WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:03.879 I want to talk about the new pope and how 2 00:00:03.919 --> 00:00:08.839 impressed I've been with him thus far. And the one 3 00:00:08.919 --> 00:00:13.039 area that I think I'm most impressed with is this 4 00:00:13.240 --> 00:00:18.800 sense he has this sort of audacious program that apparently 5 00:00:18.839 --> 00:00:23.960 he wants to set out on this audacious goal of teaching. 6 00:00:24.640 --> 00:00:28.079 And it was revealed in two different spots. First, he 7 00:00:28.199 --> 00:00:32.399 had this address to the group of cardinals. This was 8 00:00:32.439 --> 00:00:37.280 about a day or so after he was elected, and 9 00:00:37.320 --> 00:00:42.320 he talks about why he picked the name Leo the fourteenth. 10 00:00:42.640 --> 00:00:45.359 So for those who don't know, when a new pope 11 00:00:45.439 --> 00:00:50.200 is picked, he's got a name. His name is Robert Prevost. 12 00:00:51.079 --> 00:00:56.600 And nonetheless, when you're selected to be pope, you take 13 00:00:56.640 --> 00:00:59.679 on a different name, a regnal name, as they call it. 14 00:01:00.479 --> 00:01:04.040 This tradition began very very early on in the history 15 00:01:04.079 --> 00:01:06.599 of the Church, where someone was picked to be Bishop 16 00:01:06.599 --> 00:01:10.120 of Rome, aka the pope, and his name was Mercurious, 17 00:01:11.560 --> 00:01:13.680 which is, you know, the name of a Roman god, 18 00:01:14.439 --> 00:01:17.120 a pagan Roman god. So everyone was like, eh, you know, 19 00:01:17.920 --> 00:01:21.680 maybe why don't we just call you John instead? Or 20 00:01:21.719 --> 00:01:23.359 I forget what the name he was that he picked 21 00:01:23.760 --> 00:01:27.400 something for the New Testament anyway, So popes took on 22 00:01:27.480 --> 00:01:31.439 the habit of picking a name different from their own name, 23 00:01:31.680 --> 00:01:36.879 and in some ways this mirrors the pattern that's employed 24 00:01:36.920 --> 00:01:41.319 by a lot of Catholic religious communities when you take 25 00:01:41.560 --> 00:01:44.599 vows to live in community as a monk or as 26 00:01:44.599 --> 00:01:47.799 a friar, for you know, different kinds of religious communities, 27 00:01:47.879 --> 00:01:50.760 you take a new name. And this is itself a 28 00:01:50.799 --> 00:01:55.439 little bit drawing off of the biblical example of the 29 00:01:55.840 --> 00:01:58.719 changing of someone's name in both the Old and the 30 00:01:58.760 --> 00:02:01.680 New Testament was always a sign of someone being given 31 00:02:01.799 --> 00:02:08.319 some new mission. Abram becomes Abraham, you know, Jacob becomes Israel, 32 00:02:10.439 --> 00:02:15.919 Saul becomes Paul, Simon becomes Peter, et cetera. So the 33 00:02:15.960 --> 00:02:19.319 popes have always have done this for centuries. And he 34 00:02:19.439 --> 00:02:22.000 takes the name Leo. Why does he take the name Leo, Well, 35 00:02:22.840 --> 00:02:25.479 he is Leo the fourteenth, and he says that he's 36 00:02:25.520 --> 00:02:30.879 doing this as a nod. The pope said that he 37 00:02:30.960 --> 00:02:33.879 took the name Leo in part as a nod to 38 00:02:34.039 --> 00:02:40.919 his predecessor with that name, Leo the thirteenth. Now Leo 39 00:02:40.960 --> 00:02:44.719 the thirteenth is the first pope that there was ever 40 00:02:44.759 --> 00:02:48.879 any like TV video of or you know, video camera 41 00:02:49.039 --> 00:02:52.479 video of. He was the head of the Catholic Church 42 00:02:52.560 --> 00:02:57.719 from eighteen seventy eight to nineteen oh three. And one 43 00:02:57.719 --> 00:03:00.479 of the things that Pope Leo is most Leo the 44 00:03:00.520 --> 00:03:05.120 thirteenth is most famous for is that he's the first 45 00:03:05.280 --> 00:03:11.080 pope to He was a pope during the Industrial Revolution. 46 00:03:13.520 --> 00:03:17.599 The Industrial Revolution is happening as he became pope, and 47 00:03:18.080 --> 00:03:23.879 Leo the thirteenth wrote something that's called an encyclical, which 48 00:03:23.960 --> 00:03:27.680 literally means a letter that's passed around, passed around to 49 00:03:27.719 --> 00:03:31.840 everybody in a cyclical, in a circle. He wrote this 50 00:03:31.960 --> 00:03:39.520 encyclical basically a long teaching document called Rerum novarum, which 51 00:03:39.560 --> 00:03:44.560 literally means about new things, about new developments. And in 52 00:03:44.599 --> 00:03:49.199 this Pope Leo applied the wisdom of the Catholic Church's teaching, 53 00:03:50.199 --> 00:03:53.680 her ideal, her principles of justice, her ideals of justice, 54 00:03:54.000 --> 00:03:57.800 and applied it to the very at that time, very new, 55 00:03:58.000 --> 00:04:03.680 very groundbreaking problem and changes that were happening in the 56 00:04:03.680 --> 00:04:10.479 global economy, looking at global governance, global economies, looking at 57 00:04:10.719 --> 00:04:15.400 the way in which capitalism was reshaping our relationship with work, 58 00:04:16.360 --> 00:04:21.120 Looking also though at the rise of socialism, okay, the 59 00:04:21.120 --> 00:04:24.360 incipient rise of the idea of socialism at that time. 60 00:04:24.519 --> 00:04:32.199 This is long before the Russian Revolution, and Leo charted 61 00:04:32.199 --> 00:04:35.759 this ground for the Church. I'm not going to be 62 00:04:35.839 --> 00:04:40.720 able to first of all, not being as fully educated 63 00:04:40.720 --> 00:04:42.360 on Rare Room Navarum as I should be. Maybe I 64 00:04:42.399 --> 00:04:47.759 need to go read it Leo though. To summarize, Leo 65 00:04:47.879 --> 00:04:49.839 was sort of charting a course for the Catholic Church 66 00:04:49.920 --> 00:04:52.920 to say, no, we reject so many of the principles 67 00:04:52.959 --> 00:04:58.079 of socialism. The notion that the state should control all 68 00:04:58.120 --> 00:05:03.079 of the means of production is and completely deny any 69 00:05:03.079 --> 00:05:05.720 sort of right to property is wrong. We have to 70 00:05:05.759 --> 00:05:09.560 reject that. On the other hand, there is a difference 71 00:05:09.560 --> 00:05:14.519 between the Catholic conception of things and a pure libertarian capitalist, 72 00:05:15.279 --> 00:05:19.000 laissez fair capitalist view of the world, for example. So 73 00:05:19.240 --> 00:05:24.240 there's sort of this tension between the Catholic concept of 74 00:05:24.279 --> 00:05:29.360 what's called the universal destination of goods. That human beings 75 00:05:29.439 --> 00:05:32.040 have a right to property, but it is a right 76 00:05:32.120 --> 00:05:35.279 sort of in a qualified sense in comparison to how 77 00:05:35.319 --> 00:05:38.240 Americans think of rights. When an American talks about rights, 78 00:05:38.240 --> 00:05:42.399 it's this iron clad thing that absolutely upheld by courts, 79 00:05:44.319 --> 00:05:47.000 right to freedom of speech. If someone censors you, you 80 00:05:47.079 --> 00:05:49.560 take them to court and you win. It's this ironclad 81 00:05:50.000 --> 00:05:52.680 right more or less are the least. That's how we 82 00:05:52.720 --> 00:05:57.120 perceive it, and for certain kinds of core constitutional rights, 83 00:05:57.160 --> 00:05:59.920 that's how we perceive it. The Catholic Church, though, to 84 00:06:00.000 --> 00:06:02.839 talk about rights in sort of more qualified senses. Yes, 85 00:06:02.879 --> 00:06:07.959 you have a right to private property, but the idea 86 00:06:08.720 --> 00:06:14.240 is that, well, ultimately your money, you're just a steward 87 00:06:14.279 --> 00:06:18.600 of from the eternal perspective, the goods of the earth 88 00:06:18.639 --> 00:06:20.759 that you have over the course of your life. You're 89 00:06:20.839 --> 00:06:25.240 not keeping them. Eventually they go away. That's the universal 90 00:06:25.279 --> 00:06:30.040 destination of goods. We are granted goods in this world 91 00:06:30.800 --> 00:06:34.000 as custodians of it. And that's true both on a 92 00:06:34.000 --> 00:06:36.199 supernatural level but also on a natural level. On a 93 00:06:36.240 --> 00:06:38.279 natural level, you will die, you will not take your 94 00:06:38.279 --> 00:06:41.319 stuff with you. Where is your stuff going to go? 95 00:06:43.439 --> 00:06:48.160 From this Catholic conception, taxation is not viewed as theft. 96 00:06:49.399 --> 00:06:52.519 The goods of the world are for the people of 97 00:06:52.560 --> 00:06:55.879 the world to help them, and if governments play a 98 00:06:56.040 --> 00:06:59.319 role in administering justice in various ways, taxation is not 99 00:06:59.480 --> 00:07:05.319 itself intrinsically evil. Now, there can be just systems of taxation, 100 00:07:05.360 --> 00:07:13.079 there can be unjust systems of taxation, and also there's 101 00:07:13.120 --> 00:07:17.759 this idea that the political economy that are a capitalist 102 00:07:17.959 --> 00:07:23.319 market system is not inherently, intrinsically always perfect. We don't. 103 00:07:24.199 --> 00:07:27.639 The idea that the invisible hand always works, I think 104 00:07:27.759 --> 00:07:33.480 is both you know, obviously wrong, given that the invisible 105 00:07:33.480 --> 00:07:36.800 hand has often worked to create things like monopolies and 106 00:07:36.800 --> 00:07:39.759 stuff like that. Often the hand of the markets can 107 00:07:39.800 --> 00:07:44.439 work very well price allowing the system of pricing to 108 00:07:44.480 --> 00:07:48.040 do its work, rather than a centrally planned economy. The 109 00:07:48.079 --> 00:07:51.920 Soviet Union demonstrate to demonstrated to us how a centrally 110 00:07:52.000 --> 00:07:55.480 planned economy of price fixing and price controls for all 111 00:07:55.560 --> 00:08:00.800 kinds of things results in more unintended disaster, stress consequences 112 00:08:00.800 --> 00:08:08.040 than one could possibly fathom. But there's a need for 113 00:08:08.120 --> 00:08:12.759 governance to maintain principles of justice. Okay, let's think of 114 00:08:12.759 --> 00:08:16.480 the example of monopolies. Okay, monopolies are not good. Monopolies 115 00:08:16.519 --> 00:08:21.120 can happen quote organically in a laisiz faire system, and 116 00:08:21.319 --> 00:08:24.439 there's not a lot of recourse that people can have 117 00:08:25.000 --> 00:08:28.959 to stop them. So to have systems of law, to 118 00:08:29.000 --> 00:08:32.759 have strong, a strong legal culture in place, strong foundations 119 00:08:32.759 --> 00:08:37.440 of law to help govern your markets, to encourage competition. 120 00:08:38.559 --> 00:08:41.960 But also then the demand to respect the rights of workers. 121 00:08:42.519 --> 00:08:47.600 Leo wound up being very pro labor union. Lee are 122 00:08:47.639 --> 00:08:50.720 the thirteenth writing and you know, at the turn of 123 00:08:51.360 --> 00:08:54.279 at the turn of the twentieth century, Leo was very 124 00:08:54.279 --> 00:08:57.120 pro labor union, just in the sense of, we need 125 00:08:57.159 --> 00:09:01.600 to have some kind of mechanism to allow individual workers 126 00:09:01.639 --> 00:09:06.799 to have the right to negotiate with labor, with capital, 127 00:09:06.840 --> 00:09:11.320 with management on some kind of a fair playing field. Okay, 128 00:09:11.360 --> 00:09:14.559 that the whole idea of a private sector labor union is. Okay. 129 00:09:14.720 --> 00:09:19.399 Ownership is incentivized to keep most of the profits for itself, 130 00:09:19.399 --> 00:09:22.840 for its shareholders, and one of the ways you do 131 00:09:22.879 --> 00:09:25.120 that is by paying your labor less. But an individual 132 00:09:25.200 --> 00:09:29.120 laborer might desperately need that job and therefore not have 133 00:09:29.279 --> 00:09:34.799 the kind of negotiating power as himself by himself to ask, hey, 134 00:09:34.840 --> 00:09:37.480 I would like a fairer wage. I'm working my butt off, 135 00:09:37.679 --> 00:09:42.200 I would like a more dignified wage. That's hard to 136 00:09:42.200 --> 00:09:46.480 do if you're just one man, especially if ownership, if 137 00:09:46.519 --> 00:09:49.200 management views you as replaceable, well, you don't want to 138 00:09:49.200 --> 00:09:54.840 work for this. Someone else will see it. Unionizing allows 139 00:09:54.919 --> 00:09:59.120 labor to negotiate with management on a more even playing field. 140 00:10:01.080 --> 00:10:03.799 And one of the things we saw in America in 141 00:10:04.360 --> 00:10:06.440 over the course of the twentieth century was the growth 142 00:10:06.519 --> 00:10:11.120 of labor unions did help with increasing the standard of 143 00:10:11.159 --> 00:10:14.559 living and you know, building up you know where you 144 00:10:14.639 --> 00:10:16.799 work the line at Ford and you can support a 145 00:10:16.840 --> 00:10:22.840 family of you know, five or six to buy a house. Now. 146 00:10:25.639 --> 00:10:29.720 So Leo the thirteenth was as a pope a really 147 00:10:29.799 --> 00:10:35.840 kind of seismic. His writing of the document Rear Room 148 00:10:35.919 --> 00:10:40.960 of Arm was this incredibly important Catholic intervention into some 149 00:10:41.000 --> 00:10:47.399 of the great social, economic, and political controversies of the day. 150 00:10:48.639 --> 00:10:52.480 Pope Leo. We've discerned this both from a speech he 151 00:10:52.519 --> 00:10:55.279 gave to the College of Cardinals shortly after his election 152 00:10:55.759 --> 00:10:59.080 and an interview given by a cardinal from Chile who 153 00:10:59.600 --> 00:11:04.120 was saying at dinner after the papal election, he's there, 154 00:11:04.200 --> 00:11:06.639 the cardinals have dinner with the Pope after they elect him. 155 00:11:07.000 --> 00:11:08.720 And he asked him, sort of off the cuff, so 156 00:11:09.000 --> 00:11:11.399 why did you pick the name Leo? And he got 157 00:11:11.440 --> 00:11:17.559 this answer. This is what Cardinal Chomale from Chile reported. 158 00:11:19.960 --> 00:11:23.320 He says, let's see if I can pull it up. 159 00:11:26.279 --> 00:11:30.039 He told me. So, it's Cardinal Chomale saying this about 160 00:11:30.039 --> 00:11:33.559 the Pope. He the Pope told me he is very 161 00:11:33.600 --> 00:11:37.720 concerned about the cultural shifts we are living through a 162 00:11:37.799 --> 00:11:46.320 Copernican revolution, really, artificial intelligence, robotics, human relationships. Chomale said 163 00:11:47.120 --> 00:11:49.360 he was inspired by Leo the thirteenth in the midst 164 00:11:49.360 --> 00:11:52.279 of the Industrial Revolution, wrote ree Rum novarum, launching an 165 00:11:52.279 --> 00:12:02.279 important dialogue between the Church and the modern world. So 166 00:12:05.000 --> 00:12:11.600 that's I thought that was really interesting. The cardinal continued. 167 00:12:14.279 --> 00:12:16.679 The new Pope believes the Church has a vital role 168 00:12:16.720 --> 00:12:20.000 to play in today's moment of perplexity. Cardinal Chomali added, 169 00:12:20.320 --> 00:12:24.679 there is a Chomale talking there is a revolution happening 170 00:12:25.240 --> 00:12:29.320 with ai et cetera, and it must be addressed seriously. 171 00:12:29.440 --> 00:12:34.240 The Church can contribute through its moral authority and also 172 00:12:34.279 --> 00:12:44.320 its academic strength. I'm so impressed by this, honestly. Now, 173 00:12:44.360 --> 00:12:47.840 this is Chomallee reporting what the Pope said to him. 174 00:12:48.080 --> 00:12:51.000 The Pope did, though, reaffirm it. The next day, he writes, 175 00:12:51.879 --> 00:12:54.159 I chose to take the name Leo the fourteenth. This 176 00:12:54.240 --> 00:12:56.639 is his address to the College of Cardinals. Happened about 177 00:12:56.679 --> 00:13:00.200 two days after he was elected. There are different reasons 178 00:13:00.240 --> 00:13:02.639 for this, but mainly because Poblio the thirteenth, in his 179 00:13:02.639 --> 00:13:06.639 historic encyclical re Roum Novarum, addressed the social question in 180 00:13:06.679 --> 00:13:09.799 the context of the first great Industrial Revolution. In our 181 00:13:09.840 --> 00:13:12.120 own day, the Church offers to everyone the treasury of 182 00:13:12.159 --> 00:13:15.639 her social teaching in response to another industrial revolution and 183 00:13:15.679 --> 00:13:18.600 to developments in the field of artificial intelligence that pose 184 00:13:18.679 --> 00:13:22.039 new challenges for the defense of human dignity, justice, and labor. 185 00:13:27.279 --> 00:13:32.360 Why am I impressed by that? It demonstrates such confidence, 186 00:13:33.879 --> 00:13:44.120 It demonstrates such confidence in the Church in the Gospel that, No, 187 00:13:44.600 --> 00:13:46.440 the Catholic Church is not going to be some sort 188 00:13:46.480 --> 00:13:52.559 of quiescent sitting on the sidelines, little nice social club 189 00:13:52.600 --> 00:13:57.000 that you go to on Sundays that isn't afraid or 190 00:13:57.279 --> 00:14:02.240 lacks the heft to speak to the powers of the world, 191 00:14:03.360 --> 00:14:07.480 to speak to the wealthy and the powerful about what's happening. No, 192 00:14:07.759 --> 00:14:10.080 we have the confidence that we are going to speak 193 00:14:10.120 --> 00:14:13.919 about it. That the Pope, the leader of a billion Catholics, 194 00:14:14.399 --> 00:14:16.120 is not going to be you know, kind of like 195 00:14:16.120 --> 00:14:19.639 the Queen of England or King Charles or something, you know, 196 00:14:20.039 --> 00:14:25.679 ultimately without much power, without much pristige, without much real 197 00:14:25.960 --> 00:14:31.039 influence as far as changing what we believe no, the 198 00:14:31.080 --> 00:14:33.840 Pope is going to stand there front and center and say, yeah, 199 00:14:35.600 --> 00:14:41.440 we have this incredible treasury of wisdom, and the Pope, 200 00:14:42.039 --> 00:14:48.120 as the head of a billion plus Catholics, has the 201 00:14:48.159 --> 00:14:55.759 moral authority to credibly stand there and teach about these 202 00:14:55.799 --> 00:14:58.360 new developments and try to apply the Gospel to them, 203 00:14:59.480 --> 00:15:02.440 try to make sense of them, try to understand the 204 00:15:02.639 --> 00:15:06.360 serious ways in which AI and other developments are going 205 00:15:06.399 --> 00:15:11.320 to have real serious consequences, some good and some maybe 206 00:15:11.399 --> 00:15:17.480 quite bad for economies, for labor, for human dignity. When 207 00:15:17.559 --> 00:15:19.679 we return, I want to talk about some of those things. 208 00:15:19.919 --> 00:15:24.399 That's next on the John Girardy Show. Pope Leo the 209 00:15:24.480 --> 00:15:28.159 fourteenth announced he took this name because, like his predecessor, 210 00:15:28.240 --> 00:15:32.080 Leo the thirteenth, who was pope from around the turn 211 00:15:32.120 --> 00:15:34.720 of the twentieth of the nineteenth into the twentieth century, 212 00:15:35.600 --> 00:15:38.279 was one of the first popes to really engage with 213 00:15:38.399 --> 00:15:41.679 the economic and social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. 214 00:15:41.799 --> 00:15:46.320 Pope Leo the Fourteenth, elected last week, wants to apply 215 00:15:46.440 --> 00:15:50.399 the wisdom of the Church to the new industrial revolution 216 00:15:50.559 --> 00:15:55.759 that we are about to face, particularly with a I 217 00:15:55.759 --> 00:16:01.440 I think this is such a needed worthy in some ways, 218 00:16:01.480 --> 00:16:06.759 even audacious program for the pope, an audacious goal for 219 00:16:06.799 --> 00:16:11.240 the pope to really tackle this, and it's such a 220 00:16:11.240 --> 00:16:15.000 breath of fresh air in a way. I think for 221 00:16:16.159 --> 00:16:21.759 a very long time, maybe since JOm Paul the Second. 222 00:16:22.360 --> 00:16:24.919 I don't know Benedict the sixteenth a bit, but I 223 00:16:25.200 --> 00:16:31.159 think much of the papacy of Pope Francis, and to 224 00:16:31.200 --> 00:16:34.200 a certain extent, a lot of the bet Popenedict's papacy, 225 00:16:34.679 --> 00:16:37.759 maybe for better or for worse, A lot of it 226 00:16:37.879 --> 00:16:42.000 was focused ad intra, if you will. On the inside. 227 00:16:42.080 --> 00:16:44.840 It was the Catholic Church thinking about itself, talking about itself, 228 00:16:45.440 --> 00:16:48.279 and that's not a bad thing necessarily, that's not always 229 00:16:48.320 --> 00:16:51.840 a bad thing sorting out, you know. Pop Benedict was 230 00:16:51.919 --> 00:16:54.399 very concerned, for example, about the Church's public worship and 231 00:16:54.440 --> 00:16:58.519 how how do we express our public worship. He tried 232 00:16:58.559 --> 00:17:01.720 to liberate the Latin Mass, allow every priest to offer 233 00:17:01.759 --> 00:17:05.319 the Old Mass, the pre nineteen sixties right of the 234 00:17:05.359 --> 00:17:10.240 Catholic Mass, which was celebrated mostly in Latin. He tried 235 00:17:10.279 --> 00:17:13.599 to give every priest permission. He gave every priest permission 236 00:17:13.680 --> 00:17:18.519 to say that because he wanted the church's interior expression 237 00:17:18.559 --> 00:17:20.759 of itself to be coherent and Pope Francis kind of 238 00:17:20.839 --> 00:17:27.240 undid that. Frankly, Pope Francis also wrote a lot about 239 00:17:27.440 --> 00:17:32.480 the topic of evangelization, and maybe one of the most 240 00:17:32.640 --> 00:17:37.319 positive aspects of his papacy was his eye, which Pope 241 00:17:37.359 --> 00:17:42.680 Leo himself cited in his first address, was the kind 242 00:17:42.680 --> 00:17:50.799 of approach to evangelization that Pope Francis laid out the 243 00:17:50.799 --> 00:17:54.160 primacy of Christ in proclamation that our missionary efforts shouldn't 244 00:17:54.200 --> 00:17:57.480 be first about well, we're helping people, helping build wells. No, 245 00:17:57.599 --> 00:18:00.880 the primacy of our missionary works should be about Jesus Christ, 246 00:18:00.920 --> 00:18:04.839 which was a principle from this document. Pope Francis wrote 247 00:18:04.880 --> 00:18:10.240 about the subject the missionary conversion of the entire Christian community, 248 00:18:10.279 --> 00:18:12.799 that every part of the church must be viewed as 249 00:18:12.839 --> 00:18:20.319 a mission field, greater collegiality between bishops. These are all 250 00:18:20.359 --> 00:18:23.720 good things that Pope Francis talked about and did, but 251 00:18:24.000 --> 00:18:28.680 it was very internally focused. It was the church sort 252 00:18:28.680 --> 00:18:33.279 of focusing in on itself, looking at itself, and perhaps 253 00:18:34.079 --> 00:18:36.480 I think from many people's point of view, one of 254 00:18:36.559 --> 00:18:39.880 the least successful aspects of Francis's papacy that was very 255 00:18:39.960 --> 00:18:45.559 navel gazing was the constant synods that Pope Francis would hold. 256 00:18:45.559 --> 00:18:47.480 A synod is a gathering of a group of the 257 00:18:47.480 --> 00:18:50.400 world's bishops to talk about something, And most of the 258 00:18:50.440 --> 00:18:53.960 synods that Pope Francis convened over the course of his papacy, 259 00:18:54.759 --> 00:18:57.960 it was about internal stuff and they were these very 260 00:18:58.039 --> 00:19:00.759 high stakes things, felt very highst where we were like 261 00:19:01.039 --> 00:19:05.480 talking about stuff that everyone thought was already settled. Should 262 00:19:05.599 --> 00:19:08.519 divorced and remarried Catholics be able to receive community? Well? 263 00:19:08.599 --> 00:19:11.039 John Paul the Second had already very firmly established that 264 00:19:11.160 --> 00:19:14.920 as a no, why is it now a topic of conversation? 265 00:19:16.759 --> 00:19:20.119 Should pre skip married? Like why are we revisiting this? 266 00:19:20.200 --> 00:19:22.480 It's been asked and asked and asked and said no, 267 00:19:22.519 --> 00:19:25.480 And ultimately Pope Francis said no, should women be able 268 00:19:25.519 --> 00:19:27.839 to be ordained deacons? Why are we doing this women? 269 00:19:28.599 --> 00:19:31.200 We've been asking the question, asking the question, and the 270 00:19:31.240 --> 00:19:34.960 Church has said no, no, no. It was a lot 271 00:19:35.000 --> 00:19:38.240 of stuff about internally what the church thinks about this 272 00:19:38.279 --> 00:19:41.680 that or the other. Uh? Should uh, you know, gay 273 00:19:41.720 --> 00:19:45.200 couples be blessed? Pope Francis in twenty twenty one said no. 274 00:19:45.319 --> 00:19:48.880 Pope Francis in twenty twenty three or twenty four said oh, 275 00:19:49.079 --> 00:19:57.079 maybe under certain conditions and then said no again. So 276 00:19:58.640 --> 00:20:01.519 I feel like a lot of And this reached its 277 00:20:01.519 --> 00:20:05.519 sort of zenith, of sort of internal looking when we 278 00:20:05.599 --> 00:20:07.839 had a synod, a gathering of all the world's bishops 279 00:20:08.200 --> 00:20:13.200 about cinnidality, a synod about the topic of meeting for 280 00:20:13.279 --> 00:20:20.720 synods to talk about stuff, talking about talking, and I 281 00:20:20.720 --> 00:20:24.319 think it's very refreshing to hear from the pope, the 282 00:20:24.359 --> 00:20:28.599 new pope, you know what we're going to talk about. 283 00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:33.799 You know, we're so busy talking among ourselves that we've 284 00:20:33.799 --> 00:20:37.720 got these enormous cultural shifts happening, and the Catholic Church 285 00:20:37.880 --> 00:20:42.799 got to engage with this stuff. So to see a 286 00:20:42.839 --> 00:20:46.880 pope who is relatively quite young, relatively speaking, or at 287 00:20:46.960 --> 00:20:49.559 least young enough that he's able to engage with and 288 00:20:49.640 --> 00:20:54.279 understand this stuff. Okay, the last two popes we elected God, 289 00:20:54.559 --> 00:20:56.920 you know, God bless Pope Francis, got blessed Pope Benedict. 290 00:20:57.160 --> 00:20:59.960 But Pope Francis was seventy seven when he was elect 291 00:21:00.200 --> 00:21:03.920 Pope Benedict was seventy eight when he was elected. Much 292 00:21:04.079 --> 00:21:06.799 most of their respective papacies, they were in their eighties. 293 00:21:09.759 --> 00:21:16.759 To have a relatively young pope who understands these shifting 294 00:21:16.839 --> 00:21:19.960 tides of technology, you know, the first pope to have 295 00:21:20.079 --> 00:21:24.000 had a Twitter account, I think is actually really important 296 00:21:25.039 --> 00:21:32.039 and kind of refreshing. So I'm very hopeful about this 297 00:21:32.240 --> 00:21:37.200 idea that you know, we have. We've got a lot 298 00:21:37.240 --> 00:21:41.400 of this internal stuff figured out as a Catholic Church. 299 00:21:41.480 --> 00:21:46.799 We should have confidence that the wisdom we have developed 300 00:21:46.799 --> 00:21:49.519 about human nature, the wisdom we have come to learn 301 00:21:49.559 --> 00:21:53.880 over you know, two millennia of reflecting on the Gospels 302 00:21:56.000 --> 00:22:00.400 about human nature, about human dignity, about you know, how 303 00:22:00.599 --> 00:22:04.519 labor and capitals should interact with each other, about technology 304 00:22:04.599 --> 00:22:08.279 and technological developments and the ways in which it offsets 305 00:22:08.640 --> 00:22:12.920 labor and human dignity and all of those impacts. For 306 00:22:13.000 --> 00:22:15.480 the Pope to have that kind of confidence and say, 307 00:22:15.519 --> 00:22:22.920 all right, let's look outward and yeah, we can still 308 00:22:22.920 --> 00:22:27.160 meet in synods to discuss stuff, but maybe let's take 309 00:22:27.599 --> 00:22:32.359 you know, as as Cardinal Cardinal Chomale said, talk so 310 00:22:32.519 --> 00:22:35.839 that this Chilean cardinal who's talking about Pope France's wanting 311 00:22:35.920 --> 00:22:41.559 to do this. Cardinal Chomale, this is him sort of 312 00:22:41.599 --> 00:22:44.000 secondhand reporting what the Pope said so don't take it 313 00:22:44.039 --> 00:22:48.440 for the gospel. He says, the church can contribute through 314 00:22:48.440 --> 00:22:51.920 its moral authority and also its academic strength. Yeah, the 315 00:22:51.960 --> 00:22:58.319 Catholic Church has got more brilliant academics at more universities 316 00:22:59.039 --> 00:23:01.799 who have thought deeply about this stuff, meditated about this 317 00:23:01.799 --> 00:23:07.119 stuff from the perspectives of law and economics and bioethics 318 00:23:07.319 --> 00:23:10.519 and so many perspectives. And for the pope to say, yeah, 319 00:23:10.839 --> 00:23:13.519 let's take all of that, let's take all of the 320 00:23:13.559 --> 00:23:19.519 wisdom I can, and let's address this stuff. I mean, 321 00:23:19.559 --> 00:23:24.640 I can't. I'm so impressed by it. And I really 322 00:23:25.559 --> 00:23:28.440 hope that Pope Leo's got the time and the ability 323 00:23:29.200 --> 00:23:33.759 to really seriously address this stuff. He seems like a sharp, 324 00:23:34.160 --> 00:23:38.480 a very intelligent man. And I gotta say, I'm I'm 325 00:23:38.759 --> 00:23:46.799 you know, I'm really hopeful about this papacy and you know, 326 00:23:46.880 --> 00:23:49.240 he this this man could be pope for the next 327 00:23:49.279 --> 00:23:54.000 twenty years. And I'm really liking all the initial signs 328 00:23:54.039 --> 00:23:57.039 of what I see, or very much most of them. 329 00:23:58.400 --> 00:24:01.559 So I'm I'm superre excited about all of this. When 330 00:24:01.599 --> 00:24:05.160 we return. What are some of these issues where AI 331 00:24:05.599 --> 00:24:10.359 is impacting justice, labor, ethics, bioethics, et cetera. That's next 332 00:24:10.440 --> 00:24:14.720 on The John Girardi Show. But Leo says he wants 333 00:24:14.759 --> 00:24:20.039 to have the church engage with discuss teach about what 334 00:24:20.519 --> 00:24:25.160 he's sort of being called the next Industrial Revolution AI, 335 00:24:26.519 --> 00:24:31.240 new technologies that could be replacing human work, and I 336 00:24:31.279 --> 00:24:33.799 want to talk about what some of those challenges are, 337 00:24:33.880 --> 00:24:37.240 what some of those challenges could be. I've seen this 338 00:24:37.400 --> 00:24:41.559 sort of on a very practical level. My sister is 339 00:24:42.079 --> 00:24:47.079 an animator for Disney. She's she's a computer engineer, she's 340 00:24:47.119 --> 00:24:51.160 a computer scientist and animator for Disney. So she's sort 341 00:24:51.200 --> 00:24:54.960 of at the level of for several Disney movies that 342 00:24:55.039 --> 00:24:58.400 she's worked on. If you look up Christine Gerardi, you 343 00:24:58.400 --> 00:25:01.079 can see she's in the credits for Frozen Too and 344 00:25:02.200 --> 00:25:05.759 Canto and a bunch of other Disney animation not Pixar, 345 00:25:05.839 --> 00:25:09.039 but Disney animation films that have been released the last 346 00:25:09.519 --> 00:25:13.279 several years. One of the things she sort of told 347 00:25:13.279 --> 00:25:18.039 me is that the union she's a member of is 348 00:25:18.079 --> 00:25:24.119 incredibly concerned in its negotiations with Disney over AI. And 349 00:25:24.200 --> 00:25:25.920 I remembered her talking to me about it a couple 350 00:25:25.960 --> 00:25:27.799 of years ago, and I was like, Eh, you know, 351 00:25:29.160 --> 00:25:32.839 how bad, how bad can it be? You know? And 352 00:25:32.920 --> 00:25:37.480 now I realize, oh, yeah, that's bad, because I think 353 00:25:37.519 --> 00:25:40.799 a lot of what AI can be used for is 354 00:25:41.440 --> 00:25:46.319 very simply to replace jobs, the jobs that engineers and 355 00:25:46.359 --> 00:25:51.400 animators have and coder you know, doing computer coding, where 356 00:25:52.799 --> 00:25:54.839 a lot of that stuff seems like the kind of 357 00:25:54.960 --> 00:26:00.079 thing that you can set artificial intelligence to do. Mean, 358 00:26:00.119 --> 00:26:04.359 we're already starting to see AI generated video. There's starting 359 00:26:04.359 --> 00:26:07.319 to be AI animation generated commercials now that you're starting 360 00:26:07.319 --> 00:26:09.640 to see. I mean, they're kind of painfully obvious. The 361 00:26:09.680 --> 00:26:13.759 AI is not very good yet, but it's getting there, 362 00:26:15.839 --> 00:26:20.960 and we're only kind of starting to see the level 363 00:26:21.000 --> 00:26:23.599 of disruption that AI can have within then. As much 364 00:26:23.599 --> 00:26:26.799 as I hate the word disruption everyone it's such a 365 00:26:27.160 --> 00:26:30.759 LinkedIn word, Oh I'm a disruptor, disrupting the kind of 366 00:26:30.759 --> 00:26:34.440 oh it's a disruptor breakthrough anyway, the kinds of disruption 367 00:26:34.559 --> 00:26:37.599 that AI can have within the labor market, the ways 368 00:26:37.599 --> 00:26:47.559 in which artificial intelligence can replace human beings. And this 369 00:26:47.599 --> 00:26:49.519 is why I'm excited that the Pope's can write about it, 370 00:26:49.559 --> 00:26:53.160 because I think every country, certainly every country in the West, 371 00:26:53.240 --> 00:26:56.799 is going to struggle with this. Are we going to 372 00:26:56.839 --> 00:27:00.200 allow AI to lay off a ton of people. We 373 00:27:00.240 --> 00:27:03.799 put limits on the kinds of things that AI can do. 374 00:27:04.519 --> 00:27:08.000 How does automation, you know, automation that is replacing human 375 00:27:08.079 --> 00:27:11.359 jobs with those human beings got to do something? You know, 376 00:27:11.440 --> 00:27:13.599 do we say yeah, second up, buttercup? Or you know, 377 00:27:13.759 --> 00:27:15.480 how do we deal with these things? This is not 378 00:27:15.559 --> 00:27:17.519 the first time that the Catholic Church has dealt with 379 00:27:17.559 --> 00:27:21.799 the problem of an industrial revolution where technology is replacing 380 00:27:22.119 --> 00:27:24.839 human beings and human labor, and the question of how 381 00:27:24.880 --> 00:27:28.079 do we justly and fairly treat human beings and human labor. 382 00:27:30.880 --> 00:27:35.599 Now there are other and in some ways more sinister, 383 00:27:37.279 --> 00:27:42.440 even more even more sinister. I'd say, developments with AI 384 00:27:42.920 --> 00:27:45.839 that I hope the Pope is willing to touch upon 385 00:27:46.319 --> 00:27:52.759 because it has to do with bioethics. There's a story 386 00:27:52.880 --> 00:27:57.759 from the New York Times from I believe this was 387 00:27:58.000 --> 00:27:59.960 this was a year ago April twenty second, twenty two, 388 00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:06.680 twenty four. Generative AI arrives in the gene editing world 389 00:28:06.799 --> 00:28:14.920 of crisper CEERIPR, much as chat GPT generates poetry. A 390 00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:21.200 new AI system devises blueprints for microscopic mechanisms that can 391 00:28:21.400 --> 00:28:28.359 edit your DNA Generative AI technologies can write poetry and 392 00:28:28.400 --> 00:28:31.799 computer program This is an article by Kaid Mets from 393 00:28:31.799 --> 00:28:35.720 the New York Times. Generative AI technologies can write poetry 394 00:28:35.759 --> 00:28:38.880 and computer programs, or create images of Teddy Bears and 395 00:28:39.000 --> 00:28:41.440 videos of cartoon characters that look like something from a 396 00:28:41.440 --> 00:28:45.720 Hollywood movie. Now, new AI technology is generating blueprints for 397 00:28:45.920 --> 00:28:50.880 microscopic biological mechanisms that can edit your DNA, pointing to 398 00:28:50.880 --> 00:28:54.119 a future when scientists can battle illnesses and diseases with 399 00:28:54.200 --> 00:28:58.279 even greater precision and speed than they can today. Now, 400 00:29:02.799 --> 00:29:10.440 crisper technology is already here, crisper methods or mechanisms to 401 00:29:10.759 --> 00:29:13.839