WEBVTT 1 00:00:03.399 --> 00:00:15.839 You're listening to Why we Do what we Do. Welcome 2 00:00:15.919 --> 00:00:18.440 to Why we Do what we Do. I am your 3 00:00:18.679 --> 00:00:21.480 lexically diverse host, Abraham. 4 00:00:21.399 --> 00:00:24.679 And I am your grammatically interested host Shane. 5 00:00:25.039 --> 00:00:27.839 We are a psychology podcast. We talk about the things 6 00:00:27.839 --> 00:00:31.199 that humans and non human animals do. And this is 7 00:00:31.440 --> 00:00:34.880 a second part to a discussion we've been having about 8 00:00:35.039 --> 00:00:39.439 African American Vernacular English or AAVE. So if you didn't 9 00:00:39.479 --> 00:00:40.960 hear the first part, that sets a lot of the 10 00:00:41.000 --> 00:00:44.920 groundwork for understanding the history of this, why it's relevant, 11 00:00:44.960 --> 00:00:48.600 why we're talking about it, etc. Some terms and phrases 12 00:00:48.640 --> 00:00:51.880 and things to know about it. But this second part 13 00:00:52.000 --> 00:00:53.759 is going to focus more on some of the grammar 14 00:00:53.799 --> 00:00:57.479 and structure and components of this dialect, which I think 15 00:00:57.560 --> 00:00:59.719 is very interesting in one of the things that I 16 00:00:59.759 --> 00:01:02.679 was looking forward to talking about in this discussion. So 17 00:01:03.200 --> 00:01:05.120 that's where we find ourselves today. So if you're joining 18 00:01:05.200 --> 00:01:07.200 us for the first time, then welcome. We hope you 19 00:01:07.319 --> 00:01:10.480 enjoy what you hear in this podcast, and you might 20 00:01:11.079 --> 00:01:14.439 benefit from going to check out the first part of 21 00:01:14.519 --> 00:01:17.480 this if you haven't heard it already. But as always, 22 00:01:17.519 --> 00:01:20.400 we try and have everything stand as alone as possible, 23 00:01:20.439 --> 00:01:22.760 so do a brief recap of what we discussed last time. 24 00:01:23.040 --> 00:01:24.920 But if you're a returning person, then welcome back. I'm 25 00:01:24.920 --> 00:01:27.519 glad that you continue to seek us out. And either way, 26 00:01:27.519 --> 00:01:28.959 if you like to support us, who can join us 27 00:01:29.000 --> 00:01:32.200 on Patreon, leave us a rating and review, like subscribe, 28 00:01:32.480 --> 00:01:34.680 tell a friend, etc. But I think that's what we 29 00:01:34.760 --> 00:01:37.200 have to say about that part of this. I'll talk 30 00:01:37.239 --> 00:01:38.760 more about the ways you can support us at the 31 00:01:38.840 --> 00:01:42.799 end of this discussion. But today is June twenty fourth, 32 00:01:42.879 --> 00:01:45.239 so happy Celebration of the senses everyone. 33 00:01:45.680 --> 00:01:50.439 Yes. Yes, It's also International Fairy Day, okay. 34 00:01:50.560 --> 00:01:53.200 And as Museum Comes to Life Day. I feel like 35 00:01:53.239 --> 00:01:54.120 they made a movie about this. 36 00:01:54.480 --> 00:01:57.000 There's I think a couple of them. Even It's National 37 00:01:57.079 --> 00:02:03.840 Parchment Cooking Day cool and National Praleens Day yup, tasty 38 00:02:04.239 --> 00:02:07.280 or prowleens, depending on where you're at and what you prefer, 39 00:02:07.319 --> 00:02:10.360 but I call them praleens. Ni. It is swim all 40 00:02:10.400 --> 00:02:10.919 Ap Day. 41 00:02:11.639 --> 00:02:14.800 It is Amateur Radio Week. 42 00:02:15.039 --> 00:02:18.840 Yes it is. It's also carpenter Ant Awareness Week, so 43 00:02:18.879 --> 00:02:22.159 watch out for those aunt built tables exactly. 44 00:02:22.759 --> 00:02:26.240 It is Fish Our Friends not food Week. I agree 45 00:02:26.280 --> 00:02:26.439 with this. 46 00:02:27.000 --> 00:02:29.719 I like that. And it's National Forgiveness Week. 47 00:02:30.159 --> 00:02:34.680 I like that too. Well, talking about the holidays is fun, 48 00:02:34.840 --> 00:02:37.240 but that's probably not why you're here, I don't think, 49 00:02:37.560 --> 00:02:40.159 not sure, But anyway, we just do that as a 50 00:02:40.159 --> 00:02:42.199 brief segment at the beginning. So if that's why you're here, 51 00:02:42.240 --> 00:02:44.919 then have good rest of your day. But otherwise, we're 52 00:02:44.919 --> 00:02:47.199 gonna dive into our topic DJOR, which, as I said, 53 00:02:47.280 --> 00:02:50.439 is our follow up to last week's episode discussing African 54 00:02:50.479 --> 00:02:54.439 American Vernacular English or aav E. We'll get into more 55 00:02:54.439 --> 00:02:57.159 of that today, but before we do that, is there 56 00:02:57.159 --> 00:02:58.840 anything that I'm aster you'd like to add or are 57 00:02:58.879 --> 00:03:00.759 we ready to dive into or topic? 58 00:03:01.280 --> 00:03:02.639 Yeah? I mean, I think the only thing I would 59 00:03:02.639 --> 00:03:03.800 say is I think we need to do a quick 60 00:03:03.919 --> 00:03:06.719 recap before we get too far into it. But yeah, 61 00:03:06.560 --> 00:03:08.120 nothing outside of that, I think. 62 00:03:08.159 --> 00:03:12.199 Okay, right, yeah, perfect, Let's do a quick discussion about 63 00:03:12.199 --> 00:03:16.120 what we said last time in unpacking some of the 64 00:03:16.199 --> 00:03:17.280 history and importance here. 65 00:03:17.919 --> 00:03:20.280 Yeah. So last week we talked about the idea that 66 00:03:20.360 --> 00:03:25.120 African American Vernicular English, or in some spaces more colloquially 67 00:03:25.240 --> 00:03:29.439 known as a bonyx unfortunately, is a dialect of English, 68 00:03:29.479 --> 00:03:31.919 and just as a reminder, we use the terms dialect 69 00:03:31.960 --> 00:03:35.039 ethn elect and socio elect, which referred to the dialect 70 00:03:35.080 --> 00:03:39.120 being a variety of language that has distinguished vocabulary, grammar 71 00:03:39.159 --> 00:03:43.080 pronunciation within a language, ethno elect being that the language 72 00:03:43.120 --> 00:03:45.439 is very specific to a particular ethnic or cultural group, 73 00:03:45.520 --> 00:03:49.599 and socio elect being that the specific dialector jargon belonged 74 00:03:49.599 --> 00:03:53.879 to a particular social group. And so AAVE itself is 75 00:03:54.159 --> 00:03:56.639 described as a dialect and eth elect and a socio 76 00:03:56.680 --> 00:04:01.000 elect because it does often apply to working class Black 77 00:04:01.039 --> 00:04:05.280 Americans in particular areas, and so that's where it had 78 00:04:05.319 --> 00:04:08.520 come from. Historically, it has a pretty interesting kind of 79 00:04:08.560 --> 00:04:10.919 like background. We don't really know where it emerged or 80 00:04:10.919 --> 00:04:14.159 where it started officially, but we do know that it 81 00:04:14.199 --> 00:04:16.360 may have been doun in Virginia and Maryland, moved to 82 00:04:16.439 --> 00:04:20.800 the Carolinas, may have started by including African languages and 83 00:04:21.000 --> 00:04:24.079 Creole variations and mixed it with American English. There's lots 84 00:04:24.079 --> 00:04:27.480 of kind of things from there. But doctor Robert Williams 85 00:04:27.800 --> 00:04:31.000 coined the term at bonics, originally saying that it was 86 00:04:31.600 --> 00:04:36.480 ebony black and phonics sounds to create a bonics. That 87 00:04:36.600 --> 00:04:39.040 term is no longer used because it is more advanced 88 00:04:39.040 --> 00:04:40.680 than that, and we kind of covered that in the episode, 89 00:04:40.680 --> 00:04:42.920 but at this point in time, we do want to 90 00:04:43.000 --> 00:04:44.959 kind of point out that this started in the seventies, 91 00:04:45.000 --> 00:04:48.800 like the actual official terms now. In ninety six, the 92 00:04:48.839 --> 00:04:55.079 Oakland Unified School District pass resolution to require AVE resources 93 00:04:55.160 --> 00:04:57.480 as a teaching option and like making sure that was 94 00:04:57.519 --> 00:05:00.839 included in English courses, and that caused a whole bunch 95 00:05:00.879 --> 00:05:05.360 of hubbub and resulted in lots of litigation and public 96 00:05:05.399 --> 00:05:08.560 dissent and all of these things, and eventually the resolution 97 00:05:08.720 --> 00:05:11.879 was retracted and then just kind of used as an option. 98 00:05:12.079 --> 00:05:14.519 So that's kind of where we ended up. And today 99 00:05:14.920 --> 00:05:18.480 we're still seeing some fallout from this and even some 100 00:05:18.759 --> 00:05:21.839 legal precedents for the use of AAVE in places like 101 00:05:21.920 --> 00:05:28.680 courtrooms where stenographers are not accurately transcribing language when AAV 102 00:05:28.959 --> 00:05:31.199 is in place. We saw this famously in the trayvon 103 00:05:31.279 --> 00:05:35.120 Martin case, where a testimony was perceived as incomprehensible despite 104 00:05:35.160 --> 00:05:40.720 the fact that the person, Rachel Jantelle, her testimony used 105 00:05:40.759 --> 00:05:44.920 a lot of AAVE dialect and basically the system did 106 00:05:44.920 --> 00:05:48.000 not capture that in a really meaningful way for her. 107 00:05:48.360 --> 00:05:50.560 I think one of the things that definitely stood I 108 00:05:50.600 --> 00:05:52.439 was a really good summary. By the way. One of 109 00:05:52.480 --> 00:05:54.680 this one of the things that definitely stood out to 110 00:05:54.720 --> 00:05:57.439 me is a key sort of take home point from 111 00:05:57.519 --> 00:06:02.879 our discussion last week, is that it's important to consider 112 00:06:02.879 --> 00:06:06.519 that this the AAV is its own dialect, Like researchers 113 00:06:06.519 --> 00:06:11.319 have looked at this and it is like a cohesive language, 114 00:06:11.920 --> 00:06:15.319 and that there are aspects of this that are treated 115 00:06:15.439 --> 00:06:19.879 as if it's like some diluted version of English, which 116 00:06:19.879 --> 00:06:23.680 it is not, and that that is largely sort of 117 00:06:23.680 --> 00:06:27.839 been orchestrated by groups who are I mean, really, for 118 00:06:27.879 --> 00:06:30.439 a lack of another way to say this, like this 119 00:06:30.680 --> 00:06:34.600 it feels very racially motivated. It's like, sure, we can't 120 00:06:34.639 --> 00:06:37.639 appreciate that a dialect may have emerged without saying that 121 00:06:38.279 --> 00:06:42.160 with and just that that's what it is, without accusing 122 00:06:42.199 --> 00:06:45.759 it of being like a lesser version of something because 123 00:06:45.800 --> 00:06:48.680 we can associate that dialogue with a particular group of people, 124 00:06:49.040 --> 00:06:53.240 and like that seems to be very common strategy of 125 00:06:53.639 --> 00:06:57.360 conservatives more broadly, particularly in political spaces, is to lean 126 00:06:57.399 --> 00:07:00.079 on that and to use this as a fear mongeringa 127 00:07:00.399 --> 00:07:03.439 of like, look what happens these people are destroying our 128 00:07:03.519 --> 00:07:05.399 language is like a thing that they kind of say, 129 00:07:05.879 --> 00:07:08.639 but that's really not what's happening it. Like many languages, 130 00:07:08.680 --> 00:07:11.839 it just has this history of convergence of other influences 131 00:07:11.839 --> 00:07:14.120 from different languages that just kind of shaped it into 132 00:07:14.160 --> 00:07:16.959 its own little dialect. And it's like, obviously it has 133 00:07:17.040 --> 00:07:18.839 a lot of English components in it, that's what a 134 00:07:18.879 --> 00:07:22.480 dialect is. But many languages have variety in their dialect 135 00:07:22.639 --> 00:07:25.560 because of a particular region or group or something where 136 00:07:26.079 --> 00:07:28.120 it happens to be the case that people communicate in 137 00:07:28.160 --> 00:07:31.000 a slightly different way, but it's pretty close to like 138 00:07:31.120 --> 00:07:34.480 the language that they sort of brand like diverged from 139 00:07:34.560 --> 00:07:37.360 in their evolutionary trajectory. But that doesn't make it any 140 00:07:37.480 --> 00:07:40.399 less than that original language, or make that other language 141 00:07:40.399 --> 00:07:42.079 more than that one. Like it happens all over the 142 00:07:42.079 --> 00:07:44.759 place that dialects emerge, and so yeah, I think just 143 00:07:44.920 --> 00:07:47.319 a really critical key component in my mind that we 144 00:07:47.439 --> 00:07:51.079 left with was understanding that this is a language, and 145 00:07:51.160 --> 00:07:53.480 it is it is its own dialect, and we do 146 00:07:53.519 --> 00:07:56.600 a disservice to people who use this dialect by assuming 147 00:07:56.639 --> 00:07:59.560 that we should be able to just understand them in 148 00:07:59.600 --> 00:08:01.759 the same way that they should be able to understand us. 149 00:08:01.839 --> 00:08:05.639 That there's like some barrier there that is like their 150 00:08:05.680 --> 00:08:06.959 problem and not our problem. 151 00:08:07.160 --> 00:08:09.040 Right well, and I think another thing too, And we 152 00:08:09.120 --> 00:08:12.600 kind of talked about this in the American English episode, 153 00:08:12.839 --> 00:08:17.560 where language is one of the ways that people will 154 00:08:17.759 --> 00:08:20.879 other other groups of people, Right, Yeah, this is a 155 00:08:20.920 --> 00:08:23.000 really easy way for people to go, Oh, you don't 156 00:08:23.040 --> 00:08:26.480 speak what is considered professional, or you don't speak any 157 00:08:26.959 --> 00:08:29.639 clear dialect, you don't speak in a way that I understand. 158 00:08:29.959 --> 00:08:32.039 And because I'm in power, this is what we're gonna do. 159 00:08:32.080 --> 00:08:34.519 I mean, this has been Language has been one of 160 00:08:34.559 --> 00:08:37.200 the ways that people in power have tried to oppress 161 00:08:37.240 --> 00:08:40.639 other people for centuries in millennia, So like this is 162 00:08:40.720 --> 00:08:42.759 just this is just showing up in a different way 163 00:08:43.240 --> 00:08:45.480 than maybe what we have seen in the past in 164 00:08:45.600 --> 00:08:48.159 terms of how we're talking about it. But the sentiment 165 00:08:48.240 --> 00:08:51.159 is the same, which is anybody who's using this and 166 00:08:51.159 --> 00:08:53.279 this is you know, per people of power and how 167 00:08:53.279 --> 00:08:55.559 they kind of look at this. If you're using AVE, 168 00:08:56.200 --> 00:08:58.799 then you're not speaking professionally, so that you're not qualified, 169 00:08:58.840 --> 00:09:00.759 you're not educated, Da da da. And this is kind 170 00:09:00.799 --> 00:09:03.720 of one of the quote unquote kind of like surface 171 00:09:03.799 --> 00:09:06.120 level arguments that they'll make. But ultimately it just becomes 172 00:09:06.120 --> 00:09:08.440 a question of racism and racist systems. 173 00:09:08.679 --> 00:09:11.759 Yeah, so I think that is a good way to 174 00:09:11.799 --> 00:09:14.960 sort of summarize what we discussed last time. Either it's 175 00:09:14.960 --> 00:09:16.960 a great reminder for those of you who heard it, 176 00:09:17.120 --> 00:09:19.159 or it is a primer for those of you who 177 00:09:19.799 --> 00:09:21.720 did not hear and don't want to go back and listen. 178 00:09:22.039 --> 00:09:24.200 But either way, I think that gives us a sufficient 179 00:09:24.279 --> 00:09:28.000 enough background that we can transition now to the rest 180 00:09:28.039 --> 00:09:30.480 of the discussion we have qu'ed up for today, which 181 00:09:30.519 --> 00:09:33.679 is again discussing sort of the grammatical structural components of 182 00:09:33.720 --> 00:09:34.600 this and how it works. 183 00:09:35.159 --> 00:09:37.919 Yeah. So at this point, you've probably heard some of 184 00:09:37.919 --> 00:09:40.919 the episodes and you've probably thinking about this, and you're going, well, 185 00:09:41.080 --> 00:09:44.120 what makes AAV different than other dialects, or what makes 186 00:09:44.120 --> 00:09:46.879 it a dialect? That is, its separate structure when it 187 00:09:46.919 --> 00:09:49.000 comes to the grammar, syntax, some of the verbs, and 188 00:09:49.039 --> 00:09:51.159 the language it's in it like, what makes it different? 189 00:09:51.480 --> 00:09:53.840 And so I'm glad you asked you language dogs, We're 190 00:09:53.840 --> 00:09:56.240 here to give you that the first thing that comes 191 00:09:56.279 --> 00:09:59.399 up in aave, or at least one of the characteristic 192 00:09:59.399 --> 00:10:00.799 it's not the first thing one of the characters that 193 00:10:00.840 --> 00:10:04.240 we should talk about is the habitual B B E. 194 00:10:04.559 --> 00:10:05.639 Yeah, not the insect. 195 00:10:05.799 --> 00:10:08.519 Not the insect. No, that habitual be is a very different, 196 00:10:08.960 --> 00:10:13.759 different situation. Yeah, the habitual B B E refers to 197 00:10:13.799 --> 00:10:17.000 the addition of the word B where a verb is present. 198 00:10:17.559 --> 00:10:21.000 So in a sentence where you already stated a verb 199 00:10:21.480 --> 00:10:24.879 B is added to that sentence as part of the dialect. Also, 200 00:10:25.440 --> 00:10:28.799 the omission of B changes the phrase that's as it's 201 00:10:28.840 --> 00:10:31.120 being said. So we're going to use the example of 202 00:10:31.159 --> 00:10:33.600 he is working. I thought this was a good example 203 00:10:33.759 --> 00:10:35.200 as I was kind of studying this. This was what 204 00:10:35.279 --> 00:10:36.879 the one of the ones that was pulled up. So 205 00:10:37.919 --> 00:10:41.679 we might say in standard English, he is working. Right, 206 00:10:42.120 --> 00:10:44.679 You've let the verb is working, you know all that 207 00:10:44.720 --> 00:10:46.720 stuff like, there's all there's there's things going on there, right, 208 00:10:46.759 --> 00:10:49.559 So what I'm not an English major, but just know 209 00:10:49.639 --> 00:10:52.559 that that's that's generally a sentence structure. If I said 210 00:10:52.960 --> 00:10:56.919 he'd be working, that means that the person is regularly working. 211 00:10:57.000 --> 00:11:00.200 That's basically saying he's arguably working all the time, he 212 00:11:00.440 --> 00:11:03.919 is working consistently. That's what he be working means. But 213 00:11:03.960 --> 00:11:07.000 if I change it to say he working where I've 214 00:11:07.080 --> 00:11:11.480 omitted the B, that would suggest present tense, and that 215 00:11:11.600 --> 00:11:14.360 the person is actively and currently working. He is at 216 00:11:14.399 --> 00:11:17.360 work today, So you can see like just the addition 217 00:11:17.440 --> 00:11:20.480 and the omission of the habitual B can change the 218 00:11:20.480 --> 00:11:24.039 grammar structure inside of this. He is working is what 219 00:11:24.080 --> 00:11:27.440 we might normally hear. He be working means that they 220 00:11:27.639 --> 00:11:32.080 regularly work. He working means that he is currently at 221 00:11:32.120 --> 00:11:33.159 work at this moment. 222 00:11:33.480 --> 00:11:36.679 It's actually clearer, i think, than how English tends to 223 00:11:36.759 --> 00:11:40.200 work by itself, which is kind of funny. One of 224 00:11:40.200 --> 00:11:42.039 the things that makes English difficult is there's a whole 225 00:11:42.039 --> 00:11:45.200 class of B verbs. Many of the Romance languages or 226 00:11:45.200 --> 00:11:48.440 the Roman languages have these as well, but many languages 227 00:11:48.519 --> 00:11:51.600 don't have any B verbs. So B verbs are is, 228 00:11:51.720 --> 00:11:55.200 are was, or will be and am. Those are the 229 00:11:55.200 --> 00:11:58.200 B verbs, and they're all a conjugate version of the 230 00:11:58.360 --> 00:12:02.279 concept of to be bee. It makes a sentence actually 231 00:12:02.320 --> 00:12:04.519 more complicated to change what they are because it depends 232 00:12:04.600 --> 00:12:06.879 on whether it's a plural or singular noun, whether it's 233 00:12:06.919 --> 00:12:09.639 past or present tense or future tense, and it also 234 00:12:09.720 --> 00:12:12.799 changes the conjugation of the following verb that comes after 235 00:12:12.840 --> 00:12:18.279 the B verb. So it's a complex system that's very 236 00:12:18.320 --> 00:12:20.919 confusing and there are many languages that don't have those 237 00:12:21.039 --> 00:12:23.399 B verbs at all. I'm given to understand, and I'm 238 00:12:23.440 --> 00:12:26.000 not a scholar in this, that American Samoan does not 239 00:12:26.240 --> 00:12:28.840 use be verbs, and I'm sure that's just an example. 240 00:12:28.919 --> 00:12:30.759 I just happened to know someone who knows that language 241 00:12:30.960 --> 00:12:32.679 and speaks that language, and they're like, yeah, they don't 242 00:12:32.679 --> 00:12:35.480 really use be verbs. American sign language doesn't really use 243 00:12:35.519 --> 00:12:38.840 B verbs, and like they are a little bit superfluous, 244 00:12:38.960 --> 00:12:41.240 but I can see actually in using them, that is, 245 00:12:41.519 --> 00:12:43.799 in the way that they're used in AAVE actually kind 246 00:12:43.799 --> 00:12:47.159 of makes them more clear anyway, using or not using them. 247 00:12:47.200 --> 00:12:49.399 So anyway, be verbs are just complicated and they're not 248 00:12:49.480 --> 00:12:54.080 necessary to like communicate effectively. So it's an interesting aspect 249 00:12:54.120 --> 00:12:55.720 of language grammatically speaking. 250 00:12:56.320 --> 00:12:59.279 Yeah, well, and in Spanish too, like B verbs are 251 00:12:59.480 --> 00:13:02.600 conjugated multiple ways, but there are two different general B 252 00:13:02.720 --> 00:13:06.440 verbs that are used to describe either like a permanent 253 00:13:06.440 --> 00:13:08.879 state or a temporary state. So you've got a star, 254 00:13:09.279 --> 00:13:13.240 which is like usually a zuastoi or ostead, well instead 255 00:13:13.279 --> 00:13:16.000 is you. But like when I say yosoi, if I 256 00:13:16.039 --> 00:13:20.039 say yosoi alto, right, I am tall, that is a 257 00:13:20.080 --> 00:13:23.960 permanent state, right, but if I say justoi canzado, where 258 00:13:24.000 --> 00:13:27.320 I'm saying I'm tired, that's a temporary state. So like, 259 00:13:27.399 --> 00:13:30.120 you might use different B verbs to describe either a 260 00:13:30.159 --> 00:13:34.799 permanent or temporary state, depending on how you're communicating. So like, 261 00:13:35.200 --> 00:13:39.440 even other languages have varying ways that B verbs are used. 262 00:13:39.840 --> 00:13:42.279 Yeah, it makes a lot of sense. They be like that, 263 00:13:42.639 --> 00:13:53.360 ads be like that too. All right, we're back. We've 264 00:13:53.399 --> 00:13:56.639 been discussing the habitual b the use of B verbs 265 00:13:56.679 --> 00:13:59.759 as they occurrent across various languages, and as an aspect 266 00:13:59.799 --> 00:14:03.840 that makes AAVE somewhat different from English, I guess, and 267 00:14:04.039 --> 00:14:06.759 some other dialects. But the next one is called a 268 00:14:07.080 --> 00:14:10.399 copula deletion. So in grammar and linguistics, a copula is 269 00:14:10.399 --> 00:14:13.200 a connecting link between words. We see this often when 270 00:14:13.240 --> 00:14:15.200 using the B verb is to connect a noun to 271 00:14:15.240 --> 00:14:18.879 a verb, and in AAVE we might see an omission 272 00:14:18.919 --> 00:14:21.480 of a copula and a sentence she is smart could 273 00:14:21.600 --> 00:14:24.200 change to she smart, sort of as we were just discussing. 274 00:14:24.480 --> 00:14:27.039 But it doesn't always have to be just B verbs. 275 00:14:27.399 --> 00:14:30.120 And again, like I think that when we unpack the 276 00:14:30.159 --> 00:14:34.240 structure of the grammar of AAV, these are important features 277 00:14:34.320 --> 00:14:36.960 of it right, which is the habitual be the odmission 278 00:14:36.960 --> 00:14:39.519 of the habitual be the copula deletion. These are different 279 00:14:39.559 --> 00:14:42.279 examples of what it might look like. Another one is 280 00:14:42.320 --> 00:14:48.639 the stressed bin b N, which is also remote present perfect. 281 00:14:48.960 --> 00:14:51.799 So this refers to the use of bin when discussing 282 00:14:51.840 --> 00:14:55.679 an action that's already been completed. So something has already 283 00:14:55.679 --> 00:14:57.600 been done at this point in time, right, and you 284 00:14:57.600 --> 00:14:59.759 can kind of hear I'm already saying it's been done. Right, 285 00:15:00.279 --> 00:15:03.240 So if you take a sentence like I've already done that, 286 00:15:04.039 --> 00:15:07.440 it would change to I've been done that, Or if 287 00:15:07.440 --> 00:15:10.039 you use the sentence I've known her, you would change 288 00:15:10.080 --> 00:15:13.120 it to i've been knowing her. That's what that looks like. 289 00:15:13.120 --> 00:15:15.039 When we have the stressed bin been is like kind 290 00:15:15.039 --> 00:15:17.360 of like it's in the sentence. It's added to the sentence, 291 00:15:17.360 --> 00:15:20.960 but it like it emphasizes and actually describes different things. 292 00:15:21.080 --> 00:15:23.159 I've been knowing her means I've known her for a 293 00:15:23.159 --> 00:15:25.759 long time. You know, I've been done that means I've 294 00:15:25.759 --> 00:15:28.559 already completed this. It's in the past. It's something that 295 00:15:28.559 --> 00:15:30.120 we don't need to worry about anymore. 296 00:15:30.559 --> 00:15:33.159 Yeah, And the perfect tense often has the word have 297 00:15:33.480 --> 00:15:35.039 or had in it, and so this kind of just 298 00:15:35.120 --> 00:15:38.279 drops that word. But again that words only function is 299 00:15:38.360 --> 00:15:40.240 kind of an artifact of the fact that we have 300 00:15:40.360 --> 00:15:43.320 always used it that way, right like I have been 301 00:15:43.559 --> 00:15:48.559 or I had been. They don't necessarily communicate a lot, 302 00:15:48.600 --> 00:15:50.720 I mean, not nothing like there are like we use 303 00:15:50.799 --> 00:15:53.360 them in specific ways, but they are kind of the 304 00:15:53.360 --> 00:15:55.559 fact that like that's just how we spoke, but the 305 00:15:55.600 --> 00:15:58.039 word and that's what the perfect tenses are. I don't 306 00:15:58.039 --> 00:16:00.320 know why they're called perfect because I would just describe 307 00:16:00.320 --> 00:16:04.360 them as imperfect in terms of how functional they are, right, 308 00:16:04.759 --> 00:16:08.919 But anyway, that just another grammatical thing to know. Another 309 00:16:08.919 --> 00:16:13.039 one is multiple negation or negative concord. Multiple negations sound 310 00:16:13.200 --> 00:16:15.639 like what you'd think. This is the use of multiple 311 00:16:15.639 --> 00:16:18.600 negative words and a sentence to emphasize the apparent negation. 312 00:16:18.720 --> 00:16:21.639 An example here is I don't want anything changes to 313 00:16:21.759 --> 00:16:25.360 I don't want nothing, And I know weird Al did 314 00:16:25.360 --> 00:16:26.919 a bit about this, who's sort of making fun of 315 00:16:26.919 --> 00:16:29.919 Eminem where he said like, I ain't got nothing against 316 00:16:29.960 --> 00:16:32.960 nobody and he's like, wow, a triple negative. He's like, 317 00:16:33.399 --> 00:16:37.480 you do have something against somebody. But yeah, the logic 318 00:16:37.519 --> 00:16:39.679 there being that like when people treat it almost like 319 00:16:39.679 --> 00:16:43.240 symbolic logic, that it's like, negation means change direction from 320 00:16:43.240 --> 00:16:44.759 this part of the sentence to this part of the 321 00:16:44.799 --> 00:16:48.200 sentence instead, A double negation kind of in these sense 322 00:16:48.320 --> 00:16:51.200 means like it's a double emphasis on the fact that 323 00:16:51.240 --> 00:16:54.759 it's a negated yeah, right, which I understand why people 324 00:16:54.879 --> 00:16:56.639 might get confused about it, But it's not like it 325 00:16:56.720 --> 00:16:59.600 actually changes the meaning. You understand, like, I ain't got 326 00:16:59.639 --> 00:17:01.799 nothing to do with that is a double negation that 327 00:17:01.879 --> 00:17:04.160 I think you would actually hear someone who is not 328 00:17:04.279 --> 00:17:07.279 using AAV say and that is a double negation, And 329 00:17:07.319 --> 00:17:10.680 it is just to emphasize the negation itself, not to 330 00:17:10.759 --> 00:17:11.759 contradict oneself. 331 00:17:12.119 --> 00:17:13.880 Right. Well, I was thinking about this one a lot, 332 00:17:13.960 --> 00:17:17.519 because you know, I feel like I hear people correct 333 00:17:18.119 --> 00:17:21.240 negations a lot when people say something. You know, It's 334 00:17:21.240 --> 00:17:23.279 like I hear at least English teachers do this a lot. 335 00:17:23.440 --> 00:17:24.880 And I thought about this, and I was like, it 336 00:17:24.920 --> 00:17:28.759 doesn't change the understanding or the comprehension or the social 337 00:17:28.799 --> 00:17:31.880 context of the statement, right right, Like, Okay, if I 338 00:17:31.880 --> 00:17:34.720 said this, I don't want anything versus I don't want nothing, 339 00:17:34.759 --> 00:17:37.079 you understand that both of those things mean the same thing. 340 00:17:37.759 --> 00:17:41.319 So what you're doing is you're applying what could be 341 00:17:41.559 --> 00:17:46.279 argued as an arbitrary rule to a socially valid statement 342 00:17:46.759 --> 00:17:50.440 and now it's unnecessary. And I think when we talk 343 00:17:50.480 --> 00:17:54.119 about like social social engagement and social comprehension, so it's 344 00:17:54.160 --> 00:17:55.720 something I was just thinking about that as it was 345 00:17:55.799 --> 00:17:57.880 kind of like I don't want nothing is very clear. 346 00:17:58.119 --> 00:18:00.720 You understand what the person's saying. If you don't understand 347 00:18:00.759 --> 00:18:02.720 what the person is saying, then either you're trying not 348 00:18:02.799 --> 00:18:05.160 to understand what the person is saying, or you don't 349 00:18:05.200 --> 00:18:07.599 have a grasp enough on the social context to understand 350 00:18:07.680 --> 00:18:08.799 what they're saying. But like it was one of those 351 00:18:08.799 --> 00:18:10.400 things where I just kind of like, you know what 352 00:18:10.440 --> 00:18:13.039 they're saying. Now you're just being a jerk. It's like 353 00:18:13.039 --> 00:18:16.039 when people get into arguments and then they're instead of 354 00:18:16.160 --> 00:18:19.400 arguing a logical point, they just correct people's grammar. Sure, 355 00:18:19.440 --> 00:18:21.720 it's like you understand what they're saying, Like you don't 356 00:18:21.759 --> 00:18:24.720 need to be that person, like you already understand what 357 00:18:24.720 --> 00:18:25.319 they're saying, you. 358 00:18:25.319 --> 00:18:27.279 Know, And I think there's a place for intentionally doing 359 00:18:27.279 --> 00:18:30.799 this where you intend to use the double negation to 360 00:18:30.960 --> 00:18:33.559 negate the second part, meaning like I could say something 361 00:18:33.599 --> 00:18:37.440 like I'm not not hungry, and I'm basically using the 362 00:18:37.440 --> 00:18:39.960 first knot to negate the second knot, and you could 363 00:18:40.039 --> 00:18:41.960 use it in that intentional way. But again, I think 364 00:18:42.160 --> 00:18:44.039 even when we do that, we tend to say in 365 00:18:44.039 --> 00:18:46.440 a way that where we use the inflection of our 366 00:18:46.559 --> 00:18:50.039 voice to emphasize how we're using the negation itself, right, 367 00:18:50.119 --> 00:18:53.680 And so again you get from context what is being 368 00:18:53.680 --> 00:18:55.759 meant there. And I think people might hear like, well, 369 00:18:55.759 --> 00:18:57.599 you shouldn't have to depend on context, and I would 370 00:18:57.680 --> 00:19:00.319 argue you are always depending on contact. There are a 371 00:19:00.319 --> 00:19:03.720 lot of things that we say that are different heard 372 00:19:03.920 --> 00:19:07.559 versus written down versus spoken versus like, however, they're communicated 373 00:19:07.880 --> 00:19:10.960 and said in different languages, and like I would argue, 374 00:19:11.039 --> 00:19:13.319 most of the things we say, we're depending on context 375 00:19:13.359 --> 00:19:15.279 for those things to make any amount of sense. And 376 00:19:15.319 --> 00:19:17.480 in particular, if I were to just shout a bunch 377 00:19:17.519 --> 00:19:20.400 of random words at you that are decontextualized, you'd be 378 00:19:20.519 --> 00:19:24.799 very confused. I'm like, electric boogo loogobooo, and you're like, okay, 379 00:19:24.920 --> 00:19:28.680 I understood part of that, I think, but and obviously 380 00:19:28.759 --> 00:19:30.680 those aren't even really words. But but the point being 381 00:19:30.680 --> 00:19:34.720 that like decontextualized words don't mean anything either, So it's 382 00:19:34.799 --> 00:19:37.039 it's always going to be part of the conversation of 383 00:19:37.079 --> 00:19:39.640 what's actually happening. You just use that. And of course 384 00:19:39.680 --> 00:19:42.119 we have things like as I mentioned, our inflections and whatnot. 385 00:19:42.480 --> 00:19:44.359 Right, I was thinking about that with the I don't 386 00:19:44.359 --> 00:19:46.160 want nothing, right like, if I said I don't want 387 00:19:46.200 --> 00:19:48.559 nothing like, that's like pretty chill, pretty. But if I 388 00:19:48.559 --> 00:19:50.880 said I don't want nothing like, that tells me that 389 00:19:50.880 --> 00:19:53.960 that person is pretty maybe upset or irritated or they 390 00:19:53.960 --> 00:19:56.039 don't like you enough, like you know, I could see 391 00:19:56.039 --> 00:19:57.319 there's a lot of things that could come out of 392 00:19:57.359 --> 00:19:59.599 that just by the emphasis, and I think that really matters. 393 00:19:59.640 --> 00:20:02.240 But again that's social clues, that's context and that does 394 00:20:02.480 --> 00:20:04.519 that does matter. That makes a huge difference. 395 00:20:04.839 --> 00:20:08.440 You could also say I don't want nothing and that 396 00:20:08.480 --> 00:20:12.359 way like that that actually does use the first negation 397 00:20:12.599 --> 00:20:14.839 right to change the direction of the second one. And 398 00:20:14.920 --> 00:20:17.680 so yeah, again and it's contextual, but you would you 399 00:20:17.720 --> 00:20:20.759 would get from that that situation like what you're communicating. 400 00:20:21.200 --> 00:20:25.000 Yeah. Absolutely. Another critical feature of AVE is something called 401 00:20:25.400 --> 00:20:29.480