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<v Speaker 1>Imagine the place where you can escape for a day,

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<v Speaker 1>get immersed in a world of rooms, inspiration and expertise,

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<v Speaker 1>where you can lay in luxury, accommodation and kids cam

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<v Speaker 1>fees from ninety five sets. Tickets are free to everyone

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<v Speaker 1>and include all the attractions you've just imagined. A day

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<v Speaker 1>out at the Caia, the Kia, the Wonderful every Day.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh hey, it's that second cousin who tries to talk

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<v Speaker 2>to you about sports stats and can't read that you

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<v Speaker 2>don't care. Ali Ward here with another episode of ologies.

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<v Speaker 2>What a week, My friends, What a week. I'm recording

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<v Speaker 2>this after a few days of being glued to live

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<v Speaker 2>streams of government hearings, and I'm just I'm hoping everyone's

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<v Speaker 2>taking care of themselves, maybe going out to take a breather,

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<v Speaker 2>talking to a frog, letting yourself buy the fancy salad

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<v Speaker 2>dressing at the store, because sometimes you just gotta unwind.

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<v Speaker 2>So this episode hopefully will help. It's so amazing. I

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<v Speaker 2>think you will find it equivalent to like a bag

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<v Speaker 2>of jellybeans that you've selected out of the bulkbins, where

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<v Speaker 2>there's not a single bean in a flavor you don't enjoy.

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<v Speaker 2>It's just pure delight and some of the best long

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<v Speaker 2>form storytelling I have ever heard. I just I set

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<v Speaker 2>up the mics, I forced a world respected ologist to

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<v Speaker 2>talk into them, and I interjected occasionally with some gasps.

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<v Speaker 2>She's amazing. Before we get to that feast, let's do

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<v Speaker 2>some formalities. Let's tuck our napkins into our collar if

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<v Speaker 2>you will. Thank you to all the folks who have

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<v Speaker 2>logged into patreon dot com slash ologies to donate a

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<v Speaker 2>buck or more a month to support the show, and

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<v Speaker 2>that helps me pay a wonderful editor, Hi Stephen, and

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<v Speaker 2>lets me continue doing this, which it's my favorite thing

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<v Speaker 2>to do. So thank you for that. Thank you to

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<v Speaker 2>everyone who gets merch at ologismerch dot com. There's some

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<v Speaker 2>really great ball college sweatshirts, backpacks are up, bird pas,

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<v Speaker 2>earned mugs, just a whole mess of awesome. Thank you

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<v Speaker 2>also to the amazing producers at Linton Entertainment who make

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<v Speaker 2>not one, but two of the science shows I work on.

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<v Speaker 2>And this Saturday, I'm just gonna plug it. I'm gonna

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<v Speaker 2>plug it right now. October sixth my very own solo

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<v Speaker 2>science show premieres on the CW. It's called did I Mention?

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<v Speaker 2>Invention with Ali Ward, and I don't know how to

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<v Speaker 2>celebrate other than just like squealing into a jar and

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<v Speaker 2>then running atop a mountain to release it like Yosemite. Sam.

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<v Speaker 2>If you're hearing this before noon on Tuesday, October second,

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<v Speaker 2>I'm doing a Reddit Ama at noon Pacific time. So

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<v Speaker 2>just putting those things out there to celebrate this new show,

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<v Speaker 2>all right. Thank you to listeners who rate and subscribe.

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<v Speaker 2>You guys keep ologies in the front of new eyeballs

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<v Speaker 2>and ear holes, growing this kind of curious cult of ologites.

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<v Speaker 2>And especially thank you to the ones who take a

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<v Speaker 2>minute to review, because I am I'm nothing if not creepy,

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<v Speaker 2>and you know I read them all and then I

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<v Speaker 2>present you with a still moist one, such as this

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<v Speaker 2>review from vsk Stark, who says this podcast is amazing

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<v Speaker 2>in so many ways, and then they say some nice

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<v Speaker 2>stuff about me that I'm too embarrassed to read aloud,

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<v Speaker 2>and then also say the editing is genius and the

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<v Speaker 2>content I would say is juicy, spicy learning. It brings

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<v Speaker 2>a smile to my day when I commute. I highly

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<v Speaker 2>recommend it juicy spicy learning. I think we might need

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<v Speaker 2>a sweatshirt. This is juicy, spicy learning. Am I right?

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<v Speaker 2>We'll work on it. Okay, Onto theology functional morphology. That's

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<v Speaker 2>a lot of syllables. What in a sam hell does

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<v Speaker 2>it mean? Well, pretty much means the study of form

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<v Speaker 2>and function, So the anatomy of an organism, and then

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<v Speaker 2>what the hell that anatomy does? So like, why do

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<v Speaker 2>we have eyelashes? What's up with the little headstool things

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<v Speaker 2>on top of a giraffe face? Why do some animals

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<v Speaker 2>get to have so many stomachs and butts? Why? I

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<v Speaker 2>originally heard of this ologist and I thought, okay, whale scientist.

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<v Speaker 2>Her bio on Twitter says whale scientist. She is the

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<v Speaker 2>foremost expert on carving up, sometimes explosively decomposing whales on

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<v Speaker 2>beaches worldwide. But I learned thrillingly that she deals with

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<v Speaker 2>so much more than whales. So this is not the

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<v Speaker 2>satology or whale episode. We'll get to that in the

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<v Speaker 2>future a differentologist. This one functional morphology. We cover way

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<v Speaker 2>more than that. So she's an anatomist who compares all

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<v Speaker 2>kinds of species to each other to see what's similar

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<v Speaker 2>and what's different between them, why they work and how

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<v Speaker 2>and how maybe it can help US. So she's a

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<v Speaker 2>professor at the Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology and

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<v Speaker 2>Department of Medical Education at Mount Sinai in Manhattan, New York.

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<v Speaker 2>She has appeared on Sex in the Wild on PBS,

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<v Speaker 2>the British Channel four show Inside Nature's Giants, which also

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<v Speaker 2>airs on PBS, where she I sected a hippo, a giraffe,

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<v Speaker 2>a fin whale, a crocodile, a giant squid, polar bear,

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<v Speaker 2>so much more. And she's on Mythical Beasts, which is

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<v Speaker 2>an eight episode series premiering October fourteenth on Science Channel.

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<v Speaker 2>It's all about the fabled creatures like cyclops and vampires

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<v Speaker 2>and sea monsters and dragons and where we got the

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<v Speaker 2>idea for them. She's amazing. So I met up with

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<v Speaker 2>her at Mount Sinai Hospital in Manhattan and we went

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<v Speaker 2>through this labyrinth of halls. We headed through a door

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<v Speaker 2>labeled Functional Morphology to her office and then set up

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<v Speaker 2>shop in the breakroom next to a tray of muffins

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<v Speaker 2>I wanted to eat. So you won't hear the muffins

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<v Speaker 2>because muffins are silent, and I did not eat them,

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<v Speaker 2>but you might hear the occasional din of a co

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<v Speaker 2>worker chatting as they passed, which is kind of like

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<v Speaker 2>you're right there in the breakroom with us, but without

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<v Speaker 2>access to the muffins, this human person can spin a yarn.

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<v Speaker 2>I loved it. Please sit back and enjoy tales that

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<v Speaker 2>are worthy, like whiskey around a campfire, legend grade stories.

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<v Speaker 2>As you also pick up the hows and whys of

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<v Speaker 2>deconstructing animals that have passed into the great beyond. You'll

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<v Speaker 2>hear about whale hands and pickled primates and run ins

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<v Speaker 2>with danger and tarps and tools and art and fainting

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<v Speaker 2>and the winding road that led this ologist to her

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<v Speaker 2>perfect job. So prepared to be enthralled and inspired by

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<v Speaker 2>functional morphologists anatomist doctor Joy Rodenberg. I, oh, no, no word.

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<v Speaker 2>I do so much editing, so you can pretty much

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<v Speaker 2>confess to murder and I'll cut it out. And now

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<v Speaker 2>in functionalphology, would you say that you're a functional morphologist

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<v Speaker 2>or would you say that you're a setologist? She studies whales.

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<v Speaker 3>I actually would call myself a comparative anatomist. Oh so

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<v Speaker 3>I wouldn't use either word. Okay, you know that doesn't

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<v Speaker 3>have the ology. I know, but I do study anatomy

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<v Speaker 3>of lots of different animals, and whales are just one

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<v Speaker 3>of my favorite animals to look at because they're so weird.

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<v Speaker 2>They are crazy weird. Let's go back, tell me when

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<v Speaker 2>you got so interested in animal anatomy and are you

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<v Speaker 2>also interested in human anatomy or when did like when

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<v Speaker 2>did the bug cutting stuff up and look at a stuff? Getcha?

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<v Speaker 3>So that's a multiprong question, so I'll have to give

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<v Speaker 3>you a multi pronged answer. Bring it on, all right, So,

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<v Speaker 3>first of all, I am interested in human anatomy, or

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<v Speaker 3>I wouldn't be at a medical center, right, So it's

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<v Speaker 3>definitely one of our most interesting animals we can look

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<v Speaker 3>at in the world are humans, because humans are so

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<v Speaker 3>incredibly adapted for things that other animals can't do. Starting

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<v Speaker 3>with what we're doing right now. Language speech, Hey, you know,

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<v Speaker 3>the ability to produce the speech sounds is uniquely human.

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<v Speaker 3>You get lots of animals that get close, but they're

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<v Speaker 3>not the same. They can't make the full range of

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<v Speaker 3>owwls that we can make. So our anatomy in the

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<v Speaker 3>area of the throat is really spectacularly different from all

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<v Speaker 3>other animals. And we can get into that if you want,

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<v Speaker 3>but they are an interesting animal into themselves, and then

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<v Speaker 3>of course there's a whole range of other animals. So

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<v Speaker 3>how did I get into it? Well, I don't know

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<v Speaker 3>how long is this interviewed.

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<v Speaker 2>I know.

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<v Speaker 3>I'll have to stay. It really probably started before I

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<v Speaker 3>knew that anatomy was a discipline. I had no idea

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<v Speaker 3>that you could cut up things, look inside and call

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<v Speaker 3>that a career. That seemed to be the kind of

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<v Speaker 3>thing that was relegated to horror films, right, you know,

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<v Speaker 3>So it wasn't really thought of as a career for me,

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<v Speaker 3>you know, And probably that started with when I was

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<v Speaker 3>a kid. I just I loved getting close to animals.

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<v Speaker 3>I really wanted to learn as much as I could

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<v Speaker 3>about nature. The problem was that animals ran away from you,

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<v Speaker 3>so you, yeah, you really couldn't look at them up

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<v Speaker 3>gloves unless they were your pets. Now, of course, I'm

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<v Speaker 3>not going to cut up with a pet. I love pets.

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<v Speaker 3>You know that they have to have their their places

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<v Speaker 3>a pet and be live and be with you and

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<v Speaker 3>you can cuddle them and all that fun stuff. But

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<v Speaker 3>the animals in nature, they were also alive and fun

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<v Speaker 3>and cuddly. But you wouldn't stay with you unless you

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<v Speaker 3>tried to cuddle them, and they'd bite you. So that

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<v Speaker 3>wasn't a great interaction. But everywhere, once in a while

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<v Speaker 3>you got a chance to get really close to them

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<v Speaker 3>if it was dead, because it wasn't going to run away. So,

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<v Speaker 3>you know, one of the biggest arguments used to have

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<v Speaker 3>my parents was whether or not I was allowed to

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<v Speaker 3>touch the roadkill. I love this woman, so there I

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<v Speaker 3>would be, you know, fascinated with whatever it is that

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<v Speaker 3>fell on the ground, you know, dropped out of a

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<v Speaker 3>tree or got you know, or got run over by

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<v Speaker 3>a car. Whatever I could find that was in some

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<v Speaker 3>capacity left where I could find it. I want I

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<v Speaker 3>wanted to see it. I wanted to learn more about it.

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<v Speaker 2>Did you carry gloves with you?

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<v Speaker 3>As I didn't know what gloves were? Were you getting

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<v Speaker 3>My cat would come home with a chipmunk and I

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<v Speaker 3>would take the dead chipmunk that had left on the

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<v Speaker 3>front doorstep and I would hide it from my parents

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<v Speaker 3>so they wouldn't know I was looking at it. And

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<v Speaker 3>I took the skin off the chipmunk and I saved it.

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<v Speaker 3>I didn't have a tan skin. I was I was like,

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<v Speaker 3>I want to be like a Native American, and I

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<v Speaker 3>want to learn all about it. And you know, back

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<v Speaker 3>then it wasn't the Internet to look it up and

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<v Speaker 3>figure it out. I'd like get books out on things

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<v Speaker 3>like that. And I tried tanning the skin of this chipmunk,

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<v Speaker 3>and I thought this would be awesome. It's got this

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<v Speaker 3>you know, racing stripes on it. You know, it's really

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<v Speaker 3>cool looking. It's already dead. It's yeah, I can't hurt it.

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<v Speaker 3>It's already dead, right, And I had done a really

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<v Speaker 3>great job, and I was like so excited because I

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<v Speaker 3>was going to use this chipmunk for as a saddle

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<v Speaker 3>blanket for one of my toy horses. That's pretty okay.

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<v Speaker 3>So that was like, I thought this was really legit.

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<v Speaker 3>And I had I'd hid it in a specific place,

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<v Speaker 3>you know, a wooden box in our yard, and I

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<v Speaker 3>came out later to check on it a couple days later,

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<v Speaker 3>and a raccoon had taken it. And I only know

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<v Speaker 3>that because I saw the footprints. So I was like,

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<v Speaker 3>oh man, so frustrated.

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<v Speaker 2>So side note, I just learned that raccoons are incredibly smart.

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<v Speaker 2>They remember tasks years after learning them, which is more

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<v Speaker 2>than I can say for myself. And also their name

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<v Speaker 2>in Spanish is derived from an Aztec phrase meaning the

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<v Speaker 2>one who takes everything in its hands. So next time

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<v Speaker 2>you're making a tiny saddle out of a fresh dead chipmunk,

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<v Speaker 2>watch out for them because they are lurking in the

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<v Speaker 2>trees at dusk waiting for your back to be turned.

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<v Speaker 2>Don't freak out though. Also, if you wish there was

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<v Speaker 2>a holiday to celebrate raccoons internationally, well boy, howdy, good

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<v Speaker 2>news and bad news, you just missed it. It was

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<v Speaker 2>October first, So now you have a whole year to

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<v Speaker 2>make felted bandit masks and learn how to scratch up

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<v Speaker 2>palm trees using only your overgrown toenails. Okay, anyway, Joey's childhood.

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<v Speaker 3>So that's how my adventures would often go. But then

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<v Speaker 3>I discovered fishing. I really liked fish. I thought fish

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<v Speaker 3>are really amazing looking animals. They're so hydrodynamically shaped, and

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<v Speaker 3>then they have all these interesting colors. You know, mammals

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<v Speaker 3>are pretty boring when it comes to colorss, birds, and fish.

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<v Speaker 3>Well they've got.

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<v Speaker 2>It, yeah they do. They do have it going on,

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<v Speaker 2>and they've got crazy mouths and some of them have

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<v Speaker 2>big lips.

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<v Speaker 3>Some of them have no lips, like the giant eyes

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<v Speaker 3>that never closed, and these fins that come out of

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<v Speaker 3>nowhere that did just open up like a Chinese fan.

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<v Speaker 3>And I love that. I just really really loved that.

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<v Speaker 3>And so I would go fishing, and my dad would

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<v Speaker 3>agree to take me fishing because it was on the

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<v Speaker 3>way to taking my brother to race go carts, because

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<v Speaker 3>it was at the same place at the beach. So

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<v Speaker 3>I would hang out on the dock fishing well, they

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<v Speaker 3>would race ghost carts, and I'd come home with all

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<v Speaker 3>the stinky, smelly things, and he would tolerate it as

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<v Speaker 3>long as I fillet all the fish, okay, And later

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<v Speaker 3>he would even take me out. We got a small boat,

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<v Speaker 3>and he'd go out in the boat and he would

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<v Speaker 3>get madly seasick because he would sit there read the

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<v Speaker 3>newspaper the whole time, which is not what you do

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<v Speaker 3>in a rocking boat. But again, he would tolerate all

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<v Speaker 3>this as long because I would deal with all the fish.

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<v Speaker 3>And so I was happy to do that, because you know,

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<v Speaker 3>we were going to cook them and we're gonna waste them.

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<v Speaker 3>But I got very distracted flying fish. You know, I'd

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<v Speaker 3>open up the fish, and then I would be wow,

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<v Speaker 3>look at these feathery red things. What are these things?

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<v Speaker 3>Of course there were gills, but I didn't know what

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<v Speaker 3>they were. And then the intestines like wow, the spaghetti

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<v Speaker 3>just keeps on going, and the muscles were like in

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<v Speaker 3>dou W's. I thought that was the weirdest thing of

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<v Speaker 3>the muscles zigzag back and forth. And I'd sit there

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<v Speaker 3>forever playing with the skeleton after i'd filay the meat off,

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<v Speaker 3>like wow, you know, and my mother would be screaming

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<v Speaker 3>from the from the kitchen, get on with it, we

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<v Speaker 3>want to eat. And that was my introduction to anatomy.

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<v Speaker 3>But I didn't know that was a career r. So

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<v Speaker 3>I'm sorry it's not the cliff notes version. No, I

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<v Speaker 3>love it? Are you kidding? Bring it on so fast forward?

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<v Speaker 3>I want to I want to go to college, but

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<v Speaker 3>I don't really know what I want to do, and

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<v Speaker 3>my dad just and are trying to advise me in

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<v Speaker 3>and my dad and particular said, well, you should really

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<v Speaker 3>know what career you want, so you can pick a

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<v Speaker 3>college that's really tailored to what you want to do

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<v Speaker 3>for your career. That was pretty sage advice coming from

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<v Speaker 3>parents who hadn't gone to college, and it was again,

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<v Speaker 3>it wasn't a thing where you can look up on

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<v Speaker 3>the internet and find all this, So you had to

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<v Speaker 3>wait for the brochures to come in the mail and

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<v Speaker 3>read them and then right away for more material, or

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<v Speaker 3>actually go and visit the places, which is really hard

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<v Speaker 3>to do. Some of them were pretty far away. We

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<v Speaker 3>didn't have the resources to go fly over to different places.

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<v Speaker 3>So I remember reading about a lot of them and

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<v Speaker 3>still being very confused, not knowing what I wanted to do.

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<v Speaker 3>Because what kid in the eleventh grade or even early

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<v Speaker 3>twelfth grade knows exactly what they want to do. I mean,

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<v Speaker 3>some people might have a good idea that want to

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<v Speaker 3>be a firefighter or a police officer or a ballerina.

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<v Speaker 3>I just wanted to play with animals. My dad would say, no,

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<v Speaker 3>one's going to pay you to play with the animals. Yeah. Well,

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<v Speaker 3>I kept thinking, Okay, you know, maybe you know I'm

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<v Speaker 3>a smart kid too. I'm doing really well school. I'm

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<v Speaker 3>in the top five percent of my class, and I'm thinking, Okay,

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<v Speaker 3>what am I gonna do all this information right now?

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<v Speaker 3>I want to be a dog walker? I'm going to

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<v Speaker 3>do something.

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<v Speaker 2>More beids you can't see inside the dogs.

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<v Speaker 3>Well, that's true, but I remember I didn't know seeing

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<v Speaker 3>inside was the ultimate goal. It just was a way

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<v Speaker 3>to get close to the animals, to understand more about them.

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<v Speaker 3>I was just as fascinated with the outside and like

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<v Speaker 3>behaviors too. It's just they didn't do that when they

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<v Speaker 3>were dead. Yeah, so I can only I can only

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<v Speaker 3>do what I could do when I get that close.

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<v Speaker 3>The rest of the time, I'd sped at the window,

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<v Speaker 3>glued to the window, watching birds at the bird feeder

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<v Speaker 3>or wherever.

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<v Speaker 4>You know.

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<v Speaker 3>I was always watching the animals and catching snakes and

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<v Speaker 3>bringing them home, and catching pollywogs from the pond and

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<v Speaker 3>putting it in a tank and raising frogs out of that.

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<v Speaker 3>You know. It just I loved all of that nature stuff.

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<v Speaker 3>My mother thought it was like crazy, come home with

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<v Speaker 3>a snake on each arm. Yeah, can I keep them?

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<v Speaker 3>As long as it fits in the tank. You can

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<v Speaker 3>keep whatever you want. So I had tanks all over

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<v Speaker 3>the garage.

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<v Speaker 2>That's so, I know that it would have been such

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00:15:57.559 --> 00:15:59.879
<v Speaker 2>good friends. So you're kidding me. We once put it

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<v Speaker 2>a dead snake with a ken head on it in

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<v Speaker 2>the freezer to surprise my Grandma.

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<v Speaker 3>I can not go over well.

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<v Speaker 2>But we loved it.

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<v Speaker 3>But yeah, I get it now. It started to sound

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00:16:09.039 --> 00:16:10.679
<v Speaker 3>a little bit like that that kid next door and

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00:16:10.759 --> 00:16:16.639
<v Speaker 3>toy story. Oh no, sid, you guys don't get it

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<v Speaker 3>to you.

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<v Speaker 2>Once we go into sit house, we won't be coming out.

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<v Speaker 2>We didn't like my grandma very much, but we love

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<v Speaker 2>dead snakes. My grandma was not a nice person anyway,

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<v Speaker 2>back to her backstory, which I.

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<v Speaker 3>Love so Harry. I'm talking with my dad about this

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<v Speaker 3>and he says, well, you really need to figure out

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<v Speaker 3>your career. And he hands me the yellow pages of

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<v Speaker 3>the phone book. You know, back then it was actually

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00:16:38.879 --> 00:16:42.440
<v Speaker 3>a book. Yeah, thing online, and you know we up

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<v Speaker 3>until then. I used it as a high chair for

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<v Speaker 3>me to sit on so I could reach the table.

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<v Speaker 3>It wasn't really something we looked in very often. But

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<v Speaker 3>that's where you'd find things like plumbers and electricians and whatever,

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<v Speaker 3>you know, pizza joints and whatever. And so I'm flipping

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<v Speaker 3>through this yellow Pages because to him, every rivers in

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<v Speaker 3>the yellow Pages. That's a good I mean, that was

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00:17:02.519 --> 00:17:05.279
<v Speaker 3>a good resource back then. It was because there again,

335
00:17:05.319 --> 00:17:07.519
<v Speaker 3>it wasn't the Internet. We couldn't look things up this

336
00:17:07.680 --> 00:17:10.119
<v Speaker 3>was the one place where everything was accumulated as far

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<v Speaker 3>as my dad knew. That was a career.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, or the classifieds, which is I would look in the.

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<v Speaker 3>More boring Yeah, I know.

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<v Speaker 2>Quick question. When was the Internet invented? I didn't know,

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<v Speaker 2>so I did look it up now in nineteen eighty

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<v Speaker 2>three by a Connecticut chap named Vint Surf. Vint Cerf.

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<v Speaker 2>That sounds like what happens when you're playing a really

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<v Speaker 2>shitty hand of scrabble and someone burst in and says, hey,

345
00:17:34.400 --> 00:17:37.240
<v Speaker 2>what should I name this? King? Anyway, he is one

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<v Speaker 2>of the main inventors of the infrastructure of the Internet,

347
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<v Speaker 2>but it wasn't until nineteen ninety when Sir Timothy Berners

348
00:17:43.880 --> 00:17:47.920
<v Speaker 2>Lee his friends call him tim bl no joke, invented

349
00:17:48.039 --> 00:17:50.880
<v Speaker 2>the World Wide Web and decided to just give it

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<v Speaker 2>away for free, thus missing out of literally trillions of

351
00:17:55.319 --> 00:17:59.279
<v Speaker 2>dollars of monies like he could have owned Earth. But

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00:17:59.319 --> 00:18:01.559
<v Speaker 2>he was like, hey, I just want people to pass

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<v Speaker 2>around photos of moths who are randy for lamps during

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<v Speaker 2>a time when justice seems out of reach. Thanks timbel Anyway,

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<v Speaker 2>Joyett was leaping through physical paper and yellow pages, browsing

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<v Speaker 2>for her future and.

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<v Speaker 3>I'm looking through. And what am I not saying. I'm

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<v Speaker 3>not saying anatomist, I'm not saying comparative anatomist. I'm not

359
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<v Speaker 3>saying biologists. I'm not saying scientists. I'm not saying researcher.

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<v Speaker 3>I'm not saying professor. I did see doctor, but only

361
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<v Speaker 3>medical doctors.

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<v Speaker 4>Right.

363
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<v Speaker 3>I did think eventually I was going to get to

364
00:18:31.519 --> 00:18:33.319
<v Speaker 3>z and I would be happy because I'd get to

365
00:18:33.400 --> 00:18:36.880
<v Speaker 3>zoo because maybe it'd be zoo keeper. Right. So I

366
00:18:36.920 --> 00:18:39.079
<v Speaker 3>got a lot of pages to flip through. I got

367
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<v Speaker 3>pretty far along. When I got to veterinarian. I thought, oh, okay,

368
00:18:44.039 --> 00:18:46.920
<v Speaker 3>maybe that's a career for me because it's animals, you know,

369
00:18:46.960 --> 00:18:49.039
<v Speaker 3>and they don't have to be dead animals. And I

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<v Speaker 3>didn't have this thing about it. Stuff didn't need to

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<v Speaker 3>be dead for me to be interested in it. Although

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<v Speaker 3>I did collect a lot of things, you know, shells, feathers, bones, rocks,

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<v Speaker 3>you know, whatever I could collect you eat nature stuff? Yeah, sure, everything,

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<v Speaker 3>So I thought veterinarian. So I went to go intern

375
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<v Speaker 3>for a vet and my first day on the job,

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<v Speaker 3>there was a dog that had been hit by a

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<v Speaker 3>car and they were going to do an operation and

378
00:19:14.480 --> 00:19:16.400
<v Speaker 3>he invited me to scrub in on this operation and

379
00:19:16.440 --> 00:19:18.240
<v Speaker 3>showed me how to scrub in. But I was basically

380
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<v Speaker 3>just observing, and I was really excited because I was

381
00:19:22.039 --> 00:19:25.119
<v Speaker 3>going to get to see this dog fixed. I was

382
00:19:25.160 --> 00:19:27.079
<v Speaker 3>going to get to see I don't mean newter, I

383
00:19:27.119 --> 00:19:30.359
<v Speaker 3>mean yeah fixed up. And the dog was, you know,

384
00:19:30.839 --> 00:19:33.720
<v Speaker 3>definitely had a terrible injury. And I thought, well, I'm

385
00:19:33.759 --> 00:19:36.160
<v Speaker 3>going to get to see the inside on this animal.

386
00:19:36.279 --> 00:19:39.119
<v Speaker 3>That's pretty cool because it's a living insight. It's and

387
00:19:39.160 --> 00:19:42.119
<v Speaker 3>all the dead stuff that I'd seen before. And I

388
00:19:42.240 --> 00:19:44.720
<v Speaker 3>was so fascinated. I was riveted. I was watching this,

389
00:19:44.880 --> 00:19:47.279
<v Speaker 3>you know, wide eyed and you know, totally full of wonder.

390
00:19:47.640 --> 00:19:50.039
<v Speaker 3>And I started to get light headed, and I was like,

391
00:19:50.079 --> 00:19:53.119
<v Speaker 3>what is happening. I'm really interested in this. I'm not

392
00:19:53.319 --> 00:19:55.559
<v Speaker 3>nausea as, I'm not squeamish. What is going on? And

393
00:19:55.599 --> 00:19:58.599
<v Speaker 3>I started getting more and more lightheaded, and I was

394
00:19:58.640 --> 00:20:00.720
<v Speaker 3>so embarrassed. But I didn't I want to fall into

395
00:20:00.759 --> 00:20:03.279
<v Speaker 3>the sterile surgical field, so I told the veterinari and

396
00:20:03.279 --> 00:20:05.000
<v Speaker 3>I was getting a little light headed. I thought, well,

397
00:20:05.039 --> 00:20:07.440
<v Speaker 3>maybe the room is too warm, or maybe I didn't

398
00:20:07.440 --> 00:20:10.480
<v Speaker 3>need enough breakfast or something. What I was having was

399
00:20:10.519 --> 00:20:14.279
<v Speaker 3>called a vasovagel reaction, which is something you absolutely can't control.

400
00:20:14.319 --> 00:20:18.559
<v Speaker 3>It's essentially an autonomic discharge of your nervous system that

401
00:20:19.640 --> 00:20:21.720
<v Speaker 3>no one can predict. This is gonna happen, and no

402
00:20:21.720 --> 00:20:24.279
<v Speaker 3>one really knows why it happens, and then it goes

403
00:20:24.279 --> 00:20:25.759
<v Speaker 3>away almost as fast as it comes on.

404
00:20:26.240 --> 00:20:28.799
<v Speaker 2>I was so curious why does this happen. It happens

405
00:20:28.799 --> 00:20:32.039
<v Speaker 2>technically when the vagus nerve is stimulated and it causes

406
00:20:32.039 --> 00:20:35.119
<v Speaker 2>this sudden drop and heart rate, and also maybe the

407
00:20:35.200 --> 00:20:38.759
<v Speaker 2>dilation of blood vessels in your legs, which causes blood

408
00:20:38.759 --> 00:20:41.640
<v Speaker 2>to pool there and away from your brain, causing you

409
00:20:41.799 --> 00:20:44.039
<v Speaker 2>to pass out. It can happen from standing too long,

410
00:20:44.119 --> 00:20:47.759
<v Speaker 2>or from heat exposure, stress, or the sight of blood.

411
00:20:48.079 --> 00:20:51.519
<v Speaker 2>I like to think that watching a veterinary operation inspired

412
00:20:51.640 --> 00:20:53.559
<v Speaker 2>this pitbull Kesha duet.

413
00:20:54.079 --> 00:21:01.119
<v Speaker 3>It's going down, I'm yelling, but whatever, it's pretty incapacitating.

414
00:21:01.319 --> 00:21:03.240
<v Speaker 3>So that was happening to me, and I thought, I'm

415
00:21:03.359 --> 00:21:05.240
<v Speaker 3>never going to be able to be a veterinarian if

416
00:21:05.240 --> 00:21:07.519
<v Speaker 3>I pass out when I'm trying to do an operation.

417
00:21:08.359 --> 00:21:10.160
<v Speaker 3>So the veterinarian sent me out of the room, which

418
00:21:10.160 --> 00:21:13.640
<v Speaker 3>I was very embarrassed about. And later came to talk

419
00:21:13.640 --> 00:21:15.599
<v Speaker 3>to me and said, you know, don't let this go

420
00:21:15.720 --> 00:21:18.680
<v Speaker 3>to your head, don't let this deter you, because it

421
00:21:18.799 --> 00:21:21.480
<v Speaker 3>might just be a one time thing, and explained what

422
00:21:21.519 --> 00:21:23.599
<v Speaker 3>it was, what I was going through, And I'm glad

423
00:21:23.640 --> 00:21:25.599
<v Speaker 3>he gave me that second chance and asked me to

424
00:21:25.680 --> 00:21:28.200
<v Speaker 3>come back, because I didn't ever have that again.

425
00:21:28.880 --> 00:21:32.359
<v Speaker 2>Really, Oh man, this is like the blissful happy ending

426
00:21:32.400 --> 00:21:35.400
<v Speaker 2>to a kid's movie. This is just the story America needed.

427
00:21:35.839 --> 00:21:38.960
<v Speaker 3>I never had it again. It was only once, and

428
00:21:39.039 --> 00:21:42.359
<v Speaker 3>I still don't exactly know why it happened, but I

429
00:21:42.400 --> 00:21:44.279
<v Speaker 3>think it has something to do with my brain trying

430
00:21:44.319 --> 00:21:47.559
<v Speaker 3>to process the idea that this dog was not feeling

431
00:21:47.559 --> 00:21:50.559
<v Speaker 3>pain because it was nesthetized but clearly had enough injuries

432
00:21:50.559 --> 00:21:53.359
<v Speaker 3>to feel a lot of pain. Yeah, And I kept thinking,

433
00:21:53.359 --> 00:21:55.000
<v Speaker 3>but that's got to be painful, but no, it's not

434
00:21:55.039 --> 00:21:56.640
<v Speaker 3>feeling it. But it's got to be painful, but it's

435
00:21:56.680 --> 00:21:59.039
<v Speaker 3>not feeling it, And that conflict kept going around around

436
00:21:59.039 --> 00:22:02.160
<v Speaker 3>in my head. Maybe that had something to do with

437
00:22:02.200 --> 00:22:05.039
<v Speaker 3>why I couldn't process what was happening. But maybe I

438
00:22:05.079 --> 00:22:06.920
<v Speaker 3>was just hyper excited about it all because I got

439
00:22:06.920 --> 00:22:07.640
<v Speaker 3>to see everything.

440
00:22:07.799 --> 00:22:09.440
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean, that's like a big day. That's like

441
00:22:09.480 --> 00:22:13.480
<v Speaker 2>a lead up of so many animal bones and skeletons,

442
00:22:13.480 --> 00:22:16.440
<v Speaker 2>and you've already done field work pretty much like you know,

443
00:22:16.559 --> 00:22:19.480
<v Speaker 2>like amateur field work, and yeah, like that's a big day.

444
00:22:19.720 --> 00:22:21.960
<v Speaker 3>It was a very big experience. And here I was

445
00:22:22.000 --> 00:22:23.240
<v Speaker 3>going to get to see it was going to be

446
00:22:23.279 --> 00:22:26.680
<v Speaker 3>controlled in at the setting where it was alive. There

447
00:22:26.759 --> 00:22:30.599
<v Speaker 3>was just so much happening. But I thought maybe I

448
00:22:30.599 --> 00:22:33.079
<v Speaker 3>couldn't be a veterinarian. But he convinced me otherwise that

449
00:22:33.119 --> 00:22:36.920
<v Speaker 3>I could. So I applied to Cornell University because they

450
00:22:37.000 --> 00:22:39.039
<v Speaker 3>had a VET school. I wasn't applying to VET school.

451
00:22:39.200 --> 00:22:42.480
<v Speaker 3>I just wanted the undergraduate part first. Yeah, which is

452
00:22:42.519 --> 00:22:44.319
<v Speaker 3>the stepping stone you need to go to VET school.

453
00:22:45.079 --> 00:22:48.160
<v Speaker 3>So I got accepted at Cornell. I was very happy

454
00:22:48.160 --> 00:22:48.519
<v Speaker 3>about that.

455
00:22:48.599 --> 00:22:49.359
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's a big deal.

456
00:22:49.599 --> 00:22:51.559
<v Speaker 3>It was a big deal, especially for my family where

457
00:22:51.559 --> 00:22:52.799
<v Speaker 3>I was the first one to go to college.

458
00:22:52.880 --> 00:22:56.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah you're like Ivy League. Hello. But Joyce says, since

459
00:22:56.000 --> 00:22:58.960
<v Speaker 2>it cost the same tuition, she enrolled in the Arts

460
00:22:59.000 --> 00:23:01.920
<v Speaker 2>and sciences department because frankly, she didn't know if she

461
00:23:02.039 --> 00:23:03.839
<v Speaker 2>wanted to stay with science.

462
00:23:03.920 --> 00:23:07.240
<v Speaker 3>Because I'm also an artist, So there was another part

463
00:23:07.279 --> 00:23:09.559
<v Speaker 3>of me that I hadn't talked about, which is that

464
00:23:09.599 --> 00:23:12.559
<v Speaker 3>I am an artist, and I didn't really know which

465
00:23:12.599 --> 00:23:14.720
<v Speaker 3>career I wanted because if I wasn't going to be

466
00:23:14.720 --> 00:23:16.720
<v Speaker 3>a veterinarian, I was definitely going to go into art,

467
00:23:17.799 --> 00:23:20.079
<v Speaker 3>and not only an artist, but also a musicians. So

468
00:23:20.400 --> 00:23:22.480
<v Speaker 3>I'm definitely heavy on that side of the brain as well.

469
00:23:22.920 --> 00:23:25.480
<v Speaker 2>It sounds like both sides of your brain are very good.

470
00:23:26.079 --> 00:23:28.079
<v Speaker 3>That's why I could walk straight enf fall over right?

471
00:23:28.160 --> 00:23:34.480
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, heads up, that was an anatomy joke. Thank you.

472
00:23:34.599 --> 00:23:38.519
<v Speaker 3>Joy I majored in a science field, but I minored

473
00:23:38.640 --> 00:23:41.000
<v Speaker 3>in an art field, and so I was kind of

474
00:23:41.039 --> 00:23:44.640
<v Speaker 3>pursuing both in this college. And as I got closer

475
00:23:44.680 --> 00:23:46.079
<v Speaker 3>to graduation, I was trying to think, what kind of

476
00:23:46.160 --> 00:23:47.599
<v Speaker 3>job do I really want? Do I really want to

477
00:23:47.599 --> 00:23:50.079
<v Speaker 3>go to VET school? I thought that's what I was

478
00:23:50.119 --> 00:23:50.480
<v Speaker 3>set on.

479
00:23:50.759 --> 00:23:53.200
<v Speaker 2>So Joya was on track to be a VET. She

480
00:23:53.240 --> 00:23:55.799
<v Speaker 2>took four years of classes to prepare her for it,

481
00:23:56.079 --> 00:23:59.319
<v Speaker 2>but she started interviewing vets to ask about their lives

482
00:23:59.440 --> 00:24:03.759
<v Speaker 2>and found Nope, Nope, was not what she wanted to do. Apparently,

483
00:24:03.799 --> 00:24:07.960
<v Speaker 2>it involves a lot of spey and neuter surgeries and euthanasias,

484
00:24:08.240 --> 00:24:12.279
<v Speaker 2>but more complex medical procedures are usually declined by pet

485
00:24:12.279 --> 00:24:15.559
<v Speaker 2>owners just because of cost. So this bummed her out.

486
00:24:15.799 --> 00:24:19.160
<v Speaker 2>She thought maybe a wild animal vet. There's not a

487
00:24:19.200 --> 00:24:21.720
<v Speaker 2>lot of job openings in that field, so she kept brainstorming.

488
00:24:22.000 --> 00:24:25.920
<v Speaker 3>And then I thought about what about form vet work,

489
00:24:26.079 --> 00:24:27.720
<v Speaker 3>you know, right, And they said, well, most of that

490
00:24:27.880 --> 00:24:31.039
<v Speaker 3>is vaccinating herds of cattle. Oh. I was like totally

491
00:24:31.119 --> 00:24:36.039
<v Speaker 3>not into that. Yeah, all right. So then there's this

492
00:24:36.079 --> 00:24:38.240
<v Speaker 3>pro called aqua vet. I thought, oh, that's where I

493
00:24:38.279 --> 00:24:41.359
<v Speaker 3>belong because I really love marine biology because I still

494
00:24:41.480 --> 00:24:44.640
<v Speaker 3>still never left that fascination on fish. Right. Of course,

495
00:24:44.799 --> 00:24:46.440
<v Speaker 3>I had actually, in the interim, had worked for the

496
00:24:46.519 --> 00:24:49.519
<v Speaker 3>Nationally Fishery Service, I'd worked for the National Uceianic Society.

497
00:24:49.559 --> 00:24:53.640
<v Speaker 3>I'd spent summer working at the Bermuda Biological Station for research.

498
00:24:53.799 --> 00:24:56.920
<v Speaker 3>I had done a lot of marine oriented things. It

499
00:24:56.920 --> 00:24:59.240
<v Speaker 3>was very interested in that. I wanted to be an aquavet.

500
00:24:59.680 --> 00:25:02.119
<v Speaker 3>Now this, this would be the veterinarian for all the

501
00:25:02.200 --> 00:25:05.839
<v Speaker 3>aquariums or the oceanariums. So cool, and you take care

502
00:25:05.880 --> 00:25:07.759
<v Speaker 3>of their fish, you take care of their dolphins. It

503
00:25:07.839 --> 00:25:09.799
<v Speaker 3>was like dolphins, totally, yeah, I want to do that.

504
00:25:10.319 --> 00:25:14.480
<v Speaker 3>But there was one equivit and one one for the

505
00:25:14.480 --> 00:25:16.640
<v Speaker 3>whole northeast coast. What so was it?

506
00:25:17.000 --> 00:25:20.880
<v Speaker 2>That's ridiculous even PEPSI has coke. I mean, come on,

507
00:25:21.599 --> 00:25:23.000
<v Speaker 2>you gotta have a little competition.

508
00:25:23.200 --> 00:25:25.200
<v Speaker 3>So I thought, I'm gonna have to wait for this

509
00:25:25.200 --> 00:25:27.200
<v Speaker 3>guy to retire before I'm going to have a career,

510
00:25:27.440 --> 00:25:29.680
<v Speaker 3>right And he was still young at the time, so

511
00:25:29.720 --> 00:25:32.440
<v Speaker 3>I was like, Okay, that's probably not gonna happen in

512
00:25:32.480 --> 00:25:33.160
<v Speaker 3>my lifetime.

513
00:25:34.039 --> 00:25:37.839
<v Speaker 2>She started exploring the art side and thought maybe medical illustrator.

514
00:25:38.200 --> 00:25:41.720
<v Speaker 2>So she talked to a medical illustrator who warned her

515
00:25:41.839 --> 00:25:44.680
<v Speaker 2>that it was frustrating as an artist because you're for hire.

516
00:25:44.799 --> 00:25:48.359
<v Speaker 2>You have to follow exactly what the client wants. Megabomber

517
00:25:48.440 --> 00:25:51.160
<v Speaker 2>for her and she didn't want to end up at say,

518
00:25:51.200 --> 00:25:55.079
<v Speaker 2>an ad agency drawing nature for wine labels or car ads.

519
00:25:55.319 --> 00:25:58.839
<v Speaker 2>Wasn't her bag. Two removed from science, so what was

520
00:25:58.920 --> 00:25:59.400
<v Speaker 2>she to do?

521
00:26:00.079 --> 00:26:03.319
<v Speaker 3>But I still liked working with the anatomy. I started

522
00:26:03.359 --> 00:26:07.039
<v Speaker 3>really loving my anatomy courses, and I'd taken a comparative

523
00:26:07.079 --> 00:26:09.480
<v Speaker 3>anatomy course and then an advanced one at the VET school,

524
00:26:09.480 --> 00:26:11.079
<v Speaker 3>and so I thought, let me ask the instructor of

525
00:26:11.079 --> 00:26:14.119
<v Speaker 3>that course about his job, and I thought he was

526
00:26:14.119 --> 00:26:17.160
<v Speaker 3>a veterinarian, but it turned out he wasn't. I was

527
00:26:17.160 --> 00:26:19.880
<v Speaker 3>totally surprised by that. How could the chairman of anatomy

528
00:26:19.920 --> 00:26:24.440
<v Speaker 3>at the Veterinarian college not be a veterinarian, right, He's like, surprise, surprise,

529
00:26:24.480 --> 00:26:27.720
<v Speaker 3>I'm a PhD. Now. I was really confused, and I

530
00:26:27.759 --> 00:26:29.720
<v Speaker 3>did not grow up in an academic family, so I

531
00:26:29.759 --> 00:26:32.519
<v Speaker 3>really didn't understand what a PhD was. To me, it

532
00:26:32.599 --> 00:26:35.880
<v Speaker 3>was a doctor of philosophy, so it means you have

533
00:26:35.960 --> 00:26:40.160
<v Speaker 3>to philosophize, so was somebody in science. Philosophizing didn't make

534
00:26:40.160 --> 00:26:41.720
<v Speaker 3>any sense to me. So I really didn't get it

535
00:26:41.720 --> 00:26:44.759
<v Speaker 3>in the science world that it didn't seem to make

536
00:26:44.759 --> 00:26:46.119
<v Speaker 3>a lot of sense unless you were just going to

537
00:26:46.119 --> 00:26:48.720
<v Speaker 3>talk about the science. So like my biology professor, okay,

538
00:26:48.720 --> 00:26:51.000
<v Speaker 3>I get it. I didn't understand that until I spoke

539
00:26:51.000 --> 00:26:56.720
<v Speaker 3>to him and realized that, yeah, there are opportunities in

540
00:26:56.759 --> 00:26:59.920
<v Speaker 3>exactly what I love, which is anatomy. Because I didn't

541
00:27:00.079 --> 00:27:01.880
<v Speaker 3>know that you could do more. I figured it's all known,

542
00:27:01.920 --> 00:27:03.680
<v Speaker 3>it's all there, right, right, Well I've seen it.

543
00:27:03.960 --> 00:27:06.160
<v Speaker 2>Oh god no, and then you realize, oh, they're still

544
00:27:06.160 --> 00:27:08.079
<v Speaker 2>cracking things open and being like, what is this little

545
00:27:08.160 --> 00:27:08.920
<v Speaker 2>foying you doing?

546
00:27:08.960 --> 00:27:11.880
<v Speaker 3>Do there you go? So so he said, you know,

547
00:27:12.000 --> 00:27:15.759
<v Speaker 3>you really belong in a research career, but I didn't

548
00:27:15.799 --> 00:27:19.599
<v Speaker 3>understand what that was. And he said, well, why don't

549
00:27:19.599 --> 00:27:21.519
<v Speaker 3>you do a summer work study with me? Because I

550
00:27:21.559 --> 00:27:24.119
<v Speaker 3>did do work study pay for college anyway, and so

551
00:27:24.200 --> 00:27:29.559
<v Speaker 3>he he had me working on this big jar of toadfish. No,

552
00:27:29.640 --> 00:27:31.519
<v Speaker 3>I like fish, but these these are ugly fish. But

553
00:27:31.519 --> 00:27:33.559
<v Speaker 3>I thought they were interesting because they kind of look

554
00:27:33.640 --> 00:27:37.440
<v Speaker 3>like a frog that didn't quite become a fish, quite

555
00:27:37.480 --> 00:27:40.440
<v Speaker 3>become a frog. It's these have these giant biggie froggy

556
00:27:40.480 --> 00:27:44.200
<v Speaker 3>eyes and giant, big froggy mouths and skin tags hanging

557
00:27:44.240 --> 00:27:46.240
<v Speaker 3>off of them that make them look like seaweed. You know,

558
00:27:46.680 --> 00:27:48.559
<v Speaker 3>are ugly looking things.

559
00:27:48.960 --> 00:27:51.759
<v Speaker 2>Okay, quick aside. I just looked these creatures up and

560
00:27:51.799 --> 00:27:56.519
<v Speaker 2>they are gloriously unsightly. They have a wide, wordy looking

561
00:27:56.599 --> 00:28:01.000
<v Speaker 2>face and a just massive downturned mouth with the expression

562
00:28:01.119 --> 00:28:04.079
<v Speaker 2>of like if Joba the hut lost a lot of

563
00:28:04.119 --> 00:28:08.440
<v Speaker 2>money playing the slots. Also, they are horny. So a

564
00:28:08.440 --> 00:28:12.079
<v Speaker 2>few years ago, Monterey residents were just puzzled by this

565
00:28:12.240 --> 00:28:15.680
<v Speaker 2>low thrumming sound in the summer it sounded kind of

566
00:28:15.759 --> 00:28:22.559
<v Speaker 2>like someone farting into a vinyl diner booth, but to

567
00:28:22.599 --> 00:28:26.279
<v Speaker 2>the toadfish that translates to just a sonnet of lust.

568
00:28:26.440 --> 00:28:28.920
<v Speaker 2>And I applaud them anyway. Joy dug them too.

569
00:28:29.279 --> 00:28:31.680
<v Speaker 3>But they had their own appeal to me. You know.

570
00:28:31.720 --> 00:28:34.839
<v Speaker 3>They had these beautiful pectoral fins that they'd display open

571
00:28:34.880 --> 00:28:36.799
<v Speaker 3>that looked like it had rainbows on them. They were

572
00:28:36.880 --> 00:28:41.359
<v Speaker 3>just gorgeous, you know, really pretty. And so these fish

573
00:28:41.480 --> 00:28:46.279
<v Speaker 3>were fascinating. And I spent forever drawing these fish, and

574
00:28:46.279 --> 00:28:47.640
<v Speaker 3>he said, I want you to cut them open and

575
00:28:47.720 --> 00:28:50.400
<v Speaker 3>draw what you see on the inside. Oh. I was

576
00:28:50.440 --> 00:28:54.640
<v Speaker 3>in pig heaven. I loved it. I was cutting up

577
00:28:54.640 --> 00:28:56.839
<v Speaker 3>in these fish and I was making these drawings, and

578
00:28:56.920 --> 00:28:58.839
<v Speaker 3>he was going to use them in a dissection manual.

579
00:28:59.279 --> 00:29:01.519
<v Speaker 3>I thought, wow, oh, it's like even useful, you know,

580
00:29:01.599 --> 00:29:03.279
<v Speaker 3>I'm not just having fun. And so I did that

581
00:29:03.359 --> 00:29:06.039
<v Speaker 3>all summer long. And then I asked him, you know,

582
00:29:06.160 --> 00:29:08.359
<v Speaker 3>is there like a career in doing stuff like this?

583
00:29:08.559 --> 00:29:14.880
<v Speaker 3>And he said, yeah, you could be an anatomist. He says,

584
00:29:14.920 --> 00:29:16.880
<v Speaker 3>that's what I am. I said, that's what you are.

585
00:29:17.640 --> 00:29:19.720
<v Speaker 3>I thought you were a veterinarian this whole time. Now,

586
00:29:20.119 --> 00:29:24.200
<v Speaker 3>it's an anatomist. And then I discovered research and that's

587
00:29:24.240 --> 00:29:27.319
<v Speaker 3>what I really got into anatomy as a career, because

588
00:29:27.440 --> 00:29:29.359
<v Speaker 3>he said, you should go to graduate school, you should

589
00:29:29.400 --> 00:29:34.279
<v Speaker 3>become a researcher because as a research scientist you have

590
00:29:34.400 --> 00:29:36.839
<v Speaker 3>the ultimate and creative freedom, which is what every artist

591
00:29:36.880 --> 00:29:39.240
<v Speaker 3>really wants, right, and you could focus it on the

592
00:29:39.279 --> 00:29:42.079
<v Speaker 3>animal stuff, which is what you really like. But the

593
00:29:42.119 --> 00:29:46.039
<v Speaker 3>best part about being a researcher is that you have

594
00:29:46.400 --> 00:29:49.319
<v Speaker 3>the ultimate creativity and that you can ask any question

595
00:29:49.440 --> 00:29:53.160
<v Speaker 3>in the world, any question, and you get to design

596
00:29:53.240 --> 00:29:54.279
<v Speaker 3>the experiment to answer it.

597
00:29:54.920 --> 00:29:59.279
<v Speaker 2>So this is what a functional morphologist slash anatomist does.

598
00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:04.000
<v Speaker 2>I'd finally found her joy and she was getting paid

599
00:30:04.319 --> 00:30:06.720
<v Speaker 2>to poke it roadkill for the good.

600
00:30:06.519 --> 00:30:09.359
<v Speaker 3>Of humanity, and I have that. Now, I have that

601
00:30:09.400 --> 00:30:15.799
<v Speaker 3>creative freedom. I can study anything anything, any animal, any

602
00:30:15.839 --> 00:30:20.000
<v Speaker 3>part of any animal, anything that's interesting to me about that.

603
00:30:20.079 --> 00:30:23.079
<v Speaker 3>I can delve into that and just get really down

604
00:30:23.160 --> 00:30:25.400
<v Speaker 3>into the nitty gritty and figure out how does it work,

605
00:30:25.440 --> 00:30:28.000
<v Speaker 3>why does it work? What's useful about knowing how it works?

606
00:30:28.680 --> 00:30:32.000
<v Speaker 3>So that's when I'd said, Okay, I'm in this is

607
00:30:32.000 --> 00:30:34.559
<v Speaker 3>the career for me. Yeah, that's when I realized that

608
00:30:34.640 --> 00:30:36.960
<v Speaker 3>I was going to be an anatomist. Before that, it

609
00:30:37.000 --> 00:30:42.079
<v Speaker 3>was just science, you know, terarian animal. But anatomis really

610
00:30:42.119 --> 00:30:44.200
<v Speaker 3>came in my senior year. That's when I realized that.

611
00:30:44.640 --> 00:30:47.359
<v Speaker 2>And what is it involved? I mean, Nika, we're at

612
00:30:47.400 --> 00:30:50.039
<v Speaker 2>a medical center, but as an anatomist to people, say hey,

613
00:30:50.119 --> 00:30:52.279
<v Speaker 2>I need to figure out what is going on with

614
00:30:52.359 --> 00:30:56.200
<v Speaker 2>this antelope or this whale or this person. Let's ask

615
00:30:56.319 --> 00:30:58.039
<v Speaker 2>joy what's happening here?

616
00:30:58.200 --> 00:30:59.759
<v Speaker 3>So that does happen, but not so much at a

617
00:30:59.759 --> 00:31:02.680
<v Speaker 3>metal center for humans, of course, you know, because I'm

618
00:31:02.680 --> 00:31:04.680
<v Speaker 3>not in the area or people are company. But saying

619
00:31:04.680 --> 00:31:07.839
<v Speaker 3>how does this antaloge work? That might happen more at

620
00:31:07.920 --> 00:31:11.119
<v Speaker 3>veterinary college, I think, and maybe that is a bitter

621
00:31:11.359 --> 00:31:15.559
<v Speaker 3>fit for what I know. But in a medical center,

622
00:31:15.559 --> 00:31:18.039
<v Speaker 3>I feel like I've edited another layer of importance to

623
00:31:18.119 --> 00:31:20.839
<v Speaker 3>my work because I can take information from the animal

624
00:31:20.839 --> 00:31:23.720
<v Speaker 3>world and bring it to people, and that's essentially what

625
00:31:23.880 --> 00:31:28.000
<v Speaker 3>I do. So our lab I kind of joyfully call

626
00:31:28.039 --> 00:31:32.160
<v Speaker 3>it the animal recycling Center because we get everybody's leftovers,

627
00:31:32.160 --> 00:31:33.160
<v Speaker 3>so I don't have to go out and kill the

628
00:31:33.160 --> 00:31:35.319
<v Speaker 3>animals together and they're already dead. People give it to

629
00:31:35.359 --> 00:31:37.160
<v Speaker 3>us if they're you know, that's something dies at a

630
00:31:37.160 --> 00:31:39.359
<v Speaker 3>wildlife center. We get it. It dies in the road,

631
00:31:39.400 --> 00:31:41.359
<v Speaker 3>we could get it, dies on the beach, we get it.

632
00:31:41.440 --> 00:31:44.160
<v Speaker 3>It dies in a lab, someone's using it for an experiment.

633
00:31:44.440 --> 00:31:46.880
<v Speaker 3>We can also get that, too. Cool, So we get

634
00:31:46.920 --> 00:31:52.319
<v Speaker 3>all kinds of leftovers from wherever, and the more exotic

635
00:31:52.359 --> 00:31:55.599
<v Speaker 3>and more interesting the animals to me, because the exotic

636
00:31:55.640 --> 00:32:00.559
<v Speaker 3>animals are adapted to unique environments, and these really weird andvironments,

637
00:32:01.559 --> 00:32:04.880
<v Speaker 3>some of them mimic human diseases. So if we can

638
00:32:04.960 --> 00:32:08.079
<v Speaker 3>understand how these animals can survive in conditions that for

639
00:32:08.240 --> 00:32:12.240
<v Speaker 3>us are harmful, we can copy that adaptation and we

640
00:32:12.279 --> 00:32:14.359
<v Speaker 3>can bring it back to people as a treatment for

641
00:32:14.400 --> 00:32:15.000
<v Speaker 3>their disease.

642
00:32:15.480 --> 00:32:16.720
<v Speaker 2>Like what kind of diseases?

643
00:32:17.160 --> 00:32:20.960
<v Speaker 3>Well, for example, emphasm is something I'm now getting very

644
00:32:20.960 --> 00:32:24.400
<v Speaker 3>interested in. We now call it chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

645
00:32:24.480 --> 00:32:25.759
<v Speaker 3>or COPD.

646
00:32:25.640 --> 00:32:30.680
<v Speaker 2>And CPOD can also mean chronic bronchitis, sometimes asthma. Either way,

647
00:32:31.079 --> 00:32:34.480
<v Speaker 2>if you enjoy breathing, it's not something you want. My

648
00:32:34.559 --> 00:32:36.960
<v Speaker 2>uncle Ron has it, and so of course I was

649
00:32:37.000 --> 00:32:41.440
<v Speaker 2>all oracles. That's how anatomus say, ears, Are you impressed?

650
00:32:41.640 --> 00:32:43.799
<v Speaker 3>I looked it up So this is a disease that

651
00:32:44.200 --> 00:32:47.400
<v Speaker 3>takes away the stretchability of the lungs, so the lungs

652
00:32:47.480 --> 00:32:50.599
<v Speaker 3>become too floppy. It's hard to get air back out

653
00:32:50.640 --> 00:32:54.480
<v Speaker 3>of them. So this elastic tissue is totally shot from

654
00:32:54.559 --> 00:32:59.640
<v Speaker 3>exposure to whatever, smoking or whatever else. And so people

655
00:32:59.640 --> 00:33:03.200
<v Speaker 3>who have that problem, they have trouble breathing out. It

656
00:33:03.240 --> 00:33:05.200
<v Speaker 3>was to breathing in. They breathe in, but they can't

657
00:33:05.200 --> 00:33:07.200
<v Speaker 3>get it back out again because the way you exhale

658
00:33:07.279 --> 00:33:10.799
<v Speaker 3>is your lungs recoil because of their stretchy they're elastic

659
00:33:10.839 --> 00:33:13.559
<v Speaker 3>like rubber bands. So the only time you actually force

660
00:33:13.599 --> 00:33:15.599
<v Speaker 3>your lungs is when you'll blow out birthday cannals or

661
00:33:15.599 --> 00:33:17.599
<v Speaker 3>blow up balloon. The rest of the time you breathe

662
00:33:17.599 --> 00:33:20.839
<v Speaker 3>out passively and not so for someone with COPD. They

663
00:33:20.920 --> 00:33:22.039
<v Speaker 3>can't breathe out passively.

664
00:33:22.079 --> 00:33:22.799
<v Speaker 2>Oh, I didn't know that.

665
00:33:23.200 --> 00:33:27.920
<v Speaker 3>Now. There are animals whose lungs have various abilities to

666
00:33:28.000 --> 00:33:32.000
<v Speaker 3>change their compliance, which is their stretch ability. We don't

667
00:33:32.039 --> 00:33:34.480
<v Speaker 3>we have fixed stretch ability, and if you lose it

668
00:33:34.559 --> 00:33:36.680
<v Speaker 3>with a disease like this, you can't get it back.

669
00:33:37.680 --> 00:33:41.279
<v Speaker 3>So they are animals that can change their flexibility, particularly

670
00:33:41.359 --> 00:33:44.640
<v Speaker 3>diving animals. Like whales. Oh that makes sense, okay. So

671
00:33:44.720 --> 00:33:47.119
<v Speaker 3>as they encounter different pressures, they need different amounts of

672
00:33:47.119 --> 00:33:51.039
<v Speaker 3>stretchability and their lung tissue and their lungs have to

673
00:33:51.039 --> 00:33:55.079
<v Speaker 3>respond to recoiling because of the high pressures around them

674
00:33:55.240 --> 00:33:58.519
<v Speaker 3>without tearing or distorting and so on, and so there's

675
00:33:58.519 --> 00:34:00.920
<v Speaker 3>a lot of interesting biology going on when you deal

676
00:34:00.920 --> 00:34:04.000
<v Speaker 3>with pressure changes on the lungs or any gas containing space.

677
00:34:05.039 --> 00:34:08.159
<v Speaker 3>But if we can understand how these animals tissues respond

678
00:34:08.199 --> 00:34:12.519
<v Speaker 3>to the pressure changes and they can change their compliance

679
00:34:12.760 --> 00:34:15.800
<v Speaker 3>as they dive, maybe that ability to change the compliance

680
00:34:15.840 --> 00:34:18.280
<v Speaker 3>is what we need to take from that adaptation and

681
00:34:18.320 --> 00:34:19.920
<v Speaker 3>bring that into someone with them phazema.

682
00:34:20.320 --> 00:34:24.400
<v Speaker 2>So an anatomist or functional morphologist looks at structures and says,

683
00:34:24.559 --> 00:34:27.320
<v Speaker 2>that's tight. How can humans do that too? Like the

684
00:34:27.360 --> 00:34:31.280
<v Speaker 2>animal kingdoms and influencer and we're like, I love your shorts,

685
00:34:31.360 --> 00:34:34.480
<v Speaker 2>and then we figure out how to diy them with biotech.

686
00:34:34.960 --> 00:34:40.519
<v Speaker 2>So Joy cites another example gastro esophageal reflux, which is

687
00:34:40.559 --> 00:34:43.760
<v Speaker 2>also a great a bummer for those afflicted people.

688
00:34:43.480 --> 00:34:47.599
<v Speaker 3>Who are burping and regurgitating their food and the acid

689
00:34:47.679 --> 00:34:50.840
<v Speaker 3>is getting into their throat and it's irritating their larynx

690
00:34:51.280 --> 00:34:53.599
<v Speaker 3>can even get down into the lungs and cause asthma

691
00:34:54.559 --> 00:34:56.920
<v Speaker 3>get into the back of the mouth and erode the

692
00:34:56.960 --> 00:34:59.480
<v Speaker 3>back of teeth. You know, your molars can be rowed

693
00:34:59.480 --> 00:35:01.440
<v Speaker 3>away from that said, all lots of bad things happen

694
00:35:01.559 --> 00:35:04.960
<v Speaker 3>if you can't control that acid reflux. But there are

695
00:35:05.039 --> 00:35:08.599
<v Speaker 3>animals that regurgitate all the time and don't have these problems. Now,

696
00:35:08.599 --> 00:35:12.000
<v Speaker 3>maybe the luminance, yes, ruminance do it. Now, maybe they've

697
00:35:12.039 --> 00:35:14.480
<v Speaker 3>already got rid of the acid opponent because they're dealing

698
00:35:14.519 --> 00:35:17.199
<v Speaker 3>with a multi chambered stomach and the acid digestions in

699
00:35:17.239 --> 00:35:20.800
<v Speaker 3>another part of the stomach. Okay, so they've decidified what

700
00:35:20.880 --> 00:35:23.519
<v Speaker 3>it is they're going to be bringing up. But they

701
00:35:23.559 --> 00:35:25.119
<v Speaker 3>also don't insult their larynx.

702
00:35:25.599 --> 00:35:30.360
<v Speaker 2>Colonel larynx, you have nothing but a nonsense spewing throat accordion.

703
00:35:31.159 --> 00:35:36.679
<v Speaker 3>Oh, every time the food comes up, it doesn't go

704
00:35:36.719 --> 00:35:38.480
<v Speaker 3>down the voice box and down the wrong pipe and

705
00:35:38.559 --> 00:35:41.239
<v Speaker 3>end up in their lungs, have them gagging and coughing

706
00:35:41.280 --> 00:35:44.079
<v Speaker 3>and having a sore throat kind of you know, voice.

707
00:35:44.639 --> 00:35:47.840
<v Speaker 3>But they divert it around that opening and they don't

708
00:35:47.880 --> 00:35:50.559
<v Speaker 3>choke on it. How do they do that? They essentially

709
00:35:50.599 --> 00:35:52.400
<v Speaker 3>have a splash guard in the back of their throat.

710
00:35:52.559 --> 00:35:53.840
<v Speaker 2>They have a splash guard.

711
00:35:53.960 --> 00:35:57.480
<v Speaker 3>Yes, we don't have that, so if we regurgitate, it

712
00:35:57.480 --> 00:35:59.480
<v Speaker 3>goes right into the opening of the larynx because there's

713
00:35:59.480 --> 00:36:00.400
<v Speaker 3>all kinds of problems.

714
00:36:00.679 --> 00:36:02.599
<v Speaker 2>I just love the idea of you looking star eyed

715
00:36:02.599 --> 00:36:05.519
<v Speaker 2>at a cow being like, how do you not get

716
00:36:05.559 --> 00:36:07.159
<v Speaker 2>acid down your throat?

717
00:36:07.519 --> 00:36:10.039
<v Speaker 3>How do you do it? Like, tell me your secrets.

718
00:36:10.079 --> 00:36:13.840
<v Speaker 2>The cows like, well, I've got a splash guard. So excited.

719
00:36:15.039 --> 00:36:16.920
<v Speaker 3>So these are the secrets that we try to find.

720
00:36:17.000 --> 00:36:19.039
<v Speaker 3>When we look at animals that are diverse. They don't

721
00:36:19.079 --> 00:36:21.039
<v Speaker 3>even have to be all that exotic. Cattle are not

722
00:36:21.079 --> 00:36:24.400
<v Speaker 3>that exotic. But if you're looking at something that's different

723
00:36:24.400 --> 00:36:26.840
<v Speaker 3>from a human, it's got something that makes it different.

724
00:36:26.960 --> 00:36:28.840
<v Speaker 3>We want to know what that thing is and is

725
00:36:28.840 --> 00:36:32.440
<v Speaker 3>this something useful about that. So sometimes if we look

726
00:36:32.480 --> 00:36:34.679
<v Speaker 3>at very weird animals, the weirder they are, the better

727
00:36:34.719 --> 00:36:38.119
<v Speaker 3>because the more likely they have some unusual adaptation that

728
00:36:38.119 --> 00:36:42.239
<v Speaker 3>hasn't really been fully explored. And being in a medical center,

729
00:36:42.320 --> 00:36:46.079
<v Speaker 3>I'm prepared by understanding the sort of you know, the

730
00:36:46.119 --> 00:36:49.360
<v Speaker 3>whole human condition and the various diseases that can happen

731
00:36:49.400 --> 00:36:52.599
<v Speaker 3>or various injuries that can happen. So having that awareness,

732
00:36:52.639 --> 00:36:55.920
<v Speaker 3>and mostly that's through my medical colleagues, Okay, teaching me

733
00:36:55.920 --> 00:36:59.079
<v Speaker 3>about it makes me better prepared so that when I

734
00:36:59.119 --> 00:37:02.280
<v Speaker 3>see an animal weird adaptation, I already know what that

735
00:37:02.360 --> 00:37:03.400
<v Speaker 3>application is going to be.

736
00:37:03.639 --> 00:37:04.679
<v Speaker 2>Oh that's smart.

737
00:37:04.719 --> 00:37:08.599
<v Speaker 3>So I'm I'm prepared to find the fun things in

738
00:37:08.639 --> 00:37:10.760
<v Speaker 3>these animals that I then think can be developed into

739
00:37:10.800 --> 00:37:15.320
<v Speaker 3>a protective or a treatment, you know, device for people.

740
00:37:15.559 --> 00:37:18.599
<v Speaker 2>In your knowledge, you have a range of problems, so

741
00:37:18.679 --> 00:37:20.519
<v Speaker 2>it's kind of like a puzzle piece, like when you

742
00:37:20.559 --> 00:37:23.079
<v Speaker 2>see the negative of that, you can go, ah, I

743
00:37:23.119 --> 00:37:23.639
<v Speaker 2>know where that.

744
00:37:23.519 --> 00:37:25.239
<v Speaker 3>Can go when I see it. That's one of those things.

745
00:37:25.320 --> 00:37:28.519
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, one of those like pornography and when I see it,

746
00:37:28.559 --> 00:37:31.360
<v Speaker 2>as they say, now, how many different animals are you

747
00:37:31.480 --> 00:37:34.920
<v Speaker 2>dissecting and studying like on the daily or the weekly?

748
00:37:34.960 --> 00:37:36.920
<v Speaker 2>Are you like I'm on a real whale kick or

749
00:37:36.960 --> 00:37:39.119
<v Speaker 2>is it like you might get a raccoon in later today?

750
00:37:40.119 --> 00:37:45.800
<v Speaker 3>Later today, I'm expecting an ai. It's ben It's a

751
00:37:46.119 --> 00:37:47.360
<v Speaker 3>lemur from Madagascar?

752
00:37:47.440 --> 00:37:49.920
<v Speaker 2>Are you serious? Where is it coming from? From Madagas?

753
00:37:50.039 --> 00:37:54.519
<v Speaker 3>Actually from well, this particular one is on loan from

754
00:37:54.559 --> 00:37:58.199
<v Speaker 3>Cornell University from a colleague of mine who was the

755
00:37:58.559 --> 00:38:00.599
<v Speaker 3>very same guy who gave me the toadfish to a

756
00:38:00.679 --> 00:38:04.000
<v Speaker 3>sect doctor Howie Evans. Oh my god, is his nineties.

757
00:38:05.039 --> 00:38:07.599
<v Speaker 3>He's loaned me this eye to look at. We've just

758
00:38:07.760 --> 00:38:10.400
<v Speaker 3>finished getting it MRI scan so it's supposed to come

759
00:38:10.440 --> 00:38:13.639
<v Speaker 3>back up here to later today after the scanning. And

760
00:38:14.000 --> 00:38:17.719
<v Speaker 3>this II is a really really rare lemur. And it

761
00:38:17.800 --> 00:38:20.320
<v Speaker 3>was actually collected in eighteen seventy five, and it was

762
00:38:20.400 --> 00:38:23.239
<v Speaker 3>at the time packaged in rum because they didn't have

763
00:38:23.320 --> 00:38:25.039
<v Speaker 3>preserving fluids like we have today.

764
00:38:25.199 --> 00:38:27.400
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, that sounds like.

765
00:38:27.400 --> 00:38:30.199
<v Speaker 3>That's so old and precious. This particular specimen.

766
00:38:29.840 --> 00:38:32.280
<v Speaker 2>Is damn and so it's pickled.

767
00:38:32.440 --> 00:38:35.000
<v Speaker 3>It's pickled golden booze. It sounds like golden booze. Well,

768
00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:36.679
<v Speaker 3>now it's in alcohol, but it was, you know, in

769
00:38:37.400 --> 00:38:40.960
<v Speaker 3>normal preserving alcohols as opposed to know, some rum that

770
00:38:41.079 --> 00:38:41.639
<v Speaker 3>was on the ship.

771
00:38:41.960 --> 00:38:45.280
<v Speaker 2>Just like Bacardi like spring break, that lemur so hard,

772
00:38:45.960 --> 00:38:47.760
<v Speaker 2>you're like, we put him in a Pina colada, but

773
00:38:47.840 --> 00:38:50.960
<v Speaker 2>he's holding up five. And so you're gonna look at

774
00:38:50.960 --> 00:38:53.880
<v Speaker 2>an EI later today or later this week.

775
00:38:54.320 --> 00:38:56.880
<v Speaker 3>Well, we're gonna look at the scans from it. Cool

776
00:38:57.039 --> 00:38:58.880
<v Speaker 3>because we can't open it. We have to return at home.

777
00:38:58.880 --> 00:39:00.239
<v Speaker 3>But we are going to look at the scan from

778
00:39:00.280 --> 00:39:01.000
<v Speaker 3>this II.

779
00:39:01.000 --> 00:39:03.360
<v Speaker 2>And is there a particular problem that you're looking for

780
00:39:03.719 --> 00:39:06.320
<v Speaker 2>to solve with that? Like does it have a crazy.

781
00:39:06.000 --> 00:39:08.800
<v Speaker 3>Crazy I actually don't even know what we're gonna find yet.

782
00:39:08.920 --> 00:39:11.000
<v Speaker 3>You know, when you look at a really exotic animal,

783
00:39:11.000 --> 00:39:12.239
<v Speaker 3>to me, it's like getting a present.

784
00:39:12.639 --> 00:39:14.360
<v Speaker 2>I love her? How much do you love her?

785
00:39:17.960 --> 00:39:19.760
<v Speaker 3>I can't wait to open the wrapper and see what's

786
00:39:19.760 --> 00:39:21.760
<v Speaker 3>inside the present. I don't know what I'm gonna find,

787
00:39:22.440 --> 00:39:25.000
<v Speaker 3>but I'm going to find something because otherwise it would

788
00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:27.679
<v Speaker 3>look like everything else. If it doesn't look like everything else,

789
00:39:27.719 --> 00:39:29.119
<v Speaker 3>that's what I want to know. I want to know

790
00:39:29.159 --> 00:39:31.400
<v Speaker 3>why it doesn't look like everything else, and what come

791
00:39:31.440 --> 00:39:34.960
<v Speaker 3>we learn from that? And maybe there's something in there

792
00:39:34.960 --> 00:39:36.360
<v Speaker 3>that we can use for people.

793
00:39:37.119 --> 00:39:39.519
<v Speaker 2>And how did you get because I mean, I've seen

794
00:39:39.559 --> 00:39:44.280
<v Speaker 2>these videos of you scaling whales. I mean, the most

795
00:39:44.400 --> 00:39:46.440
<v Speaker 2>bad ass you've ever seen. There's a whale on a beach.

796
00:39:46.679 --> 00:39:50.559
<v Speaker 2>There are like a hundred spectators and there's you in

797
00:39:50.760 --> 00:39:54.960
<v Speaker 2>full yellow slinkers with like a machete scaling it like

798
00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:57.599
<v Speaker 2>a tiny mountain and just cutting it open and like

799
00:39:58.000 --> 00:40:01.320
<v Speaker 2>blubbers everywhere. I'd like to play you a clip from

800
00:40:01.440 --> 00:40:05.599
<v Speaker 2>Inside Nature's Giants, wherein doctor Riidenberg has arrived on a

801
00:40:05.639 --> 00:40:09.280
<v Speaker 2>beach in the pre dawn dead of night to lead

802
00:40:09.440 --> 00:40:13.079
<v Speaker 2>a whale dissection, and as she carves into the abdomen

803
00:40:13.360 --> 00:40:15.559
<v Speaker 2>with something that appears to be a chef's knife.

804
00:40:15.920 --> 00:40:20.239
<v Speaker 5>It's really really fresh. I don't smell anything. It's like

805
00:40:20.599 --> 00:40:23.119
<v Speaker 5>it's like walking down the butcher's ale in the supermarket.

806
00:40:23.639 --> 00:40:27.159
<v Speaker 5>All the meats, really fresh hair. This animal, I think

807
00:40:27.280 --> 00:40:35.800
<v Speaker 5>is only around twenty four hours dead. So we gotta

808
00:40:35.840 --> 00:40:38.719
<v Speaker 5>wipe get my face, wipe down around my lips.

809
00:40:39.400 --> 00:40:44.960
<v Speaker 3>It's funny. That's probably the most.

810
00:40:44.840 --> 00:40:46.280
<v Speaker 5>Dangerous thing is if you get in your eyes are

811
00:40:46.360 --> 00:40:48.199
<v Speaker 5>in your mouth, and so I know enough to keep

812
00:40:48.199 --> 00:40:52.199
<v Speaker 5>my mouth shut, but probably poked one of the intestines

813
00:40:52.599 --> 00:40:54.960
<v Speaker 5>and that was just all the gas in the intestines

814
00:40:56.159 --> 00:41:02.400
<v Speaker 5>sprayed me in the face. Oh that was probably better

815
00:41:02.480 --> 00:41:03.639
<v Speaker 5>than that.

816
00:41:06.440 --> 00:41:11.320
<v Speaker 2>The whale intestine has released a death fart into her face.

817
00:41:11.519 --> 00:41:16.880
<v Speaker 2>And not only does she remain composed and professional but jovial.

818
00:41:17.400 --> 00:41:20.440
<v Speaker 2>How does she do it? And can she run for president?

819
00:41:21.119 --> 00:41:23.840
<v Speaker 2>You're like, oh my god, Like this is an art

820
00:41:23.880 --> 00:41:25.960
<v Speaker 2>forum that you how do you get good at that?

821
00:41:26.000 --> 00:41:28.800
<v Speaker 2>Because it's amazing. What does it smell like?

822
00:41:28.920 --> 00:41:30.079
<v Speaker 3>How do you know where you're cutting?

823
00:41:30.119 --> 00:41:30.199
<v Speaker 2>Like?

824
00:41:30.280 --> 00:41:31.159
<v Speaker 3>What do you do with the pieces?

825
00:41:32.320 --> 00:41:33.920
<v Speaker 2>Side note, that was a lot of questions.

826
00:41:34.360 --> 00:41:35.639
<v Speaker 3>Wow, that's a lot of questions.

827
00:41:35.679 --> 00:41:35.840
<v Speaker 5>I know.

828
00:41:35.840 --> 00:41:40.199
<v Speaker 3>I'm sorry. We'll start with the pros. So I don't

829
00:41:40.239 --> 00:41:43.480
<v Speaker 3>remember which was the first? Get how? How do you?

830
00:41:43.519 --> 00:41:45.440
<v Speaker 2>How do you What was the first time you dissected

831
00:41:45.440 --> 00:41:47.159
<v Speaker 2>a whale on a beach? Like, because I imagine you

832
00:41:47.159 --> 00:41:48.159
<v Speaker 2>got to do it on site.

833
00:41:49.079 --> 00:41:51.440
<v Speaker 3>Yes, the first The first time I disrected it wasn't

834
00:41:51.440 --> 00:41:54.039
<v Speaker 3>a really big whale. It was actually a fairly small whale.

835
00:41:54.440 --> 00:41:57.039
<v Speaker 2>Buckle up, folks, who this woman tells good stories.

836
00:41:57.440 --> 00:42:00.400
<v Speaker 3>It was a pigmies for whale. Oh and it was

837
00:42:00.440 --> 00:42:04.159
<v Speaker 3>about I don't know, fifteen feet long. Oh and it

838
00:42:04.320 --> 00:42:07.599
<v Speaker 3>actually it was on a beach, but not when I

839
00:42:07.639 --> 00:42:11.079
<v Speaker 3>saw it. So it was my very very first whales section.

840
00:42:11.199 --> 00:42:13.559
<v Speaker 3>I was a very excited graduate student at the time.

841
00:42:13.960 --> 00:42:16.199
<v Speaker 3>I didn't have a car, so I got the call

842
00:42:16.679 --> 00:42:18.320
<v Speaker 3>and I thought, if I don't go down there right

843
00:42:18.360 --> 00:42:20.039
<v Speaker 3>away and get the specimen, I'm never going to get

844
00:42:20.039 --> 00:42:22.000
<v Speaker 3>another one, because when are they gonna call me again?

845
00:42:22.000 --> 00:42:23.760
<v Speaker 3>If I don't show up right, yeah, And they said

846
00:42:23.760 --> 00:42:25.320
<v Speaker 3>you got to be here by nine o'clock because the

847
00:42:25.400 --> 00:42:28.519
<v Speaker 3>Smithsonian is coming to take it away. Wow. So if

848
00:42:28.559 --> 00:42:29.920
<v Speaker 3>you want to just get a piece out of this,

849
00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:31.559
<v Speaker 3>they just want the skeleton, you can come get your

850
00:42:31.559 --> 00:42:34.159
<v Speaker 3>soft tissues that you need for your research. WHOA. Then

851
00:42:34.199 --> 00:42:36.559
<v Speaker 3>at the time, I was very interested in well how

852
00:42:36.599 --> 00:42:38.760
<v Speaker 3>whales were making sound underwater, So I needed to get

853
00:42:38.760 --> 00:42:43.519
<v Speaker 3>the voice box. So I rented a car. Oh no,

854
00:42:43.719 --> 00:42:48.920
<v Speaker 3>car rental places in New York don'tald until eight and Brigantine,

855
00:42:48.920 --> 00:42:52.360
<v Speaker 3>which is where this was near Atlantic City, is about

856
00:42:52.800 --> 00:42:55.480
<v Speaker 3>two and a half maybe three hours away. Oh no.

857
00:42:56.400 --> 00:42:59.119
<v Speaker 3>So I was doing a very swift fifty five out

858
00:42:59.159 --> 00:43:03.079
<v Speaker 3>of New York and I got pulled over by a

859
00:43:03.119 --> 00:43:06.719
<v Speaker 3>police officer on the Garden State Parkway, and I remember

860
00:43:07.119 --> 00:43:10.480
<v Speaker 3>so vividly. I didn't know you're supposed to stay in

861
00:43:10.480 --> 00:43:13.920
<v Speaker 3>the car. I got out of the car because I

862
00:43:13.920 --> 00:43:15.960
<v Speaker 3>thought I would like expedite this and get this over with.

863
00:43:16.280 --> 00:43:18.400
<v Speaker 3>So he was a little surprised. I was already waiting

864
00:43:18.400 --> 00:43:19.239
<v Speaker 3>for mother's shoulder.

865
00:43:19.760 --> 00:43:21.239
<v Speaker 2>You're like, I got a sperm whale to cut up.

866
00:43:21.280 --> 00:43:24.559
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I gotta move here, I gotta move And so

867
00:43:24.559 --> 00:43:26.840
<v Speaker 3>so he asked me, well, why are you Why are

868
00:43:26.880 --> 00:43:28.880
<v Speaker 3>you going so fast? Yeah, they always asked that question

869
00:43:28.920 --> 00:43:31.000
<v Speaker 3>because maybe maybe you're gonna have a baby or something.

870
00:43:31.039 --> 00:43:33.800
<v Speaker 3>I don't know, right, right, I wasn't gonna have a baby.

871
00:43:33.800 --> 00:43:35.119
<v Speaker 3>So I told him I was on my way to wove

872
00:43:35.159 --> 00:43:37.440
<v Speaker 3>stranded whale, which I'm sure is an excuse he'd never

873
00:43:37.480 --> 00:43:38.039
<v Speaker 3>heard before.

874
00:43:38.760 --> 00:43:42.679
<v Speaker 2>Uh, officer, I'm about to give birth to a baby

875
00:43:42.840 --> 00:43:47.000
<v Speaker 2>whale that's also on fire. There's a there's a fire

876
00:43:47.119 --> 00:43:50.400
<v Speaker 2>too in me. Please let me go.

877
00:43:51.519 --> 00:43:53.480
<v Speaker 3>And and I thought I was being a well official.

878
00:43:53.480 --> 00:43:55.360
<v Speaker 3>I put on my white coat, I had my d

879
00:43:55.519 --> 00:43:59.000
<v Speaker 3>tag graduate student in anatomy. You know. I was ready.

880
00:43:59.079 --> 00:44:02.199
<v Speaker 3>I was ready for this, right. And then he looked

881
00:44:02.199 --> 00:44:04.440
<v Speaker 3>in the back of my car. Oh boy, And I

882
00:44:04.480 --> 00:44:06.440
<v Speaker 3>had put everything I thought I was going to need

883
00:44:06.559 --> 00:44:07.800
<v Speaker 3>in the back of the car because it was my

884
00:44:07.840 --> 00:44:13.079
<v Speaker 3>first whale stranding. So I had gloves, and I had

885
00:44:13.199 --> 00:44:16.920
<v Speaker 3>plastic bags, you know, big black trash bags. And I

886
00:44:17.000 --> 00:44:20.960
<v Speaker 3>had scalpels, and I had knives, and I had bigger knives.

887
00:44:21.000 --> 00:44:23.920
<v Speaker 3>And I had bigger knives, and I had machetes. And

888
00:44:23.960 --> 00:44:26.320
<v Speaker 3>then I had all these things that like gardeners use

889
00:44:26.400 --> 00:44:28.400
<v Speaker 3>because I thought I might need to clip ribs. So

890
00:44:28.440 --> 00:44:32.239
<v Speaker 3>I had like these loppers and pruners and big wood saws,

891
00:44:32.320 --> 00:44:36.320
<v Speaker 3>and I had all kinds of things back there in

892
00:44:36.360 --> 00:44:39.079
<v Speaker 3>a redful car, in a rental car. But the thing was,

893
00:44:39.239 --> 00:44:40.800
<v Speaker 3>he was looking at this, and all of a sudden

894
00:44:40.840 --> 00:44:42.880
<v Speaker 3>his face turned white. Now he was white to begin with,

895
00:44:42.960 --> 00:44:47.000
<v Speaker 3>but he got whiter. He's looking at this stuff. And

896
00:44:47.039 --> 00:44:48.960
<v Speaker 3>now I know why the cops. You know, they wear

897
00:44:49.000 --> 00:44:51.159
<v Speaker 3>the sunglasses so you can't read what's going on with

898
00:44:51.159 --> 00:44:54.239
<v Speaker 3>their eyes. Right, he's looking at this, and he gets

899
00:44:54.280 --> 00:44:58.159
<v Speaker 3>really quiet, and he says to me, what's all that for?

900
00:44:58.480 --> 00:45:02.159
<v Speaker 3>Oh no, And I realized why he turned white. I

901
00:45:02.199 --> 00:45:04.599
<v Speaker 3>had heard on the radio the day before that the

902
00:45:04.719 --> 00:45:07.360
<v Speaker 3>police had found a body that had been chopped into

903
00:45:07.360 --> 00:45:11.800
<v Speaker 3>pieces in black plastic bags floating down the Passaic River.

904
00:45:13.280 --> 00:45:16.119
<v Speaker 3>And I think he suddenly realized that I might be

905
00:45:16.159 --> 00:45:18.920
<v Speaker 3>the murderer because I had all the nohow and I

906
00:45:18.960 --> 00:45:21.280
<v Speaker 3>had all the equipment, and there it was in the car,

907
00:45:21.320 --> 00:45:24.239
<v Speaker 3>and I was running away as fast as I could.

908
00:45:24.320 --> 00:45:27.440
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, you've fit the profile a million percent.

909
00:45:27.360 --> 00:45:29.079
<v Speaker 3>I know. And I was terrified that I was going

910
00:45:29.159 --> 00:45:34.360
<v Speaker 3>to be taken in from murder. So so I was

911
00:45:34.440 --> 00:45:37.880
<v Speaker 3>I got really nervous, and that's not a good sign either,

912
00:45:37.880 --> 00:45:39.480
<v Speaker 3>because now you get nervous in front of a cop

913
00:45:39.519 --> 00:45:41.880
<v Speaker 3>and they think for sure you're guilty, right, yeah.

914
00:45:41.719 --> 00:45:42.000
<v Speaker 2>I got.

915
00:45:42.000 --> 00:45:44.159
<v Speaker 3>I hope you didn't get so light, so I didn't

916
00:45:44.159 --> 00:45:46.400
<v Speaker 3>get like, I didn't have a vasophical reaction. I didn't

917
00:45:46.400 --> 00:45:48.840
<v Speaker 3>pass out, because that would have been really bad. So

918
00:45:49.039 --> 00:45:51.920
<v Speaker 3>I said to him, well, that's if I don't get

919
00:45:51.960 --> 00:45:56.599
<v Speaker 3>there in time. I didn't tell him that the whale

920
00:45:56.679 --> 00:45:59.360
<v Speaker 3>was already dead. I just said it was a stranded whale.

921
00:45:59.440 --> 00:46:01.400
<v Speaker 3>So in his I mean, there was this flopping around

922
00:46:01.440 --> 00:46:03.000
<v Speaker 3>whale on the beach, and if I do would get

923
00:46:03.000 --> 00:46:04.440
<v Speaker 3>there before it dies, I'm going to have to cut

924
00:46:04.480 --> 00:46:07.519
<v Speaker 3>it up, right. So he went back to his car,

925
00:46:07.559 --> 00:46:09.360
<v Speaker 3>and I thought, for sure, he's he's trying to figure

926
00:46:09.400 --> 00:46:11.840
<v Speaker 3>out if I'm the murderer, right right. And you know,

927
00:46:11.840 --> 00:46:13.880
<v Speaker 3>we didn't have cell phones either, so I couldn't call

928
00:46:13.920 --> 00:46:16.119
<v Speaker 3>them and tell them what was happening this whole time.

929
00:46:17.000 --> 00:46:20.599
<v Speaker 3>So he he radioed back to headquarters I'm sure to

930
00:46:20.760 --> 00:46:24.000
<v Speaker 3>say what kind of crazy person he had found, and

931
00:46:24.039 --> 00:46:27.159
<v Speaker 3>they gave him permission to escort me. He came back

932
00:46:27.199 --> 00:46:30.119
<v Speaker 3>and I never got a ticket, he escorted me. He said,

933
00:46:30.400 --> 00:46:32.599
<v Speaker 3>I'm going to escort you to the whale stranding. He

934
00:46:32.639 --> 00:46:34.239
<v Speaker 3>must have called ahead to the cop at the whale

935
00:46:34.239 --> 00:46:36.800
<v Speaker 3>stranding down in Brigantine, who said, yeah, yeah, we got

936
00:46:36.800 --> 00:46:37.719
<v Speaker 3>a whale on the beach here.

937
00:46:37.719 --> 00:46:40.960
<v Speaker 2>You know, can you even with the story right now?

938
00:46:40.960 --> 00:46:44.360
<v Speaker 3>Though? So the cop down there held up the Smithsonia

939
00:46:44.400 --> 00:46:47.719
<v Speaker 3>so they wouldn't leave. Oh, because I was well past

940
00:46:47.840 --> 00:46:50.159
<v Speaker 3>nine by the time I arrived. Sure, yes, And I'm

941
00:46:50.159 --> 00:46:51.559
<v Speaker 3>following him and he says, you have to pay all

942
00:46:51.599 --> 00:46:53.719
<v Speaker 3>the tolls, like, okay, we didn't have easy pass back then,

943
00:46:53.760 --> 00:46:56.199
<v Speaker 3>you know. He had to actually pay each hopper, you know,

944
00:46:56.519 --> 00:46:58.159
<v Speaker 3>you know the little coins.

945
00:46:58.039 --> 00:46:59.519
<v Speaker 2>Did you have to pay the cops tolls too?

946
00:46:59.800 --> 00:47:01.840
<v Speaker 3>And he went right through the but I had to

947
00:47:01.840 --> 00:47:03.519
<v Speaker 3>page till he would. He would go through, and he'd

948
00:47:03.519 --> 00:47:05.719
<v Speaker 3>wait and I'd have to pay, and then then we'd

949
00:47:05.880 --> 00:47:08.280
<v Speaker 3>go on and and you know, sirens and everything. We

950
00:47:08.280 --> 00:47:11.719
<v Speaker 3>were going really really fast. And I arrived to my

951
00:47:12.000 --> 00:47:15.079
<v Speaker 3>very first whale stretting with a police as court, with

952
00:47:15.400 --> 00:47:19.480
<v Speaker 3>sirens and lights and everything. I made a big deal entry.

953
00:47:20.800 --> 00:47:25.480
<v Speaker 3>It was very memorable on many accounts. God, that is

954
00:47:25.719 --> 00:47:29.480
<v Speaker 3>the way to arrive, dude, that's that was. That was

955
00:47:29.519 --> 00:47:33.239
<v Speaker 3>my first whale stretting. Did he stay to watch? He

956
00:47:33.360 --> 00:47:35.280
<v Speaker 3>did not. Once I climbed on top of the whale,

957
00:47:35.320 --> 00:47:37.360
<v Speaker 3>he was done. It was like, Okay, I'm out of here.

958
00:47:37.360 --> 00:47:40.360
<v Speaker 3>Which is gonna make blood? I'm gonna use those things

959
00:47:40.440 --> 00:47:42.599
<v Speaker 3>in the back of the car that made him turn white.

960
00:47:43.000 --> 00:47:45.679
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, what pressure, though. I feel like in

961
00:47:45.760 --> 00:47:49.199
<v Speaker 2>all of the fishermen's saloons and all of the seaside

962
00:47:49.199 --> 00:47:53.280
<v Speaker 2>towns all over the globe of all time, that's gotta

963
00:47:53.320 --> 00:47:57.079
<v Speaker 2>be one of the best whale stories ever. Right, how

964
00:47:57.119 --> 00:47:59.239
<v Speaker 2>do you so it's a fifteen foot whale? How do

965
00:47:59.280 --> 00:48:02.440
<v Speaker 2>you know to scale it and where to start zipping

966
00:48:02.519 --> 00:48:03.440
<v Speaker 2>into it?

967
00:48:03.559 --> 00:48:06.920
<v Speaker 3>Well, most vertebrates are built on the same body plan. Well, so,

968
00:48:06.960 --> 00:48:09.119
<v Speaker 3>whether it's a fifteen foot whale or it's a sixty

969
00:48:09.119 --> 00:48:11.719
<v Speaker 3>five foot whale like the one you know that maybe

970
00:48:11.760 --> 00:48:14.000
<v Speaker 3>people have seen on TV or I'm dissecting for inside

971
00:48:14.079 --> 00:48:18.639
<v Speaker 3>Nature's giants, the whale has a similar body plan to

972
00:48:18.719 --> 00:48:22.159
<v Speaker 3>you and I. It's got a head, right, it's got

973
00:48:22.159 --> 00:48:24.599
<v Speaker 3>a spine, it's got a heart, it's got two lungs,

974
00:48:24.599 --> 00:48:27.159
<v Speaker 3>it's got one liver, it's got intestines, it's got two kidneys.

975
00:48:27.159 --> 00:48:29.480
<v Speaker 3>It's got all the same things we have as mammals.

976
00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:32.880
<v Speaker 3>The only thing it doesn't have is hind legs, but

977
00:48:32.920 --> 00:48:35.679
<v Speaker 3>there are remnants of that too. So if you're looking

978
00:48:35.679 --> 00:48:37.239
<v Speaker 3>for a particular organ, it's going to be in a

979
00:48:37.239 --> 00:48:41.400
<v Speaker 3>predictable place because the body plan is pretty similar. So

980
00:48:41.480 --> 00:48:43.159
<v Speaker 3>I know I'm looking for a voice box. I know

981
00:48:43.199 --> 00:48:44.639
<v Speaker 3>the voice box is going to be in the neck.

982
00:48:44.719 --> 00:48:46.840
<v Speaker 3>We whales don't have much of a neck. It kind

983
00:48:46.840 --> 00:48:48.760
<v Speaker 3>of go from head to body, right.

984
00:48:48.559 --> 00:48:50.280
<v Speaker 2>They're kind of like dudes at the gym that are

985
00:48:50.280 --> 00:48:51.280
<v Speaker 2>there a little too much.

986
00:48:51.360 --> 00:48:54.480
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, exactly, very built up, right, and particularly considering those

987
00:48:54.519 --> 00:48:57.719
<v Speaker 3>muscles are being used for movement, you know, they are

988
00:48:57.760 --> 00:49:02.199
<v Speaker 3>built up. So the whales neck doesn't really exist us

989
00:49:02.239 --> 00:49:04.079
<v Speaker 3>a neck like it does in US. But that's where

990
00:49:04.119 --> 00:49:05.679
<v Speaker 3>I'm going to find a voice box, and that's what

991
00:49:05.719 --> 00:49:08.199
<v Speaker 3>I was looking for. So it meant you go to

992
00:49:08.239 --> 00:49:10.599
<v Speaker 3>the back of the jaw and cut it open. It's

993
00:49:10.599 --> 00:49:13.039
<v Speaker 3>gonna be somewhere near the back of the jaw and

994
00:49:13.280 --> 00:49:15.159
<v Speaker 3>in front of the front of the chest, which is

995
00:49:15.159 --> 00:49:17.000
<v Speaker 3>a very small area in the whale. So you know,

996
00:49:17.039 --> 00:49:19.039
<v Speaker 3>you have one little area to look in, and that's

997
00:49:19.079 --> 00:49:19.760
<v Speaker 3>what it's gonna be.

998
00:49:20.559 --> 00:49:22.519
<v Speaker 2>So what does a voicebox look like in a whale?

999
00:49:23.280 --> 00:49:27.440
<v Speaker 3>Well, it's huge, it's really huge. So imagine if your

1000
00:49:27.559 --> 00:49:30.519
<v Speaker 3>voice box was as big as a whales in proportion

1001
00:49:30.639 --> 00:49:34.119
<v Speaker 3>to your body. Okay, not absolutely big, Okay, absolutely big.

1002
00:49:34.239 --> 00:49:37.199
<v Speaker 3>I've seen voiceboxes. The whales are like twelve feet long. Okay,

1003
00:49:37.239 --> 00:49:39.760
<v Speaker 3>they're huge, you know. And they have a big sack

1004
00:49:39.880 --> 00:49:41.679
<v Speaker 3>under them that they use for recycling air that I

1005
00:49:41.679 --> 00:49:44.159
<v Speaker 3>could just climb into like a sleeping bag. That's a

1006
00:49:44.199 --> 00:49:47.840
<v Speaker 3>really big voicebox. But how big is that? Considering the

1007
00:49:47.840 --> 00:49:51.000
<v Speaker 3>whale is really big. It's just big as the whales big, right, No,

1008
00:49:51.239 --> 00:49:56.000
<v Speaker 3>it's big even considering that. Because the voice box of

1009
00:49:56.039 --> 00:49:58.320
<v Speaker 3>a big whale, like and I would say big whale,

1010
00:49:58.360 --> 00:50:00.840
<v Speaker 3>I mean a whale like a a fin whale or

1011
00:50:00.840 --> 00:50:03.920
<v Speaker 3>a blue whale or a humpback whale, that voice box

1012
00:50:04.480 --> 00:50:06.440
<v Speaker 3>is as big as a lung, you know. You imagine

1013
00:50:06.480 --> 00:50:09.639
<v Speaker 3>your larynx voice box went from the top of your

1014
00:50:09.639 --> 00:50:11.840
<v Speaker 3>shoulder down to the bomby rib cage.

1015
00:50:12.000 --> 00:50:14.239
<v Speaker 2>It's like having a saxophone in your body.

1016
00:50:14.400 --> 00:50:16.760
<v Speaker 3>You just talk it through a saxophone, and then you've

1017
00:50:16.800 --> 00:50:20.840
<v Speaker 3>got these animals that can make incredibly loud noises. You

1018
00:50:20.840 --> 00:50:23.239
<v Speaker 3>know some of these power behind some of these noises

1019
00:50:23.239 --> 00:50:24.880
<v Speaker 3>have been equated to a jet engine.

1020
00:50:24.960 --> 00:50:29.239
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, so quick question, how loud is that? Well?

1021
00:50:29.360 --> 00:50:34.320
<v Speaker 2>A whisper between humans is about twenty decibels, normal speaking

1022
00:50:34.400 --> 00:50:41.039
<v Speaker 2>volume about fifty. Shouting is seventy. Jackhammers about one hundred decibels. Now,

1023
00:50:41.119 --> 00:50:44.000
<v Speaker 2>music starts to hurt at around one twenty, and a

1024
00:50:44.119 --> 00:50:47.960
<v Speaker 2>jet engine is about one forty. Ear drums can rupture

1025
00:50:48.119 --> 00:50:51.159
<v Speaker 2>around one hundred and sixty five decibels, and at one

1026
00:50:51.320 --> 00:50:55.719
<v Speaker 2>eight five the noise can literally kill you. Whales louder

1027
00:50:55.760 --> 00:51:04.719
<v Speaker 2>than that. The lovelorn call of a lonely blue whale

1028
00:51:06.119 --> 00:51:10.119
<v Speaker 2>reaches up to one hundred and eighty eight decibels, and

1029
00:51:10.199 --> 00:51:13.280
<v Speaker 2>sperm whales like home of Beer the clicks they use

1030
00:51:13.320 --> 00:51:20.320
<v Speaker 2>for echo location You ready for this two hundred and

1031
00:51:20.400 --> 00:51:23.800
<v Speaker 2>thirty six decibels, which can be heard by other whales

1032
00:51:24.280 --> 00:51:27.960
<v Speaker 2>for thousands of miles. So anytime you see a heavy

1033
00:51:28.000 --> 00:51:32.920
<v Speaker 2>metal band just thrashing, crushing, no that there is a

1034
00:51:32.920 --> 00:51:36.760
<v Speaker 2>big wet leather pickle in the ocean munchin squid. That

1035
00:51:36.920 --> 00:51:40.679
<v Speaker 2>is louder and therefore everything in this life is just ridiculous.

1036
00:51:40.840 --> 00:51:44.119
<v Speaker 1>Imagine the place where you can escape for a day,

1037
00:51:44.920 --> 00:51:49.440
<v Speaker 1>get immersed in a world of rooms, inspiration, and expertise

1038
00:51:50.039 --> 00:51:55.159
<v Speaker 1>where you can lay in luxury accommodation than kids. Cam

1039
00:51:55.199 --> 00:52:01.000
<v Speaker 1>Fees from ninety five sets Take yourself free to everyone

1040
00:52:01.239 --> 00:52:06.239
<v Speaker 1>and include all the attractions you've just imagined a day

1041
00:52:06.360 --> 00:52:10.320
<v Speaker 1>out at the Kia, The Kia the wonderful every day.

1042
00:52:11.079 --> 00:52:14.039
<v Speaker 2>And now when you are climbing inside, let's say a

1043
00:52:14.039 --> 00:52:17.559
<v Speaker 2>whale or another big animal, Like, what is that?

1044
00:52:17.960 --> 00:52:18.159
<v Speaker 3>Like?

1045
00:52:18.760 --> 00:52:20.519
<v Speaker 2>How are you finding your way around? What does it

1046
00:52:20.559 --> 00:52:21.039
<v Speaker 2>smell like?

1047
00:52:21.159 --> 00:52:22.960
<v Speaker 3>Yeah? Well, first of all, it's a really good thing

1048
00:52:23.000 --> 00:52:26.800
<v Speaker 3>that smell. A vision hasn't been invented yet because I

1049
00:52:26.880 --> 00:52:29.760
<v Speaker 3>think most people would turn the show off. Yeah, because

1050
00:52:29.760 --> 00:52:32.039
<v Speaker 3>the smell is really bad. I mean, just imagine you've

1051
00:52:32.079 --> 00:52:34.519
<v Speaker 3>got sixty five feet of rotting flesh. You know, you

1052
00:52:34.559 --> 00:52:37.000
<v Speaker 3>know a bad milk smell is when it goes bad. Yeah,

1053
00:52:37.039 --> 00:52:39.480
<v Speaker 3>Now imagine you've got sixty five feet of quartz of

1054
00:52:39.519 --> 00:52:43.119
<v Speaker 3>milk hanging out there, right. So it's a pretty bad

1055
00:52:43.159 --> 00:52:47.239
<v Speaker 3>smell when it's run. But like most things you get in,

1056
00:52:47.280 --> 00:52:50.159
<v Speaker 3>you're to it after a while, Like you put on perfume,

1057
00:52:50.159 --> 00:52:52.000
<v Speaker 3>maybe an hour later, you don't even smell it. Anymore.

1058
00:52:52.000 --> 00:52:53.719
<v Speaker 3>But yeah, someone else walks into the room for the

1059
00:52:53.760 --> 00:52:55.400
<v Speaker 3>first time, they smell it. Right.

1060
00:52:55.840 --> 00:52:58.280
<v Speaker 2>I just look this up and it's called old factory

1061
00:52:58.440 --> 00:53:03.880
<v Speaker 2>fatigue or all factory adaptation, and our scent receptors essentially

1062
00:53:03.920 --> 00:53:07.400
<v Speaker 2>are just over it. They're like, I'm looking for danger

1063
00:53:07.679 --> 00:53:10.400
<v Speaker 2>or food and if I haven't eaten this or been

1064
00:53:10.480 --> 00:53:13.400
<v Speaker 2>killed by it, forget about it. I don't care. The

1065
00:53:13.519 --> 00:53:16.079
<v Speaker 2>stench is like so five minutes ago.

1066
00:53:16.360 --> 00:53:19.320
<v Speaker 3>Well, that's what's like at oil stranding. After the first hour,

1067
00:53:19.320 --> 00:53:21.719
<v Speaker 3>you don't smell anymore, but everybody who comes to visit

1068
00:53:22.119 --> 00:53:25.119
<v Speaker 3>smells it. And when you leave that stranding, everybody that

1069
00:53:25.199 --> 00:53:28.039
<v Speaker 3>you see smells it on you, no matter how many

1070
00:53:28.039 --> 00:53:30.880
<v Speaker 3>showers you take. Really, because the oil gets under your skin.

1071
00:53:31.000 --> 00:53:33.559
<v Speaker 3>Even when you're wearing like text gloves, it still gets

1072
00:53:33.639 --> 00:53:36.280
<v Speaker 3>under all that, and there's an aura about it. It's

1073
00:53:36.440 --> 00:53:38.679
<v Speaker 3>you know, like when you're around some smoked cigarettes and

1074
00:53:38.719 --> 00:53:41.440
<v Speaker 3>your hair smells. Okay, it's the same thing. Your hair

1075
00:53:41.519 --> 00:53:44.039
<v Speaker 3>is gonna smell, your skin is gonna smell. Your clothing

1076
00:53:44.079 --> 00:53:47.280
<v Speaker 3>if even it was just in the vicinity, is gonna smell.

1077
00:53:47.719 --> 00:53:48.239
<v Speaker 3>What do you do.

1078
00:53:48.320 --> 00:53:50.599
<v Speaker 2>Is there like a special soap that you're like this

1079
00:53:51.000 --> 00:53:54.000
<v Speaker 2>like this time.

1080
00:53:53.079 --> 00:53:57.559
<v Speaker 3>You just have to wait for it to volatilize out,

1081
00:53:57.800 --> 00:54:00.360
<v Speaker 3>because I mean you can wash off the snotty stuff

1082
00:54:00.360 --> 00:54:02.360
<v Speaker 3>that's stuck on your skin, yes, that you can do.

1083
00:54:02.880 --> 00:54:04.920
<v Speaker 3>You can get rid of the oil that's on the outside,

1084
00:54:04.920 --> 00:54:06.559
<v Speaker 3>but you can't get rid of the oil that's moved

1085
00:54:06.599 --> 00:54:09.000
<v Speaker 3>into your skin. That's a good point. You know it's

1086
00:54:09.320 --> 00:54:10.800
<v Speaker 3>now part of you. You just have to wait for

1087
00:54:10.840 --> 00:54:11.840
<v Speaker 3>it to evaporate off.

1088
00:54:12.039 --> 00:54:13.679
<v Speaker 2>How many whales do you think you've dissected?

1089
00:54:14.360 --> 00:54:16.880
<v Speaker 3>Oh gosh, I think I stopped counting a long time ago.

1090
00:54:19.239 --> 00:54:21.480
<v Speaker 3>It's a tough number to come up with because whales

1091
00:54:21.480 --> 00:54:25.199
<v Speaker 3>to me includes all whales, which means dolphins and porpoises too.

1092
00:54:25.760 --> 00:54:30.400
<v Speaker 3>So if you start counting all of these cetaceans, whales, dolphins,

1093
00:54:30.440 --> 00:54:33.119
<v Speaker 3>and porposes, oh, that number is going to be whale

1094
00:54:33.119 --> 00:54:35.559
<v Speaker 3>over three hundred. Wow, maybe more.

1095
00:54:35.800 --> 00:54:39.519
<v Speaker 2>So quick aside, quick, quick on whale evolution. Okay, this

1096
00:54:39.679 --> 00:54:41.920
<v Speaker 2>is not the setology episode, so I don't want to

1097
00:54:41.960 --> 00:54:44.920
<v Speaker 2>go into too much depth and spoil how bananas it is.

1098
00:54:45.199 --> 00:54:48.519
<v Speaker 2>But essentially, whales are very much mammals who started off

1099
00:54:48.559 --> 00:54:51.400
<v Speaker 2>as deer like creatures who just hung out by water

1100
00:54:51.719 --> 00:54:55.760
<v Speaker 2>and sort of gradually slipped into the abyss forever and

1101
00:54:55.880 --> 00:54:59.239
<v Speaker 2>expanded just like you know what, I'm gonna dip out land.

1102
00:54:59.599 --> 00:55:01.960
<v Speaker 2>Good luck with all your walking around. I'm going to

1103
00:55:02.000 --> 00:55:04.599
<v Speaker 2>go sail through water like I'm flying and never have

1104
00:55:04.679 --> 00:55:08.000
<v Speaker 2>to brush my hair. Also, I'm louder than your quiet

1105
00:55:08.000 --> 00:55:11.760
<v Speaker 2>ass metal music and we all know it. Beace Bay Bye.

1106
00:55:12.119 --> 00:55:15.199
<v Speaker 2>And when you're dissecting any kind of animal, or when

1107
00:55:15.239 --> 00:55:18.199
<v Speaker 2>you're when you're mapping out the anatomy or of any

1108
00:55:18.239 --> 00:55:21.199
<v Speaker 2>kind of animal, are you are you ever struck by

1109
00:55:21.239 --> 00:55:24.079
<v Speaker 2>similarities with humans? Like do you do you notice certain

1110
00:55:24.360 --> 00:55:26.119
<v Speaker 2>things about the brain that you're like, Oh, that's a

1111
00:55:26.119 --> 00:55:28.320
<v Speaker 2>pretty human brain. That's surprising for this kind of animal,

1112
00:55:28.480 --> 00:55:32.039
<v Speaker 2>or anything that makes you reflect on kind of your

1113
00:55:32.199 --> 00:55:33.679
<v Speaker 2>your own morphology.

1114
00:55:34.280 --> 00:55:39.039
<v Speaker 3>Oh, absolutely, Because humans are tetrapods, which is a type

1115
00:55:39.039 --> 00:55:42.360
<v Speaker 3>of vertebrate that has four legs. That's so weird, you know,

1116
00:55:42.800 --> 00:55:45.199
<v Speaker 3>that's most of the vertebrates that we know, right, Even

1117
00:55:45.199 --> 00:55:48.079
<v Speaker 3>whales are tetrapods that used to have four legs. You know,

1118
00:55:48.079 --> 00:55:51.119
<v Speaker 3>they still have hind quarters, they still have a pelvis,

1119
00:55:51.159 --> 00:55:53.519
<v Speaker 3>and they still sometimes even have a remnant of a

1120
00:55:53.559 --> 00:55:55.719
<v Speaker 3>femur or thiebone on that pelvis.

1121
00:55:55.960 --> 00:55:59.719
<v Speaker 2>How weird is that nubbans, but nubbins that are huge

1122
00:56:00.079 --> 00:56:00.840
<v Speaker 2>and pointless.

1123
00:56:01.440 --> 00:56:03.400
<v Speaker 3>Again, you're looking at a body. Plants very similar. So

1124
00:56:03.440 --> 00:56:05.880
<v Speaker 3>if I look at a whale's flipper, I am reminded

1125
00:56:05.920 --> 00:56:09.559
<v Speaker 3>of a human because inside that flipper are all the

1126
00:56:09.599 --> 00:56:12.960
<v Speaker 3>same bones that are in our upper extremity. There's a humorus,

1127
00:56:13.039 --> 00:56:15.400
<v Speaker 3>the arm bone, there's the radius and onna the two

1128
00:56:15.480 --> 00:56:18.400
<v Speaker 3>forearm bones, there's the carpal bones, all the little wrist bones,

1129
00:56:18.719 --> 00:56:22.440
<v Speaker 3>and there are in fact five fingers. It's crazy, and

1130
00:56:22.559 --> 00:56:25.559
<v Speaker 3>all little bones of our hands are in a whale's flipper,

1131
00:56:25.599 --> 00:56:28.440
<v Speaker 3>except they've added a few extra little bones to the

1132
00:56:28.519 --> 00:56:31.400
<v Speaker 3>ends of the fingers to make them elongated. But that's

1133
00:56:31.400 --> 00:56:32.440
<v Speaker 3>about the only difference.

1134
00:56:32.760 --> 00:56:34.920
<v Speaker 2>It's just like having acrylic nails under there, you know

1135
00:56:34.920 --> 00:56:37.800
<v Speaker 2>what I mean, just longlanche exactly.

1136
00:56:37.840 --> 00:56:42.880
<v Speaker 3>It's just very very long fingers, but they're webbed, and

1137
00:56:42.920 --> 00:56:45.199
<v Speaker 3>that webbing has become very stiff. So instead of like

1138
00:56:45.280 --> 00:56:47.840
<v Speaker 3>web feel like a duck has, you've got really stiff

1139
00:56:47.880 --> 00:56:50.159
<v Speaker 3>webbing in between those fingers. So when you look at

1140
00:56:50.159 --> 00:56:53.719
<v Speaker 3>the flipper, it's a paddle, but it is supported by

1141
00:56:53.840 --> 00:56:57.320
<v Speaker 3>essentially a hand inside there, and all arm at the

1142
00:56:57.320 --> 00:56:59.440
<v Speaker 3>beginning of it and so yes, you start to see

1143
00:56:59.480 --> 00:57:01.960
<v Speaker 3>things that look like humans, but they look like other

1144
00:57:02.440 --> 00:57:05.360
<v Speaker 3>terrestrial mammals as well. They might look like a horse

1145
00:57:05.400 --> 00:57:08.159
<v Speaker 3>because a horse in its ancestry used to have five

1146
00:57:08.199 --> 00:57:11.639
<v Speaker 3>digits too. Oh, but a horse has reduced that down

1147
00:57:11.760 --> 00:57:14.719
<v Speaker 3>to walking on its middle toe. In fact, just the

1148
00:57:14.840 --> 00:57:17.159
<v Speaker 3>nail of its middle toe. That's what the hoof is.

1149
00:57:17.519 --> 00:57:18.119
<v Speaker 2>That's so weird.

1150
00:57:18.280 --> 00:57:20.800
<v Speaker 3>And if you look at cattle, they're they're walking on

1151
00:57:20.840 --> 00:57:24.960
<v Speaker 3>two of those toes. And if you look at a bird,

1152
00:57:25.480 --> 00:57:27.519
<v Speaker 3>you'll see Look, next time you chicken, go get a

1153
00:57:27.559 --> 00:57:29.480
<v Speaker 3>chicken wing and look at it really carefully. You'll see

1154
00:57:29.480 --> 00:57:31.519
<v Speaker 3>all the same bones that we have in our opper extremity,

1155
00:57:31.679 --> 00:57:34.199
<v Speaker 3>except you won't find all five fingers anywhere. They've gotten

1156
00:57:34.239 --> 00:57:36.079
<v Speaker 3>rid of most of them. But you will see at

1157
00:57:36.119 --> 00:57:39.760
<v Speaker 3>least two, maybe three fingers there. Because nature is pretty conservative.

1158
00:57:40.079 --> 00:57:42.440
<v Speaker 3>You take a body plan and you just tweak it,

1159
00:57:42.519 --> 00:57:46.079
<v Speaker 3>you modify it. You don't add something completely new. You

1160
00:57:46.159 --> 00:57:48.840
<v Speaker 3>take something that's there and you morph it so it

1161
00:57:48.920 --> 00:57:52.920
<v Speaker 3>looks new. It's just really twisted and different, that's all.

1162
00:57:53.159 --> 00:57:56.159
<v Speaker 3>It's not really new. Very very rarely do you see

1163
00:57:56.199 --> 00:58:00.320
<v Speaker 3>something that's actually new, because that's really hard to accomplish, right,

1164
00:58:00.400 --> 00:58:02.199
<v Speaker 3>That's what we have a lot of fun doing looking

1165
00:58:02.280 --> 00:58:04.039
<v Speaker 3>at a new animal for the first time. You don't

1166
00:58:04.079 --> 00:58:06.880
<v Speaker 3>know necessarily what everything does. Yeah, So one of the

1167
00:58:06.960 --> 00:58:09.679
<v Speaker 3>questions is, well, what is this most like in a human?

1168
00:58:09.719 --> 00:58:11.840
<v Speaker 3>What is this most like in the next animal that

1169
00:58:11.960 --> 00:58:16.280
<v Speaker 3>is closely related to it? Where are the homologies the

1170
00:58:16.360 --> 00:58:18.679
<v Speaker 3>things that have the same tissue origin but maybe have

1171
00:58:18.800 --> 00:58:22.639
<v Speaker 3>become different structures, like the wing of a bird and

1172
00:58:22.119 --> 00:58:24.840
<v Speaker 3>the flipper of a sea turtle.

1173
00:58:24.960 --> 00:58:29.239
<v Speaker 2>Okay, so what else does Joy's job entail? And are

1174
00:58:29.280 --> 00:58:30.960
<v Speaker 2>you still getting to do a lot of drawing and

1175
00:58:31.000 --> 00:58:32.400
<v Speaker 2>sketching when you're doing this or.

1176
00:58:32.400 --> 00:58:34.599
<v Speaker 3>Oh yeah, oh really? That's one of the best things

1177
00:58:34.639 --> 00:58:37.880
<v Speaker 3>about this career for me is it's a perfect combination

1178
00:58:38.000 --> 00:58:39.920
<v Speaker 3>of my interest in art and science.

1179
00:58:40.440 --> 00:58:42.719
<v Speaker 2>So what kind of drawing do do you use? Like

1180
00:58:42.719 --> 00:58:45.320
<v Speaker 2>a wakeum tablet? Do you have your watercolors out?

1181
00:58:45.360 --> 00:58:45.440
<v Speaker 5>Like?

1182
00:58:45.480 --> 00:58:48.920
<v Speaker 3>How are you capturing a very old school pencil and

1183
00:58:48.960 --> 00:58:50.039
<v Speaker 3>paper most of the time?

1184
00:58:50.360 --> 00:58:51.960
<v Speaker 2>Is there any place people can see your drawings?

1185
00:58:52.559 --> 00:58:57.199
<v Speaker 3>Usually the finished products can be seen in publications, because well,

1186
00:58:57.239 --> 00:58:59.679
<v Speaker 3>then I'll take that pencil drawing and I'll flesh it

1187
00:58:59.719 --> 00:59:00.840
<v Speaker 3>out digital image.

1188
00:59:00.920 --> 00:59:03.280
<v Speaker 2>But would it kill you to start an instagram of sketches.

1189
00:59:03.519 --> 00:59:04.559
<v Speaker 2>Will I convince her?

1190
00:59:05.000 --> 00:59:07.760
<v Speaker 3>Yes? It would kill me. You know why? For two reasons,

1191
00:59:08.159 --> 00:59:10.800
<v Speaker 3>oh man. The one is I don't have the time

1192
00:59:10.840 --> 00:59:13.440
<v Speaker 3>to think about putting stuff like that up. And secondly,

1193
00:59:13.480 --> 00:59:15.840
<v Speaker 3>I don't want to let out information before it's really

1194
00:59:16.280 --> 00:59:18.960
<v Speaker 3>solid information, a good point, you know. That's that's what

1195
00:59:19.000 --> 00:59:21.519
<v Speaker 3>publications are for, dang it. So we got to make

1196
00:59:21.559 --> 00:59:23.639
<v Speaker 3>sure that the information we're putting out is accurate because

1197
00:59:23.679 --> 00:59:25.480
<v Speaker 3>people will take You know how people take stuff off

1198
00:59:25.480 --> 00:59:27.360
<v Speaker 3>the internet all the time is like, oh, it's the truth.

1199
00:59:27.400 --> 00:59:28.880
<v Speaker 3>I found it on the internet. Is will have to

1200
00:59:28.880 --> 00:59:31.920
<v Speaker 3>follow my publications? Then that's my version of instagram, right.

1201
00:59:32.920 --> 00:59:34.880
<v Speaker 3>But it's it's so important to make sure the public

1202
00:59:34.880 --> 00:59:37.480
<v Speaker 3>gets accurate science information. In fact, that's one of the

1203
00:59:37.519 --> 00:59:41.079
<v Speaker 3>reasons I do those TV documentaries because as a scientist,

1204
00:59:41.159 --> 00:59:45.920
<v Speaker 3>I feel that we have an obligation to give information

1205
00:59:45.960 --> 00:59:48.079
<v Speaker 3>to the public. After all, they're the ones that funded

1206
00:59:48.159 --> 00:59:50.039
<v Speaker 3>our work in the first place. Most work is done

1207
00:59:50.079 --> 00:59:52.920
<v Speaker 3>through grant funding, which is your tax dollars at work,

1208
00:59:53.360 --> 00:59:56.039
<v Speaker 3>or your donations if it's from a private financial foundation.

1209
00:59:56.840 --> 01:00:01.280
<v Speaker 3>But most people don't get any turn on their investment.

1210
01:00:02.000 --> 01:00:05.199
<v Speaker 3>How is the public learning about the science that we do.

1211
01:00:05.320 --> 01:00:07.880
<v Speaker 3>What a scientist do. We don't have a normal job. Okay,

1212
01:00:08.280 --> 01:00:10.400
<v Speaker 3>we don't make a widget that you sell. We don't

1213
01:00:10.400 --> 01:00:12.760
<v Speaker 3>provide a service that you can purchase and have us

1214
01:00:12.760 --> 01:00:14.599
<v Speaker 3>come and do it for you. Although there are some

1215
01:00:14.639 --> 01:00:17.079
<v Speaker 3>scientists for hire of course, that do work for companies,

1216
01:00:17.119 --> 01:00:22.400
<v Speaker 3>but most scientists, academic scientists, are not for hire that way.

1217
01:00:23.159 --> 01:00:25.199
<v Speaker 3>So what is it that we do with our job?

1218
01:00:25.239 --> 01:00:27.119
<v Speaker 3>People really have no idea what we do because we

1219
01:00:27.119 --> 01:00:30.039
<v Speaker 3>don't sell anything and we don't provide a service. What

1220
01:00:30.079 --> 01:00:33.519
<v Speaker 3>we do is we make knowledge and we're supposed to

1221
01:00:33.519 --> 01:00:36.000
<v Speaker 3>give that knowledge back to the public. But what does

1222
01:00:36.119 --> 01:00:40.599
<v Speaker 3>scientists do. They publish that knowledge in highly technical journals

1223
01:00:40.639 --> 01:00:44.079
<v Speaker 3>that only other scientists are reading. So that's our ivory

1224
01:00:44.119 --> 01:00:46.760
<v Speaker 3>tower that we're stuck in, and we need to come

1225
01:00:46.760 --> 01:00:49.159
<v Speaker 3>out of that and get that knowledge back down to

1226
01:00:49.239 --> 01:00:51.079
<v Speaker 3>the public who paid for it in the first place.

1227
01:00:51.719 --> 01:00:54.159
<v Speaker 3>So I feel an obligation to return that information to

1228
01:00:54.199 --> 01:00:56.320
<v Speaker 3>the public, and one of the best ways to do

1229
01:00:56.400 --> 01:01:01.440
<v Speaker 3>that is through various types of public outreach. Public lectures, demonstrations,

1230
01:01:01.480 --> 01:01:06.639
<v Speaker 3>go to the schools, interact with the children, poets, podcasts

1231
01:01:06.840 --> 01:01:12.239
<v Speaker 3>exactly Ted talks, and television because all of these media

1232
01:01:12.320 --> 01:01:15.800
<v Speaker 3>are ways to engage the public in the science that

1233
01:01:15.800 --> 01:01:18.440
<v Speaker 3>we're doing so that they can learn. Why is it

1234
01:01:18.480 --> 01:01:22.360
<v Speaker 3>that I study whales in the first place? They're awesome animals.

1235
01:01:22.679 --> 01:01:25.400
<v Speaker 3>These animals are adapted to deep sea diving, the encounter

1236
01:01:25.519 --> 01:01:28.800
<v Speaker 3>huge pressure changes. If we can understand how they survive

1237
01:01:28.880 --> 01:01:32.360
<v Speaker 3>those pressure changes, maybe we can build better flack jackets

1238
01:01:32.360 --> 01:01:35.679
<v Speaker 3>for our soldiers, who are essentially exposed to a pressure

1239
01:01:35.719 --> 01:01:38.440
<v Speaker 3>wave every time an explosion goes off next to them.

1240
01:01:38.960 --> 01:01:41.760
<v Speaker 3>They don't do so well in those pressure waves. Whales

1241
01:01:41.800 --> 01:01:45.280
<v Speaker 3>do great in those pressures, as they change pressures voluntarily

1242
01:01:45.400 --> 01:01:47.119
<v Speaker 3>every time they sum up and down the water column.

1243
01:01:47.639 --> 01:01:49.920
<v Speaker 3>But they're doing something in their bodies and we don't

1244
01:01:49.920 --> 01:01:52.239
<v Speaker 3>know exactly what it is. How come they don't get

1245
01:01:52.239 --> 01:01:55.679
<v Speaker 3>decompression sickness? How do they avoid the bends? All of

1246
01:01:55.719 --> 01:01:58.599
<v Speaker 3>these are very interesting questions for us. There's so many

1247
01:01:58.639 --> 01:02:00.519
<v Speaker 3>things that they do that we don't unders How did

1248
01:02:00.519 --> 01:02:03.400
<v Speaker 3>they communicate underwater? How did they get those sounds out

1249
01:02:04.000 --> 01:02:06.239
<v Speaker 3>of their body When they're making them using an air

1250
01:02:06.320 --> 01:02:09.800
<v Speaker 3>driven system, which is evolutionary baggage from having been a

1251
01:02:09.960 --> 01:02:14.119
<v Speaker 3>land animal. They're still using air. That's a liability for

1252
01:02:14.199 --> 01:02:16.599
<v Speaker 3>an aquatic animal, because now you got to keep coming

1253
01:02:16.599 --> 01:02:18.320
<v Speaker 3>back to the service to get more of it, and

1254
01:02:18.360 --> 01:02:20.559
<v Speaker 3>every time you dive down it shrinks to the tiniest

1255
01:02:20.599 --> 01:02:23.639
<v Speaker 3>little volume that you can barely work with. And if

1256
01:02:23.679 --> 01:02:25.840
<v Speaker 3>you have air in anything solid like a sinus, that's

1257
01:02:25.880 --> 01:02:29.719
<v Speaker 3>gonna crack. So you got to make adaptations that deal

1258
01:02:29.760 --> 01:02:32.480
<v Speaker 3>with the pressure changes. When we crack that code, hopefully

1259
01:02:32.480 --> 01:02:36.400
<v Speaker 3>we can make better transmitters for sound underwater, for communication

1260
01:02:36.480 --> 01:02:39.400
<v Speaker 3>devices or whatever. But there are all kinds of things

1261
01:02:39.400 --> 01:02:41.079
<v Speaker 3>that we want to learn. We will learn how dolphins

1262
01:02:41.079 --> 01:02:43.360
<v Speaker 3>make their sonar. We know a lot about how they

1263
01:02:43.400 --> 01:02:46.320
<v Speaker 3>do it. You don't understand how they process it though.

1264
01:02:46.480 --> 01:02:52.320
<v Speaker 3>May talk man right, and if we could, maybe we

1265
01:02:52.360 --> 01:02:56.199
<v Speaker 3>could make better sonar for ourselves. Dolphins can actually detect

1266
01:02:56.239 --> 01:02:57.800
<v Speaker 3>a mine buried under the sand.

1267
01:02:58.280 --> 01:03:02.760
<v Speaker 2>Okay, so wait, whooa what? Okay, this is a thing

1268
01:03:02.840 --> 01:03:06.239
<v Speaker 2>I just found myself on a wiki page entitled military

1269
01:03:06.280 --> 01:03:10.519
<v Speaker 2>dolphins What, and it says the dolphins and sea lions

1270
01:03:10.800 --> 01:03:15.320
<v Speaker 2>are trained by the Navy's Marine Mammal Fleet. Dolphins are

1271
01:03:15.360 --> 01:03:18.039
<v Speaker 2>trained as much as police and hunting dogs, and are

1272
01:03:18.079 --> 01:03:22.480
<v Speaker 2>given rewards such as fish on correct completion of a task.

1273
01:03:23.039 --> 01:03:27.079
<v Speaker 2>So dolphins are trained to detect underwater mines and enemy

1274
01:03:27.159 --> 01:03:30.800
<v Speaker 2>swimmers and then report back to their handlers. How weird

1275
01:03:30.840 --> 01:03:32.880
<v Speaker 2>is it that there are dolphins who are like, yes, yes,

1276
01:03:32.960 --> 01:03:35.559
<v Speaker 2>I mean, I appreciate the fish salary, but I also

1277
01:03:35.599 --> 01:03:38.519
<v Speaker 2>find my work very fulfilling. I'm good at my job

1278
01:03:38.639 --> 01:03:39.480
<v Speaker 2>and helping people.

1279
01:03:40.840 --> 01:03:44.880
<v Speaker 3>Not only can they detect it through multiple materials. We

1280
01:03:44.920 --> 01:03:47.280
<v Speaker 3>can't art z own or reflex it the first density

1281
01:03:47.320 --> 01:03:50.519
<v Speaker 3>interface change, but they can tell you if that mine

1282
01:03:50.559 --> 01:03:53.440
<v Speaker 3>is flooded with water or air, if it's made of

1283
01:03:53.480 --> 01:03:56.599
<v Speaker 3>plastic or metal, you know, if it's ticking. You know,

1284
01:03:56.639 --> 01:03:58.960
<v Speaker 3>those all kinds of things that they can tell us.

1285
01:03:59.519 --> 01:04:02.000
<v Speaker 3>We can't see that. Our sonar is way too coarse.

1286
01:04:02.039 --> 01:04:04.079
<v Speaker 3>We can barely tell a school of fish from a

1287
01:04:04.119 --> 01:04:07.119
<v Speaker 3>whale going by. It's just a blob on the sonar screen,

1288
01:04:07.719 --> 01:04:09.440
<v Speaker 3>you know. And the dolphin is looking at a fish

1289
01:04:09.440 --> 01:04:11.360
<v Speaker 3>and goes, hmm, I know exactly what kind of fish

1290
01:04:11.400 --> 01:04:13.039
<v Speaker 3>that is. It's a butterfish, and I know how big

1291
01:04:13.079 --> 01:04:14.760
<v Speaker 3>it is, and when it's going to turn, and how

1292
01:04:14.760 --> 01:04:17.079
<v Speaker 3>many scales are missing on the right side, and where

1293
01:04:17.079 --> 01:04:19.800
<v Speaker 3>its swim bladder is. You know, they can see all

1294
01:04:19.840 --> 01:04:25.840
<v Speaker 3>of that. What's the closest we've come ultrasound, we can

1295
01:04:25.840 --> 01:04:28.559
<v Speaker 3>look inside and see someone was pregnant. I remember when

1296
01:04:28.559 --> 01:04:31.320
<v Speaker 3>I was swimming once off the coast of Florida and

1297
01:04:31.400 --> 01:04:33.480
<v Speaker 3>two dolphins came over to check me out. I was

1298
01:04:33.519 --> 01:04:35.719
<v Speaker 3>pregnant at the time, and I'm pretty sure that's why

1299
01:04:35.719 --> 01:04:38.400
<v Speaker 3>they came to check me out, because they could see

1300
01:04:38.400 --> 01:04:41.960
<v Speaker 3>what's going on inside with their sonar. Oh that's so.

1301
01:04:42.679 --> 01:04:44.679
<v Speaker 3>It was amazing. They stayed just out of reach. I

1302
01:04:44.679 --> 01:04:46.960
<v Speaker 3>can reach my hand out and almost touched them. And

1303
01:04:47.280 --> 01:04:48.880
<v Speaker 3>you know, they would stay just be on the edge

1304
01:04:48.920 --> 01:04:51.400
<v Speaker 3>of my fingertips, and as soon as they would reach them,

1305
01:04:51.400 --> 01:04:53.239
<v Speaker 3>the would they would dive under and come up surface

1306
01:04:53.280 --> 01:04:55.519
<v Speaker 3>behind me. I hear the blow behind my head. I

1307
01:04:55.599 --> 01:04:57.400
<v Speaker 3>turn around and they play the same game. It was

1308
01:04:57.400 --> 01:04:59.280
<v Speaker 3>always this game of keep away. But they were just

1309
01:04:59.440 --> 01:05:02.400
<v Speaker 3>close enough you could almost touch them. They're like, why

1310
01:05:02.480 --> 01:05:04.920
<v Speaker 3>she got another little baby, And that's right. I think

1311
01:05:04.920 --> 01:05:06.800
<v Speaker 3>they knew. I think they totally knew, and they were

1312
01:05:06.840 --> 01:05:09.599
<v Speaker 3>totally fascinated by why this extra little creature was on board.

1313
01:05:09.760 --> 01:05:11.679
<v Speaker 2>Oh my god, that's so cool.

1314
01:05:11.880 --> 01:05:14.719
<v Speaker 3>But they were probably able to see so much more

1315
01:05:14.760 --> 01:05:17.800
<v Speaker 3>than we could see with our simple ultrasound because our ultrasound.

1316
01:05:17.840 --> 01:05:20.280
<v Speaker 3>You see it in one dimension, it looks like static.

1317
01:05:20.320 --> 01:05:21.719
<v Speaker 3>If you don't see it as a movie, you really

1318
01:05:21.719 --> 01:05:24.639
<v Speaker 3>get lost in the dots. I'm sure they're seeing things

1319
01:05:24.639 --> 01:05:26.920
<v Speaker 3>in three D, and you know, they've probably got all

1320
01:05:27.000 --> 01:05:29.800
<v Speaker 3>kinds of you know, accommodations for the motion as well

1321
01:05:29.840 --> 01:05:32.719
<v Speaker 3>as the three dimensionality of it, and they process it

1322
01:05:32.800 --> 01:05:36.719
<v Speaker 3>interestingly in their visual cortex, so they may be seeing

1323
01:05:36.760 --> 01:05:39.280
<v Speaker 3>it as an image even though it's sound coming back

1324
01:05:39.280 --> 01:05:39.639
<v Speaker 3>to them.

1325
01:05:39.679 --> 01:05:41.480
<v Speaker 2>They're like, Oh, it's a girl, And You're like, whoa, hey,

1326
01:05:41.519 --> 01:05:46.880
<v Speaker 2>I know now. I just want to evolve myself back

1327
01:05:46.920 --> 01:05:49.719
<v Speaker 2>into the sea in a land where dolphins are my

1328
01:05:49.800 --> 01:05:53.280
<v Speaker 2>doctors and sea lions have my back. What is life?

1329
01:05:53.599 --> 01:05:56.159
<v Speaker 2>But since I'm land bound for now, I have a

1330
01:05:56.239 --> 01:05:59.920
<v Speaker 2>question that I feel Joy won't judge me about. I

1331
01:06:00.119 --> 01:06:01.840
<v Speaker 2>have this theory that I always try to talk to

1332
01:06:02.519 --> 01:06:05.960
<v Speaker 2>Tomiold just about and you're the one person I feel like, well,

1333
01:06:06.199 --> 01:06:07.920
<v Speaker 2>definitely give me a head or tails on this. But

1334
01:06:08.039 --> 01:06:11.440
<v Speaker 2>no pun intended. But how do you feel about the

1335
01:06:11.519 --> 01:06:16.280
<v Speaker 2>automotive design and how much it's modeled on quadrupeds. I'm

1336
01:06:16.320 --> 01:06:18.760
<v Speaker 2>so fascinated by, Like we have the engine in the front,

1337
01:06:18.840 --> 01:06:22.800
<v Speaker 2>four tires, four legs, two headlights, and also genus and

1338
01:06:22.840 --> 01:06:25.280
<v Speaker 2>species like a make and model. Do you ever think

1339
01:06:25.320 --> 01:06:27.599
<v Speaker 2>about that, like when you're driving around, how we model

1340
01:06:28.599 --> 01:06:32.119
<v Speaker 2>things in our lives with like bilateral symmetry airplanes like birds?

1341
01:06:32.119 --> 01:06:34.280
<v Speaker 2>Does that ever? Is that just like such a duh

1342
01:06:34.320 --> 01:06:34.559
<v Speaker 2>for you?

1343
01:06:35.239 --> 01:06:37.079
<v Speaker 3>I would say it's such a dumb But I think

1344
01:06:37.159 --> 01:06:41.079
<v Speaker 3>biomimetics is a really important thing, you know, modeling things

1345
01:06:41.119 --> 01:06:43.400
<v Speaker 3>on nature. I mean, the first airplanes were really modeled

1346
01:06:43.400 --> 01:06:46.599
<v Speaker 3>on birds. You know, they even tried to flap the wings.

1347
01:06:47.559 --> 01:06:49.960
<v Speaker 4>Ont An Oregon Hank Fetis took a running start to

1348
01:06:50.000 --> 01:06:52.400
<v Speaker 4>fame and fortune with his version of what the latest

1349
01:06:52.440 --> 01:06:53.440
<v Speaker 4>bird man should wear.

1350
01:06:53.840 --> 01:06:55.679
<v Speaker 3>But it's fire in the wrong direction.

1351
01:06:55.920 --> 01:06:59.519
<v Speaker 2>Duh hi, harsh Bale, old timey bird dude.

1352
01:06:59.800 --> 01:07:02.000
<v Speaker 3>If you look at submarines and they're rudders, it's really

1353
01:07:02.079 --> 01:07:04.280
<v Speaker 3>not all that different than a fishtail, you know. And

1354
01:07:05.639 --> 01:07:09.719
<v Speaker 3>I think biomemicry is important. Why do we have four

1355
01:07:09.760 --> 01:07:11.719
<v Speaker 3>wheels on a car? You know, you're right, it does

1356
01:07:11.840 --> 01:07:14.599
<v Speaker 3>kind of remind you of four legs? Why not two? Well,

1357
01:07:14.599 --> 01:07:17.159
<v Speaker 3>it's not a stable onto look alone. It takes us

1358
01:07:17.199 --> 01:07:19.119
<v Speaker 3>to learn how to walk on two legs right start

1359
01:07:19.119 --> 01:07:22.440
<v Speaker 3>out crawling. It's any more stable, you know. So it's

1360
01:07:22.480 --> 01:07:26.039
<v Speaker 3>just efficiency and design is based on nature. There are

1361
01:07:26.119 --> 01:07:27.880
<v Speaker 3>very few animals to walk around on two legs. It's

1362
01:07:27.920 --> 01:07:32.119
<v Speaker 3>not the most efficient design for stability. There are advantages,

1363
01:07:32.159 --> 01:07:34.719
<v Speaker 3>which is why we do walk on two legs, but

1364
01:07:35.320 --> 01:07:39.880
<v Speaker 3>again it is unstable. So yeah, I think about it,

1365
01:07:39.920 --> 01:07:41.840
<v Speaker 3>but I think more about things. When I think about car,

1366
01:07:41.880 --> 01:07:43.960
<v Speaker 3>I think more about when are we going to have

1367
01:07:44.000 --> 01:07:46.000
<v Speaker 3>those driverless cars? That's what I'm thinking about.

1368
01:07:46.360 --> 01:07:49.320
<v Speaker 2>I know every time I drive a car, like, We're

1369
01:07:49.320 --> 01:07:50.840
<v Speaker 2>gonna look back and be like, wait, you put just

1370
01:07:50.880 --> 01:07:54.000
<v Speaker 2>a human being who could just sneeze and kill people

1371
01:07:54.079 --> 01:07:57.360
<v Speaker 2>in this machine. This is ridiculous. So two last questions.

1372
01:07:57.480 --> 01:08:00.199
<v Speaker 2>One is what is the thing about your job.

1373
01:08:00.159 --> 01:08:02.079
<v Speaker 3>That sucks the most?

1374
01:08:02.280 --> 01:08:04.559
<v Speaker 2>What it's the hardest part of your job, the most tedious,

1375
01:08:04.559 --> 01:08:05.239
<v Speaker 2>the most like.

1376
01:08:05.199 --> 01:08:10.760
<v Speaker 3>Oh god, reading, really believe it? Or not reading? I

1377
01:08:10.800 --> 01:08:11.440
<v Speaker 3>hate reading?

1378
01:08:11.679 --> 01:08:12.000
<v Speaker 2>Really.

1379
01:08:12.079 --> 01:08:13.679
<v Speaker 3>I think that's why I went to anatomy because all

1380
01:08:13.679 --> 01:08:17.159
<v Speaker 3>the books have pictures in them. I think I'm mildly

1381
01:08:17.640 --> 01:08:20.079
<v Speaker 3>dyslexic in some way. I think I think decoding is

1382
01:08:20.640 --> 01:08:22.319
<v Speaker 3>more laborious for me than it probably is for the

1383
01:08:22.359 --> 01:08:24.880
<v Speaker 3>average person. I read very slowly. I can't read faster

1384
01:08:25.319 --> 01:08:27.600
<v Speaker 3>than I can hear the voice in my head saying

1385
01:08:27.880 --> 01:08:30.279
<v Speaker 3>the silence as I read. Some people can read a

1386
01:08:30.319 --> 01:08:32.840
<v Speaker 3>lot faster. I just don't decode that fast. But I

1387
01:08:32.880 --> 01:08:37.119
<v Speaker 3>find reading really really tedious, and so, yeah, a lot,

1388
01:08:37.560 --> 01:08:39.359
<v Speaker 3>I would say. That's that's the worst part, because as

1389
01:08:39.359 --> 01:08:41.800
<v Speaker 3>an academic you have to keep up with it. You know,

1390
01:08:42.039 --> 01:08:44.399
<v Speaker 3>I'm on editorial boards of journals. I have to read.

1391
01:08:44.479 --> 01:08:47.840
<v Speaker 3>I do really really careful reviews of articles they're given

1392
01:08:47.880 --> 01:08:50.560
<v Speaker 3>to me. I bet, yeah, And I read every single

1393
01:08:50.560 --> 01:08:53.600
<v Speaker 3>word with intention, and I write the same way. So

1394
01:08:53.600 --> 01:08:56.600
<v Speaker 3>I'm very slow at writing. So reading and writing, I

1395
01:08:56.640 --> 01:08:59.000
<v Speaker 3>would say, which is kind of my nemesis.

1396
01:08:59.479 --> 01:09:02.760
<v Speaker 2>And that's so impressive that you have the job you have,

1397
01:09:03.000 --> 01:09:05.399
<v Speaker 2>knowing that that is a strength, that that's a little

1398
01:09:05.399 --> 01:09:07.000
<v Speaker 2>bit of a struggle or that's like a little bit

1399
01:09:07.000 --> 01:09:10.680
<v Speaker 2>of a labor for you. And on top of that

1400
01:09:10.760 --> 01:09:15.000
<v Speaker 2>you've achieved everything you've achieved, it's like that that's even more,

1401
01:09:15.199 --> 01:09:16.319
<v Speaker 2>that's even more inspiring.

1402
01:09:16.359 --> 01:09:18.840
<v Speaker 3>You know, well, thank you. And I don't know if

1403
01:09:18.840 --> 01:09:21.439
<v Speaker 3>I would have qualified for extra time back in the day,

1404
01:09:21.640 --> 01:09:23.000
<v Speaker 3>didn't have a label for what I had.

1405
01:09:24.600 --> 01:09:26.079
<v Speaker 2>What is the thing that you love about your job

1406
01:09:26.159 --> 01:09:27.920
<v Speaker 2>so much? I know there must be like twelve things.

1407
01:09:28.119 --> 01:09:30.199
<v Speaker 3>Oh there's so many things. But I think just the

1408
01:09:30.239 --> 01:09:34.119
<v Speaker 3>freedom to explore is the most amazing part of it.

1409
01:09:34.119 --> 01:09:36.359
<v Speaker 3>It just I can, like I said before, I ask

1410
01:09:36.399 --> 01:09:40.439
<v Speaker 3>any question and answer it my way by doing the work.

1411
01:09:41.000 --> 01:09:43.680
<v Speaker 3>I love working with my hands. I love the exploration

1412
01:09:43.840 --> 01:09:47.359
<v Speaker 3>of something new, something anxiety. Every time I get a

1413
01:09:47.359 --> 01:09:49.119
<v Speaker 3>new animal to look at, It's like having a present

1414
01:09:49.600 --> 01:09:51.560
<v Speaker 3>show up in the lab. I'm like, wow, this is great.

1415
01:09:51.600 --> 01:09:54.880
<v Speaker 3>And I love doing field work. So you know, the whales,

1416
01:09:55.039 --> 01:09:56.720
<v Speaker 3>they have to be done as fieldwork. They're just too big.

1417
01:09:56.760 --> 01:09:57.880
<v Speaker 3>It can't bring them into the lab.

1418
01:09:58.000 --> 01:09:58.760
<v Speaker 2>That's not happening.

1419
01:09:58.800 --> 01:10:01.119
<v Speaker 3>And so I'd love being outdoor. And so field work

1420
01:10:01.159 --> 01:10:03.760
<v Speaker 3>is great. Traveling is great. I love doing two exotic

1421
01:10:03.760 --> 01:10:05.279
<v Speaker 3>places to see exoic animals.

1422
01:10:05.640 --> 01:10:08.600
<v Speaker 2>It's so great that after going through yellow Pages, going

1423
01:10:08.600 --> 01:10:12.079
<v Speaker 2>through all these different disciplines, you one million percent found

1424
01:10:12.439 --> 01:10:14.840
<v Speaker 2>the career that like is You've nailed it. Like you

1425
01:10:14.920 --> 01:10:17.119
<v Speaker 2>found the career. We get to draw, you get to learn,

1426
01:10:17.199 --> 01:10:19.840
<v Speaker 2>you get to help people like like you you figured

1427
01:10:19.840 --> 01:10:21.439
<v Speaker 2>it out. That must be you must want to go

1428
01:10:21.520 --> 01:10:23.520
<v Speaker 2>back in time and be like yo, little joy.

1429
01:10:23.560 --> 01:10:27.399
<v Speaker 3>Fine, Absolutely well, I think the best way to sum

1430
01:10:27.399 --> 01:10:28.800
<v Speaker 3>that up is I don't really feel like I go

1431
01:10:28.840 --> 01:10:31.079
<v Speaker 3>to work every day. I go to play. You know,

1432
01:10:31.079 --> 01:10:32.720
<v Speaker 3>if you're going to do your job the whole rest

1433
01:10:32.720 --> 01:10:34.800
<v Speaker 3>of your life, that's you only get one life to live.

1434
01:10:34.840 --> 01:10:37.239
<v Speaker 3>You don't want to spend it doing something you don't like. Yeah,

1435
01:10:37.319 --> 01:10:39.720
<v Speaker 3>you want to go to work knowing it's not really

1436
01:10:39.880 --> 01:10:42.960
<v Speaker 3>work works the wrong word for it. I'm excited about

1437
01:10:43.000 --> 01:10:44.840
<v Speaker 3>it when I come here, I'm here to play.

1438
01:10:45.720 --> 01:10:48.079
<v Speaker 2>That's rad and I loved it. Later you're just like Lemur.

1439
01:10:48.079 --> 01:10:51.479
<v Speaker 2>I got a Lemur coming up. Thank you so much

1440
01:10:51.520 --> 01:10:53.800
<v Speaker 2>for doing this. I'm just so excited to get to

1441
01:10:53.800 --> 01:10:55.680
<v Speaker 2>talk to you and thank you so much for doing this.

1442
01:10:55.840 --> 01:10:59.000
<v Speaker 3>You're welcome. It's been fun. Thank you. I loved it.

1443
01:10:59.520 --> 01:11:03.560
<v Speaker 2>So As always, ask smart people stupid questions because you

1444
01:11:03.600 --> 01:11:06.800
<v Speaker 2>never know. You never know what kind of glorious stories

1445
01:11:06.920 --> 01:11:10.239
<v Speaker 2>may unfold. Now. To follow up on your new obsession

1446
01:11:10.399 --> 01:11:13.760
<v Speaker 2>with doctor Joy Ridenberg, catch her on Science Channels Mythical

1447
01:11:13.800 --> 01:11:17.520
<v Speaker 2>Beasts that premiere's October fourteenth. You can find her on

1448
01:11:17.560 --> 01:11:21.840
<v Speaker 2>Twitter at Joy Ridenberg. You cannot find her drawings on Instagram,

1449
01:11:21.960 --> 01:11:25.520
<v Speaker 2>as discussed, but that's okay. She's also on Facebook as

1450
01:11:25.720 --> 01:11:31.680
<v Speaker 2>Ridenberg TV and ologies is at Ologies on Twitter and Instagram.

1451
01:11:32.319 --> 01:11:34.840
<v Speaker 2>Do give us a follow. I'm Ali Ward with one

1452
01:11:35.000 --> 01:11:37.079
<v Speaker 2>L on both and there are links in the show

1453
01:11:37.119 --> 01:11:39.439
<v Speaker 2>notes to all of this. There are also links to

1454
01:11:39.479 --> 01:11:42.760
<v Speaker 2>support even a dollar a month on patreon dot com

1455
01:11:42.800 --> 01:11:47.600
<v Speaker 2>slash ologies. You can get amazing merch at ologiesmerch dot com.

1456
01:11:47.600 --> 01:11:50.039
<v Speaker 2>Feel free to tag or DM me photos of you

1457
01:11:50.079 --> 01:11:54.079
<v Speaker 2>in it with the hashtag ologies merch mondays. I repost

1458
01:11:54.079 --> 01:11:58.000
<v Speaker 2>them on Instagram. Thanks Bonnie Dutch and Shannon Feltis for

1459
01:11:58.079 --> 01:12:00.920
<v Speaker 2>all of the merch help you're amazing. Be sure to

1460
01:12:00.960 --> 01:12:03.760
<v Speaker 2>find them tag give them a follow. They're great. Thanks

1461
01:12:03.760 --> 01:12:07.600
<v Speaker 2>Aaron Talbert and Hannah Lippo for adminting the internet haven

1462
01:12:07.800 --> 01:12:11.399
<v Speaker 2>that is Theologies Facebook group, and I owe a hoil

1463
01:12:11.479 --> 01:12:14.520
<v Speaker 2>of thanks every week to editor Stephen Ray Morris, who

1464
01:12:14.560 --> 01:12:17.800
<v Speaker 2>also hosts the kiddie podcast The per Cast and ce

1465
01:12:17.960 --> 01:12:21.520
<v Speaker 2>Jurassic Right, which is all about dinos. Nick Thorburn made

1466
01:12:21.560 --> 01:12:25.199
<v Speaker 2>the music and is in a band called Islands. Side note,

1467
01:12:25.239 --> 01:12:28.560
<v Speaker 2>if you enjoyed the Melotology episode on bees, Mandy Shad

1468
01:12:28.640 --> 01:12:32.239
<v Speaker 2>now has her own b podcast called bee Keeper Confidential.

1469
01:12:32.439 --> 01:12:34.960
<v Speaker 2>Now at the end of the episode, you know that

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01:12:35.079 --> 01:12:38.399
<v Speaker 2>I tell a secret. And my secret this week is

1471
01:12:38.399 --> 01:12:42.439
<v Speaker 2>that I had a dream I was dating Oprah and

1472
01:12:42.479 --> 01:12:44.840
<v Speaker 2>then the dream I was like this rules she's great.

1473
01:12:45.680 --> 01:12:48.720
<v Speaker 2>And I think about that now every time I see Oprah,

1474
01:12:48.840 --> 01:12:53.560
<v Speaker 2>and I'm like, she's pretty great. Anyway, keep asking smart

1475
01:12:53.560 --> 01:12:56.560
<v Speaker 2>people stupid questions. That's the only way anyone learns anything.

1476
01:12:56.760 --> 01:13:10.479
<v Speaker 2>All Right, We're bye, Pacaderman College, hommeiology, rip doo, zoology, lithology, technology, meteorology, matternology, anthology, seriology.

1477
01:13:10.319 --> 01:13:21.760
<v Speaker 4>Selenology, Hi king snorky hereby Spanish, all humans to the sea.

1478
01:13:22.079 --> 01:13:24.319
<v Speaker 3>Wow, it's like even useful. You know, I'm not just

1479
01:13:24.399 --> 01:13:24.880
<v Speaker 3>having fun.