Speaker 1: Welcome to Bedtime Astronomy. Explore the wonders of the cosmos
Speaker 1: with our soothing Bedtime Astronomy podcast. Each episode offers a
Speaker 1: gentle journey through the stars, planets, and beyond, perfect for
Speaker 1: unwinding after a long day. Let's travel through the mysteries
Speaker 1: of the universe as you drift off into a peaceful
Speaker 1: slumber under the night sky. Black holes inherit magnetic might
Speaker 1: from stellar parents, simulations reveal. Four years, astronomers have pondered
Speaker 1: the origins of the powerful magnetic fields observed around black holes.
Speaker 1: These invisible behemoths formed by the collapse of massive stars
Speaker 1: are known to possess immense magnetic forces that can twist
Speaker 1: and accelerate surrounding matter. However, the exact mechanisms behind this
Speaker 1: magnetism remained a mystery. New research utilizing powerful computer simulations
Speaker 1: sheds light on this cosmic puzzle, suggesting that black holes
Speaker 1: inherit their magnetic prowess from their stellar ancestors. The study,
Speaker 1: published in the journal Nature, employed sophisticated simulations to recreate
Speaker 1: the final moments of a massive star's life. As the
Speaker 1: star nears its inevitable collapse, its core undergoes a dramatic transformation.
Speaker 1: Nuclear fusion ceases and the star's immense gravity takes over,
Speaker 1: crushing the core into an incredibly dense object known as
Speaker 1: a neutron star. However, if the star is sufficiently massive,
Speaker 1: the collapse doesn't stop there. The immense gravitational forces overpower
Speaker 1: even the neutrons, leading to the formation of a singularity,
Speaker 1: a point of infinite density and gravity shrouded by an
Speaker 1: event horizon, the point of no return for matter and light.
Speaker 1: This monstrous entity is what we call a black hole.
Speaker 1: The simulations focused on a crucial aspect of this stellar
Speaker 1: death throw, the fate of the star's magnetic field. Prior
Speaker 1: to collapse. The star possesses a large scale magnetic field
Speaker 1: generated by churning currents of electrically charged gas within its core.
Speaker 1: The researchers meticulously track the behavior of this magnetic field
Speaker 1: as the star imploded. Their findings were fascinating. Thessimulations revealed
Speaker 1: that during the initial stages of collapse, the star's magnetic
Speaker 1: field gets stretched and amplified by the powerful gravitational forces.
Speaker 1: As the material hurdles inwards, the magnetic field lines become
Speaker 1: tightly interwoven, akin to crumpling a sheet of paper. This process,
Speaker 1: known as magnetic field amplification, results in a much stronger
Speaker 1: magnetic field concentrated around the nascent black hole. However, not
Speaker 1: all of the star's magnetic field gets sucked into the
Speaker 1: black hole. The simulation showed that a significant portion of
Speaker 1: the field lines get expelled outwards, forming a vast, large
Speaker 1: scale structure encompassing the black hole. This expelled field is
Speaker 1: responsible for some of the spectacular phenomena observed around black holes,
Speaker 1: such as the powerful jets of matter ejected at near
Speaker 1: light speed. The research team emphasizes the significance of these
Speaker 1: findings by demonstrating that black holes inherit their magnetic fields
Speaker 1: from their progenitor stars. They provide a crucial piece of
Speaker 1: the puzzle regarding the behavior of these enigmatic objects. Understanding
Speaker 1: how black holes interact with their surroundings, particularly the influence
Speaker 1: of their magnetic fields, is essential for unraveling the mysteries
Speaker 1: of accretion discs, jets, and the very nature of black
Speaker 1: holes themselves. These simulations not only provide valuable insights into
Speaker 1: the origin of black hole magnetism, but also paved the
Speaker 1: way for further exploration the researchers believe that their model
Speaker 1: can be refined to investigate the influence of factors like
Speaker 1: the star's initial rotation rate on the final magnetic field
Speaker 1: of the black hole. Additionally, by incorporating different stellar models,
Speaker 1: they hope to explore the diversity of magnetic field configurations
Speaker 1: and various black hole whole environments. The quest to understand
Speaker 1: black holes continues, with simulations playing a vital role in
Speaker 1: bridging the gap between theory and observation. This new research
Speaker 1: revealing the stellar inheritance of black hole magnetism is a
Speaker 1: significant step forward, offering a glimpse into the powerful and
Speaker 1: complex nature of these cosmic giants. New DESI data sheds
Speaker 1: light on gravity's pull in the universe. Gravity has played
Speaker 1: a pivotal role in shaping our cosmos, transforming tiny differences
Speaker 1: in matter distribution in the early universe into the sprawling
Speaker 1: galaxy strands we observe today. A groundbreaking study utilizing data
Speaker 1: from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument DESI, has traced the
Speaker 1: evolution of cosmic structure over eleven bis million years, providing
Speaker 1: the most precise test the date of gravity at vast scales.
Speaker 1: The DESI instrument mounted a four meter telescope at Kitt
Speaker 1: Peak National Observatory captures light from five thousand galaxies simultaneously.
Speaker 1: This international collaboration involves over nine hundred researchers from seventy
Speaker 1: institutions worldwide, managed by the Department of Energy's LORENS Berkeley
Speaker 1: National Laboratory. Researchers found that gravity behaves as predicted by
Speaker 1: Einstein's theory of general relativity, validating the leading model of
Speaker 1: the universe and limiting possible theories of modified gravity. This
Speaker 1: study directly tests theories and confirms general relativity's predictions at
Speaker 1: cosmological scales. General relativity has been well tested at solar
Speaker 1: system scale, but we needed to test its assumption at
Speaker 1: larger scales, said Pauline z Rook, cosmologist at the French
Speaker 1: National Center for Scientific Research. Studying galaxy formation rates. Lets
Speaker 1: us directly test our theories, and so far we're aligning
Speaker 1: with general relativity predictions. The study also provided new upper
Speaker 1: limits on neutrino masses, narrowing the window for these fundamental particles.
Speaker 1: Using nearly six million galaxies and quasars, DESI has made
Speaker 1: the most precise overall measurement of structure growth surpassing previous efforts.
Speaker 1: This analysis expands on desi's first year data, which created
Speaker 1: the largest three D map of the universe and hinted
Speaker 1: at evolving dark energy, but DESI Collaboration's results demonstrate a
Speaker 1: tremendous new ability to probe modified gravity and improve constraints
Speaker 1: on dark energy models. With four years of data, DESI
Speaker 1: plans to collect roughly forty million galaxies and quasars, presenting
Speaker 1: updated measurements of dark energy in the universe's expansion history.
Speaker 1: In twenty twenty five, dark matter makes up a quarter
Speaker 1: of the universe and dark energy makes up seventy percent,
Speaker 1: and we don't really know what either one is, said
Speaker 1: Mark mouse pH dot d student at Berkeley Lab. And
Speaker 1: you see, Berkeley. The idea that we can take pictures
Speaker 1: of the universe and tackle these big fundamental questions is
Speaker 1: mind blowing. The DESI Collaboration is honored to conduct research
Speaker 1: on Ialagum Duichi kit Peak, a mountain significant to the
Speaker 1: Tahana Wautum nation. As DESI continues to explore the USSE,
Speaker 1: its findings will refine our understanding of gravity dark energy
Speaker 1: in the cosmos by tracing the Universe's evolution researchers gain
Speaker 1: insight into gravity's role in shaping cosmic structure. Desi's results
Speaker 1: have significant implications for our understanding of the universe, providing
Speaker 1: a deeper understanding of gravity's influence on galaxy distributions and properties.
Speaker 1: The studies findings also highlight the importance of continued research
Speaker 1: into the universe's mysteries. As scientists continue to analyze DESI data,
Speaker 1: new discoveries will shed light on the intricacies of the cosmos.
Speaker 1: In conclusion, the new DESI data sheds light on gravity's
Speaker 1: pull in the universe, providing unprecedented insights into cosmic structure
Speaker 1: and evolution. As researchers continue to explore the universe, we
Speaker 1: can expect even more exciting discoveries that refine our understanding
Speaker 1: of the cosmos. Hot gas halo encircles the Milky Way.
Speaker 1: The Milky Way, our galactic home, is enveloped in a vast,
Speaker 1: fiery halo of hot gas. This gaseous reservoir, far surpassing
Speaker 1: the galaxy stellar mass, is the primary fuel for star formation. However,
Speaker 1: its tenuous nature has made it elusive to direct observation
Speaker 1: and quantification. Decades ago, astronomers unveiled the existence of a
Speaker 1: massive million degree kelvin gas sphere surrounding the galaxy, stretching
Speaker 1: to a staggering seven hundred thousand light years. This extreme
Speaker 1: temperature was attributed to the gas Lexy's gravitational pull, forcing
Speaker 1: atoms into rapid orbits to resist being drawn inward. In
Speaker 1: more recent times, even hotter gas reaching a scorching ten
Speaker 1: million kelvin was detected through faint X ray emissions and
Speaker 1: quasar absorption spectra. A team of researchers from the Raman
Speaker 1: Research Institute it Pullup Cut in Ohio State University, has
Speaker 1: proposed a model to illuminate the origin of this mysterious
Speaker 1: heat source, detailed in two studies published in the Astrophysical Journal.
Speaker 1: They posit that the X ray emitting gas originates from
Speaker 1: a puffed up region around the Milky Ways, disc heated
Speaker 1: by supernova explosions from massive stars. This turbulent gas, driven
Speaker 1: by the immense energy released by these stellar explosions, is
Speaker 1: either ejected into the surrounding medium or falls back onto
Speaker 1: the disc, fueling a continuous cycle of starbirth and death. Concurrently,
Speaker 1: the absorbing gas, enriched in alph elements, is likely a
Speaker 1: byproduct of supernovae from runaway stars that have been ejected
Speaker 1: from the galactic disc. B Stellar explosions release alf elements
Speaker 1: such as sulfur, magnesium, and neon, which are then absorbed
Speaker 1: by the hot gas, producing the observed shadow signals. By
Speaker 1: delving deeper into these faint X ray signals and rigorously
Speaker 1: testing their proposed models at various frequencies, scientists aim to
Speaker 1: unravel the intricate dynamics of the Milky Way's gaseous environment.
Speaker 1: This research holds the potential to revolutionize our understanding of
Speaker 1: galactic evolution and the processes that shape the cosmos. To
Speaker 1: dom Ba,