WEBVTT

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<v Speaker 1>You know when you search online and you get like

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<v Speaker 1>millions of results back from Google.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, absolutely, it feels like that's everything right, the whole Internet.

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<v Speaker 2>It really does. But that's actually just scratching.

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<v Speaker 1>The surface, just the tip of the iceberg.

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<v Speaker 2>Kind of exactly the analogy we need today. We're going

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<v Speaker 2>to talk about what's underneath the deep web and the

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<v Speaker 2>dark net.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, and they're not the same thing, which I think

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<v Speaker 1>confuses a lot of people.

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<v Speaker 2>Definitely, that's key. The surface web, that's the Google stuff,

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<v Speaker 2>the tip the deep web is the huge part submerged underwater,

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<v Speaker 2>and the dark net that's like the very bottom, intentionally hidden.

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<v Speaker 1>Got it. So our mission today, based on what you've

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<v Speaker 1>looked into, is to kind of demystify this without getting

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<v Speaker 1>lost in super technical stuff.

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<v Speaker 2>Precisely, we'll break down what they are, how you might

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<v Speaker 2>access them, what they're used for, the good and the bad,

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<v Speaker 2>and you know the risks involved.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, let's dive in then below the water line. If

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<v Speaker 1>Google and being only see the surface, what's making up

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<v Speaker 1>this massive deep web? You said like ninety six percent.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, estimates are around ninety six percent. It's enormous, but

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<v Speaker 2>it's not necessarily sinister. A lot of it is pretty mundane,

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<v Speaker 2>actually mundane, Like what well think about databases? Your source

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<v Speaker 2>mentioned the Denver property tax system. You can look up records,

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<v Speaker 2>but Google isn't indexing every single property individually for a

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<v Speaker 2>general search.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh okay, that makes sense.

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<v Speaker 2>Or your online bank account, your email, inbox, subscription, journals,

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<v Speaker 2>cloud storage like dropbox, internal company networks. You log into.

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<v Speaker 1>The stuff behind a log inner is specific query exactly.

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<v Speaker 2>You usually just need the right web address, maybe a password.

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<v Speaker 2>No special secret software is typically needed for the deep

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<v Speaker 2>web itself.

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<v Speaker 1>Right, not like you need a special browser just to

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<v Speaker 1>check your email. So the darknet, Yeah, that's where it

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<v Speaker 1>gets different, the really hidden part.

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<v Speaker 2>That's the shifts. The darknet is part of the deep

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<v Speaker 2>web technically, but it's the portion that's deliberately concealed and

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<v Speaker 2>built for anonymity.

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<v Speaker 1>And that does need special tools.

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<v Speaker 2>Absolutely. You can't just stumble onto it. The main tool

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<v Speaker 2>people use is the tour browser door.

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<v Speaker 1>Right. One of your sources called it diving gear. Is

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<v Speaker 1>that the only way in It's.

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<v Speaker 2>The most common by far. There are other darknets like

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<v Speaker 2>itop free net, zero net. They have different focuses, maybe

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<v Speaker 2>secure file sharing or decentralized sites, but Tour is the

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<v Speaker 2>big one most people mean when they say darknet.

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<v Speaker 1>Tour stands for the onion router, right, it sounds layered,

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<v Speaker 1>it is.

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<v Speaker 2>That's the whole principle. It uses onion routing.

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<v Speaker 1>How does that work? How does it make you anonymous? Okay?

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<v Speaker 2>So instead of your computer talking directly to the website,

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<v Speaker 2>Tour bounces your connection through a chain of volunteer run

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<v Speaker 2>servers or relays across the world like a detour, sort

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<v Speaker 2>of multiple detours, and your data is wrapped in layers

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<v Speaker 2>of encryption like an onion. Each server only decrypts one

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<v Speaker 2>layer enough to know where to send it next.

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<v Speaker 1>So no single server knows the whole path exactly.

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<v Speaker 2>The first node knows you connected, but not the final destination.

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<v Speaker 2>The last node, the exit node, knows the destination website,

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<v Speaker 2>but not your original IP address. It makes tracing back

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<v Speaker 2>to you incredibly difficult.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, that's clever. So if someone you know wanted to

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<v Speaker 1>access this very carefully, how do they get Tour?

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<v Speaker 2>Crucially, only download it from the official Tour project website

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<v Speaker 2>tourproject dot org, not from anywhere else, absolutely not. There

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<v Speaker 2>are fake versions out there loaded with malware. It's available

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<v Speaker 2>for Windows, Mac, Linux, and Android. Android sometimes needs an

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<v Speaker 2>extra app called Orbot, especially for the.

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<v Speaker 1>Alpha browser official source only. Yeah, got it? And once

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<v Speaker 1>you have it, are you just browsing like normal? Well?

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<v Speaker 2>You can use tour to browse the regular surface web

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<v Speaker 2>more privately. But darknet sites themselves have special addresses. They

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<v Speaker 2>end in.

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<v Speaker 1>Onion dot onion not dot com.

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<v Speaker 2>Hey, and those dot onion addresses only work inside the

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<v Speaker 2>Tour network. Your regular browser won't understand them.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, specific addresses for a specific network. Now, safety, your

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<v Speaker 1>sources were really clear on this. It sounds risky. What

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<v Speaker 1>are the main precautions?

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<v Speaker 2>Extreme caution is non negotiable. First, many recommend using a VPN.

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<v Speaker 1>As well a VPN and tour.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, for an extra layer, you can do tour over

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<v Speaker 2>VPN connect VPN first, then tour your ispc's VPN traffic,

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<v Speaker 2>not Tour traffic or VPN over tour connect Tour first,

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<v Speaker 2>then VPN That hides your real IP from the VPN

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<v Speaker 2>and might protect from bad exit nodes. But the Tour

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<v Speaker 2>project itself has some reservations about that setup. Still, either

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<v Speaker 2>is generally seen as better than just tour alone. If

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<v Speaker 2>you're worried about your ISP knowing you're using it an.

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<v Speaker 1>Extra digital bodyguard? Okay, what else?

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<v Speaker 2>Verify dot onion URLs. Since HTTPS and standard security certificates

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<v Speaker 2>aren't common, you need to check addresses from multiple trusted places.

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<v Speaker 2>Don't trust anyone you interact with. Never ever share personal info.

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<v Speaker 2>Don't upload pictures or files definitey.

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<v Speaker 1>Don't download anything either.

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<v Speaker 2>I guess absolutely not huge malware risk. Even. Be careful

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<v Speaker 2>with image previews and search results. Sometimes illegal content can

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<v Speaker 2>get catched just from a thumbnail. And just don't buy

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<v Speaker 2>anything it's likely a scam. Legal and crypto payments are

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<v Speaker 2>usually final, no refunds.

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<v Speaker 1>It's like a good rule. Anything else technical.

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<v Speaker 2>You might consider disabling JavaScript in the Tour browser's security

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<v Speaker 2>settings for extra protection, and just be aware. Your internet

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<v Speaker 2>provider can often tell you're connecting to the Tour network,

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<v Speaker 2>even if they don't know what you're doing. In some

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<v Speaker 2>places like the US, that alone could raise flags.

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<v Speaker 1>That's a heavy list of warnings. It pants a pretty

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<v Speaker 1>dark picture. But it's not all illegal stuff, is it?

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<v Speaker 1>Your sources mentioned legitimate uses.

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<v Speaker 2>Too, No, definitely not all bad. The anonymity is critical

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<v Speaker 2>for some people. Think about dissidents or activists and oppressive regimes,

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<v Speaker 2>journalists protecting sources, whistleblowers like.

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<v Speaker 1>During the Arab Spring, or someone like Edward.

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<v Speaker 2>Snowden, exactly, people who need to communicate or access information

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<v Speaker 2>without being tracked by authorities who might harm them. It

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<v Speaker 2>lets people bypass censorship.

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<v Speaker 1>So it's a tool for free speech and safety and

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<v Speaker 1>dangerous situations.

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<v Speaker 2>It really can be. Even big organizations see value in them.

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<v Speaker 2>The New York Times has a done insight for secure tips.

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<v Speaker 2>Facebook has one, so people in censored countries can still

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<v Speaker 2>access it.

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<v Speaker 1>Facebook on the darknet. That's surprising.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, specifically for access where the main site is blocked.

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<v Speaker 2>It shows the utility of the network beyond the illicit stuff.

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<v Speaker 1>Are there other sort of less intense positive examples.

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<v Speaker 2>Sure your sources mention things like the chess for playing

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<v Speaker 2>anonymous chess. Someone documented exploring tunnels under a university on

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<v Speaker 2>a site called it Tunnels. Maybe just quirky Anonymous sharing.

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<v Speaker 2>Secure email providers like proton mail have a presence, though

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<v Speaker 2>they're on the regular web. Two. Some newspapers are setting

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<v Speaker 2>up Onion versions. Even some tech journalists have personal sites

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<v Speaker 2>mirrored there.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, so it's a mixed bag, But let's face it,

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<v Speaker 1>the reputation comes from the illegal side. What kind of

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<v Speaker 1>nasty stuff is actually for sale there?

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<v Speaker 2>Well, it's pretty much what you'd, unfortunately expect. Drugs are common,

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<v Speaker 2>everything from marijuana to dangerous poisons like Risin still in.

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<v Speaker 2>Financial data is huge, credit card numbers, bank logins.

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<v Speaker 1>So from data breaches we hear about often.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, also weapons, explosives, fake passports, ID cards, even counterfeit

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<v Speaker 2>university degrees. There are mentions of deal killers or hitman services,

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<v Speaker 2>though it's really uncertain how real those are. Could just

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<v Speaker 2>be scams let's hope they're scams, agreed, And lots of

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<v Speaker 2>malware crimeware kits that let people with low skills launch attacks.

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<v Speaker 2>One source even mentioned uranium or being listed once, which

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<v Speaker 2>is disturbing.

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<v Speaker 1>Uranium seriously wow? Okay? And how does it specifically help

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<v Speaker 1>cybercrime happen.

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<v Speaker 2>It's like a digital back alley and marketplace combined. Criminals

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<v Speaker 2>can chat securely, plan attacks, buy and sell hacking tools,

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<v Speaker 2>or even rent out services rin services like what DTOs

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<v Speaker 2>for hire pay someone to knock a website offline, renting

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<v Speaker 2>botnets networks of infected computers to send spam or launch attacks.

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<v Speaker 2>Ransomware as a service, where developers provide the malware and

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<v Speaker 2>infrastructure and affiliates just need to infect victims.

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<v Speaker 1>So lowers the bar for entry into cybercrime.

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<v Speaker 2>Assively, you don't need to be a master hacker yourself. Plus,

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<v Speaker 2>there are anonymous hosting and email services. Criminals use forums

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<v Speaker 2>to trade stolen data or vulnerability info. Search engines like

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<v Speaker 2>Candle or torch specifically for finding onion sights, including illicit ones,

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<v Speaker 2>and the risk of malware is constant, even from things

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<v Speaker 2>pretending to be helpful like fake tour browsers.

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<v Speaker 1>It really sounds like an enabler for a lot of

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<v Speaker 1>digital crime. How does this impact cybersecurity for regular businesses.

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<v Speaker 2>And people, It's a huge factor. The darknit provides the

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<v Speaker 2>hidden infrastructure. It's where attacks are often planned, tools are traded,

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<v Speaker 2>and data is sold. This constant churn of threats means

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<v Speaker 2>security teams have to be vigilant. The commoditization of attack

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<v Speaker 2>tools means more attacks, potentially less sophisticated, but still damaging ones.

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<v Speaker 2>And the anonymity makes attribution and takedowns really hard for

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<v Speaker 2>law enforcement.

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<v Speaker 1>Which I guess is why security pros are looking there

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<v Speaker 1>for threat intelligence.

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<v Speaker 2>Exactly. They monitor the deep and dark web to get

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<v Speaker 2>ahead of threats. They're looking for chatter about attacking specific companies,

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<v Speaker 2>leaked company data, stolen employee credentials being sold, new malware emerging.

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<v Speaker 1>Trying to spot trouble before it hits right.

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<v Speaker 2>If your company's data shows up for sale, you know

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<v Speaker 2>you've had a breach. If people are discussing exploiting a

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<v Speaker 2>flaw and software you use, you can patch it faster.

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<v Speaker 2>It's about early warnings.

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<v Speaker 1>Makes sense, okay. One last technical bit you mentioned earlier,

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<v Speaker 1>the differences between tour itop and free net. Can you

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<v Speaker 1>quickly recap those? Sure?

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<v Speaker 2>They all provide anonymity, but have slightly different designs and goals.

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<v Speaker 2>Tour is the biggest, mainly an anonymous proxy for browsing

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<v Speaker 2>the web and accessing dot onion sites. It routes traffic

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<v Speaker 2>through a network. Itop is more of a network within itself,

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<v Speaker 2>like a separate anonymous Internet layer, focused on peer to

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<v Speaker 2>peer communication side i twop. Free net is older, focused

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<v Speaker 2>specifically on censorship resistant anonymous publishing and putting content up

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<v Speaker 2>and making it hard to take down. It's less for

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<v Speaker 2>general browsing, more for distributing files or hosting sites anonymously, so.

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<v Speaker 1>Different tools for slightly different anonymous jobs.

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<v Speaker 2>Pretty much. Yeah, tour is the most versatile for general use.

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<v Speaker 1>Probably. Okay, So we've gone pretty deep here, surface web,

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<v Speaker 1>deep web, darknet, distinct layers, different access, different uses. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>a lot more complex than just the bad Internet.

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<v Speaker 2>Absolutely, the deep web is mostly normal stuff, just not indexed.

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<v Speaker 2>The darknet is intentionally hidden, needs tools like Tour and

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<v Speaker 2>hosts both illicit marketplaces and vital tools for privacy and safety.

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<v Speaker 1>And that second part is easy to forget, isn't it

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<v Speaker 1>That anonymity well abused, is also genuinely needed by vulnerable people,

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<v Speaker 1>by journalists, by activists.

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<v Speaker 2>It's crucial to remember that balance. The technology itself is

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<v Speaker 2>neutral is how people use it, but the risks, especially

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<v Speaker 2>on the darknet, are very real. Caution is paramount extreme caution.

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<v Speaker 1>As you said, So wrapping this up, it leaves us

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<v Speaker 1>with a pretty big question, doesn't it for you the listener?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, think about this. As our world gets more digital,

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<v Speaker 2>privacy becomes well trickier. We have this an internet that

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<v Speaker 2>enables crime but also protects freedom. How is that tension going.

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<v Speaker 1>To play out? How will our relationship with the deep

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<v Speaker 1>web in darknet shape, online freedom, security, privacy, all of

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<v Speaker 1>it in the future. Definitely something to chew on. Thanks

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<v Speaker 1>for navigating us through.

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<v Speaker 2>That, my pleasure. It's a fascinating and important topic