519 --> 00:54:17.920
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1043
00:54:17.960 --> 00:54:21.400
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1044
00:54:21.519 --> 00:54:24.360
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1045
00:54:24.159 --> 00:54:26.840
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1046
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1047
00:54:29.039 --> 00:54:31.320
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1048
00:54:31.320 --> 00:54:33.880
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1049
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1050
00:54:35.480 --> 00:54:38.320
<v Speaker 2>All right, let us burrow into the question bag and

1051
00:54:38.400 --> 00:54:42.559
<v Speaker 2>see what we catch. Okay, Courtney Hudson says, I remember

1052
00:54:42.800 --> 00:54:47.239
<v Speaker 2>hearing at some point or reading somewhere that on average,

1053
00:54:47.280 --> 00:54:51.039
<v Speaker 2>you're never more than eight inches from a spider. So

1054
00:54:51.199 --> 00:54:53.440
<v Speaker 2>I'd like to know if that's actually true or if

1055
00:54:53.440 --> 00:54:57.840
<v Speaker 2>I just made that up somehow. And then also, can

1056
00:54:57.880 --> 00:55:01.599
<v Speaker 2>we talk about micro spiders, because I want to know

1057
00:55:01.800 --> 00:55:07.760
<v Speaker 2>about them little cuties? What spiders? If you're outside, do

1058
00:55:07.800 --> 00:55:09.880
<v Speaker 2>you think you're around less than a foot from a

1059
00:55:09.920 --> 00:55:13.320
<v Speaker 2>spider at all times? No, I would say, no, okay,

1060
00:55:13.360 --> 00:55:14.599
<v Speaker 2>there's not that many spiders.

1061
00:55:15.039 --> 00:55:17.840
<v Speaker 5>No, it depends on where you are, but no, in California.

1062
00:55:17.960 --> 00:55:20.679
<v Speaker 2>No, okay, what about micro spiders? Are there tiny tiny

1063
00:55:20.679 --> 00:55:22.360
<v Speaker 2>spiders called micro spiders?

1064
00:55:22.360 --> 00:55:25.119
<v Speaker 5>Oh? Yeah, there's spiders less than a millimeter in size.

1065
00:55:25.159 --> 00:55:27.239
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, full grown.

1066
00:55:28.360 --> 00:55:32.119
<v Speaker 5>Full grown adults. Kind of ridiculous. In particular, there are

1067
00:55:32.119 --> 00:55:34.559
<v Speaker 5>some male spiders that are really small like that, and

1068
00:55:35.440 --> 00:55:37.639
<v Speaker 5>basically the male is just like, it's just kind of

1069
00:55:37.639 --> 00:55:38.840
<v Speaker 5>like a walking petipalp.

1070
00:55:40.760 --> 00:55:41.400
<v Speaker 2>Aren't they all?

1071
00:55:42.079 --> 00:55:44.880
<v Speaker 5>That's a walking intromittent organ.

1072
00:55:46.760 --> 00:55:51.280
<v Speaker 2>They got one job. I googled what's the world's smallest spider?

1073
00:55:51.480 --> 00:55:54.199
<v Speaker 2>And I landed on a Wikipedia page that was simply

1074
00:55:54.239 --> 00:55:58.480
<v Speaker 2>three sentences. I'd like to read them to you. Patoo

1075
00:55:58.480 --> 00:56:02.039
<v Speaker 2>marklessi is a species of small spider endemic to Samoa.

1076
00:56:02.920 --> 00:56:05.639
<v Speaker 2>It is considered the smallest spider in the world, as

1077
00:56:05.719 --> 00:56:09.159
<v Speaker 2>male legspan is less than half a millimeter. It also

1078
00:56:09.199 --> 00:56:12.039
<v Speaker 2>has the largest sex organs to body size ratio of

1079
00:56:12.079 --> 00:56:15.280
<v Speaker 2>any spider species, and the size of its sex organs

1080
00:56:15.519 --> 00:56:19.039
<v Speaker 2>tend to be a hindrance to mating rather than an advantage.

1081
00:56:19.840 --> 00:56:24.119
<v Speaker 2>What an emotional journey. Never underestimate a short king. Okay,

1082
00:56:24.239 --> 00:56:28.360
<v Speaker 2>we've talked about book lungs Ana, Dylan, Elie Snowden, Rachel

1083
00:56:28.440 --> 00:56:30.599
<v Speaker 2>McGill want to know why are their butts so big?

1084
00:56:30.639 --> 00:56:33.199
<v Speaker 2>What's in there? Is that where they hide all the

1085
00:56:33.239 --> 00:56:38.039
<v Speaker 2>web or the spider babies are. Why are their beautiful

1086
00:56:38.039 --> 00:56:41.840
<v Speaker 2>butts so large? Good question that.

1087
00:56:41.800 --> 00:56:44.199
<v Speaker 5>It is a good question. Yeah, not like a big

1088
00:56:44.199 --> 00:56:47.159
<v Speaker 5>adult female would be doing both. She would have her

1089
00:56:47.199 --> 00:56:50.119
<v Speaker 5>spider babies in there, and that's where all of our

1090
00:56:50.320 --> 00:56:52.599
<v Speaker 5>soap glands are. And of course if you're talking about

1091
00:56:52.599 --> 00:56:55.519
<v Speaker 5>an orb weaving spider, then they have multiple different types

1092
00:56:55.559 --> 00:56:58.440
<v Speaker 5>of soap glands. So their abdomen is technically just packed

1093
00:56:58.480 --> 00:57:02.639
<v Speaker 5>full of all these glands that are making silk proteins. Ah,

1094
00:57:02.679 --> 00:57:03.800
<v Speaker 5>that's pretty cool.

1095
00:57:03.840 --> 00:57:07.719
<v Speaker 2>It is very cool. It's just a silk factory housed

1096
00:57:07.760 --> 00:57:11.719
<v Speaker 2>in a dump truck abdomen. Now, Mother's Day just passed,

1097
00:57:11.719 --> 00:57:13.679
<v Speaker 2>but it's never too late to remind mom that one

1098
00:57:13.719 --> 00:57:17.840
<v Speaker 2>species of velvet arachnid, called the Indian cooperative spider, lives

1099
00:57:17.840 --> 00:57:21.559
<v Speaker 2>in a colony of mostly females working together to build webs.

1100
00:57:21.880 --> 00:57:24.920
<v Speaker 2>But a few weeks after their kids hatch, the mama

1101
00:57:25.000 --> 00:57:28.679
<v Speaker 2>liquefies her own internal organs to regurgitate them into her

1102
00:57:28.760 --> 00:57:31.760
<v Speaker 2>children's mouths. And she does this until she dies, and

1103
00:57:31.800 --> 00:57:34.119
<v Speaker 2>then the children hop on her dead body and drink

1104
00:57:34.159 --> 00:57:36.559
<v Speaker 2>the rest of her juice until nothing is left but

1105
00:57:36.639 --> 00:57:39.599
<v Speaker 2>an exoskeleton. Now, this is a testament to the strength

1106
00:57:40.119 --> 00:57:43.480
<v Speaker 2>of the biological inclination to care for young and also

1107
00:57:43.559 --> 00:57:47.480
<v Speaker 2>the absolutely exhausted urge to just cash it in and

1108
00:57:47.559 --> 00:57:50.360
<v Speaker 2>go to heaven when you have seventy five babies at once.

1109
00:57:50.800 --> 00:57:54.920
<v Speaker 2>So patrons Lisa Gorman and Mikaylae Shaughnessy in Mikayla's words,

1110
00:57:54.960 --> 00:57:57.960
<v Speaker 2>who asked, how much am I rooting their day when

1111
00:57:58.000 --> 00:58:01.360
<v Speaker 2>I accidentally sweep up their nests? Like, probably a lot.

1112
00:58:01.559 --> 00:58:04.639
<v Speaker 2>It's the only thing they live for. But to patrons

1113
00:58:04.679 --> 00:58:07.400
<v Speaker 2>Aaron White Day were Jesse and Devin, who all asked,

1114
00:58:07.400 --> 00:58:10.400
<v Speaker 2>in Devin's words, why do spiders have so many babies

1115
00:58:10.400 --> 00:58:14.599
<v Speaker 2>all at once? Well, it's because baby spiders are delicious.

1116
00:58:14.800 --> 00:58:18.239
<v Speaker 2>If you are a bird or a lizard or a fish,

1117
00:58:18.360 --> 00:58:21.079
<v Speaker 2>they are like popcorn chicken. You know who else eats you?

1118
00:58:21.159 --> 00:58:24.599
<v Speaker 2>If you're a baby spiderling your own siblings. It's worse

1119
00:58:24.679 --> 00:58:28.719
<v Speaker 2>than any prestige TV drama about family dynamics you'll ever watch. Like,

1120
00:58:28.760 --> 00:58:32.199
<v Speaker 2>a tarantula can have up to three thousand babies at

1121
00:58:32.239 --> 00:58:34.239
<v Speaker 2>a time and very few were going to make it

1122
00:58:34.280 --> 00:58:37.239
<v Speaker 2>to their own parenthood. But what if you're not so

1123
00:58:37.440 --> 00:58:41.039
<v Speaker 2>committed to juicing your own viscera for your babies and

1124
00:58:41.159 --> 00:58:43.679
<v Speaker 2>you're also a spider, so eating dogare for a living.

1125
00:58:43.719 --> 00:58:45.840
<v Speaker 2>And Christina Craft wanted to know what's up with having

1126
00:58:45.880 --> 00:58:48.320
<v Speaker 2>a backpack and made of your children? Some of them

1127
00:58:48.639 --> 00:58:50.920
<v Speaker 2>have live babies on their backs? What's going on with that?

1128
00:58:52.159 --> 00:58:54.719
<v Speaker 5>Yeah? I mean they're a good little they're good mothers.

1129
00:58:54.760 --> 00:58:58.239
<v Speaker 5>So like a wolf, spider will carry around her eggsac

1130
00:58:58.719 --> 00:59:01.840
<v Speaker 5>like a white disc for a long time, and then

1131
00:59:02.000 --> 00:59:05.039
<v Speaker 5>the spider leans will come out of that eggsack and

1132
00:59:05.039 --> 00:59:08.239
<v Speaker 5>then they crawl onto the female's back and do that

1133
00:59:08.320 --> 00:59:10.199
<v Speaker 5>for a couple more molts.

1134
00:59:10.599 --> 00:59:15.159
<v Speaker 2>And they don't eat each other. No, oh, some spiders

1135
00:59:15.360 --> 00:59:18.360
<v Speaker 2>snack on one another, right, they can do that? Yeah,

1136
00:59:18.719 --> 00:59:21.960
<v Speaker 2>after a good date. It can happen from what I understand.

1137
00:59:22.079 --> 00:59:24.800
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, I mean, yeah, that's kind of like famous. But

1138
00:59:25.159 --> 00:59:27.880
<v Speaker 5>I would say that that's the exception rather than the rule.

1139
00:59:28.599 --> 00:59:31.239
<v Speaker 2>So to Trista Algar who said, my girlfriend wants to

1140
00:59:31.280 --> 00:59:34.000
<v Speaker 2>know if there are cannibal spiders, the answer is hell, yes,

1141
00:59:34.360 --> 00:59:36.679
<v Speaker 2>but not all of them all the time. And to

1142
00:59:36.840 --> 00:59:41.039
<v Speaker 2>Danielle Napolitano, the story about black widows eating their males

1143
00:59:41.280 --> 00:59:43.760
<v Speaker 2>is not always true. They don't do it every time. Also,

1144
00:59:43.880 --> 00:59:46.599
<v Speaker 2>the females can be twice the size of the males,

1145
00:59:46.719 --> 00:59:48.920
<v Speaker 2>so the males is a little sneaky snack. Now, let's

1146
00:59:48.960 --> 00:59:52.239
<v Speaker 2>say that you're a red back Australian widow spider. If

1147
00:59:52.280 --> 00:59:55.440
<v Speaker 2>your male, only twenty percent of you will have a

1148
00:59:55.559 --> 00:59:59.320
<v Speaker 2>chance to mate. So when you follow the scent of

1149
00:59:59.440 --> 01:00:02.880
<v Speaker 2>other males spiders into a lady's web, you pluck on

1150
01:00:02.960 --> 01:00:05.320
<v Speaker 2>it like a harp. Some will do what's called a

1151
01:00:05.519 --> 01:00:10.360
<v Speaker 2>copulatory somersault and they land into the fangs of their bride. Yeah,

1152
01:00:10.880 --> 01:00:14.079
<v Speaker 2>she might meet you, but otherwise you would die a virgin.

1153
01:00:14.280 --> 01:00:17.360
<v Speaker 2>In this way, she gets to feast upon your body

1154
01:00:17.400 --> 01:00:20.679
<v Speaker 2>and make your shared babies. It's not all bad. Now,

1155
01:00:20.719 --> 01:00:24.280
<v Speaker 2>On that note, I found myself following some sex trail

1156
01:00:24.480 --> 01:00:29.400
<v Speaker 2>to a paper titled Spider behaviors include oral sexual Encounters,

1157
01:00:29.679 --> 01:00:32.840
<v Speaker 2>which detailed that quote. Our field and laboratory study of

1158
01:00:32.880 --> 01:00:38.400
<v Speaker 2>Madagascar Darwin's bark spiders uncovers a rich sexual repertoire that

1159
01:00:38.679 --> 01:00:44.199
<v Speaker 2>predictably involves cannibalism, genital mutilation, male preference for freshly molted

1160
01:00:44.280 --> 01:00:49.679
<v Speaker 2>tender females, and emasculation. Surprisingly, this species of male spiders

1161
01:00:49.960 --> 01:00:53.920
<v Speaker 2>also engage in oral sexual encounters. It then added that

1162
01:00:54.440 --> 01:00:59.000
<v Speaker 2>irrespective of a female's age or mating status, males salivate

1163
01:00:59.079 --> 01:01:04.000
<v Speaker 2>onto female gen tellia pre during and post copulation. So

1164
01:01:04.400 --> 01:01:06.800
<v Speaker 2>maybe that's how you don't get eaten. Everyone loves to

1165
01:01:06.960 --> 01:01:08.440
<v Speaker 2>hear a juicy story, that's right.

1166
01:01:08.559 --> 01:01:11.480
<v Speaker 5>They kind of love that sexual cannibalism, but it doesn't

1167
01:01:11.480 --> 01:01:12.079
<v Speaker 5>always happen.

1168
01:01:12.920 --> 01:01:15.840
<v Speaker 2>Roslin Hasby for Colin Hasby wants to know how do

1169
01:01:15.960 --> 01:01:18.719
<v Speaker 2>spiders poop just like anyone else. I guess, yeah.

1170
01:01:18.719 --> 01:01:21.760
<v Speaker 5>They have a little anal tubercle near their spinnerets, in

1171
01:01:21.800 --> 01:01:25.119
<v Speaker 5>between their spinnerets and behind them, and they just poop

1172
01:01:25.159 --> 01:01:27.679
<v Speaker 5>out generally a little kind of liquid gray poop.

1173
01:01:27.960 --> 01:01:31.400
<v Speaker 2>Oh, So it's not like frast it's not like little sand.

1174
01:01:31.559 --> 01:01:33.440
<v Speaker 5>No, it's not like No, it's not like a little

1175
01:01:33.960 --> 01:01:36.679
<v Speaker 5>mouse poop or anything. Okay, it's more liquid than that.

1176
01:01:37.679 --> 01:01:40.079
<v Speaker 2>In my office, I have an office that's a shed

1177
01:01:40.400 --> 01:01:43.960
<v Speaker 2>outside my house, and there are last count eight spiders

1178
01:01:43.960 --> 01:01:46.119
<v Speaker 2>that live in there. I check on them from time

1179
01:01:46.159 --> 01:01:47.519
<v Speaker 2>to time. They eat a lot of ants.

1180
01:01:47.960 --> 01:01:48.840
<v Speaker 5>Eight individuals.

1181
01:01:49.880 --> 01:01:52.000
<v Speaker 2>Say one over in that corner whenever in that I'm

1182
01:01:52.039 --> 01:01:54.000
<v Speaker 2>going to take some pictures, okay, because mostly I just

1183
01:01:54.000 --> 01:01:56.159
<v Speaker 2>see their webs and I go, thanks, man.

1184
01:01:56.079 --> 01:01:58.280
<v Speaker 5>Send them to me. I'll, okay, identify them for a

1185
01:01:58.280 --> 01:01:59.960
<v Speaker 5>fives hell yeah bye.

1186
01:01:59.760 --> 01:02:04.719
<v Speaker 2>But five bucks each Mega four four seventy five with

1187
01:02:04.800 --> 01:02:10.880
<v Speaker 2>a forty five cent tip. So patrons Moe and Tristan Falk, Yes,

1188
01:02:11.199 --> 01:02:14.559
<v Speaker 2>it is actually beneficial to have a little spider roommate

1189
01:02:14.760 --> 01:02:17.440
<v Speaker 2>for bug control. And no, Tristan, you have not been

1190
01:02:17.480 --> 01:02:19.559
<v Speaker 2>lied to. This is true. Now, if you live in

1191
01:02:19.599 --> 01:02:22.480
<v Speaker 2>parts of the country like the southeastern United States, you

1192
01:02:22.519 --> 01:02:26.880
<v Speaker 2>should familiarize yourself with local species, like know the body

1193
01:02:26.960 --> 01:02:29.239
<v Speaker 2>shape of a black and brown widow and check for

1194
01:02:29.320 --> 01:02:33.320
<v Speaker 2>the red or orange hourglass where a belly button would be.

1195
01:02:33.679 --> 01:02:38.280
<v Speaker 2>Know the tiny violin shape on a brown reclose google

1196
01:02:38.400 --> 01:02:40.960
<v Speaker 2>an Australian funnel web spider. And if you know the

1197
01:02:41.039 --> 01:02:43.880
<v Speaker 2>venomous ones, then it's easier to spot all the non

1198
01:02:43.960 --> 01:02:47.320
<v Speaker 2>threatening ones, which are the vast majority of spiders. And

1199
01:02:47.360 --> 01:02:51.400
<v Speaker 2>although last week's episode was about AI ethics, one feature

1200
01:02:51.599 --> 01:02:54.039
<v Speaker 2>you may not know about your phone or your other

1201
01:02:54.159 --> 01:02:57.400
<v Speaker 2>non iPhone phones is that it does have this very

1202
01:02:57.440 --> 01:03:01.800
<v Speaker 2>cool ability to identify species at least guess about the id.

1203
01:03:02.320 --> 01:03:04.159
<v Speaker 2>So you can take a picture of a spider or

1204
01:03:04.159 --> 01:03:05.960
<v Speaker 2>a plant or what have you, and you swipe up

1205
01:03:06.039 --> 01:03:08.199
<v Speaker 2>on the picture and the location will be on there

1206
01:03:08.280 --> 01:03:11.840
<v Speaker 2>as well as now an AI guess on the species.

1207
01:03:12.199 --> 01:03:15.360
<v Speaker 2>Try it. It's bonkers. I'm usually a friend that people

1208
01:03:15.440 --> 01:03:17.960
<v Speaker 2>text to ask what the hell bug is this? And

1209
01:03:18.079 --> 01:03:21.239
<v Speaker 2>I don't want people knowing about this phone feature because

1210
01:03:21.280 --> 01:03:23.000
<v Speaker 2>then no one's gonna ask me anymore, and I don't

1211
01:03:23.000 --> 01:03:24.639
<v Speaker 2>get to look it up, and then my off the

1212
01:03:24.719 --> 01:03:29.119
<v Speaker 2>cuff knowledge of bugs is no longer impressive to acquaintances,

1213
01:03:29.159 --> 01:03:31.079
<v Speaker 2>who texts me once a year with a bug question.

1214
01:03:31.440 --> 01:03:34.760
<v Speaker 2>But let's say you have a house spider on your

1215
01:03:34.760 --> 01:03:37.960
<v Speaker 2>hands or on your wall, which can be one single

1216
01:03:38.000 --> 01:03:42.400
<v Speaker 2>species with a common name house spider, or confusingly, can

1217
01:03:42.440 --> 01:03:44.400
<v Speaker 2>be one of a dozen or so at least in

1218
01:03:44.440 --> 01:03:48.119
<v Speaker 2>the US that are referred to casually as house spiders

1219
01:03:48.159 --> 01:03:50.199
<v Speaker 2>because they like to shack up with you where it's

1220
01:03:50.320 --> 01:03:53.599
<v Speaker 2>nice and dry, the rent is paid. So many of

1221
01:03:53.639 --> 01:03:57.159
<v Speaker 2>you Emma Henson, AA, Dylan, Jacob Shepherd, Denny Karina Reagan,

1222
01:03:57.360 --> 01:04:01.000
<v Speaker 2>Carrie Walker, Nita Chen, Hannah Gory, Caitlin Melndor, Derek Pelquin,

1223
01:04:01.239 --> 01:04:04.960
<v Speaker 2>Rachel Harshorn, Melanie matskar and Nisip Brillard and first time

1224
01:04:05.039 --> 01:04:07.599
<v Speaker 2>question asker Amber Hayes wanted to know in Amber's words,

1225
01:04:07.800 --> 01:04:09.800
<v Speaker 2>I heard that if you put a spider you find

1226
01:04:09.840 --> 01:04:13.320
<v Speaker 2>in your house outside, it's like a death sentence for them.

1227
01:04:13.440 --> 01:04:16.800
<v Speaker 2>Is this true? Aren't they from the outside? Amber Hayes,

1228
01:04:16.960 --> 01:04:20.119
<v Speaker 2>great question, and I'm sorry to say that, yes, somehow

1229
01:04:20.159 --> 01:04:22.800
<v Speaker 2>spiders just can't make it out there on their own.

1230
01:04:23.119 --> 01:04:26.519
<v Speaker 2>But if it's between that and squishing it, just put

1231
01:04:26.519 --> 01:04:29.159
<v Speaker 2>it outside. Maybe it'll find its way back in. But

1232
01:04:29.440 --> 01:04:33.079
<v Speaker 2>hide in your bookshelf better. Also, if you need the

1233
01:04:33.119 --> 01:04:36.480
<v Speaker 2>best device for grabbing bugs, there's a thing called a

1234
01:04:36.559 --> 01:04:40.039
<v Speaker 2>my critter catcher. It looks like a soft bristle brush

1235
01:04:40.079 --> 01:04:42.679
<v Speaker 2>and it's attached to a three foot pole so you

1236
01:04:42.719 --> 01:04:46.280
<v Speaker 2>can kind of gently scoop them up into the bristles

1237
01:04:46.599 --> 01:04:48.599
<v Speaker 2>and then walk outside with them.

1238
01:04:48.599 --> 01:04:52.119
<v Speaker 6>Grinter Catcher, let you safely grab those bugs without any

1239
01:04:52.159 --> 01:04:55.760
<v Speaker 6>fear and release them harmlessly outside where they belong.

1240
01:04:56.039 --> 01:04:59.760
<v Speaker 2>Okay, it sounds like mean, but for functionality and kindness

1241
01:04:59.800 --> 01:05:02.400
<v Speaker 2>to I give it a twelve out of ten. Every

1242
01:05:02.440 --> 01:05:06.079
<v Speaker 2>home needs one, and some homes do need spiders because

1243
01:05:06.079 --> 01:05:09.440
<v Speaker 2>they eat so many other bugs. Now, Dave Cannon said,

1244
01:05:09.519 --> 01:05:11.800
<v Speaker 2>I don't mind spiders. I think they're great, really, but

1245
01:05:11.920 --> 01:05:14.760
<v Speaker 2>how many are okay to keep secretly in the house?

1246
01:05:15.000 --> 01:05:18.280
<v Speaker 2>Don't tell my wife, now, Dave, get familiar with the

1247
01:05:18.320 --> 01:05:21.880
<v Speaker 2>venomous ones in your area, escort those outside, and keep

1248
01:05:21.960 --> 01:05:24.119
<v Speaker 2>as many around the house as you like. I think

1249
01:05:24.159 --> 01:05:26.159
<v Speaker 2>I just told your wife when you told me not to.

1250
01:05:26.280 --> 01:05:30.679
<v Speaker 2>But whatever. Now. Others had a sweet spot for spooters,

1251
01:05:30.840 --> 01:05:36.079
<v Speaker 2>such as patrons Natalie Parsons, Tamracatino, and Lucy Antonelli, who asked,

1252
01:05:36.320 --> 01:05:40.360
<v Speaker 2>how do I become friends with spiders? Honestly, here's my advice.

1253
01:05:41.000 --> 01:05:43.800
<v Speaker 2>Let them stick around and don't kill them is probably

1254
01:05:43.920 --> 01:05:46.880
<v Speaker 2>a good first step to any kind of diplomacy, and

1255
01:05:46.920 --> 01:05:49.960
<v Speaker 2>for more on that, you can see our recent Genocidology episode,

1256
01:05:50.039 --> 01:05:52.320
<v Speaker 2>which will link in the show notes and spoiler it's

1257
01:05:52.360 --> 01:05:55.880
<v Speaker 2>not about spiders now. Chan and Cody asked do spiders

1258
01:05:55.880 --> 01:05:58.679
<v Speaker 2>want hugs? And I dug into some research on this

1259
01:05:59.000 --> 01:06:02.199
<v Speaker 2>and it's no. But back to that hairiness, Batty Fat

1260
01:06:02.280 --> 01:06:06.880
<v Speaker 2>asked about their fur and Emma Kelly Brown, Jason Ganley,

1261
01:06:07.199 --> 01:06:10.159
<v Speaker 2>Body Fat, Jorn Fredberg want to know why are they

1262
01:06:10.199 --> 01:06:15.320
<v Speaker 2>so hairy? Now? That's not fur though, right, that's no SETI.

1263
01:06:15.280 --> 01:06:18.760
<v Speaker 5>Site Yep, A lot of them aren't. Some of them

1264
01:06:18.800 --> 01:06:20.920
<v Speaker 5>are like a wolf. Spider has quite a bit of

1265
01:06:21.000 --> 01:06:23.719
<v Speaker 5>setae that make them kind of look like that. But

1266
01:06:24.239 --> 01:06:26.559
<v Speaker 5>tarantula certainly has a lot of set that make them

1267
01:06:26.679 --> 01:06:30.119
<v Speaker 5>look kind of hairy, but certainly not an ubiquitous thing

1268
01:06:30.360 --> 01:06:34.400
<v Speaker 5>for spiders to be like that. And generally the case

1269
01:06:34.480 --> 01:06:38.320
<v Speaker 5>their cephalothorax has fewer hairs than the abdomen. The abdomen

1270
01:06:38.360 --> 01:06:40.480
<v Speaker 5>is generally covered with quite a few hairs that make

1271
01:06:40.519 --> 01:06:41.840
<v Speaker 5>them look kind of furry.

1272
01:06:42.079 --> 01:06:45.280
<v Speaker 2>And many spiders have a variety of sense organs, which

1273
01:06:45.519 --> 01:06:48.719
<v Speaker 2>was recapped by the twenty eighteen paper The Sensory Equipment

1274
01:06:48.719 --> 01:06:51.480
<v Speaker 2>of a Spider, a morphological survey of different types of

1275
01:06:51.519 --> 01:06:55.199
<v Speaker 2>sensillum in both sexes of ur ip Brunecci, and the

1276
01:06:55.239 --> 01:06:58.400
<v Speaker 2>paper says that they include structural ones to sense air

1277
01:06:58.480 --> 01:07:03.320
<v Speaker 2>movement and vibration, chemosensory organs that might aid with smell

1278
01:07:03.480 --> 01:07:06.440
<v Speaker 2>and taste, and some spiders have ears on their legs.

1279
01:07:06.599 --> 01:07:09.400
<v Speaker 2>One of those spiders is called an ogre faced spider.

1280
01:07:09.719 --> 01:07:13.159
<v Speaker 2>And despite yeah, having eyes like a lemur and hairy

1281
01:07:13.400 --> 01:07:17.280
<v Speaker 2>tusks like a walrus, calling them ogre faced is rude

1282
01:07:17.480 --> 01:07:20.119
<v Speaker 2>because they can hear you with their creepy legs. Now,

1283
01:07:20.159 --> 01:07:22.960
<v Speaker 2>as long as we're name calling, Stacy Pinkowitz wants to

1284
01:07:23.000 --> 01:07:26.559
<v Speaker 2>know thoughts on calling spiders bugs even though they're not insects.

1285
01:07:27.360 --> 01:07:28.159
<v Speaker 5>I'm against it.

1286
01:07:28.360 --> 01:07:30.760
<v Speaker 2>Okay, they're not bugs. Spiders are not bugs.

1287
01:07:31.000 --> 01:07:33.920
<v Speaker 5>Spiders are not bugs. Okay, most insects are not bugs.

1288
01:07:34.480 --> 01:07:36.840
<v Speaker 2>Oh because true bugs himistera.

1289
01:07:36.559 --> 01:07:38.679
<v Speaker 5>That's right, we really want to get into it.

1290
01:07:38.719 --> 01:07:40.880
<v Speaker 2>And then again, there are true spiders that are not called

1291
01:07:40.920 --> 01:07:43.119
<v Speaker 2>true spiders. We have a brand, major brand.

1292
01:07:43.320 --> 01:07:45.239
<v Speaker 5>That true spider thing is problematic.

1293
01:07:45.599 --> 01:07:48.679
<v Speaker 2>So true bugs belong to an order of insects called Hymiptera,

1294
01:07:48.960 --> 01:07:52.000
<v Speaker 2>which are shield shaped like a stink bug. And Patron's

1295
01:07:52.039 --> 01:07:55.880
<v Speaker 2>analyst young and tarantula lover Win Constantini asked about tarantula

1296
01:07:55.920 --> 01:07:58.199
<v Speaker 2>is not being true spiders, And yes that is technically

1297
01:07:58.199 --> 01:08:00.960
<v Speaker 2>true because their order is a get older and they

1298
01:08:00.960 --> 01:08:04.079
<v Speaker 2>have some anatomical differences. But once again this spider expert

1299
01:08:04.360 --> 01:08:07.280
<v Speaker 2>thinks that sucks. Also, patron INGVI wanted to know what's

1300
01:08:07.360 --> 01:08:10.320
<v Speaker 2>up with the word tarantula, and I'm glad you asked,

1301
01:08:10.360 --> 01:08:12.199
<v Speaker 2>because I didn't know what I got to learn. So

1302
01:08:12.599 --> 01:08:18.000
<v Speaker 2>first off, there aren't tarantulas in Italy, and as an Italian,

1303
01:08:18.039 --> 01:08:20.520
<v Speaker 2>I can assure you sometimes we are very stupid. But

1304
01:08:20.600 --> 01:08:24.039
<v Speaker 2>there's a wolf spider that inhabits the area of Taranto.

1305
01:08:24.239 --> 01:08:27.119
<v Speaker 2>It was named after the town because people thought when

1306
01:08:27.159 --> 01:08:29.319
<v Speaker 2>you were bitten by this wolf spider, you would get

1307
01:08:29.439 --> 01:08:32.920
<v Speaker 2>very bummed out and sometimes experience mania, and the only

1308
01:08:32.960 --> 01:08:35.199
<v Speaker 2>way to sweat out the venom was to dance a

1309
01:08:35.199 --> 01:08:39.039
<v Speaker 2>frenetic jig, which is why Italians dance around at weddings

1310
01:08:39.159 --> 01:08:43.119
<v Speaker 2>doing the tarantella. This is also where filmmaker Quentin Tarantino

1311
01:08:43.159 --> 01:08:46.199
<v Speaker 2>got his name as a descendant of folks from Taranto,

1312
01:08:46.359 --> 01:08:50.119
<v Speaker 2>And honestly, I can see him getting both depressed and

1313
01:08:50.199 --> 01:08:53.239
<v Speaker 2>also very energetic and happened to just wiggle it out.

1314
01:08:53.479 --> 01:08:57.079
<v Speaker 2>But yeah, there are some word origins with a side

1315
01:08:57.079 --> 01:09:02.399
<v Speaker 2>of eight legs. Tarantula's not called spiders. Not all bugs

1316
01:09:02.439 --> 01:09:03.760
<v Speaker 2>are true bugs.

1317
01:09:03.920 --> 01:09:05.880
<v Speaker 5>But like when I teach entomology and one of my

1318
01:09:05.880 --> 01:09:08.199
<v Speaker 5>students says I found a bug, I get kind of

1319
01:09:08.199 --> 01:09:11.000
<v Speaker 5>stoked because I think they're talking about a hemiptern. No

1320
01:09:11.520 --> 01:09:12.760
<v Speaker 5>luck sometimes no.

1321
01:09:14.560 --> 01:09:17.600
<v Speaker 2>Eating dog hair for a living Danny C and Moe

1322
01:09:17.880 --> 01:09:21.119
<v Speaker 2>want to know, are there any that are facing extinction,

1323
01:09:21.920 --> 01:09:24.960
<v Speaker 2>any that are in real dire straits or we probably

1324
01:09:25.000 --> 01:09:26.199
<v Speaker 2>wouldn't know because there's so many.

1325
01:09:26.439 --> 01:09:29.039
<v Speaker 5>There are spiders in the United States that are listed

1326
01:09:29.039 --> 01:09:32.399
<v Speaker 5>as US federally endangered. Yeah, I actually work on those.

1327
01:09:32.600 --> 01:09:35.960
<v Speaker 5>I'm kind of proud of my spider conservation work research.

1328
01:09:36.079 --> 01:09:36.840
<v Speaker 5>I do a lot of that.

1329
01:09:36.920 --> 01:09:38.520
<v Speaker 2>Which ones you want to shout them out?

1330
01:09:38.880 --> 01:09:41.840
<v Speaker 5>There are cave spiders in Texas, quite a few species

1331
01:09:41.840 --> 01:09:44.399
<v Speaker 5>that are only found in a single cave. There's actually

1332
01:09:44.439 --> 01:09:48.720
<v Speaker 5>a species called Sikurina boronia, which is from a single

1333
01:09:48.800 --> 01:09:52.800
<v Speaker 5>cave in downtown San Antonio. What that has now been

1334
01:09:52.880 --> 01:09:56.640
<v Speaker 5>covered with you know, concrete and culverts, and that species

1335
01:09:56.680 --> 01:09:59.600
<v Speaker 5>is almost certainly extinct, but you can't go into the

1336
01:09:59.600 --> 01:10:02.000
<v Speaker 5>cave any more, so we don't really know. That's kind

1337
01:10:02.000 --> 01:10:04.800
<v Speaker 5>of weird enough. Yeah, but there's a lot of Texas

1338
01:10:04.800 --> 01:10:09.039
<v Speaker 5>cave spiders that are endangered. And there's a special little

1339
01:10:09.359 --> 01:10:13.439
<v Speaker 5>micro tarantula that lives on mountain types in southern Appalasia

1340
01:10:13.520 --> 01:10:17.079
<v Speaker 5>that is also listed as endangered. And it's actually it

1341
01:10:17.119 --> 01:10:20.760
<v Speaker 5>lives in spruce fir forests on the very very tippy

1342
01:10:20.800 --> 01:10:25.079
<v Speaker 5>tops of mountains, and those spruce fir forests have declined

1343
01:10:25.279 --> 01:10:27.159
<v Speaker 5>because of invasive bugs.

1344
01:10:27.520 --> 01:10:30.479
<v Speaker 2>Well, according the paper assessing the impacts of balsam woody

1345
01:10:30.520 --> 01:10:34.600
<v Speaker 2>adulged and anthropogenic disturbance on the stand culture and mortality

1346
01:10:34.640 --> 01:10:37.640
<v Speaker 2>of Fraser fur in the Black Mountains, North Carolina, this

1347
01:10:37.760 --> 01:10:43.479
<v Speaker 2>small European wingless thing, and Adulga's name means invisible. It's

1348
01:10:43.560 --> 01:10:46.840
<v Speaker 2>actually not a bug. But we're going to forgive Marshall

1349
01:10:46.880 --> 01:10:49.680
<v Speaker 2>this time. We're all human, unless you're a spider who's

1350
01:10:49.680 --> 01:10:52.279
<v Speaker 2>like hate those balsam woody adulgens.

1351
01:10:52.680 --> 01:10:56.279
<v Speaker 5>So the forest kind of died off and that exposed

1352
01:10:56.560 --> 01:10:59.279
<v Speaker 5>the moss mats where the spider likes to live. But

1353
01:10:59.600 --> 01:11:04.319
<v Speaker 5>the kind of climate change scenarios for the future they

1354
01:11:04.319 --> 01:11:07.399
<v Speaker 5>don't bode well for that species. Oh man, this is

1355
01:11:07.439 --> 01:11:09.800
<v Speaker 5>going to get warmer and warmer, and then the forests

1356
01:11:09.840 --> 01:11:13.560
<v Speaker 5>that the spiders live in will actually go away mm hmm,

1357
01:11:13.760 --> 01:11:15.239
<v Speaker 5>and then the spiders might go away.

1358
01:11:16.319 --> 01:11:20.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so be kind to spiders. They've been through so much.

1359
01:11:20.840 --> 01:11:22.920
<v Speaker 2>But some species have been around for one hundred million

1360
01:11:23.000 --> 01:11:26.359
<v Speaker 2>years and evolution is an ongoing process, so we are

1361
01:11:26.439 --> 01:11:30.640
<v Speaker 2>rooting for them. What about pets spiders as pets? Shannon

1362
01:11:30.680 --> 01:11:33.199
<v Speaker 2>Cody wants to know do jumping spiders make good pets?

1363
01:11:33.800 --> 01:11:36.920
<v Speaker 2>Mouse Paxston wants to know if black widows are good

1364
01:11:36.960 --> 01:11:42.840
<v Speaker 2>pets in general? How do you feel about having pet tarantulas?

1365
01:11:43.479 --> 01:11:47.319
<v Speaker 5>Pet tarantulas are fine if the animals are bred in captivity,

1366
01:11:48.159 --> 01:11:51.720
<v Speaker 5>that's obviously a problem because they're often not, so then

1367
01:11:51.760 --> 01:11:57.000
<v Speaker 5>it becomes something that I'm strongly against. Obviously, people have

1368
01:11:57.399 --> 01:12:01.479
<v Speaker 5>pet bit of this jumping spiders that because fit if

1369
01:12:01.479 --> 01:12:03.960
<v Speaker 5>it's jumping spiders are big and they have a personality

1370
01:12:04.000 --> 01:12:05.600
<v Speaker 5>and they'll look at you. I mean, you have to

1371
01:12:05.640 --> 01:12:07.439
<v Speaker 5>be prepared for the fact that they're only going to

1372
01:12:07.520 --> 01:12:09.800
<v Speaker 5>live for a year or two, so they're going to

1373
01:12:09.880 --> 01:12:13.399
<v Speaker 5>die sooner or later. I mean black widows as a pet,

1374
01:12:13.479 --> 01:12:17.039
<v Speaker 5>that's it's interesting. They're actually really cool spiders.

1375
01:12:17.159 --> 01:12:18.039
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, they're beautiful.

1376
01:12:18.199 --> 01:12:21.119
<v Speaker 5>They are quite beautiful. But I don't know. If I don't,

1377
01:12:21.239 --> 01:12:23.600
<v Speaker 5>I wouldn't recommend it for everyone.

1378
01:12:24.119 --> 01:12:26.960
<v Speaker 2>You mentioned something about jumping spiders having personality. Gena Ninja

1379
01:12:27.039 --> 01:12:29.880
<v Speaker 2>LB wants to know if they have feelings or show personalities.

1380
01:12:29.960 --> 01:12:33.199
<v Speaker 2>Jacob Shepherd do spiders have personalities? Earl of Gramulcan Mouse,

1381
01:12:33.239 --> 01:12:37.159
<v Speaker 2>Paxton David the Altruistic Missanthrope and Vanessa Adams all want

1382
01:12:37.159 --> 01:12:40.279
<v Speaker 2>to know little tiny personalities that you notice.

1383
01:12:40.520 --> 01:12:43.359
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, no, for sure. Some people have actually studied whether

1384
01:12:43.399 --> 01:12:47.399
<v Speaker 5>or not individual spiders have different personalities. Yeah, that's the thing.

1385
01:12:47.640 --> 01:12:50.920
<v Speaker 2>And according to the twenty fourteen paper Animal Behavior Task

1386
01:12:51.000 --> 01:12:56.359
<v Speaker 2>Differentiation by personality in spider groups, the researchers support the

1387
01:12:56.439 --> 01:13:00.199
<v Speaker 2>idea that spiders have personalities. They looked at that in

1388
01:13:00.199 --> 01:13:02.800
<v Speaker 2>in cooperative spider that lives in colonies and share that

1389
01:13:02.920 --> 01:13:07.119
<v Speaker 2>quote certain individuals specialize in bringing the food while others

1390
01:13:07.279 --> 01:13:11.000
<v Speaker 2>rarely are never help out, which means, as spider's hypothesize,

1391
01:13:11.039 --> 01:13:13.960
<v Speaker 2>also talk shit about one another. And the paper continues

1392
01:13:14.039 --> 01:13:17.279
<v Speaker 2>with kind of a Carrie Bradshaw pondering what is it

1393
01:13:17.359 --> 01:13:21.760
<v Speaker 2>that predicts differential participation in this spider Individual personality is

1394
01:13:21.800 --> 01:13:25.840
<v Speaker 2>the answer. Individuals vary in their level of boldness and

1395
01:13:25.960 --> 01:13:29.840
<v Speaker 2>bolder spiders socialize in prey attack. What do the shy

1396
01:13:29.920 --> 01:13:33.039
<v Speaker 2>group members then do? And are the bold group members

1397
01:13:33.199 --> 01:13:37.680
<v Speaker 2>actually better at catching prey? These are still unanswered questions

1398
01:13:37.800 --> 01:13:41.199
<v Speaker 2>in social species. So yeah, when you kill a spider,

1399
01:13:41.560 --> 01:13:44.199
<v Speaker 2>you might be swatting at an asshole or like a

1400
01:13:44.239 --> 01:13:47.840
<v Speaker 2>really good guy. But speaking of culture, let's talk Australia.

1401
01:13:48.319 --> 01:13:50.640
<v Speaker 2>Jess See says, as an Australian, I wonder why we

1402
01:13:50.720 --> 01:13:54.359
<v Speaker 2>are so famous for our spider friends. Do Australian spiders

1403
01:13:54.359 --> 01:13:59.359
<v Speaker 2>deserve their reputation or are they unfairly maligned? And Nims

1404
01:13:59.399 --> 01:14:02.560
<v Speaker 2>wants to know why the preponderance of fvenomous spiders in

1405
01:14:02.640 --> 01:14:04.840
<v Speaker 2>Australia or big ones.

1406
01:14:05.199 --> 01:14:08.279
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, I wouldn't say it's a preponderance. It's just the

1407
01:14:08.399 --> 01:14:12.960
<v Speaker 5>fact that they have members of a particular family that

1408
01:14:13.039 --> 01:14:17.039
<v Speaker 5>happen to be venomous, and there's quite a few species

1409
01:14:17.119 --> 01:14:20.000
<v Speaker 5>of that family, so it's kind of like just a

1410
01:14:20.199 --> 01:14:23.840
<v Speaker 5>historical accident. It's really just members of that one family

1411
01:14:23.880 --> 01:14:26.560
<v Speaker 5>that are medically dangerous. So if you took that family away,

1412
01:14:27.159 --> 01:14:32.359
<v Speaker 5>the Australian spider fauna and overall is not atypically dangerous.

1413
01:14:33.000 --> 01:14:33.640
<v Speaker 2>It's just that.

1414
01:14:35.319 --> 01:14:37.399
<v Speaker 5>And they're big. You know, they're Sitney funnel web spiders

1415
01:14:37.399 --> 01:14:38.680
<v Speaker 5>and their relatives.

1416
01:14:38.560 --> 01:14:41.520
<v Speaker 2>And this is the family ultracity. And if you live

1417
01:14:41.760 --> 01:14:45.720
<v Speaker 2>in or are going to Australia, do some research on

1418
01:14:45.760 --> 01:14:48.119
<v Speaker 2>who the baddies are down there, because a funnel web

1419
01:14:48.159 --> 01:14:51.600
<v Speaker 2>spider in Australia can kill ya. I'm just being honest.

1420
01:14:51.840 --> 01:14:55.039
<v Speaker 2>Now in North America again, funnel web spider has the

1421
01:14:55.239 --> 01:14:58.680
<v Speaker 2>unfortunate same name, but they are harmless, little grass spiders

1422
01:14:58.680 --> 01:15:00.840
<v Speaker 2>that make tubes out of silk. It's like having the

1423
01:15:00.880 --> 01:15:04.279
<v Speaker 2>same legal name as a serial killer and it's not fair.

1424
01:15:04.600 --> 01:15:08.520
<v Speaker 2>But in the popular Zeitgeist listener, analist de Young suggested

1425
01:15:08.520 --> 01:15:11.560
<v Speaker 2>the nineteen sixty seven children's book Be Nice to Spiders.

1426
01:15:11.720 --> 01:15:16.039
<v Speaker 2>Jinga Ninja Lb said, please see the book Ah Spider

1427
01:15:16.399 --> 01:15:19.239
<v Speaker 2>by Lydia Monks to help your fears. And many people.

1428
01:15:19.359 --> 01:15:23.159
<v Speaker 2>Danielle Suscher, Blake Bairard Mack and Adam Weaver mentioned the

1429
01:15:23.199 --> 01:15:27.159
<v Speaker 2>book Children of Time by Adrian Tchaikowsky, and Adam said

1430
01:15:27.159 --> 01:15:30.119
<v Speaker 2>it's a beautiful sci fi novel and it involves some

1431
01:15:30.239 --> 01:15:33.640
<v Speaker 2>spider intelligence. Now, Timmy h and Emily Burns had Harry

1432
01:15:33.680 --> 01:15:38.079
<v Speaker 2>Potter admonishments for featuring a taless whip scorpion and calling

1433
01:15:38.119 --> 01:15:41.399
<v Speaker 2>it a spider. I also think that's egregious now. Patrons

1434
01:15:41.560 --> 01:15:45.640
<v Speaker 2>Rachel M and Amanik asked about the sweet sweet imagery

1435
01:15:45.680 --> 01:15:49.640
<v Speaker 2>of Lucas the Spider highly recommended Adorable Jumping Spider cartoon,

1436
01:15:50.039 --> 01:15:54.319
<v Speaker 2>and the Mary slav generously shared that years ago, I

1437
01:15:54.439 --> 01:15:57.479
<v Speaker 2>was bitten by a brown recluse on my scrotum, of

1438
01:15:57.520 --> 01:16:00.760
<v Speaker 2>all places, I never developed any spider power. Does that

1439
01:16:00.840 --> 01:16:04.239
<v Speaker 2>mean it was probably not radioactive? And other Spider Man questioned.

1440
01:16:04.239 --> 01:16:08.079
<v Speaker 2>Patrons such as and Jolly Himali and Andrew McVay wanted

1441
01:16:08.079 --> 01:16:10.560
<v Speaker 2>to know about spiders in the media. Is there any

1442
01:16:10.560 --> 01:16:13.239
<v Speaker 2>pop culture that gets it right? Charlotte's Webb, Children of Time,

1443
01:16:13.279 --> 01:16:18.199
<v Speaker 2>Harry Potter, Lucas Spider, Spider Man, anything that you go, Yeah,

1444
01:16:18.239 --> 01:16:18.720
<v Speaker 2>that's cool.

1445
01:16:18.960 --> 01:16:19.680
<v Speaker 5>Charlotte's Web.

1446
01:16:20.039 --> 01:16:20.479
<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

1447
01:16:20.560 --> 01:16:23.680
<v Speaker 5>It kind of portrayed the spider as something that was

1448
01:16:23.720 --> 01:16:29.640
<v Speaker 5>interesting and complex and partly intelligent and kind of beautiful.

1449
01:16:30.119 --> 01:16:33.840
<v Speaker 5>So I like that the best. Okay, she was very sophisticated.

1450
01:16:35.359 --> 01:16:38.359
<v Speaker 2>I think that it shed some light on how artistic

1451
01:16:38.399 --> 01:16:41.640
<v Speaker 2>the webs are. Yeah, yeah, and how friendly they can be.

1452
01:16:41.760 --> 01:16:44.159
<v Speaker 5>I think everyone should go back and read Charlotte's web.

1453
01:16:44.520 --> 01:16:45.479
<v Speaker 5>It's just really cool.

1454
01:16:46.039 --> 01:16:49.760
<v Speaker 2>I agree. What about Deborah L. Blanton wants to know

1455
01:16:50.319 --> 01:16:53.000
<v Speaker 2>how do spiders hear? Do they have a sense of hearing?

1456
01:16:53.720 --> 01:16:59.319
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, they have little, tiny, very sensitive hairs that respond

1457
01:16:59.399 --> 01:17:02.920
<v Speaker 5>to those mechanical stimuli. So yes, there have been studies

1458
01:17:02.920 --> 01:17:04.840
<v Speaker 5>that have been shown that they can use their web

1459
01:17:05.439 --> 01:17:06.800
<v Speaker 5>as like a gigantic ear.

1460
01:17:09.039 --> 01:17:10.199
<v Speaker 2>So the sound vibrations.

1461
01:17:10.279 --> 01:17:13.000
<v Speaker 5>Yah, yeah, I know exactly, that's pretty spectacular.

1462
01:17:13.079 --> 01:17:16.079
<v Speaker 2>That's amazing. Aki wants to know do spiders communicate with

1463
01:17:16.119 --> 01:17:18.880
<v Speaker 2>each other? If so? How a popsicle Emperor wants to

1464
01:17:18.880 --> 01:17:21.600
<v Speaker 2>know do any spider's connected bond with other spiders? I

1465
01:17:21.600 --> 01:17:23.760
<v Speaker 2>imagine they have to because they're spider babies everywhere.

1466
01:17:23.920 --> 01:17:27.880
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, sure they communicate. They communicate using vision, some of

1467
01:17:27.920 --> 01:17:36.359
<v Speaker 5>them they communicate using acoustics, sound vibrations, chemicals of multifaceted Yeah,

1468
01:17:36.399 --> 01:17:37.239
<v Speaker 5>they're communicating.

1469
01:17:38.119 --> 01:17:41.439
<v Speaker 2>Jenikamaki first time question asker asks if you've seen the

1470
01:17:41.560 --> 01:17:44.600
<v Speaker 2>picture of a big spider with a small frog and

1471
01:17:44.680 --> 01:17:47.720
<v Speaker 2>if they ever live in a symbiotic relationship. Have you

1472
01:17:47.720 --> 01:17:48.239
<v Speaker 2>ever seen that?

1473
01:17:48.960 --> 01:17:51.399
<v Speaker 5>Yeah? Yeah, I know there's a paper that talks about

1474
01:17:52.119 --> 01:17:55.560
<v Speaker 5>it's a South American tarantula and frog that have a

1475
01:17:55.600 --> 01:18:00.479
<v Speaker 5>symbiotic relationship. I believe it's a tarantula and frog, but yes, yeah,

1476
01:18:00.520 --> 01:18:01.079
<v Speaker 5>I love that.

1477
01:18:01.279 --> 01:18:04.880
<v Speaker 2>Please see the two thousand and eight study Commensalism in

1478
01:18:04.960 --> 01:18:09.319
<v Speaker 2>micro highland Frogs and megalomorph Spiders, which recounts that spiders

1479
01:18:09.319 --> 01:18:13.319
<v Speaker 2>and frogs, certain South Asian species that would normally fight

1480
01:18:13.760 --> 01:18:17.239
<v Speaker 2>and eat each other, were witnessed hanging out in the

1481
01:18:17.279 --> 01:18:21.720
<v Speaker 2>same burrow or living in the same tree hole. Why

1482
01:18:21.760 --> 01:18:26.199
<v Speaker 2>aren't these two fulfilling their evolutionary obligation of being enemies. Well,

1483
01:18:26.239 --> 01:18:29.159
<v Speaker 2>the paper notes that previous studies have found that certain

1484
01:18:29.199 --> 01:18:34.279
<v Speaker 2>tarantulas recognize frogs with some chemical cues, which prevents them

1485
01:18:34.279 --> 01:18:37.560
<v Speaker 2>from attacking this frog. They're like, this one's cool. The

1486
01:18:37.640 --> 01:18:42.840
<v Speaker 2>spider leaves some decaying remains of its prey, which attracts ants,

1487
01:18:43.079 --> 01:18:45.800
<v Speaker 2>and the frog eats the ants, and staying in the

1488
01:18:45.840 --> 01:18:48.720
<v Speaker 2>spider's burrow during the day keeps the frogs safe from

1489
01:18:48.880 --> 01:18:51.800
<v Speaker 2>the heat, and the frog eats the ants that would

1490
01:18:51.840 --> 01:18:55.079
<v Speaker 2>eat the spider's eggsact. So, yes, it's a commensal relationship.

1491
01:18:55.279 --> 01:18:58.319
<v Speaker 2>It benefits them both, But we can also call them

1492
01:18:58.319 --> 01:19:01.640
<v Speaker 2>best friends if we want, especially when the world feels

1493
01:19:01.680 --> 01:19:04.640
<v Speaker 2>like trash and we have to imagine them chilling in

1494
01:19:04.640 --> 01:19:08.359
<v Speaker 2>a hole together having a good time. Sebastian at Cheveri,

1495
01:19:08.720 --> 01:19:12.640
<v Speaker 2>who we have already spoken about. Sebastian's on here, wants

1496
01:19:12.680 --> 01:19:15.520
<v Speaker 2>to know weirdes spider go weirdest spider?

1497
01:19:19.399 --> 01:19:20.239
<v Speaker 5>Is this whole thing live?

1498
01:19:20.279 --> 01:19:21.199
<v Speaker 2>It's not no.

1499
01:19:23.279 --> 01:19:26.319
<v Speaker 5>Weirdest spider. I mean, spinning spiders are pretty awesome and

1500
01:19:26.439 --> 01:19:27.000
<v Speaker 5>kind of weird.

1501
01:19:27.439 --> 01:19:29.039
<v Speaker 2>Spitting spiders where are they spitting?

1502
01:19:29.800 --> 01:19:33.319
<v Speaker 5>They spit a combination of glue and venom. Oh if

1503
01:19:33.319 --> 01:19:35.239
<v Speaker 5>there were a lot of spitting spiders, or if spitting

1504
01:19:35.239 --> 01:19:38.640
<v Speaker 5>spiders were bigger, then they would be pretty scary.

1505
01:19:38.880 --> 01:19:40.840
<v Speaker 2>What happens with the glue and the venom?

1506
01:19:41.479 --> 01:19:46.600
<v Speaker 5>They spit sticky glue and immobilizes their prey. If you

1507
01:19:46.600 --> 01:19:48.920
<v Speaker 5>look at a slow mode video of the spinning spider,

1508
01:19:48.960 --> 01:19:52.159
<v Speaker 5>it's moving its challisserae like in a zig zag pattern. Huh.

1509
01:19:52.199 --> 01:19:53.960
<v Speaker 5>The glue comes out literally.

1510
01:19:53.640 --> 01:19:57.479
<v Speaker 2>Like this Marshall kind of motioned some finger guns and it.

1511
01:19:57.520 --> 01:20:00.000
<v Speaker 5>Just sticks to like a like a fly or something.

1512
01:20:01.239 --> 01:20:04.279
<v Speaker 2>It's a rad that's like a wonder woman.

1513
01:20:04.079 --> 01:20:07.319
<v Speaker 5>Like, yeah, exactly. The true spider man would be like

1514
01:20:07.800 --> 01:20:09.640
<v Speaker 5>a tarantula that has foot silk.

1515
01:20:10.000 --> 01:20:12.720
<v Speaker 2>Does it ever make you mad that Spider Man doesn't

1516
01:20:13.239 --> 01:20:14.279
<v Speaker 2>spin webs out his butt.

1517
01:20:16.359 --> 01:20:16.800
<v Speaker 5>Nope.

1518
01:20:17.239 --> 01:20:20.239
<v Speaker 2>Can you imagine a couple of spinnerettes down there, just

1519
01:20:20.279 --> 01:20:24.199
<v Speaker 2>a hole in his body suit? Well, that'd be so great.

1520
01:20:24.640 --> 01:20:27.079
<v Speaker 2>What's with his wrists? Can you have come out the

1521
01:20:27.079 --> 01:20:31.119
<v Speaker 2>other end? Baby, that's the business end of it. Toby

1522
01:20:31.159 --> 01:20:36.359
<v Speaker 2>Maguire's like, not, well, I'm playing Spider Man. Let's talk

1523
01:20:36.399 --> 01:20:41.600
<v Speaker 2>about repellance, some people said, Meghan Walker, Robin r Michael Anderson,

1524
01:20:41.680 --> 01:20:45.960
<v Speaker 2>Danielle at Napoleano, Clara Mauer, and Robert Odette. Robert has

1525
01:20:46.000 --> 01:20:48.920
<v Speaker 2>a boatload of catface spiders in the back of their

1526
01:20:49.159 --> 01:20:52.720
<v Speaker 2>rental home and flag staff. They keep knocking down webbs.

1527
01:20:52.720 --> 01:20:54.520
<v Speaker 2>Me and Walker wants to know. Is there actually some

1528
01:20:54.640 --> 01:20:57.520
<v Speaker 2>essential oil or other substances that act as spider repellent

1529
01:20:57.880 --> 01:21:00.000
<v Speaker 2>or do they not care about that stuff. I've heard

1530
01:21:00.039 --> 01:21:03.479
<v Speaker 2>that peppermint oil is not something spider's like if you

1531
01:21:03.560 --> 01:21:08.520
<v Speaker 2>wanted to aromatically discourage them from taking presidence in your

1532
01:21:08.520 --> 01:21:10.800
<v Speaker 2>ear canal or something.

1533
01:21:11.680 --> 01:21:14.079
<v Speaker 5>This is not something that I have done any research on.

1534
01:21:15.199 --> 01:21:17.279
<v Speaker 5>Not interested in repelling them.

1535
01:21:17.439 --> 01:21:21.279
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you're like, that's not a problem. I had come

1536
01:21:21.359 --> 01:21:22.119
<v Speaker 2>to my office.

1537
01:21:21.880 --> 01:21:25.359
<v Speaker 5>Hours riders interested in the opposite.

1538
01:21:24.760 --> 01:21:26.600
<v Speaker 2>And in case you were not, Marshall, I looked into

1539
01:21:26.600 --> 01:21:29.039
<v Speaker 2>this for you and according to the twenty eighteen paper,

1540
01:21:29.279 --> 01:21:34.199
<v Speaker 2>natural compounds as spider repellents factor myth. Volatiles released by

1541
01:21:34.279 --> 01:21:38.560
<v Speaker 2>mint oil and chestnuts may be effective into turring spider

1542
01:21:38.560 --> 01:21:41.680
<v Speaker 2>settlement in two different families of spiders. But lemon oil

1543
01:21:41.960 --> 01:21:46.319
<v Speaker 2>as a repellent is a myth. So roasted chestnuts, mint

1544
01:21:46.720 --> 01:21:49.359
<v Speaker 2>lemon cocktails. Maybe you're hungry. We're going to fix that

1545
01:21:49.520 --> 01:21:53.359
<v Speaker 2>because Ali Brown, Alan Ally and Julian and Hailey Kirby asked,

1546
01:21:53.359 --> 01:21:56.119
<v Speaker 2>in Haley's words, will spiders crawl into our mouths as

1547
01:21:56.119 --> 01:21:58.680
<v Speaker 2>we sleep? Or is this just an irrational fear? Have

1548
01:21:58.720 --> 01:22:01.119
<v Speaker 2>you ever heard the myth that you swallow eight spiders

1549
01:22:01.159 --> 01:22:01.439
<v Speaker 2>a year?

1550
01:22:02.159 --> 01:22:02.880
<v Speaker 5>I think I've heard that.

1551
01:22:03.079 --> 01:22:04.800
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. I don't know where they got that. That doesn't

1552
01:22:04.800 --> 01:22:05.600
<v Speaker 2>happen though, right.

1553
01:22:05.399 --> 01:22:06.319
<v Speaker 5>I think that's ridiculous.

1554
01:22:06.479 --> 01:22:08.479
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And if you need proof, you can see the

1555
01:22:08.520 --> 01:22:11.880
<v Speaker 2>twenty sixteen piece believing that humans swallow spiders in their

1556
01:22:11.920 --> 01:22:15.399
<v Speaker 2>sleep false beliefs as side effects of the processes that

1557
01:22:15.479 --> 01:22:19.079
<v Speaker 2>support accurate knowledge, which explains that there was a rumor

1558
01:22:19.520 --> 01:22:22.560
<v Speaker 2>that this rumor began in the early nineteen nineties as

1559
01:22:22.600 --> 01:22:26.279
<v Speaker 2>a columnist named Lisa Burgett Holst warned about the dangers

1560
01:22:26.319 --> 01:22:31.079
<v Speaker 2>of misinformation spreading the email and used this particular example

1561
01:22:31.119 --> 01:22:34.279
<v Speaker 2>as a sad illustration of how we sometimes do not

1562
01:22:34.439 --> 01:22:38.840
<v Speaker 2>use our brains to question pretty much anything. Now, twenty

1563
01:22:38.920 --> 01:22:43.039
<v Speaker 2>years after Snopes explained that and gave the source, Snopes

1564
01:22:43.079 --> 01:22:47.000
<v Speaker 2>confessed that they made up the journalist and that entire backstory.

1565
01:22:47.039 --> 01:22:50.920
<v Speaker 2>And in fact, Lisa burget Holst is an anagram for

1566
01:22:51.199 --> 01:22:53.520
<v Speaker 2>this is a big troll, And it was all in

1567
01:22:53.640 --> 01:22:56.840
<v Speaker 2>April Fool's Day prank that they waited decades to reveal.

1568
01:22:57.239 --> 01:23:00.000
<v Speaker 2>At the spider's expense, mind you, so please tell us

1569
01:23:00.000 --> 01:23:02.920
<v Speaker 2>everyone you know that you do not swallow any spiders

1570
01:23:02.960 --> 01:23:06.359
<v Speaker 2>in your sleep, probably every year, or you know, two

1571
01:23:06.479 --> 01:23:09.720
<v Speaker 2>per season. Oh, speaking of seasons. Trista Algar first in question,

1572
01:23:09.760 --> 01:23:12.760
<v Speaker 2>Asker and Sarah Meaden and Kieran want to know where

1573
01:23:12.760 --> 01:23:14.039
<v Speaker 2>do spiders go in the winter.

1574
01:23:14.439 --> 01:23:17.680
<v Speaker 5>Depends on their lifestyle. If they're a trapped or spider

1575
01:23:17.720 --> 01:23:21.000
<v Speaker 5>that lives for forty five years, they don't go anywhere chilling.

1576
01:23:21.159 --> 01:23:22.640
<v Speaker 5>They just do what they do. In fact, they like

1577
01:23:22.680 --> 01:23:24.920
<v Speaker 5>the winter. Like a California trap or spider. They live

1578
01:23:25.000 --> 01:23:27.640
<v Speaker 5>for the winter. During the summer, they actually take silk

1579
01:23:27.680 --> 01:23:30.760
<v Speaker 5>and they close their burrow. They seal it shut from

1580
01:23:30.800 --> 01:23:34.119
<v Speaker 5>the inside to kind of retain moisture. And they know

1581
01:23:34.199 --> 01:23:36.159
<v Speaker 5>that they're not really going to eat during the summer,

1582
01:23:36.359 --> 01:23:39.239
<v Speaker 5>so they live for the winter. But then like a

1583
01:23:39.239 --> 01:23:42.039
<v Speaker 5>little jumping spider that lives on the slopes of Mount

1584
01:23:42.039 --> 01:23:45.359
<v Speaker 5>Shasta that's covered in snow in the winter, Let's say

1585
01:23:45.399 --> 01:23:48.479
<v Speaker 5>they've made it in the spring, then there's little babies.

1586
01:23:49.039 --> 01:23:51.600
<v Speaker 5>The little babies are kind of getting bigger over the summer,

1587
01:23:51.640 --> 01:23:53.439
<v Speaker 5>and then when the fall comes, they just go down

1588
01:23:53.520 --> 01:23:56.520
<v Speaker 5>into the leaf litter or whatever and build a little

1589
01:23:56.560 --> 01:23:58.800
<v Speaker 5>silken cocoon and hunker down.

1590
01:23:59.359 --> 01:24:00.880
<v Speaker 2>They just chill in a sleeping bag.

1591
01:24:01.039 --> 01:24:02.800
<v Speaker 5>It depends on what their life history is.

1592
01:24:03.279 --> 01:24:06.119
<v Speaker 2>Man, if you could knit your own kevlar sleeping bag

1593
01:24:06.960 --> 01:24:07.960
<v Speaker 2>camp over winter.

1594
01:24:08.680 --> 01:24:11.279
<v Speaker 5>There are spiders that live on sand duns in California,

1595
01:24:11.680 --> 01:24:14.199
<v Speaker 5>and they during the day, they come out and they

1596
01:24:14.199 --> 01:24:16.239
<v Speaker 5>sit on the sand dune. But when it's time for

1597
01:24:16.279 --> 01:24:18.359
<v Speaker 5>them to go to bed, they flip on their back

1598
01:24:18.840 --> 01:24:22.000
<v Speaker 5>and they start spinning silk. They start spinning in a circle.

1599
01:24:22.520 --> 01:24:25.399
<v Speaker 5>They make a little sleeping bag, and then they actually

1600
01:24:25.520 --> 01:24:29.000
<v Speaker 5>pull it over themselves and then the sand just covers them.

1601
01:24:30.199 --> 01:24:31.039
<v Speaker 5>Isn't that radical?

1602
01:24:31.399 --> 01:24:34.680
<v Speaker 2>That's so cute? And speaking of hiding, Liz Cleland and

1603
01:24:34.760 --> 01:24:38.640
<v Speaker 2>Jeff Stumpo had reclusive questions. Do you have any myths

1604
01:24:38.680 --> 01:24:42.119
<v Speaker 2>about the brown recluse that you'd like to bust? Mary

1605
01:24:42.159 --> 01:24:44.239
<v Speaker 2>Slay says years ago, I was bitten by a brown

1606
01:24:44.279 --> 01:24:47.600
<v Speaker 2>recluse on my scrotum, of all places. I never developed

1607
01:24:47.600 --> 01:24:50.680
<v Speaker 2>any spider powers, which means it probably was not radioactive.

1608
01:24:51.079 --> 01:24:55.239
<v Speaker 2>But anything about brown recluse that you want to clear up.

1609
01:24:55.279 --> 01:24:59.159
<v Speaker 2>In the southern southeast United States, they are endemic there,

1610
01:24:59.199 --> 01:25:01.760
<v Speaker 2>but everyone freaks out whenever they see any spider that's brown,

1611
01:25:01.880 --> 01:25:05.800
<v Speaker 2>that's a brown recluse. Is it really the venom or

1612
01:25:05.960 --> 01:25:08.760
<v Speaker 2>is it a staph infection that'll get you from that?

1613
01:25:09.560 --> 01:25:12.600
<v Speaker 5>Oh? It's probably a combination of both. Okay, I mean,

1614
01:25:12.640 --> 01:25:16.079
<v Speaker 5>they certainly have chemicals in their venom that cause your

1615
01:25:16.119 --> 01:25:20.319
<v Speaker 5>cells to die. But most importantly, for people that live

1616
01:25:20.319 --> 01:25:25.239
<v Speaker 5>in the Western United States, there basically are none of

1617
01:25:25.239 --> 01:25:30.039
<v Speaker 5>those spiders. There are no established populations of those reckless spiders.

1618
01:25:30.399 --> 01:25:32.560
<v Speaker 5>There are native species that are found out in the desert,

1619
01:25:32.600 --> 01:25:38.439
<v Speaker 5>but those are not brown recluse. So effectively, all brown

1620
01:25:38.520 --> 01:25:42.520
<v Speaker 5>recluse bites that are diagnosed as such in the Western

1621
01:25:42.600 --> 01:25:46.600
<v Speaker 5>United States are misdiagnoses, and that's problematic because then you're

1622
01:25:46.640 --> 01:25:48.399
<v Speaker 5>not really doing what you should do.

1623
01:25:48.840 --> 01:25:51.279
<v Speaker 2>They're misdiagnosed because they're a skin infection of another.

1624
01:25:51.159 --> 01:25:53.680
<v Speaker 5>Kind, that's right, and then the treatment plan is not

1625
01:25:53.920 --> 01:25:56.960
<v Speaker 5>what it should be. Yeah, because it's not a reckless bite,

1626
01:25:56.960 --> 01:25:57.680
<v Speaker 5>it's something else.

1627
01:25:57.840 --> 01:26:00.000
<v Speaker 2>So many people think they get spider bites, but I understand,

1628
01:26:00.000 --> 01:26:01.319
<v Speaker 2>and a lot of those are just straight up staff

1629
01:26:01.359 --> 01:26:04.279
<v Speaker 2>infection from a cut exactly. Yeah, that happened to me

1630
01:26:04.359 --> 01:26:05.760
<v Speaker 2>Where I thought I got a spider bite. It turns

1631
01:26:05.760 --> 01:26:10.000
<v Speaker 2>out I was just hauling wood literally gave myself an infection.

1632
01:26:10.279 --> 01:26:14.119
<v Speaker 2>They went into my veins. Oh sorry, huge, huge PSA

1633
01:26:14.359 --> 01:26:16.920
<v Speaker 2>from your dad. Word, if you have a red welt

1634
01:26:16.960 --> 01:26:20.000
<v Speaker 2>on your skin and it's growing and it starts to

1635
01:26:20.119 --> 01:26:23.840
<v Speaker 2>trace up your veins, go to the er, like immediately,

1636
01:26:24.000 --> 01:26:26.399
<v Speaker 2>do not fuck around, do not find out, do not

1637
01:26:26.479 --> 01:26:29.640
<v Speaker 2>pass go drop what you're doing, because that can be

1638
01:26:29.720 --> 01:26:33.680
<v Speaker 2>a blood infection and you might need antibiotics. Now, it

1639
01:26:33.720 --> 01:26:35.920
<v Speaker 2>happened to me, But the point is that a lot

1640
01:26:35.920 --> 01:26:40.000
<v Speaker 2>of times spider bite air quotes is blamed when really

1641
01:26:40.119 --> 01:26:43.479
<v Speaker 2>you just have an infection from a nick or a scrape,

1642
01:26:43.560 --> 01:26:45.760
<v Speaker 2>and spiders are like, hey, here's an idea. Take a

1643
01:26:45.800 --> 01:26:48.039
<v Speaker 2>shower and clean your wounds and stop blaming us for

1644
01:26:48.079 --> 01:26:50.479
<v Speaker 2>your blood infections. I don't even touch you. But like

1645
01:26:50.560 --> 01:26:52.600
<v Speaker 2>people see a big welt in an infection, they think

1646
01:26:52.640 --> 01:26:54.399
<v Speaker 2>a spider must have done this to you, and it's like, no,

1647
01:26:54.840 --> 01:26:56.840
<v Speaker 2>you may be caught yourself on a fence or something.

1648
01:26:56.920 --> 01:26:59.279
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, it's a medical misdiagnosis problem.

1649
01:26:59.640 --> 01:27:01.760
<v Speaker 2>It's not. I'm telling you, spider. There needs to be

1650
01:27:01.760 --> 01:27:04.520
<v Speaker 2>more spider integration in our culture. There does, and the

1651
01:27:04.560 --> 01:27:07.840
<v Speaker 2>first thing is combating fear. So last listener question I

1652
01:27:07.880 --> 01:27:12.359
<v Speaker 2>have is Britney Ross, first time question asker, also an

1653
01:27:12.399 --> 01:27:16.199
<v Speaker 2>admitted arachnophobe. What are some qualities with spiders that are endearing?

1654
01:27:16.479 --> 01:27:18.720
<v Speaker 2>I have learned to find jumping spiders cute now they say,

1655
01:27:18.800 --> 01:27:23.279
<v Speaker 2>but help me love the less quote adorable spiders. Lauren

1656
01:27:23.399 --> 01:27:25.520
<v Speaker 2>RR says, besides raising the next generation to not be

1657
01:27:25.520 --> 01:27:27.880
<v Speaker 2>afraid of spiders, how can we help shift the narrative

1658
01:27:27.880 --> 01:27:31.680
<v Speaker 2>away from fear toward respect and appreciation. I will add

1659
01:27:31.800 --> 01:27:35.159
<v Speaker 2>that they so deserve, of course, literally fifty of you,

1660
01:27:35.279 --> 01:27:38.359
<v Speaker 2>gentle souls asked how to overcome your fear of spiders?

1661
01:27:38.359 --> 01:27:39.880
<v Speaker 2>But I'm going to shout out just the first time

1662
01:27:39.960 --> 01:27:43.279
<v Speaker 2>question askers Mark Payton, Jasmine si Rowan Tree, Helena, and

1663
01:27:43.319 --> 01:27:47.119
<v Speaker 2>Felix Cosmo. And here I would like to quote Chief

1664
01:27:47.199 --> 01:27:50.680
<v Speaker 2>Dan George of the Slawatu nation, who said, if you

1665
01:27:50.760 --> 01:27:53.399
<v Speaker 2>talk to the animals, they will talk with you and

1666
01:27:53.439 --> 01:27:55.560
<v Speaker 2>you will know each other. If you do not talk

1667
01:27:55.600 --> 01:27:57.800
<v Speaker 2>to them, you will not know them. And what you

1668
01:27:57.880 --> 01:28:02.920
<v Speaker 2>do not know, you will fear. What one fears one destroys.

1669
01:28:03.279 --> 01:28:06.720
<v Speaker 5>Well, I would just say that, I mean, everyone kind

1670
01:28:06.760 --> 01:28:09.199
<v Speaker 5>of needs to open their eyes to everything. It's kind

1671
01:28:09.199 --> 01:28:12.319
<v Speaker 5>of a general problem we have in our society. People

1672
01:28:12.319 --> 01:28:15.279
<v Speaker 5>are kind of too close minded right about everything. But

1673
01:28:15.760 --> 01:28:19.399
<v Speaker 5>I mean spiders they mostly eat insects. They're important in

1674
01:28:19.439 --> 01:28:23.760
<v Speaker 5>that way. Their silks are spectacular, strongest things ever, right,

1675
01:28:24.359 --> 01:28:28.000
<v Speaker 5>their strongest biomaterials known to man. Just crazy. They have

1676
01:28:28.079 --> 01:28:32.039
<v Speaker 5>intricate biologies. You just have to want to learn a

1677
01:28:32.079 --> 01:28:34.840
<v Speaker 5>little bit more about all spiders. And once you start

1678
01:28:34.920 --> 01:28:37.520
<v Speaker 5>learning more about them, they're They're cool animals that have

1679
01:28:38.159 --> 01:28:39.439
<v Speaker 5>really cool lifestyles.

1680
01:28:39.800 --> 01:28:44.880
<v Speaker 2>I think the less anthrocentric we are, perhaps we start

1681
01:28:44.920 --> 01:28:46.680
<v Speaker 2>thinking of what is the spider going to do to

1682
01:28:46.720 --> 01:28:49.399
<v Speaker 2>me that spider probably doesn't give a shit about you

1683
01:28:49.520 --> 01:28:51.439
<v Speaker 2>unless it thinks you're going to kill it, right.

1684
01:28:51.640 --> 01:28:53.960
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, no, that's exactly right. You just have to kind

1685
01:28:53.960 --> 01:28:56.359
<v Speaker 5>of think of them as little animals doing their thing, right,

1686
01:28:56.399 --> 01:29:01.319
<v Speaker 5>and then they're doing their thing and much interesting ways,

1687
01:29:01.920 --> 01:29:04.279
<v Speaker 5>using silk in particular the cool.

1688
01:29:04.880 --> 01:29:06.319
<v Speaker 2>Just appreciate them as critters.

1689
01:29:06.479 --> 01:29:09.319
<v Speaker 5>Yeah right. If you have to say what good do

1690
01:29:09.359 --> 01:29:11.760
<v Speaker 5>they do for humanity? Which I don't think you have to.

1691
01:29:11.840 --> 01:29:16.079
<v Speaker 5>You can just appreciate them for themselves. But for humanity,

1692
01:29:16.479 --> 01:29:20.079
<v Speaker 5>they are providing all of this natural insect biocontrol. That's

1693
01:29:20.119 --> 01:29:22.960
<v Speaker 5>what they do. They eat insects, But beyond that, they

1694
01:29:22.960 --> 01:29:25.720
<v Speaker 5>make these silks that we can use for other things.

1695
01:29:26.000 --> 01:29:28.960
<v Speaker 5>And they're actually their venoms are actually used for therapeutics.

1696
01:29:29.000 --> 01:29:32.680
<v Speaker 5>So they have a lot of potential to directly impact

1697
01:29:32.800 --> 01:29:36.439
<v Speaker 5>humanity positively. We just have to be open to it.

1698
01:29:36.880 --> 01:29:39.039
<v Speaker 2>Not to mention what would Halloween be without them? Come on,

1699
01:29:39.920 --> 01:29:43.039
<v Speaker 2>it's my favorite, my favorite Spider season. What about the one?

1700
01:29:43.199 --> 01:29:45.199
<v Speaker 2>Last two questions? I always ask the hardest thing about

1701
01:29:45.199 --> 01:29:48.560
<v Speaker 2>your job, most annoying thing about being an aerachnologist. It

1702
01:29:48.560 --> 01:29:50.600
<v Speaker 2>could be anything. It can be petty. It can be big.

1703
01:29:51.000 --> 01:29:53.760
<v Speaker 2>It could be the fact that people hate spiders. Whatever.

1704
01:29:54.399 --> 01:29:57.159
<v Speaker 5>I don't see it that way. Yeah, yeah, I have

1705
01:29:57.199 --> 01:29:57.920
<v Speaker 5>an awesome job.

1706
01:29:58.319 --> 01:30:00.439
<v Speaker 2>There's got to be one thing. I ask you your

1707
01:30:00.439 --> 01:30:02.439
<v Speaker 2>favorite after this, But there's got to be one thing

1708
01:30:02.479 --> 01:30:05.119
<v Speaker 2>that sucks about your job. Is it parking on campus?

1709
01:30:05.159 --> 01:30:07.319
<v Speaker 2>Because that's what I think sucks the most about your job.

1710
01:30:09.920 --> 01:30:12.600
<v Speaker 5>I don't like to complain about my position. I'm very fortunate.

1711
01:30:13.239 --> 01:30:14.399
<v Speaker 5>I don't see it that way.

1712
01:30:14.560 --> 01:30:17.199
<v Speaker 2>Sorry, Now, I love not a single complaint from someone

1713
01:30:17.239 --> 01:30:20.359
<v Speaker 2>who works with spiders. This is the first time in

1714
01:30:20.479 --> 01:30:23.000
<v Speaker 2>three hundred and fifty episodes anyone's ever said I don't

1715
01:30:23.000 --> 01:30:25.439
<v Speaker 2>have a single complaint, and you're the guy that works

1716
01:30:25.720 --> 01:30:28.159
<v Speaker 2>with spiders. I think that should tell people a lot

1717
01:30:28.520 --> 01:30:32.159
<v Speaker 2>that you're not like I hate it when spiders assault

1718
01:30:32.199 --> 01:30:32.760
<v Speaker 2>me in some way.

1719
01:30:32.920 --> 01:30:34.920
<v Speaker 5>Doesn't hap well, that doesn't happen to me. And if

1720
01:30:34.960 --> 01:30:38.439
<v Speaker 5>people don't like spiders, that doesn't annoy me. I mean,

1721
01:30:38.640 --> 01:30:41.199
<v Speaker 5>I think it's like an opportunity for me to maybe

1722
01:30:41.399 --> 01:30:43.560
<v Speaker 5>help them get over that. I don't get upset about

1723
01:30:43.560 --> 01:30:44.279
<v Speaker 5>that kind of stuff.

1724
01:30:44.439 --> 01:30:46.640
<v Speaker 2>You're a bigger person than me, because if someone doesn't

1725
01:30:46.680 --> 01:30:48.840
<v Speaker 2>like spiders, I feel like I want to sit them

1726
01:30:48.840 --> 01:30:52.479
<v Speaker 2>down and lecture. What about your favorite thing?

1727
01:30:52.920 --> 01:30:55.319
<v Speaker 5>My favorite thing about my job? H I mean I

1728
01:30:55.359 --> 01:30:57.680
<v Speaker 5>love I kind of love everything about it. I get

1729
01:30:57.720 --> 01:30:59.640
<v Speaker 5>to go into the field a lot, and the field

1730
01:30:59.720 --> 01:31:02.640
<v Speaker 5>is wonderful. I really like to teach, so I get

1731
01:31:02.680 --> 01:31:05.279
<v Speaker 5>to teach a lot in my position. It's inspiring for

1732
01:31:05.399 --> 01:31:08.359
<v Speaker 5>me to try to inspire other people. Kind of a

1733
01:31:08.399 --> 01:31:15.000
<v Speaker 5>beautiful thing. Fundamentally. I love learning about biodiversity. I kind

1734
01:31:15.039 --> 01:31:17.840
<v Speaker 5>of think of it as I'm trying to explore and

1735
01:31:17.920 --> 01:31:23.079
<v Speaker 5>discover and describe the biological world around me. Really not

1736
01:31:23.279 --> 01:31:26.800
<v Speaker 5>for people, but for like this greater thing. It's weird.

1737
01:31:26.800 --> 01:31:28.399
<v Speaker 5>I don't know how to describe it.

1738
01:31:29.039 --> 01:31:30.880
<v Speaker 2>That's an important purpose, right.

1739
01:31:30.680 --> 01:31:33.680
<v Speaker 5>I like a if there was like a spider god,

1740
01:31:34.479 --> 01:31:39.359
<v Speaker 5>they would smile upon my actions. Yeah. I think it

1741
01:31:39.439 --> 01:31:42.279
<v Speaker 5>is really important to kind of learn stuff now and

1742
01:31:42.439 --> 01:31:45.159
<v Speaker 5>pass it on to the next generation. And it's not

1743
01:31:45.239 --> 01:31:49.039
<v Speaker 5>even that. It's just kind of telling the stories of

1744
01:31:49.039 --> 01:31:52.199
<v Speaker 5>the spiders that the spiders can't tell the stories themselves,

1745
01:31:52.199 --> 01:31:54.680
<v Speaker 5>so I kind of help the spiders tell their story.

1746
01:31:55.079 --> 01:31:58.479
<v Speaker 2>It's beautiful that you're an advocate and that you're literally

1747
01:31:58.520 --> 01:31:59.520
<v Speaker 2>helping them be seen.

1748
01:32:00.039 --> 01:32:02.359
<v Speaker 5>Yeah, no, exactly, that's it helping them be seen, right,

1749
01:32:02.600 --> 01:32:04.920
<v Speaker 5>Like there's a new species that lives up by Kernville,

1750
01:32:04.960 --> 01:32:07.039
<v Speaker 5>but no one knew about it, But now they know

1751
01:32:07.079 --> 01:32:09.600
<v Speaker 5>about it because I kind of I found them and

1752
01:32:10.560 --> 01:32:11.600
<v Speaker 5>wrote a paper about them.

1753
01:32:11.920 --> 01:32:13.560
<v Speaker 2>You are the pr that they need.

1754
01:32:13.800 --> 01:32:16.680
<v Speaker 5>That's right, That's right, And it's not about me. That's

1755
01:32:16.720 --> 01:32:18.279
<v Speaker 5>That's the other thing I don't I don't really care.

1756
01:32:18.399 --> 01:32:21.960
<v Speaker 5>I mean, I don't do this for myself. I'm doing

1757
01:32:22.000 --> 01:32:25.560
<v Speaker 5>it for this this greater good, right. But I'm really

1758
01:32:25.600 --> 01:32:29.000
<v Speaker 5>fortunate to have a job that allows me to do that. Well.

1759
01:32:29.119 --> 01:32:31.680
<v Speaker 2>Same, I'm lucky that I get to tell people about

1760
01:32:31.680 --> 01:32:35.920
<v Speaker 2>what you know about spiders. They appreciate them. I'm going

1761
01:32:36.000 --> 01:32:38.319
<v Speaker 2>to send you some pictures of the spiders that cohabitate

1762
01:32:38.319 --> 01:32:40.600
<v Speaker 2>in my office. Okay, I'll let you know who's in.

1763
01:32:40.560 --> 01:32:46.560
<v Speaker 5>There chain then mo for me. That's right. Find as

1764
01:32:46.600 --> 01:32:47.199
<v Speaker 5>many as you want.

1765
01:32:51.199 --> 01:32:55.319
<v Speaker 2>So ask spider people, not smart questions, because oh the stories.

1766
01:32:55.520 --> 01:32:59.479
<v Speaker 2>You thought a spider was an anonymous little being invented

1767
01:32:59.479 --> 01:33:02.680
<v Speaker 2>by Ghoul to destroy your sanity. But the joke's on

1768
01:33:02.720 --> 01:33:06.800
<v Speaker 2>you because they are vast, colorful, cute, smart, and they

1769
01:33:06.840 --> 01:33:11.039
<v Speaker 2>eat roaches for you. And ninety nine point nine eight

1770
01:33:11.079 --> 01:33:14.520
<v Speaker 2>percent of them are harmless if I did that math

1771
01:33:14.640 --> 01:33:17.319
<v Speaker 2>right now. You can find out more about doctor Hadeen

1772
01:33:17.520 --> 01:33:19.279
<v Speaker 2>at the links in the show notes, as well as

1773
01:33:19.279 --> 01:33:21.880
<v Speaker 2>the cause he chose. We are at ologies on Blue

1774
01:33:21.880 --> 01:33:24.600
<v Speaker 2>Sky and Instagram. I'm Ali Ward with one L on both,

1775
01:33:24.880 --> 01:33:27.079
<v Speaker 2>and we do have those shorter kid friendly episodes called

1776
01:33:27.119 --> 01:33:29.800
<v Speaker 2>Smologies in their own feed, which is linked in the

1777
01:33:29.800 --> 01:33:32.279
<v Speaker 2>show notes. You can get merch at ologiesmerch dot com,

1778
01:33:32.279 --> 01:33:34.399
<v Speaker 2>and to submit your questions before we record, you can

1779
01:33:34.439 --> 01:33:37.199
<v Speaker 2>sign up at patreon dot com Sashologies. Thank you to

1780
01:33:37.399 --> 01:33:40.520
<v Speaker 2>BFFs and s Kindergarten, Aaron Talbert for admitting Theologies podcast

1781
01:33:40.520 --> 01:33:43.199
<v Speaker 2>Facebook group, and her and Bonnie Dutch and Shannon Feltis

1782
01:33:43.239 --> 01:33:45.520
<v Speaker 2>for their support as I'm off to shoot tomorrow. Aveline

1783
01:33:45.520 --> 01:33:48.680
<v Speaker 2>Malick makes the professional transcripts Kelly ar Dwired does a website.

1784
01:33:48.760 --> 01:33:52.199
<v Speaker 2>Noel Dilworth is our nimble scheduling producer. Susan Hale our

1785
01:33:52.199 --> 01:33:55.079
<v Speaker 2>managing director. Overseas it all with only two eyes. Jake

1786
01:33:55.159 --> 01:33:58.159
<v Speaker 2>Chafe weaves it all together as an editor and slinging

1787
01:33:58.159 --> 01:34:01.960
<v Speaker 2>the sticky bits is lead editor Mercedes Maitland of Maitland Audio.

1788
01:34:02.199 --> 01:34:04.560
<v Speaker 2>Nick Thorburn wrote art theme music, And if you stick

1789
01:34:04.600 --> 01:34:06.399
<v Speaker 2>around it till the very end of the episode, I

1790
01:34:06.479 --> 01:34:08.520
<v Speaker 2>tell you secret. This week, I will tell you that

1791
01:34:08.560 --> 01:34:12.039
<v Speaker 2>I just got back from rehearsal tonight at thirty Rock

1792
01:34:12.279 --> 01:34:14.520
<v Speaker 2>and which, by the way, I got into a cab

1793
01:34:14.560 --> 01:34:17.079
<v Speaker 2>and I was like, is it thirty Rockefeller Center or

1794
01:34:17.119 --> 01:34:18.840
<v Speaker 2>is it just called thirty Rock? I don't know how

1795
01:34:18.840 --> 01:34:20.680
<v Speaker 2>to tell, So I was like, thirty Rock, And then

1796
01:34:20.720 --> 01:34:22.359
<v Speaker 2>I was like, is that douchey, like when people call

1797
01:34:22.399 --> 01:34:25.760
<v Speaker 2>San Francisco Frisco. I don't know. Don't tell me because

1798
01:34:25.800 --> 01:34:27.840
<v Speaker 2>I can't change it now. Then anyway, I was at

1799
01:34:28.079 --> 01:34:30.520
<v Speaker 2>thirty Rockefeller or whatever. I was at the studios and

1800
01:34:30.560 --> 01:34:33.199
<v Speaker 2>I was practicing and stuff, and I spent also the

1801
01:34:33.279 --> 01:34:37.840
<v Speaker 2>day holding this huge taless whip scorpion and mantids and

1802
01:34:37.880 --> 01:34:42.319
<v Speaker 2>these little tiny fast roaches, and tomorrow I'll be handling

1803
01:34:42.319 --> 01:34:45.119
<v Speaker 2>a tarantula too. And if you asked me if I

1804
01:34:45.159 --> 01:34:50.920
<v Speaker 2>would rather have giant, leggy, spiny insects and spiders on

1805
01:34:50.960 --> 01:34:55.359
<v Speaker 2>my skin on essentially live TV, or sing karaoke in

1806
01:34:55.479 --> 01:34:58.479
<v Speaker 2>any random bar, it would be the roaches and the

1807
01:34:58.520 --> 01:35:04.319
<v Speaker 2>spiders on me. On television. Karaoke terrifies me. Can't do it.

1808
01:35:04.359 --> 01:35:06.439
<v Speaker 2>Which means I should do it and I should get

1809
01:35:06.479 --> 01:35:09.079
<v Speaker 2>it over with. That is the lesson we learned today. Okay,

1810
01:35:09.239 --> 01:35:11.720
<v Speaker 2>thank you for being here. You did great. All right,

1811
01:35:11.760 --> 01:35:25.279
<v Speaker 2>but right pacodermatology, hobology, cryptozoology, lithology, technology, meteorology, feratology, anthology, seriology, selology.

1812
01:35:31.159 --> 01:35:32.079
<v Speaker 2>Trust me, Wilbur.

1813
01:35:32.319 --> 01:35:33.640
<v Speaker 3>People are very gullible.

1814
01:35:33.840 --> 01:35:36.199
<v Speaker 1>They'll believe anything they see in print.

1815
01:35:36.479 --> 01:35:37.479
<v Speaker 7>Hey Mark, how are you?

1816
01:35:38.159 --> 01:35:40.399
<v Speaker 5>I'm not great sore throat.

1817
01:35:41.239 --> 01:35:42.800
<v Speaker 1>I think I'm coming down to cold.

1818
01:35:43.000 --> 01:35:46.079
<v Speaker 7>Oh no, you should try a Vogel sore throat spray.

1819
01:35:46.319 --> 01:35:49.039
<v Speaker 7>It's a natural remedy. With ecination and stage I can

1820
01:35:49.079 --> 01:35:51.840
<v Speaker 7>treat symptoms of coals and flus, including source throats.

1821
01:35:52.039 --> 01:35:52.479
<v Speaker 4>Perfect.

1822
01:35:52.840 --> 01:35:53.840
<v Speaker 5>I give that a try.

1823
01:35:53.880 --> 01:35:56.720
<v Speaker 7>So we leave soort throats symptoms with a vogel A

1824
01:35:56.800 --> 01:36:01.039
<v Speaker 7>Quena four sore throat spray made from Echinaesia sage herbs

1825
01:36:01.079 --> 01:36:04.479
<v Speaker 7>and designed to reach irritated parts of the throat, available

1826
01:36:04.479 --> 01:36:08.479
<v Speaker 7>from health stores and pharmacies nationwide. Always read the leaflet.