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<v Speaker 1>Welcome back to the Doctor Wendy Wall Show on KFI

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<v Speaker 1>AM six forty, live everywhere on the iHeartRadio app. Well,

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<v Speaker 1>my next guest is someone I am very excited to

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<v Speaker 1>have on the show. He's the author of the best

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<v Speaker 1>selling book The All Are Nothing Marriage, How the Best

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<v Speaker 1>Marriages Work. Now, He's not just some dating coach sitting

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<v Speaker 1>on TikTok. He's a professor at Northwestern University and also

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<v Speaker 1>Kellogg's School of Management. He studies romantic relationships and American politics. Whoop,

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<v Speaker 1>that's a collision, and The Economist once declared him one

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<v Speaker 1>of the leading lights in the realm of relationship psychology.

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<v Speaker 1>Doctor Eli Finkel, thanks so much for joining the Doctor

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<v Speaker 1>Wendy Wall Show.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm happy to be here, Thanks for having me, and.

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<v Speaker 1>I am excited to hear about your take on marriage.

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<v Speaker 3>Before we get into.

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<v Speaker 1>What I like to call news, you can use tips

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<v Speaker 1>for people and love hacks. Can we talk a little

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<v Speaker 1>bit about the whole idea of marriage. Some people think

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<v Speaker 1>that marriage is becoming extinct. Can we remind people the

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<v Speaker 1>history of marriage and what its cultural reason for being

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<v Speaker 1>even is.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I love the question. Most of us, right, we

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<v Speaker 2>live in one particular historical and cultural moment, and we

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<v Speaker 2>think that marriage just is that that's what it always was.

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<v Speaker 2>But of course marriage is a social institution. It changes

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<v Speaker 2>over time. And one of the things that I learned

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<v Speaker 2>a lot from doing is tracking how marriage has changed

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<v Speaker 2>over time, the expectations that we bring. And it turns

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<v Speaker 2>out that we are in an era where we have

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<v Speaker 2>changed the institution of marriage in a way that makes

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<v Speaker 2>it more fragile but also makes the best marriages better

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<v Speaker 2>than the best marriages of earlier eras, right.

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<v Speaker 1>And I actually have one of those great marriages. Now

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<v Speaker 1>I just got married and obvious, so I'll let you

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<v Speaker 1>know in five years. But let's go back into history.

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<v Speaker 1>So let's go back to way back. So in our

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<v Speaker 1>anthropological past, obviously marriage didn't exist.

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<v Speaker 3>But what was you think the advent?

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<v Speaker 1>Do you think it was when we moved into agriculture

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<v Speaker 1>or when did this whole concept of one heterosexual male,

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<v Speaker 1>one heterosexual female to gather in one abode, helping offspring

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<v Speaker 1>that came from both of them.

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<v Speaker 2>Only, well, there's been you know, it has formed in

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<v Speaker 2>all sorts of cultural contexts, in all sorts of ways,

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<v Speaker 2>with all sorts of structures. The thing that I found

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<v Speaker 2>especially useful to do was to unpack how it was

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<v Speaker 2>structured when you know, Europeans first started colonizing this land

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<v Speaker 2>and then track it up until the present day. And

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<v Speaker 2>if you look at that first era, it was an

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<v Speaker 2>agricultural era, and the way we think about marriage today

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<v Speaker 2>just would not make much sense. People of course, preferred

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<v Speaker 2>to love their spouse, and if the sex was good,

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<v Speaker 2>that was even better. But people didn't say things like,

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<v Speaker 2>you know, gosh, Jeff is a good man, and yet

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<v Speaker 2>I don't feel the pitter patter when I, you know,

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<v Speaker 2>when we kiss, and therefore I'm not going to marry him.

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<v Speaker 2>Because marriage was too important. It was literally about things

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<v Speaker 2>like food, clothing, and shelter and these more psychological sorts

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<v Speaker 2>of needs. People just couldn't really prioritize them back in

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<v Speaker 2>that era.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, I remember one time touring a former plantation

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<v Speaker 1>down in the south in Louisiana, and I found it

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<v Speaker 1>really interesting. Forget about the tragic parts of history. But

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<v Speaker 1>one of the things they had in the ladies bedroom

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<v Speaker 1>was a glass case that had letters that she had

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<v Speaker 1>written to her sister, who was a wife on another

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<v Speaker 1>plantation down the way. And they really looked like quite

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<v Speaker 1>love letters. And when I asked the tour guide about this,

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<v Speaker 1>she said, well, often Irish and English girls were sent

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<v Speaker 1>over to the New World to be wise of the

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<v Speaker 1>plantation owners, and their closest relationship was often with their sibling.

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<v Speaker 1>It wasn't any form of romantic marriage. And yet she

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<v Speaker 1>talks about, you know, my dear sister, you are in

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<v Speaker 1>my heart at all times. I love you, I can't

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<v Speaker 1>wait and see you. It was a love letter to

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<v Speaker 1>her because that was really her secure attachment more than

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<v Speaker 1>her husband.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. Yeah, it's beautiful. It's also you know, heartbreaking in

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<v Speaker 2>its own way, but it is true that again we

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<v Speaker 2>stand up in front of our loved ones and you know,

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<v Speaker 2>a minister of the faith and say I want to

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<v Speaker 2>marry you because you're my best friend or you complete me.

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<v Speaker 2>And that just isn't what it used to be about.

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<v Speaker 1>Right.

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<v Speaker 2>That's why it wasn't crazy for people back in an

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<v Speaker 2>earlier era to marry people they had never met, or

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<v Speaker 2>have families sort of set up the whole arrangement for us,

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<v Speaker 2>because it wasn't primarily about the individual fulfillment of the spouses.

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<v Speaker 2>And that's really changed. I mean, it started changing in

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<v Speaker 2>a widespread way around the middle of the eighteen hundreds

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<v Speaker 2>when we had industrialization and then a bunch of young

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<v Speaker 2>people for the first time ever anywhere where graphically and

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<v Speaker 2>economically independent of their parents. And it was then that

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<v Speaker 2>they started to think, well, I would like to marry

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<v Speaker 2>based on my own personal fulfillment. And we've continued to

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<v Speaker 2>see that trend up until the present day. And like

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<v Speaker 2>I said, I don't want to sound like I'm judging

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<v Speaker 2>or castigating people. I'm delighted that I live in this

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<v Speaker 2>era of marriage, and you know, it is more fragile

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<v Speaker 2>because there are marriages that would have been totally sufficient

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<v Speaker 2>for our grandparents, and today we say no, not for

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<v Speaker 2>the expectations I'm bringing, not for the things I'm looking

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<v Speaker 2>to get from the marriage. But what we forget is

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<v Speaker 2>along with those expectations comes something positive, which is we're

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<v Speaker 2>seeking a deeper emotional, spiritual, psychological sort of connection than

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<v Speaker 2>people were seeking, say a few hundred years ago, but

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<v Speaker 2>even fifty or seventy five years ago, and some of

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<v Speaker 2>us are sticking the landing on that. And it's pretty

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<v Speaker 2>great when we're able to do that.

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<v Speaker 1>When it does happen. Now, your book is called the

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<v Speaker 1>all or nothing marriage. Does that allude to the fact

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<v Speaker 1>that today people want not just a you know, protector, provider, caregiver,

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<v Speaker 1>a survival marriage, but they also want a best friend,

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<v Speaker 1>They want intellectual stimulation, they want emotional support. Is this

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<v Speaker 1>the part of the all that we want in our marriage?

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<v Speaker 2>Yes? And really the all or nothing marriage is. What

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<v Speaker 2>has happened as a result of those changing expectations is

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<v Speaker 2>that the average marriage, at least in the US, if

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<v Speaker 2>you track this stuff over time, the average marriage has

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<v Speaker 2>gotten worse. You know, divorce rates are much higher than

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<v Speaker 2>they were one hundred years ago or three hundred years

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<v Speaker 2>ago and so forth. And our level of satisfaction, even

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<v Speaker 2>in those marriages that make it is a little lower

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<v Speaker 2>on average, but there is a.

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<v Speaker 1>Substantial minoritations are so high.

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<v Speaker 2>That's right, that's right, because we end up disappointed with

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<v Speaker 2>the things aren't The marriage isn't delivering everything we'd ask.

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<v Speaker 2>But again, some of them are pretty good. And so

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<v Speaker 2>when I say the all or nothing marriage, I'm referring

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<v Speaker 2>to this current era where the average marriage is worse

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<v Speaker 2>than before, but the best marriages are better than ever.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, I had a friend, I have a friend,

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<v Speaker 1>and she was in a terrible marriage for years, and

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<v Speaker 1>I always you say, you gotta leave them, you got

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<v Speaker 1>to leave them, And she said, you know, you just

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<v Speaker 1>like things to be better than I need them to be.

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<v Speaker 1>Like it was struck from the outside. I was like,

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<v Speaker 1>I wouldn't put up with it even for all that

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<v Speaker 1>money he's thrown in there.

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<v Speaker 3>But she was happy with the money.

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<v Speaker 2>Wichard. You know what's fascinating about that is I think

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<v Speaker 2>that that the two of you have you've just described

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<v Speaker 2>your temperaments, you are more likely to have a truly

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<v Speaker 2>extraordinary connection because of how demanding you are, what your

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<v Speaker 2>expectations are. But at the same time, you're more likely

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<v Speaker 2>to be disappointed in a marriage that's like kind of

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<v Speaker 2>okay and like pretty good. But she's she's doing just

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<v Speaker 2>fine with that marriage. And for you it wouldn't work,

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<v Speaker 2>but for her it works just fine.

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<v Speaker 3>It works just fine. Exactly.

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<v Speaker 1>Listen, when we come back, we have to go to

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<v Speaker 1>a break. I want to talk about some of your

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<v Speaker 1>must try love hacks from your book, and also I'm

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<v Speaker 1>going to ask you if you tried any of these

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<v Speaker 1>hacks with your wife. My guest doctor Eli Finkel, author

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<v Speaker 1>of The All or Nothing Marriage, how the best marriages work.

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<v Speaker 1>And also, I forgot to say, co host of one

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<v Speaker 1>of my favorite podcasts, Love Factually, Love Fact Doctor, Eli,

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<v Speaker 1>how did you come up with this idea for a podcast? Oh?

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<v Speaker 2>So this is a podcast I'm doing with Paul Eastwick.

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<v Speaker 2>I think he's been a guest on your show recently

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<v Speaker 2>as well. He and I are both relationships researchers, and

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<v Speaker 2>we came to this sort of disconcerting realization that, you know,

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<v Speaker 2>there are literally hundreds of people who devote their careers

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<v Speaker 2>to trying to use the methods of science that is,

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<v Speaker 2>developing hypotheses and collecting data and evaluating the evidence with

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<v Speaker 2>regard to what makes relationships good or bad, and most

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<v Speaker 2>of those findings are cloistered in like academic libraries. And

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<v Speaker 2>so we had this idea that, like, what if we

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<v Speaker 2>could get those insights, the best scientific insights, out to

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<v Speaker 2>the public in a way that was just really fun

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<v Speaker 2>for everybody. And so what we decided to do is

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<v Speaker 2>is do that through the realm, or through the mechanism

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<v Speaker 2>of movies. Popular romance movies like When Harry Met Sally,

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<v Speaker 2>or La La Land or you know whatever else Jerry Maguire.

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<v Speaker 2>These movies inject into the culture ideas about how relationships work. Well,

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<v Speaker 2>we have the data.

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<v Speaker 3>To wrong ideas, by the way, Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>That's right, that's totally right. But one thing it's been satisfying.

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<v Speaker 2>Each episode is about a particular movie, and one thing

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<v Speaker 2>that we force ourselves to do in each episode to say, like,

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<v Speaker 2>what does the movie get right and what does the

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<v Speaker 2>movie get wrong? And it is it is definitely a

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<v Speaker 2>mixed bag. It's our opportunity to you know, fact check Hollywood,

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<v Speaker 2>and sometimes they do get it right also, so it's

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<v Speaker 2>been fun to try to take a sober lens to

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<v Speaker 2>those things.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, one of the things that I've always said about

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<v Speaker 1>romantic comedies is that they end at the beginning.

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<v Speaker 3>They end at the beginning of it really well.

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<v Speaker 2>You're right, you are absolutely right. It's like, well, we

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<v Speaker 2>worked through that, we had the meat too, and then

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<v Speaker 2>we had the conflict, and then we like realized it

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<v Speaker 2>was all okay, and we fell in love, and then

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<v Speaker 2>the movie ends, right, well, there is the next sixty

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<v Speaker 2>years and.

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<v Speaker 3>Now the work comes.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, exactly.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, anyway to everybody, if you're listening, Love Factually is

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<v Speaker 1>available on the iHeartRadio app as well. Okay, let's get

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<v Speaker 1>back to the all or nothing marriage, how the best

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<v Speaker 1>marriages work? What are some of your must try love

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<v Speaker 1>hacks for all of us?

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<v Speaker 3>And I'm taking notes here.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, the idea of the love hack is, you know,

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<v Speaker 2>you get people like me to, you know, talk on

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<v Speaker 2>shows about how to make relationships good, and mostly it's

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<v Speaker 2>conversations about a lot of work. Right. It's like, here

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<v Speaker 2>are the ways that you can invest, and here's how

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<v Speaker 2>to have a more active sex life to work at it,

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<v Speaker 2>and here are the communication things you need to do,

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<v Speaker 2>and it's going to be hard, and all those things

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<v Speaker 2>are good.

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<v Speaker 1>Right.

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<v Speaker 2>In the book and the All and Nothing Marriage, I

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<v Speaker 2>talk about those things, but I also spend the chapter

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<v Speaker 2>basically saying, are there any quick and dirty things we

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<v Speaker 2>can do? Not the things that are going to make

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<v Speaker 2>a bad marriage a good marriage. You need to work

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<v Speaker 2>hard to do that. But are the things that we

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<v Speaker 2>can do to make things just a little bit better

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<v Speaker 2>regardless of how good the marriage is. And yeah, there's

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<v Speaker 2>a bunch of sort of quick and easy things we

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<v Speaker 2>can do. One of my favorites, I've actually called it

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<v Speaker 2>the marriage hack. Right. It's trying to think about conflict

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<v Speaker 2>in our relationship, not through our regular vantage point, not

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<v Speaker 2>through our own two eyes, but from the perspective of

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<v Speaker 2>a neutral third party who wants the best for everybody.

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<v Speaker 1>And we ran a we ran a candid camera in

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<v Speaker 1>the room.

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<v Speaker 2>That's exactly right, a fly on the wall or something. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>it's a more friendly than candid camera perhaps, But we

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<v Speaker 2>ran a study where we randomly assigned couples to do this,

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<v Speaker 2>and then we tracked them versus a control condition of

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<v Speaker 2>couples who didn't get this advice, and we found that

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<v Speaker 2>their marriage was literally better over time. And all they

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<v Speaker 2>had done throughout the course of the study is they'd

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<v Speaker 2>written for twenty one minutes over the course of the

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<v Speaker 2>year trying to think about conflict in their relationship from

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<v Speaker 2>this neutral third party perspective. And so that's one of

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<v Speaker 2>those quick and dirty things we can do to make

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<v Speaker 2>ourselves a little bit happier in our marriage.

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<v Speaker 1>Just imagine you're watching it going on and taking both

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<v Speaker 1>people's sides, like, oh, come on, you.

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<v Speaker 2>Guys, that's exactly right. It's just like a reorientation. A

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<v Speaker 2>reorientation sometimes people call it self distancing, because from our

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<v Speaker 2>own perspective, it's really easy to understand why everything we

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<v Speaker 2>did was reasonable and why the other person is being

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<v Speaker 2>totally outrageous. It turns out you just force yourself to

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<v Speaker 2>be like, well, what would this look like if I

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<v Speaker 2>were watching the two of us right now? Would I

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<v Speaker 2>be able to see his perspective a little bit better?

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<v Speaker 2>Would I be able to understand maybe I'm being a

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<v Speaker 2>little hypocritical? We can do that if we try, and

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<v Speaker 2>it's not much work.

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<v Speaker 1>Can I ask you about gratitude?

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<v Speaker 3>Is it a love hack?

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<v Speaker 2>I think it is. Yes. So there's lots of different

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<v Speaker 2>ways you could go about this, but the love hack

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<v Speaker 2>version of gratitude is simply reminding ourselves of the nice

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<v Speaker 2>things that our partner has done for us. And one

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<v Speaker 2>place that I like to start to think about gratitude again.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know what everybody's sort of worldview is or

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<v Speaker 2>religious background, but the best that the scientists can tell

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<v Speaker 2>us is that the universe started thirteen point eight billion

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<v Speaker 2>years ago, the Earth started around four and a half

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<v Speaker 2>or five billion years ago, and we emerged from that

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<v Speaker 2>and we are literally stardust. When I say literally, I

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<v Speaker 2>mean the best the scientists can tell us is that

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<v Speaker 2>we emerge from some big cosmic explosion and from that

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<v Speaker 2>point of view, the amount of grievance that we allow

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<v Speaker 2>ourselves to feel that we indulge in seems to be

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<v Speaker 2>a little excessive. Can we remember that, yes, there are

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<v Speaker 2>ways that our partner wasn't perfect, absolutely, but there are

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<v Speaker 2>certainly nice things that our partner is doing as well,

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<v Speaker 2>and we can make ourselves and our partner happier if

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<v Speaker 2>we lean in on those gratitude sorts of feelings.

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<v Speaker 3>So I'm going to tell you a story.

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<v Speaker 1>So one of the things my husband does is he

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<v Speaker 1>leaves drawers open an inch or two in a halfhaszard

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<v Speaker 1>way as well as closet doors crack. And one day

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<v Speaker 1>it occurred to me that this was my problem, not his,

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<v Speaker 1>that it's not his job to make me happy. If

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<v Speaker 1>I need an organized environment, that is my issue, not his.

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<v Speaker 1>And so I decided to reframe it and turn it

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<v Speaker 1>into a little workout. Sometimes I do squats as I'm

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<v Speaker 1>closing his drawers, and doing it with any so that

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<v Speaker 1>I'm getting some benefit. I try to get into weird

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<v Speaker 1>contorted body positions as I close ers, so that least

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<v Speaker 1>I'm getting work out. But also every time I close

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<v Speaker 1>a drawer, I say I love you, Julio I.

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<v Speaker 3>Love you, Hula.

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<v Speaker 2>How nice is that?

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<v Speaker 3>Just to remind my brain?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, because you just as easily could have said what

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<v Speaker 2>a jerk. How easy would it be for him to

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<v Speaker 2>have closed this? I've asked him thirty times. He knows

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<v Speaker 2>it's important to me. You would have been totally within

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<v Speaker 2>your rights. It would have been a reasonable way to respond,

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<v Speaker 2>and yet you chose this other way to respond, and

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<v Speaker 2>both of you are much happier.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, of course now he leaves things open more often

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<v Speaker 1>because he likes to hear that.

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<v Speaker 3>I love you. Oh insensive, I'm kind of rewarding it.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, we have very little time left, but I do

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<v Speaker 1>want to ask you for one more quick hack. And

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<v Speaker 1>have you tried them all on your wife?

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<v Speaker 2>Have I tried all of them? One of my favorite

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<v Speaker 2>hacks is really straightforward one. It's related to what we

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<v Speaker 2>were talking about here, which is, there are circumstances that

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<v Speaker 2>exist in the world. Those are real, but what the

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<v Speaker 2>circumstance means that's up to us. The world like facts exist,

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<v Speaker 2>but they don't interpret themselves, and so we get to

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<v Speaker 2>interpret what we want to do. And you have just

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<v Speaker 2>offered a great example with regard to the open drawer.

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<v Speaker 2>You get to interpret that however you want. Have I

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<v Speaker 2>used all eight of the love hacks in my own marriage?

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<v Speaker 2>My guess is that I have. I haven't been systematic,

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<v Speaker 2>I haven't gone one to eight to do it, But

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<v Speaker 2>if I look through the list of eight, I'm confident

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<v Speaker 2>that I have tried to use them in my own

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<v Speaker 2>marriage as well.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, so you literally being a relationship expert, a relationship researcher,

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<v Speaker 1>does your wife feel threatened or grateful?

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<v Speaker 2>She just rolls her eyes. She just thinks this idea.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, the dedication of my book is to my wife, Allison,

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<v Speaker 2>who thinks it's hilarious that I'm a marriage expert.

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<v Speaker 1>Now, Julio tells his friends, if I can't have a

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<v Speaker 1>healthy relationship with this one, I can't have it with anybody.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh that's interesting, that's interesting.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, thank you so much for joining us. The book

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<v Speaker 1>is the All or Nothing Marriage, How the Best Marriages Work,

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<v Speaker 1>and the podcast is Love Factually?

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<v Speaker 3>Get It? Love Actually?

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<v Speaker 2>Is It?

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<v Speaker 1>Love Actually is one of my favorite movies, by the way,

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<v Speaker 1>But Love Factually there's an f in there, Doctor Eli Finkle,

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<v Speaker 1>Thank you so much for joining us.

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<v Speaker 2>Thank you for having me.

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<v Speaker 1>And that brings the Doctor Wendy Wall Show to eight Clothes.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm always here for you every Sunday night from seven

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<v Speaker 1>to nine. You can also follow me on my social

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<v Speaker 1>media at doctor Wendy Walsh. You've been listening to The

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<v Speaker 1>Doctor Wendy Wall Show on KFI AM six forty Live

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<v Speaker 1>everywhere on the iHeartRadio app
